LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.

Q1: In what field of study has Whitehead's work been most influential in the United States?
A1: American progressive theology
Q2: Who was the most important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?
A2: Charles Hartshorne
Q3: What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is attributed to Charles Hartshorne?
A3: developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology
Q4: Who are some other distinguished process theologians?
A4: John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller
Title: San_Diego
Topic: Geography and places

Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly-independent Mexico, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later. In 1850, it became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union.

Q1: Who claimed the San Diego Bay area for Spain in 1542?
A1: Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
Q2: In what year did San Diego become part of the United States?
A2: 1850
Q3: What native people lived in the San Diego area before the Europeans arrived?
A3: Kumeyaay
Q4: After the land was claimed for Spain, how many years passed before the settlement of Alta began?
A4: 200
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Historically, AC motors were used for single or double speed elevator machines on the grounds of cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue, but for higher speed, larger capacity elevators, the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine becomes an issue. Therefore, DC machines powered by an AC/DC motor generator were the preferred solution. The MG set also typically powered the relay controller of the elevator, which has the added advantage of electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system, thus eliminating the transient power spikes in the building's electrical supply caused by the motors starting and stopping (causing lighting to dim every time the elevators are used for example), as well as interference to other electrical equipment caused by the arcing of the relay contactors in the control system.

Q1: Throughout history, what type of engines were used for elevator machines?
A1: AC motors
Q2: Why were AC motors used?
A2: cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue
Q3: What problem arises for fast and large capacity elevators?
A3: the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine
Q4: Generally, what powered the relay contoller?
A4: MG set
Q5: What is a known advantage of the MG set?
A5: electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the Persian rule in Greece. However, Persis (Old Persian: Pārśa; Modern Persian: Pārse) was originally referred to a region settled by Persians in the west shore of Lake Urmia, in the 9th century BC. The settlement was then shifted to the southern end of the Zagros Mountains, and is today defined as Fars Province.

Q1: Which historians referred to Iran as Persis?
A1: Greek historians
Q2: What has the West historically referred Iran as?
A2: Persia
Q3: When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia?
A3: the 9th century BC
Q4: After Lake Urmia, Persis then shifted over to what region?
A4: the southern end of the Zagros Mountains,
Q5: What is Persis known as today?
A5: Fars Province
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Historically, Mac OS X enjoyed a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that affect Microsoft Windows users. Mac OS X has a smaller usage share compared to Microsoft Windows (roughly 5% and 92%, respectively), but it also has traditionally more secure UNIX roots. Worms, as well as potential vulnerabilities, were noted in February 2006, which led some industry analysts and anti-virus companies to issue warnings that Apple's Mac OS X is not immune to malware. Increasing market share coincided with additional reports of a variety of attacks. Apple releases security updates for its software. In early 2011, Mac OS X experienced a large increase in malware attacks, and malware such as Mac Defender, MacProtector, and MacGuard were seen as an increasing problem for Mac users. At first, the malware installer required the user to enter the administrative password, but later versions were able to install without user input. Initially, Apple support staff were instructed not to assist in the removal of the malware or admit the existence of the malware issue, but as the malware spread, a support document was issued. Apple announced an OS X update to fix the problem. An estimated 100,000 users were affected.

Q1: Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS X compared to Microsoft Windows?
A1: malware and spyware
Q2: When did Mac OS X experience a large increase in malware attacks?
A2: early 2011
Q3: How was Mac's malware seen by many Mac users in 2011?
A3: an increasing problem
Q4: What were Apple support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?
A4: the removal
Q5: How many users were affected by the increase in malware?
A5: 100,000
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Historically, Philadelphia sourced its water by the Fairmount Water Works, the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern sand filtration methods. Today, the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) provides drinking water, wastewater collection, and stormwater services for Philadelphia, as well as surrounding counties. PWD draws about 57 percent of its drinking water from the Delaware River and the balance from the Schuylkill River. The public wastewater system consists of three water pollution control plants, 21 pumping stations, and about 3,657 miles of sewers. A 2007 investigation by the Environmental Protection Agency found elevated levels of Iodine-131 in the city's potable water.[citation needed] In 2012, the EPA's readings discovered that the city had the highest readings of I-131 in the nation. The city campaigned against an Associated Press report that the high levels of I-131 were the results of local gas drilling in the Upper Delaware River.[citation needed]

