LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

During the reign of Khārabēḷa, the Chedi dynasty of Kaḷinga ascended to eminence and restored the lost power and glory of Kaḷinga, which had been subdued since the devastating war with Ashoka. Kaḷingan military might was reinstated by Khārabēḷa: under Khārabēḷa's generalship, the Kaḷinga state had a formidable maritime reach with trade routes linking it to the then-Simhala (Sri Lanka), Burma (Myanmar), Siam (Thailand), Vietnam, Kamboja (Cambodia), Malaysia, Borneo, Bali, Samudra (Sumatra) and Jabadwipa (Java). Khārabēḷa led many successful campaigns against the states of Magadha, Anga, Satavahanas till the southern most regions of Pandyan Empire (modern Tamil Nadu).

Q1: What Kalingan ruler brought the Chedi dynasty back into power?
A1: Khārabēḷa
Q2: What power had previously defeated the Kalingans? 
A2: Ashoka
Q3: In what arena was Kalinga a formidable power?
A3: maritime
Q4: What maritime advantage did the Kalingans have?
A4: trade routes
Q5: What militaristic leader restored might to the Kalinga empire?
A5: Khārabēḷa
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under Antiochus VII Sidetes (r. 138–129 BC), but he was eventually killed by a Parthian counterattack. After the fall of the Seleucid dynasty, the Parthians fought frequently against neighbouring Rome in the Roman–Parthian Wars (66 BC – 217 AD). Abundant traces of Hellenism continued under the Parthian empire. The Parthians used Greek as well as their own Parthian language (though lesser than Greek) as languages of administration and also used Greek drachmas as coinage. They enjoyed Greek theater and Greek art influenced Parthian art. The Parthians continued worhipping Greek gods syncretized together with Iranian deities. Their rulers established ruler cults in the manner of Hellenistic kings and often used Hellenistic royal epithets.

Q1: The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance?
A1: Antiochus VII Sidetes
Q2: Who was Antiochus VII Sidetes killed by which army?
A2: Parthian
Q3: What years were the Roman–Parthian Wars?
A3: 66 BC – 217 AD
Q4: What was the currency in the Parthian Empire?
A4: Greek drachmas
Q5: The Parthian Empire worshipped Greek Gods and what other cultures deities?
A5: Iranian
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court at this point. Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe under Jiajing was determined to break the eunuch influence at court which typified the Zhengde era, an example being the costly escort of the eunuch Liu Yun as described above in his failed mission to Tibet. The court eunuchs were in favor of expanding and building new commercial ties with foreign countries such as Portugal, which Zhengde deemed permissible since he had an affinity for foreign and exotic people.

Q1: When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? 
A1: 1521–1567
Q2: What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court?
A2: the native Chinese ideology of Daoism
Q3: Who stopped their trips to Ming China?
A3: the Tibetan lamas
Q4: Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing?
A4: Yang Tinghe
Q5: Who broke the eunuch influence at court?
A5: Yang Tinghe
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

During the remainder of his reign, John focused on trying to retake Normandy. The available evidence suggests that John did not regard the loss of the Duchy as a permanent shift in Capetian power. Strategically, John faced several challenges: England itself had to be secured against possible French invasion, the sea-routes to Bordeaux needed to be secured following the loss of the land route to Aquitaine, and his remaining possessions in Aquitaine needed to be secured following the death of his mother, Eleanor, in April 1204. John's preferred plan was to use Poitou as a base of operations, advance up the Loire valley to threaten Paris, pin down the French forces and break Philip's internal lines of communication before landing a maritime force in the Duchy itself. Ideally, this plan would benefit from the opening of a second front on Philip's eastern frontiers with Flanders and Boulogne – effectively a re-creation of Richard's old strategy of applying pressure from Germany. All of this would require a great deal of money and soldiers.

Q1: John focused on trying to retake what?
A1: Normandy
Q2: John did not regard the loss of Duchy as a permanent shift in what?
A2: Capetian power
Q3: What was John's preferred plan?
A3: use Poitou as a base of operations
Title: Czech_language
Topic: Language and literature

During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chance of returning as a major language. However, Josef Jungmann and other revivalists used Dobrovský's book to advocate for a Czech linguistic revival. Changes during this time included spelling reform (notably, í in place of the former j and j in place of g), the use of t (rather than ti) to end infinitive verbs and the non-capitalization of nouns (which had been a late borrowing from German). These changes differentiated Czech from Slovak. Modern scholars disagree about whether the conservative revivalists were motivated by nationalism or considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal, widespread use.

