LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Airport
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first lighting used on an airport was during the latter part of the 1920s; in the 1930s approach lighting came into use. These indicated the proper direction and angle of descent. The colours and flash intervals of these lights became standardized under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In the 1940s, the slope-line approach system was introduced. This consisted of two rows of lights that formed a funnel indicating an aircraft's position on the glideslope. Additional lights indicated incorrect altitude and direction.

Q1: When was the first lighting used on an airport?
A1: latter part of the 1920s
Q2: When did approach lighting come into use?
A2: 1930s
Q3: What indicated the proper direction and angle of descent?
A3: approach lighting
Q4: When was the slope-line approach system introduced?
A4: 1940s
Q5: What consisted of two rows of lights that formed a funnel, indicating an aircraft's position on the glidescope?
A5: slope-line approach system
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around wide central vista, Shanti Path.

Q1: In what decade did New Delhi first extend significantly from Lutyen's Delhi?
A1: the 1950s
Q2: What organization developed land to expand New Delhi in the 1950s?
A2: the Central Public Works Department
Q3: What was the name of the enclave created by the Central Public Works Department?
A3: Chanakyapuri
Q4: In which direction did Chanakyapuri extend from New Delhi?
A4: southwest
Q5: What was one use of the uses for the newly developed land of Chanakypuri?
A5: residences of ambassadors
Title: Communication
Topic: Language and literature

The first major model for communication was introduced by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories in 1949 The original model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone technologies. Their initial model consisted of three primary parts: sender, channel, and receiver. The sender was the part of a telephone a person spoke into, the channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone where one could hear the other person. Shannon and Weaver also recognized that often there is static that interferes with one listening to a telephone conversation, which they deemed noise.

Q1: Who introduced the first major model for communication in 1949?
A1: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
Q2: What did the first model for communication consist of?
A2: sender, channel, and receiver
Q3: What was the sender in the initial model?
A3: the part of a telephone a person spoke into
Q4: What was the channel in the initial model?
A4: the telephone itself
Q5: What was the receiver in the initial model?
A5: the part of the phone where one could hear the other person
Title: Rajasthan
Topic: Geography and places

The first mention of the name "Rajasthan" appears in James Tod's 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India, while the earliest known record of "Rajputana" as a name for the region is in George Thomas's 1800 memoir Military Memories. John Keay, in his book India: A History, stated that "Rajputana" was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, used the phrase "Rajpoot (Rajput) princes" rather than "Indian princes".

Q1: When was the first usage of the word Rajasthan?
A1: 1829
Q2: In what publication did the name Rajasthan first appear?
A2: Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India
Q3: What is another name for the Rajasthan region?
A3: Rajputana
Q4: In what year did George Thomas write the memoir known as Military Memories?
A4: 1800
Q5: Who wrote the book entitled India: A History?
A5: John Keay
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century. The military system became an intricate organization with the advance of the Empire. The Ottoman military was a complex system of recruiting and fief-holding. The main corps of the Ottoman Army included Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân. The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons. The Ottoman Turks began using falconets, which were short but wide cannons, during the Siege of Constantinople. The Ottoman cavalry depended on high speed and mobility rather than heavy armour, using bows and short swords on fast Turkoman and Arabian horses (progenitors of the Thoroughbred racing horse), and often applied tactics similar to those of the Mongol Empire, such as pretending to retreat while surrounding the enemy forces inside a crescent-shaped formation and then making the real attack. The decline in the army's performance became clear from the mid-17th century and after the Great Turkish War. The 18th century saw some limited success against Venice, but in the north the European-style Russian armies forced the Ottomans to concede land.

Q1: In what century did the first Osman I organized military unit form?
A1: 13th century
Q2: From where did tribesmen that formed a unit organized by Osman I originate?
A2: the hills of western Anatolia
Q3: There were four corps of the Ottoman Army, what were they?
A3: Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân
Q4: The Ottoman army was among the first to use what two pieces of weapons technology?
A4: muskets and cannons
Q5: In what conflict did the Ottoman Turks use falconets?
A5: Siege of Constantinople
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first modern analog computer was a tide-predicting machine, invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1876 by James Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin.

