LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Catholics may be ordained to the priesthood after a period of study.

Q1: If done properly, what Protestant practice does the Catholic Church recognize?
A1: baptism
Q2: What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes?
A2: marriage
Q3: Who can become ordained to the Catholic priesthood after a period of study?
A3: Protestant ministers who become Catholics
Q4: Protestants who want full communion with the Catholic Church do not have to be what?
A4: re-baptized
Q5: Why does the Catholic Church not recognize the ordination of Protestant ministers?
A5: the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.

Q1: What document declared the upgrade of University College at Highfield?
A1: Royal Charter
Q2: What is the new name of University College at Highfield?
A2: University of Southampton
Q3: When did Southampton officially become a city?
A3: 1964
Q4: In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name?
A4: 1952
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.

Q1: Which person oversaw the creation of a science hall at Notre Dame in 1883?
A1: Fr. Zahm
Q2: In what year did the student union building at Notre Dame get renamed to LaFortune Center?
A2: 1950
Q3: After which individual was the LaFortune Center Notre Dame named?
A3: Joseph LaFortune
Q4: How large in square feet is the LaFortune Center at Notre Dame?
A4: 83,000 square feet
Q5: What is the annual budget of Notre Dame's LaFortune Center?
A5: $1.2 million
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August. The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.

Q1: In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor?
A1: 1525
Q2: Who commanded the Spanish expedition?
A2: Estêvão Gomes
Q3: What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes?
A3: Portuguese
Q4: What monarch did Estêvão Gomes serve?
A4: Charles V
Q5: What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship?
A5: La Anunciada
Q6: The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes?
A6: Rio de San Antonio
Q7: What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast?
A7: Padrón Real
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.

Q1: Who organized the Spanish expedition?
A1: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala
Q2: What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?
A2: 22 January 1724
Q3: Who was one significant early italian resident? 
A3: Jorge Burgues
Title: YouTube
Topic: Engineering and technology

A TiVo service update in July 2008 allowed the system to search and play YouTube videos. In January 2009, YouTube launched "YouTube for TV", a version of the website tailored for set-top boxes and other TV-based media devices with web browsers, initially allowing its videos to be viewed on the PlayStation 3 and Wii video game consoles. In June 2009, YouTube XL was introduced, which has a simplified interface designed for viewing on a standard television screen. YouTube is also available as an app on Xbox Live. On November 15, 2012, Google launched an official app for the Wii, allowing users to watch YouTube videos from the Wii channel. An app is also available for Wii U and Nintendo 3DS, and videos can be viewed on the Wii U Internet Browser using HTML5. Google made YouTube available on the Roku player on December 17, 2013 and in October 2014, the Sony PlayStation 4.

Q1: What service was able to search and play youtube videos as of 2008?
A1: TiVo
Q2: What did youtube launch in Jan of 2009?
A2: YouTube for TV
Q3: later in 2009 what service replaced youtube for TV
A3: YouTube XL
Q4: Google made youtube streamable on what gaming console in DEC. of 2013?
A4: the Roku player
Q5: When did youtube finally become available on the Playstation 4?
A5: October 2014
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the "other Muslims" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former.

Q1: What Turko-Mongol attacked and defeated the Sultan of Tughlaq dynasty?
A1: Timur
Q2: On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan?
A2: 17 December 1398
Q3: In what shape did Timur leave the city of Delhi?
A3: in ruins
Q4: How many prisoners of war were executed in the sack of Delhi?
A4: 100,000
Q5: What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked?
A5: sayyids
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily lives. This study examined 17 subjects, (average age 53) with normal memory performance. Eight subjects were asked to follow a "brain healthy" diet, relaxation, physical, and mental exercise (brain teasers and verbal memory training techniques). After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. No long term follow up was conducted, it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

Q1: Can one increase their brain efficency?
A1: people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency
Q2: What can a person do to increase their brain efficiency?
A2: simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction
Q3: In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have?
A3: After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance.
Q4: Do lifestyle changes definitely have an affect on long term memory?
A4: it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

A USB packet's end, called EOP (end-of-packet), is indicated by the transmitter driving 2 bit times of SE0 (D+ and D− both below max.) and 1 bit time of J state. After this, the transmitter ceases to drive the D+/D− lines and the aforementioned pull up resistors hold it in the J (idle) state. Sometimes skew due to hubs can add as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet. This extra bit can also result in a "bit stuff violation" if the six bits before it in the CRC are 1s. This bit should be ignored by receiver.