Q1: What was the professions of Joseph Dobrovský?
A1: linguist and historian
Q2: What year did Joseph Dobrovský release a German-language grammar of Old Czech?
A2: 1809
Q3: What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as?
A3: a major language
Q4: What did Josef Jungmann advocate for?
A4: a Czech linguistic revival
Q5: Who disagree about whether the revivalists were motivated by nationalism or if they considered contemporary spoken Czech unsuitable for formal use?
A5: Modern scholars
Title: Madrasa
Topic: Language and literature

During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf. Not only was the madrasa a potent symbol of status but it was an effective means of transmitting wealth and status to their descendants. Especially during the Mamlūk period, when only former slaves could assume power, the sons of the ruling Mamlūk elite were unable to inherit. Guaranteed positions within the new madaris thus allowed them to maintain status. Madaris built in this period include the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Ḥasan in Cairo.

Q1: Which class of people founded the madaris during the medieval period?
A1: ruling elite
Q2: How were the madaris funded during the medieval period?
A2: through a religious endowment
Q3: What class of people inherited status during the Mamluk Period?
A3: former slaves
Q4: What allowed the ruling elite to maintain power during the Mamluk period?
A4: Guaranteed positions within the new madaris
Q5: In what city was the Mosque-Madrasah of Sultan Hasan?
A5: Cairo
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

During the rule of the succeeding Hanoverian dynasty, power was gradually exercised more by parliament and the government. The first Hanoverian monarch, George I, relied on his ministers to a greater extent than did previous monarchs. Later Hanoverian monarchs attempted to restore royal control over legislation: George III and George IV both openly opposed Catholic Emancipation and asserted that to grant assent to a Catholic emancipation bill would violate the Coronation Oath, which required the sovereign to preserve and protect the established Church of England from Papal domination and would grant rights to individuals who were in league with a foreign power which did not recognise their legitimacy. However, George IV reluctantly granted his assent upon the advice of his ministers. Thus, as the concept of ministerial responsibility has evolved, the power to withhold royal assent has fallen into disuse, both in the United Kingdom and in the other Commonwealth realms.

Q1: During whose rule was power transferred more to parliament?
A1: Hanoverian dynasty
Q2: Who was the first ruler during this dynasty?
A2: George I
Q3: In attempting to take back control, George III and George IV opposed which church movement?
A3: Catholic Emancipation
Q4: Which monarch relied on his ministers more than any of his predecessors?
A4: George I
Q5: What did George III and George IV both oppose?
A5: Catholic Emancipation
Q6: What rule did George III and George IV believe a Catholic emancipation bill would violate?
A6: Coronation Oath
Q7: Which monarch granted assent reluctantly under the advise of his ministers?
A7: George IV
Title: YouTube
Topic: Engineering and technology

During the same court battle, Viacom won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 12 terabytes of data detailing the viewing habits of every user who has watched videos on the site. The decision was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which called the court ruling "a setback to privacy rights". In June 2010, Viacom's lawsuit against Google was rejected in a summary judgment, with U.S. federal Judge Louis L. Stanton stating that Google was protected by provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Viacom announced its intention to appeal the ruling.

Q1: How much data did youtube have to hand over to Viacom as a result of the lawsuit?
A1: 12 terabytes
Q2: Which organization spoke against the courts ruling?
A2: Electronic Frontier Foundation
Q3: What did Viacom plan to do after the ruling in 2010?
A3: appeal
Q4: What happened to Viacom's lawsuit in 2010?
A4: rejected in a summary judgment
Q5: Who was the residing judge of the lawsuit?
A5: Louis L. Stanton
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

During the second half of the 19th century Dutch was banned from all levels of education by both Prussia and France and lost most of its functions as a cultural language. In both Germany and France the Dutch standard language is largely absent and speakers of these Dutch dialects will use German or French in everyday speech. Dutch is not afforded legal status in France or Germany, either by the central or regional public authorities and knowledge of the language is declining among younger generations.

Q1: In what country other than France did Dutch lose most of it usage in the 19th century?
A1: Prussia
Q2: In France and Germany, what languages will often be substituted by native speakers of Dutch dialects?
A2: German or French
Q3: In what segment of the population is the decline in usage of Dutch most prominent?
A3: younger generations
Q4: Other than France, what country does not give Dutch legal status as a language?
A4: Germany
Q5: What language did France and Prussia ban from use in education in the late 19th century?
A5: Dutch
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

During the second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops,. This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language, which had been ruthlessly suppressed from the time of Philip V. Around 1870, the Valencian Renaissance, a movement committed to the revival of the Valencian language and traditions, began to gain ascendancy. In its early stages the movement inclined to the romanticism of the poet Teodor Llorente, and resisted the more assertive remonstrances of Constantine Llombart, founder of the still extant cultural society, Lo Rat Penat, which is dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of the Valencian language and culture.

