LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

The U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) and the European E-Commerce Directive (2000) provide online intermediaries with limited statutory immunity from liability for copyright infringement. Online intermediaries hosting content that infringes copyright are not liable, so long as they do not know about it and take actions once the infringing content is brought to their attention. In U.S. law this is characterized as "safe harbor" provisions. Under European law, the governing principles for Internet Service Providers are "mere conduit", meaning that they are neutral 'pipes' with no knowledge of what they are carrying; and 'no obligation to monitor' meaning that they cannot be given a general mandate by governments to monitor content. These two principles are a barrier for certain forms of online copyright enforcement and they were the reason behind an attempt to amend the European Telecoms Package in 2009 to support new measures against copyright infringement.

Q1: What law enacted in the U.S. in 1998 gave online intermediaries limited statutory immunity?
A1: Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Q2: How is this law characterized in the U.S.?
A2: safe harbor
Q3: In the E.U., what are the governing principles for ISP's?
A3: mere conduit
Q4: What is it called when intermediaries cannot be given an order by governments to monitor what happens on their services?
A4: no obligation to monitor
Q5: What was attempted to be amended in 2009 to support new ways to prevent copyright infringement?
A5: European Telecoms Package
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

The U.S. Eisenhower administration condemned the tripartite invasion, and supported UN resolutions demanding withdrawal and a United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to be stationed in Sinai. Nasser commended Eisenhower, stating he played the "greatest and most decisive role" in stopping the "tripartite conspiracy". By the end of December, British and French forces had totally withdrawn from Egyptian territory, while Israel completed its withdrawal in March 1957 and released all Egyptian prisoners of war. As a result of the Suez Crisis, Nasser brought in a set of regulations imposing rigorous requirements for residency and citizenship as well as forced expulsions, mostly affecting British and French nationals and Jews with foreign nationality, as well as some Egyptian Jews.

Q1: What country was opposed to the invasion of the canal?
A1: U.S.
Q2: What leader did Nasser applaud?
A2: Eisenhower
Q3: What military force was brought in to calm the situation?
A3: United Nations Emergency Force
Q4: What did Nasser impose as a result of the conflict?
A4: rigorous requirements for residency
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

The U.S. Federal Reserve and central banks around the world have taken steps to expand money supplies to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral, in which lower wages and higher unemployment lead to a self-reinforcing decline in global consumption. In addition, governments have enacted large fiscal stimulus packages, by borrowing and spending to offset the reduction in private sector demand caused by the crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's new and expanded liquidity facilities were intended to enable the central bank to fulfill its traditional lender-of-last-resort role during the crisis while mitigating stigma, broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity, and increasing the flexibility with which institutions could tap such liquidity.

Q1: What have central banks around the world done to avoid the risk of a deflationary spiral?
A1: expand money supplies
Q2: What have governments done to offset the reduction in private sector demand?
A2: enacted large fiscal stimulus packages
Q3: What is the U.S. Federal Reserve's traditional role during a crisis?
A3: lender-of-last-resort
Q4: What did the U.S. Federal Reserve do to increase access to liquidity?
A4: expanded liquidity facilities
Q5: What type decline does lower wages and higher unemployment lead to?
A5: self-reinforcing decline
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; key policy makers ill prepared for the crisis, lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw; and systemic breaches in accountability and ethics at all levels".

Q1: When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings?
A1: January 2011
Q2: What was one of  the conclusions of the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding the financial crisis of 2007?
A2: the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation
Q3: What agency failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages contributing to the financial crisis of 2007?
A3: Federal Reserve
Q4: Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system?
A4: key policy makers
Q5: Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?
A5: financial firms
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. On June 16, 2009, the FDA said that consumers should stop using zinc-based intranasal cold products and ordered their removal from store shelves. The FDA said the loss of smell can be life-threatening because people with impaired smell cannot detect leaking gas or smoke and cannot tell if food has spoiled before they eat it. Recent research suggests that the topical antimicrobial zinc pyrithione is a potent heat shock response inducer that may impair genomic integrity with induction of PARP-dependent energy crisis in cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes.

