LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

In the traditional domain noted in RFC 1591, .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD. It is not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status, however; it encompasses anything that is not classifiable as another category. Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org, so one can find organizations of all sorts in either of these domains, as well as other top-level domains including newer, more specific ones which may apply to particular sorts of organizations such as .museum for museums or .coop for cooperatives. Organizations might also register by the appropriate country code top-level domain for their country.

Q1: What does .org on a URL mean?
A1: organizations that didn't fit anywhere else
Q2: Are only NPOs allowed to use .org?
A2: not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status
Q3: What is included in the list of organizations allowed to use .org?
A3: encompasses anything that is not classifiable as another category
Q4: Is there an agency that decides if someone is using the domain designation incorrectly?
A4: Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org
Q5: What new domain designation should a museum use?
A5: .museum
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

In the tree a knot is either the base of a side branch or a dormant bud. A knot (when the base of a side branch) is conical in shape (hence the roughly circular cross-section) with the inner tip at the point in stem diameter at which the plant's vascular cambium was located when the branch formed as a bud.

Q1: Other than the base of a side branch, what tree feature causes a knot?
A1: a dormant bud
Q2: What shape is the knot formed by a side branch's base?
A2: conical
Q3: What measurement of a stem determines a knot's inner tip placement?
A3: diameter
Q4: Because a knot's shape is conical, what shape does a cross-section of it have?
A4: circular
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

In the tropics there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, and it is always warm enough for a food supply, but altitudinal migration occurs in some tropical birds. There is evidence that this enables the migrants to obtain more of their preferred foods such as fruits.

Q1: Where is there little variation in the length of day throughout the year?
A1: In the tropics
Q2: Why does altitudinal migration occur in some tropical birds?
A2: to obtain more of their preferred foods
Q3: What are tropical birds preferred foods?
A3: fruits
Q4: Where is it always warm enough for food supply?
A4: In the tropics
Title: Eritrea
Topic: Natural sciences

In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.

Q1: When did Emperor Yohannes II die?
A1: 1889
Q2: What did Gen. Oreste Baratieri proclaim in the highlands along the Eritrean coast?
A2: the new colony of Italian Eritrea
Q3: What was the new colony of Italia Eritrea a colony of?
A3: the Kingdom of Italy
Q4: When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?
A4: 1889
Q5: What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?
A5: 1889–1913
Title: Gymnastics
Topic: Sports and recreation

In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves forward or backward, off of this platform to a two footed landing (post flight segment). Every gymnast starts at a different point on the vault runway depending on their height and strength. The post flight segment may include one or more multiple saltos or somersaults, and/or twisting movements. A round-off entry vault, called a Yurchenko, is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics. When performing a yurchenko, gymnasts "round-off" so hands are on the runway while the feet land on the springboard (beatboard). From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards and executes a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting table. The gymnast then blocks off the vaulting platform into various twisting and/or somersaulting combinations. The post flight segment brings the gymnast to her feet.

Q1: How long is the run way in vaulting?
A1: 25 metres (82 ft)
Q2: How man feet do vaulters land on?
A2: a two footed landing
Q3: What determines where a vaulter starts on the runway?
A3: their height and strength
Q4: What is a round-off entry vault called?
A4: Yurchenko
Q5: What is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics?
A5: yurchenko
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough. Radical Reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referred to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the "new papists". Since the term "magister" also means "teacher", the Magisterial Reformation is also characterized by an emphasis on the authority of a teacher. This is made evident in the prominence of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli as leaders of the reform movements in their respective areas of ministry. Because of their authority, they were often criticized by Radical Reformers as being too much like the Roman Popes. A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.

Q1: Which reformation was seen as not being effective enough?
A1: the Magisterial Reformation
Q2: What did Karlstadt call Lutheran theologians?
A2: new papists
Q3: What is another name for magister?
A3: teacher
Q4: What were reform movement leaders compared to?
A4: Roman Popes
Q5: What has been linked with pacifism?
A5: Anabaptism
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to "ancestral gods" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a politically and socially fractured Empire and its multitude of cults; no ancestral gods were specified by name. The fulfillment of sacrificial obligation by loyal subjects would define them and their gods as Roman. Roman oaths of loyalty were traditionally collective; the Decian oath has been interpreted as a design to root out individual subversives and suppress their cults, but apostasy was sought, rather than capital punishment. A year after its due deadline, the edict expired.

