LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

The men's basketball team has over 1,600 wins, one of only 12 schools who have reached that mark, and have appeared in 28 NCAA tournaments. Former player Austin Carr holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the tournament with 61. Although the team has never won the NCAA Tournament, they were named by the Helms Athletic Foundation as national champions twice. The team has orchestrated a number of upsets of number one ranked teams, the most notable of which was ending UCLA's record 88-game winning streak in 1974. The team has beaten an additional eight number-one teams, and those nine wins rank second, to UCLA's 10, all-time in wins against the top team. The team plays in newly renovated Purcell Pavilion (within the Edmund P. Joyce Center), which reopened for the beginning of the 2009–2010 season. The team is coached by Mike Brey, who, as of the 2014–15 season, his fifteenth at Notre Dame, has achieved a 332-165 record. In 2009 they were invited to the NIT, where they advanced to the semifinals but were beaten by Penn State who went on and beat Baylor in the championship. The 2010–11 team concluded its regular season ranked number seven in the country, with a record of 25–5, Brey's fifth straight 20-win season, and a second-place finish in the Big East. During the 2014-15 season, the team went 32-6 and won the ACC conference tournament, later advancing to the Elite 8, where the Fighting Irish lost on a missed buzzer-beater against then undefeated Kentucky. Led by NBA draft picks Jerian Grant and Pat Connaughton, the Fighting Irish beat the eventual national champion Duke Blue Devils twice during the season. The 32 wins were the most by the Fighting Irish team since 1908-09.

Q1: How many wins does the Notre Dame men's basketball team have?
A1: over 1,600
Q2: How many schools have a similar men's basketball record to Notre Dame in terms of wins?
A2: 12
Q3: How many NCAA tournaments did the Notre Dame men's basketball team take part in?
A3: 28
Q4: Which Notre Dame men's basketball player has the record for more points in one game?
A4: Austin Carr
Q5: Who was the Notre Dame men's basketball coach in 2014?
A5: Mike Brey
Title: Sony_Music_Entertainment
Topic: Music

The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by RCA which also owned CBS rival NBC. It also started the process of bringing BMG's Arista Records back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures, a Sony division since 1989, and also brought Arista founder Clive Davis back into the fold. Davis is still with Sony Music as Chief Creative Officer.

Q1: Columbia Pictures has been owned by Sony since what year?
A1: 1989
Q2: Who is the CCO of Sony Music?
A2: Clive Davis
Title: Copper
Topic: History

The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds in various amounts, depending upon environmental conditions such as sulfur-containing acid rain. Architectural copper and its alloys can also be 'finished' to embark a particular look, feel, and/or color. Finishes include mechanical surface treatments, chemical coloring, and coatings.

Q1: What pigment color is natural to copper?
A1: green
Q2: What property does the final patina on cooper have?
A2: highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion
Q3: What mixture of compounds is the final patina?
A3: carbonate and sulfate
Q4: What conditions effect the mixture of carbonate and sulfate in copper?
A4: environmental
Q5: What can be done to copper to give it a certain look?
A5: finished
Title: Hindu_philosophy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The metaphysics in Mīmāṃsā school consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines and the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of God. Rather, it held that the soul is eternal omnipresent, inherently active spiritual essence, then focussed on the epistemology and metaphysics of dharma. To them, dharma meant rituals and duties, not devas (gods), because devas existed only in name. The Mīmāṃsākas held that the Vedas are "eternal authorless infallible", that Vedic vidhi (injunctions) and mantras in rituals are prescriptive karya (actions), and the rituals are of primary importance and merit. They considered the Upanishads and other self-knowledge, spirituality-related texts to be of secondary importance, a philosophical view that the Vedanta school disagreed with.

Q1: What type of doctrines are contained in the Mimamsa  school?
A1: atheistic and theistic
Q2: How did the Mimamsa school view the soul?
A2: eternal
Q3: What was the focus of the Mimamsa school of philosophy?
A3: dharma
Q4: How did the Mimamsa school consider dharma?
A4: rituals and duties
Q5: What school disagreed with the principles of the Mimamsa school?
A5: Vedanta school
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988, the method of execution is lethal injection. The Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana is currently the home of the only death chamber for federal death penalty recipients in the United States, where inmates are put to death by lethal injection. The complex has so far been the only location used for federal executions post-Gregg. Timothy McVeigh and Juan Garza were put to death in June 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr. was put to death on March 18, 2003.

