LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea. Enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center are widespread in biochemistry, such as alcohol dehydrogenase in humans. Consumption of excess zinc can cause ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency.

Q1: How many people are affected by zinc deficiency?
A1: two billion
Q2: What can consumption of excess zinc cause?
A2: ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency
Q3: Where can you find enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center?
A3: biochemistry,
Q4: What can a lack of zinc cause in children?
A4: growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea
Q5: What is extremely important to prenatal and postnatal development?
A5: Zinc
Q6: What can cause symptoms in children ranging from diarrhea to retarded growth?
A6: Zinc deficiency
Q7: In what substance can you find a zinc atom within its reactive center?
A7: alcohol dehydrogenase
Q8: What causes symptoms such as lethargy and copper deficiency?
A8: excess zinc
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

Zinc is included in most single tablet over-the-counter daily vitamin and mineral supplements. Preparations include zinc oxide, zinc acetate, and zinc gluconate. It is believed to possess antioxidant properties, which may protect against accelerated aging of the skin and muscles of the body; studies differ as to its effectiveness. Zinc also helps speed up the healing process after an injury. It is also suspected of being beneficial to the body's immune system. Indeed, zinc deficiency may have effects on virtually all parts of the human immune system.

Q1: What consumable product is zinc included in?
A1: vitamin and mineral supplements
Q2: What property of zinc is believed to protect against skin aging?
A2: antioxidant
Q3: What is the benefit of zinc after injury?
A3: speed up the healing
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. A protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate (Zn
5(OH)
6(CO
3)
2) forms as the zinc corrodes. This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zinc corrodes away. The zinc is applied electrochemically or as molten zinc by hot-dip galvanizing or spraying. Galvanization is used on chain-link fencing, guard rails, suspension bridges, lightposts, metal roofs, heat exchangers, and car bodies.

Q1: What two compounds is zinc more reactive than?
A1: iron or steel
Q2: What forms as zinc corrodes?
A2: protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate
Q3: How is zinc applied?
A3: electrochemically or as molten zinc
Q4: What is used on many common items, such as chain link fences?
A4: Galvanization
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy. After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate. This concentrate consists of about 50% zinc with the rest being sulfur (32%), iron (13%), and SiO
2 (5%). The composition of this is normally zinc sulfide (80% to 85%), iron sulfide (7.0% to 12%), lead sulfide (3.0% to 5.0%) silica (2.5% to 3.5%), and cadmium sulfide (0.35% to 0.41%).

Q1: What is used to produce the metal zinc?
A1: extractive metallurgy.
Q2: What is froth flotation used for?
A2: get an ore concentrate
Q3: What is the first step in zinc metal production?
A3: grinding the ore
Q4: What percentage of the ore concentrate is zinc?
A4: 50%
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

Zinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten Zn2+ ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finger's structure by coordinately binding to four amino acids in the transcription factor. The transcription factor wraps around the DNA helix and uses its fingers to accurately bind to the DNA sequence.

Q1: What role does zinc play in fingers, twists and clusters?
A1: structural
Q2: What are proteins that druing replication and transcription of DNA, recognize base DNA?
A2: transcription factors,
Q3: How many amino acids do the Zn2+ ions bind to?
A3: four
Q4: What does the transcription factor wrap around?
A4: DNA helix
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) compound containing the Zn—Zn bond, (η5-C5Me5)2Zn2, is also the first dimetallocene. The [Zn2]2+ ion rapidly disproportionates into zinc metal and zinc(II), and has only been obtained as a yellow glass formed by cooling a solution of metallic zinc in molten ZnCl2.

