LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Rajasthan
Topic: Geography and places

Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises the erstwhile nineteen princely states, two chiefships, and the British district of Ajmer-Merwara. Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (Chittorgarh), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. Bharatpur and Dholpur were Jat princely states whereas Tonk was a princely state under a Muslim Nawab. Rajput families rose to prominence in the 6th century CE. The Rajputs put up a valiant resistance to the Islamic invasions and protected this land with their warfare and chivalry for more than 500 years. They also resisted Mughal incursions into India and thus contributed to their slower-than-anticipated access to the Indian subcontinent. Later, the Mughals, through skilled warfare, were able to get a firm grip on northern India, including Rajasthan. Mewar led other kingdoms in its resistance to outside rule. Most notably, Rana Sanga fought the Battle of Khanua against Babur, the founder of the Mughal empire.

Q1: How many princely states of Rajputana contain?
A1: nineteen
Q2: What is the name of the British district within Rajputana?
A2: Ajmer-Merwara
Q3: Bharatpur is an example of what kind of state?
A3: princely
Q4: Under a Muslim Nawab there was a princely state, what was its name?
A4: Tonk
Q5: What families rose to power in the 6th century?
A5: Rajput families
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Modern adult contemporary can be a variation of hot AC, and includes modern rock titles in its presentation. In 1997, Mike Marino of KMXB in Las Vegas described the format as reaching "an audience that has outgrown the edgier hip-hop or alternative music but hasn't gotten old and sappy enough for the soft ACs." The format's artists included Alanis Morissette, Counting Crows, Gin Blossoms, Bon Jovi, Train, No Doubt, The Script, The Cranberries, Lifehouse, Sarah McLachlan, Sara Bareilles, John Mayer, Jewel, and Ingrid Michaelson. Unlike modern rock, which went after 18-34 men, this format appealed to women.

Q1: What station did Mike Marino work for in 1997?
A1: KMXB
Q2: Where was the radio station KMXB based in 1997?
A2: Las Vegas
Q3: What age demographic is modern rock radio focused on?
A3: 18-34
Q4: What is the sex of the listeners modern rock radio is geared towards?
A4: men
Q5: Unlike modern rock radio, what sex is adult contemporary radio said to appeal to?
A5: women
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites' inspiring national myth narrative. The Israelites and their culture, according to the modern archaeological account, did not overtake the region by force, but instead branched out of the Canaanite peoples and culture through the development of a distinct monolatristic — and later monotheistic — religion centered on Yahweh, one of the Ancient Canaanite deities. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of cultic practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group, setting them apart from other Canaanites. The Canaanites themselves are archeologically attested in the Middle Bronze Age, while the Hebrew language is the last extant member of the Canaanite languages. In the Iron Age I period (1200–1000 BCE) Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature.

Q1: Which culture was largely Canaanite in nature?
A1: Israelite
Q2: What is one of the Ancient Canaanite deities?
A2: Yahweh
Q3: The period of time from 1200 to 1000 BCE is known as what?
A3: Iron Age
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer cart, invented during Han, measured journey lengths, using mechanical figures banging drums and gongs to indicate each distance traveled. This invention is depicted in Han artwork by the 2nd century AD, yet detailed written descriptions were not offered until the 3rd century AD. Modern archaeologists have also unearthed specimens of devices used during the Han dynasty, for example a pair of sliding metal calipers used by craftsmen for making minute measurements. These calipers contain inscriptions of the exact day and year they were manufactured. These tools are not mentioned in any Han literary sources.

Q1: During which period was the odometer cart first created?
A1: Han
Q2: What item was used to make very small measurements during this era?
A2: sliding metal calipers
Q3: What has allowed us to discover long lost inventions of the Han era?
A3: artwork
Q4: What was used to separate parts of grain?
A4: winnowing machines
Q5: What use did the odometer cart provide?
A5: measured journey lengths
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".

Q1: Who created the account of Jesus?
A1: author of the Mark Gospel
Q2: Who amended the account at a later date?
A2: Luke
Q3: What prompts darkness over the land in old literary works?
A3: the death of kings and other major figures
Q4: What ethnicity are these literary works mostly?
A4: Jewish
Q5: Who describes the idea of an eclipse as totally wrong?
A5: Géza Vermes
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Modern botany is a broad, multidisciplinary subject with inputs from most other areas of science and technology. Research topics include the study of plant structure, growth and differentiation, reproduction, biochemistry and primary metabolism, chemical products, development, diseases, evolutionary relationships, systematics, and plant taxonomy. Dominant themes in 21st century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which are the mechanisms and control of gene expression during differentiation of plant cells and tissues. Botanical research has diverse applications in providing staple foods, materials such as timber, oil, rubber, fibre and drugs, in modern horticulture, agriculture and forestry, plant propagation, breeding and genetic modification, in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for construction and energy production, in environmental management, and the maintenance of biodiversity.