Q1: What was the first water supply system called?
A1: Fairmount Water Works,
Q2: Who provides the city water now?
A2: Philadelphia Water Department
Q3: Where dos PWD get it's water from?
A3: Delaware River and the balance from the Schuylkill River
Q4: How many pumping stations are there in the sewer system?
A4: 21
Q5: How many miles of sewers are in the city?
A5: 3,657 miles
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

Historically, and since pre-Hispanic times, the Valley of Anahuac has been one of the most densely populated areas in Mexico. When the Federal District was created in 1824, the urban area of Mexico City extended approximately to the area of today's Cuauhtémoc borough. At the beginning of the 20th century, the elites began migrating to the south and west and soon the small towns of Mixcoac and San Ángel were incorporated by the growing conurbation. According to the 1921 census, 54.78% of the city's population was considered Mestizo (Indigenous mixed with European), 22.79% considered European, and 18.74% considered Indigenous. This was the last Mexican Census which asked people to self-identify themselves with an heritage other than Amerindian. However, the census had the particularity that, unlike racial/ethnic census in other countries, it was focused in the perception of cultural heritage rather than in a racial perception, leading to a good number of white people to identify with "Mixed heritage" due cultural influence. In 1921, Mexico City had less than one million inhabitants.

Q1: in 1921, what percent of Mexico City's population Mestizo?
A1: 54.78
Q2: How many people lived in Mexico City in 1921?
A2: less than one million
Q3: What percentage of Mexico City's population was indigenous in 1921?
A3: 18.74
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

Historically, computers evolved from mechanical computers and eventually from vacuum tubes to transistors. However, conceptually computational systems as flexible as a personal computer can be built out of almost anything. For example, a computer can be made out of billiard balls (billiard ball computer); an often quoted example.[citation needed] More realistically, modern computers are made out of transistors made of photolithographed semiconductors.

Q1: Vacuum tubes in early computers were replaced by what?
A1: transistors
Q2: Transistors are typically made up of what today?
A2: photolithographed semiconductors
Q3: A computer that is made using pool balls is known as what?
A3: billiard ball computer)
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

Historically, in North America, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the boll weevil. Due to the US Department of Agriculture's highly successful Boll Weevil Eradication Program (BWEP), this pest has been eliminated from cotton in most of the United States. This program, along with the introduction of genetically engineered Bt cotton (which contains a bacterial gene that codes for a plant-produced protein that is toxic to a number of pests such as cotton bollworm and pink bollworm), has allowed a reduction in the use of synthetic insecticides.

Q1: What insect is the most destructive pest in cotton growing in the US?
A1: boll weevil
Q2: What program has effectively eliminated the boll weevil in the US?
A2: Boll Weevil Eradication Program
Q3: What is the organization that instigated the Boll Weevil Eradication Program?
A3: US Department of Agriculture
Q4: What form of cotton contains a genetically modified gene?
A4: Bt cotton
Q5: On what does the use of Bt cotton reduce reliance?
A5: synthetic insecticides.
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem.

Q1: What gender of musician has historically made up a large amount of professional orchestras?
A1: male
Q2: Women were first hired in professional orchestras for what position?
A2: harpist
Q3: What year did the Vienna Philharmonic first accept women?
A3: 1997
Q4: Which major orchestra was the last to appoint a woman to a permanent position?
A4: the Berlin Philharmonic
Q5: Who was the principal flute for the Vienna Philharmonic in 1996?
A5: Dieter Flury
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.

Q1: When was migration first recorded?
A1: 3,000 years ago
Q2: Who recorded the earliest records of migration?
A2: Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job
Q3: Where was Johannes Leche from?
A3: Finland
Q4: Which species of birds were recorded 3,000 years ago?
A4: storks, turtle doves, and swallows
Q5: What is a major threat to migratory birds?
A5: habitat destruction
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Historically, pubs have been socially and culturally distinct from cafés, bars and German beer halls. Most pubs offer a range of beers, wines, spirits, and soft drinks and snacks. Traditionally the windows of town pubs were of smoked or frosted glass to obscure the clientele from the street but from the 1990s onwards, there has been a move towards clear glass, in keeping with brighter interiors.

Q1: What are traditional pub windows made out of?
A1: smoked or frosted glass
Q2: What are the windows of 1990s and later pubs often made of?
A2: clear glass
Q3: Aside from beverages, what types of food do pubs typically offer?
A3: snacks
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies
Topic: History

Historically, the channel's programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. Pictures (covering films released before 1950) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986). However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. (which now controls the Turner Entertainment library and its own later films), and occasionally shows more recent films. Turner Classic Movies is a dedicated film channel and is available in United States, United Kingdom, France (TCM Cinéma), Spain (TCM España), Nordic countries, Middle East and Africa.