Q1: Which emperor decreed that all Romans must sacrifice to traditional gods?
A1: Decius
Q2: What religious group was exempt from sacrifices?
A2: Jews
Q3: What oath was a requirement of the emperor's decree?
A3: Decian oath
Q4: What was the Decian decree meant to root out?
A4: subversives
Q5: What happened to the decree after a year?
A5: edict expired.
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

In the wake of the Coventry Blitz, there was widespread agitation from the Communist Party over the need for bomb-proof shelters. Many Londoners, in particular, took to using the Underground railway system, without authority, for shelter and sleeping through the night there until the following morning. So worried were the Government over the sudden campaign of leaflets and posters distributed by the Communist Party in Coventry and London, that the Police were sent in to seize their production facilities. The Government, up until November 1940, was opposed to the centralised organisation of shelter. Home Secretary Sir John Anderson was replaced by Morrison soon afterwards, in the wake of a Cabinet reshuffle as the dying Neville Chamberlain resigned. Morrison warned that he could not counter the Communist unrest unless provision of shelters were made. He recognised the right of the public to seize tube stations and authorised plans to improve their condition and expand them by tunnelling. Still, many British citizens, who had been members of the Labour Party, itself inert over the issue, turned to the Communist Party. The Communists attempted to blame the damage and casualties of the Coventry raid on the rich factory owners, big business and landowning interests and called for a negotiated peace. Though they failed to make a large gain in influence, the membership of the Party had doubled by June 1941. The "Communist threat" was deemed important enough for Herbert Morrison to order, with the support of the Cabinet, the stoppage of the Daily Worker and The Week; the Communist newspaper and journal.

Q1: What was the communist party agitated over?
A1: the need for bomb-proof shelters.
Q2: What did Londoners use for bomb-shelters?
A2: Underground railway system
Q3: What did Morrison warn he couldn't do?
A3: that he could not counter the Communist unrest unless provision of shelters were made.
Q4: Who did the Communists blame for the damage in the Conventry raids?
A4: the rich factory owners, big business and landowning interests
Q5: What was Morrison forced to do in response to the Communist Party?
A5: the stoppage of the Daily Worker and The Week; the Communist newspaper and journal.
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

In the wake of the Republic's collapse, state religion had adapted to support the new regime of the emperors. Augustus, the first Roman emperor, justified the novelty of one-man rule with a vast program of religious revivalism and reform. Public vows formerly made for the security of the republic now were directed at the wellbeing of the emperor. So-called "emperor worship" expanded on a grand scale the traditional Roman veneration of the ancestral dead and of the Genius, the divine tutelary of every individual. Imperial cult became one of the major ways in which Rome advertised its presence in the provinces and cultivated shared cultural identity and loyalty throughout the Empire. Rejection of the state religion was tantamount to treason. This was the context for Rome's conflict with Christianity, which Romans variously regarded as a form of atheism and novel superstitio.

Q1: After the Republic collapsed,  what addition was made to the religions of Rome?
A1: emperors
Q2: Who was the first Roman emperor?
A2: Augustus
Q3: For whose well being were public vows made in the empire?
A3: emperor
Q4: What did the Romans use as a means of expanding their rule throughout the empire?
A4: Imperial cult
Q5: As what during the time of the Roman empire  was rejection of the state religion viewed?
A5: treason
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

In the wake of the United States' economic downturn and the legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on August 31; the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on September 2; and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16.

Q1: How many casino closures took place in Atlantic City in 2014?
A1: four
Q2: What was the name of the poorest performing casino in the city that ultimately closed in 2014?
A2: Trump Plaza
Q3: What year did Trump Plaza originally open?
A3: 1984
Q4: What was the name of Atlantic City's second-newest casino that ultimately closed in 2014?
A4: Revel
Q5: What was the name of the first casino to close in 2014?
A5: Atlantic Club
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

In the wake of the closures and declining revenue from casinos, Governor Christie said in September 2014 that the state would consider a 2015 referendum to end the 40-year-old monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling and allowing gambling in other municipalities. With casino revenue declining from $5.2 billion in 2006 to $2.9 billion in 2013, the state saw a drop in money from its 8% tax on those earnings, which is used to fund programs for senior citizens and the disabled.