Q1: What is necessary to stabilize the low oxidation state of zinc(l) compounds?
A1: bulky ligands
Q2: What core do most zinc(l) compounds contain?
A2: [Zn2]2+
Q3: What confirms the dimeric structure of the compound?
A3: diamagnetic nature of the ion
Q4: When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed?
A4: yellow glass
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

^1 Also considered part of Rusyns
^2 Considered transitional between Ukrainians and Belarusians
^3 The ethnic affiliation of the Lemkos has become an ideological conflict. It has been alleged that among the Lemkos the idea of "Carpatho-Ruthenian" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing in Transcarpathia and abroad
^4 Most inhabitants of historic Moravia considered themselves as Czechs but significant amount declared their Moravian nationality, different from that Czech (although people from Bohemia and Moravia use the same official language).
^5 Also considered Poles.
^6 There are sources that show Silesians as part of the Poles. Parts of the southmost population of Upper Silesia is sometimes considered Czech (controversial).

Q1: Ethnic affiliation of who has become an ideological conflict?
A1: the Lemkos
Q2: The idea of "Carpatho-Ruthenian" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing where?
A2: Transcarpathia and abroad
Q3: Most inhabitants of historic Moravia considered themselves as what?
A3: Czechs
Q4: What group is considered part of the Poles?
A4: Silesians
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

^10 Sub-groups of Slovenes include Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians, and the extinct Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes.

Q1: What sub-groups of Slovenes are extinct?
A1: Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes
Q2: What are the current sub-groups of Slovenes?
A2: Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

^7 A census category recognized as an ethnic group. Most Slavic Muslims (especially in Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia) now opt for Bosniak ethnicity, but some still use the "Muslim" designation. Bosniak and Muslim are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably. However, a small number of people within Bosnia and Herzegovina declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith.

Q1: Most Slavic Muslims now opt for what ethnicity?
A1: Bosniak
Q2: What two groups are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably?
A2: Bosniak and Muslim
Q3: A small number of people declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith within what regions?
A3: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

^8 This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the former Yugoslav republics. The nationality is also declared by diasporans living in the USA and Canada. There are a multitude of reasons as to why people prefer this affiliation, some published on the article.

Q1: This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the what former republics?
A1: Yugoslav republics
Q2: The nationality is also declared by diasporans living where?
A2: USA and Canada
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

^9 Sub-groups of Croats include Bunjevci (in Bačka), Šokci (in Slavonia and Vojvodina), Janjevci (in Kosovo), Burgenland Croats (in Austria), Bosniaks (in Hungary), Molise Croats (in Italy), Krashovans (in Romania), Moravian Croats (in the Czech Republic)

Q1: Where are Bunjevci located?
A1: Bačka
Q2: Where are Šokci located?
A2: Slavonia and Vojvodina
Q3: Where are Janjevci located?
A3: Kosovo
Q4: Where are Burgenland Croats located?
A4: Austria
Q5: Where are Krashovans located?
A5: Romania
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

^Note 2: in 1789 the Georgia Constitution was amended as follows: "Article IV. Section 10. No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own faith and judgment; nor shall he ever be obliged to pay tithes, taxes, or any other rate, for the building or repairing any place of worship, or for the maintenance of any minister or ministry, contrary to what he believes to be right, or hath voluntarily engaged to do. No one religious society shall ever be established in this state, in preference to another; nor shall any person be denied the enjoyment of any civil right merely on account of his religious principles."

Q1: What may no person within Georgia be deprived of the privilege of doing in any manner agreeable to them?
A1: worshipping God
Q2: When was the Georgia Constitution amended to add Article IV, Section 10?
A2: 1789
Q3: What can a citizen of Georgia not be compelled to do?
A3: attend any place of worship contrary to his own faith and judgment
Q4: What is constitutionally forbidden to be established in the state of Georgia?
A4: No one religious society
Q5: What will no person be denied the enjoyment of in Georgia based on their religious principles?
A5: any civil right
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

^Note 5: The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 disestablished the Anglican church, but until 1835 the NC Constitution allowed only Protestants to hold public office. From 1835-1876 it allowed only Christians (including Catholics) to hold public office. Article VI, Section 8 of the current NC Constitution forbids only atheists from holding public office. Such clauses were held by the United States Supreme Court to be unenforceable in the 1961 case of Torcaso v. Watkins, when the court ruled unanimously that such clauses constituted a religious test incompatible with First and Fourteenth Amendment protections.