Q1: Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the Turner Entertainment library?
A1: 1950
Q2: Up until what month and year of release are films from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer part of the Turner Entertainment library?
A2: May 1986
Q3: What company owns TCM and Warner Bros.?
A3: Time Warner
Q4: What is Turner Classic Movies called in France?
A4: TCM Cinéma
Q5: What is the Spanish version of Turner Classic Movies?
A5: TCM España
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. Traditionally in summer and spring, Estonians like to eat everything fresh – berries, herbs, vegetables, and everything else that comes straight from the garden. Hunting and fishing have also been very common, although currently hunting and fishing are enjoyed mostly as hobbies. Today, it is also very popular to grill outside in summer.

Q1: What factors have influenced Estonian food for most of their history?
A1: seasons and simple peasant food
Q2: What are the most common foods in Estonia?
A2: black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products.
Q3: What fresh items do Estonians traditionally enjoy in summer and spring?
A3: berries, herbs, vegetables
Q4: What food gathering behaviors are now seen as hobbies in modern Estonian culture?
A4: Hunting and fishing
Title: Armenians
Topic: Geography and places

Historically, the name Armenian has come to internationally designate this group of people. It was first used by neighbouring countries of ancient Armenia. The earliest attestations of the exonym Armenia date around the 6th century BC. In his trilingual Behistun Inscription dated to 517 BC, Darius I the Great of Persia refers to Urashtu (in Babylonian) as Armina (in Old Persian; Armina (    ) and Harminuya (in Elamite). In Greek, Αρμένιοι "Armenians" is attested from about the same time, perhaps the earliest reference being a fragment attributed to Hecataeus of Miletus (476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians.

Q1: How long ago has the term 'Armenia' been used?
A1: around the 6th century BC
Q2: What is the earliest known use of 'Armenians'?
A2: 476 BC
Q3: Who wrote the earliest known use of 'Armenians'?
A3: Hecataeus of Miletus
Q4: Who described Armenian life in 401 BC?
A4: Xenophon
Q5: What did Xenophon say Armenian language sounded like?
A5: Persians
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

Historically, the paper was not overtly pro-Tory or Whig, but has been a long time bastion of the English Establishment and empire. The Times adopted a stance described as "peculiarly detached" at the 1945 general election; although it was increasingly critical of the Conservative Party's campaign, it did not advocate a vote for any one party. However, the newspaper reverted to the Tories for the next election five years later. It supported the Conservatives for the subsequent three elections, followed by support for both the Conservatives and the Liberal Party for the next five elections, expressly supporting a Con-Lib coalition in 1974. The paper then backed the Conservatives solidly until 1997, when it declined to make any party endorsement but supported individual (primarily Eurosceptic) candidates.

Q1: At the 1945 general election, The Times adopted a stance that was referred to by what name?
A1: peculiarly detached
Q2: After 1945, The Times supported what party for 5 years afterwards?
A2: Tory
Q3: What kind of political coalition did The Times support in 1974?
A3: Con-Lib coalition
Q4: From the 1970s until 1997, The Times supported what political party?
A4: Conservatives
Q5: After 1997, The Times declined from making any party endorsements however, they supported individual candidates known by what name?
A5: Eurosceptic
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic Tibetans and some other ethnic groups. According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by the six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra. Other traditional ethnic groups with significant population or with the majority of the ethnic group residing in Tibet (excluding a disputed area with India) include Bai people, Blang, Bonan, Dongxiang, Han, Hui people, Lhoba, Lisu people, Miao, Mongols, Monguor (Tu people), Menba (Monpa), Mosuo, Nakhi, Qiang, Nu people, Pumi, Salar, and Yi people.

Q1: How are the original ancestors of the Tibetan people represented?
A1: six red bands in the Tibetan flag
Q2: What has the population of Tibet primarily consisted of?
A2: ethnic Tibetans
Q3: Which country has a disputed area with Tibet?
A3: India
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of ancient India during the second half of the first millennium BCE. That was a period of social and religious turmoil, as there was significant discontent with the sacrifices and rituals of Vedic Brahmanism.[note 15] It was challenged by numerous new ascetic religious and philosophical groups and teachings that broke with the Brahmanic tradition and rejected the authority of the Vedas and the Brahmans.[note 16] These groups, whose members were known as shramanas, were a continuation of a non-Vedic strand of Indian thought distinct from Indo-Aryan Brahmanism.[note 17] Scholars have reasons to believe that ideas such as samsara, karma (in the sense of the influence of morality on rebirth), and moksha originated in the shramanas, and were later adopted by Brahmin orthodoxy.[note 18][note 19][note 20][note 21][note 22][note 23]