Q1: How long had Atlantic City held a monopoly on casino gambling?
A1: 40-year
Q2: Who said that the state would consider a referendum to end the monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling?
A2: Governor Christie
Q3: When did Governor Christie say that the state would consider a referendum?
A3: September 2014
Q4: How much was casino revenue in 2006?
A4: $5.2 billion
Q5: How much was casino revenue in 2013?
A5: $2.9 billion
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's claim to co-discovery, and the issue was re-evaluated by historians with the return in 1998 of the "Neptune papers" (historical documents) to the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. After reviewing the documents, they suggest that "Adams does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune. That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it."

Q1: What two countries argued over credit for the discovery of Neptune? 
A1: French and the British
Q2: Who ultimately deserved credit for the discovery of Neptune? 
A2: Le Verrier and Adams
Q3: Who questioned Adams's claim to co-discovery of Neptune? 
A3: Dennis Rawlins
Q4: Who did not deserve credit to co-discovery of Neptune? 
A4: Adams
Q5: Who predicted Neptune's place and convinced astronomer's to search for it? 
A5: Le Verrier
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

In the wake of the racially-motivated" church shooting in Charleston, South Carolina, Yale was under criticism again in the summer of 2015 for Calhoun College, one of 12 residential colleges, which was named after John C. Calhoun, a slave-owner and strong slavery supporter in the nineteenth century. In July 2015 students signed a petition calling for the name change. They argued in the petition that—while Calhoun was respected in the 19th century as an "extraordinary American statesman"—he was "one of the most prolific defenders of slavery and white supremacy" in the history of the United States. In August 2015 Yale President Peter Salovey addressed the Freshman Class of 2019 in which he responded to the racial tensions but explained why the college would not be renamed. He described Calhoun as a "a notable political theorist, a vice president to two different U.S. presidents, a secretary of war and of state, and a congressman and senator representing South Carolina." He acknowledged that Calhoun also "believed that the highest forms of civilization depend on involuntary servitude. Not only that, but he also believed that the races he thought to be inferior, black people in particular, ought to be subjected to it for the sake of their own best interests." Racial tensions increased in the fall of 2015 centering on comments by Nicholas A. Christakis and his wife Erika regarding freedom of speech. In April 2016 Salovey announced that "despite decades of vigorous alumni and student protests," Calhoun's name will remain on the Yale residential college explaining that it is preferable for Yale students to live in Calhoun's "shadow" so they will be "better prepared to rise to the challenges of the present and the future." He claimed that if they removed Calhoun's name, it would "obscure" his "legacy of slavery rather than addressing it." "Yale is part of that history" and "We cannot erase American history, but we can confront it, teach it and learn from it." One change that will be issued is the title of “master” for faculty members who serve as residential college leaders will be renamed to “head of college” due to its connotation of slavery.

Q1: Who was Calhoun college named for?
A1: John C. Calhoun
Q2: Why did people dislike the college being named after John C. Calhoun?
A2: a slave-owner and strong slavery supporter in the nineteenth century
Q3: What title change will be happening to reduce racial tensions?
A3: the title of “master” for faculty members who serve as residential college leaders will be renamed to “head of college”
Q4: What did President Salovey believe would happen if Calhoun's name was removed from the college?
A4: it would "obscure" his "legacy of slavery rather than addressing it."
Q5: Whose comments increased racial tension in the Fall of 2015?
A5: Nicholas A. Christakis and his wife Erika
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

In the wake of these external defeats, the Guangxu Emperor initiated the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898. Newer, more radical advisers such as Kang Youwei were given positions of influence. The emperor issued a series of edicts and plans were made to reorganize the bureaucracy, restructure the school system, and appoint new officials. Opposition from the bureaucracy was immediate and intense. Although she had been involved in the initial reforms, the empress dowager stepped in to call them off, arrested and executed several reformers, and took over day-to-day control of policy. Yet many of the plans stayed in place, and the goals of reform were implanted.

