LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Instead, it is often desired to have an antenna whose impedance does not vary so greatly over a certain bandwidth. It turns out that the amount of reactance seen at the terminals of a resonant antenna when the frequency is shifted, say, by 5%, depends very much on the diameter of the conductor used. A long thin wire used as a half-wave dipole (or quarter wave monopole) will have a reactance significantly greater than the resistive impedance it has at resonance, leading to a poor match and generally unacceptable performance. Making the element using a tube of a diameter perhaps 1/50 of its length, however, results in a reactance at this altered frequency which is not so great, and a much less serious mismatch which will only modestly damage the antenna's net performance. Thus rather thick tubes are typically used for the solid elements of such antennas, including Yagi-Uda arrays.

Q1: What characteristic would be better if it were steady?
A1: reactance
Q2: What characteristic of the conductor changes the amount of reactance?
A2: diameter
Q3: What would be used to create a half wave or quarter wave dipole?
A3: A long thin wire
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Instead, the donated money was expended through "counterfeit drugs, siphoning off of drugs to the black market, and payments to ghost employees". Ultimately, there is a sufficient amount of money for health in developing countries, but local corruption denies the wider citizenry the resource they require.

Q1: What kind of employees received payments?
A1: ghost employees
Q2: Where were drugs siphoned off to?
A2: the black market
Q3: In addition to ghost employees and the black market receiving drugs, what other way was money expended?
A3: counterfeit drugs
Q4: If local corruption did not exist, there would be enough what to help the people in these countries needing medical help?
A4: money
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark. (A revised version of the proposed reforms was subsequently given assent.) In 2011, campaigners against a law that sought to reduce the number of senators in the states of Jersey petitioned the Privy Council to advise the Queen to refuse royal assent. An Order in Council of 13 July 2011 established new rules for the consideration of petitions against granting royal assent.

Q1: The sovereign grants assent by which order?
A1: Order in Council
Q2: Who advises the sovereign in this decision?
A2: Lord Chancellor
Q3: Which recent petition for reforms to the constitution led to assent being refused?
A3: Chief Pleas of Sark
Q4: Who advises a bill to be granted or refused?
A4: Lord Chancellor
Q5: When was an Order in Counil passed that laid out new rules for consideration of petitions against the royal assent?
A5: 13 July 2011
Q6: In what year did the Lord Chancellor refuse to present a law  concerning constituational reform for assent?
A6: 2007
Q7: What was the subject of the bill that the Lord Chancellor refused to present for royal assent in 2007?
A7: reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

Institute of Medicine, the central college of Tribhuwan University is the first medical college of Nepal and is located in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. It was established in 1972 and started to impart medical education from 1978. A number of medical colleges including Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal Medical College, KIST Medical College, Nepal Army Institute of Health Sciences, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), are also located in or around Kathmandu.

Q1: Of what university is the Institute of Medicine a constituent college?
A1: Tribhuwan
Q2: In what part of Kathmandu is the Institute of Medicine found?
A2: Maharajgunj
Q3: When did the Institute of Medicine begin to offer education in medicine?
A3: 1978
Q4: What does KUSMS stand for?
A4: Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
Q5: What institution of tertiary education is known as NAMS?
A5: National Academy of Medical Sciences
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Institute of technology (also: university of technology, polytechnic university, technikon, and technical college) is a designation employed for a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable levels of the educational system. It may be an institution of higher education and advanced engineering and scientific research or professional vocational education, specializing in science, engineering, and technology or different sorts of technical subjects. It may also refer to a secondary education school focused in vocational training.[citation needed] The term institute of technology is often abbreviated IT and is not to be confused with information technology.

Q1: What's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology?
A1: IT
Title: Hyderabad
Topic: Geography and places

Institutes in Hyderabad include the National Institute of Rural Development, the Indian School of Business, the Institute of Public Enterprise, the Administrative Staff College of India and the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy. Technical and engineering schools include the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad (IIITH), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Hyderabad (BITS Hyderabad) and Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H) as well as agricultural engineering institutes such as the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. Hyderabad also has schools of fashion design including Raffles Millennium International, NIFT Hyderabad and Wigan and Leigh College. The National Institute of Design, Hyderabad (NID-H), will offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses from 2015.