Q1: What is are the main themes of present-day botany?
A1: molecular genetics and epigenetics
Q2: How can botany be applied to combating world hunger?
A2: providing staple foods
Q3: How can botany be applied to the construction industry?
A3: synthesis of chemicals and raw materials
Q4: Is botany a narrow science?
A4: a broad, multidisciplinary subject
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

Modern chemistry emerged from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries through the material practices and theories promoted by alchemy, medicine, manufacturing and mining. A decisive moment came when 'chymistry' was distinguished from alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist, in 1661; although the alchemical tradition continued for some time after his work. Other important steps included the gravimetric experimental practices of medical chemists like William Cullen, Joseph Black, Torbern Bergman and Pierre Macquer and through the work of Antoine Lavoisier (Father of Modern Chemistry) on oxygen and the law of conservation of mass, which refuted phlogiston theory. The theory that all matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest constituents of matter that cannot be broken down without losing the basic chemical and physical properties of that matter, was provided by John Dalton in 1803, although the question took a hundred years to settle as proven. Dalton also formulated the law of mass relationships. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev composed his periodic table of elements on the basis of Dalton's discoveries.

Q1: When did modern chemistry come into existence?
A1: the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries
Q2: Who decided that chemistry and alchemy were different?
A2: Robert Boyle
Q3: What book was written by Robert Boyle in 1661?
A3: The Sceptical Chymist
Q4: What was Antoine Lavoisier's nickname?
A4: Father of Modern Chemistry
Q5: Which theory did the law of conservation of mass disagree with?
A5: phlogiston theory
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are generally considered as "computers". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from electronic toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.

Q1: Computers in today's age are based on what that make them much faster than earlier computers?
A1: integrated circuits
Q2: How much more powerful are modern computers versus early computers?
A2: millions to billions of times
Title: Old_English
Topic: Language and literature

Modern editions of Old English manuscripts generally introduce some additional conventions. The modern forms of Latin letters are used, including ⟨g⟩ in place of the insular G, ⟨s⟩ for long S, and others which may differ considerably from the insular script, notably ⟨e⟩, ⟨f⟩ and ⟨r⟩. Macrons are used to indicate long vowels, where usually no distinction was made between long and short vowels in the originals. (In some older editions an acute accent mark was used for consistency with Old Norse conventions.) Additionally, modern editions often distinguish between velar and palatal ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩ by placing dots above the palatals: ⟨ċ⟩, ⟨ġ⟩. The letter wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ is usually replaced with ⟨w⟩, but æsc, eth and thorn are normally retained (except when eth is replaced by thorn).

Q1: What form of c, when written, contains a dot over the letter?
A1: palatal
Q2: What conventional letter from the Latin alphabet typically replaces the wynn from Old English?
A2: w
Q3: What letter from the Latin alphabet replaces the Old English insular G?
A3: g
Q4: What Latin letter is used in place of the Old English long S?
A4: s
Q5: When eth is replaced, what is it replaced by?
A5: thorn
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

Modern electrification systems take AC energy from a power grid which is delivered to a locomotive and converted to a DC voltage to be used by traction motors. These motors may either be DC motors which directly use the DC or they may be 3-phase AC motors which require further conversion of the DC to 3-phase AC (using power electronics). Thus both systems are faced with the same task: converting and transporting high-voltage AC from the power grid to low-voltage DC in the locomotive. Where should this conversion take place and at what voltage and current (AC or DC) should the power flow to the locomotive? And how does all this relate to energy-efficiency? Both the transmission and conversion of electric energy involve losses: ohmic losses in wires and power electronics, magnetic field losses in transformers and smoothing reactors (inductors). Power conversion for a DC system takes place mainly in a railway substation where large, heavy, and more efficient hardware can be used as compared to an AC system where conversion takes place aboard the locomotive where space is limited and losses are significantly higher. Also, the energy used to blow air to cool transformers, power electronics (including rectifiers), and other conversion hardware must be accounted for.