Q1: Who had suppressed the Valencian language?
A1: Philip V
Q2: What group still exists and promotes Valencian culture?
A2: Lo Rat Penat
Q3: Who founded Lo Rat Penat?
A3: Constantine Llombart
Q4: What poet was an early influence on the Valencian Renaissance?
A4: Teodor Llorente
Q5: Who got rich from the Valencian orange crop and vineyards?
A5: land-owners
Title: Israel
Topic: History

During the siege of Jerusalem by the First Crusade in 1099, the Jewish inhabitants of the city fought side by side with the Fatimid garrison and the Muslim population who tried in vain to defend the city against the Crusaders. When the city fell, about 60,000 people were massacred, including 6,000 Jews seeking refuge in a synagogue. At this time, a full thousand years after the fall of the Jewish state, there were Jewish communities all over the country. Fifty of them are known and include Jerusalem, Tiberias, Ramleh, Ashkelon, Caesarea, and Gaza. According to Albert of Aachen, the Jewish residents of Haifa were the main fighting force of the city, and "mixed with Saracen [Fatimid] troops", they fought bravely for close to a month until forced into retreat by the Crusader fleet and land army. However, Joshua Prawer expressed doubt over the story, noting that Albert did not attend the Crusades and that such a prominent role for the Jews is not mentioned by any other source.[undue weight? – discuss]

Q1: Who did the Jewish inhabitants fight side by side with?
A1: Fatimid garrison
Q2: How many people were massacred when the city fell?
A2: 60,000
Q3: How many Jews were seeking refuge?
A3: 6,000
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

During the summer growing season, phosphate is at a high level. It has a vital role in the breakdown of the sugars manufactured by chlorophyll. But in the fall, phosphate, along with the other chemicals and nutrients, moves out of the leaf into the stem of the plant. When this happens, the sugar-breakdown process changes, leading to the production of anthocyanin pigments. The brighter the light during this period, the greater the production of anthocyanins and the more brilliant the resulting color display. When the days of autumn are bright and cool, and the nights are chilly but not freezing, the brightest colorations usually develop.

Q1: At which period of the year are phosphates high?
A1: the summer growing season
Q2: What causes sugar created by chlorophyll to breakdown?
A2: phosphate
Q3: Where does phosphate within a leaf move in the fall?
A3: the stem of the plant
Q4: What is created in fall when phosphates retreat to the stems of plants?
A4: anthocyanin pigments
Q5: What occurs in bright light to leaves during fall?
A5: greater the production of anthocyanins
Title: Houston
Topic: History

During the summer months, it is common for temperatures to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90 °F or above and 4.6 days at or over 100 °F (38 °C). However, humidity usually yields a higher heat index. Summer mornings average over 90 percent relative humidity. Winds are often light in the summer and offer little relief, except in the far southeastern outskirts near the Gulf coast and Galveston. To cope with the strong humidity and heat, people use air conditioning in nearly every vehicle and building. In 1980, Houston was described as the "most air-conditioned place on earth". Officially, the hottest temperature ever recorded in Houston is 109 °F (43 °C), which was reached both on September 4, 2000 and August 28, 2011.

Q1: How many days per year are Houston temperatures over 90 degrees?
A1: 106.5
Q2: How many days a year do Houston temperatures average above 100 degrees?
A2: 4.6
Q3: What weather factor produces a higher heat index?
A3: humidity
Q4: What weather factor provides little in heat relief in Houston?
A4: Winds
Q5: What was the highest temperature recorded in Houston?
A5: 109 °F
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

During the summer of 1968, the Apollo program hit another snag: the first pilot-rated Lunar Module (LM) was not ready for orbital tests in time for a December 1968 launch. NASA planners overcame this challenge by changing the mission flight order, delaying the first LM flight until March 1969, and sending Apollo 8 into lunar orbit without the LM in December. This mission was in part motivated by intelligence rumors the Soviet Union might be ready for a piloted Zond flight during late 1968. In September 1968, Zond 5 made a circumlunar flight with tortoises on board and returned to Earth, accomplishing the first successful water landing of the Soviet space program in the Indian Ocean. It also scared NASA planners, as it took them several days to figure out that it was only an automated flight, not piloted, because voice recordings were transmitted from the craft en route to the Moon. On November 10, 1968 another automated test flight, Zond 6 was launched, but this time encountered difficulties in its Earth reentry, and depressurized and deployed its parachute too early, causing it to crash-land only 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from where it had been launched six days earlier. It turned out there was no chance of a piloted Soviet circumlunar flight during 1968, due to the unreliability of the Zonds.

