LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Marvel_Comics
Topic: Geography and places

A series of new editors-in-chief oversaw the company during another slow time for the industry. Once again, Marvel attempted to diversify, and with the updating of the Comics Code achieved moderate to strong success with titles themed to horror (The Tomb of Dracula), martial arts, (Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu), sword-and-sorcery (Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja), satire (Howard the Duck) and science fiction (2001: A Space Odyssey, "Killraven" in Amazing Adventures, Battlestar Galactica, Star Trek, and, late in the decade, the long-running Star Wars series). Some of these were published in larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint. Marvel was able to capitalize on its successful superhero comics of the previous decade by acquiring a new newsstand distributor and greatly expanding its comics line. Marvel pulled ahead of rival DC Comics in 1972, during a time when the price and format of the standard newsstand comic were in flux. Goodman increased the price and size of Marvel's November 1971 cover-dated comics from 15 cents for 36 pages total to 25 cents for 52 pages. DC followed suit, but Marvel the following month dropped its comics to 20 cents for 36 pages, offering a lower-priced product with a higher distributor discount.

Q1: What situation allowed Marvel to expand into more adult-themed genre stories?
A1: the updating of the Comics Code
Q2: What were two of Marvel's comic heroes in fantasy, swords and magic settings?
A2: Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja
Q3: What waterfowl character had his own satire series of comic books?
A3: Howard the Duck
Q4: In what year did Marvel's sales overtake rival DC?
A4: 1972
Q5: How were some of Marvel's genre titles published in the 1970s?
A5: larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 September and continued the war and for another five months, the German forces fought and defeated new French armies in northern France. Following the Siege of Paris, the capital fell on 28 January 1871 and then a revolutionary uprising called the Paris Commune seized power in the capital and held it for two months, until it was bloodily suppressed by the regular French army at the end of May 1871.

Q1: A series of Prussian and German victories took place in what part of France?
A1: eastern France
Q2: What seige did these victories lead to?
A2: Siege of Metz
Q3: What battle was a result of the Prussian and German victories in eastern France?
A3: Battle of Sedan
Q4: Which army definitively defeated Napolean III?
A4: the army of the Second Empire
Q5: On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris?
A5: 4 September
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A servo system differs from some stepper motor applications in that the position feedback is continuous while the motor is running; a stepper system relies on the motor not to "miss steps" for short term accuracy, although a stepper system may include a "home" switch or other element to provide long-term stability of control. For instance, when a typical dot matrix computer printer starts up, its controller makes the print head stepper motor drive to its left-hand limit, where a position sensor defines home position and stops stepping. As long as power is on, a bidirectional counter in the printer's microprocessor keeps track of print-head position.

Q1: How do servo motors differ from stepper motors?
A1: position feedback is continuous
Q2: How does a stepper system achieve stability?
A2: a "home" switch
Q3: What makes a printer home switch work?
A3: position sensor
Q4: What kind of counter keeps track of a print head's position?
A4: bidirectional
Q5: A stepper system's motor is relied on to not do what?
A5: miss steps
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A servomotor is a motor, very often sold as a complete module, which is used within a position-control or speed-control feedback control system mainly control valves, such as motor-operated control valves. Servomotors are used in applications such as machine tools, pen plotters, and other process systems. Motors intended for use in a servomechanism must have well-documented characteristics for speed, torque, and power. The speed vs. torque curve is quite important and is high ratio for a servo motor. Dynamic response characteristics such as winding inductance and rotor inertia are also important; these factors limit the overall performance of the servomechanism loop. Large, powerful, but slow-responding servo loops may use conventional AC or DC motors and drive systems with position or speed feedback on the motor. As dynamic response requirements increase, more specialized motor designs such as coreless motors are used. AC motors' superior power density and acceleration characteristics compared to that of DC motors tends to favor PM synchronous, BLDC, induction, and SRM drive applications.

