LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

A few centuries later, coinciding with the first waves of the invading Germanic peoples (Suevi, Vandals and Alans, and later the Visigoths) and the power vacuum left by the demise of the Roman imperial administration, the church assumed the reins of power in the city and replaced the old Roman temples with religious buildings. With the Byzantine invasion of the southwestern Iberian peninsula in 554 the city acquired strategic importance. After the expulsion of the Byzantines in 625, Visigothic military contingents were posted there and the ancient Roman amphitheatre was fortified. Little is known of its history for nearly a hundred years; although this period is only scarcely documented by archeology, excavations suggest that there was little development of the city. During Visigothic times Valencia was an episcopal See of the Catholic Church, albeit a suffragan diocese subordinate to the archdiocese of Toledo, comprising the ancient Roman province of Carthaginensis in Hispania.

Q1: When did the Byzantines invade the Iberian peninsula?
A1: 554
Q2: When were the Byzantines expelled?
A2: 625
Q3: What archdiocese was Valencia under during the time of the Visigoths?
A3: Toledo
Q4: Who took power in Valencia after the Roman administration was gone?
A4: the church
Q5: After the Byzantines left, who was stationed in Valencia?
A5: Visigothic military contingents
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

A few days before the fall of the city, the National Government of China was relocated to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing) and resumed Chinese resistance. In 1940, a Japanese-collaborationist government known as the "Nanjing Regime" or "Reorganized National Government of China" led by Wang Jingwei was established in Nanjing as a rival to Chiang Kai-shek's government in Chongqing. In 1946, after the Surrender of Japan, the KMT relocated its central government back to Nanjing.

Q1: When was the National Government of China moved to Chungking?
A1: A few days before the fall of the city
Q2: When was the Nanjing Regime established?
A2: 1940
Q3: Who was the leader of the Nanjing Regime?
A3: Wang Jingwei
Q4: When did the KMT move back to Nanjing?
A4: 1946
Q5: What was another name for the Nanjing Regime?
A5: "Reorganized National Government of China"
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

A few glaciers have periods of very rapid advancement called surges. These glaciers exhibit normal movement until suddenly they accelerate, then return to their previous state. During these surges, the glacier may reach velocities far greater than normal speed. These surges may be caused by failure of the underlying bedrock, the pooling of meltwater at the base of the glacier — perhaps delivered from a supraglacial lake — or the simple accumulation of mass beyond a critical "tipping point". Temporary rates up to 90 m (300 ft) per day have occurred when increased temperature or overlying pressure caused bottom ice to melt and water to accumulate beneath a glacier.

Q1: What is a glacial surge?
A1: periods of very rapid advancement
Q2: What failure causes surges?
A2: failure of the underlying bedrock
Q3: At what rate have glaciers travelled during surges?
A3: 90 m (300 ft) per day
Title: Hard_rock
Topic: Music

A few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Bon Jovi were still able to achieve a commercial hit with "It's My Life" from their double platinum-certified album Crush (2000). and AC/DC released the platinum-certified Stiff Upper Lip (2000) Aerosmith released a number two platinum album, Just Push Play (2001), which saw the band foray further into pop with the Top 10 hit "Jaded", and a blues cover album, Honkin' on Bobo, which reached number five in 2004. Heart achieved their first Top 10 album since the early 90s with Red Velvet Car in 2010, becoming the first female-led hard rock band to earn Top 10 albums spanning five decades. There were reunions and subsequent tours from Van Halen (with Hagar in 2004 and then Roth in 2007), The Who (delayed in 2002 by the death of bassist John Entwistle until 2006) and Black Sabbath (with Osbourne 1997–2006 and Dio 2006–2010) and even a one off performance by Led Zeppelin (2007), renewing the interest in previous eras. Additionally, hard rock supergroups, such as Audioslave (with former members of Rage Against the Machine and Soundgarden) and Velvet Revolver (with former members of Guns N' Roses, punk band Wasted Youth and Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland), emerged and experienced some success. However, these bands were short-lived, ending in 2007 and 2008, respectively. The long awaited Guns N' Roses album Chinese Democracy was finally released in 2008, but only went platinum and failed to come close to the success of the band's late 1980s and early 1990s material. More successfully, AC/DC released the double platinum-certified Black Ice (2008). Bon Jovi continued to enjoy success, branching into country music with "Who Says You Can't Go Home", which reached number one on the Hot Country Singles chart in 2006, and the rock/country album Lost Highway, which reached number one in 2007. In 2009, Bon Jovi released another number one album, The Circle, which marked a return to their hard rock sound.