Q1: Under what federal statute are offenses punished by lethal injection?
A1: Drug Kingpin Act of 1988
Q2: According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were convicted?
A2: Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Q3: In what state is the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute?
A3: Indiana
Q4: In what month and year was Juan Garza executed?
A4: June 2001
Q5: Who was executed by the federal government on March 18, 2003?
A5: Louis Jones, Jr.
Title: Bras%C3%ADlia
Topic: Geography and places

The metro leaves the Rodoviária (bus station) and goes south, avoiding most of the political and tourist areas. The main purpose of the metro is to serve cities, such as Samambaia, Taguatinga and Ceilândia, as well as Guará and Águas Claras. The satellite cities served are more populated in total than the Plano Piloto itself (the census of 2000 indicated that Ceilândia had 344,039 inhabitants, Taguatinga had 243,575, whereas the Plano Piloto had approximately 400,000 inhabitants), and most residents of the satellite cities depend on public transportation.

Q1: What is the Rodoviária?
A1: bus station
Q2: As of 2000, how many people lived in Ceilândia?
A2: 344,039
Q3: As of 2000, how many people lived in Taguatinga?
A3: 243,575
Q4: As of 2000, how many people lived in the Plano Piloto?
A4: approximately 400,000
Q5: What areas does Brasilia's public transit avoid?
A5: most of the political and tourist areas
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The micro plug design is rated for at least 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles, which is more than the mini plug design. The micro connector is also designed to reduce the mechanical wear on the device; instead the easier-to-replace cable is designed to bear the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection. The Universal Serial Bus Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification details the mechanical characteristics of micro-A plugs, micro-AB receptacles (which accept both micro-A and micro-B plugs), and micro-B plugs and receptacles, along with a standard-A receptacle to micro-A plug adapter.

Q1: What is the micro connector designed for?
A1: to reduce the mechanical wear on the device
Q2: What is the easier-to-replace cable designed for?
A2: to bear the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection
Q3: What is the micro-plug rated for?
A3: 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science. As Thomas Kuhn put it, the history of science may be seen in more nuanced terms, such as that of competing paradigms or conceptual systems in a wider matrix that includes intellectual, cultural, economic and political themes outside of science. "Partly by selection and partly by distortion, the scientists of earlier ages are implicitly presented as having worked upon the same set of fixed problems and in accordance with the same set of fixed canons that the most recent revolution in scientific theory and method made seem scientific."

Q1: Where did the social aspect of science originate?
A1: Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962
Q2: What idea did social science add to science as a whole?
A2: positivism did not explain the actual interactions and strategies of the human participants in science
Q3: How did Kuhn view the history of science?
A3: competing paradigms or conceptual systems
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

The mid-1970s saw the introduction of dbx-encoded records, again for the audiophile niche market. These were completely incompatible with standard record playback preamplifiers, relying on the dbx compandor encoding/decoding scheme to greatly increase dynamic range (dbx encoded disks were recorded with the dynamic range compressed by a factor of two in dB: quiet sounds were meant to be played back at low gain and loud sounds were meant to be played back at high gain, via automatic gain control in the playback equipment; this reduced the effect of surface noise on quiet passages). A similar and very short-lived scheme involved using the CBS-developed "CX" noise reduction encoding/decoding scheme.

Q1: What was required for quality playback of DBX recordings?
A1: automatic gain control
Q2: When were DBX recordings released?
A2: mid-1970s
Q3: How compatible were DBX encoded recordings with prior technologies?
A3: completely incompatible with
Q4: What was the intention of DBX encoded recordings?
A4: reduced the effect of surface noise on quiet passages
Q5: What did CBS develop in order to reduce outside noise?
A5: "CX" noise reduction
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

The mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery was reopened in 2007 by a successful trust and the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries at Weston Mill and Efford both with crematoria and chapels. There is also a privately owned cemetery on the outskirts of the city, Drake Memorial Park which does not allow headstones to mark graves, but a brass plaque set into the ground.