Q1: What type of school is Raffles Millennium International?
A1: fashion design
Q2: What is the school otherwise known as IIT-H?
A2: Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad
Q3: There is a research institute in Hyderabad known as ICRISAT, what does the acronym represent?
A3: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Q4: What type of is Wigan and Leigh College?
A4: fashion design
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Institutes of technology in Venezuela were developed in the 1950s as an option for post-secondary education in technical and scientific courses, after the polytechnic French concepts. At that time, technical education was considered essential for the development of a sound middle class economy.

Q1: What type of economy was technical education in Venezuela intended to support?
A1: middle class
Q2: When did Venezuela begin to create institutes of technology?
A2: 1950s
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring.

Q1: What is the name of Thammasat University's engineering school?
A1: Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology
Q2: What is Thailand's only government-established and owned institute of technology?
A2: Suranaree University of Technology
Q3: What year was Suranaree University of Technology founded?
A3: 1989
Q4: What is the name of the best-known private institute of technology in Thailand?
A4: Mahanakorn University of Technology
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Instruction is the facilitation of another's learning. Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. Instructors in post-secondary institutions might be called teachers, instructors, or professors, depending on the type of institution; and they primarily teach only their specific discipline. Studies from the United States suggest that the quality of teachers is the single most important factor affecting student performance, and that countries which score highly on international tests have multiple policies in place to ensure that the teachers they employ are as effective as possible. With the passing of NCLB in the United States (No Child Left Behind), teachers must be highly qualified. A popular way to gauge teaching performance is to use student evaluations of teachers (SETS), but these evaluations have been criticized for being counterproductive to learning and inaccurate due to student bias.

Q1: What is another term used for instructors?
A1: teachers
Q2: What are the main subjects that are covered by the instructor?
A2: reading, writing, mathematics, science and history
Q3: In the United States what is considered the single most important factor in a child's education?
A3: quality of teachers
Title: Unicode
Topic: Engineering and technology

Instructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properly output different character sequences. A simple solution to the placement of combining marks or diacritics is assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing (depending on the direction of the script they are intended to be used with). A mark handled this way will appear over whatever character precedes it, but will not adjust its position relative to the width or height of the base glyph; it may be visually awkward and it may overlap some glyphs. Real stacking is impossible, but can be approximated in limited cases (for example, Thai top-combining vowels and tone marks can just be at different heights to start with). Generally this approach is only effective in monospaced fonts, but may be used as a fallback rendering method when more complex methods fail.

Q1: where are instructions embedded to tell fonts how to output sequences? 
A1: in fonts
Q2: Can real stacking be accomplished? 
A2: Real stacking is impossible
Q3: what is a solution to the placement of combining marks? 
A3: assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther (1483–1546), Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin (1509–1564) and John Wesley (1703–1791). Alexander Campbell referred to the use of an instrument in worship as "a cow bell in a concert". In Sir Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian, the heroine, Jeanie Deans, a Scottish Presbyterian, writes to her father about the church situation she has found in England (bold added):

Q1: Why were instruments more unwelcome to Christians?
A1: They were considered a Catholic innovation
Q2: What was the name of the book in which Jeanie Deans is the protagonist?
A2: The Heart of Midlothian
Q3: Who is quoted for saying instruments in religious services are like "A cow bell in a concert" 
A3: Alexander Campbell
Q4: Who authored The Heart of the Midlothian?
A4: Sir Walter Scott
Title: Armenians
Topic: Geography and places

Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.

Q1: What kind of music does Sayat Nova play?
A1: Armenian folk music
Q2: What instruments are used in Armenian folk music?
A2: the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun
Q3: What kind of Armenian religious music is prevalent?
A3: the Armenian chant
Q4: What did Mashtots do besides composing religious chants?
A4: inventor of the Armenian alphabet
Q5: What was Aram Khatchaturian's career?
A5: classical music composer
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.

Q1: What are some examples of Armenian folk music instruments?
A1: the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun
Q2: Who created the Armenian alphabet?
A2: Saint Mesrop Mashtots
Q3: Who composed the Sabre Dance?
A3: Aram Khatchaturian
Q4: What is known as one of the most prolific type of religious music in Armenia?
A4: the Armenian chant
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

Instruments were marketed by teacher-dealers, much as the title character in the popular musical The Music Man. Often, these teacher-dealers conducted mandolin orchestras: groups of 4-50 musicians who played various mandolin family instruments. However, alongside the teacher-dealers were serious musicians, working to create a spot for the instrument in classical music, ragtime and jazz. Like the teacher-dealers, they traveled the U.S., recording records, giving performances and teaching individuals and mandolin orchestras. Samuel Siegel played mandolin in Vaudeville and became one of America's preeminent mandolinists. Seth Weeks was an African American who not only taught and performed in the United States, but also in Europe, where he recorded records. Another pioneering African American musician and director who made his start with a mandolin orchestra was composer James Reese Europe. W. Eugene Page toured the country with a group, and was well known for his mandolin and mandola performances. Other names include Valentine Abt, Samuel Adelstein, William Place, Jr., and Aubrey Stauffer.