Q1: What hard rock supergroup contained members of Soundgarden and Rage Against the Machine?
A1: Audioslave
Q2: What was the title of Bon Jovi's 2000 hit single?
A2: "It's My Life"
Q3: What band released an album called Stiff Upper Lip in 2000?
A3: AC/DC
Q4: Who was the lead singer of Stone Temple Pilots?
A4: Scott Weiland
Q5: What was Guns N Roses long delayed 2008 album called?
A5: Chinese Democracy
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

A few insects, such as members of the families Poduridae and Onychiuridae (Collembola), Mycetophilidae (Diptera) and the beetle families Lampyridae, Phengodidae, Elateridae and Staphylinidae are bioluminescent. The most familiar group are the fireflies, beetles of the family Lampyridae. Some species are able to control this light generation to produce flashes. The function varies with some species using them to attract mates, while others use them to lure prey. Cave dwelling larvae of Arachnocampa (Mycetophilidae, Fungus gnats) glow to lure small flying insects into sticky strands of silk. Some fireflies of the genus Photuris mimic the flashing of female Photinus species to attract males of that species, which are then captured and devoured. The colors of emitted light vary from dull blue (Orfelia fultoni, Mycetophilidae) to the familiar greens and the rare reds (Phrixothrix tiemanni, Phengodidae).

Q1: What is another name for Colleobola?
A1: Onychiuridae
Q2: Mycetophilldae is another name for what?
A2: Diptera
Q3: Phengodidae is party of what insect family?
A3: beetle
Q4: Elateridae and Staphylinidae are what kind of luminescent?
A4: bioluminescent
Q5: What kind of fly mimics the flashing of female Photinus to attract males?
A5: fireflies
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

A few lines of the Paris Métro in France operate on a four-rail power scheme because they run on rubber tyres which run on a pair of narrow roadways made of steel and, in some places, concrete. Since the tyres do not conduct the return current, the two guide rails provided outside the running 'roadways' double up as conductor rails, so at least electrically it is a four-rail scheme. One of the guide rails is bonded to the return conventional running rails situated inside the roadway so a single polarity supply is required. The trains are designed to operate from either polarity of supply, because some lines use reversing loops at one end, causing the train to be reversed during every complete journey. The loop was originally provided to save the original steam locomotives having to 'run around' the rest of the train saving much time. Today, the driver does not have to change ends at termini provided with such a loop, but the time saving is not so significant as it takes almost as long to drive round the loop as it does to change ends. Many of the original loops have been lost as lines were extended.

Q1: Why some lines of Paris Metro have to operate on a four-rail system?
A1: rubber tyres
Q2: What was the solution for the return current problem in Paris Metro?
A2: two guide rails
Q3: What is required in order for the guide rails to operate properly?
A3: a single polarity supply
Q4: How train is able to turn around after each completed journey?
A4: reversing loops
Q5: Why was the reversing loop created?
A5: having to 'run around' the rest of the train
Title: Pub
Topic: History

A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed]

Q1: Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs?
A1: stand-up comedy
Q2: Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs?
A2: juke boxes
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A few special additions enhance the language-learning experience. For example, BYU's International Cinema, featuring films in several languages, is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the country. As already noted, BYU also offers an intensive foreign language living experience, the Foreign Language Student Residence. This is an on-campus apartment complex where students commit to speak only their chosen foreign language while in their apartments. Each apartment has at least one native speaker to ensure correct language usage.

Q1: What is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the U.S.?
A1: BYU's International Cinema
Q2: What is the name of BYU's foreign language living experience?
A2: Foreign Language Student Residence
Q3: As part of the Foreign Language Student Residence program, what do students commit to speak while in their apartments?
A3: only their chosen foreign language
Q4: How many native speakers are in each apartment building in the Foreign Language Student Residence program?
A4: at least one
Q5: Which BYU building features films in several languages?
A5: International Cinema
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

A few years after its foundation, Montevideo became the main city of the region north of the Río de la Plata and east of the Uruguay River, competing with Buenos Aires for dominance in maritime commerce. The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata brought it in confrontations with the city of Buenos Aires in various occasions, including several times when it was taken over to be used as a base to defend the eastern province of the Viceroyalty from Portuguese incursions.