Q1: When did the North Carolina Constitution disestablish the Anglican church?
A1: 1776
Q2: What religious denomination was the only one allowed to hold public office in NC until 1835?
A2: Protestants
Q3: What category did the NC Constitution broaden the people allowed to hold public office to from 1835 to 1876?
A3: Christians
Q4: What part of the NC Constitution forbids atheists from holding public office?
A4: Article VI, Section 8
Q5: When did the U.S. Supreme Court rule clauses forbidding people from holding public office based on their religion was unenforceable? 
A5: 1961
Title: Madrasa
Topic: Language and literature

al-Qarawīyīn University in Fez, Morocco is recognised by many historians as the oldest degree-granting university in the world, having been founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri. While the madrasa college could also issue degrees at all levels, the jāmiʻahs (such as al-Qarawīyīn and al-Azhar University) differed in the sense that they were larger institutions, more universal in terms of their complete source of studies, had individual faculties for different subjects, and could house a number of mosques, madaris, and other institutions within them. Such an institution has thus been described as an "Islamic university".

Q1: When was al-Qarawiyin University founded?
A1: 859
Q2: Who founded al-Qarawiyin University?
A2: Fatima al-Fihri
Q3: What types of degrees were earned at al-Qarawiyin University?
A3: all levels
Q4: What religious buildings were housed inside al-Qarawiyin University?
A4: mosques
Q5: What types of teachers were at al-Qarawiyin University?
A5: individual faculties for different subjects
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

along with two inequality systems expressing economic efficiency. In this model, the (transposed) probability vector p represents the prices of the goods while the probability vector q represents the "intensity" at which the production process would run. The unique solution λ represents the growth factor which is 1 plus the rate of growth of the economy; the rate of growth equals the interest rate. Proving the existence of a positive growth rate and proving that the growth rate equals the interest rate were remarkable achievements, even for von Neumann.

Q1: In von Neumann's model what does p represent?
A1: p represents the prices of the goods
Q2: In von Neumann's model what does q represent?
A2: q represents the "intensity" at which the production process would run
Q3: What is the rate of qrowth equal to?
A3: rate of growth equals the interest rate
Q4: Was the economic model successful?
A4: proving that the growth rate equals the interest rate were remarkable achievements, even for von Neumann
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

and Camargo. In 1631 Juan Rangel de Biezma discovered a rich vein of silver, and subsequently established San Jose del Parral near the site. Parral remained an important economic and cultural center for the next 300 years. On December 8, 1659 Fray García de San Francisco founded the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Mansos del Paso del Río del Norte and founded the town El Paso Del Norte (present day Ciudad Juárez) in 1667. The Spanish society that developed in the region replaced the sparse population of indigenous peoples. The absence of servants and workers forged the spirit of northern people as self-dependent, creative people that defended their European heritage. In 1680 settlers from Santa Fe, New Mexico sought refuge in El Paso Del Norte for twelve years after fleeing the attacks from Pueblo tribes, but returned to Santa Fe in 1692 after Diego de Vargas recaptured the city and vicinity. In 1709, Antonio de Deza y Ulloa founded the state capital Chihuahua City; shortly after, the city became the headquarters for the regional mining offices of the Spanish crown known as Real de Minas de San Francisco de Cuéllar in honor of the Viceroy of New Spain, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva Enríquez, Duke of Alburquerque and the Marquee of Cuéllar..