Q1: Who invented the first analog computer in the form of a tide-predicting machine?
A1: Sir William Thomson
Q2: When was the first analog computer in the form of a tide-predicting machine created?
A2: 1872
Q3: Who created the idea of the differential analyzer in 1876?
A3: James Thomson
Q4: James Thomson was the brother of what famous figure?
A4: Lord Kelvin
Title: Namibia
Topic: Social sciences and society

The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the "South West African" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.

Q1: What was the first Namibian newspaper?
A1: Windhoeker Anzeiger
Q2: What was the language in which the first Namibian newspaper was printed in?
A2: German
Q3: When was the first Namibian newspaper founded?
A3: 1898
Q4: When was radio introduced in Namibia?
A4: 1969
Q5: When was TV introduced in Namibia?
A5: 1981
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.

Q1: Where was Juan Rodriguez born?
A1: Santo Domingo
Q2: What did the Dutch call Juan Rodriguez?
A2: Jan Rodrigues
Q3: What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation?
A3: trader
Q4: What is the street that is named after Juan Rodriguez?
A4: Juan Rodriguez Way
Q5: During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York?
A5: winter
Q6: Who was the first non-Indian person to live in what is now NYC?
A6: Juan Rodriguez
Q7: Which street in NYC today is now named after Juan Rodriguez?
A7: Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

The first non-stop transatlantic crossing was made by the British airship R34 in 1919. Regular passenger service resumed in the 1920s and the discovery of helium reserves in the United States promised increased safety, but the U.S. government refused to sell the gas for this purpose. Therefore, H2 was used in the Hindenburg airship, which was destroyed in a midair fire over New Jersey on 6 May 1937. The incident was broadcast live on radio and filmed. Ignition of leaking hydrogen is widely assumed to be the cause, but later investigations pointed to the ignition of the aluminized fabric coating by static electricity. But the damage to hydrogen's reputation as a lifting gas was already done.

Q1: Who made the first non stop transatlantic crossing?
A1: the British
Q2: What year was this done?
A2: 1919
Q3: What year did the airship get destroyed?
A3: 1937
Q4: What city was the ship over when it caught fire?
A4: New Jersey
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 20th century, numerous books were written and published locally, though few were directed at a wider market than Bermuda. (The latter consisted primarily of scholarly works rather than creative writing). The novelist Brian Burland (1931– 2010) achieved a degree of success and acclaim internationally. More recently, Angela Barry has won critical recognition for her published fiction.

Q1: What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim?
A1: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian
Q2: What contribution to history is it believed the History of Mary Prince made?
A2: thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire
Q3: The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature?
A3: scholarly
Q4: Which local author most recently enjoyed success for published works of fiction?
A4: Angela Barry
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

The first of the Diadochi wars broke out when Perdiccas planned to marry Alexander's sister Cleopatra and began to question Antigonus I Monophthalmus' leadership in Asia Minor. Antigonus fled for Greece, and then, together with Antipater and Craterus (the satrap of Cilicia who had been in Greece fighting the Lamian war) invaded Anatolia. The rebels were supported by Lysimachus, the satrap of Thrace and Ptolemy, the satrap of Egypt. Although Eumenes, satrap of Cappadocia, defeated the rebels in Asia Minor, Perdiccas himself was murdered by his own generals Peithon, Seleucus, and Antigenes (possibly with Ptolemy's aid) during his invasion of Egypt (c. 21 May to 19 June, 320). Ptolemy came to terms with Perdiccas's murderers, making Peithon and Arrhidaeus regents in his place, but soon these came to a new agreement with Antipater at the Treaty of Triparadisus. Antipater was made regent of the Empire, and the two kings were moved to Macedon. Antigonus remained in charge of Asia minor, Ptolemy retained Egypt, Lysimachus retained Thrace and Seleucus I controlled Babylon.