Q1: What is a USB packet's end called?
A1: EOP (end-of-packet)
Q2: What can skew due to hubs add?
A2: as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet
Q3: What can this extra bit result in?
A3: "bit stuff violation
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastity that was strictly enforced: a Vestal polluted by the loss of her chastity while in office was buried alive. Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.

Q1: What vow was required of Vestals?
A1: chastity
Q2: What was the punishment for the loss of a Vestal's chastity?
A2: buried alive
Q3: What was a Vestal expected to be to her duties?
A3: devoted
Q4: How were the Vestals' devotion to Rome's security viewed to be ?
A4: essential
Q5: What was the honor granted a Vestal ?
A5: religious
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

A Yagi-Uda array uses passive elements to greatly increase gain. It is built along a support boom that is pointed toward the signal, and thus sees no induced signal and does not contribute to the antenna's operation. The end closer to the source is referred to as the front. Near the rear is a single active element, typically a half-wave dipole or folded dipole. Passive elements are arranged in front (directors) and behind (reflectors) the active element along the boom. The Yagi has the inherent quality that it becomes increasingly directional, and thus has higher gain, as the number of elements increases. However, this also makes it increasingly sensitive to changes in frequency; if the signal frequency changes, not only does the active element receive less energy directly, but all of the passive elements adding to that signal also decrease their output as well and their signals no longer reach the active element in-phase.

Q1: What can take advantage of these elements to add more gain?
A1: Yagi-Uda array
Q2: Does this device improve the operation of the antenna?
A2: does not contribute
Q3: What is the name for passive elements nearer to the source of the signal?
A3: directors
Q4: Adding more elements to a Yagi-Uda would have what effect?
A4: increasingly directional
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004
Topic: History

A ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36, would have changed the way in which the state apportions its electoral votes. Rather than assigning all 9 of the state's electors to the candidate with a plurality of popular votes, under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system (Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district). Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College, and the amendment ultimately failed, receiving only 34% of the vote.

Q1: What action suggested by a state, would have affecting the outcome of the electoral votes?
A1: ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36
Q2: What unique change to the electoral voting process did Colorado suggest should happen?
A2: under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system
Q3: Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts?
A3: Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district)
Q4: Did everyone agree that Amendment 36 was a good idea?
A4: Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College
Q5: Did Amendment 36 get passed?
A5: the amendment ultimately failed
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe. Local limestone may be seen in numerous buildings, walls and pavements throughout Plymouth. To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth. Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals. There is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt at the south edge of Plymouth and in Plymstock was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford.

Q1: Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?
A1: Cremyll
Q2: What location north of the city possesses granite?
A2: Dartmoor
Q3: What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth?
A3: Tamar
Q4: Along with West Hoe and Radford, where was Middle Devonian limestone quarried in the region?
A4: Cattedown
Q5: What local stone was used in the construction of many Plymouth buildings?
A5: limestone
Title: Poultry
Topic: Natural sciences

A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of Bantam in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs. They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.

Q1: What breed of chicken is named after a town in Java ?
A1: A bantam
Q2: How are bantams different from other chickens?
A2: A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart
Q3: Do bantams lay regular sized eggs ?
A3: Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs
Q4: Where are bantams kept?
A4: kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

A bare proton, H+, cannot exist in solution or in ionic crystals, because of its unstoppable attraction to other atoms or molecules with electrons. Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. However, the term 'proton' is sometimes used loosely and metaphorically to refer to positively charged or cationic hydrogen attached to other species in this fashion, and as such is denoted "H+" without any implication that any single protons exist freely as a species.

Q1: What is another term for a bare proton?
A1: H+
Title: Strasbourg
Topic: Geography and places

A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstett, Fort Bismarck (now Fort Kléber) in Wolfisheim, Fort Kronprinz (now Fort Foch) in Niederhausbergen, Fort Kronprinz von Sachsen (now Fort Joffre) in Holtzheim and Fort Großherzog von Baden (now Fort Frère) in Oberhausbergen.