Q1: What may servo motors be used for?
A1: machine tools, pen plotters, and other process systems
Q2: What must be well understood when applying a servo motor for use?
A2: speed, torque, and power
Q3: What factors limit performance of servo motors?
A3: winding inductance and rotor inertia
Q4: Large, slow servos can use what types of motors?
A4: conventional AC or DC motors
Q5: When might coreless motors be used in servo applications?
A5: As dynamic response requirements increase
Title: Seattle
Topic: History

A shipbuilding boom in the early part of the 20th century became massive during World War I, making Seattle somewhat of a company town; the subsequent retrenchment led to the Seattle General Strike of 1919, the first general strike in the country. A 1912 city development plan by Virgil Bogue went largely unused. Seattle was mildly prosperous in the 1920s but was particularly hard hit in the Great Depression, experiencing some of the country's harshest labor strife in that era. Violence during the Maritime Strike of 1934 cost Seattle much of its maritime traffic, which was rerouted to the Port of Los Angeles.

Q1: When was ship building the economic master in Seattle?
A1: World War I
Q2: What was the first general labor strike in the 20th century?
A2: Seattle General Strike
Q3: When did the General Strike happen in Seattle?
A3: 1919
Q4: What major strike in 1934 damaged Seattle's maritime economy?
A4: Maritime Strike
Q5: What city profited by Seattle's Maritime Strike?
A5: Port of Los Angeles.
Title: Neolithic
Topic: History

A significant and far-reaching shift in human subsistence and lifestyle was to be brought about in areas where crop farming and cultivation were first developed: the previous reliance on an essentially nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique or pastoral transhumance was at first supplemented, and then increasingly replaced by, a reliance upon the foods produced from cultivated lands. These developments are also believed to have greatly encouraged the growth of settlements, since it may be supposed that the increased need to spend more time and labor in tending crop fields required more localized dwellings. This trend would continue into the Bronze Age, eventually giving rise to permanently settled farming towns, and later cities and states whose larger populations could be sustained by the increased productivity from cultivated lands.

Q1: What trend led to a major shift in the livelihoods of early cultures?
A1: crop farming and cultivation
Q2: What behavior did humans rely on to survive before agriculture?
A2: nomadic hunter-gatherer subsistence technique
Q3: What era saw an increase in permanently settled farming towns?
A3: the Bronze Age
Title: Cubism
Topic: Art and architecture

A significant modification of Cubism between 1914 and 1916 was signaled by a shift towards a strong emphasis on large overlapping geometric planes and flat surface activity. This grouping of styles of painting and sculpture, especially significant between 1917 and 1920, was practiced by several artists; particularly those under contract with the art dealer and collector Léonce Rosenberg. The tightening of the compositions, the clarity and sense of order reflected in these works, led to its being referred to by the critic Maurice Raynal (fr) as 'crystal' Cubism. Considerations manifested by Cubists prior to the outset of World War I—such as the fourth dimension, dynamism of modern life, the occult, and Henri Bergson's concept of duration—had now been vacated, replaced by a purely formal frame of reference.

Q1: What did the critic Maurice Raynal begin to refer to Cubism in around 1917-1920?
A1: 'crystal' Cubism
Q2: Who's concept of duration was left  behind for a for more concrete frame's of references? 
A2: Henri Bergson's
Q3: What was the first time period that a significant change began to happen in Cubism?
A3: 1914 and 1916
Q4: What was the second time period that a significant change began to happen in Cubism?
A4: between 1917 and 1920
Title: Literature
Topic: Language and literature

A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate information. As a result, the writing in these fields often lacks a literary quality, although it often(and in its better moments)has that quality. Major "literary" historians include Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius, all of whom count as canonical literary figures.

Q1: What is literary historical writing sometimes called?
A1: creative nonfiction
Q2: Reporting that attempts a creative or literary bent is sometimes called what?
A2: literary journalism
Q3: What is the main function of journalism or historical documentation?
A3: to record data or convey immediate information
Q4: Who are some classic historians regarded as literary historians?
A4: Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius
Title: East_Prussia
Topic: History

A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Fritz or Hans, a cause for anti-German discrimination. The Soviet authorities considered the Curonians fascists. Because of this discrimination, many immigrated to West Germany in 1958, where the majority of Curonians now live.