Q1: What nowdays electrification systems can use?
A1: DC motors which directly use the DC or they may be 3-phase AC motors
Q2: What is the main action AC and DC systems have to deal with?
A2: converting and transporting
Q3: What type of losses happen during conversion and transmission in wires and electronics?
A3: ohmic losses
Q4: What kind of losses take place in transformers and inductors during conversion/transmission process?
A4: magnetic field losses
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

Modern evolutionary theory continues to develop. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, with its tree-like model of branching common descent, has become the unifying theory of the life sciences. The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment. It makes sense of the geologic record, biogeography, parallels in embryonic development, biological homologies, vestigiality, cladistics, phylogenetics and other fields, with unrivalled explanatory power; it has also become essential to applied sciences such as medicine and agriculture. Despite the scientific consensus, a religion-based political controversy has developed over how evolution is taught in schools, especially in the United States.

Q1: What branching common descent theory has become the most unifying one of the life sciences?
A1: Darwin's theory of evolution
Q2: What does the theory of evolution explain about living organisms?
A2: The theory explains the diversity of living organisms and their adaptation to the environment.
Q3: In what fields has Darwin's theory of evolution become particularly essential?
A3: medicine and agriculture
Q4: What kind of controversy has begun within school systems about Darwin's theory?
A4: a religion-based political controversy
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

Modern examples particularly include Chinese characters for SI units. In Chinese these units are disyllabic and standardly written with two characters, as 厘米 límǐ "centimeter" (厘 centi-, 米 meter) or 千瓦 qiānwǎ "kilowatt". However, in the 19th century these were often written via compound characters, pronounced disyllabically, such as 瓩 for 千瓦 or 糎 for 厘米 – some of these characters were also used in Japan, where they were pronounced with borrowed European readings instead. These have now fallen out of general use, but are occasionally seen. Less systematic examples include 圕 túshūguǎn "library", a contraction of 圖書館, A four-morpheme word, 社会主义 shèhuì zhǔyì "socialism", is commonly written with a single character formed by combining the last character, 义, with the radical of the first, 社, yielding roughly 礻义.

Q1: What are disyllabic and usually written with two characters?
A1: SI units
Q2: What is a less systematic example?
A2: túshūguǎn
Q3: What is commonly written with a single character formed by combining the last character with the radical of the first?
A3: socialism
Title: Unicode
Topic: Engineering and technology

Modern font technology provides a means to address the practical issue of needing to depict a unified Han character in terms of a collection of alternative glyph representations, in the form of Unicode variation sequences. For example, the Advanced Typographic tables of OpenType permit one of a number of alternative glyph representations to be selected when performing the character to glyph mapping process. In this case, information can be provided within plain text to designate which alternate character form to select.

Q1: what tables of OpenType allow permit the selection of alternative glyph representations?
A1: Advanced Typographic
Q2: Where is information provided to designate which character form to select? 
A2: plain text
Q3: How does modern font technology address the issue of depicting a Han character in alternate glyph representations? 
A3: Unicode variation sequences
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

Modern geology, like modern chemistry, gradually evolved during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Benoît de Maillet and the Comte de Buffon saw the Earth as much older than the 6,000 years envisioned by biblical scholars. Jean-Étienne Guettard and Nicolas Desmarest hiked central France and recorded their observations on some of the first geological maps. Aided by chemical experimentation, naturalists such as Scotland's John Walker, Sweden's Torbern Bergman, and Germany's Abraham Werner created comprehensive classification systems for rocks and minerals—a collective achievement that transformed geology into a cutting edge field by the end of the eighteenth century. These early geologists also proposed a generalized interpretations of Earth history that led James Hutton, Georges Cuvier and Alexandre Brongniart, following in the steps of Steno, to argue that layers of rock could be dated by the fossils they contained: a principle first applied to the geology of the Paris Basin. The use of index fossils became a powerful tool for making geological maps, because it allowed geologists to correlate the rocks in one locality with those of similar age in other, distant localities. Over the first half of the 19th century, geologists such as Charles Lyell, Adam Sedgwick, and Roderick Murchison applied the new technique to rocks throughout Europe and eastern North America, setting the stage for more detailed, government-funded mapping projects in later decades.