Q1: What was established around the city?  
A1: fortifications
Q2: Where is Fort Podbielski located?
A2: Mundolsheim
Q3: Where is Fort Bismark located?
A3: Wolfisheim
Q4: Where is for Kronprinz von Sachsen located?
A4: Holtzheim
Q5: Where is Fort Roon Located?
A5: Mundolsheim
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

A boy who is late for any division or other appointment may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7.35am and 7.45am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days). Tardy Book may also be issued for late work. For more serious misdeeds, a boy is summoned from his lessons to the Head Master, or Lower Master if the boy is in the lower two years, to talk personally about his misdeeds. This is known as the "Bill". The most serious misdeeds may result in expulsion, or rustication (suspension). Conversely, should a master be more than 15 minutes late for a class, traditionally the pupils might claim it as a "run" and absent themselves for the rest of its duration.

Q1: What term is used if a master is more than 15 minutes late to a class?
A1: a "run"
Q2: Where is the "Tardy Book" kept?
A2: School Office
Q3: How long is the typical punishment for being tardy?
A3: typically three days
Q4: When a boy is summoned to the Head Master, what is the experience called?
A4: the "Bill"
Q5: What is another term for rustication?
A5: suspension
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

A brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during this time ended in the early 1890s with a severe depression of the city's economy, sending the local finance and property industries into a period of chaos during which 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies went into liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor in the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893. The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no new construction until the late 1890s.

Q1: When did severe depression hit Melbourne's city?
A1: 1890s
Q2: What went into liquidation in Melbourne around the 1890's?
A2: 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies
Q3: When did new construction start in Melbourne?
A3: late 1890s
Q4: When did Australia have a banking crisis?
A4: 1893.
Q5: During what decade did Melbourne suffer a sever economic depression?
A5: early 1890s
Q6: How many "land banks" and building societies collapsed during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?
A6: 16
Q7: How many limited companies went into liquidation during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?
A7: 133
Q8: The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor to what banking crisis in 1893?
A8: Australian
Q9: When did new construction start to reimerge after the early 1890s depression in Melbourne?
A9: late 1890s
Title: Pub
Topic: History

A brewery tap is the nearest outlet for a brewery's beers. This is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, though the name may be applied to the nearest pub. The term is not applied to a brewpub which brews and sells its beer on the same premises.

Q1: What is the closest outlet for a brewery's beers called?
A1: A brewery tap
Q2: If the brewery tap is not located in the brewery, where is it usually located?
A2: the nearest pub
Q3: What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer?
A3: brewpub
Title: Spectre_(2015_film)
Topic: Media and drama

A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross. The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed. Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden. Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square. In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river.

Q1: Which bridges were shut down because of filming?
A1: Westminster and Lambeth Bridges
Q2: Which organization provided water for weather effects?
A2: London Fire Brigade
Q3: Which river was used in some of the shoots taking place in London?
A3: Thames
Q4: Where is MI6 based?
A4: Vauxhall Cross
Q5: Filming closed which two bridges in London?
A5: Westminster and Lambeth Bridges
Q6: Who helped the filmakers simulate rain while shooting in London?
A6: The London Fire Brigade
Q7: Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot?
A7: Covent Garden.
Q8: Where stunt scenes on the Thames shot during the day or the night?
A8: night
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather than their specific DNA loci, with regulatory elements classified as gene-associated regions.

Q1: What sort of definition can be used to conveniently encompass the complexity of diverse phenomena?
A1: A broad operational definition
Q2: What is the broad operational definition of a gene?
A2: a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products
Q3: What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by?
A3: their specific DNA loci
Q4: What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by?
A4: their functional products (proteins or RNA)
Q5: What does the broad operational definition of a gene classify as gene-associated regions?
A5: regulatory elements
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this transition varies drastically by culture. In some countries, such as the United States, adolescence can last nearly a decade, but in others, the transition—often in the form of a ceremony—can last for only a few days.