Q1: What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia?
A1: expelled by the Soviet Union
Q2: What did the Russians consider Curonians?
A2: fascists
Q3: Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958?
A3: West Germany
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

A similar situation occurs with waders (called shorebirds in North America). Many species, such as dunlin Calidris alpina and western sandpiper Calidris mauri, undertake long movements from their Arctic breeding grounds to warmer locations in the same hemisphere, but others such as semipalmated sandpiper C. pusilla travel longer distances to the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere.

Q1: What are waders called in North America?
A1: shorebirds
Q2: Where do dunlin Calidris alpina migrate to?
A2: warmer locations in the same hemisphere
Q3: Where do semiplamated sandpiper C. pusilla migrate to?
A3: the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere
Q4: Where do western sandpiper Calidris migrate from?
A4: Arctic breeding grounds
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A similar story is mentioned by Plutarch. He writes that the Cretan seer Epimenides purified Athens after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae, and that the seer's expertise in sacrifices and reform of funeral practices were of great help to Solon in his reform of the Athenian state. The story indicates that Epimenides was probably heir to the shamanic religions of Asia, and proves, together with the Homeric hymn, that Crete had a resisting religion up to historical times. It seems that these rituals were dormant in Greece, and they were reinforced when the Greeks migrated to Anatolia.

Q1: Who is the Cretan seer that purified Athen after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae?
A1: Epimenides
Q2: Who told the story of the Cretan seer Epimenides?
A2: Plutarch
Q3: What group was probably heir to the shemanic religions of Asia?
A3: Epimenides
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

A similar struggle began in India when the Government of India Act 1919 failed to satisfy demand for independence. Concerns over communist and foreign plots following the Ghadar Conspiracy ensured that war-time strictures were renewed by the Rowlatt Acts. This led to tension, particularly in the Punjab region, where repressive measures culminated in the Amritsar Massacre. In Britain public opinion was divided over the morality of the event, between those who saw it as having saved India from anarchy, and those who viewed it with revulsion. The subsequent Non-Co-Operation movement was called off in March 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident, and discontent continued to simmer for the next 25 years.

Q1: When was the Government of India Act passed?
A1: 1919
Q2: What event stoked fears of communist plots in India?
A2: the Ghadar Conspiracy
Q3: In what region was the Amritsar Massacre?
A3: Punjab
Q4: The Chauri Chaura incident led to the end of what movement?
A4: Non-Co-Operation
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

A situated perspective on emotion, developed by Paul E. Griffiths and Andrea Scarantino , emphasizes the importance of external factors in the development and communication of emotion, drawing upon the situationism approach in psychology. This theory is markedly different from both cognitivist and neo-Jamesian theories of emotion, both of which see emotion as a purely internal process, with the environment only acting as a stimulus to the emotion. In contrast, a situationist perspective on emotion views emotion as the product of an organism investigating its environment, and observing the responses of other organisms. Emotion stimulates the evolution of social relationships, acting as a signal to mediate the behavior of other organisms. In some contexts, the expression of emotion (both voluntary and involuntary) could be seen as strategic moves in the transactions between different organisms. The situated perspective on emotion states that conceptual thought is not an inherent part of emotion, since emotion is an action-oriented form of skillful engagement with the world. Griffiths and Scarantino suggested that this perspective on emotion could be helpful in understanding phobias, as well as the emotions of infants and animals.

Q1: Who developed a situated perspective on emotion along with Andrea Scarantino?
A1: Paul E. Griffiths
Q2: What factors did the situated perspective believe to be most important?
A2: external
Q3: The situated perspective was influenced by what school of thought?
A3: situationism
Q4: Along with infant and animal emotion, what did Scarantino and Griffiths believe the situated perspective could help to explain?
A4: phobias
Title: Swaziland
Topic: Geography and places

A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at approximately 26°30'S, 31°30'E. Swaziland has a wide variety of landscapes, from the mountains along the Mozambican border to savannas in the east and rain forest in the northwest. Several rivers flow through the country, such as the Great Usutu River.