Q1: How old did biblical scholars think the Earth was?
A1: 6,000 years
Q2: Jean-Etienne Guettard and NIcolas Desmarest went to France and recorded what?
A2: the first geological maps
Q3: In the 18th century, what changed geology drastically?
A3: comprehensive classification systems for rocks and minerals
Q4: What are used to create geological maps?
A4: index fossils
Q5: What geological theory was applied to the Paris Basin?
A5: layers of rock could be dated by the fossils they contained
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Modern historiography on the period has reached a consensus between the two extremes of innovation and crisis. It is now (generally) acknowledged that conditions were vastly different north and south of the Alps, and "Late Middle Ages" is often avoided entirely within Italian historiography. The term "Renaissance" is still considered useful for describing certain intellectual, cultural, or artistic developments, but not as the defining feature of an entire European historical epoch. The period from the early 14th century up until – and sometimes including – the 16th century, is rather seen as characterised by other trends: demographic and economic decline followed by recovery, the end of western religious unity and the subsequent emergence of the nation state, and the expansion of European influence onto the rest of the world.

Q1: What geopolitical entity emerged from the Late Middle Ages?
A1: the nation state
Q2: Which mountain range is seen as a dividing line when considering conditions during the Middle Ages?
A2: the Alps
Q3: The Renaissance is generally used to describe developments in what areas of life in the Middle Ages?
A3: intellectual, cultural, or artistic
Q4: Which centuries are considered to be part of the Late Middle Ages?
A4: early 14th century up until – and sometimes including – the 16th century
Q5: What was the general effect of the Late Middle Ages on religion?
A5: the end of western religious unity
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with civil wars in Rome. The last Hasmonean ruler, Antigonus II Mattathias, was captured by Herod and executed in 37 BCE. In spite of originally being a revolt against Greek overlordship, the Hasmonean kingdom and also the Herodian kingdom which followed gradually became more and more hellenized. From 37 BCE to 6 CE, the Herodian dynasty, Jewish-Roman client kings, ruled Judea. Herod the Great considerably enlarged the Temple (see Herod's Temple), making it one of the largest religious structures in the world. The style of the enlarged temple and other Herodian architecture shows significant Hellenistic architectural influence.

Q1: What independent kingdom was formed out of the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus?
A1: Hasmonaean Dynasty
Q2: What years did the Hasmonaean Dynasty exist?
A2: 165 BCE to 63 BCE
Q3: Who was the last Hasmonean ruler?
A3: Antigonus II Mattathias
Q4: Who was Antigonus II Mattathias captured by?
A4: Herod
Q5: When was Antigonus II Mattathias executed?
A5: 37 BCE
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Modern morphology recognizes a continuum between the major morphological categories of root, stem (caulome), leaf (phyllome) and trichome. Furthermore, it emphasizes structural dynamics. Modern systematics aims to reflect and discover phylogenetic relationships between plants. Modern Molecular phylogenetics largely ignores morphological characters, relying on DNA sequences as data. Molecular analysis of DNA sequences from most families of flowering plants enabled the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to publish in 1998 a phylogeny of flowering plants, answering many of the questions about relationships among angiosperm families and species. The theoretical possibility of a practical method for identification of plant species and commercial varieties by DNA barcoding is the subject of active current research.

Q1: What kind of relationships does systematics aim to discover?
A1: phylogenetic
Q2: What does phylogenetics use to determine plant categories?
A2: DNA sequences
Q3: What did the Angiosperm Phylogeny group use determine a phylogeny of flowering plants?
A3: Molecular analysis of DNA
Q4: Modern Morphology recognizes the structural dynamics of what?
A4: the major morphological categories
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. Following the war, carrier operations continued to increase in size and importance. Supercarriers, displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater, have become the pinnacle of carrier development. Some are powered by nuclear reactors and form the core of a fleet designed to operate far from home. Amphibious assault ships, such as USS Tarawa and HMS Ocean, serve the purpose of carrying and landing Marines, and operate a large contingent of helicopters for that purpose. Also known as "commando carriers" or "helicopter carriers", many have the capability to operate VSTOL aircraft.

Q1: Which ship was originally known as being the capital ship of the fleet?
A1: the battleship
Q2: When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the capital ship of the fleet?
A2: World War II
Q3: What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater?
A3: Supercarriers
Q4: Which ships are used for carrying and landing Marines?
A4: Amphibious assault ships
Q5: What do Amphibious assalut ships need a large contingent of for carrying Marines?
A5: helicopters
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications, enabling easier dispatching of calls, criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds, and updating officers' daily activity log and other, required reports on a real-time basis. Other common pieces of police equipment include flashlights/torches, whistles, police notebooks and "ticket books" or citations.