Q1: Which precious metal did Biezma discover?
A1: silver
Q2: How many years was Parral an important economic and cultural center?
A2: 300 years
Q3: In which year did Sante Fe inhabitants return home from seeking refuge?
A3: 1692
Q4: Which new state capital was founded in 1709?
A4: Chihuahua City
Q5: In which city had the inhabitants of Sante Fe been seeking refuge?
A5: El Paso Del Norte
Title: Idealism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

and proliferation of hyphenated entities such as "thing-in-itself" (Immanuel Kant), "things-as-interacted-by-us" (Arthur Fine), "table-of-commonsense" and "table-of-physics" (Sir Arthur Eddington) which are "warning signs" for conceptual idealism according to Musgrave because they allegedly do not exist but only highlight the numerous ways in which people come to know the world. This argument does not take into account the issues pertaining to hermeneutics, especially at the backdrop of analytic philosophy. Musgrave criticized Richard Rorty and Postmodernist philosophy in general for confusion of use and mention.

Q1: Who coined the term "thing-in-itself"?
A1: Immanuel Kant
Q2: Who invented the idea of a "table-of-commonsense"?
A2: Sir Arthur Eddington
Q3: Who came up with the idea of "things-as-interacted-by-us"?
A3: Arthur Fine
Q4: Who spoke of the "warning signs" of idealism?
A4: Musgrave
Q5: What sort of philosopher was Richard Rorty?
A5: Postmodernist
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

eSATA does not supply power to external devices. This is an increasing disadvantage compared to USB. Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is advancing and external drives gradually need less power, diminishing the eSATA advantage. eSATAp (power over eSATA; aka ESATA/USB) is a connector introduced in 2009 that supplies power to attached devices using a new, backward compatible, connector. On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies only 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD; on a desktop workstation it can additionally supply 12 V to power larger devices including 3.5-inch HDD/SSD and 5.25-inch optical drives.

Q1: eSATA does not supply power to what?
A1: external devices
Q2: Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is what?
A2: advancing and external drives gradually need less power
Q3: On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power?
A3: 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD
Title: Group_(mathematics)
Topic: Mathematics

for any constant c. Matrix groups over these fields fall under this regime, as do adele rings and adelic algebraic groups, which are basic to number theory. Galois groups of infinite field extensions such as the absolute Galois group can also be equipped with a topology, the so-called Krull topology, which in turn is central to generalize the above sketched connection of fields and groups to infinite field extensions. An advanced generalization of this idea, adapted to the needs of algebraic geometry, is the étale fundamental group.

Q1: What concepts are fundamental to number theory?
A1: adele rings and adelic algebraic groups
Q2: What group uses infinite field extensions with topology?
A2: the absolute Galois group
Q3: What is used to generalize the connection of fields and groups to infinite field extensions?
A3: Krull topology
Q4: What group is an advanced observation of infinite field extensions and groups that is adapted for the needs of algebraic geometry?
A4: the étale fundamental group
Title: Sahara
Topic: Geography and places

human activities are more likely to affect the habitat in areas of permanent water (oases) or where water comes close to the surface. Here, the local pressure on natural resources can be intense. The remaining populations of large mammals have been greatly reduced by hunting for food and recreation. In recent years development projects have started in the deserts of Algeria and Tunisia using irrigated water pumped from underground aquifers. These schemes often lead to soil degradation and salinization.

Q1: What activities from these mammals will likely affect   habitat areas?
A1: human activities
Q2: What underground items have lead to soil degradation?
A2: irrigated water pumped
Q3: What kind of pressure can be intense in the Sahara?
A3: natural resources
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

iPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user, although some users have been able to open the case themselves, usually following instructions from third-party vendors of iPod replacement batteries. Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries. The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one. All lithium-ion batteries lose capacity during their lifetime even when not in use (guidelines are available for prolonging life-span) and this situation led to a market for third-party battery replacement kits.

Q1: Whose directions can be followed to interact with iPod batteries?
A1: third-party vendors
Q2: What did Apple originally tell consumers to purchase when their iPod batteries no longer worked?
A2: refurbished replacement iPod
Q3: What kind of battery does the iPod use?
A3: lithium-ion
Q4: Which iPod component did Apple somewhat inconveniently made non-replaceable?
A4: batteries
Q5: What type of rechargeable battery does Apple use in its iPods?
A5: lithium-ion
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales. However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street.