Q1: When did Ford Park Cemetery reopen?
A1: 2007
Q2: Along with Efford, where else does the Plymouth City Council operate a cemetery?
A2: Weston Mill
Q3: What is the name of the private cemetery in Plymouth?
A3: Drake Memorial Park
Q4: In lieu of headstones, what grave markers are used at Drake Memorial Park?
A4: a brass plaque
Q5: When did Ford Park Cemetery first operate?
A5: mid-19th century
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

The middle of summer is hot – in July and August on the coast the average temperature is usually around 33 °C (91 °F) during the day and around 22 °C (72 °F) at night (inland, in the highlands average temperature exceeds 35 °C (95 °F)) while in the June and September on the coast the average temperature is usually around 30 °C (86 °F) during the day and around 20 °C (68 °F) at night in Limassol, while is usually around 28 °C (82 °F) during the day and around 18 °C (64 °F) at night in Paphos. Large fluctuations in temperature are rare. Inland temperatures are more extreme, with colder winters and hotter summers compared with the coast of the island.

Q1: When does the middle of summer occur on Cyprus?
A1: July and August
Q2: What is the average day temperature on the coast during summer?
A2: 33 °C (91 °F)
Q3: What is the average day temperature on the coast in June and September?
A3: 30 °C (86 °F)
Q4: Where are temperatures more extreme compared to the coast of Cyprus?
A4: Inland
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

The middle up segment is mainly occupied by Metro Department Store originated from Singapore and Sogo from Japan. 2007 saw the re-opening of Jakarta's Seibu, poised to be the largest and second most upscale department store in Indonesia after Harvey Nichols, which the latter closed in 2010 and yet plans to return. Other international department stores include Debenhams and Marks & Spencer. Galeries Lafayette also joins the Indonesian market in 2013 inside Pacific Place Mall. This department store is targeting middle up market with price range from affordable to luxury, poised to be the largest upscale department store. Galeries Lafayette, Debenhams, Harvey Nichols, Marks & Spencer, Seibu and Sogo are all operated by PT. Mitra Adiperkasa.

Q1: Where did the Metro Department store originally begin?
A1: Singapore and Sogo from Japan
Q2: When did Seibu, located in Jakarta, re-open? 
A2: 2007
Q3: Where did Galeries Lafayette open in 2013, inside Indonesia? 
A3: Pacific Place Mall
Q4: Who operates the wide range of department stores in these areas?
A4: PT. Mitra Adiperkasa.
Q5: What store led the Indonesian markets until 2010 when it closed? 
A5: Harvey Nichols
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease transmission, but it has been found not to present a special risk; import of pet and domestic birds is a greater threat. Some viruses that are maintained in birds without lethal effects, such as the West Nile Virus may however be spread by migrating birds. Birds may also have a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton.

Q1: What other species does migration help?
A1: ectoparasites such as ticks and lice
Q2: What is a greater threat of disease transmission?
A2: import of pet and domestic birds
Q3: What has been studied as a mechanism of disease transmission?
A3: bird migration
Q4: What has a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton?
A4: Birds
Q5: What virus is maintained in birds without lethal effects?
A5: West Nile Virus
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.

Q1: how many tribes are credited with the creation of the modern day germans?
A1: five tribes
Q2: In modern day what is still influenced by the  five tribes?
A2: German language
Q3: What king united the tribes in the 9th century? 
A3: Charlemagne
Q4: What part of Germany became mostly Slavonic-speaking due to migration?  
A4: Eastern Germany
Q5: The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands?
A5: Roman Empire
Q6: What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity?
A6: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii
Q7: What 6th tribe is sometimes included with the original 5 German tribes?
A7: Frisians
Q8: Who united the 5 tribes?
A8: king Charlemagne
Q9: What century did King Charlemagne reign? 
A9: 9th
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The migrations and invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries disrupted trade networks around the Mediterranean. African goods stopped being imported into Europe, first disappearing from the interior and by the 7th century found only in a few cities such as Rome or Naples. By the end of the 7th century, under the impact of the Muslim conquests, African products were no longer found in Western Europe. The replacement of goods from long-range trade with local products was a trend throughout the old Roman lands that happened in the Early Middle Ages. This was especially marked in the lands that did not lie on the Mediterranean, such as northern Gaul or Britain. Non-local goods appearing in the archaeological record are usually luxury goods. In the northern parts of Europe, not only were the trade networks local, but the goods carried were simple, with little pottery or other complex products. Around the Mediterranean, pottery remained prevalent and appears to have been traded over medium-range networks, not just produced locally.