Q1: What can zinc cause damage to in the nose?
A1: nerve receptors
Q2: Why was zinc being used in the 1930's?
A2: polio infections
Q3: What did the FDA order removed from stores in 2009?
A3: zinc-based intranasal cold products
Q4: What product is suggest as a potent heat shock response inducer?
A4: antimicrobial zinc pyrithione
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

The U.S. GAO's 2010 findings regarding the great difficulty of accurately gauging the economic impact of copyright infringement was reinforced within the same report by the body's research into three commonly cited estimates that had previously been provided to U.S. agencies. The GAO report explained that the sources – a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) estimate, a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) press release and a Motor and Equipment Manufacturers Association estimate – "cannot be substantiated or traced back to an underlying data source or methodology."

Q1: What 2010 body found how difficult it is to accurately report the financial impact of infringement?
A1: U.S. GAO
Q2: How many commanly cited estimates did the body report on?
A2: three
Q3: What did the FBI use as a source?
A3: estimate
Q4: What report said the data could not be substantiated or traced to a reliable data source?
A4: GAO report
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

The U.S. Navy, by contrast, relied on commerce raiding from the outset. However, the problem of Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines, during the early part of 1942, led to diversion of boats to "guerrilla submarine" missions. As well, basing in Australia placed boats under Japanese aerial threat while en route to patrol areas, reducing their effectiveness, and Nimitz relied on submarines for close surveillance of enemy bases. Furthermore, the standard-issue Mark 14 torpedo and its Mark VI exploder both proved defective, problems which were not corrected until September 1943. Worst of all, before the war, an uninformed US Customs officer had seized a copy of the Japanese merchant marine code (called the "maru code" in the USN), not knowing that the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) had broken it. The Japanese promptly changed it, and the new code was not broken again by OP-20G until 1943.

Q1: What did the US Navy rely on?
A1: commerce raiding
Q2: What led to guerrilla submarine missions in early 1942?
A2: Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines
Q3: What did Admiral Nimitze rely on submarines for?
A3: close surveillance of enemy bases
Q4: When were the defective torpedo problems of the US Navy corrected?
A4: September 1943
Q5: What was the "maru code"?
A5: Japanese merchant marine code
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

The U.S. Senate passed a reform bill in May 2010, following the House which passed a bill in December 2009. These bills must now be reconciled. The New York Times provided a comparative summary of the features of the two bills, which address to varying extent the principles enumerated by the Obama administration. For instance, the Volcker Rule against proprietary trading is not part of the legislation, though in the Senate bill regulators have the discretion but not the obligation to prohibit these trades.

Q1: When did the U.S. Senate first pass a financial reform bill?
A1: May 2010
Q2: When did the U.S. House first pass a financial reform bill?
A2: December 2009
Q3: What rule against proprietary trading was not part of legislation passed by either the Senate or House?
A3: Volcker Rule
Q4: Which bill gave regulators the discretion to prohibit proprietary trades?
A4: Senate
Title: Videoconferencing
Topic: History

The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) conducted 86,320 videoconferenced hearings, a 55% increase over FY 2008. In August 2010, the SSA opened its fifth and largest videoconferencing-only National Hearing Center (NHC), in St. Louis, Missouri. This continues the SSA's effort to use video hearings as a means to clear its substantial hearing backlog. Since 2007, the SSA has also established NHCs in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Baltimore, Maryland, Falls Church, Virginia, and Chicago, Illinois.