Q1: What time period was the beginning of Buddhism?
A1: second half of the first millennium BCE
Q2: Scholars believe that karma originated in what?
A2: the shramanas
Q3: What groups broke with Brahmanic tradition?
A3: shramanas
Q4: Shramanas were a continuation of what type of trand of Indian thought?
A4: non-Vedic
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

Historically, there has been much dispute over whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist. Ancient Greek philosophers debated the existence of a vacuum, or void, in the context of atomism, which posited void and atom as the fundamental explanatory elements of physics. Following Plato, even the abstract concept of a featureless void faced considerable skepticism: it could not be apprehended by the senses, it could not, itself, provide additional explanatory power beyond the physical volume with which it was commensurate and, by definition, it was quite literally nothing at all, which cannot rightly be said to exist. Aristotle believed that no void could occur naturally, because the denser surrounding material continuum would immediately fill any incipient rarity that might give rise to a void.

Q1: What did Aristotle believe about a void?
A1: no void could occur naturally,
Q2: What was historically disputed about vacuums?
A2: whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist.
Q3: What did something that was literally nothing at all,According to Plato, mean?
A3: cannot rightly be said to exist
Q4: Aristotle thought what would fill any rarity that might give rise to a void?
A4: denser surrounding material continuum
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

Hitler's fierce anti-Soviet rhetoric was one of the reasons why the UK and France decided that Soviet participation in the 1938 Munich Conference regarding Czechoslovakia would be both dangerous and useless. The Munich Agreement that followed marked a partial German annexation of Czechoslovakia in late 1938 followed by its complete dissolution in March 1939, which as part of the appeasement of Germany conducted by Chamberlain's and Daladier's cabinets. This policy immediately raised the question of whether the Soviet Union could avoid being next on Hitler's list. The Soviet leadership believed that the West wanted to encourage German aggression in the East and that France and Britain might stay neutral in a war initiated by Germany, hoping that the warring states would wear each other out and put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

Q1: What countries prevented the Soviets from joining the Munich Conference?
A1: UK and France
Q2: Who was the English politician who appeased Germany with the take over of Czechoslovakia
A2: Chamberlain
Q3: The soviets suspected that Nazi-Soviet conflicts would result in what?
A3: put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Hitler's interest in this strategy forced Göring and Jeschonnek to review the air war against Britain in January 1941. This led to Göring and Jeschonnek agreeing to Hitler's Directive 23, Directions for operations against the British War Economy, which was published on 6 February 1941 and gave aerial interdiction of British imports by sea top priority. This strategy had been recognised before the war, but Operation Eagle Attack and the following Battle of Britain had got in the way of striking at Britain's sea communications and diverted German air strength to the campaign against the RAF and its supporting structures. The OKL had always regarded the interdiction of sea communications of less importance than bombing land-based aircraft industries.

Q1: What was Hitler's Directive 23?
A1: Directions for operations against the British War Economy
Q2: What was a top priority of Directive 23?
A2: aerial interdiction of British imports by sea
Q3: What prevented the targeting of sea communications before?
A3: Operation Eagle Attack and the following Battle of Britain
Q4: What was considered more important than the interdiction of sea communications?
A4: bombing land-based aircraft industries
Title: Literature
Topic: Language and literature

Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal emotions. It also allows readers to access cultural aspects that they are not exposed to thus provoking new emotional experiences. Authors choose literary device according to what psychological emotion he or she is attempting to describe, thus certain literary devices are more emotionally effective than others.

Q1: How does literature unite members of a society?
A1: by provoking universal emotions
Q2: How does literature expand the horizons of its readers?
A2: allows readers to access cultural aspects that they are not exposed to
Q3: What determines what literary structure a literary author uses for expression of ideas?
A3: what psychological emotion he or she is attempting to describe
Q4: What are the levers an author uses in literature to describe a psychological emotion?
A4: literary devices
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

Hogarth then proceeds to say where and why in some detail, but no more mention is made of the classics. His analysis is geopolitical. His map delineates the Nearer East with regular lines as though surveyed. They include Iran, the Balkans, but not the Danube lands, Egypt, but not the rest of North Africa. Except for the Balkans, the region matches the later Middle East. It differs from the Ottoman Empire of the times in including Greece and Iran. Hogarth gives no evidence of being familiar with the contemporaneous initial concept of the Middle East.