Q1: What became the main city of the region north of the Rio de la Plata?
A1: Montevideo
Q2: What were Buenos Aires and Montevideo fighting for dominance over?
A2: maritime commerce
Q3: The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata brought confrontations with what city?
A3: Buenos Aires
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most were built from mercantile hulls or, in the case of merchant aircraft carriers, were bulk cargo ships with a flight deck added on top. Light aircraft carriers were carriers that were fast enough to operate with the fleet but of smaller size with reduced aircraft capacity. Soviet aircraft carriers now in use by Russia are actually called heavy aviation cruisers, these ships while sized in the range of large fleet carriers were designed to deploy alone or with escorts and provide both strong defensive weaponry and heavy offensive missiles equivalent to a guided missile cruiser in addition to supporting fighters and helicopters.

Q1: What type of carrier is the largest?
A1: fleet carrier
Q2: What capability does a fleet carrier offer?
A2: offensive
Q3: What purpose were excort carriers developed for?
A3: to provide defense for convoys of ships
Q4: What were most escort carriers built from?
A4: mercantile hulls
Q5: What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Russia actually called?
A5: heavy aviation cruisers
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.

Q1: What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?
A1: quiet storm
Q2: What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?
A2: quiet storm
Q3: At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?
A3: the evening
Q4: What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?
A4: Black and Latino
Q5: Along with Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue, what artist is popular on quiet storm stations?
A5: Vanessa L. Williams
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility.

Q1: Who developed the abstand and ausbau languages framework?
A1: Heinz Kloss
Q2: In what year was the abstand and ausbau framework developed?
A2: 1967
Q3: What sort of unification in speech communities did the abstand and ausbau framework discuss?
A3: politically and/or culturally
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of an inconspicuous riser. In order for an elevator to be legal to carry passengers in some jurisdictions it must have a solid inner door. Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg. Freight elevators may have manually operated doors, and often have rugged interior finishes to prevent damage while loading and unloading. Although hydraulic freight elevators exist, electric elevators are more energy efficient for the work of freight lifting.[citation needed]

Q1: What is another name for a freight elevator?
A1: goods lift
Q2: What type of notice is required to be visible in most freight elevators?
A2: a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited
Q3: Some freight elevators allow transport of both freight and passengers by using what?
A3: an inconspicuous riser
Q4: How do freight elevators differ from passenger elevators?
A4: Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator
Q5: What type of elevator is better suited for carrying freight?
A5: electric elevators
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be imperialist and lambasting it as "the embodiment of evil." Rallying against Jews in many of his speeches, his anti-Semitism has been described as "almost Hitlerian" by Blundy and Lycett. From the late 1990s onward, his view seemed to become more moderate. In 2007, he advocated the Isratin single-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, stating that "the [Israel-Palestine] solution is to establish a democratic state for the Jews and the Palestinians... This is the fundamental solution, or else the Jews will be annihilated in the future, because the Palestinians have [strategic] depth." Two years later he argued that a single-state solution would "move beyond old conflicts and look to a unified future based on shared culture and respect."

Q1: What country did Gaddafi refer to as "the embodiment of evil"?
A1: United States
Q2: How did Gaddafi believe the Israel-Palestine conflict should be resolved?
A2: Isratin single-state solution
Q3: Who compared Gaddafi to Hitler?
A3: Blundy and Lycett
Q4: What was a major factor in Gaddafi's hatred of the United States?
A4: support of Israel
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

A fundamental problem with software testing is that testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible, even with a simple product.:17-18 This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in testing. More significantly, non-functional dimensions of quality (how it is supposed to be versus what it is supposed to do)—usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability—can be highly subjective; something that constitutes sufficient value to one person may be intolerable to another.

Q1: What is the primary issue with running software testing?
A1: testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible
Q2: What types of software bugs are difficult to find during testing?
A2: defects that occur infrequently
Q3: What other non-functional dimensions can cause software to underperform and cause other problems?
A3: usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

A funicular railway leads from the Marzili district to the Bundeshaus. The Marzilibahn funicular is, with a length of 106 m (348 ft), the second shortest public railway in Europe after the Zagreb funicular.