Q1: What popular musical casted a teacher-dealer? 
A1: The Music Man
Q2: What did these teacher-dealers often conduct? 
A2: mandolin orchestras
Q3: How many people were usually in these teacher-dealer orchestras? 
A3: 4-50 musicians
Q4: Who played the mandolin in Vaudeville? 
A4: Samuel Siegel
Q5: Who was the famous African American musican and director? 
A5: composer James Reese Europe.
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia. He justified the titling of his book A Voyage to Terra Australis (1814) by writing in the introduction:

Q1: What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia?
A1: significant landmass
Q2: What explorer gave the name of Terra Australis to Australia?
A2: Matthew Flinders
Q3: What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia?
A3: A Voyage to Terra Australis
Q4: When did Flinders write his book of discovery?
A4: 1814
Q5: What event caused people to misname Antarctica?
A5: mistake
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Intel had tried unsuccessfully to push Apple to migrate the Macintosh platform to Intel chips. Apple concluded that Intel's CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture ultimately would not be able to compete against RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processors. While the Motorola 68040 offered the same features as the Intel 80486 and could on a clock-for-clock basis significantly outperform the Intel chip, the 486 had the ability to be clocked significantly faster without suffering from overheating problems, especially the clock-doubled i486DX2 which ran the CPU logic at twice the external bus speed, giving such equipped IBM compatible systems a significant performance lead over their Macintosh equivalents. Apple's product design and engineering didn't help matters as they restricted the use of the '040 to their expensive Quadras for a time while the 486 was readily available to OEMs as well as enthusiasts who put together their own machines. In late 1991, as the higher-end Macintosh desktop lineup transitioned to the '040, Apple was unable to offer the '040 in their top-of-the-line PowerBooks until early 1994 with the PowerBook 500 series, several years after the first 486-powered IBM compatible laptops hit the market which cost Apple considerable sales. In 1993 Intel rolled out the Pentium processors as the successor to the 486, while the Motorola 68050 was never released, leaving the Macintosh platform a generation behind IBM compatibles in the latest CPU technology. In 1994, Apple abandoned Motorola CPUs for the RISC PowerPC architecture developed by the AIM alliance of Apple Computer, IBM, and Motorola. The Power Macintosh line, the first to use the new chips, proved to be highly successful, with over a million PowerPC units sold in nine months. However, in the long run, spurning Intel for the PowerPC was a mistake as the commoditization of Intel-architecture chips meant Apple couldn't compete on price against "the Dells of the world".

Q1: What did Intel unsuccessfully try to push Apple to migrate to?
A1: Intel chips
Q2: Which platform did Apple choose to use?
A2: Motorola 68040
Q3: Who first rolled out Pentium processors in 1993?
A3: Intel
Q4: How far behind was Macintosh set back compared to the new IBM compatibles?
A4: a generation
Q5: When did Apple abandon Motorola CPU's?
A5: 1994
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Intellectuals such as Robert Darnton and Jürgen Habermas have focused on the social conditions of the Enlightenment. Habermas described the creation of the "bourgeois public sphere" in 18th-century Europe, containing the new venues and modes of communication allowing for rational exchange. Habermas said that the public sphere was bourgeois, egalitarian, rational, and independent from the state, making it the ideal venue for intellectuals to critically examine contemporary politics and society, away from the interference of established authority. While the public sphere is generally an integral component of the social study of the Enlightenment, other historians have questioned whether the public sphere had these characteristics.