Q1: What does Hogarth say in detail?
A1: where and why
Q2: Hogarth makes no mention of what?
A2: the classics
Q3: How is Hogarth's analysis?
A3: geopolitical
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium (such as the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel) are currently undergoing a process of academization. They form associations with a university and integrate research into the curriculum, which will allow them to deliver academic master's degrees.

Q1: What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees?
A1: academization
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland.

Q1: What term is used in Belgium and the Netherlands to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule?
A1: hogeschool
Title: Hokkien
Topic: Language and literature

Hokkien /hɒˈkiɛn/ (traditional Chinese: 福建話; simplified Chinese: 福建话; pinyin: Fújiànhuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn oē) or Quanzhang (Quanzhou–Zhangzhou / Chinchew–Changchew; BP: Zuánziū–Ziāngziū) is a group of mutually intelligible Min Nan Chinese dialects spoken throughout Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and by many other overseas Chinese. Hokkien originated from a dialect in southern Fujian. It is closely related to the Teochew, though mutual comprehension is difficult, and is somewhat more distantly related to Hainanese. Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien.

Q1: Where is Hokkien spoken?
A1: Southeast Asia
Q2: Where did Hokkien originate?
A2: southern Fujian
Q3: What language is Hokkien closely related to?
A3: Teochew
Q4: What language is Hokkien distantly related to?
A4: Hainanese
Q5: Min and Hakka dialects are found where?
A5: Fujian province
Title: Hokkien
Topic: Language and literature

Hokkien dialects are analytic; in a sentence, the arrangement of words is important to its meaning. A basic sentence follows the subject–verb–object pattern (i.e. a subject is followed by a verb then by an object), though this order is often violated because Hokkien dialects are topic-prominent. Unlike synthetic languages, seldom do words indicate time, gender and plural by inflection. Instead, these concepts are expressed through adverbs, aspect markers, and grammatical particles, or are deduced from the context. Different particles are added to a sentence to further specify its status or intonation.

Q1: In Hokkien dialects, the arrangent of words is important to what?
A1: meaning
Q2: What pattern does a basic Hokkien sentence follow?
A2: subject–verb–object
Q3: Being topic prominant, what basic sentence pattern is often not used?
A3: subject–verb–object
Q4: Unlike synthetic languages, what do Hokkien sentences not indicate?
A4: time, gender and plural
Q5: What is added to sentences to specify status or tone?
A5: Different particles
Title: Hokkien
Topic: Language and literature

Hokkien dialects are typically written using Chinese characters (漢字, Hàn-jī). However, the written script was and remains adapted to the literary form, which is based on classical Chinese, not the vernacular and spoken form. Furthermore, the character inventory used for Mandarin (standard written Chinese) does not correspond to Hokkien words, and there are a large number of informal characters (替字, thè-jī or thòe-jī; 'substitute characters') which are unique to Hokkien (as is the case with Cantonese). For instance, about 20 to 25% of Taiwanese morphemes lack an appropriate or standard Chinese character.

Q1: Hokkien is usually written using what characters?
A1: Chinese
Q2: Written Hokkein is based on what?
A2: classical Chinese
Q3: What is another name for standard written chinese?
A3: Mandarin
Q4: Approximately what percentage of Chinese morphemes lack a standard chinese character?
A4: 20 to 25%
Title: Hokkien
Topic: Language and literature

Hokkien has one of the most diverse phoneme inventories among Chinese varieties, with more consonants than Standard Mandarin or Cantonese. Vowels are more-or-less similar to that of Standard Mandarin. Hokkien varieties retain many pronunciations that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties. These include the retention of the /t/ initial, which is now /tʂ/ (Pinyin 'zh') in Mandarin (e.g. 'bamboo' 竹 is tik, but zhú in Mandarin), having disappeared before the 6th century in other Chinese varieties.

Q1: What Chinese dialect has more consonants than standard Mandarin or Cantonese?
A1: Hokkien
Q2: How do Hokkien vowels compare to Standard Mandarin vowels?
A2: similar
Q3: What do Hokkein varieties retain that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties?
A3: many pronunciations
Q4: Hokkien has one of the most diverse what, among Chinese varieties?
A4: phoneme inventories
Title: Hokkien
Topic: Language and literature

Hokkien originated from Quanzhou. After the Opium War in 1842, Xiamen (Amoy) became one of the major treaty ports to be opened for trade with the outside world. From mid-19th century onwards, Xiamen slowly developed to become the political and economical center of the Hokkien-speaking region in China. This caused Amoy dialect to gradually replace the position of dialect variants from Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. From mid-19th century until the end of World War II, western diplomats usually learned Amoy Hokkien as the preferred dialect if they were to communicate with the Hokkien-speaking populace in China or South-East Asia. In the 1940s and 1950s, Taiwan also held Amoy Hokkien as its standard and tended to incline itself towards Amoy dialect.