Q1: Who has the world's largest administrative judicial system?
A1: U.S.
Q2: What US Department oversees the World's largest administrative judicial system?
A2: Social Security Administration (SSA)
Q3: In what year did the SSA see a 55% increase in videoconferenced hearings?
A3: 2009
Q4: When did the SSA open its largest videoconferencing-only center?
A4: August 2010
Q5: Where is the SSA's fifth videoconferencing only center located?
A5: St. Louis, Missouri
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

The U.S. War Department created the first antecedent of the U.S. Air Force in 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. In World War II, almost 68,000 U.S airmen died helping to win the war; only the infantry suffered more enlisted casualties. In practice, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) was virtually independent of the Army during World War II, but officials wanted formal independence. The National Security Act of 1947 was signed on on 26 July 1947 by President Harry S Truman, which established the Department of the Air Force, but it was not not until 18 September 1947, when the first secretary of the Air Force, W. Stuart Symington was sworn into office that the Air Force was officially formed.

Q1: Who created the first version of the US Air Force in 1907?
A1: U.S. War Department
Q2: When did the US Air Force separate from the War Department? 
A2: 40 years later
Q3: How many causalities did the US Air Force suffer during WWII? 
A3: 68,000
Q4: What does the USAAF stand for? 
A4: U.S. Army Air Forces
Q5: Who signed the National Security Act of 1947? 
A5: President Harry S Truman
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

The U.S. census race definitions says a "black" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. The Census Bureau notes that these classifications are socio-political constructs and should not be interpreted as scientific or anthropological. Most African Americans also have European ancestry in varying amounts; a lesser proportion have some Native American ancestry. For instance, genetic studies of African Americans show an ancestry that is on average 17–18% European.

Q1: How does the U.S. census define "black" Americans?
A1: having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa
Q2: What classification are given?
A2: socio-political constructs
Q3: What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry?
A3: 17–18%
Q4: What is the Census definition not based on?
A4: scientific or anthropological
Title: United_States_dollar
Topic: History

The U.S. dollar is fiat money. It is the currency most used in international transactions and is the world's most dominant reserve currency. Several countries use it as their official currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is also used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean: the British Virgin Islands and the Turks and Caicos islands. A few countries use only the U.S. Dollar for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U.S. coins that can be used as payment in U.S. dollars, such as the Susan B. Anthony dollar.

Q1: What kind of money is the U.S. dollar?
A1: fiat money
Q2: Although for some countries the dollar is not their official currency, how do they use the currency?
A2: de facto currency
Q3: Other than the British Virgin Islands, what other area in the Caribbean uses the dollar as it's sole currency?
A3: Turks and Caicos islands
Q4: For countries that use the dollar as their paper currency, what other currency do they make?
A4: mints its own coins
Q5: What is an example of a U.S. coin that can be used as payment in some countries?
A5: Susan B. Anthony dollar
Title: United_States_dollar
Topic: History

The U.S. dollar was created by the Constitution and defined by the Coinage Act of 1792. It specified a "dollar" to be based in the Spanish milled dollar and of 371 grains and 4 sixteenths part of a grain of pure or 416 grains (27.0 g) of standard silver and an "eagle" to be 247 and 4 eighths of a grain or 270 grains (17 g) of gold (again depending on purity). The choice of the value 371 grains arose from Alexander Hamilton's decision to base the new American unit on the average weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. Hamilton got the treasury to weigh a sample of Spanish dollars and the average weight came out to be 371 grains. A new Spanish dollar was usually about 377 grains in weight, and so the new U.S. dollar was at a slight discount in relation to the Spanish dollar.

Q1: What defined the US dollar?
A1: Coinage Act of 1792
Q2: What was the dollar based on?
A2: the Spanish milled dollar
Q3: How many grams of gold roughly were in an eagle?
A3: 17
Q4: Who made the decision to base the American Unit on the weight on the Spanish dollar?
A4: Alexander Hamilton
Q5: What was the average weight of a new Spanish dollar in terms of grains?
A5: 377
Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States
Topic: History

The U.S. framed the war as part of its policy of containment of Communism in south Asia, but American forces were frustrated by an inability to engage the enemy in decisive battles, corruption and incompetence in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and ever increasing protests at home. The Tet Offensive in 1968, although a major military defeat for the NLF with half their forces eliminated, marked the psychological turning point in the war. With President Richard M. Nixon opposed to containment and more interested in achieving détente with both the Soviet Union and China, American policy shifted to "Vietnamization," – providing very large supplies of arms and letting the Vietnamese fight it out themselves. After more than 57,000 dead and many more wounded, American forces withdrew in 1973 with no clear victory, and in 1975 South Vietnam was finally conquered by communist North Vietnam and unified.