Q1: What connects Marzili to Bundeshaus?
A1: A funicular railway
Q2: How long is the Marzilibah funicular?
A2: 106 m
Q3: What is the second shortest public railway in Europe?
A3: Marzilibahn
Q4: What is the shortest public railway in Europe?
A4: Zagreb funicular
Title: Planck_constant
Topic: Mathematics

A further complication is that the measurement of γ′p involves the measurement of an electric current: this is invariably measured in conventional amperes rather than in SI amperes, so a conversion factor is required. The symbol Γ′p-90 is used for the measured gyromagnetic ratio using conventional electrical units. In addition, there are two methods of measuring the value, a "low-field" method and a "high-field" method, and the conversion factors are different in the two cases. Only the high-field value Γ′p-90(hi) is of interest in determining the Planck constant.

Q1: How many methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio are there?
A1: there are two methods of measuring the value
Q2: How do conversion factors compare in "low-field" and "high-field" methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio?
A2: the conversion factors are different in the two cases
Q3: Which method is of interest in determining the Planck constant?
A3: Only the high-field value Γ′p-90(hi) is of interest in determining the Planck constant
Q4: Why is the measurement of electric current an issue in the estimate of the gyromagnetic ratio?
A4: electric current: this is invariably measured in conventional amperes rather than in SI amperes
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp with its tail to warn it. When that happens both the shrimp and goby fish quickly retreat into the burrow. Different species of gobies (Elacatinus spp.) also exhibit mutualistic behavior through cleaning up ectoparasites in other fish.

Q1: What species does this shrimp have a relationship with?
A1: the goby fish
Q2: What part of the fish is used to signal danger?
A2: its tail
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

A further limitation of the gramophone record is that fidelity steadily declines as playback progresses; there is more vinyl per second available for fine reproduction of high frequencies at the large-diameter beginning of the groove than exist at the smaller-diameters close to the end of the side. At the start of a groove on an LP there are 510 mm of vinyl per second traveling past the stylus while the ending of the groove gives 200–210 mm of vinyl per second — less than half the linear resolution. Distortion towards the end of the side is likely to become more apparent as record wear increases.*

Q1: When is distortion most common on a gramophone record?
A1: Distortion towards the end of the side
Q2: What happens as a record wears?
A2: Distortion
Q3: What is a drawback of using gramophones?
A3: fidelity steadily declines as playback progresses
Q4: How much vinyl can be found at the start of an LP?
A4: 510 mm
Q5: Where can you find only 200-210mm of vinyl?
A5: ending of the groove
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

A further line in the directive stressed the need to inflict the heaviest losses possible, but also to intensify the air war in order to create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941. However, meteorological conditions over Britain were not favourable for flying and prevented an escalation in air operations. Airfields became water-logged and the 18 Kampfgruppen (bomber groups) of the Luftwaffe's Kampfgeschwadern (bomber wings) were relocated to Germany for rest and re-equipment.

Q1: What was inflicting heavy losses and increasing the air war designed to do?
A1: create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941
Q2: What was preventing escalation of air operations?
A2: meteorological conditions over Britain
Q3: What happened to airfields?
A3: Airfields became water-logged
Q4: How many bomber groups were relocated to Germany?
A4: 18
Title: Pub
Topic: History

A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs.

Q1: What two words is 'gastropub' a portanteau of?
A1: pub and gastronomy
Q2: In what year was the term gastropub invented?
A2: 1991
Q3: Along with David Eyre, who took over the Eagle pub?
A3: Mike Belben
Q4: In what city is the Eagle pub located?
A4: London
Q5: In what area of London is the Eagle pub located?
A5: Clerkenwell
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

A general purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices (collectively termed I/O). These parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires.

Q1: The ALU of a computer stands for what?
A1: arithmetic logic
Q2: Input and output devices are known as what term?
A2: I/O
Q3: Besides the ALU, input and output devices, what are the other two main components of a computer?
A3: the control unit, the memory
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism.

Q1: Who wrote 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge'?
A1: George Berkeley
Q2: When was 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge' published?
A2: 1710
Q3: What religion was George Berkeley?
A3: Anglican
Q4: What nationality was George Berkeley?
A4: Irish
Q5: Who wrote 'Alciphron'?
A5: George Berkeley
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A genre that greatly rose in importance was that of scientific literature. Natural history in particular became increasingly popular among the upper classes. Works of natural history include René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur's Histoire naturelle des insectes and Jacques Gautier d'Agoty's La Myologie complète, ou description de tous les muscles du corps humain (1746). Outside ancien régime France, natural history was an important part of medicine and industry, encompassing the fields of botany, zoology, meteorology, hydrology and mineralogy. Students in Enlightenment universities and academies were taught these subjects to prepare them for careers as diverse as medicine and theology. As shown by M D Eddy, natural history in this context was a very middle class pursuit and operated as a fertile trading zone for the interdisciplinary exchange of diverse scientific ideas.