Q1: What nation is to the east of Swaziland?
A1: Mozambique
Q2: What nation is on the north, east, and western borders of Swaziland?
A2: Republic of South Africa
Q3: How large in square kilometers is Swaziland?
A3: 17,364 km2
Q4: How many geographical regions are within Swaziland?
A4: four
Q5: In which region is there rain forest in Swaziland?
A5: the northwest
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bible reading outside of religious services, belief their prayers are answered, belief that their religion can only be interpreted one way, belief that theirs is the only one true faith leading to eternal life, opposition to abortion, and opposition to homosexuality. In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having earned a graduate degree and interest in politics.

Q1: Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in people whose education extended no further than what?
A1: high school graduation
Q2: Compared to other religions, Jehovah's Witnesses have the highest frequency of doing what with the Bible outside of religious services?
A2: reading
Q3: What religion ranks highest in frequency of religious attendance? 
A3: Jehovah's Witnesses
Q4: Statistically, what is a Jehovah's Witnesses likely not to care about at all?
A4: politics
Q5: What do few Jehovah's Witnesses earn?
A5: a graduate degree
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

Q1: What is a solar balloon?
A1: a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air
Q2: What happens when sunlight shines on a solar balloon?
A2: the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force
Q3: What is the use of solar balloons typically limited to?
A3: the toy market
Q4: Why is the use of solar balloons typically limited to the toy market?
A4: the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.

Q1: What kind of system is a solar chimney?
A1: passive solar ventilation
Q2: What is a solar chimney?
A2: a passive solar ventilation system
Q3: What is a solar chimney made of?
A3: a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building
Q4: How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved?
A4: by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses
Title: Pitch_(music)
Topic: Music

A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental. Whether or not the higher frequencies are integer multiples, they are collectively called the partials, referring to the different parts that make up the total spectrum.

Q1: This produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously?
A1: sound generated
Q2: A listener can hear how many frequencies at once?
A2: numerous
Q3: Harmonics are an important class of what?
A3: overtones
Q4: Integer multiples are collectively called? 
A4: the partials
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo. Members are obligated to publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events such as concerts and recitals.

Q1: Who created El Colegio Nacional?
A1: Miguel Alemán Valdés
Q2: Where do the superior artists and scientists of Mexico City have the option to attend?
A2: El Colegio Nacional
Q3: What must members of El Colegio Nacional do?
A3: publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events
Q4: What is El Colegio Nacional modeled after?
A4: College of France
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

A special tribute to Simon Cowell was presented in the finale for his final season with the show. Many figures from the show's past, including Paula Abdul, made an appearance.

Q1: Who had their final season in the show in season nine?
A1: Simon Cowell
Q2: Why did Paula Abdul appear on the season nine finale of American Idol?
A2: tribute to Simon Cowell
Q3: Who had a special tribute at the finale?
A3: Simon Cowell
Q4: Which former Idol star made an appearance for Cowell's tribute?
A4: Paula Abdul
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. A "species" under the act can be a true taxonomic species, a subspecies, or in the case of vertebrates, a "distinct population segment." The procedures are the same for both types except with the person/organization petition, there is a 90-day screening period.

Q1: How many different ways can a species be added to the endangered list?
A1: two ways
Q2: What federal program is used to list a species?
A2: candidate assessment program
Q3: How long is the screening period of an individual's or organization's petition to add a species to the list
A3: 90-day screening period
Q4: In the case of vertebrates, what is the most lenient interpretation of "species"?
A4: a "distinct population segment."
Title: Poultry
Topic: Natural sciences

A squab is the name given to the young of domestic pigeons that are destined for the table. Like other domesticated pigeons, birds used for this purpose are descended from the rock pigeon (Columba livia). Special utility breeds with desirable characteristics are used. Two eggs are laid and incubated for about 17 days. When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop. Squabs grow rapidly, but are slow to fledge and are ready to leave the nest at 26 to 30 days weighing about 500 g (18 oz). By this time, the adult pigeons will have laid and be incubating another pair of eggs and a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months.

Q1: What is the gourmet title given to pigeons ?
A1: A squab
Q2: From what variety of pigeon does the squab decen?
A2: rock pigeon (Columba livia)
Q3: Are squabs treated differently from other piegons by humans aside from consumption?
A3: When they hatch, the squabs are fed by both parents on "pigeon's milk", a thick secretion high in protein produced by the crop
Q4: How often are pigeons able to breed for the consumption process ?
A4: a prolific pair should produce two squabs every four weeks during a breeding season lasting several months
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken.