Q1: How do modern police often communicate?
A1: radio
Q2: Where do police have radios?
A2: carried both on the person and installed in vehicles
Q3: Why do police use radios?
A3: to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly
Q4: What have computers in police cars enabled for investigation?
A4: criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds
Q5: What have computers in police cars enabled for reporting?
A5: updating officers' daily activity log and other, required reports on a real-time basis
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Modern separation techniques such as milling, centrifugation, and pressing have enabled concentration of particular components of food, yielding flour, oils, juices, and so on, and even separate fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Inevitably, such large-scale concentration changes the nutritional content of food, saving certain nutrients while removing others. Heating techniques may also reduce food's content of many heat-labile nutrients such as certain vitamins and phytochemicals, and possibly other yet-to-be-discovered substances. Because of reduced nutritional value, processed foods are often 'enriched' or 'fortified' with some of the most critical nutrients (usually certain vitamins) that were lost during processing. Nonetheless, processed foods tend to have an inferior nutritional profile compared to whole, fresh foods, regarding content of both sugar and high GI starches, potassium/sodium, vitamins, fiber, and of intact, unoxidized (essential) fatty acids. In addition, processed foods often contain potentially harmful substances such as oxidized fats and trans fatty acids.

Q1: Centrifugation and pressing are prime examples of what?
A1: Modern separation techniques
Q2: An unfortunate side effect of concentrating food components is that it causes what change in the food?
A2: nutritional content
Q3: What kind of nutritional value do the processed foods have in comparison to their fresh variants?
A3: reduced
Q4: What is another term other than 'fortified' that can be used to describe the addition of nutrients to processed food?
A4: enriched
Q5: Outside of oxidized fats, what is another substance that is deemed harmful that can be found in processed foods?
A5: trans fatty acids
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the works of authors such as Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Petrarch. Dante's Florentine-Tuscan literary Italian thus became the language of the literate and upper class in Italy, and it spread throughout the peninsula as the lingua franca among the Italian educated class as well as Italian traveling merchants. The economic prowess and cultural and artistic importance of Tuscany in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance further encouraged the diffusion of the Florentine-Tuscan Italian throughout Italy and among the educated and powerful, though local and regional languages remained the main languages of the common people.

Q1: What language is modern standard Italian derived from?
A1: Florentine Tuscan
Q2: What language is Florentine Tuscan based on?
A2: Latin
Q3: During what century did Florentine Tuscan begin to be used in poetry?
A3: 12th
Q4: What socioeconomic class used the Florentine Tuscan language in Dante's time?
A4: upper class
Q5: From what region of Italy did Florentine Tuscan derive?
A5: Tuscany
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

Modern treaties, regardless of subject matter, usually contain articles governing where the final authentic copies of the treaty will be deposited and how any subsequent disputes as to their interpretation will be peacefully resolved.

Q1: What type of resolution to disputes is typically outlined in a treaty?
A1: peaceful
Q2: Which section of a treaty typically contains information about the whereabouts of the final authentic copies of a treaty?
A2: articles
Q3: Parties to a treaty might have disputes about what aspect of the articles of a treaty?
A3: their interpretation
Q4: Which copies of a treaty have their locations outlined in most modern treaties?
A4: the final authentic copies
Q5: Modern treaties typically outline the procedures for the peaceful resolution of what?
A5: disputes
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.

Q1: When did the Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates merge?
A1: 1914
Q2: Which empire ruled Nigeria as a colony?
A2: British
Q3: When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?
A3: 1960
Q4: When did a Nigerian Civil War begin?
A4: 1967
Q5: When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?
A5: 2011
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

Modified radicals and new variants are two common reasons for the ever-increasing number of characters. There are about 300 radicals and 100 are in common use. Creating a new character by modifying the radical is an easy way to disambiguate homographs among xíngshēngzì pictophonetic compounds. This practice began long before the standardization of Chinese script by Qin Shi Huang and continues to the present day. The traditional 3rd-person pronoun tā (他 "he, she, it"), which is written with the "person radical", illustrates modifying significs to form new characters. In modern usage, there is a graphic distinction between tā (她 "she") with the "woman radical", tā (牠 "it") with the "animal radical", tā (它 "it") with the "roof radical", and tā (祂 "He") with the "deity radical", One consequence of modifying radicals is the fossilization of rare and obscure variant logographs, some of which are not even used in Classical Chinese. For instance, he 和 "harmony, peace", which combines the "grain radical" with the "mouth radical", has infrequent variants 咊 with the radicals reversed and 龢 with the "flute radical".