Q1: The policy of containment in Asia was aimed at what ideology?
A1: Communism
Q2: What was the psychological turning point of the war?
A2: The Tet Offensive
Q3: When did this offensive take place? 
A3: 1968
Q4: When were US forces withdrawn from Vietnam?
A4: 1973
Q5: The policy of supplying arms and war materiel for the Vietnamese to fight their own war was called what?
A5: "Vietnamization,"
Title: Guam
Topic: Geography and places

The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs. By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents.

Q1: What has the U.S military proposed?
A1: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam
Q2: How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?
A2: 8,600 Marines
Q3: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?
A3: 4,800 Marines
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

The U.S. recession that began in December 2007 ended in June 2009, according to the U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the financial crisis appears to have ended about the same time. In April 2009 TIME magazine declared "More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." The United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission dates the crisis to 2008. President Barack Obama declared on January 27, 2010, "the markets are now stabilized, and we've recovered most of the money we spent on the banks."

Q1: When did the U.S. recession that began in December 2007 end?
A1: June 2009
Q2: When did the financial crisis appear to have ended?
A2: June 2009
Q3: What was the name of the article that appeared in TIME magazine in April 2009 declaring the crisis over?
A3: More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over."
Q4: On what date did President Barack Obama declare that the markets are stabilized?
A4: January 27, 2010
Q5: When does the United States Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission date the crisis to?
A5: 2008
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised Estonia as a legal constituent part of the Soviet Union. Estonia's return to independence became possible as the Soviet Union faced internal regime challenges, loosening its hold on the outer empire. As the 1980s progressed, a movement for Estonian autonomy started. In the initial period of 1987–1989, this was partially for more economic independence, but as the Soviet Union weakened and it became increasingly obvious that nothing short of full independence would do, Estonia began a course towards self-determination.

Q1: What did most Western countries view as an illegal claim by the USSR?
A1: the annexation of Estonia
Q2: What relationship did Western countries continue with Estonia?
A2: diplomatic relations
Q3: What institution did Western countries refuse to recognize?
A3: the Estonian SSR
Q4: What decade started the push for Estonian independence?
A4: 1980s
Title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia
Topic: History

The UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia still suffering the effects of the Great Depression, the newly formed party won a landslide victory at the 1931 Election, and the Lyons Government went on to win three consecutive elections. It largely avoided Keynesian pump-priming and pursued a more conservative fiscal policy of debt reduction and balanced budgets as a means of stewarding Australia out of the Depression. Lyons' death in 1939 saw Robert Menzies assume the Prime Ministership on the eve of war. Menzies served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941 but resigned as leader of the minority World War II government amidst an unworkable parliamentary majority. The UAP, led by Billy Hughes, disintegrated after suffering a heavy defeat in the 1943 election.

Q1: What economic event influenced the 1931 Election?
A1: the Great Depression
Q2: How many consecutive elections did the Lyons Government win?
A2: three
Q3: What event caused Robert Menzies to become Prime Minister?
A3: Lyons' death in 1939
Q4: What years did Robert Menzies serve as Prime Minister?
A4: 1939 to 1941
Title: Unicode
Topic: Engineering and technology

The UCS-2 and UTF-16 encodings specify the Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) for use at the beginnings of text files, which may be used for byte ordering detection (or byte endianness detection). The BOM, code point U+FEFF has the important property of unambiguity on byte reorder, regardless of the Unicode encoding used; U+FFFE (the result of byte-swapping U+FEFF) does not equate to a legal character, and U+FEFF in other places, other than the beginning of text, conveys the zero-width non-break space (a character with no appearance and no effect other than preventing the formation of ligatures).