Q1: The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what?
A1: adolescence
Q2: How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts?
A2: nearly a decade
Q3: Does the time frame of adolescence vary from culture to culture or remain universally agreed upon?
A3: varies drastically by culture
Q4: Leaving school, starting a full-time job, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time are markers in what stage of one's development, according to Hogan & Astone?
A4: adolescence
Title: Web_browser
Topic: Engineering and technology

A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions.

Q1: A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what?
A1: browser extension
Title: Hanover
Topic: History

A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik.

Q1: What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG?
A1: A cabinet of coins
Q2: What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany?
A2: Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen
Q3: Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient?
A3: Oriental Carpet Museum
Q4: Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum?
A4: Berlin
Q5: What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust?
A5: Modern art
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

Q1: What was a capacitor originally known as?
A1: a condenser
Q2: How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum?
A2: two electrical conductors
Q3: What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can store energy by becoming polarized?
A3: a dielectric
Q4: In what form does a capacitor store energy?
A4: the form of an electrostatic field
Q5: Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located?
A5: between its plates
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field. In SI units, a capacitance of one farad means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device.

Q1: What type of area is between the two conductors in a capacitor?
A1: a non-conductive region
Q2: What is the name given to the area between two conductors in a capacitor?
A2: the dielectric
Q3: What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have?
A3: no net electric charge
Q4: What type of charges do conductors hold on their facing surfaces?
A4: equal and opposite charges
Q5: What region within a capacitor develops an electric field?
A5: the dielectric
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.

Q1: What does A cappella mean in the Italian language?
A1: in the manner of the chapel
Q2: What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?
A2: alla breve
Q3: At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again?
A3: 19th century
Q4: How is A cappella currently defined?
A4: group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment
Q5: A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles?
A5: Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theater that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theaters in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. The first was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994 and ran for 77 performances. It was produced by Playwrights Horizons with book by John Jiler, music and lyrics by Ray Leslee. The musical style of the show's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s.

Q1: How many works of a cappella in musical theater have been successful in Off-Broadway productions?
A1: four
Q2: What was the name of the a cappella musical that first opened 28 January 1994?
A2: Avenue X
Q3: What time period was Avenue X set in?
A3: the 1960s
Q4: What was the final number of performances in Avenue X's original run?
A4: 77
Q5: Who was responsible for the lyrics of Avenue X?
A5: Ray Leslee
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the University of Maryland, formed in 2001. Also, Dil se, another co-ed a cappella from UC Berkeley, hosts the "Anahat" competition at the University of California, Berkeley annually. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the University of Michigan hosts "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella", an annual South Asian a cappella invitational with various groups from the Midwest.

Q1: Whas is the name of the ethnic a capella group founded at the University of Pennsylvania in 1996?
A1: Penn Masala
Q2: Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent?
A2: South Asians
Q3: What is the name of the first South Asian a capella group to accept both men and women?
A3: Anokha
Q4: What a capella competition is hosted at UC Berkeley?
A4: Anahat
Q5: What group hosts the a capella competition "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella"?
A5: Maize Mirchi
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. Jewish and Christian music were originally a cappella,[citation needed] and this practice has continued in both of these religions as well as in Islam.

Q1: What form of music was A cappella predominately used for in its early years?
A1: religious music
Q2: What was considered part of A cappella until the Baroque period?
A2: The madrigal
Q3: The madrigal became what type of form that prevented it from being accompanied with A cappella?
A3: instrumentally-accompanied
Q4: In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella?
A4: Renaissance
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

A cardinal (Latin: sanctae romanae ecclesiae cardinalis, literally cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, an ecclesiastical prince, and usually (now always for those created when still within the voting age-range) an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. The cardinals of the Church are collectively known as the College of Cardinals. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and making themselves available individually or in groups to the Pope as requested. Most have additional duties, such as leading a diocese or archdiocese or managing a department of the Roman Curia. A cardinal's primary duty is electing the pope when the see becomes vacant. During the sede vacante (the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor), the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to enter the conclave of cardinals where the pope is elected is limited to those who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs.