Q1: The first successful water landing in the Indian Ocean by the Soviets was was when?
A1: 1968
Q2: What animal was carried aboard the  Zond 5?
A2: tortoises
Q3: The first Lunar Module was delayed to what date?
A3: March 1969
Title: Chicago_Cubs
Topic: Sports and recreation

During the summer of 1969, a Chicago studio group produced a single record called "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel! (The Cubs Song)" whose title and lyrics incorporated the catch-phrases of the respective TV and radio announcers for the Cubs, Jack Brickhouse and Vince Lloyd. Several members of the Cubs recorded an album called Cub Power which contained a cover of the song. The song received a good deal of local airplay that summer, associating it very strongly with that bittersweet season. It was played much less frequently thereafter, although it remained an unofficial Cubs theme song for some years after.

Q1: What year was the single "Hey Hey! Holy Mackerel! (The Cubs Song)" produced? 
A1: 1969
Q2: What was the name of the album several members of the cubs recorded?
A2: Cub Power
Q3: What did The Cubs Song incorporate?
A3: the catch-phrases of the respective TV and radio announcers
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

During the summers at Nohant, particularly in the years 1839–43, Chopin found quiet, productive days during which he composed many works, including his Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53. Among the visitors to Nohant were Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, whom Chopin had advised on piano technique and composition. Delacroix gives an account of staying at Nohant in a letter of 7 June 1842:

Q1: What is the example given of a work produced by Frédéric during calm summers at Nohant?
A1: Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53
Q2: Which of the two people that visited Chopin were tutored by him on piano?
A2: Pauline Viardot
Q3: On what date did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit at Nohant?
A3: 7 June 1842
Q4: What did Chopin help Pauline Viardot with?
A4: piano technique and composition
Q5: Who were two visitors to Chopin while in Nohant?
A5: Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot
Q6: What two things did Chopin advise Viardot on?
A6: piano technique and composition.
Q7: Who wrote a letter on June 7, 1842 about a stay in Nohant?
A7: Delacroix
Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis
Topic: Geography and places

During the three years following its inception, the university bore three different names. The board first approved "Eliot Seminary," but William Eliot was uncomfortable with naming a university after himself and objected to the establishment of a seminary, which would implicitly be charged with teaching a religious faith. He favored a nonsectarian university. In 1854, the Board of Trustees changed the name to "Washington Institute" in honor of George Washington. Naming the University after the nation's first president, only seven years before the American Civil War and during a time of bitter national division, was no coincidence. During this time of conflict, Americans universally admired George Washington as the father of the United States and a symbol of national unity. The Board of Trustees believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri. In 1856, the University amended its name to "Washington University." The university amended its name once more in 1976, when the Board of Trustees voted to add the suffix "in St. Louis" to distinguish the university from the nearly two dozen other universities bearing Washington's name.

Q1: What was one of the names that was initially considered for Washington University in St. Louis?
A1: Eliot Seminary
Q2: What name was selected by the Board of Trustees in 1854 for Washington University?
A2: Washington Institute
Q3: Why did the Board of Trustees choose to name Washing University after George Washington?
A3: The Board of Trustees believed that the university should be a force of unity in a strongly divided Missouri
Q4: When was the name Washington University amended? 
A4: 1856
Q5: When was the suffix "in St. Louis" added to Washington University?
A5: 1976
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

During the time between 800 and 200 BCE the Shramana-movement formed, from which originated Jainism and Buddhism. In the same period the first Upanishads were written. After 500 BCE, the so-called "Second urbanization" started, with new urban settlements arising at the Ganges plain, especially the Central Ganges plain. The Central Ganges Plain, where Magadha gained prominence, forming the base of the Mauryan Empire, was a distinct cultural area, with new states arising after 500 BC[web 1] during the so-called "Second urbanization".[note 3] It was influenced by the Vedic culture, but differed markedly from the Kuru-Panchala region. It "was the area of the earliest known cultivation of rice in South Asia and by 1800 BC was the location of an advanced neolithic population associated with the sites of Chirand and Chechar". In this region the Shramanic movements flourished, and Jainism and Buddhism originated.

Q1: What philosophical movement appeared during 800-200 BCE?
A1: Shramana-movement
Q2: What was the origins of the Shramana movement?
A2: Jainism and Buddhism
Q3: During what time were the first Upanishads written?
A3: between 800 and 200 BCE
Q4: What period started after 500 BCE?
A4: Second urbanization
Q5: Where was the central location of the Muayan Empire?
A5: Central Ganges Plain
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

During the top 11 week, due to a mix-up with the contestants' telephone number, voting was repeated on what was normally the result night, with the result reveal postponed until the following night.