Q1: What does BOM stand for? 
A1: Unicode Byte Order Mark
Q2: What specifies the BOM?
A2: UCS-2 and UTF-16
Q3: what is the code point of the BOM?
A3: U+FEFF
Q4: What is U+UFFE the result of? 
A4: byte-swapping U+FEFF
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

The UK government has spent £250 million in the construction of the island's airport. Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid. The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually. As of August, 2015 ticketing was postponed until an airline could be firmly designated.

Q1: How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?
A1: 250 million
Q2: Which government built the island's airport?
A2: UK government
Q3: When was the airport expected to be fully functional?
A3: early 2016
Q4: Which industry is the airport supposed to help when it becomes complete?
A4: tourism
Q5: How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?
A5: up to 30,000
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

The UK national curriculum is adapted for local use. A range of qualifications are offered – from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:

Q1: What curriculum does the island adapt?
A1: The UK national curriculum
Q2: What are the qualifications offered?
A2: GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liberal Party was the other major political party along with the Conservatives. Though coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party to deliver a working majority in Parliament. (A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system, a relationship described by Maurice Duverger and known as Duverger's Law.) There are also numerous other parties that hold or have held a number of seats in Parliament.

Q1: What has the UK political system functioned as?
A1: a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system
Q2: What are the two largest political parties in the UK?
A2: Conservative Party and the Labour Party
Q3: What was the other major party before the Labour party?
A3: Liberal Party
Q4: What is Duveger's Law?
A4: A plurality voting system usually leads to a two-party system
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

The UN ultimately created a Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which was signed by the United States, USSR, and the United Kingdom on January 27, 1967 and went into force the following October 10.

Q1: The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space was signed by three countries on what date?
A1: January 27, 1967
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund
Topic: Social sciences and society

The UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and part of its Executive Committee.

Q1: In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate?
A1: four
Q2: About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work?
A2: three quarters
Q3: UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group?
A3: United Nations Development Group
Q4: UNFPA groups what area in the same geographic region as the Arab States?
A4: Europe
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

The US Air Force Fitness Test (AFFT) is designed to test the abdominal circumference, muscular strength/endurance and cardiovascular respiratory fitness of airmen in the USAF. As part of the Fit to Fight program, the USAF adopted a more stringent physical fitness assessment; the new fitness program was put into effect on 1 June 2010. The annual ergo-cycle test which the USAF had used for several years had been replaced in 2004. In the AFFT, Airmen are given a score based on performance consisting of four components: waist circumference, the sit-up, the push-up, and a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) run. Airmen can potentially earn a score of 100, with the run counting as 60%, waist circumference as 20%, and both strength test counting as 10% each. A passing score is 75 points. Effective 1 July 2010, the AFFT is administered by the base Fitness Assessment Cell (FAC), and is required twice a year. Personnel may test once a year if he or she earns a score above a 90%. Additionally, only meeting the minimum standards on each one of these tests will not get you a passing score of 75%, and failing any one component will result in a failure for the entire test.

Q1: What test is designed to test the fitness of airmen in the USAF? 
A1: US Air Force Fitness Test
Q2: What is the more strict program that the USAF adopted in 2010 called?
A2: Fit to Fight program
Q3: How long is the run that the USAF airmen are tested on for the fitness program? 
A3: 1.5-mile
Q4: What is a passing score on the US Air Force Fitness Test? 
A4: 75 points
Q5: What score must an airman get on the US Air Force Fitness test to be able to opt out of one of the mandatory twice a year retests? 
A5: 90%
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA's creation, the program was transferred over to the civilian agency and renamed Project Mercury on November 26, 1958. NASA selected a new group of astronaut (from the Greek for "star sailor") candidates from Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilots, and narrowed this down to a group of seven for the program. Capsule design and astronaut training began immediately, working toward preliminary suborbital flights on the Redstone missile, followed by orbital flights on the Atlas. Each flight series would first start unmanned, then carry a primate, then finally men.