Q1: The entire group of cardinals is known as what?
A1: College of Cardinals
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and bishops who are not cardinals, but he cannot perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination. The prominent priests who since 1962 were not ordained bishops on their elevation to the cardinalate were over the age of 80 or near to it, and so no cardinal who was not a bishop has participated in recent papal conclaves.

Q1: A cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" may not do what?
A1: perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination
Q2: Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year?
A2: 1962
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap of 12,000 km (7,456 mi). Large animals such as some cetaceans and birds make the round trip annually. More surprising are small forms of life such as mudworms, sea cucumbers and free-swimming snails found in both polar oceans. Various factors may aid in their distribution – fairly uniform temperatures of the deep ocean at the poles and the equator which differ by no more than 5 °C, and the major current systems or marine conveyor belt which transport eggs and larval stages.

Q1: Part of what study is the census of Antarctic marine life?
A1: Census of Marine Life
Q2: When was the census of sea life carried out in Antarctica?
A2: International Polar Year
Q3: How many sea animals live in Earth's polar regions?
A3: 235
Q4: Besides birds, what large animals travel from one pole to the other?
A4: cetaceans
Q5: What is the amount of difference in temperature  in the deep ocean?
A5: 5 °C
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A central teaching of Jehovah's Witnesses is that the current world era, or "system of things", entered the "last days" in 1914 and faces imminent destruction through intervention by God and Jesus Christ, leading to deliverance for those who worship God acceptably. They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with "Babylon the Great", or the "harlot", of Revelation 17, and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. This development will mark the beginning of the "great tribulation". Satan will subsequently attack Jehovah's Witnesses, an action that will prompt God to begin the war of Armageddon, during which all forms of government and all people not counted as Christ's "sheep", or true followers, will be destroyed. After Armageddon, God will extend his heavenly kingdom to include earth, which will be transformed into a paradise similar to the Garden of Eden. After Armageddon, most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during "judgment day" lasting for one thousand years. This judgment will be based on their actions after resurrection rather than past deeds. At the end of the thousand years, Christ will hand all authority back to God. Then a final test will take place when Satan is released to mislead perfect mankind. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race.

Q1: One of Jehovah Witnesses' central teachings is that the world entered into its last days at what year?
A1: 1914
Q2: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider all other present day religions to be?
A2: false
Q3: Who do Jehovah Witnesses think is out to destroy them?
A3: the United Nations
Q4: Who needs to attack Jehovah Witnesses for God to begin the war of Armageddon?
A4: Satan
Q5: What will be the end result of God's kingdom?
A5: a fully tested, glorified human race
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances. For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees. In England and Wales, charities may be registered with the Charity Commission. In Scotland, the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator serves the same function. Other organizations which are classified as nonprofit organizations elsewhere, such as trade unions, are subject to separate regulations, and are not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense.

Q1: What is the definition of a charity?
A1: nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances
Q2: Where are charity organizations registered in England and Wales?
A2: Charity Commission
Q3: Where would an NPO or charity organization register in Scotland?
A3: Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator
Q4: What is one of the contraints of an NPO with regards to assets?
A4: generally not allowed to pay its Trustees
Q5: Is a trade union governed by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator?
A5: not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion. The propulsion can be done by an electric or a combustion engine. Climbing elevators are used in guyed masts or towers, in order to make easy access to parts of these constructions, such as flight safety lamps for maintenance. An example would be the Moonlight towers in Austin, Texas, where the elevator holds only one person and equipment for maintenance. The Glasgow Tower — an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland — also makes use of two climbing elevators.

Q1: What defines a climbing elevator?
A1: a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion
Q2: What settings are climbing elevators used in?
A2: guyed masts or towers
Q3: What is the Glasgow Tower?
A3: an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland
Q4: How is the propulsion powered in a climbing elevator?
A4: by an electric or a combustion engine
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982. He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994. Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation. His donations include the Oscars that Bette Davis received for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938), and Clark Gable's Oscar for It Happened One Night (1934).