Q1: During what week was there a problem with voting?
A1: top 11 week
Q2: When did the results show happen?
A2: the following night
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

During the truce of 1206–1208, John focused on building up his financial and military resources in preparation for another attempt to recapture Normandy. John used some of this money to pay for new alliances on Philip's eastern frontiers, where the growth in Capetian power was beginning to concern France's neighbours. By 1212 John had successfully concluded alliances with his nephew Otto IV, a contender for the crown of Holy Roman Emperor in Germany, as well as with the counts Renaud of Boulogne and Ferdinand of Flanders. The invasion plans for 1212 were postponed because of fresh English baronial unrest about service in Poitou. Philip seized the initiative in 1213, sending his elder son, Louis, to invade Flanders with the intention of next launching an invasion of England. John was forced to postpone his own invasion plans to counter this threat. He launched his new fleet to attack the French at the harbour of Damme. The attack was a success, destroying Philip's vessels and any chances of an invasion of England that year. John hoped to exploit this advantage by invading himself late in 1213, but baronial discontent again delayed his invasion plans until early 1214, in what would prove to be his final Continental campaign.

Q1: What did John do during the truce of 1206-1208?
A1: focused on building up his financial and military resources
Q2: By 1212, John had successfully concluded alliances  with who?
A2: Otto IV
Q3: John launched his new fleet to attach the French where?
A3: the harbour of Damme
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

During the tumultuous 14th century, disputes within the leadership of the Church led to the Avignon Papacy of 1305–78, also called the "Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy" (a reference to the Babylonian captivity of the Jews), and then to the Great Schism, lasting from 1378 to 1418, when there were two and later three rival popes, each supported by several states. Ecclesiastical officials convened at the Council of Constance in 1414, and in the following year the council deposed one of the rival popes, leaving only two claimants. Further depositions followed, and in November 1417 the council elected Martin V (pope 1417–31) as pope.

Q1: During what years did the Avignon Papacy occur?
A1: 1305–78
Q2: What is another term for the Avignon Papacy?
A2: Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy
Q3: When did the Great Schism end?
A3: 1418
Q4: How many popes existed simultaneously after the Council of Constance?
A4: two
Q5: Who was made pope in 1417?
A5: Martin V
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

During the turbulent reign of Wang Mang, Han lost control over the Tarim Basin, which was conquered by the Northern Xiongnu in AD 63 and used as a base to invade Han's Hexi Corridor in Gansu. Dou Gu (d. 88 AD) defeated the Northern Xiongnu at the Battle of Yiwulu in AD 73, evicting them from Turpan and chasing them as far as Lake Barkol before establishing a garrison at Hami. After the new Protector General of the Western Regions Chen Mu (d. AD 75) was killed by allies of the Xiongnu in Karasahr and Kucha, the garrison at Hami was withdrawn. At the Battle of Ikh Bayan in AD 89, Dou Xian (d. AD 92) defeated the Northern Xiongnu chanyu who then retreated into the Altai Mountains. After the Northern Xiongnu fled into the Ili River valley in AD 91, the nomadic Xianbei occupied the area from the borders of the Buyeo Kingdom in Manchuria to the Ili River of the Wusun people. The Xianbei reached their apogee under Tanshihuai (檀石槐) (d. AD 180), who consistently defeated Chinese armies. However, Tanshihuai's confederation disintegrated after his death.

Q1: Which Basin did the Han lose authority of?
A1: Tarim
Q2: When did Chen Mu die?
A2: AD 75
Q3: Where did the Northern Xiongnu flee to in AD 91?
A3: Ili River valley
Q4: Who was the Protector General of the Western Regions?
A4: Chen Mu
Q5: Who conquered the Tarim Basin in AD 63?
A5: the Northern Xiongnu
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

During the war years Universal did have a co-production arrangement with producer Walter Wanger and his partner, director Fritz Lang, lending the studio some amount of prestige productions. Universal's core audience base was still found in the neighborhood movie theaters, and the studio continued to please the public with low- to medium-budget films. Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce in new Sherlock Holmes mysteries (1942–46), teenage musicals with Gloria Jean, Donald O'Connor, and Peggy Ryan (1942–43), and screen adaptations of radio's Inner Sanctum Mysteries with Lon Chaney, Jr. (1943–45). Alfred Hitchcock was also borrowed for two films from Selznick International Pictures: Saboteur (1942) and Shadow of a Doubt (1943).