Q1: Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization?
A1: US Air Force
Q2: Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?
A2: Project Mercury
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

The US Congress was urged to create the exemption by proponents of a conservation plan on San Bruno Mountain, California that was drafted in the early 1980s and is the first HCP in the nation. In the conference report on the 1982 amendments, Congress specified that it intended the San Bruno plan to act "as a model" for future conservation plans developed under the incidental take exemption provision and that "the adequacy of similar conservation plans should be measured against the San Bruno plan". Congress further noted that the San Bruno plan was based on "an independent exhaustive biological study" and protected at least 87% of the habitat of the listed butterflies that led to the development of the HCP.

Q1: What location held the first HCP?
A1: San Bruno Mountain, California
Q2: What percentage of the critical habitat was protected for the area that received the first HCP?
A2: 87%
Q3: What type of animal was being protected in the area that received the first HCP?
A3: butterflies
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

The US and USSR began discussions on the peaceful uses of space as early as 1958, presenting issues for debate to the United Nations, which created a Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 1959.

Q1: The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established in what year?
A1: 1959
Q2: The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was created by what organization in 1959?
A2: United Nations
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

The US ended World War I with two 3-inch AA guns and improvements were developed throughout the inter-war period. However, in 1924 work started on a new 105 mm static mounting AA gun, but only a few were produced by the mid-1930s because by this time work had started on the 90 mm AA gun, with mobile carriages and static mountings able to engage air, sea and ground targets. The M1 version was approved in 1940. During the 1920s there was some work on a 4.7-inch which lapsed, but revived in 1937, leading to a new gun in 1944.

Q1: What kind of guns did the United States end WW I with?
A1: two 3-inch AA guns
Q2: When were improvements developed for these guns?
A2: throughout the inter-war period
Q3: When did work begin on the 105 mm static mounting AA gun?
A3: 1924
Q4: Only a few of the 105 mm static mounting AA guns were produced because work had started on which other gun?
A4: 90 mm AA gun
Q5: What year was the M1 version approved?
A5: 1940
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being "African American". As a result, in the United States the term "black people" is not an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. Relatively dark-skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of "whiteness", and relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for "blackness" in a particular setting.

Q1: What type of skin pigment does "Black" refer to?
A1: the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors
Q2: In the United States the term "black people" is an indicator for?
A2: socially based racial classification related to being African American,
Q3: Where does the US base family history of African Americans from?
A3: a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.
Q4: How are people defined as "black" or "white"?
A4: they fulfill the social criteria
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed the Moon. The 730-pound (330 kg) Ranger 4 became the first US spacecraft to reach the Moon, but its solar panels and navigational system failed near the Moon and it impacted the far side without returning any scientific data. Ranger 5 ran out of power and missed the Moon by 725 kilometers (391 nmi) on October 21, 1962. The first successful Ranger mission was the 806-pound (366 kg) Block III Ranger 7 which impacted on July 31, 1964.

Q1: The Ranger program from 1959 was managed by what organization?
A1: NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Q2: The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what?
A2: Ranger 4
Q3: The first Ranger mission that didn't fail was which one?
A3: Block III Ranger 7
Q4: The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date?
A4: July 31, 1964
Q5: What program led to the establishment of the Ranger program?
A5: Luna
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The US-built ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first electronic programmable computer built in the US. Although the ENIAC was similar to the Colossus it was much faster and more flexible. It was unambiguously a Turing-complete device and could compute any problem that would fit into its memory. Like the Colossus, a "program" on the ENIAC was defined by the states of its patch cables and switches, a far cry from the stored program electronic machines that came later. Once a program was written, it had to be mechanically set into the machine with manual resetting of plugs and switches.