Q1: Where did Hokkein originate?
A1: Quanzhou
Q2: What year was the Opium war?
A2: 1842
Q3: What is another name for Xiamen?
A3: Amoy
Q4: What port became one of the major treaty ports after the Opium War?
A4: Xiamen
Q5: What dialect did western diplomats learn to communicate with the Hokkien speaking people in China?
A5: Amoy Hokkien
Title: Hokkien
Topic: Language and literature

Hokkien, especially Taiwanese, is sometimes written in the Latin script using one of several alphabets. Of these the most popular is Pe̍h-ōe-jī (traditional Chinese: 白話字; simplified Chinese: 白话字; pinyin: Báihuàzì). POJ was developed first by Presbyterian missionaries in China and later by the indigenous Presbyterian Church in Taiwan; use of this alphabet has been actively promoted since the late 19th century. The use of a mixed script of Han characters and Latin letters is also seen, though remains uncommon. Other Latin-based alphabets also exist.

Q1: Hokkien is sometimes written in what script?
A1: Latin
Q2: What is the name of the traditional Chinese alphabet?
A2: Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Q3: What is another name for POJ?
A3: Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Q4: Who developed POJ?
A4: Presbyterian missionaries in China
Q5: POJ alphabet has been used since late in what century?
A5: 19th
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

Holes through a PCB are typically drilled with small-diameter drill bits made of solid coated tungsten carbide. Coated tungsten carbide is recommended since many board materials are very abrasive and drilling must be high RPM and high feed to be cost effective. Drill bits must also remain sharp so as not to mar or tear the traces. Drilling with high-speed-steel is simply not feasible since the drill bits will dull quickly and thus tear the copper and ruin the boards. The drilling is performed by automated drilling machines with placement controlled by a drill tape or drill file. These computer-generated files are also called numerically controlled drill (NCD) files or "Excellon files". The drill file describes the location and size of each drilled hole.

Q1: What kind of drill bit do you need to drill holes in a PCB?
A1: coated tungsten carbide
Q2: What kind of material sometimes used for drilling will lose sharpness quickly if used for PCBs?
A2: high-speed-steel
Q3: What property do PCBs have that makes them tough to drill through?
A3: abrasive
Q4: What does the "NCD" in "NCD files" mean?
A4: numerically controlled drill
Q5: What's another name for NCD files that has an "x" in it?
A5: Excellon files
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

Holometabolism, or complete metamorphosis, is where the insect changes in four stages, an egg or embryo, a larva, a pupa and the adult or imago. In these species, an egg hatches to produce a larva, which is generally worm-like in form. This worm-like form can be one of several varieties: eruciform (caterpillar-like), scarabaeiform (grub-like), campodeiform (elongated, flattened and active), elateriform (wireworm-like) or vermiform (maggot-like). The larva grows and eventually becomes a pupa, a stage marked by reduced movement and often sealed within a cocoon. There are three types of pupae: obtect, exarate or coarctate. Obtect pupae are compact, with the legs and other appendages enclosed. Exarate pupae have their legs and other appendages free and extended. Coarctate pupae develop inside the larval skin.:151 Insects undergo considerable change in form during the pupal stage, and emerge as adults. Butterflies are a well-known example of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, although most insects use this life cycle. Some insects have evolved this system to hypermetamorphosis.

Q1: What is a complete metamorphosis called?
A1: Holometabolism
Q2: How many stages happen in complete metamorphosis?
A2: four stages
Q3: What is another word for egg?
A3: embryo
Q4: What is an imago?
A4: the adult
Q5: Name an example of an insect that undergoes complete metamorphosis?
A5: Butterflies
Title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia
Topic: History

Holt increased Australian commitment to the growing War in Vietnam, which met with some public opposition. His government oversaw conversion to decimal currency. Holt faced Britain's withdrawal from Asia by visiting and hosting many Asian leaders and by expanding ties to the United States, hosting the first visit to Australia by an American president, his friend Lyndon B. Johnson. Holt's government introduced the Migration Act 1966, which effectively dismantled the White Australia Policy and increased access to non-European migrants, including refugees fleeing the Vietnam War. Holt also called the 1967 Referendum which removed the discriminatory clause in the Australian Constitution which excluded Aboriginal Australians from being counted in the census – the referendum was one of the few to be overwhelmingly endorsed by the Australian electorate (over 90% voted 'yes'). By the end of 1967, the Liberals' initially popular support for the war in Vietnam was causing increasing public protest.