Q1: What is written in modern usage?
A1: new characters
Q2: What is one consequence of modifying radicals?
A2: fossilization
Q3: What combines "grain radical" with the "mouth radical"?
A3: "harmony, peace"
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish. Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay. Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein and are used in a variety of ways, fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.

Q1: What is the time-honored dish served for the morning meal in Burma ?
A1: Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish
Q2: What is most commonly enjoyed to eat along the coast of Myanmar ?
A2: Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities
Q3: Where is the most chicken enjoyed in Burma ?
A3: landlocked cities
Q4: What is considered as an alternative to tofu for the valuable ingredient it holds for those not living near water in BUrma?
A4: Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein
Q5: What are popular ways that fish are used in Burma ?
A5: fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

Moisture absorption occurs when the material is exposed to high humidity or water. Both the resin and the reinforcement may absorb water; water may be also soaked by capillary forces through voids in the materials and along the reinforcement. Epoxies of the FR-4 materials aren't too susceptible, with absorption of only 0.15%. Teflon has very low absorption of 0.01%. Polyimides and cyanate esters, on the other side, suffer from high water absorption. Absorbed water can lead to significant degradation of key parameters; it impairs tracking resistance, breakdown voltage, and dielectric parameters. Relative dielectric constant of water is about 73, compared to about 4 for common circuitboard materials. Absorbed moisture can also vaporize on heating and cause cracking and delamination, the same effect responsible for "popcorning" damage on wet packaging of electronic parts. Careful baking of the substrates may be required.

Q1: What will happen to the materials when a board gets wet or is in a humid area?
A1: Moisture absorption
Q2: If materials absorb moisture and then are heated enough to vaporize the water, the board might show delamination or what other type of damage?
A2: cracking
Q3: What percentage absorption do F-4 epoxies have?
A3: 0.15%
Q4: What's the approximate relative dielectric constant of most materials in circuit boards?
A4: 4
Q5: What material has an absorption rate of only 0.01%?
A5: Teflon
Title: Mammal
Topic: Natural sciences

Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. Most of these findings have been independently validated by retrotransposon presence/absence data. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals- Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria- which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous. The relationships between these three lineages is contentious, and all three possible different hypotheses have been proposed with respect to which group is basal with respect to other placentals. These hypotheses are Atlantogenata (basal Boreoeutheria), Epitheria (basal Xenarthra), and Exafroplacentalia (basal Afrotheria). Boreoeutheria in turn contains two major lineages- Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria.

Q1: Through Molecular studies, what was used to suggest new relationships among mammal families?
A1: DNA analysis
Q2: During these Molecular studies, which three major groups of mammals shared a common ancestors from the Cretaceous period?
A2: Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria
Q3: Afrotheria,Xenartha, and Boreoeutheria deprives from which two lineages?
A3: Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Molecules are moved within plants by transport processes that operate at a variety of spatial scales. Subcellular transport of ions, electrons and molecules such as water and enzymes occurs across cell membranes. Minerals and water are transported from roots to other parts of the plant in the transpiration stream. Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport and mass flow are all different ways transport can occur. Examples of elements that plants need to transport are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulphur. In vascular plants, these elements are extracted from the soil as soluble ions by the roots and transported throughout the plant in the xylem. Most of the elements required for plant nutrition come from the chemical breakdown of soil minerals. Sucrose produced by photosynthesis is transported from the leaves to other parts of the plant in the phloem and plant hormones are transported by a variety of processes.

Q1: How is water transported into plants?
A1: from roots
Q2: IN what form are mineral acquired by the roots?
A2: as soluble ions
Q3: From where does the plant get the required minerals?
A3: chemical breakdown of soil
Q4: Where is sucrose produced in a plant?
A4: the leaves
Q5: How are hormones moved around a plant?
A5: by a variety of processes
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Molecules of carbohydrates and fats consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates range from simple monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose) to complex polysaccharides (starch). Fats are triglycerides, made of assorted fatty acid monomers bound to a glycerol backbone. Some fatty acids, but not all, are essential in the diet: they cannot be synthesized in the body. Protein molecules contain nitrogen atoms in addition to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The fundamental components of protein are nitrogen-containing amino acids, some of which are essential in the sense that humans cannot make them internally. Some of the amino acids are convertible (with the expenditure of energy) to glucose and can be used for energy production, just as ordinary glucose, in a process known as gluconeogenesis. By breaking down existing protein, the carbon skeleton of the various amino acids can be metabolized to intermediates in cellular respiration; the remaining ammonia is discarded primarily as urea in urine. This occurs normally only during prolonged starvation.