Q1: How many periods are in a standard football match?
A1: two
Q2: How long are each period in a standard football match?
A2: 45
Q3: What are the periods in a football match called?
A3: halves
Q4: Who gets to decide how long stoppage time can go on for?
A4: referee
Q5: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?
A5: 1891
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

A standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or "standard language") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the "correct" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbooks that set forth a correct spoken and written form; and an extensive formal literature that employs that dialect (prose, poetry, non-fiction, etc.). There may be multiple standard dialects associated with a single language. For example, Standard American English, Standard British English, Standard Canadian English, Standard Indian English, Standard Australian English, and Standard Philippine English may all be said to be standard dialects of the English language.

Q1: What is another term for a standard or standardized dialect?
A1: standard language
Q2: The support of what groups results in a dialect being standardized?
A2: institutions
Q3: Along with grammars and dictionaries, what publications help a dialect to become standardized?
A3: textbooks
Q4: Standard Philippine English is a standard dialect of of what language?
A4: English
Q5: Recognition from what body may help a dialect to become standardized?
A5: government
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

A staple for consumers in the city is the omnipresent "mercado". Every major neighborhood in the city has its own borough-regulated market, often more than one. These are large well-established facilities offering most basic products, such as fresh produce and meat/poultry, dry goods, tortillerías, and many other services such as locksmiths, herbal medicine, hardware goods, sewing implements; and a multitude of stands offering freshly made, home-style cooking and drinks in the tradition of aguas frescas and atole.

Q1: What are the markets called that are located and run by the boroughs?
A1: mercado
Q2: What are some of the traditional drinks of Mexico City?
A2: aguas frescas and atole
Q3: What is the centerpiece of Mexico City's markets
A3: mercado
Q4: The author uses which adjective to describe the mercados?
A4: omnipresent
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

A state's consent may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion, which formed the "essential basis" of the state's consent. Consent will not be invalidated if the misunderstanding was due to the state's own conduct, or if the truth should have been evident.

Q1: What on behalf of a state cannot invalidate that state's consent to a treaty?
A1: own conduct
Q2: Consent to a treaty will not be invalidated if what should have been evident?
A2: the truth
Q3: What may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion of a treaty?
A3: A state's consent
Q4: An erroneous understanding of a fact or situation may only invalidate a state's consent to a treaty if what is also true about the erroneous understanding?
A4: formed the "essential basis" of the state's consent
Q5: What, if it formed the "essential basis" of a state's consent to a treaty, may invalidate that consent?
A5: an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

A striking technical innovation of the Komnenian period was the production of very precious, miniature mosaic icons. In these icons the small tesserae (with sides of 1 mm or less) were set on wax or resin on a wooden panel. These products of extraordinary craftmanship were intended for private devotion. The Louvre Transfiguration is a very fine example from the late 12th century. The miniature mosaic of Christ in the Museo Nazionale at Florence illustrates the more gentle, humanistic conception of Christ which appeared in the 12th century.

Q1: How big were the tesserae in the Komnenian period miniature mosaic icons?
A1: 1 mm or less
Q2: What were the tesserae usually set in for miniature mosaic icons?
A2: wax or resin
Q3: The more humanistic conception of Christ appeared when?
A3: in the 12th century
Q4: What was the intended purpose of the miniature mosaic icons?
A4: private devotion
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus. The success of the ensemble was emulated by other regional conductors, and a rich tradition of a cappella choral music was born in the region at colleges like Concordia College (Moorhead, Minnesota), Augustana College (Rock Island, Illinois), Wartburg College (Waverly, Iowa), Luther College (Decorah, Iowa), Gustavus Adolphus College (St. Peter, Minnesota), Augustana College (Sioux Falls, South Dakota), and Augsburg College (Minneapolis, Minnesota). The choirs typically range from 40 to 80 singers and are recognized for their efforts to perfect blend, intonation, phrasing and pitch in a large choral setting.