Q1: Name an advisor to Guangxu?
A1: Kang Youwei
Q2: What did the emperor do in response to so many defeats by the Europeans?
A2: Hundred Days' Reform of 1898
Q3: Who took over the policy of China?
A3: empress dowager
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

In the west, the Russians were dissuaded from attacking Vidin by the presence of the Austrian forces, which had swelled to 280,000 men. On 28 May 1854 a protocol of the Vienna Conference was signed by Austria and Russia. One of the aims of the Russian advance had been to encourage the Orthodox Christian Serbs and Bulgarians living under Ottoman rule to rebel. However, when the Russian troops actually crossed the River Pruth into Moldavia, the Orthodox Christians still showed no interest in rising up against the Turks.:131, 137 Adding to the worries of Nicholas I was the concern that Austria would enter the war against the Russians and attack his armies on the western flank. Indeed, after attempting to mediate a peaceful settlement between Russia and Turkey, the Austrians entered the war on the side of Turkey with an attack against the Russians in the Principalities which threatened to cut off the Russian supply lines. Accordingly, the Russians were forced to raise the siege of Silistra on 23 June 1854, and begin abandoning the Principalities.:185 The lifting of the siege reduced the threat of a Russian advance into Bulgaria.

Q1: Who stopped the Russians from attacking Vidin?
A1: Austrian forces
Q2: How man men did the Austrian forces have when stopping the attack on Vidin?
A2: 280,000
Q3: What river did the Russians crossed when they entered the city of Moldavia?
A3: River Pruth
Q4: Who didn't show any signs of rising up against the Turks?
A4: Orthodox Christians
Q5: After the settlement between Russia and Turkey, who did the Austrians decide to join?
A5: Turkey
Title: George_VI
Topic: History

In the words of Labour Member of Parliament George Hardie, the abdication crisis of 1936 did "more for republicanism than fifty years of propaganda". George VI wrote to his brother Edward that in the aftermath of the abdication he had reluctantly assumed "a rocking throne", and tried "to make it steady again". He became king at a point when public faith in the monarchy was at a low ebb. During his reign his people endured the hardships of war, and imperial power was eroded. However, as a dutiful family man and by showing personal courage, he succeeded in restoring the popularity of the monarchy.

Q1: How high was public faith in the monarchy when King George assumed the throne?
A1: low
Q2: What position did George Hardie hold?
A2: Labour Member of Parliament
Q3: Who was George VI's brother?
A3: Edward
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes the universal Church in a very special way by associating with himself as cardinals the most select persons only, and appoint to each church most eminently upright and competent shepherds; and this the more so, because our Lord Jesus Christ will require at his hands the blood of the sheep of Christ that perish through the evil government of shepherds who are negligent and forgetful of their office."

Q1: In what year did Pope Pius IV wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals? 
A1: 1563
Q2: Who was in charge of the Ecumenical Council of Trent?
A2: Pope Pius IV
Q3: In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write in regards to the selection of Cardinals?
A3: 1563
Q4: Who was the pope who headed the Ecumencial Council of Trent in that year?
A4: Pope Pius IV
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

In the year 2000, according to a study by American Association of University Professors (AAUP), affirmative action promoted diversity within colleges and universities. This has been shown to have positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students as well as the teaching of faculty members. According to a study by Geoffrey Maruyama and José F. Moreno, the results showed that faculty members believed diversity helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education, Caucasian students suffer no detrimental effects from classroom diversity, and that attention to multicultural learning improves the ability of colleges and universities to accomplish their missions. Furthermore, a diverse population of students offers unique perspectives in order to challenge preconceived notions through exposure to the experiences and ideas of others. According to Professor Gurin of the University of Michigan, skills such as "perspective-taking, acceptance of differences, a willingness and capacity to find commonalities among differences, acceptance of conflict as normal, conflict resolution, participation in democracy, and interest in the wider social world" can potentially be developed in college while being exposed to heterogeneous group of students. In addition, broadening perspectives helps students confront personal and substantive stereotypes and fosters discussion about racial and ethnic issues in a classroom setting. Furthermore, the 2000 AAUP study states that having a diversity of views leads to a better discussion and greater understanding among the students on issues of race, tolerance, fairness, etc.