Q1: Along with Naples, what city still traded African goods in the 7th century?
A1: Rome
Q2: What event led to African goods no longer being traded in Western Europe by the end of the 7th century?
A2: Muslim conquests
Q3: What non-local goods have archaeologists typically found in Britain of this era?
A3: luxury goods
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

The military effectiveness of bombing varied. The Luftwaffe dropped around 45,000 short tons (41,000 t) of bombs during the Blitz disrupting production and transport, reducing food supplies and shaking the British morale. It also helped to support the U-Boat blockade by sinking some 58,000 long tons (59,000 t) of shipping destroyed and 450,000 long tons (460,000 t) damaged. Yet, overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period although there were significant falls during April 1941, probably influenced by the departure of workers of Easter Holidays according to the British official history. The British official history on war production noted the great impact was upon the supply of components rather than complete equipment. In aircraft production, the British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month, arguably the greatest achievement of the bombing, as it forced the dispersal of industry. In April 1941, when the targets were British ports, rifle production fell by 25%, filled-shell production by 4.6%, and in smallarms production 4.5% overall. The strategic impact on industrial cities was varied; most took from 10–15 days to recover from heavy raids, although Belfast and Liverpool took longer. The attacks against Birmingham took war industries some three months to recover fully from. The exhausted population took three weeks to overcome the effects of an attack.

Q1: The Luftwaffe used how many short tons of bombs during the Blitz?
A1: 45,000 short tons
Q2: The Luftwaffe helped the U-boats by sinking how much shipping?
A2: 58,000 long tons
Q3: How did the British production fare as a result of all the bombing?
A3: overall the British production rose steadily throughout this period
Q4: What was the greatest achievement of the bombings?
A4: British were denied the opportunity to reach the planned target of 2,500 aircraft in a month
Q5: How long was the recovery of industrial cities from raids?
A5: most took from 10–15 days
Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States
Topic: History

The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home.

Q1: What two northern Vietnamese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war?
A1: Hanoi and Haiphong
Q2: What was the major supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces?
A2: the Ho Chi Minh Trail
Q3: What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the US?
A3: William Westmoreland
Q4: Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Vietnam War?
A4: the White House
Q5: When did the US start bombing Hanoi?
A5: 1972
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Policy aim is to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state, the integrity of its land, territorial waters, airspace and its constitutional order. Current strategic goals are to defend the country's interests, develop the armed forces for interoperability with other NATO and EU member forces, and participation in NATO missions.

Q1: What name describes the combined body of all Estonia military?
A1: the Estonian Defence Forces
Q2: What is the name of Estonia's Army?
A2: Maavägi
Q3: What is the name of Estonia's Navy?
A3: Merevägi
Q4: What is the name of Estonia's Air Force?
A4: Õhuvägi
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee; names the members of the Democratic Leadership Council; chairs the Policy Committee; and heads the Steering Committee. Examples of other assignments are making "recommendations to the Speaker on all Democratic Members who shall serve as conferees" and nominating party members to the Committees on Rules and House Administration. Republican rules identify generally comparable functions for their top party leader.

Q1: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader chair?
A1: Policy Committee
Q2: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what committee does minority leader head?
A2: Steering Committee
Q3: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what campaign membership do they have?
A3: Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
Q4: According to democratic rules of the 106th congress what leadership members do they appoint?
A4: Democratic Leadership Council
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

The model also shows all the memory stores as being a single unit whereas research into this shows differently. For example, short-term memory can be broken up into different units such as visual information and acoustic information. In a study by Zlonoga and Gerber (1986), patient 'KF' demonstrated certain deviations from the Atkinson–Shiffrin model. Patient KF was brain damaged, displaying difficulties regarding short-term memory. Recognition of sounds such as spoken numbers, letters, words and easily identifiable noises (such as doorbells and cats meowing) were all impacted. Interestingly, visual short-term memory was unaffected, suggesting a dichotomy between visual and audial memory.