Q1: Other than fats, what else consists of atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?
A1: carbohydrates
Q2: If a carbohydrate is not a simple monosaccharide, what else could it be?
A2: complex polysaccharides
Q3: What do fatty acid monomers that are bound to glycerol backbones make up?
A3: triglycerides
Q4: What characteristic about fatty acids requires them to be an essential component in a diet?
A4: cannot be synthesized in the body
Q5: Which element do the amino acids that make up the core component of protein have in common?
A5: nitrogen
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

Molotov declared in his report entitled "On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union" (31 October 1939) held on the fifth (extraordinary) session of the Supreme Soviet, that the Western "ruling circles" disguise their intentions with the pretext of defending democracy against Hitlerism, declaring "their aim in war with Germany is nothing more, nothing less than extermination of Hitlerism. [...] There is absolutely no justification for this kind of war. The ideology of Hitlerism, just like any other ideological system, can be accepted or rejected, this is a matter of political views. But everyone grasps, that an ideology can not be exterminated by force, must not be finished off with a war."

Q1: What was the title of Molotov’s report called?
A1: On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union
Q2: According to Molotov, what was the goal of the west?
A2: extermination of Hitlerism
Q3: Under what guise does the west perform their international policing?
A3: defending democracy
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

Mon, who form 2% of the population, are ethno-linguistically related to the Khmer. Overseas Indians are 2%. The remainder are Kachin, Chin, Rohingya, Anglo-Indians, Gurkha, Nepali and other ethnic minorities. Included in this group are the Anglo-Burmese. Once forming a large and influential community, the Anglo-Burmese left the country in steady streams from 1958 onwards, principally to Australia and the UK. It is estimated that 52,000 Anglo-Burmese remain in Myanmar. As of 2009[update], 110,000 Burmese refugees were living in refugee camps in Thailand.

Q1: What percentage of people in Burma are related by linguistically lines to the Khmer. 
A1: 2% of the population, are ethno-linguistically related to the Khmer
Q2: Which community previously held a persuasive authority on the Burmese population?
A2: Anglo-Burmese
Q3: When did a mass migration of the community that  previously held a persuasive authority on the Burmese population start?
A3: 1958 onwards
Q4: Where did the majority of these people end up after Burma ?
A4: principally to Australia and the UK
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Monastic reform became an important issue during the 11th century, as elites began to worry that monks were not adhering to the rules binding them to a strictly religious life. Cluny Abbey, founded in the Mâcon region of France in 909, was established as part of the Cluniac Reforms, a larger movement of monastic reform in response to this fear. Cluny quickly established a reputation for austerity and rigour. It sought to maintain a high quality of spiritual life by placing itself under the protection of the papacy and by electing its own abbot without interference from laymen, thus maintaining economic and political independence from local lords.

Q1: In what century was thought given to monastic reform?
A1: 11th
Q2: In what year was Cluny Abbey founded?
A2: 909
Q3: In what part of France was Cluny Abbey founded?
A3: Mâcon
Q4: Along with rigor, what did Cluny have a reputation for?
A4: austerity
Q5: What reforms were named for the abbey at Cluny?
A5: Cluniac Reforms
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Monastic reform inspired change in the secular church. The ideals that it was based upon were brought to the papacy by Pope Leo IX (pope 1049–1054), and provided the ideology of the clerical independence that led to the Investiture Controversy in the late 11th century. This involved Pope Gregory VII (pope 1073–85) and Emperor Henry IV, who initially clashed over episcopal appointments, a dispute that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture, clerical marriage, and simony. The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands, but the papacy insisted on the Church's independence from secular lords. These issues remained unresolved after the compromise of 1122 known as the Concordat of Worms. The dispute represents a significant stage in the creation of a papal monarchy separate from and equal to lay authorities. It also had the permanent consequence of empowering German princes at the expense of the German emperors.