Q1: What does AAUP stand for?
A1: American Association of University Professors
Q2: What were the effects of affirmative action on universities according to the study done by the AAUP?
A2: positive effects on the educational outcomes and experiences of college students
Q3: What did a study claim about the beliefs of faculty members on increased diversity?
A3: helps students to reach the essential goals of a college education
Q4: Who supposedly suffers no detrimental effects from classroom diversity?
A4: Caucasian students
Q5: In which year did the AAUP release their study?
A5: 2000
Title: Umayyad_Caliphate
Topic: History

In the year 712, Muhammad bin Qasim, an Umayyad general, sailed from the Persian Gulf into Sindh in Pakistan and conquered both the Sindh and the Punjab regions along the Indus river. The conquest of Sindh and Punjab, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, were major gains for the Umayyad Caliphate. However, further gains were halted by Hindu kingdoms in India in the battle of Rajasthan. The Arabs tried to invade India but they were defeated by the north Indian king Nagabhata of the Pratihara Dynasty and by the south Indian Emperor Vikramaditya II of the Chalukya dynasty in the early 8th century. After this the Arab chroniclers admit that the Caliph Mahdi "gave up the project of conquering any part of India."

Q1: When did Muhammad bin Wasim sail to Pakistan?
A1: 712
Q2: Along with the Punjab, what did Muhammad bin Wasim conquer?
A2: Sindh
Q3: At what battle did the Hindus of India defeat the Umayyads?
A3: Rajasthan
Q4: To what dynasty did Vikramaditya II belong?
A4: Pratihara
Q5: Who was a notable king in this period from the Pratihara dynasty?
A5: Nagabhata
Title: Carnival
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: "Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a pagan." Confession books from around 800 contain more information about how people would dress as an animal or old woman during the festivities in January and February, even though this was a sin with no small penance. Also in Spain, San Isidoro de Sevilla is written complaint in the seventh century that people coming out into the streets disguised in many cases the opposite gender.

Q1: In what year did the synod in Leptines rant against the excesses of the festival?
A1: 743
Q2: In what month did the excesses occur?
A2: February
Q3: What type of books from around 800 contain more information of people's traditions during this period?
A3: Confession
Q4: What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as?
A4: an animal or old woman
Q5: What would some people in Spain go out disguised as?
A5: the opposite gender
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

In the years after Tito's death up to nowadays, some people have disputed his identity. Tito's personal doctor, Aleksandar Matunović, wrote a book about Tito in which he also questioned his true origin, noting that Tito's habits and lifestyle could only mean that he was from an aristocratic family. Serbian journalist Vladan Dinić (born 1949), in Tito nije tito, includes several possible alternate identities of Tito.

Q1: What was the name of Tito's personal doctor?
A1: Aleksandar Matunović
Q2: Who wrote a book about Tito questioning his true origin?
A2: Aleksandar Matunović
Q3: What Serbian journalist includes several alternate identities of Tito?
A3: Vladan Dinić
Q4: In what year waas Vladan Dinic born?
A4: 1949
Q5: Dinic gives several alternate identities of what person?
A5: Tito
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

In the years after World War II, the Japanese government also instituted a series of orthographic reforms. Some characters were given simplified forms called shinjitai 新字体 (lit. "new character forms", the older forms were then labelled the kyūjitai 旧字体, lit. "old character forms"). The number of characters in common use was restricted, and formal lists of characters to be learned during each grade of school were established, first the 1850-character tōyō kanji 当用漢字 list in 1945, the 1945-character jōyō kanji 常用漢字 list in 1981, and a 2136-character reformed version of the jōyō kanji in 2010. Many variant forms of characters and obscure alternatives for common characters were officially discouraged. This was done with the goal of facilitating learning for children and simplifying kanji use in literature and periodicals. These are simply guidelines, hence many characters outside these standards are still widely known and commonly used, especially those used for personal and place names (for the latter, see jinmeiyō kanji),[citation needed] as well as for some common words such as "dragon" (Japanese kana: たつ, Rōmaji: tatsu) in which both the shinjitai 竜 and the kyūjitai 龍 forms of the kanji are both acceptable and widely known amongst native Japanese speakers.