Q1: What are some examples of units that short-term memory can be categorized in to?
A1: visual information and acoustic information
Q2: Who performed a study in 1986 invovling a participant known as KF?
A2: Zlonoga and Gerber
Q3: What did KF disprove during this study?
A3: Atkinson–Shiffrin model.
Q4: What did KF have trouble doing?
A4: difficulties regarding short-term memory.
Q5: What did this study seem to conclude?
A5: a dichotomy between visual and audial memory.
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

The modern Conservative Party was created out of the 'Pittite' Tories of the early 19th century. In the late 1820s disputes over political reform broke up this grouping. A government led by the Duke of Wellington collapsed amidst dire election results. Following this disaster Robert Peel set about assembling a new coalition of forces. Peel issued the Tamworth Manifesto in 1834 which set out the basic principles of Conservatism; – the necessity in specific cases of reform in order to survive, but an opposition to unnecessary change, that could lead to "a perpetual vortex of agitation". Meanwhile, the Whigs, along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel, and independent Radicals, formed the Liberal Party under Lord Palmerston in 1859, and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class, under the long leadership of William Ewart Gladstone.

Q1: What was the modern Conservative party created from?
A1: the 'Pittite' Tories
Q2: Who Issued the Tamworth manifesto?
A2: Robert Peel
Q3: Which party did the Whigs, along with others form?
A3: the Liberal Party
Q4: In what year was the Tamworth manifesto introduced?
A4: 1834
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words "grass" and "grow". It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature. By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll, the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their green environments by taking on a green hue themselves as camouflage. Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald, which is colored green by its chromium content.

Q1: What, in nature, is most likely to make things green?
A1: chlorophyll
Q2: For what do some animals use the color green?
A2: camouflage
Q3: What chemical causes emeralds to be green?
A3: chromium
Q4: From which Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word is green derived?
A4: grene
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

The modern Greek theatre was born after the Greek independence, in the early 19th century, and initially was influenced by the Heptanesean theatre and melodrama, such as the Italian opera. The Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù was the first theatre and opera house of modern Greece and the place where the first Greek opera, Spyridon Xyndas' The Parliamentary Candidate (based on an exclusively Greek libretto) was performed. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the Athenian theatre scene was dominated by revues, musical comedies, operettas and nocturnes and notable playwrights included Spyridon Samaras, Dionysios Lavrangas, Theophrastos Sakellaridis and others.

Q1: Modern Greek theater began when?
A1: early 19th century
Q2: Modern Greek theater was influenced by what?
A2: Heptanesean theatre and melodrama
Q3: What was the first theater of modern Greece?
A3: Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù
Q4: What was the first Greek opera?
A4: The Parliamentary Candidate
Q5: Who created the first opera, The Parliamentary Candidate? 
A5: Spyridon Xyndas
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Yet two paternal haplogroups predominate: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a [L69.2=T/S163.2]. The frequency of Haplogroup R1a ranges from 63.39% in the Sorbs, through 56.4% in Poland, 54% in Ukraine, 52% in Russia, Belarus, to 15.2% in Republic of Macedonia, 14.7% in Bulgaria and 12.1% in Herzegovina. The correlation between R1a1a [M17] and the speakers of Indo-European languages, particularly those of Eastern Europe (Russian) and Central and Southern Asia, was noticed in the late 1990s. From this Spencer Wells and colleagues, following the Kurgan hypothesis, deduced that R1a1a arose on the Pontic-Caspian steppe.

Q1: What two DNA haplogroups predominate in modern Slavic peoples?
A1: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a
Q2: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in the Sorbs?
A2: 63.39%
Q3: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Poland?
A3: 56.4%
Q4: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Ukraine?
A4: 54%
Q5: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Russia?
A5: 52%
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

The modern Standard Chinese exonym for the ethnic Tibetan region is Zangqu (Chinese: 藏区; pinyin: Zàngqū), which derives by metonymy from the Tsang region around Shigatse plus the addition of a Chinese suffix, 区 qū, which means "area, district, region, ward". Tibetan people, language, and culture, regardless of where they are from, are referred to as Zang (Chinese: 藏; pinyin: Zàng) although the geographical term Xīzàng is often limited to the Tibet Autonomous Region. The term Xīzàng was coined during the Qing dynasty in the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (1796–1820) through the addition of a prefix meaning "west" (西 xī) to Zang.