Q1: Who did Diadochi plan to marry?
A1: Cleopatra
Q2: Who was Alexander's sister?
A2: Cleopatra
Q3: Who was the leader in Asia Minor?
A3: Antigonus I Monophthalmus
Q4: Along with Antipater and Craterus, Antigonus I Monophthalmus invaded which region?
A4: Anatolia
Q5: Peithon, Seleucus, and Antigenes murdered whom?
A5: Perdiccas
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War.

Q1: When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?
A1: Second Boer War
Q2: Under what command did they serve?
A2: British command
Q3: When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Europe?
A3: the First World War
Q4: What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?
A4: Second World War
Q5: What Asian war were the Canadian Forces involved in?
A5: Korean War
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

The first part of the campaign went well, with John outmanoeuvring the forces under the command of Prince Louis and retaking the county of Anjou by the end of June. John besieged the castle of Roche-au-Moine, a key stronghold, forcing Louis to give battle against John's larger army. The local Angevin nobles refused to advance with the king; left at something of a disadvantage, John retreated back to La Rochelle. Shortly afterwards, Philip won the hard-fought battle of Bouvines in the north against Otto and John's other allies, bringing an end to John's hopes of retaking Normandy. A peace agreement was signed in which John returned Anjou to Philip and paid the French king compensation; the truce was intended to last for six years. John arrived back in England in October.

Q1: John besieged what castle?
A1: Roche-au-Moine
Q2: Who refused to advance with the king?
A2: The local Angevin nobles
Q3: Who won the battle of Bouvines?
A3: Philip
Q4: How long was the truce intended to last for?
A4: six years
Title: Tristan_da_Cunha
Topic: Geography and places

The first permanent settler was Jonathan Lambert, from Salem, Massachusetts, United States, who arrived at the islands in December 1810 with two other men. Lambert publicly declared the islands his property and named them the Islands of Refreshment. After being joined by an Andrew Millet, three of the four men died in 1812; however, the survivor among the original three permanent settlers, Thomas Currie (or Tommaso Corri) remained as a farmer on the island.

Q1: what was the name of the first long term settler? 
A1: Jonathan Lambert
Q2: what year did the first permanent settler arrive?
A2: December 1810
Q3: what did one of the settlers rename the islands?
A3: Islands of Refreshment
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.

Q1: How much is Eddy Street Commons at Notre Dame expected to cost?
A1: $215 million
Q2: When was ground broke on the Eddy Street Commons Project of Notre Dame?
A2: June 3, 2008
Q3: Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons?
A3: Kite Realty
Q4: Which entity did Notre Dame hire to build a parking structure outside of Eddy Street Commons?
A4: the City of South Bend
Q5: There were protested as a part of the construction at Eddy Street Commons, they came due tot he hiring of whom?
A5: non-union workers
Title: Neoclassical_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the two phases might be characterized first by the structures of Robert Adam, the second by those of Sir John Soane. The interior style in France was initially a Parisian style, the "Goût grec" ("Greek style") not a court style. Only when the young king acceded to the throne in 1771 did Marie Antoinette, his fashion-loving Queen, bring the "Louis XVI" style to court.

Q1: What is the name of the first wave of neoclassicism in France?
A1: Louis XVI style
Q2: France's second phase of neoclassic is known as what?
A2: Directoire and "Empire"
Q3: What architect typifies the first style of neoclassical in England?
A3: Robert Adam
Q4: Structure of whom characterize England's second phase of neoclassical?
A4: Sir John Soane
Q5: Who styled the court in France for more modern design after 1771?
A5: Marie Antoinette
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

The first political factions, cohering around a basic, if fluid, set of principles emerged from the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution in late-17th-century England. The Whigs supported Protestant constitutional monarchy against absolute rule and the Tories, originating in the Royalist (or "Cavalier") faction of the English Civil War, were conservative royalist supporters of a strong monarchy as a counterbalance to the republican tendencies of Whigs, who were the dominant political faction for most of the first half of the 18th century; they supported the Hanoverian succession of 1715 against the Jacobite supporters of the deposed Roman Catholic Stuart dynasty and were able to purge Tory politicians from important government positions after the failed Jacobite rising of 1715. The leader of the Whigs was Robert Walpole, who maintained control of the government in the period 1721–1742; his protégé was Henry Pelham (1743–1754).