Q1: Who was the directorial partner of Walter Wanger?
A1: Fritz Lang
Q2: In what period did Basil Rathbone star in a series of Sherlock Holmes films?
A2: 1942–46
Q3: In what period did film versions of Inner Sanctum Mysteries appear?
A3: 1943–45
Q4: What was the studio that Alfred Hitchcock normally worked for?
A4: Selznick International Pictures
Q5: In what year was Shadow of a Doubt produced?
A5: 1943
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war. Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent. In 1946, she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales.

Q1: Who did England propose to affiliate with Wales to quell Welsh nationalism?
A1: Elizabeth
Q2: Why did Britain not want Elizabeth to associate with conscientious objectors?
A2: Britain was at war
Q3: What did Elizabeth join in 1946?
A3: Welsh Gorsedd of Bards
Q4: Who was the always the Prince of Wales?
A4: heir apparent
Q5: Who wanted to name Elizabeth Princess of Wales?
A5: Herbert Morrison
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31 October 1870 and 22 January 1871. On 18 March 1871, when the regular army tried to remove cannons from an artillery park on Montmartre, National Guard units resisted and killed two army generals. The national government and regular army forces retreated to Versailles and a revolutionary government was proclaimed in Paris. A Commune was elected, which was dominated by socialists, anarchists and revolutionaries. The red flag replaced the French tricolour and a civil war began between the Commune and the regular army, which attacked and recaptured Paris from 21–28 May in La Semaine Sanglante (Bloody week).

Q1: What became highly politicised during the war?
A1: Paris National Guard
Q2: In what type of neighborhoods did the occur especially?
A2: working-class neighbourhoods
Q3: What did the National Guard refuse to wear?
A3: uniforms
Q4: What did the National Guard refuse to obey?
A4: commands from the national government
Q5: On which dates did La Semaine Sanglante occur in Paris?
A5: 21–28 May
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

During the war, the Seven Nations of Canada were allied with the French. These were Native Americans of the Laurentian valley—the Algonquin, the Abenaki, the Huron, and others. Although the Algonquin tribes and the Seven Nations were not directly concerned with the fate of the Ohio River Valley, they had been victims of the Iroquois Confederation. The Iroquois had encroached on Algonquin territory and pushed the Algonquins west beyond Lake Michigan. Therefore, the Algonquin and the Seven Nations were interested in fighting against the Iroquois. Throughout New England, New York, and the North-west Native American tribes formed differing alliances with the major belligerents. The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war.

Q1: Who were the Seven Nations of Canada?
A1: These were Native Americans of the Laurentian valley
Q2: Which tribe was the enemy of the Seven Nations of Canada?
A2: the Seven Nations were interested in fighting against the Iroquois
Q3: How much help did the Seven Nations give the French in the Ohio Valley?
A3: the Seven Nations were not directly concerned with the fate of the Ohio River Valley
Q4: Who was the European partner of the Iroquois?
A4: The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British
Q5: How valuable was the Iroquois alliance with Britain?
A5: The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war
Title: Edmund_Burke
Topic: History

During the year following that contract, with Dodsley, Burke founded the influential Annual Register, a publication in which various authors evaluated the international political events of the previous year. The extent to which Burke contributed to the Annual Register is unclear: in his biography of Burke, Robert Murray quotes the Register as evidence of Burke's opinions, yet Philip Magnus in his biography does not cite it directly as a reference. Burke remained the chief editor of the publication until at least 1789 and there is no evidence that any other writer contributed to it before 1766.

Q1: What publication did Burke found?
A1: Annual Register
Q2: The Annual Register covered international events of what type?
A2: political
Q3: Burke was the only known writer for the Register until what year?
A3: 1766
Q4: Burke was the chief editor for the Register until at least what year?
A4: 1789
Q5: Who wrote a biography of Burke?
A5: Philip Magnus
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease that occurred during these years. Vaccine development continued to accelerate, with the most notable achievement of the period being Jonas Salk's 1954 development of the polio vaccine under the funding of the non-profit National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. The vaccine process was never patented, but was instead given to pharmaceutical companies to manufacture as a low-cost generic. In 1960 Maurice Hilleman of Merck Sharp & Dohme identified the SV40 virus, which was later shown to cause tumors in many mammalian species. It was later determined that SV40 was present as a contaminant in polio vaccine lots that had been administered to 90% of the children in the United States. The contamination appears to have originated both in the original cell stock and in monkey tissue used for production. In 2004 the United States Cancer Institute announced that it had concluded that SV40 is not associated with cancer in people.