Q1: How is the ethnic Tibetan region referred to as a modern Standard Chinese exonym?
A1: Zangqu
Q2: How do the Chinese refer to Tibetan people, language, and culture?
A2: Zang
Q3: During which dynasty was the term Xizang first used?
A3: Qing
Q4: Which Chinese suffix means "area, district, region, ward"?
A4: qū
Title: Group_(mathematics)
Topic: Mathematics

The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange, gave a criterion for the solvability of a particular polynomial equation in terms of the symmetry group of its roots (solutions). The elements of such a Galois group correspond to certain permutations of the roots. At first, Galois' ideas were rejected by his contemporaries, and published only posthumously. More general permutation groups were investigated in particular by Augustin Louis Cauchy. Arthur Cayley's On the theory of groups, as depending on the symbolic equation θn = 1 (1854) gives the first abstract definition of a finite group.

Q1: What modern concept was created from many fields of mathematics?
A1: abstract group
Q2: The journey for answers to polynomial equations of degree higher than 4 was the original motivation for what theory?
A2: group theory
Q3:  Which French mathematician expanded on earlier work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange?
A3: Évariste Galois
Q4:  Who developed a theory giving the first abstract definition of a finite group?
A4: Arthur Cayley
Title: Poultry
Topic: Natural sciences

The modern domesticated turkey is descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) found in the present Mexican states of Jalisco, Guerrero and Veracruz. Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC, and Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC. They used the feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes. More than 1,000 years later, they became an important food source. The first Europeans to encounter the bird misidentified it as a guineafowl, a bird known as a "turkey fowl" at that time because it had been introduced into Europe via Turkey.

Q1: How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from?
A1: descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey
Q2: When were turkeys first used in a domestication setting?
A2: Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC
Q3: What other purposes have the domesticated turkey been used for aside from food?
A3: feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes
Q4: When and with what culture did domesticated turkey start to appear in the United States ?
A4: Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC.
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics.

Q1: What comic strip was created by Osamu Tezuka?
A1: Sazae-san
Q2: Where were comic strip stories first serialized?
A2: magazines
Q3: What is considered the start of the modern comics in Japan?
A3: after World War II
Title: Russian_language
Topic: Language and literature

The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time. Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19th century, in particular Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov (Михаи́л Ле́рмонтов), Nikolai Gogol (Никола́й Го́голь), Aleksander Griboyedov (Алекса́ндр Грибое́дов), became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech.

Q1: Who revolutionized modern Russian?
A1: Alexander Pushkin
Q2: What did Pushkin reject from older Russian?
A2: archaic grammar and vocabulary
Q3: What was 'high style'?
A3: archaic grammar and vocabulary
Q4: What happened to some expressions in Pushkin's writing?
A4: became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

The modern period of the kingdom of Galicia began with the murder or defeat of some of the most powerful Galician lords, such as Pedro Álvarez de Sotomayor, called Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio, at the hands of the Castilian armies sent to Galicia between the years 1480 and 1486. Isabella I of Castile, considered a usurper by many Galician nobles, eradicated all armed resistance and definitively established the royal power of the Castilian monarchy. Fearing a general revolt, the monarchs ordered the banishing of the rest of the great lords like Pedro de Bolaño, Diego de Andrade or Lope Sánchez de Moscoso, among others.

Q1: Castillan armies invaded Galicia between which years?
A1: 1480 and 1486
Q2: Which powerful Galician lords did they murder?
A2: Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio
Q3: Which Castillan ruler then consolidated control over Galicia?
A3: Isabella I
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The modern petroleum industry started in 1846 with the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal by Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner. Ignacy Łukasiewicz improved Gesner's method to develop a means of refining kerosene from the more readily available "rock oil" ("petr-oleum") seeps in 1852 and the first rock oil mine was built in Bóbrka, near Krosno in Galicia in the following year. In 1854, Benjamin Silliman, a science professor at Yale University in New Haven, was the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation. These discoveries rapidly spread around the world.