Q1: When did a cappella begin to take hold in the United States?
A1: 1911
Q2: What was the name of the choir F. Mellus Christiansen used?
A2: The St. Olaf College Choir
Q3: How many singers are typically in the choirs?
A3: 40 to 80
Q4: Who did the St. Olaf Choir influence?
A4: other regional conductors
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

A strong consistent theme in his family-friendly work is a childlike, even naïve, sense of wonder and faith, as attested by works such as Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, A.I. Artificial Intelligence and The BFG. According to Warren Buckland, these themes are portrayed through the use of low height camera tracking shots, which have become one of Spielberg's directing trademarks. In the cases when his films include children (E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Empire of the Sun, Jurassic Park, etc.), this type of shot is more apparent, but it is also used in films like Munich, Saving Private Ryan, The Terminal, Minority Report, and Amistad. If one views each of his films, one will see this shot utilized by the director, notably the water scenes in Jaws are filmed from the low-angle perspective of someone swimming. Another child oriented theme in Spielberg's films is that of loss of innocence and coming-of-age. In Empire of the Sun, Jim, a well-groomed and spoiled English youth, loses his innocence as he suffers through World War II China. Similarly, in Catch Me If You Can, Frank naively and foolishly believes that he can reclaim his shattered family if he accumulates enough money to support them.

Q1: Which Spielberg films are examples of a childlike sense of wonder?
A1: Close Encounters of the Third Kind, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, A.I. Artificial Intelligence and The BFG
Q2: What camera style does Spielberg often use?
A2: low height camera tracking shots
Q3: What are some Spielberg films that included kids?
A3: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Empire of the Sun, Jurassic Park
Q4: How were the water scenes in Jaws filmed?
A4: from the low-angle perspective of someone swimming
Q5: Who is naive in 'Catch Me if You Can'?
A5: Frank
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

A struggle for succession in the mid-twelfth century gave the Fujiwara an opportunity to regain their former power. Fujiwara no Yorinaga sided with the retired emperor in a violent battle in 1156 against the heir apparent, who was supported by the Taira and Minamoto (Hōgen Rebellion). In the end, the Fujiwara were destroyed, the old system of government supplanted, and the insei system left powerless as bushi took control of court affairs, marking a turning point in Japanese history. In 1159, the Taira and Minamoto clashed (Heiji Rebellion), and a twenty-year period of Taira ascendancy began.

Q1: What member of the Fujiwara attempted to rebel in the mid-twelfth century?
A1: Fujiwara no Yorinaga
Q2: What battle resulted in the destruction of the Fujiwara?
A2: Hōgen Rebellion
Q3: What clans fought during the Heiji Rebellion?
A3: Taira and Minamoto
Q4: In what year did the Heiji Rebellion occur?
A4: 1159
Q5: After the Heiji Rebellion, what clan grew in power?
A5: Taira
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

A study conducted in 1972 and 1981, documented by Robert Ulrich, surveyed 23 surgical patients assigned to rooms looking out on a natural scene. The study concluded that patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light had shorter postoperative hospital stays, received fewer negative evaluative comments in nurses’ notes, and took fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients in similar rooms with windows facing a brick wall. This study suggests that due to the nature of the scenery and daylight exposure was indeed healthier for patients as opposed to those exposed to little light from the brick wall. In addition to increased work performance, proper usage of windows and daylighting crosses the boundaries between pure aesthetics and overall health.

Q1: Who documented 23 surgical patients assigned rooms looking out on a natural scene?
A1: Robert Ulrich
Q2: Did the patients with natural scenes have longer postoperative hospital stays?
A2: no
Q3: Did patients that have natural scenes require more potent analgesics?
A3: no
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

A study from the Mediterranean Migration Observatory maintains that the 2001 census recorded 762,191 persons residing in Greece without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of the non-citizen residents, 48,560 were EU or European Free Trade Association nationals and 17,426 were Cypriots with privileged status. The majority come from Eastern European countries: Albania (56%), Bulgaria (5%) and Romania (3%), while migrants from the former Soviet Union (Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.) comprise 10% of the total. Some of the immigrants from Albania are from the Greek minority in Albania centred on the region of Northern Epirus. In addition the total Albanian national population which includes temporary migrants and undocumented persons is around 600,000.