Q1: Around what time did the first political factions start to emerge?
A1: late-17th-century England
Q2: Who was the dominate political party for the first half of the 18th century?
A2: Whigs
Q3: Who was the leader if the Whigs?
A3: Robert Walpole
Q4: In what year did the jacobite rising fail?
A4: 1715
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as academic degrees. Like the United Kingdom, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994, and renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong respectively. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991.

Q1: What was the very first polytechnic school in Hong Kong?
A1: The Hong Kong Polytechnic
Q2: What was the original name of Hong Kong Polytechnic?
A2: Hong Kong Technical College
Q3: In what year was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded?
A3: 1984
Q4: What Hong Kong university was created in 1991?
A4: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Q5: When did the two polytechnic schools in Hong Kong receive status as universities?
A5: 1994
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differences among human groups became a focus of scientific investigation. But the scientific classification of phenotypic variation was frequently coupled with racist ideas about innate predispositions of different groups, always attributing the most desirable features to the White, European race and arranging the other races along a continuum of progressively undesirable attributes. The 1735 classification of Carl Linnaeus, inventor of zoological taxonomy, divided the human race Homo sapiens into continental varieties of europaeus, asiaticus, americanus, and afer, each associated with a different humour: sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and phlegmatic, respectively. Homo sapiens europaeus was described as active, acute, and adventurous, whereas Homo sapiens afer was said to be crafty, lazy, and careless.

Q1: Who was the author of the first published book classifying humans into distinct races?
A1: François Bernier
Q2: In what century did differences among human groups become a focus of science?
A2: 18th century
Q3: What race was typically ascribed the most desirable features?
A3: White
Q4: How was Homo sapiens europaeus described as?
A4: active, acute, and adventurous
Q5: What attributes were bestowed on homo spaiens afer?
A5: crafty, lazy, and careless
Title: Florida
Topic: Geography and places

The first post-Reconstruction era Republican elected to Congress from Florida was William C. Cramer in 1954 from Pinellas County on the Gulf Coast, where demographic changes were underway. In this period, African Americans were still disenfranchised by the state's constitution and discriminatory practices; in the 19th century they had made up most of the Republican Party. Cramer built a different Republican Party in Florida, attracting local white conservatives and transplants from northern and midwestern states. In 1966 Claude R. Kirk, Jr. was elected as the first post-Reconstruction Republican governor, in an upset election. In 1968 Edward J. Gurney, also a white conservative, was elected as the state's first post-reconstruction Republican US Senator. In 1970 Democrats took the governorship and the open US Senate seat, and maintained dominance for years.

Q1: The first post- reconstruction era republican elected to florida 
A1: William C. Cramer in 1954 from Pinellas County
Q2: What is Cramer credited for 
A2: Cramer built a different Republican Party in Florida, attracting local white conservatives and transplants from northern and midwestern states
Q3: Who was Claude R Kirk 
A3: 966 Claude R. Kirk, Jr. was elected as the first post-Reconstruction Republican governor, in an upset election
Q4: Who was Edward j Gurney 
A4: 968 Edward J. Gurney, also a white conservative, was elected as the state's first post-reconstruction Republican US Senator
Q5: What did the Democrat party do in the 1970
A5: 1970 Democrats took the governorship and the open US Senate seat, and maintained dominance for years
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first practical ICs were invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor. Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958, successfully demonstrating the first working integrated example on 12 September 1958. In his patent application of 6 February 1959, Kilby described his new device as "a body of semiconductor material ... wherein all the components of the electronic circuit are completely integrated". Noyce also came up with his own idea of an integrated circuit half a year later than Kilby. His chip solved many practical problems that Kilby's had not. Produced at Fairchild Semiconductor, it was made of silicon, whereas Kilby's chip was made of germanium.

Q1: Where created the first practical integrated circuits?
A1: Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor.
Q2: Where did Jack Kilby work at when he created the first IC?
A2: Texas Instruments
Q3: When was the first functional IC demonstrated?
A3: 12 September 1958.
Q4: What was Kilby's IC made of?
A4: germanium
Q5: Noyce's IC was made up of what material?
A5: silicon
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

The first public library in Montevideo was formed by the initial donation of the private library of Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano, who died in 1815. Its promoter, director and organizer was Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, who also made a considerable donation along with donations from José Raimundo Guerra, as well as others from the Convent of San Francisco in Salta. In 1816 its stock was 5,000 volumes.[citation needed] The current building of the National Library of Uruguay (Biblioteca Pública de Uruguay) was designed by Luis Crespi in the Neoclassical style and occupies an area of 4,000 square metres (43,000 sq ft). Construction began in 1926 and it was finally inaugurated in 1964. Its current collection amounts to roughly 900,000 volumes.

Q1: Who gave the initial donation of the private library?
A1: Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano
Q2: When did Father Jose Manuel Perez Castellano die?
A2: 1815
Q3: Who was the promoter, director and organizer of the first public library in Montevideo?
A3: Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

The first railway line in Galicia was inaugurated 15 September 1873. It ran from O Carril, Vilagarcía de Arousa to Cornes, Conxo, Santiago de Compostela. A second line was inaugurated in 1875, connecting A Coruña and Lugo. In 1883, Galicia was first connected by rail to the rest of Spain, by way of O Barco de Valdeorras. Galicia today has roughly 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) of rail lines. Several 1,668 mm (5 ft 5 21⁄32 in) Iberian gauge lines operated by Adif and Renfe Operadora connect all the important Galician cities. A 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge line operated by FEVE connects Ferrol to Ribadeo and Oviedo. The only electrified line is the Ponferrada-Monforte de Lemos-Ourense-Vigo line. Several high-speed rail lines are under construction. Among these are the Olmedo-Zamora-Galicia high-speed rail line that opened partly in 2011, and the AVE Atlantic Axis route, which will connect all of the major Galician Atlantic coast cities A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Pontevedra and Vigo to Portugal. Another projected AVE line will connect Ourense to Pontevedra and Vigo.

Q1: In which year did Galicia's first railway line open?
A1: 1873
Q2: What is the name of its only electrified railway?
A2: Ponferrada-Monforte de Lemos-Ourense-Vigo
Title: Thuringia
Topic: History

The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour.

Q1: When was Thuringia's first railway built?
A1: the 1840s
Q2: When were most of the branch lines of the railway abandoned? 
A2: Between 1950 and 2000
Q3: When will the new high speed train be open? 
A3: In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened,
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The first real progress toward a modern understanding of nervous function, though, came from the investigations of Luigi Galvani, who discovered that a shock of static electricity applied to an exposed nerve of a dead frog could cause its leg to contract. Since that time, each major advance in understanding has followed more or less directly from the development of a new technique of investigation. Until the early years of the 20th century, the most important advances were derived from new methods for staining cells. Particularly critical was the invention of the Golgi stain, which (when correctly used) stains only a small fraction of neurons, but stains them in their entirety, including cell body, dendrites, and axon. Without such a stain, brain tissue under a microscope appears as an impenetrable tangle of protoplasmic fibers, in which it is impossible to determine any structure. In the hands of Camillo Golgi, and especially of the Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, the new stain revealed hundreds of distinct types of neurons, each with its own unique dendritic structure and pattern of connectivity.

Q1: Who found out that a shock of electricity to an exposed nerve of a dead frog caused contractions?
A1: Luigi Galvani
Q2: The tool that was invented to stain only a small fractions of neurons was called what?
A2: the Golgi stain
Q3: What nationality was santiago Ramon y Cajal?
A3: Spanish
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

The first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth was in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Sudtone, Saxon for south farm, located at the present day Barbican. From Saxon times, it was in the hundred of Roborough. In 1254 it gained status as a town and in 1439, became the first town in England to be granted a Charter by Parliament. Between 1439 and 1934, Plymouth had a Mayor. In 1914 the county boroughs of Plymouth and Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse merged to form a single county borough of Plymouth. Collectively they were referred to as "The Three Towns".

Q1: In what text was the presence of a settlement in the Plymouth area first recorded?
A1: Domesday Book
Q2: In what year was the Domesday Book compiled?
A2: 1086
Q3: What was the name of the Plymouth-area settlement recorded in the Domesday Book?
A3: Sudtone
Q4: In what year was Plymouth recognized as a town?
A4: 1254
Q5: In what year did Parliament bestow a Charter on Plymouth?
A5: 1439
Title: Israel
Topic: History

The first record of the name Israel (as ysrỉꜣr) occurs in the Merneptah stele, erected for Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah c. 1209 BCE, "Israel is laid waste and his seed is not." This "Israel" was a cultural and probably political entity of the central highlands, well enough established to be perceived by the Egyptians as a possible challenge to their hegemony, but an ethnic group rather than an organised state; Ancestors of the Israelites may have included Semites native to Canaan and the Sea Peoples. McNutt says, "It is probably safe to assume that sometime during Iron Age a population began to identify itself as 'Israelite'", differentiating itself from the Canaanites through such markers as the prohibition of intermarriage, an emphasis on family history and genealogy, and religion.

Q1: When does the first record of the name Israel occurs?
A1: Merneptah stele
Q2: Who did the ancestors of Israelites include?
A2: Semites
Q3: What did Canaanites prohibit?
A3: intermarriage
Title: Tennessee
Topic: Geography and places

The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Pardo recorded the name "Tanasqui" from a local Indian village, which evolved to the state's current name. At that time, Tennessee was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Indian tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the Indian populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw and Choctaw, and ultimately, the Cherokee in 1838.

Q1: Which European nationality first explored the Tennessee region?
A1: Spanish
Q2: Which year did Hernando de Soto explore Tennessee?
A2: 1540
Q3: Which Native American peoples were living in Tennessee when Juan Pardo explored the area?
A3: Muscogee and Yuchi
Q4: Which Native American people left Tennessee for the Virginia area because of encroaching Europeans?
A4: Cherokee
Q5: By which year had most of the Native Americans been forced out of the Tennessee region?
A5: 1838
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

The first recorded nutritional experiment with human subjects is found in the Bible's Book of Daniel. Daniel and his friends were captured by the king of Babylon during an invasion of Israel. Selected as court servants, they were to share in the king's fine foods and wine. But they objected, preferring vegetables (pulses) and water in accordance with their Jewish dietary restrictions. The king's chief steward reluctantly agreed to a trial. Daniel and his friends received their diet for 10 days and were then compared to the king's men. Appearing healthier, they were allowed to continue with their diet.

Q1: What does the Book of Daniel contain?
A1: first recorded nutritional experiment with human subjects
Q2: Which country was being invaded when Daniel and his friends were captured?
A2: Israel
Q3: What occupation were Daniel and his friends originally meant to have?
A3: court servants
Q4: How long did the trial diet last?
A4: 10 days
Q5: What is another term for vegetables that was used?
A5: pulses
Title: Christian
Topic: Language and literature

The first recorded use of the term (or its cognates in other languages) is in the New Testament, in Acts 11:26, after Barnabas brought Saul (Paul) to Antioch where they taught the disciples for about a year, the text says: "[...] the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28, where Herod Agrippa II replied to Paul the Apostle, "Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian." The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16, which exhorts believers: "Yet if [any man suffer] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf."

Q1: Where is the first reference to the word Christian in the Bible?
A1: Acts 11:26
Q2: Who made the second reference to the word Christian in the Bible?
A2: Herod Agrippa II
Q3: When verse was the third mention?
A3: Peter 4:16
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe.

Q1: When did regular broadcasts start in Europe?
A1: January 1, 2004
Q2: What event was first broadcasted on January 1, 2004?
A2: Vienna New Year's Concert
Q3: The New Year's Day broadcast officially launched which channel?
A3: HD1
Q4: When did test transmissions of HDTV begin in Europe?
A4: September 2003
Q5: Which European company launched HD1?
A5: Euro1080
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here.

Q1: Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames?
A1: Aldrich
Q2: Who first gifted salmon to the abbey?
A2: Thames fishermen
Q3: Who still gives salmon to the abbey today?
A3: Fishmonger's Company
Q4: When was the monk community installed?
A4: 960s or early 970s
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll.

Q1: The first road connected Atlantic City to which mainland town?
A1: Pleasantville
Q2: The first road that connected Atlantic City to the mainland was completed in what year?
A2: 1870
Q3: How much of a toll was charged on the first road to connect Atlantic City to the mainland?
A3: 30-cent
Q4: What was the name of the first road to the mainland that did not charge a toll?
A4: Albany Avenue
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase.

Q1: When was the Compass-M1 satellite launced?
A1: 2007
Q2: How many satellites were launched from 2009-2011?
A2: nine
Q3: What was achieved by launching 9 additional satellites from 2009-2011?
A3: functional regional coverage
Q4: How many satellites were launched since 2007?
A4: 16
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on 30 October 2000, followed by BeiDou-1B on 20 December 2000. The third satellite, BeiDou-1C (a backup satellite), was put into orbit on 25 May 2003. The successful launch of BeiDou-1C also meant the establishment of the BeiDou-1 navigation system.

Q1: What was the name of the first satellite launched for the system?
A1: BeiDou-1A
Q2: When was BeiDou-1A launched?
A2: 20 December 2000
Q3: What was the name of the third satellite launched for the system?
A3: BeiDou-1C
Q4: What was the purpose of launching the BeiDou-1C satellite?
A4: a backup satellite
Q5: When was the BeiDou-1C satellite launched?
A5: 25 May 2003
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000. The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000. The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003.

Q1: When was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
A1: October 31, 2000
Q2: What was the first satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?
A2: BeiDou-1A
Q3: When was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
A3: December 21, 2000
Q4: What was the second satellite for the BeiDou-1 system called?
A4: BeiDou-1B
Q5: When was the last satellite for the BeiDou-1 system launched?
A5: May 25, 2003
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The first scientific and literary journals were established during the Enlightenment. The first journal, the Parisian Journal des Sçavans, appeared in 1665. However, it was not until 1682 that periodicals began to be more widely produced. French and Latin were the dominant languages of publication, but there was also a steady demand for material in German and Dutch. There was generally low demand for English publications on the Continent, which was echoed by England's similar lack of desire for French works. Languages commanding less of an international market – such as Danish, Spanish and Portuguese – found journal success more difficult, and more often than not, a more international language was used instead. French slowly took over Latin's status as the lingua franca of learned circles. This in turn gave precedence to the publishing industry in Holland, where the vast majority of these French language periodicals were produced.

Q1: During which movement were the first scientific and literary journals established?
A1: the Enlightenment
Q2: What was the title of the first scientific and literary journal?
A2: the Parisian Journal des Sçavans
Q3: In what year did the first scientific and literary journal appear?
A3: 1665
Q4: Which two languages were the most dominant languages of scientific and literary publications?
A4: French and Latin
Q5: Where were the vast majority of French language periodicals produced?
A5: Holland
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The first season of American Idol debuted as a summer replacement show in June 2002 on the Fox network. It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.

Q1: What network aired the first season of American Idol?
A1: Fox
Q2: What year did American Idol first debut?
A2: 2002
Q3: Who was Ryan Seacrests co-host in the first season of American Idol?
A3: Brian Dunkleman
Q4: When did American Idol debut?
A4: June 2002
Q5: What network did American Idol debut on?
A5: Fox
Q6: Who co-hosted American Idol?
A6: Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman. Dunkleman quit thereafter, making Seacrest the sole emcee of the show starting with season two.

Q1: Who was the only host of American Idol after season one?
A1: Ryan Seacrest
Q2: Which host quit after the first season?
A2: Brian Dunkleman
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whaling era, which lasted until 1966, the population of that island varied from over 1,000 in the summer (over 2,000 in some years) to some 200 in the winter. Most of the whalers were Norwegian, with an increasing proportion of Britons. The settlements included Grytviken, Leith Harbour, King Edward Point, Stromness, Husvik, Prince Olav Harbour, Ocean Harbour and Godthul. Managers and other senior officers of the whaling stations often lived together with their families. Among them was the founder of Grytviken, Captain Carl Anton Larsen, a prominent Norwegian whaler and explorer who, along with his family, adopted British citizenship in 1910.

Q1: Where did the first semi-permanent residents of the Antarctic area live?
A1: South Georgia
Q2: What was the profession of the residents of South Georgia?
A2: sealers
Q3: In what year did the sealers start staying on South Georgia?
A3: 1786
Q4: What was the nationality of most whalers?
A4: Norwegian
Q5: When did explorer Carl Anton Larsen become a British citizen?
A5: 1910
Title: Pope_John_XXIII
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The first session ended in a solemn ceremony on 8 December 1962 with the next session scheduled to occur in 1963 from 12 May to 29 June – this was announced on 12 November 1962. John XXIII's closing speech made subtle references to Pope Pius IX, and he had expressed the desire to see Pius IX beatified and eventually canonized. In his journal in 1959 during a spiritual retreat, John XXIII made this remark: "I always think of Pius IX of holy and glorious memory, and by imitating him in his sacrifices, I would like to be worthy to celebrate his canonization".

Q1: A solemn ceremony ended the first session on what day?
A1: 8 December 1962
Q2: When was the next session scheduled?
A2: 1963 from 12 May to 29 June
Q3: When was the next session announced?
A3: 12 November 1962
Q4: Who did John XXIII wish to see canonized?
A4: Pope Pius IX
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

The first set of subsidiary forts were planned by the Portuguese at Montevideo in 1701 to establish a front line base to stop frequent insurrections by the Spaniards emanating from Buenos Aires. These fortifications were planned within the River Plate estuary at Colonia del Sacramento. However, this plan came to fruition only in November 1723, when Captain Manuel Henriques de Noronha reached the shores of Montevideo with soldiers, guns and colonists on his warship Nossa Senhora de Oliveara. They built a small square fortification. However, under siege from forces from Buenos Aires, the Portuguese withdrew from Montevideo Bay in January 1724, after signing an agreement with the Spaniards.

Q1: Who planned the first set of subsidiary forts?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: When were the first set of subsidiary forts planned?
A2: 1701
Q3: the subsidiary forts were established to stop what?
A3: frequent insurrections by the Spaniards
Q4: Where were the Spaniards emanating from?
A4: Buenos Aires
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole settlement were built to prevent attacks from foreign threats. Some part of this structure can still be seen in the Cassaro district. This district was named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qsr (castle, stronghold). Along the walls there were few doors to access and exit the city, suggesting that trade even toward the inner part of the island occurred frequently. Moreover, according to some studies, it may be possible that there were some walls that divided the old city from the new one too. The colony developed around a central street (decumanus), cut perpendicularly by minor streets. This street today has become the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.

Q1: Why was the first settlement named Paleapolis?
A1: in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis
Q2: What were the walls of Neapolis meant to do?
A2: prevent attacks from foreign threats
Q3: Which district was named for the walls surrounding it?
A3: Cassaro
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial years, and some wealthy whites took black consorts or concubines. Charles Town attracted a mixture of ethnic and religious groups. French, Scottish, Irish, and Germans migrated to the developing seacoast town, representing numerous Protestant denominations. Because of the battles between English "royalty" and the Roman Catholic Church, practicing Catholics were not allowed to settle in South Carolina until after the American Revolution. Jews were allowed, and Sephardic Jews migrated to the city in such numbers that by the beginning of the 19th century, the city was home to the largest and wealthiest Jewish community in North America—a status it held until about 1830.

Q1: What religious group was not allowed to settle in South Carolina?
A1: Catholics
Q2: About what year did Charleston cease to have the wealthiest Jewish community in America?
A2: 1830
Q3: What European country did many of the first Charleston settlers come from?
A3: England
Q4: After what war did the state ban on Catholics end?
A4: American Revolution
Q5: Along with Bermuda, what other English colony did many settlers come from?
A5: Barbados