Q1: When did the modern petroleum industry start? 
A1: 1846
Q2: What started the modern petroleum industry ?
A2: the discovery of the process of refining kerosene from coal
Q3: Who discovered the process of refining kerosene from coal?
A3: Nova Scotian Abraham Pineo Gesner
Q4: Who improved Gesner's  of refining kerosene from coal?
A4: Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Q5: Where was the first Rock Oil mine built?
A5: Bóbrka
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the isolation of morphine, analgesic and sleep-inducing agent from opium, by the German apothecary assistant Friedrich Sertürner, who named the compound after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus. Multinational corporations including Merck, Hoffman-La Roche, Burroughs-Wellcome (now part of Glaxo Smith Kline), Abbott Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Upjohn (now part of Pfizer) began as local apothecary shops in the mid-1800s. By the late 1880s, German dye manufacturers had perfected the purification of individual organic compounds from coal tar and other mineral sources and had also established rudimentary methods in organic chemical synthesis. The development of synthetic chemical methods allowed scientists to systematically vary the structure of chemical substances, and growth in the emerging science of pharmacology expanded their ability to evaluate the biological effects of these structural changes.

Q1: When was Morphine and Quinine first available?
A1: mid 1800s
Q2: Who was the compound named after?
A2: Morpheus
Q3: Where were was Morphine extracted from?
A3: opium
Q4: Who is responsible for purification of compounds found in mineral sources?
A4: German dye manufacturers
Q5: Who came up with the name Morphine?
A5: Friedrich Sertürner
Q6: Morphine was named after what Greek god?
A6: Morpheus
Q7: Burroughs-Wellcome is now part of what medical company?
A7: Glaxo Smith Kline
Q8: Who discovered morphine?
A8: Friedrich Sertürner
Q9: What is the name of the plant that produces morphine?
A9: opium
Title: Tennessee
Topic: Geography and places

The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlake's "Draught of the Cherokee Country" in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. (Tennessee County was the predecessor to current-day Montgomery County and Robertson County.) When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state.

Q1: Which governor is given credit for the name Tennessee as it is now spelled?
A1: James Glen
Q2: Which work by Henry Timberlake made the current spelling of Tennessee widely popular?
A2: Draught of the Cherokee Country
Q3: Which state created a county called Tennessee in 1788?
A3: North Carolina
Q4: Which two Tennessee counties cover the area that comprised North Carolina's Tennessee County?
A4: Montgomery County and Robertson County
Q5: In which year did a constitutional convention meet to form a new state out of the unincorporated territory that would become Tennessee?
A5: 1796
Title: Culture
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for human development. Samuel Pufendorf took over this metaphor in a modern context, meaning something similar, but no longer assuming that philosophy was man's natural perfection. His use, and that of many writers after him "refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism, and through artifice, become fully human".

Q1: What is the modern term "culture" based on?
A1: term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero
Q2: Who took over the metaphor used by Cicero?
A2: Samuel Pufendorf
Q3: Samuel changed something that was in the old meaning of the metaphor, what was it?
A3: no longer assuming that philosophy was man's natural perfection
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

The modernist views hold that classical music is considered primarily a written musical tradition, preserved in music notation, as opposed to being transmitted orally, by rote, or by recordings of particular performances.[citation needed] While there are differences between particular performances of a classical work, a piece of classical music is generally held to transcend any interpretation of it. The use of musical notation is an effective method for transmitting classical music, since the written music contains the technical instructions for performing the work.

Q1: What type of view is that classical music is primarily written musical tradition?
A1: modernist
Q2: Musical notation is effective for what?
A2: transmitting classical music
Q3: Why is written musical notation effective? 
A3: contains the technical instructions for performing the work
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".

Q1: Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?
A1: Thomas Cromwell
Q2: Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne?
A2: Godolphin
Q3: Who served as the head minister under Charles II?
A3: Clarendon
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

The monastic communities of the Judean Desert also decorated their monasteries with mosaic floors. The Monastery of Martyrius was founded in the end of the 5th century and it was re-discovered in 1982–85. The most important work of art here is the intact geometric mosaic floor of the refectory although the severely damaged church floor was similarly rich. The mosaics in the church of the nearby Monastery of Euthymius are of later date (discovered in 1930). They were laid down in the Umayyad era, after a devastating earthquake in 659. Two six pointed stars and a red chalice are the most important surviving features.