Q1: The US-buils ENIAC stands for what?
A1: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
Q2: What was the first electronic programmable computer built in the United States?
A2: ENIAC
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Topic: History

The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).

Q1: What increased the powers of the FBI?
A1: USA PATRIOT Act
Q2: What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?
A2: sneak and peek provision
Q3: What new residential powers did the FBI now have?
A3: search a house while the residents are away
Q4: Could the FBI inquire into library records?
A4: FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records
Q5: Who's library records did the FBI look into?
A5: those who are suspected of terrorism
Title: War_on_Terror
Topic: History

The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. A new Terrorist Finance Tracking Program monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by The New York Times). Global telecommunication usage, including those with no links to terrorism, is being collected and monitored through the NSA electronic surveillance program. The Patriot Act is still in effect.

Q1: When was the Patriot Act passed?
A1: October 2001
Q2: What did the Patriot Act make it easier for law enforcement to search?
A2: telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records
Q3: What did the Patriot Act make it easier to do to immigrants?
A3: detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts
Q4: How was the definition of terrorism expanded by the Patriot Act?
A4: to include domestic terrorism
Q5: Which newspaper revealed the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program?
A5: The New York Times
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

The USAF countered the MiG-15 by sending over three squadrons of its most capable fighter, the F-86 Sabre. These arrived in December 1950. The MiG was designed as a bomber interceptor. It had a very high service ceiling—50,000 feet (15,000 m) and carried very heavy weaponry: one 37 mm cannon and two 23 mm cannons. They were fast enough to dive past the fighter escort of P-80 Shooting Stars and F9F Panthers and could reach and destroy the U.S. heavy bombers. B-29 losses could not be avoided, and the Air Force was forced to switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing of targets. The MiGs were countered by the F-86 Sabres. They had a ceiling of 42,000 feet (13,000 m) and were armed with six .50 caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns, which were range adjusted by radar gunsights. If coming in at higher altitude the advantage of engaging or not went to the MiG. Once in a level flight dogfight, both swept-wing designs attained comparable maximum speeds of around 660 mph (1,100 km/h). The MiG climbed faster, but the Sabre turned and dived better.

Q1: What plane did the US send to Korea to counter the power of the MiG-15?
A1: F-86 Sabre
Q2: To mitigate the loses of the B-29, what did the US Air Force do?
A2: switch from a daylight bombing campaign to the necessarily less accurate nighttime bombing
Q3: What was the MiG designed to be?
A3: bomber interceptor
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

The USAF is the only branch of the U.S. military where NCO status is achieved when an enlisted person reaches the pay grade of E-5. In all other branches, NCO status is generally achieved at the pay grade of E-4 (e.g., a Corporal in the Army and Marine Corps, Petty Officer Third Class in the Navy and Coast Guard). The Air Force mirrored the Army from 1976 to 1991 with an E-4 being either a Senior Airman wearing three stripes without a star or a Sergeant (referred to as "Buck Sergeant"), which was noted by the presence of the central star and considered an NCO. Despite not being an NCO, a Senior Airman who has completed Airman Leadership School can be a supervisor according to the AFI 36-2618.

Q1: When does NCO status occur in the USAF?
A1: when an enlisted person reaches the pay grade of E-5
Q2: When does NCO status happen in all other branches of the US Military?
A2: pay grade of E-4
Q3: What must a Senior Airman do to become a supervisor in the USAF?
A3: completed Airman Leadership School
Q4: What rank is NCO status achieved in the US Army?
A4: Corporal
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

The USAF's KC-135 and KC-10 aerial refueling aircraft are based on civilian jets. The USAF aircraft are equipped primarily for providing the fuel via a tail-mounted refueling boom, and can be equipped with "probe and drogue" refueling systems. Air-to-air refueling is extensively used in large-scale operations and also used in normal operations; fighters, bombers, and cargo aircraft rely heavily on the lesser-known "tanker" aircraft. This makes these aircraft an essential part of the Air Force's global mobility and the U.S. force projection. The KC-46A Pegasus is undergoing testing and is projected to be delivered to USAF units starting in 2017.