Q1: What are two stores which sell files with DRM not compatible with iPods?
A1: Napster and MSN Music
Q2: For what device's sales does Apple leverage the iTunes store?
A2: iPods
Q3: The iPod can play music from other online stores as long as they don't contain what feature?
A3: DRM
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

iPods have also gained popularity for use in education. Apple offers more information on educational uses for iPods on their website, including a collection of lesson plans. There has also been academic research done in this area in nursing education and more general K-16 education. Duke University provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004, and the iPod program continues today with modifications. Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Yes, children, there really was a time when we roamed the earth without thousands of our favorite jams tucked comfortably into our hip pockets. Weird."

Q1: What University gave an iPod to first year students in 2004?
A1: Duke
Q2: What publication lauded the iPod for enabling people to listen to thousands of songs on a portable player?
A2: Entertainment Weekly
Q3: Which major university began issuing iPods to all incoming freshmen starting in 2004?
A3: Duke
Q4: Which magazine placed the iPod on its Best of the Decade list for the 00's?
A4: Entertainment Weekly
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

iPods have been criticized for alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod line had an average failure rate of 13.7% (although they note that comments from respondents indicate that "the true iPod failure rate may be lower than it appears"). It concluded that some models were more durable than others. In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod Nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable. A class action lawsuit was also filed. Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.[citation needed]

Q1: What are two subjects of criticism of iPods?
A1: short life-span and fragile hard drives
Q2: What website ran a survey to learn how often iPods ceased working?
A2: MacInTouch
Q3: How often did MacInTouch discover iPods stopped working, according to their survey?
A3: 13.7%
Q4: When did iPod owners take issue with the fragility of the iPod screen?
A4: late 2005
Q5: What did Apple include with the iPod to resolve the screen problem?
A5: protective sleeves
Q6: Which type of iPod storage proved more reliable than hard drive storage?
A6: flash memory
Q7: The first generation nano suffered from which component getting damaged easily?
A7: screen
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[not in citation given] to most innovative audio product, to fourth best computer product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPod line has "altered the landscape for portable audio players". Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod line and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes, and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA.

Q1: What rank did iPod achieve among various computer products in 2006?
A1: fourth
Q2: What kind of reviews do iPods tend to get?
A2: favorable
Q3: What two companies use the AAC format for music files?
A3: Sony Ericsson and Nokia
Q4: What file format is not supported by Sony Ericsson and Nokia?
A4: WMA
Q5: Which publication praised iPods for revolutionizing the industry?
A5: PC World
Q6: Which phone manufacturers adopted the AAC file format to become better iPod-compatible?
A6: Sony Ericsson and Nokia
Q7: Which PC magazine praised the iPod for having "altered the landscape for portable audio players"?
A7: PC World
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods (except the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle, the 6th & 7th generation iPod Nano, and iPod Touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel – an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface. The buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track. Other operations, such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume, are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. The 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle does not have any controls on the actual player; instead it has a small control on the earphone cable, with volume-up and -down buttons and a single button for play and pause, next track, etc. The iPod Touch has no click-wheel; instead it uses a 3.5" touch screen along with a home button, sleep/wake button and (on the second and third generations of the iPod Touch) volume-up and -down buttons. The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone. Differences include a lack of a phone application. Both devices use iOS.

Q1: How many buttons do most iPods use?
A1: five
Q2: On what part of newer iPods can you find the buttons?
A2: click wheel
Q3: Where are the controls located on the 3rd gen iPod Shuffle?
A3: earphone cable
Q4: What kind of interface does the iPod touch use instead of the click wheel?
A4: touch screen
Q5: What other device shares the interface used by the iPod Touch?
A5: iPhone
Q6: Most iPods feature how many buttons?
A6: five
Q7: The 3rd generation of which iPod model had its controls only on the earphone cable?
A7: Shuffle
Q8: Which other Apple product does the iPod Touch share an interface and OS with?
A8: iPhone
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that computer containing the DRM protected media is authorized to play it.