Q1: Did natural history in particular become increasingly popular amoung the upper or lower classes?
A1: upper
Q2: Which type of history encompassed botany, zoology, meteorolgy, hydrology, and mineralogy?
A2: natural history
Q3: Who wrote the Histoire naturelle des insectes?
A3: René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.

Q1: How long does it take glaciers to form?
A1: many years, often centuries
Q2: Do glaciers form on land, in the sea, or a combination of both?
A2: only on land
Q3: Which types of ice form on a body of water's surface?
A3: sea ice and lake ice
Q4: What causes glaciers to deform and flow?
A4: stresses induced by their weight
Q5: What are some distinguishing glacial features?
A5: crevasses, seracs
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.

Q1: What rank does Boston hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world?
A1: among the top 30
Q2: What is the economy of Boston?
A2: $363 billion
Q3: What ranking in the country does Greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?
A3: sixth-largest
Q4: What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?
A4: 12th-largest
Title: Geological_history_of_Earth
Topic: Natural sciences

A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous; this created the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. There was also a drop in south polar temperatures; southern Gondwana was glaciated throughout the period, though it is uncertain if the ice sheets were a holdover from the Devonian or not. These conditions apparently had little effect in the deep tropics, where lush coal swamps flourished within 30 degrees of the northernmost glaciers. A mid-Carboniferous drop in sea-level precipitated a major marine extinction, one that hit crinoids and ammonites especially hard. This sea-level drop and the associated unconformity in North America separate the Mississippian Period from the Pennsylvanian period.

Q1: What occurred to the level of the sea when the Devonian period was finished?
A1: A global drop
Q2: During which period were epicontinental seas created?
A2: Carboniferous
Q3: What was on the land at 30 degrees latitude north in the carboniferous period?
A3: lush coal swamps
Q4: What was the result in the decline in sea level in the middle of the Carboniferous period?
A4: a major marine extinction
Q5: The Pennsylvania period is separated by the drop in Carboniferous era sea levels from what other period?
A5: Mississippian Period
Title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)
Topic: Warfare

A government report covered by the Guardian in 2002 indicates that between 1940 and 1979, the Ministry of Defence "turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public" and many of these tests "involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told." The Ministry of Defence claims that these trials were to simulate germ warfare and that the tests were harmless. Still, families who have been in the area of many of the tests are experiencing children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps and many are asking for a public inquiry. According to the report these tests affected estimated millions of people including one period between 1961 and 1968 where "more than a million people along the south coast of England, from Torquay to the New Forest, were exposed to bacteria including e.coli and bacillus globigii, which mimics anthrax." Two scientists commissioned by the Ministry of Defence stated that these trials posed no risk to the public. This was confirmed by Sue Ellison, a representative of Porton Down who said that the results from these trials "will save lives, should the country or our forces face an attack by chemical and biological weapons." Asked whether such tests are still being carried out, she said: "It is not our policy to discuss ongoing research." It is unknown whether or not the harmlessness of the trials was known at the time of their occurrence.

Q1: What publication released a report about the Ministry of Defence in 2002?
A1: the Guardian
Q2: What was the MoD accused of doing to the public?
A2: secret germ warfare tests
Q3: What are the children of some families in the area of the testing experiencing?
A3: children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps
Q4: When was the supposed germ warfare testing taking place?
A4: between 1940 and 1979
Q5: When were millions of people supposedly exposed to e. coli and an anthrax-like bacteria?
A5: between 1961 and 1968
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

A gramophone record (phonograph record in American English) or vinyl record, commonly known as a "record", is an analogue sound storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl chloride (previously shellac) disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the disc. Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12", 10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (16 2⁄3, 33 1⁄3, 45, 78), and their time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP – long playing 33 1⁄3 rpm, SP – 78 rpm single, EP – 12-inch single or extended play, 33 or 45 rpm); their reproductive quality or level of fidelity (high-fidelity, orthophonic, full-range, etc.), and the number of audio channels provided (mono, stereo, quad, etc.).