Q1: What aspect of the Enlightenment did Robert Darnton and Jurgen Habermas focus on within the Enlightenment?
A1: social conditions
Q2: How did Habermas describe the public sphere?
A2: bourgeois, egalitarian, rational, and independent from the state
Q3: The new venues and modes of communication allowing for rational exchange were given what term by Habermas in 18th century Europe?
A3: the "bourgeois public sphere"
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Intelligence is an important factor in how the individual responds to education. Those who have higher intelligence tend to perform better at school and go on to higher levels of education. This effect is also observable in the opposite direction, in that education increases measurable intelligence. Studies have shown that while educational attainment is important in predicting intelligence in later life, intelligence at 53 is more closely correlated to intelligence at 8 years old than to educational attainment.

Q1: What is important for a student in education?
A1: Intelligence
Q2: What does education increase in a student?
A2: measurable intelligence
Q3: What is intelligence at 53 more closely related to?
A3: intelligence at 8
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

Intended torchbearer Lin Hatfield Dodds withdrew from the event, explaining that she wished to express concern about China's human rights record. Foreign Minister Stephen Smith said her decision was "a very good example of peacefully making a point".

Q1: Who withdrew as a torchbearer because of her concerns about human rights?
A1: Lin Hatfield Dodds
Q2: Who said Dodds' withdrawal was a good example of peacefully protesting?
A2: Foreign Minister Stephen Smith
Q3: Who withdrew from the torch event?
A3: Lin Hatfield Dodds
Q4: Who was the foreign minister that said her decision was a good example of peacefully making a point?
A4: Stephen Smith
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Intense media interest in the opinions and private lives of the royal family during the 1980s led to a series of sensational stories in the press, not all of which were entirely true. As Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of The Sun, told his staff: "Give me a Sunday for Monday splash on the Royals. Don't worry if it's not true—so long as there's not too much of a fuss about it afterwards." Newspaper editor Donald Trelford wrote in The Observer of 21 September 1986: "The royal soap opera has now reached such a pitch of public interest that the boundary between fact and fiction has been lost sight of ... it is not just that some papers don't check their facts or accept denials: they don't care if the stories are true or not." It was reported, most notably in The Sunday Times of 20 July 1986, that the Queen was worried that Margaret Thatcher's economic policies fostered social divisions and was alarmed by high unemployment, a series of riots, the violence of a miners' strike, and Thatcher's refusal to apply sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa. The sources of the rumours included royal aide Michael Shea and Commonwealth Secretary-General Shridath Ramphal, but Shea claimed his remarks were taken out of context and embellished by speculation. Thatcher reputedly said the Queen would vote for the Social Democratic Party—Thatcher's political opponents. Thatcher's biographer John Campbell claimed "the report was a piece of journalistic mischief-making". Belying reports of acrimony between them, Thatcher later conveyed her personal admiration for the Queen, and the Queen gave two honours in her personal gift—membership in the Order of Merit and the Order of the Garter—to Thatcher after her replacement as prime minister by John Major. Former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said Elizabeth was a "behind the scenes force" in ending apartheid.

Q1: What did high public interest in the  private lives of the royal family cause in the press?
A1: sensational stories
Q2: Who was editor of The Sun in the 1980s?
A2: Kelvin MacKenzie
Q3: What did the editor of The Observer call the sensational stories about the royals?
A3: royal soap opera
Q4: Who, it was rumored,  did Margaret Thatcher say the Queen would vote for?
A4: Thatcher's political opponents
Q5: Who said the Elizabeth was a behind the scenes force in ending apartheid?
A5: Brian Mulroney
Title: Antibiotics
Topic: History

Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. Therefore, potential risks of side-effects and effectiveness depend on the type of antibiotic administered. Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread.

Q1: What is one potential issue with drinking alcohol while taking antibiotics?
A1: decreased effectiveness
Q2: Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol?
A2: moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics
Q3: Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic?
A3: there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects
Q4: How common is the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed?
A4: widespread
Q5: What can alcohol and certain antibiotics cause?
A5: decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
Q6: What is unlikely to interfere with  with many common antibiotics?
A6: alcohol consumption
Q7: What belief should bever be mixed widespread?
A7: alcohol and antibiotics
Q8: What common drug can reduce antibiotic effectiveness?
A8: alcohol
Q9: What type of antibiotic is most likely to be a problem with alcohol?
A9: specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects
Q10: Should alcohol be used while on antibiotics?
A10: alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

Intercommunal violence erupted on December 21, 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police. The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots, destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000-30,000 Turkish Cypriots. The crisis resulted in the end of the Turkish Cypriot involvement in the administration and their claiming that it had lost its legitimacy; the nature of this event is still controversial. In some areas, Greek Cypriots prevented Turkish Cypriots from travelling and entering government buildings, while some Turkish Cypriots willingly withdrew due to the calls of the Turkish Cypriot administration. Turkish Cypriots started living in enclaves; the republic's structure was changed unilaterally by Makarios and Nicosia was divided by the Green Line, with the deployment of UNFICYP troops.