Q1: What kind of security determines if files moved to a computer can be played?
A1: DRM
Q2: What minimum version of iTunes is required to transfer purchased media from an iPod to an authorized computer?
A2: iTunes 7
Title: Film_speed
Topic: Engineering and technology

where  is the maximum possible exposure that does not lead to a clipped or bloomed camera output. Typically, the lower limit of the saturation speed is determined by the sensor itself, but with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter, the saturation speed can be increased. The factor 78 is chosen such that exposure settings based on a standard light meter and an 18-percent reflective surface will result in an image with a grey level of 18%/√2 = 12.7% of saturation. The factor √2 indicates that there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface.

Q1: What does the sensor usually determine?
A1: lower limit of the saturation speed
Q2: How can the saturation speed be increased?
A2: with the gain of the amplifier between the sensor and the analog-to-digital converter
Q3: What is indicated by the factor √2?
A3: there is half a stop of headroom to deal with specular reflections that would appear brighter than a 100% reflecting white surface
Q4: What can too much exposure lead to?
A4: clipped or bloomed camera output
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

where a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement "without the dielectric" in principle means measurement in free space, an unattainable goal inasmuch as even the quantum vacuum is predicted to exhibit nonideal behavior, such as dichroism. For practical purposes, when measurement errors are taken into account, often a measurement in terrestrial vacuum, or simply a calculation of C0, is sufficiently accurate.)

Q1: How is the complex impedance with dielectric represented mathematically?
A1: Z(ω)
Q2: How is the complex capacitance without dielectric represented mathematically?
A2: C0
Q3: Why is the value of C0 unattainable in reality?
A3: even the quantum vacuum is predicted to exhibit nonideal behavior
Q4: Under what condition is the approximation C0 sufficiently accurate for calculation purposes?
A4: in terrestrial vacuum
Q5: How is the complex capacitance mathematically represented with the dielectric present?
A5: Ccmplx(ω)
Title: Planck_constant
Topic: Mathematics

where the uncertainty is given as the standard deviation of the measured value from its expected value. There are a number of other such pairs of physically measurable values which obey a similar rule. One example is time vs. energy. The either-or nature of uncertainty forces measurement attempts to choose between trade offs, and given that they are quanta, the trade offs often take the form of either-or (as in Fourier analysis), rather than the compromises and gray areas of time series analysis.

Q1:  What measurable value obeys a similar rule of angular momentum?
A1: time vs. energy
Q2: What forces measurement attempts to choose between trade-offs, in quanta?
A2: either-or nature of uncertainty
Q3: What form do measurement attempt trade-offs for quanta take the form of?
A3: either-or (as in Fourier analysis)
Q4: How is uncertainly measured in this experience?
A4: the standard deviation of the measured value from its expected value
Q5: What type of analysis fits the either-or nature of the uncertainty?
A5: Fourier analysis
Q6: What example is given as another paired relationship of uncertainly related to standard deviation?
A6: time vs. energy
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Śuddhodana was determined to see his son become a king, so he prevented him from leaving the palace grounds. But at age 29, despite his father's efforts, Gautama ventured beyond the palace several times. In a series of encounters—known in Buddhist literature as the four sights—he learned of the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man, apparently content and at peace with the world. These experiences prompted Gautama to abandon royal life and take up a spiritual quest.