Q1: When was Citizen Kane released?
A1: 1941
Q2: When was 'The War of the Worlds' radio broadcast?
A2: 1938
Q3: When did Spielberg buy a sled from Citizen Kane?
A3: 1982
Q4: When did Spielberg buy Orson Welles' personal script copy from 'The War of the Worlds'?
A4: 1994
Q5: What does Spielberg do with Academy Awards he buys?
A5: donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, located in the wealthy enclave known as Starr Pass. Moving past the Tucson Mountains, travelers find themselves in the area commonly referred to as "west of" Tucson or "Old West Tucson". A large undulating plain extending south into the Altar Valley, rural residential development predominates, but here you will also find major attractions including Saguaro National Park West, the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and the Old Tucson Studios movie set/theme park.

Q1: What interstate is the West side west of? 
A1: I-10
Q2: What is the name of the movie set in Old West Tuscon?
A2: Old Tucson Studios
Q3: What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon?
A3: Saguaro National Park West
Q4: What is the museum in Old West Tuscon? 
A4: Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum
Q5: The Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa is located where?
A5: Starr Pass
Q6: What part of Tucson is considered the West Side?
A6: the area west of I-10
Q7: What museum is in Western Tucson?
A7: International Wildlife Museum
Q8: What resort is in Western Tucson?
A8: Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa
Q9: What neighborhood is the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa in?
A9: Starr Pass
Q10: What theme park is in Old West Tucson?
A10: Old Tucson Studios
Title: Namibia
Topic: Social sciences and society

A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was "Free and Fair Elections". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair.

Q1: What does UNTAG stand for?
A1: United Nations Transition Assistance Group
Q2: Who was the diplomat for UNTAG?
A2: Martti Ahtisaari
Q3: What nationality was the diplomat in UNTAG?
A3: Finnish
Q4: When was the diplomat for UNTAG deployed to supervise withdrawals from Namibia?
A4: April 1989 to March 1990
Q5: What was the official election slogan in the first Namibia election?
A5: Free and Fair Elections
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

A commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system first established by Emperor Wu. The head of a large county of about 10,000 households was called a Prefect, while the heads of smaller counties were called Chiefs, and both could be referred to as Magistrates. A Magistrate maintained law and order in his county, registered the populace for taxation, mobilized commoners for annual corvée duties, repaired schools and supervised public works.

Q1: What individual was typically in charge of a commandery?
A1: an Administrator
Q2: Around how many households was a Prefect responsible for?
A2: 10,000
Q3: What individual was responsible for law and maintaining order in the county?
A3: A Magistrate
Q4: What Emperor initially created the quota system?
A4: Emperor Wu
Q5: Who was in charge of counties that had fewer than 10,000 people in them?
A5: Chiefs
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A common application of a torque motor would be the supply- and take-up reel motors in a tape drive. In this application, driven from a low voltage, the characteristics of these motors allow a relatively constant light tension to be applied to the tape whether or not the capstan is feeding tape past the tape heads. Driven from a higher voltage, (and so delivering a higher torque), the torque motors can also achieve fast-forward and rewind operation without requiring any additional mechanics such as gears or clutches. In the computer gaming world, torque motors are used in force feedback steering wheels.

Q1: How are torque motors used in computer gaming?
A1: feedback steering wheels
Q2: A torque motor at low voltage provides what?
A2: constant light tension
Q3: A torque motor at high voltage provides what?
A3: higher torque
Q4: In a tape drive, what is not needed if a torque motor is used?
A4: gears or clutches
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now being required to become a web application, which must render in a web browser). For example, in the case of a lack of backward compatibility, this can occur because the programmers develop and test software only on the latest version of the target environment, which not all users may be running. This results in the unintended consequence that the latest work may not function on earlier versions of the target environment, or on older hardware that earlier versions of the target environment was capable of using. Sometimes such issues can be fixed by proactively abstracting operating system functionality into a separate program module or library.

Q1: What is the most common reason for software failure?
A1: compatibility with other application software
Q2: What do developers commonly do when creating software that can lead to failures?
A2: lack of backward compatibility
Q3: What is the most common cause for software failure?
A3: lack of its compatibility with other application software
Q4: What often lacks in software developed when its released that can eventually lead to errors?
A4: a lack of backward compatibility
Q5: What does backwards compatibility always seem to be the cause of errors and bugs after a release?
A5: test software only on the latest version of the target environment