Q1: In December of what year did intercommunal violence erupt?
A1: 1963
Q2: The violence beginning in 1963 resulted in the deaths of many Turks?
A2: 364
Q3: How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the violence?
A3: 25,000-30,
Q4: Turkish Cypriots were prevented from doing what?
A4: travelling and entering government buildings
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

Interest in Darwin's writings continues, and scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work. The text of Origin itself has been subject to much analysis including a variorum, detailing the changes made in every edition, first published in 1959, and a concordance, an exhaustive external index published in 1981. Worldwide commemorations of the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species and the bicentenary of Darwin's birth were scheduled for 2009. They celebrated the ideas which "over the last 150 years have revolutionised our understanding of nature and our place within it".

Q1: What kinds of things have been done by scholars interested in Darwin's work?
A1: scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work.
Q2: What has been created in 1959 and filled with information about changes in every edition of On the Origin of Species?
A2: a variorum
Q3: What was done on the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin of Species?
A3: Worldwide commemorations
Q4: What were the celebrants honoring with their commemorations?
A4: They celebrated the ideas which "over the last 150 years have revolutionised our understanding of nature and our place within it".
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

Interestingly, research has revealed that asking individuals to repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced could result in false memories. For instance, Goff and Roediger (1998) asked participants to imagine that they performed an act (e.g., break a toothpick) and then later asked them whether they had done such a thing. Findings revealed that those participants who repeatedly imagined performing such an act were more likely to think that they had actually performed that act during the first session of the experiment. Similarly, Garry and her colleagues (1996) asked college students to report how certain they were that they experienced a number of events as children (e.g., broke a window with their hand) and then two weeks later asked them to imagine four of those events. The researchers found that one-fourth of the students asked to imagine the four events reported that they had actually experienced such events as children. That is, when asked to imagine the events they were more confident that they experienced the events.

Q1: What can cause a person to have fake memories?
A1: repeatedly imagine actions that they have never performed or events that they have never experienced
Q2: Who performed a study that showed the similarirty of imaginging doing something and then later remembering actually doing that task?
A2: Goff and Roediger
Q3: What did a similar study done by Garry find?
A3: researchers found that one-fourth of the students asked to imagine the four events reported that they had actually experienced such events as children
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

Interference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in mind that there are situations when old information can facilitate learning of new information. Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.

Q1: What trouble can interference cause?
A1: can hamper memorization and retrieval
Q2: What is retroactive interference?
A2: when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information
Q3: What is proactive interference?
A3: where prior learning disrupts recall of new information
Q4: What is a term used to describe being able to learn something quicker due to an older ability?
A4: positive transfer.
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

Intergender singles bouts were first fought on a national level in the 1990s. This began with Luna Vachon, who faced men in ECW and WWF. Later, Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship. While it is a rare feat in WWE, in TNA, ODB participates in singles intergender matches. Also, ODB's kayfabe husband and tag team partner Eric Young held the Knockouts Tag Team Championship for a record 478 days before it was stripped by Brooke Hogan because Young was a male.

Q1: When were intergender singles bouts fought on a national scale? 
A1: 1990s
Q2: Who was the first woman to hold a belt that wasn't exclusive to women?
A2: Chyna
Q3: What was the record before it was stripped? 
A3: 478 days
Q4: Who stripped the previous record? 
A4: Brooke Hogan
Title: Guam
Topic: Geography and places

Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang, tensions led to a number of conflicts. Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to pacify the island, which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces.:68–74

Q1: When did the Smallpox epidemic take place?
A1: 1688
Q2: In what years was there intermittent war fare?
A2: July 23, 1670 until July 1695
Q3: What did the smallpox epidemic reduce the population down to in Chamorro?
A3: 50,000 to 10,000
Q4: What was the name of the person who started the campaign to pacify the area?
A4: Juan de Santiago
Title: Georgian_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Internal courtyards became more rare, except beside the stables, and the functional parts of the building were placed at the sides, or in separate buildings nearby hidden by trees. The views to and from the front and rear of the main block were concentrated on, with the side approaches usually much less important. The roof was typically invisible from the ground, though domes were sometimes visible in grander buildings. The roofline was generally clear of ornament except for a balustrade or the top of a pediment. Columns or pilasters, often topped by a pediment, were popular for ornament inside and out, and other ornament was generally geometrical or plant-based, rather than using the human figure.