Q1: What does LP stand for when it comes to time capacity?
A1: long playing
Q2: What are common diameters found in phonograph records?
A2: 12", 10", 7"
Q3: What is a gramophone or 'vinyl' record?
A3: analogue sound storage medium
Q4: Where does the groove on a vinyl record typically start?
A4: near the periphery
Q5: In what method is the rotational speed measured in?
A5: rpm
Title: Great_power
Topic: History

A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. Sometimes the status of great powers is formally recognized in conferences such as the Congress of Vienna or an international structure such as the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States serve as the body's five permanent members). At the same time the status of great powers can be informally recognized in a forum such as the G7 which consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

Q1: What do great powers usually have?
A1: military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence
Q2: What are the permanent members of UN Security Council?
A2: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States
Q3: What are the countries in the G7?
A3: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America
Q4: What 3 factors have international relations theorists considered factors for great power status?
A4: power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions
Title: Group_(mathematics)
Topic: Mathematics

A group is called finite if it has a finite number of elements. The number of elements is called the order of the group. An important class is the symmetric groups SN, the groups of permutations of N letters. For example, the symmetric group on 3 letters S3 is the group consisting of all possible orderings of the three letters ABC, i.e. contains the elements ABC, ACB, ..., up to CBA, in total 6 (or 3 factorial) elements. This class is fundamental insofar as any finite group can be expressed as a subgroup of a symmetric group SN for a suitable integer N (Cayley's theorem). Parallel to the group of symmetries of the square above, S3 can also be interpreted as the group of symmetries of an equilateral triangle.

Q1: What does a finite group include?
A1: a finite number of elements
Q2: What is the number of elements in a group named?
A2: the order of the group
Q3: What type of class has a finite group that can be expressed as a subgroup of a symmetric group?
A3: fundamental
Q4: What can be described as the group of symmetries of an equilateral triangle?
A4: S3
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

A group of seven companies began the development of USB in 1994: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel. The goal was to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs by replacing the multitude of connectors at the back of PCs, addressing the usability issues of existing interfaces, and simplifying software configuration of all devices connected to USB, as well as permitting greater data rates for external devices. A team including Ajay Bhatt worked on the standard at Intel; the first integrated circuits supporting USB were produced by Intel in 1995.

Q1: When did the seven companies begin developing USB's?
A1: 1994
Q2: How many companies developed USB's?
A2: seven
Q3: What was the goal for USB's?
A3: to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs
Q4: Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel?
A4: Ajay Bhatt
Title: Gymnastics
Topic: Sports and recreation

A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D score. Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from 10.0. This score is called the E score. The final score is calculated by taking deductions from the E score, and adding the result to the D score. Since 2007, the scoring system has changed by adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score.

Q1: How are gymnasts scored?
A1: from deductions taken from their start value
Q2: How is the start vaule determined?
A2: e start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements
Q3: What is this score called?
A3: D score
Q4: Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from what score?
A4: 10.0
Q5: What were added to scoring in 2007?
A5: adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies from the United Kingdom, France, Imperial Germany and the United States. The proletariat was often exploited, and found no legal protection or political recourse to redress injustices.

Q1: The state's economy was largely defined by these two industries.
A1: ranching and mining
Q2: Diaz promoted economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign companies at the expense of what group?
A2: working class
Q3: What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families?
A3: haciendas
Q4: This group was often exploited and had no legal protection or recourse.
A4: proletariat
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A healthy, and legal, publishing industry existed throughout Europe, although established publishers and book sellers occasionally ran afoul of the law. The Encyclopédie, for example, condemned not only by the King but also by Clement XII, nevertheless found its way into print with the help of the aforementioned Malesherbes and creative use of French censorship law. But many works were sold without running into any legal trouble at all. Borrowing records from libraries in England, Germany and North America indicate that more than 70 percent of books borrowed were novels. Less than 1 percent of the books were of a religious nature, indicating the general trend of declining religiosity.

Q1: Who helped The Encyclopedie find its way into print using the French censorship law creatively?
A1: Malesherbes
Q2: The King and Clement XII condemned which literary work?
A2: The Encyclopédie
Q3: What percentage of books borrowed in England, Germany, and Norath America were novels?
A3: 70
Q4: What percentage of books borrowed were of a religious nature in England, Germany, and North America?
A4: 1
Title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess
Topic: Video games

A high-definition remaster of the game, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, is being developed by Tantalus Media for the Wii U. Officially announced during a Nintendo Direct presentation on November 12, 2015, it features enhanced graphics and Amiibo functionality. The game will be released in North America and Europe on March 4, 2016; in Australia on March 5, 2016; and in Japan on March 10, 2016.