Q1: When was the Polio vaccine created?
A1: 1954
Q2: Who identified the SV40 virus?
A2: Maurice Hilleman
Q3: What was a complication of the SV40 virus?
A3: cause tumors
Q4: Who funded the Polio vaccine?
A4: National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis
Q5: Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer?
A5: United States Cancer Institute
Q6: In what year was the polio vaccine created?
A6: 1954
Q7: Who created the polio vaccine?
A7: Jonas Salk
Q8: What virus caused tumors in most mammals?
A8: SV40
Q9: Who identified the SV40 virus?
A9: Maurice Hilleman
Q10: SV40 was present in what vaccine?
A10: polio
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."

Q1: Which year did To Kill a Mockingbird win the Pulitzer Prize?
A1: 1961
Q2: How many weeks did To Kill a Mockingbird remain on the bestsellers list when it won the Pulitzer Prize?
A2: 41
Q3: Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine was awarded when?
A3: 1962
Q4: When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book?
A4: 1964
Q5: What major award did the book receive in 1961?
A5: the Pulitzer Prize
Q6: In what year did Lee stop giving interviews about the book?
A6: 1964
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

During their investigation of Noriega, Kerry's staff found reason to believe that the Pakistan-based Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) had facilitated Noriega's drug trafficking and money laundering. This led to a separate inquiry into BCCI, and as a result, banking regulators shut down BCCI in 1991. In December 1992, Kerry and Senator Hank Brown, a Republican from Colorado, released The BCCI Affair, a report on the BCCI scandal. The report showed that the bank was crooked and was working with terrorists, including Abu Nidal. It blasted the Department of Justice, the Department of the Treasury, the Customs Service, the Federal Reserve Bank, as well as influential lobbyists and the CIA.

Q1: Where is the BCCI based?
A1: Pakistan
Q2: What bank helped Noriega?
A2: Bank of Credit and Commerce International
Q3: When was BCCI shut down?
A3: 1991
Q4: Who collaborated in the report about BCCI?
A4: Kerry and Senator Hank Brown
Q5: What was the BCCI report called?
A5: The BCCI Affair
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

During this battle, on September 13, the 4th Division, under John A. Quitman, spearheaded the attack against Chapultepec and carried the castle. Future Confederate generals George E. Pickett and James Longstreet participated in the attack. Serving in the Mexican defense were the cadets later immortalized as Los Niños Héroes (the "Boy Heroes"). The Mexican forces fell back from Chapultepec and retreated within the city. Attacks on the Belén and San Cosme Gates came afterwards. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in what is now the far north of the city.

Q1: Who led the 4th division?
A1: John A. Quitman
Q2: What treaty was signed?
A2: Guadalupe Hidalgo
Q3: Who were the future confederate generals?
A3: George E. Pickett and James Longstreet
Q4: Who carried the castle?
A4: the 4th Division
Q5: When did the castle fall?
A5: on September 13
Title: Dominican_Order
Topic: Philosophy and religion

During this critical period, the number of Preachers seems never to have sunk below 3,500. Statistics for 1876 show 3,748, but 500 of these had been expelled from their convents and were engaged in parochial work. Statistics for 1910 show a total of 4,472 nominally or actually engaged in proper activities of the order. In the year 2000, there were 5,171 Dominican friars in solemn vows, 917 student brothers, and 237 novices. By the year 2013 there were 6058 Dominican friars, including 4,470 priests.

Q1: In 1876, how many preachers were expelled from the Dominican Order?
A1: 500
Q2: In 1910, how many Dominicans were actively engaged in Order work?
A2: 4,472
Q3: How many Dominican friars were there in 2013?
A3: 6058
Q4: In what year were there 4,470 priests in the Dominican Order?
A4: 2013
Q5: How many student brothers were there in the year 2000?
A5: 917
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 "to represent a party comprising a distinct minority" and "to coordinate the actions of men who were already partisans in the same cause." In 1828, a foreign observer of the House offered this perspective on the absence of formal party leadership on Capitol Hill:

Q1: In the early days who represented party leadership?
A1: it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader
Q2: In early 19th century, what were 2 common parties?
A2: (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans)
Q3: What would be the purpose of organizing non majority members of  the house?
A3: to represent a party comprising a distinct minority
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

During this era of Porfirian rule, the city underwent an extensive modernization. Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed, replaced by new much larger Porfirian institutions and many outlying rural zones were transformed into urban or industrialized districts with most having electrical, gas and sewage utilities by 1908. While the initial focus was on developing modern hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works, perhaps the most long-lasting effects of the Porfirian modernization were creation of the Colonia Roma area and the development of Reforma Avenue. Many of Mexico City's major attractions and landmarks were built during this era in this style.