Q1: What did the Japanese government institute? 
A1: series of orthographic reforms
Q2: What was restricted?
A2: The number of characters in common use
Q3: When was the 2136 character reformed?
A3: 2010
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

In the years following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, some historians stated that human rights were suppressed in Yugoslavia under Tito, particularly in the first decade up until the Tito-Stalin split. On 4 October 2011, the Slovenian Constitutional Court found a 2009 naming of a street in Ljubljana after Tito to be unconstitutional. While several public areas in Slovenia (named during the Yugoslav period) do already bear Tito's name, on the issue of renaming an additional street the court ruled that:

Q1: On what year did a Slovenian court find a 2009 naming of a street after Tito to be unconstitutional?
A1: 2011
Q2: Where was the street named after Tito that was found unconstitutional located?
A2: Ljubljana
Q3: Several public area of Slovenia bear which person's name.
A3: Tito
Q4: Under which ruler do historians argue human rights were suppressed in Yugoslavia?
A4: Tito
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

In the years following the mid-1930s, Detroit was referred to as the "City of Champions" after the Tigers, Lions, and Red Wings captured all three major professional sports championships in a seven-month period of time (the Tigers won the World Series in October 1935; the Lions won the NFL championship in December 1935; the Red Wings won the Stanley Cup in April 1936). In 1932, Eddie "The Midnight Express" Tolan from Detroit won the 100- and 200-meter races and two gold medals at the 1932 Summer Olympics. Joe Louis won the heavyweight championship of the world in 1937.

Q1: What is Detroit's sports related nickname?
A1: City of Champions
Q2: What is Eddie Tolan's nickname?
A2: The Midnight Express
Q3: Who won the boxing title in 1937?
A3: Joe Louis
Q4: Who won the Stanley Cup in 1936?
A4: Red Wings
Q5: Who won the World Series in 1935?
A5: Tigers
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of "uprisings" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten days. President Eisenhower pledged his continued support, and a parade was held in Diem's honor in New York City. Although Diem was publicly praised, in private Secretary of State John Foster Dulles conceded that Diem had been selected because there were no better alternatives.

Q1: How many soldiers did Eisenhower ultimately send to Vietnam?
A1: 900
Q2: How many days did the President of South Vietnam visit the US for in 1957?
A2: ten
Q3: Where was a parade held for the President of South Vietnam?
A3: New York City
Q4: Who was Secretary of State in 1957?
A4: John Foster Dulles
Q5: According to Dulles, why was Diem made president of Vietnam?
A5: there were no better alternatives
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

In the years to follow, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued. Even though support for republicanism in Britain seemed higher than at any time in living memory, republicanism was still a minority viewpoint, and the Queen herself had high approval ratings. Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions. In consultation with her husband and the Prime Minister, John Major, as well as the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, and her private secretary, Robert Fellowes, she wrote to Charles and Diana at the end of December 1995, saying that a divorce was desirable.

Q1: What political feeling is still a minority view in Britain?
A1: republicanism
Q2: What state of affairs produced revelations and problems for Elizabeth?
A2: Charles and Diana's marriage
Q3: In spite of criticisms what kind of approval ratings did Elizabeth have?
A3: high
Q4: What institution was being criticized during the time of Charles and Diana's breakup?
A4: monarchy
Q5: When did Elizabeth write to tell Charles and Diana to get a divorce?
A5: December 1995
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

In their attempt to ensure white supremacy decades after emancipation, in the early 20th century, most southern states created laws based on the one-drop rule, defining as black, persons with any known African ancestry. This was a stricter interpretation than what had prevailed in the 19th century; it ignored the many mixed families in the state and went against commonly accepted social rules of judging a person by appearance and association. Some courts called it "the traceable amount rule." Anthropologists called it an example of a hypodescent rule, meaning that racially mixed persons were assigned the status of the socially subordinate group.

Q1: What is the one-drop rule?
A1: defining as black, persons with any known African ancestry
Q2: What did some courts call the one-drop rule?
A2: "the traceable amount rule."
Q3: What is a hypodesecnt rule?
A3: meaning that racially mixed persons were assigned the status of the socially subordinate group
Q4: When was the one-drop rule in effect?
A4: in the early 20th century
Q5: What is the one-drop rule?
A5: black, persons with any known African ancestry.
Q6: What is the hypodescent rule?
A6: racially mixed persons were assigned the status of the socially subordinate group.
Q7: Why were laws like the one drop rule enacted?
A7: In their attempt to ensure white supremacy decades after emancipation
Q8: What made the one drop rule stricter than rules in the 19th century?
A8: it ignored the many mixed families in the state and went against commonly accepted social rules of judging a person by appearance and association.
Q9: In the early 1900s, what was did black mean in southern states?
A9: persons with any known African ancestry
Q10: Prior to the 1900s, what was the socially accepted rule for racial interpretation?
A10: judging a person by appearance and association.
Q11: What rule means multiracial people are given status of the socially subordinate group?
A11: a hypodescent rule
Q12: What was the rule used in law in the 1900s called?
A12: the one-drop rule
Q13: What was the rule in the 1800s called?
A13: the traceable amount rule
Title: Labour_Party_(UK)
Topic: Geography and places