Q1: What was often used to hide functional parts of buildings?
A1: trees
Q2: What was occasionally visible in grander buildings?
A2: domes
Q3: What often topped pilasters of columns?
A3: pediment
Q4: What designs did ornament use to avoid using the human figure?
A4: geometrical or plant-based
Q5: What aspect of buildings became very rare?
A5: Internal courtyards
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

Internal party disunity compounded the difficulty of identifying lawmakers who might have informally functioned as a minority leader. For instance, "seven of the fourteen speakership elections from 1834 through 1859 had at least twenty different candidates in the field. Thirty-six competed in 1839, ninety-seven in 1849, ninety-one in 1859, and 138 in 1855." With so many candidates competing for the speakership, it is not at all clear that one of the defeated lawmakers then assumed the mantle of "minority leader." The Democratic minority from 1861 to 1875 was so completely disorganized that they did not "nominate a candidate for Speaker in two of these seven Congresses and nominated no man more than once in the other five. The defeated candidates were not automatically looked to for leadership."

Q1: What made identifying House leadership difficult?
A1: Internal party disunity
Q2: How many candidates was typical in early fields for speaker?
A2: at least twenty different candidates
Q3: From 1861 to 1875 how many times was Dmocratic minority speaker not nominated?
A3: two of these seven Congresses
Title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

Internally, a regional lockout chip (CIC) within the console and in each cartridge prevents PAL region games from being played on Japanese or North American consoles and vice versa. The Japanese and North American machines have the same region chip. This can be overcome through the use of adapters, typically by inserting the imported cartridge in one slot and a cartridge with the correct region chip in a second slot. Alternatively, disconnecting one pin of the console's lockout chip will prevent it from locking the console; hardware in later games can detect this situation, so it later became common to install a switch to reconnect the lockout chip as needed.

Q1: How were adapters used to get around PAL region restrictions?
A1: by inserting the imported cartridge in one slot and a cartridge with the correct region chip in a second slot
Q2: How was hardware modification used to get around PAL region restrictions?
A2: disconnecting one pin of the console's lockout chip
Q3: What problem did the hardware modification cause with later games?
A3: hardware in later games can detect this situation, so it later became common to install a switch to reconnect the lockout chip as needed
Title: Exhibition_game
Topic: Sports and recreation

International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper, and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad. Players can be booked in international friendlies, and can be suspended from future international matches based on red cards or accumulated yellows in a specified period. Caps and goals scored also count towards a player's career records. In 2004, FIFA ruled that substitutions by a team be limited to six per match in international friendlies, in response to criticism that such matches were becoming increasingly farcical with managers making as many as 11 substitutions per match.

Q1: What do friendlies allow managers to experiment with?
A1: team selection and tactics
Q2: What can happen to players who get red or yellow cards in friendlies?
A2: suspended from future international matches
Q3: What kind of record do players' goals in friendlies count for?
A3: career
Q4: When did FIFA decide to limit substitutions in international friendlies?
A4: 2004
Q5: What absurd number of substitutions had some international teams been making in friendlies before 2004?
A5: 11
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

International human rights organisations including Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and the American Association for the Advancement of Science have repeatedly documented and condemned widespread human rights violations in Myanmar. The Freedom in the World 2011 report by Freedom House notes, "The military junta has ... suppressed nearly all basic rights; and committed human rights abuses with impunity." In July 2013, the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners indicated that there were approximately 100 political prisoners being held in Burmese prisons.

Q1: What are the names of some of the  human right organizations that have been involved in Burmese relations. 
A1: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International and the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Q2: In 2011 what did the group Freedom House say concerning the Burma military?
A2: The military junta has ... suppressed nearly all basic rights; and committed human rights abuses with impunity
Q3: How many prisoners are still held in Burma on political crimes?
A3: In July 2013, the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners indicated that there were approximately 100 political prisoners being held
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of children for proper progression and growth in their younger years. These international acts encouraged major changes to the workforce in India which occurred in 1986 when the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was put into place. This act prohibited hiring children younger than the age of 14, and from working in hazardous conditions.