Q1: When was most of the urbanization completed? 
A1: by 1908
Q2: The extensive modernization started with what?
A2: Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed
Q3: What was built during the modernization?
A3: hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works
Q4: What famous street was built during this period of modernization?
A4: Reforma Avenue
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

During this period Boston flourished culturally as well, admired for its rarefied literary life and generous artistic patronage, with members of old Boston families—eventually dubbed Boston Brahmins—coming to be regarded as the nation's social and cultural elites.

Q1: What was the name given to old Boston families?
A1: Boston Brahmins
Q2: Who came to be known as the nation's social elites?
A2: Boston Brahmins
Q3: Boston was admired for what kind of life?
A3: literary life
Q4: Boston improved culturally because of its generous what?
A4: artistic patronage
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious form of art, with Limoges enamel a popular and relatively affordable option for objects such as reliquaries and crosses. In Italy the innovations of Cimabue and Duccio, followed by the Trecento master Giotto (d. 1337), greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco. Increasing prosperity during the 12th century resulted in greater production of secular art; many carved ivory objects such as gaming-pieces, combs, and small religious figures have survived.

Q1: Who noted that 14th century monks bought books in shops?
A1: Janetta Benton
Q2: What form of art had the most prestige in this era?
A2: Metalwork
Q3: When did Giotto die?
A3: 1337
Q4: What were many pieces of secular art carved from in this period?
A4: ivory
Q5: Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period?
A5: Cimabue
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

During this period, Bengal witnessed an intellectual awakening that is in some way similar to the Renaissance in Europe during the 16th century, although Europeans of that age were not confronted with the challenge and influence of alien colonialism. This movement questioned existing orthodoxies, particularly with respect to women, marriage, the dowry system, the caste system, and religion. One of the earliest social movements that emerged during this time was the Young Bengal movement, which espoused rationalism and atheism as the common denominators of civil conduct among upper caste educated Hindus. It played an important role in reawakening Indian minds and intellect across the sub-continent.

Q1: What did the Bengali Renaissance resemble?
A1: Renaissance in Europe
Q2: What did the Movement question?
A2: existing orthodoxies
Q3: What early social movement occurred during this time of awakening?
A3: Young Bengal
Q4: What factors did the Young Bengal movement  say were needed for civil conduct?
A4: rationalism and atheism
Q5: What did the movements in Bengal serve to awaken in Indians?
A5: minds and intellect
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate king, Servius Tullius (ruled 578 to 534 BC). According to Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the front rank was composed of the wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment. Each subsequent rank consisted of those with less wealth and poorer equipment than the one before it.

Q1: Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?
A1: Servius Tullius
Q2: Were Roman soldiers expected to purchase their own equipment?
A2: wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment
Q3: Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation?
A3: wealthiest citizens
Q4: From what people did it appear the Etruscans had model their form of warfare on?
A4: Greeks
Q5: Where did Dionysius hail from?
A5: Halicarnassus
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

During this period, the Russian Black Sea Fleet was operating against Ottoman coastal traffic between Constantinople (currently named Istanbul) and the Caucasus ports, while the Ottoman fleet sought to protect this supply line. The clash came on 30 November 1853 when a Russian fleet attacked an Ottoman force in the harbour at Sinop, and destroyed it at the Battle of Sinop. The battle outraged opinion in UK, which called for war. There was little additional naval action until March 1854 when on the declaration of war the British frigate Furious was fired on outside Odessa harbour. In response an Anglo-French fleet bombarded the port, causing much damage to the town. To show support for Turkey after the battle of Sinop, on the 22th of December 1853, the Anglo-French squadron entered the Black Sea and the steamship HMS Retribution approached the Port of Sevastopol, the commander of which received an ultimatum not to allow any ships in the Black Sea.

Q1: At what harbor did a Russian fleet attacked a Ottoman force?
A1: harbour at Sinop
Q2: What was the name of the ship that was attacked outside of the Odessa harbor?
A2: Furious
Q3: Who attacked the port after the attack outside of Odessa harbor?
A3: an Anglo-French fleet
Q4: After the battle of Sinop, what steamship approached the Port of Sevastopol to show support for Turkey?
A4: HMS Retribution
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base. At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96 Trident I delivery missiles (SLBM) were stored and maintained, guarded by a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.

Q1: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station closed?
A1: 1996
Q2: How many nuclear warheads were stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station?
A2: 2,500 nuclear warheads
Q3: How many SSBN "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station?
A3: Two
Q4: Submarine Squadron 4 is homeported at what type of military base?
A4: Naval Base
Q5: What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads?
A5: a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.