In their first meeting after the election the group's Members of Parliament decided to adopt the name "The Labour Party" formally (15 February 1906). Keir Hardie, who had taken a leading role in getting the party established, was elected as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (in effect, the Leader), although only by one vote over David Shackleton after several ballots. In the party's early years the Independent Labour Party (ILP) provided much of its activist base as the party did not have individual membership until 1918 but operated as a conglomerate of affiliated bodies. The Fabian Society provided much of the intellectual stimulus for the party. One of the first acts of the new Liberal Government was to reverse the Taff Vale judgement.

Q1: Who overturned the Taft Vale judgement?
A1: Liberal Government
Q2: Who was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party?
A2: Keir Hardie
Q3: How many votes did Keir Hardie win by?
A3: one vote
Q4: Who was Keir Hardie's opponent?
A4: David Shackleton
Title: Cubism
Topic: Art and architecture

In their theoretical rules, the Cubist architects expressed the requirement of dynamism, which would surmount the matter and calm contained in it, through a creative idea, so that the result would evoke feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer. This should be achieved by shapes derived from pyramids, cubes and prisms, by arrangements and compositions of oblique surfaces, mainly triangular, sculpted facades in protruding crystal-like units, reminiscent of the so-called diamond cut, or even cavernous that are reminiscent of the late Gothic architecture. In this way, the entire surfaces of the facades including even the gables and dormers are sculpted. The grilles as well as other architectural ornaments attain a three-dimensional form. Thus, new forms of windows and doors were also created, e. g. hexagonal windows. Czech Cubist architects also designed Cubist furniture.

Q1: What was the essential piece Cubist architects explained in their theoretical rules? 
A1: dynamism
Q2: What's  window shapes di Czech Cubist architects use? 
A2: hexagonal
Q3: What feelings should Cubist architecture evoke in viewer?
A3: dynamism and expressive plasticity
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe. Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. In atheism, God is not believed to exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal (immaterial), a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the "greatest conceivable existent". Many notable philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God.

Q1: In what belief is God the creator and sustainer of the universe?
A1: theism
Q2: What does deism believe God's role in the universe is?
A2: the creator, but not the sustainer
Q3: Which belief is that God is the universe?
A3: pantheism
Q4: Which belief system definitively believes in no Higher Power or Supreme Being?
A4: atheism
Q5: Which belief system belives in some form of higher powwer, or something, but not organized religion?
A5: agnosticism
Q6: What is God in theism?
A6: creator and sustainer of the universe
Q7: What is God in deism?
A7: the creator
Q8: What is monotheism?
A8: belief in the existence of one God
Q9: What is atheism?
A9: God is not believed to exist
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

In theory at least, all Polish noblemen were social equals. Also in theory, they were legal peers. Those who held 'real power' dignities were more privileged but these dignities were not hereditary. Those who held honorary dignities were higher in 'ritual' hierarchy but these dignities were also granted for a lifetime. Some tenancies became hereditary and went with both privilege and titles. Nobles who were not direct barons of the Crown but held land from other lords were only peers "de iure".

Q1: In theory how were all polish noblemen viewed?
A1: equals
Q2: Was was unique about the dignities?
A2: not hereditary
Q3: If one is high in dignities they are also high in what other form?
A3: ritual
Q4: Nobles held land form whom?
A4: other lords were only peers "de iure"
Title: Dutch_Republic
Topic: History

In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.