Q1: Which company is responsible for the HD version of Twilight Princess?
A1: Tantalus Media
Q2: For which console is Twilight Princess HD being made?
A2: Wii U
Q3: When were plans for Twilight Princess HD revealed?
A3: November 12, 2015
Q4: On what date is Twilight Princess HD scheduled for Australian release?
A4: March 5, 2016
Q5: What is the name of the remastered game?
A5: The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD
Q6: What company is developing the remaster?
A6: Tantalus Media
Q7: What kind of functionality will the remaster feature?
A7: Amiibo
Q8: When will the game be released in America?
A8: March 4, 2016
Title: Gymnastics
Topic: Sports and recreation

A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars.

Q1: What does a higher flight phase result in?
A1: a higher vertical ground reaction force
Q2: What is vertical ground reaction force?
A2: s external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum
Q3: What else is an important aspect that affects linear and agular movements?
A3: time the landing takes Gymnasts
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

Q1: What kind of human lives by collecting wild flora and fauna?
A1: hunter-gatherer
Q2: What type of society relies on domestication for producing food?
A2: agricultural
Q3: What type of plants and animals do agricultural groups harvest?
A3: domesticated species
Title: Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation
Topic: Social sciences and society

A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions. It spent $373 million on education in 2009. It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions. The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.

Q1: what is a key aspect of the gates foundation in the US
A1: A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels
Q2: What do these efforts include
A2: including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs
Q3: how much did it spend in 2009
A3: It spent $373 million on education in 2009.
Q4: It was an early backer of what 
A4: The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

A key component common to all CPUs is the program counter, a special memory cell (a register) that keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from.

Q1: A special memory cell of a CPU is called what?
A1: a register
Q2: A register of a CPU keeps track of what?
A2: which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from
Q3: What is a component that all CPUs have?
A3: the program counter
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of about 24 hours, circadian rhythms: these activity fluctuations are driven by rhythmic changes in expression of a set of "clock genes". The SCN continues to keep time even if it is excised from the brain and placed in a dish of warm nutrient solution, but it ordinarily receives input from the optic nerves, through the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), that allows daily light-dark cycles to calibrate the clock.

Q1: The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?
A1: suprachiasmatic nucleus
Q2: The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?
A2: the hypothalamus
Q3: Which part of the arousal system controls the body's biological clock?
A3: the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Q4: The RHT is an abbreviation for what?
A4: retinohypothalamic tract
Q5: THE SCN receives information from the optic nerves through what?
A5: the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

A kickback is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from his or her organization to an organization involved in corrupt bidding. For example, suppose that a politician is in charge of choosing how to spend some public funds. He can give a contract to a company that is not the best bidder, or allocate more than they deserve. In this case, the company benefits, and in exchange for betraying the public, the official receives a kickback payment, which is a portion of the sum the company received. This sum itself may be all or a portion of the difference between the actual (inflated) payment to the company and the (lower) market-based price that would have been paid had the bidding been competitive.

Q1: What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding?
A1: kickback
Q2: A contract can be given to someone who is not the best what?
A2: bidder
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly circular "solid" (usually darker) piece of wood around which the grain of the rest of the wood "flows" (parts and rejoins). Within a knot, the direction of the wood (grain direction) is up to 90 degrees different from the grain direction of the regular wood.

Q1: What is the sort of circular imperfection in a piece of wood called?
A1: knot
Q2: What property of wood does a knot usually reduce in the wood around it?
A2: strength
Q3: In what direction is wood often sawn so that a knot appears as a solid circle that the grain flows around?
A3: longitudinally
Q4: Are knots usually lighter or darker than the surrounding wood?
A4: darker
Q5: The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?
A5: 90
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents a month of 31 days, and a space represents a short month (a 28- or 29-day February or any 30-day month). The junction between the hands is not counted, so the two index knuckles represent July and August.

Q1: Why would a knuckle -space count be used to determine months?
A1: language-independent
Q2: A knuckle count is a month of how many days?
A2: 31
Q3: The space between knuckles is what kind of month?
A3: short month
Q4: What are held together for a knuckle-space month count?
A4: one's two fists