Q1: Government under whom experienced the conversion to decimal currency?
A1: Holt
Q2: Which of Holt's stances received some public opposition?
A2: commitment to the growing War in Vietnam
Q3: Which Referendum allowed Indigenous Australians to be counted in the Census?
A3: 1967 Referendum
Q4: What overhelming percent of Australians voted for the 1967 Referendum?
A4: 90%
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to "acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate" Notre Dame. He wrote, "Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football."

Q1: Which person became vice-president of Notre Dame in 1933?
A1: Father John Francis O'Hara
Q2: Who was the president of Notre Dame in 1934?
A2: Father John Francis O'Hara
Q3: Irvin Abell was given what award by Notre Dame?
A3: Laetare Medal
Q4: Which year was the Laetare Medal first given out at Notre Dame?
A4: 1883
Q5: For whos glory did Father O'Hara believed that the Notre Dame football team played?
A5: God
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

Holy Roman Empire central power had begun to decline following years of imperial adventures in Italian lands, often ceding hegemony in Western Europe to France, which had long since centralized power. France began an aggressive policy of expanding eastward, first to the rivers Rhône and Meuse, and when those borders were reached, aiming for the Rhine. In 1299, the French proposed a marriage alliance between Philip IV of France's sister Blanche and Albert I of Germany's son Rudolf, with Alsace to be the dowry; however, the deal never came off. In 1307, the town of Belfort was first chartered by the Counts of Montbéliard. During the next century, France was to be militarily shattered by the Hundred Years' War, which prevented for a time any further tendencies in this direction. After the conclusion of the war, France was again free to pursue its desire to reach the Rhine and in 1444 a French army appeared in Lorraine and Alsace. It took up winter quarters, demanded the submission of Metz and Strasbourg and launched an attack on Basel.

Q1: What were the names of the first two rivers France aggressively went to while expanding eastward?
A1: Rhône and Meuse
Q2: The French proposed a marriage between which two people?
A2: Blanche and Albert
Q3: What was the name of the period when France was crushed military?
A3: the Hundred Years' War
Q4: In what year did the French reach Alsace?
A4: 1444
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

Home-based manufacturing operations were active year round. Families willingly deployed their children in these income generating home enterprises. In many cases, men worked from home. In France, over 58 percent of garment workers operated out of their homes; in Germany, the number of full-time home operations nearly doubled between 1882 and 1907; and in the United States, millions of families operated out of home seven days a week, year round to produce garments, shoes, artificial flowers, feathers, match boxes, toys, umbrellas and other products. Children aged 5–14 worked alongside the parents. Home-based operations and child labour in Australia, Britain, Austria and other parts of the world was common. Rural areas similarly saw families deploying their children in agriculture. In 1946, Frieda Miller - then Director of United States Department of Labour - told the International Labour Organisation that these home-based operations offered, "low wages, long hours, child labour, unhealthy and insanitary working conditions."

Q1: What time were home manufactoring activities for children taking place?
A1: year round
Q2: Who did the children work beside?
A2: parents
Q3: Where were rural children employed?
A3: agriculture
Q4: What were the working conditions described as for the children employed at home?
A4: unhealthy and insanitary
Q5: In 1946 who was the Director of the United States Department of Labour?
A5: Frieda Miller
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Homer illustrated Paeon the god, and the song both of apotropaic thanksgiving or triumph.[citation needed] Such songs were originally addressed to Apollo, and afterwards to other gods: to Dionysus, to Apollo Helios, to Apollo's son Asclepius the healer. About the 4th century BCE, the paean became merely a formula of adulation; its object was either to implore protection against disease and misfortune, or to offer thanks after such protection had been rendered. It was in this way that Apollo had become recognised as the god of music. Apollo's role as the slayer of the Python led to his association with battle and victory; hence it became the Roman custom for a paean to be sung by an army on the march and before entering into battle, when a fleet left the harbour, and also after a victory had been won.