Q1: The churches of which desert decorated their monasteries with mosaics?
A1: the Judean
Q2: When was the Monastery of Martyrius created?
A2: the end of the 5th century
Q3: When was the Monastery of Martyrius re-discovered?
A3: in 1982–85
Q4: Where in the Monastery of Martyrius is the most important mosaic work?
A4: the refectory
Q5: What was the name of the monastery that was discovered in 1930?
A5: Monastery of Euthymius
Title: United_States_dollar
Topic: History

The monetary base consists of coins and Federal Reserve Notes in circulation outside the Federal Reserve Banks and the U.S. Treasury, plus deposits held by depository institutions at Federal Reserve Banks. The adjusted monetary base has increased from approximately 400 billion dollars in 1994, to 800 billion in 2005, and over 3000 billion in 2013. The amount of cash in circulation is increased (or decreased) by the actions of the Federal Reserve System. Eight times a year, the 12-person Federal Open Market Committee meet to determine U.S. monetary policy. Every business day, the Federal Reserve System engages in Open market operations to carry out that monetary policy. If the Federal Reserve desires to increase the money supply, it will buy securities (such as U.S. Treasury Bonds) anonymously from banks in exchange for dollars. Conversely, it will sell securities to the banks in exchange for dollars, to take dollars out of circulation.

Q1: What do coins, Federal Reserve Notes and deposits held by despository institutions make up?
A1: The monetary base
Q2: What was the monetary base value in 1994?
A2: 400 billion dollars
Q3: How much did the monetar base value increase to in 2013?
A3: over 3000 billion
Q4: How many times a year does the Federal Open Market Committee meet?
A4: Eight
Q5: What would the Federal Reserve buy to try and increase money supply?
A5: securities
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Topic: Sports and recreation

The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors. From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.

Q1: What style of logo did Chapman introduce in the 1930s?
A1: Art Deco
Q2: Of what is the early logo of Arsenal an example?
A2: corporate logo
Q3: Where is the Art Deco style badge design used prominently?
A3: Highbury Stadium
Q4: What Arsenal club nickname sometimes appeared on club shirts?
A4: The Gunners
Q5: When was the white canon logo replaced with the club crest?
A5: 1990s
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

The monsoon can begin any time from mid-June to late July, with an average start date around July 3. It typically continues through August and sometimes into September. During the monsoon, the humidity is much higher than the rest of the year. It begins with clouds building up from the south in the early afternoon followed by intense thunderstorms and rainfall, which can cause flash floods. The evening sky at this time of year is often pierced with dramatic lightning strikes. Large areas of the city do not have storm sewers, so monsoon rains flood the main thoroughfares, usually for no longer than a few hours. A few underpasses in Tucson have "feet of water" scales painted on their supports to discourage fording by automobiles during a rainstorm. Arizona traffic code Title 28-910, the so-called "Stupid Motorist Law", was instituted in 1995 to discourage people from entering flooded roadways. If the road is flooded and a barricade is in place, motorists who drive around the barricade can be charged up to $2000 for costs involved in rescuing them. Despite all warnings and precautions, however, three Tucson drivers have drowned between 2004 and 2010.

Q1: What year did the "Stupid Motorist Law" come in effect?
A1: 1995
Q2: How much can a motorist be charged for needing to be rescued after ignoring safety precautions? 
A2: 2000
Q3: A monsoon can last into what month?
A3: September
Q4: What is usually higher during a monsoon compared throughout the rest of the year?
A4: humidity
Q5: What could you say is the average start for a monsoon?
A5: July 3
Q6: When was the "Stupid Motorist Law" passed?
A6: 1995
Q7: What is the legal name of the "Stupid Motorist Law"?
A7: Arizona traffic code Title 28-910
Q8: How much can the "Stupid Motorist Law" charge people for being rescued?
A8: up to $2000
Q9: When does Tucson's monsoon usually start?
A9: around July 3
Q10: How long does Tucson's monsoon last?
A10: through August and sometimes into September