Q1: Who appointed the stadtholders?
A1: the states of each province
Q2: Who were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces?
A2: the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent
Q3: Which states had the same stadtholder as Holland?
A3: Zeeland and usually Utrecht
Title: Comprehensive_school
Topic: Social sciences and society

In these schools children could be selected on the basis of curriculum aptitude related to the school's specialism even though the schools do take quotas from each quartile of the attainment range to ensure they were not selective by attainment. A problem with this is whether the quotas should be taken from a normal distribution or from the specific distribution of attainment in the immediate catchment area. In the selective school system, which survives in several parts of the United Kingdom, admission is dependent on selection criteria, most commonly a cognitive test or tests. Although comprehensive schools were introduced to England and Wales in 1965, there are 164 selective grammar schools that are still in operation.[citation needed] (though this is a small number compared to approximately 3500 state secondary schools in England). Most comprehensives are secondary schools for children between the ages of 11 to 16, but in a few areas there are comprehensive middle schools, and in some places the secondary level is divided into two, for students aged 11 to 14 and those aged 14 to 18, roughly corresponding to the US middle school (or junior high school) and high school, respectively. With the advent of key stages in the National Curriculum some local authorities reverted from the Middle School system to 11–16 and 11–18 schools so that the transition between schools corresponds to the end of one key stage and the start of another.

Q1: How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?
A1: 164
Q2: In what year were comprehensive schools first created?
A2: 1965
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

In this paper, he described a new system for storing and working with large databases. Instead of records being stored in some sort of linked list of free-form records as in CODASYL, Codd's idea was to use a "table" of fixed-length records, with each table used for a different type of entity. A linked-list system would be very inefficient when storing "sparse" databases where some of the data for any one record could be left empty. The relational model solved this by splitting the data into a series of normalized tables (or relations), with optional elements being moved out of the main table to where they would take up room only if needed. Data may be freely inserted, deleted and edited in these tables, with the DBMS doing whatever maintenance needed to present a table view to the application/user.

Q1: Who proposed using a table to store data?
A1: Codd
Q2: How is data accessed in a table?
A2: A linked-list system
Q3: What model solved the problem of databases where information was missing?
A3: relational
Q4: What system assists a user in seeing a table?
A4: DBMS
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism.

Q1: By tradition, when a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family she raises her children to be which type of Jew?
A1: Ashkenazi Jews
Q2: When an Ashkenazi woman marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man it is expected that her children will take on which kind of identity?
A2: children inherit a Sephardic identity
Q3: A convert generally follows which practice?
A3: the practice of the beth din that converted him or her
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi; the American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau; the founders of progressive education, John Dewey and Francis Parker; and educational pioneers such as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner, and more recently John Caldwell Holt, Paul Goodman, Frederick Mayer, George Dennison and Ivan Illich.

Q1: Whos educatgion approach was introduced in Germany in the 19th century and is used in most Kindergartens?
A1: Friedrich Fröbel's
Q2: Who from Switzerland was an influential in education?
A2: Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Q3: Who were the founders of progressive education?
A3: John Dewey and Francis Parker
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

In time, the network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet. The emergence of networking involved a redefinition of the nature and boundaries of the computer. Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define and access the resources of other computers on the network, such as peripheral devices, stored information, and the like, as extensions of the resources of an individual computer. Initially these facilities were available primarily to people working in high-tech environments, but in the 1990s the spread of applications like e-mail and the World Wide Web, combined with the development of cheap, fast networking technologies like Ethernet and ADSL saw computer networking become almost ubiquitous. In fact, the number of computers that are networked is growing phenomenally. A very large proportion of personal computers regularly connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information. "Wireless" networking, often utilizing mobile phone networks, has meant networking is becoming increasingly ubiquitous even in mobile computing environments.

Q1: The network spread to be known as what today?
A1: the Internet.
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

In times past, until the 15th century, in Korea, Literary Chinese was the dominant form of written communication, prior to the creation of hangul, the Korean alphabet. Much of the vocabulary, especially in the realms of science and sociology, comes directly from Chinese, comparable to Latin or Greek root words in European languages. However, due to the lack of tones in Korean,[citation needed] as the words were imported from Chinese, many dissimilar characters took on identical sounds, and subsequently identical spelling in hangul.[citation needed] Chinese characters are sometimes used to this day for either clarification in a practical manner, or to give a distinguished appearance, as knowledge of Chinese characters is considered a high class attribute and an indispensable part of a classical education.[citation needed] It is also observed that the preference for Chinese characters is treated as being conservative and Confucian.

Q1: What was the dominant form of written communication?
A1: Literary Chinese
Q2: What is treated as being conservative and confucian?
A2: Chinese characters
Q3: What comes directly from China?
A3: science and sociology