Q1: Who was Apollo's son?
A1: Asclepius
Q2: About the 4th Century BCE, what became merely a formula of adulation?
A2: paean
Q3: About the 4th Century BCE, what was the object of paean?
A3: to implore protection against disease and misfortune
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Homer pictures Apollo on the side of the Trojans, fighting against the Achaeans, during the Trojan War. He is pictured as a terrible god, less trusted by the Greeks than other gods. The god seems to be related to Appaliunas, a tutelary god of Wilusa (Troy) in Asia Minor, but the word is not complete. The stones found in front of the gates of Homeric Troy were the symbols of Apollo. The Greeks gave to him the name ἀγυιεύς agyieus as the protector god of public places and houses who wards off evil, and his symbol was a tapered stone or column. However, while usually Greek festivals were celebrated at the full moon, all the feasts of Apollo were celebrated at the seventh day of the month, and the emphasis given to that day (sibutu) indicates a Babylonian origin.

Q1: Who was a tutelary god of Wilusa?
A1: Appaliunas
Q2: When were Greek festivals celebrated?
A2: at the full moon
Q3: When were the feasts of Apollo celebrated?
A3: seventh day of the month
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

Homer refers to the "Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia, with its warriors under the command of Achilleus. The Parian Chronicle says that Phthia was the homeland of the Hellenes and that this name was given to those previously called Greeks (Γραικοί). In Greek mythology, Hellen, the patriarch of Hellenes, was son of Pyrrha and Deucalion, who ruled around Phthia, the only survivors after the great deluge. It seems that the myth was invented when the Greek tribes started to separate from each other in certain areas of Greece and it indicates their common origin. Aristotle names ancient Hellas as an area in Epirus between Dodona and the Achelous river, the location of the great deluge of Deucalion, a land occupied by the Selloi and the "Greeks" who later came to be known as "Hellenes". Selloi were the priests of Dodonian Zeus and the word probably means "sacrificers" (compare Gothic saljan, "present, sacrifice"). There is currently no satisfactory etymology of the name Hellenes. Some scholars assert that the name Selloi changed to Sellanes and then to Hellanes-Hellenes. However this etymology connects the name Hellenes with the Dorians who occupied Epirus and the relation with the name Greeks given by the Romans becomes uncertain. The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League. This was an ancient association of Greek tribes with twelve founders which was organized to protect the great temples of Apollo in Delphi (Phocis) and of Demeter near Thermopylae (Locris). According to the legend it was founded after the Trojan War by the eponymous Amphictyon, brother of Hellen.

Q1: What area is given to be the nesting point of a small group of pagans by a infamous philosopher from Greek ?
A1: Hellenes" (/ˈhɛliːnz/) as a relatively small tribe settled in Thessalic Phthia,
Q2: Who is this small group named for ?
A2: Hellen, the patriarch of Hellenes
Q3: From what mystical lineage does this name benefactor ascend from ?
A3: was son of Pyrrha and Deucalion, who ruled around Phthia, the only survivors after the great deluge.
Q4: Is the name more ancient than other group names in the area ?
A4: The name Hellenes seems to be older and it was probably used by the Greeks with the establishment of the Great Amphictyonic League.
Q5: How many orginal founding patrons are there of the Great Amphictyonic League ?
A5: with twelve founders
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

Homer uses the terms Achaeans and Danaans (Δαναοί) as a generic term for Greeks in Iliad, and they were probably a part of the Mycenean civilization. The names Achaioi and Danaoi seem to be pre-Dorian belonging to the people who were overthrown. They were forced to the region that later bore the name Achaea after the Dorian invasion. In the 5th century BC, they were redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek which was spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos. There are many controversial theories on the origin of the Achaeans. According to one view, the Achaeans were one of the fair-headed tribes of upper Europe, who pressed down over the Alps during the early Iron age (1300 BC) to southern Europe. Another theory suggests that the Peloponnesian Dorians were the Achaeans. These theories are rejected by other scholars who, based on linguistic criteria, suggest that the Achaeans were mainland pre-Dorian Greeks. There is also the theory that there was an Achaean ethnos that migrated from Asia minor to lower Thessaly prior to 2000 BC. Some Hittite texts mention a nation lying to the west called Ahhiyava or Ahhiya. Egyptian documents refer to Ekwesh, one of the groups of sea peoples who attached Egypt during the reign of Merneptah (1213-1203 BCE), who may have been Achaeans.

Q1: What interchangeable terms did Homer use in his poems for Greeks ?
A1: Achaeans and Danaans
Q2: What is believed to be the derivative of these names ?
A2: pre-Dorian
Q3: What was redefined in the 5th century about the people of these names?
A3: redefined as contemporary speakers of Aeolic Greek
Q4: Where was this origin of this redefinition ?
A4: spoken mainly in Thessaly, Boeotia and Lesbos
Q5: What was the age in 1300 BC named ?
A5: early Iron age