Q1: What kind of aircraft is the USAF's KC-135?
A1: aerial refueling aircraft
Q2: How does the aerial refueling aircraft supply fuel during flight?
A2: tail-mounted refueling boom
Q3: When is air-to-air refueling primarily used by the US Air Force?
A3: large-scale operations
Q4: What aircraft will be available for use by the US Air Force in 2017?
A4: KC-46A Pegasus
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 (released in 2007) defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port. Contrary to the standard downstream port, for which current draw by a connected portable device can exceed 100 mA only after digital negotiation with the host or hub, a charging port can supply currents between 500 mA and 1.5 A without the digital negotiation. A charging port supplies up to 500 mA at 5 V, up to the rated current at 3.6 V or more, and drops its output voltage if the portable device attempts to draw more than the rated current. The charger port may shut down if the load is too high.

Q1: What defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port?
A1: The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1
Q2: When was the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 released?
A2: in 2007
Q3: What was the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 called?
A3: the charging port
Q4: What does a charging port supply?
A4: up to 500 mA at 5 V
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 (released in 2010) makes clear that there are safety limits to the rated current at 5 A coming from USB 2.0. On the other hand, several changes are made and limits are increasing including allowing 1.5 A on charging downstream ports for unconfigured devices, allowing high speed communication while having a current up to 1.5 A, and allowing a maximum current of 5 A. Also, revision 1.2 removes support for USB ports type detection via resistive detection mechanisms.

Q1: What does the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 make clear of?
A1: there are safety limits to the rated current at 5 A coming from USB 2.0
Q2: What does revision 1.2 remove?
A2: USB ports type detection via resistive detection mechanisms
Q3: When was USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 released?
A3: in 2010
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of the USB 3.1 suite. It covers the Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded data channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference. Power Delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate Type-C features such as cable ID function, Alternate Mode negotiation, increased VBUS currents, and VCONN-powered accessories.

Q1: The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of what?
A1: USB 3.1
Q2: What does the USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification cover?
A2: Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel
Q3: Power delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate what?
A3: Type-C features
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The USB standard specifies relatively loose tolerances for compliant USB connectors to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors. To address a weakness present in some other connector standards, the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device in the area around its plug. This was done to prevent a device from blocking adjacent ports due to the size of the cable strain relief mechanism (usually molding integral with the cable outer insulation) at the connector. Compliant devices must either fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does.

Q1: What type of tolerances does the USB standard specify for compliant USB connectors?
A1: loose tolerances
Q2: Why were loose tolerances allowed for compliant USB connectors?
A2: to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors
Q3: How is a weakness addressed in some other connector standards?
A3: the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device
Q4: Due to size restrictions compliant devices must what?
A4: fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does
Title: Sumer
Topic: History

The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture, which first pioneered irrigation agriculture. It appears that this culture was derived from the Samarran culture from northern Mesopotamia. It is not known whether or not these were the actual Sumerians who are identified with the later Uruk culture. Eridu remained an important religious center when it was gradually surpassed in size by the nearby city of Uruk. The story of the passing of the me (gifts of civilization) to Inanna, goddess of Uruk and of love and war, by Enki, god of wisdom and chief god of Eridu, may reflect this shift in hegemony.

Q1: Fine quality painted pottery is a distinctive style of what period in Sumerian history?
A1: Ubaid
Q2: Where could the pottery be found spread throughout?
A2: Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf
Q3: During the Ubaid, where was the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia established?
A3: Eridu
Q4: What type of agriculture did the farmers settling at Eridu bring with them?
A4: irrigation
Q5: Who was the chief god of Eridu?
A5: Enki