Q1: When did the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act pass?
A1: 1924
Q2: What did the international acts do?
A2: encouraged major changes to the workforce
Q3: What is the age limit now in India for child workers?
A3: 14
Q4: What child working conditions are they protected from?
A4: hazardous conditions
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy
Topic: Geography and places

International investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists explain the high standard of living on the island. St. Barthélemy is considered a playground of the rich and famous,[citation needed] especially as a winter haven, and is known for its beaches, gourmet dining and high-end designers. Most of the food is imported by airplane or boat from the US or France. Tourism attracts about 200,000 visitors every year. As a result, there is a boom in house building activity catering to the tourists and also to the permanent residents of the island, with prices as high as €61,200,000 for a beachfront villa.

Q1: What besides investment is responsible for the high standard of living on the island?
A1: wealth generated by wealthy tourists
Q2: St. Barts is considered a playground for whom?
A2: the rich and famous
Q3: Besides boats how does St. Barts import most of its food?
A3: by airplane
Q4: How many tourists visit St. Barts each year?
A4: 200,000
Q5: What is the highest propoerty value recorded in St. Barts?
A5: €61,200,000
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places. Freedom House categorized Armenia in its 2008 report as a "Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime" (along with Moldova, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) and ranked Armenia 20th among 29 nations in transition, with a Democracy Score of 5.21 out of 7 (7 represents the lowest democratic progress).

Q1: What is the lowest score on the Democracy Score scale?
A1: 7
Q2: What Democracy Score does Armenia have?
A2: 5.21
Q3: What does the Freedom House classify Armenia as?
A3: Semi-consolidated Authoritarian Regime
Q4: What makes Armenia's presidential elections faulty?
A4: polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

International pressure led to a ceasefire, and by then 37% of the island had been taken over by the Turks and 180,000 Greek Cypriots had been evicted from their homes in the north. At the same time, around 50,000 Turkish Cypriots moved to the areas under the control of the Turkish Forces and settled in the properties of the displaced Greek Cypriots. Among a variety of sanctions against Turkey, in mid-1975 the US Congress imposed an arms embargo on Turkey for using American-supplied equipment during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974. There are 1,534 Greek Cypriots and 502 Turkish Cypriots missing as a result of the fighting.

Q1: How much of the island was controlled by Turks after international pressure led to a ceasefire?
A1: 37%
Q2: How many Greek Cypriots had been displaced from their homes?
A2: 180,000
Q3: How many Turkish Cypriots moved into areas that were under Turkish control?
A3: 50,000
Q4: In what year did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey?
A4: 1975
Q5: Why did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey?
A5: using American-supplied equipment during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain."

Q1: Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr?
A1: Hugo Chávez
Q2: Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid?
A2: Nelson Mandela
Q3: Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government?
A3: David Cameron
Q4: In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi?
A4: Sierra Leone
Q5: Who said something about tyranny?
A5: Barack Obama
Title: Exhibition_game
Topic: Sports and recreation

International teams also play friendlies, generally in preparation for the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments. This is essential, since national squads generally have much less time together in which to prepare. The biggest difference between friendlies at the club and international levels is that international friendlies mostly take place during club league seasons, not between them. This has on occasion led to disagreement between national associations and clubs as to the availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued in a friendly.

Q1: What do friendlies help international teams prepare for?
A1: the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments
Q2: Which type of team lacks time to prepare for tournaments?
A2: national squads
Q3: What do international leagues' friendlies happen in the middle of?
A3: club league seasons
Q4: What concern has caused national associations and clubs to disagree about friendlies?
A4: availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself.

Q1: What are international tribunals and arbiters often called upon to resolve in regards to treaties?
A1: substantial disputes over treaty interpretations
Q2: What judicial bodies might be called upon to resolve disputes pertaining to the interpretation of treaties?
A2: International tribunals and arbiters
Q3: In addition to the final, signed treaty what else might arbiters review to establish the meaning of a treaty in context?
A3: the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty
Q4: For what purpose might an international tribunal review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of a treaty?
A4: To establish the meaning in context
Q5: In addition to the preparatory work from the drafting and negotiation of a treaty, what might arbiters review when resolving a dispute over the interpretation of a treaty?
A5: the final, signed treaty itself