Q1: During what century did the Investiture Controversy occur?
A1: 11th
Q2: When did the reign of Pope Leo IX begin?
A2: 1049
Q3: What pope was involved in the Investiture Controversy?
A3: Pope Gregory VII
Q4: In what year was the Concordat of Worms agreed to?
A4: 1122
Q5: What secular rulers did the Concordat of Worms increase the power of?
A5: German princes
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Monopole antennas consist of a single radiating element such as a metal rod, often mounted over a conducting surface, a ground plane. One side of the feedline from the receiver or transmitter is connected to the rod, and the other side to the ground plane, which may be the Earth. The most common form is the quarter-wave monopole which is one-quarter of a wavelength long and has a gain of 5.12 dBi when mounted over a ground plane. Monopoles have an omnidirectional radiation pattern, so they are used for broad coverage of an area, and have vertical polarization. The ground waves used for broadcasting at low frequencies must be vertically polarized, so large vertical monopole antennas are used for broadcasting in the MF, LF, and VLF bands. Small monopoles are used as nondirectional antennas on portable radios in the HF, VHF, and UHF bands.

Q1: Monopole antennas consist of what element?
A1: metal rod
Q2: What the most common form? 
A2: quarter-wave monopole
Q3: What are small monopoles used as?
A3: nondirectional antennas
Q4: What has vertical polarization?
A4: Monopoles
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Monotheists hold that there is only one god, and may claim that the one true god is worshiped in different religions under different names. The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism and Sikhism. In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity describes God as one God in three persons. The Trinity comprises God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and God the Holy Spirit. Islam's most fundamental concept is tawhid (meaning "oneness" or "uniqueness"). God is described in the Quran as: "Say: He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him." Muslims repudiate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and divinity of Jesus, comparing it to polytheism. In Islam, God is beyond all comprehension or equal and does not resemble any of his creations in any way. Thus, Muslims are not iconodules, and are not expected to visualize God.

Q1: What do Muslims believe that Trinitism too closely resembles?
A1: polytheism
Q2: Which belief is expected to never try and visualize God?
A2: iconodules
Q3: What is the most basic belief of the Muslim religion?
A3: tawhid
Q4: What religious text helps reinforce to Muslims that Christianity is more like polytheism?
A4: Quran
Q5: What is the meaning behind the Muslim concept of tawhid?
A5: "oneness" or "uniqueness"
Q6: What do monotheists believe?
A6: one god
Q7: What religion believes that all theist worship the same god?
A7: Hinduism and Sikhism
Q8: What is the trinity in Christianity?
A8: one God in three persons
Q9: What do Muslims think of Christianity?
A9: comparing it to polytheism
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

Monroe's style involved playing lead melodies in the style of a fiddler, and also a percussive chording sound referred to as "the chop" for the sound made by the quickly struck and muted strings. He also perfected a sparse, percussive blues style, especially up the neck in keys that had not been used much in country music, notably B and E. He emphasized a powerful, syncopated right hand at the expense of left-hand virtuosity. Monroe's most influential follower of the second generation is Frank Wakefield and nowadays Mike Compton of the Nashville Bluegrass Band and David Long, who often tour as a duet. Tiny Moore of the Texas Playboys developed an electric five-string mandolin and helped popularize the instrument in Western Swing music.

Q1: What chording sound was Monroe popular for?
A1: the chop
Q2: What keys was Monroe popular for? 
A2: B and E
Q3: Who was Monroe's most influential follower?
A3: Frank Wakefield
Q4: Who developed a electric five-string mandolin?
A4: Moore of the Texas Playboys
Q5: What type of music did the electric five-string mandolin help popularize?
A5: Western Swing music
Title: Montana
Topic: Geography and places

Montana contains thousands of named rivers and creeks, 450 miles (720 km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major watersheds (i.e. where two continental divides intersect). Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay. The watersheds divide at Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park.

Q1: How many miles of rivers are known for high class trout?
A1: 450
Q2: What Bay do rivers from Montana feed?
A2: Hudson Bay
Q3: Where do the watersheds divide at?
A3: Triple Divide Peak in Glacier National Park.
Q4: What ocean do rivers flow into from Montana?
A4: Pacific Ocean
Title: Montana
Topic: Geography and places

Montana has 56 counties with the United States Census Bureau stating Montana's contains 364 "places", broken down into 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and two cities with populations over 50,000, Missoula and Great Falls. These three communities are considered the centers of Montana's three Metropolitan Statistical Areas.

Q1: How many counties does Montana have?
A1: 56
Q2: What city in Montana has over 100,000 people?
A2: Billings
Q3: What two cities have a population over 50,000?
A3: Missoula and Great Falls