Q1: In 2001, how many Greek residents were not citizens?
A1: 762,191
Q2: In 2001, what was the population percentage of resident non-citizens?
A2: 7%
Q3: From where did most non-citizen residents come? 
A3: Eastern European countries
Q4: What is the total Albanian population in Greece?
A4: 600,000
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

A study in 2007 by Mark Long, an economics professor at the University of Washington, demonstrated that the alternatives of affirmative action proved ineffective in restoring minority enrollment in public flagship universities in California, Texas, and Washington. More specifically, apparent rebounds of minority enrollment can be explained by increasing minority enrollment in high schools of those states, and the beneficiaries of class-based (not race) affirmative action would be white students. At the same time, affirmative action itself is both morally and materially costly: 52 percent of white populace (compared to 14 percent of black) thought it should be abolished, implying white distaste of using racial identity, and full-file review is expected to cost the universities an additional $1.5 million to $2 million per year, excluding possible cost of litigation.

Q1: What area of study did professor Mark Long have a degree in?
A1: economics
Q2: In which year did Long publish his study?
A2: 2007
Q3: How were rebounds of minority enrollment explained in Long's report?
A3: increasing minority enrollment in high schools
Q4: Who would supposedly be the beneficiaries of a class-based style affirmative action?
A4: white students
Q5: What percentage of the black population thought affirmative action should be abolished?
A5: 14
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said.

Q1: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common with what other people?
A1: Middle Eastern peoples
Q2: It was found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are uncommon with what other people?
A2: uncommon in the general European population
Q3: The findings related to the Y-chromosomes suggest that males ancestors of Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to where?
A3: the Middle East
Title: Beer
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

A study published in the Neuropsychopharmacology journal in 2013 revealed the finding that the flavour of beer alone could provoke dopamine activity in the brain of the male participants, who wanted to drink more as a result. The 49 men in the study were subject to positron emission tomography scans, while a computer-controlled device sprayed minute amounts of beer, water and a sports drink onto their tongues. Compared with the taste of the sports drink, the taste of beer significantly increased the participants desire to drink. Test results indicated that the flavour of the beer triggered a dopamine release, even though alcohol content in the spray was insufficient for the purpose of becoming intoxicated.

Q1: What hormone can be triggered by the flavor of beer alone in males?
A1: dopamine
Q2: What year did the Neuropsychopharmacology journal publist a study about the effect on the brain of beers flavor?
A2: 2013
Q3: What taste could significantly impact a man's desire to drink?
A3: beer
Q4: How many men were studied for tests on the flavor of beer in the Neuropsychopharmacology journal in 2013?
A4: 49
Title: Kanye_West
Topic: Music

A substantial number of artists and other figures have been influenced by, or complimented, West's work, including hip hop artists RZA of Wu-Tang Clan, Chuck D of Public Enemy, and DJ Premier of Gang Starr. Both Drake and Casey Veggies have acknowledged being influenced directly by West. Non-rap artists such as English singer-songwriters Adele and Lily Allen, New Zealand artist Lorde, rock band Arctic Monkeys, pop singer Halsey, Sergio Pizzorno of English rock band Kasabian and American indie rock group MGMT have cited West as an influence. Experimental and electronic artists such as James Blake Daniel Lopatin, and Tim Hecker have also cited West's work as an inspiration. Experimental rock pioneer and Velvet Underground founder Lou Reed, in a review of West's album Yeezus, wrote that "the guy really, really, really is talented. He's really trying to raise the bar. No one's near doing what he’s doing, it’s not even on the same planet." Musicians such as Paul McCartney and Prince have also commended West's work. Famed Tesla Motors CEO and inventor Elon Musk complimented West in a piece for Time Magazine's 100 most influential people list, writing that:

Q1: A number of artists have cited Kanye as being what to them?
A1: influential
Q2: Who complimented West in Time Magazine?
A2: inventor Elon Musk
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor distinguished by a rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the same rate as the AC and resulting magnetic field which drives it. Another way of saying this is that it has zero slip under usual operating conditions. Contrast this with an induction motor, which must slip to produce torque. One type of synchronous motor is like an induction motor except the rotor is excited by a DC field. Slip rings and brushes are used to conduct current to the rotor. The rotor poles connect to each other and move at the same speed hence the name synchronous motor. Another type, for low load torque, has flats ground onto a conventional squirrel-cage rotor to create discrete poles. Yet another, such as made by Hammond for its pre-World War II clocks, and in the older Hammond organs, has no rotor windings and discrete poles. It is not self-starting. The clock requires manual starting by a small knob on the back, while the older Hammond organs had an auxiliary starting motor connected by a spring-loaded manually operated switch.

Q1: How much slip does a synchronous motor have?
A1: zero
Q2: How does an induction motor produce torque?
A2: slip
Q3: Whithout rotor windings, how must a Hammond clock be started?
A3: manually
Q4: How can a synchronous motor be made more like an induction motor?
A4: DC field
Q5: How is current brought to the rotor in a synchronous motor?
A5: Slip rings and brushes
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

A team led by Enrico Fermi in 1934 observed that bombarding uranium with neutrons produces the emission of beta rays (electrons or positrons from the elements produced; see beta particle). The fission products were at first mistaken for new elements of atomic numbers 93 and 94, which the Dean of the Faculty of Rome, Orso Mario Corbino, christened ausonium and hesperium, respectively. The experiments leading to the discovery of uranium's ability to fission (break apart) into lighter elements and release binding energy were conducted by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in Hahn's laboratory in Berlin. Lise Meitner and her nephew, the physicist Otto Robert Frisch, published the physical explanation in February 1939 and named the process "nuclear fission". Soon after, Fermi hypothesized that the fission of uranium might release enough neutrons to sustain a fission reaction. Confirmation of this hypothesis came in 1939, and later work found that on average about 2.5 neutrons are released by each fission of the rare uranium isotope uranium-235. Further work found that the far more common uranium-238 isotope can be transmuted into plutonium, which, like uranium-235, is also fissile by thermal neutrons. These discoveries led numerous countries to begin working on the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear power.

Q1: When was it observed that bombarding uranium with neutrons results in beta ray emission?
A1: 1934
Q2: Who led the team that discovered that bombarding uranium with neutrons created beta ray emissions?
A2: Enrico Fermi
Q3: What was the name given by Corbino to the incorrectly designated atomic number 94?
A3: hesperium
Q4: What was the job title of Orso Mario Corbino?
A4: Dean of the Faculty of Rome
Q5: Who was the aunt of Otto Robert Frisch?
A5: Lise Meitner
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

A test given to new students by Stanford University Music Professor Jonathan Berger showed that student preference for MP3-quality music has risen each year. Berger said the students seem to prefer the 'sizzle' sounds that MP3s bring to music.

Q1: Who gave students a test to determine their preferences?
A1: Music Professor Jonathan Berger
Q2: Where was a test performed to collect data on student preference for MP3 quality?
A2: Stanford University
Q3: Data showed that students' preference for MP3 quality music followed which trend?
A3: risen each year
Q4: What kind of sound did students seem to prefer?
A4: sizzle
Title: Quran
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A text is self-referential when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this metatextuality by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran refers to itself as revelation (tanzil), remembrance (dhikr), news (naba'), criterion (furqan) in a self-designating manner (explicitly asserting its Divinity, "And this is a blessed Remembrance that We have sent down; so are you now denying it?"), or in the frequent appearance of the "Say" tags, when Muhammad is commanded to speak (e.g., "Say: 'God's guidance is the true guidance' ", "Say: 'Would you then dispute with us concerning God?' "). According to Wild the Quran is highly self-referential. The feature is more evident in early Meccan suras.

Q1: What metatextual character does Stefan Wild focus on in his discussion of the Quran?
A1: Self-referentiality
Q2: What quality does the Quran claim in the different ways in which it refers to itself?
A2: Divinity
Q3: Which term that the Quran uses for itself means "news"?
A3: naba'
Q4: The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras?
A4: early Meccan suras