Q1: What did Śuddhodana do to ensure that his son became a king instead of a holy man?
A1: prevented him from leaving the palace grounds
Q2: How old was Gautama when he first left the palace grounds?
A2: 29
Q3: What happened when Gautama left the palace grounds?
A3: he learned of the suffering of ordinary people
Q4: What are the four sights in Buddhism?
A4: encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse and, finally, an ascetic holy man
Q5: What did Buddha's father want him to become?
A5: a king
Q6: By what age was he venturing outside?
A6: 29
Q7: What were his first four encounters called?
A7: the four sights
Q8: What did Gautama do after learning about the outside world?
A8: abandon royal life
Q9: Suddhodana wanted his son to become what?
A9: a king
Q10: At what age did Gautama venture out from the palace area?
A10: 29
Q11: How many "sights" did Gautama have that are well known?
A11: four
Q12: Gautama encountered an old man, a sick man, a holy man, and a what?
A12: corpse
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Śīla (Sanskrit) or sīla (Pāli) is usually translated into English as "virtuous behavior", "morality", "moral discipline", "ethics" or "precept". It is an action committed through the body, speech, or mind, and involves an intentional effort. It is one of the three practices (sīla, samādhi, and paññā) and the second pāramitā. It refers to moral purity of thought, word, and deed. The four conditions of śīla are chastity, calmness, quiet, and extinguishment.

Q1: What is an action committed through the body and involves intentional effort?
A1: Śīla
Q2: Sila is the second what?
A2: pāramitā
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Śīla is the foundation of Samādhi/Bhāvana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as causes that would bring about peaceful and happy effects. Keeping these precepts keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four woeful realms of existence.

Q1: What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance?
A1: keeping the precepts
Q2: What is the foundation of Samadhi/Bhavana?
A2: Śīla
Q3: What promotes not only the peace of mind but also peace in the community?
A3: keeping the precepts
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Śīla refers to overall principles of ethical behavior. There are several levels of sīla, which correspond to "basic morality" (five precepts), "basic morality with asceticism" (eight precepts), "novice monkhood" (ten precepts) and "monkhood" (Vinaya or Patimokkha). Lay people generally undertake to live by the five precepts, which are common to all Buddhist schools. If they wish, they can choose to undertake the eight precepts, which add basic asceticism.

Q1: What does sila refer to?
A1: overall principles of ethical behavior
Q2: Lay people tend to live by the five what?
A2: precepts
Q3: Schools can undertake eight precepts, which add basic what?
A3: asceticism.
Title: Literature
Topic: Language and literature

“The roots of all our modern academic fields can be found within the pages of literature.”  Literature in all its forms can be seen as written records, whether the literature itself be factual or fictional, it is still quite possible to decipher facts through things like characters’ actions and words or the authors’ style of writing and the intent behind the words. The plot is for more than just entertainment purposes; within it lies information about economics, psychology, science, religions, politics, cultures, and social depth. Studying and analyzing literature becomes very important in terms of learning about our history. Through the study of past literature we are able to learn about how society has evolved and about the societal norms during each of the different periods all throughout history. This can even help us to understand references made in more modern literature because authors often make references to Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments. Not only is there literature written on each of the aforementioned topics themselves, and how they have evolved throughout history (like a book about the history of economics or a book about evolution and science, for example) but we can also learn about these things in fictional works. Authors often include historical moments in their works, like when Lord Byron talks about the Spanish and the French in ‘‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: Canto I’’ and expresses his opinions through his character Childe Harold. Through literature we are able to continuously uncover new information about history. It is easy to see how all academic fields have roots in literature. Information became easier to pass down from generation to generation once we began to write it down. Eventually everything was written down, from things like home remedies and cures for illness, or how to build shelter to traditions and religious practices. From there people were able to study literature, improve on ideas, further our knowledge, and academic fields such as the medical field or trades could be started. In much the same way as the literature that we study today continue to be updated as we continue to evolve and learn more and more.

Q1: Literature, regardless of how the definition is applied, can be interpreted as what?
A1: written records
Q2: We can learn what by carefully examining our literature?
A2: our history
Q3: Who wrote "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto I"?
A3: Lord Byron
Q4: Passing information down through generations was made easier when our society did what?
A4: once we began to write it down
Q5: Authors of literature frequently reference what antecedents?
A5: Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments