LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Thirteen thousand species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions. Alpine plants are grouped by habitat and soil type which can be limestone or non-calcerous. The habitats range from meadows, bogs, woodland (deciduous and coniferous) areas to soilless scree and moraines, and rock faces and ridges. A natural vegetation limit with altitude is given by the presence of the chief deciduous trees—oak, beech, ash and sycamore maple. These do not reach exactly to the same elevation, nor are they often found growing together; but their upper limit corresponds accurately enough to the change from a temperate to a colder climate that is further proved by a change in the presence of wild herbaceous vegetation. This limit usually lies about 1,200 m (3,940 ft) above the sea on the north side of the Alps, but on the southern slopes it often rises to 1,500 m (4,920 ft), sometimes even to 1,700 m (5,580 ft).

Q1: How many species of plants have been identified in the Alpine regions?
A1: Thirteen thousand
Q2: How are Alpine plants grouped?
A2: by habitat and soil type
Q3: Oak, beech, ash, and sycamore maple make up what group of trees?
A3: chief deciduous trees
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.

Q1: How many tribal governments are in Oklahoma?
A1: Thirty-nine
Q2: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called?
A2: reservations
Q3: What powers do tribal governments have?
A3: executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions
Q4: Who can overrule the tribal governments?
A4: the United States Congress
Q5: Who must approve tribal constitutions?
A5: the United States Congress
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides.

Q1: What is the name of the travel magazine sold by The Times?
A1: Sunday Times Travel Magazine
Q2: In what year was The Times' travel magazine first sold?
A2: 2003
Q3: How many pages is The Times' travel magazine?
A3: 164
Q4: What is the name of Britain's best-selling travel magazine?
A4: Sunday Times Travel Magazine
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

This Act clearly demarcated borders between the Crown and the Company. After this point, the Company functioned as a regularised subsidiary of the Crown, with greater accountability for its actions and reached a stable stage of expansion and consolidation. Having temporarily achieved a state of truce with the Crown, the Company continued to expand its influence to nearby territories through threats and coercive actions. By the middle of the 19th century, the Company's rule extended across most of India, Burma, Malaya, Singapore, and British Hong Kong, and a fifth of the world's population was under its trading influence. In addition, Penang, one of the states in Malaya, became the fourth most important settlement, a presidency, of the Company's Indian territories.

Q1: by the middle of the 19th century how much of the worlds population was effected by EIC and it trade?
A1: fifth
Q2: To EIC in Malaya what state  was the forth most improtant settlement?
A2: Penang
Q3: during this time the relationship change between Britian and the EIC. the EIC became more of a what to the crown??
A3: regularised subsidiary
Q4: when EIC become more like a regularised subsidiary  did they have greater or less accountability to the Crown
A4: greater accountability
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.

Q1: In what year was the Main Building at Notre Dame razed in a fire?
A1: 1879
Q2: Who was the president of Notre Dame in 1879?
A2: Rev. William Corby
Q3: On what date was the rebuilding of The Main Building begun at Notre Dame after the fire that claimed the previous?
A3: 17th of May
Q4: What was the music hall at Notre Dame called?
A4: Washington Hall
Q5: What did the Science Hall at Notre Dame come to be known as?
A5: LaFortune Student Center
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important factor in maintaining Greek identity was contact with barbarian (non-Greek) peoples, which was deepened in the new cosmopolitan environment of the multi-ethnic Hellenistic kingdoms. This led to a strong desire among Greeks to organize the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation. Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.

Q1: With the secession away from the smaller communities in the Grecian world, what living situation became of great importance ?
A1: the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state.
Q2: The kingdoms of Diadochi was comprised of what ?
A2: larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi.
Q3: How did the cites remind themselves of their beginnings ?
A3: Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors.
Q4: What did the Greeks wants to be imparted to their descendants ?
A4: the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation.
Q5: What academia was heightened during this time of Hellenism ?
A5: Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

This allowed any English firm to trade with India, unless specifically prohibited by act of parliament, thereby annulling the charter that had been in force for almost 100 years. By an act that was passed in 1698, a new "parallel" East India Company (officially titled the English Company Trading to the East Indies) was floated under a state-backed indemnity of £2 million. The powerful stockholders of the old company quickly subscribed a sum of £315,000 in the new concern, and dominated the new body. The two companies wrestled with each other for some time, both in England and in India, for a dominant share of the trade.

Q1: enlish firms were allow to trade with  India unless?
A1: prohibited by act of parliament
Q2: what was the name of the  second East india company that ended up runnig parallel to the first?
A2: English Company Trading to the East Indies
Q3: The two parallel East India company  had a power stuggle in both  England and?
A3: India
Q4: In what  year was the Act passed the made a parallel East India company?
A4: 1698
Q5: The stock holder of the Original East India  company rasied how much money  to  try and deal with the parallel East India Company?
A5: £315,000
Title: Strasbourg
Topic: Geography and places

This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 was not applied in Strasbourg and in Alsace, because both had a special status as a province à l'instar de l'étranger effectif (a kind of foreign province of the king of France). Strasbourg Cathedral, however, was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could (some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands). Its language also remained overwhelmingly German: the German Lutheran university persisted until the French Revolution. Famous students included Goethe and Herder.

Q1: What was one of the causes of the War of the Reunions? 
A1: annexation
Q2: When was the French annexation recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick?
A2: 1697
Q3: What church was taken from the Lutherans and returned to the Catholics?
A3: Strasbourg Cathedral
Q4: Who were the famous students that attended German Lutheran University?
A4: Goethe and Herder
Title: Gymnastics
Topic: Sports and recreation

This apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine. At the ends (to the exclusion of all other parts of the rope) an anti-slip material, either coloured or neutral may cover a maximum of 10 cm (3.94 in). The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center provided that this thickening is of the same material as the rope. The fundamental requirements of a rope routine include leaps and skipping. Other elements include swings, throws, circles, rotations and figures of eight. In 2011, the FIG decided to nullify the use of rope in rhythmic gymnastic competitions.

Q1: What is the rope made out of that the gymnists uses in their routine?
A1: hemp or a synthetic material
Q2: How long is the rope?
A2: Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast
Q3: What are at the ends of the ropes to help the gymnists hold it?
A3: One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine.
Q4: What other requirement is there for the rope?
A4: The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center
Q5: When did FIG decide to nullify the use of ropes in competition?
A5: 2011
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

This article compares the properties of brains across the entire range of animal species, with the greatest attention to vertebrates. It deals with the human brain insofar as it shares the properties of other brains. The ways in which the human brain differs from other brains are covered in the human brain article. Several topics that might be covered here are instead covered there because much more can be said about them in a human context. The most important is brain disease and the effects of brain damage, covered in the human brain article because the most common diseases of the human brain either do not show up in other species, or else manifest themselves in different ways.

Q1: Animals with a spine are called what?
A1: vertebrates
Title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan
Topic: Geography and places

This article covers numbered east-west streets in Manhattan, New York City. Major streets have their own linked articles; minor streets are discussed here. The streets do not run exactly east–west, because the grid plan is aligned with the Hudson River rather than with the cardinal directions. "West" is approximately 29 degrees north of true west.

Q1: What is the grid plan aligned with rather than the cardinal directions?
A1: Hudson River
Q2: In this article, how many degrees north of true west is "West?"
A2: 29
Q3: Does this article cover east-west or north-south streets?
A3: east-west
Q4: Which streets have their own linked articles?
A4: Major streets
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

This boom in innovative financial products went hand in hand with more complexity. It multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage (including mortgage brokers, specialized originators, the securitizers and their due diligence firms, managing agents and trading desks, and finally investors, insurances and providers of repo funding). With increasing distance from the underlying asset these actors relied more and more on indirect information (including FICO scores on creditworthiness, appraisals and due diligence checks by third party organizations, and most importantly the computer models of rating agencies and risk management desks). Instead of spreading risk this provided the ground for fraudulent acts, misjudgments and finally market collapse. In 2005 a group of computer scientists built a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies, which turned out to be adequate to what actually happened in 2006–2008.[citation needed]

Q1: Which products created more complexity in the financial markets?
A1: innovative financial products
Q2: What effect did the introduction of innovative financial products have on a single mortgage?
A2: multiplied the number of actors connected
Q3: What did institutions rely more on as increasing distance from underlying assets occurred?
A3: indirect information
Q4: What is a type of indirect information that financial institutions and investors used to judge the risk?
A4: computer models of rating agencies
Q5: In what year did a group of computer scientists build a model for ratings produced by rating agencies that turned out to be accurate for what happened in 2006-2008?
A5: 2005
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

This boom was reflected in the growth of artistic and cultural pursuits. Some of the most emblematic buildings of the city were built during this period, including the Serranos Towers (1392), the Lonja (1482), the Miguelete and the Chapel of the Kings of the Convent of Santo Domingo. In painting and sculpture, Flemish and Italian trends had an influence on artists such as Lluís Dalmau, Peris Gonçal and Damià Forment. Literature flourished with the patronage of the court of Alfonso the Magnanimous, supporting authors like Ausiàs March, Roiç de Corella, and Isabel de Villena. By 1460 Joanot Martorell wrote Tirant lo Blanch, an innovative novel of chivalry that influenced many later writers, from Cervantes to Shakespeare. Ausiàs March was one of the first poets to use the everyday language Valencian, instead of the troubadour language, Occitan. Also around this time, between 1499 and 1502, the University of Valencia was founded under the parsimonious name of Estudio General ("studium generale", place of general studies).

Q1: When were the Serranos Towers constructed?
A1: 1392
Q2: What influential novel did Joanot Martorell write?
A2: Tirant lo Blanch
Q3: Who was an early poet to use Valencian?
A3: Ausiàs March
Q4: When was the University of Valencia founded?
A4: between 1499 and 1502
Q5: What was the University of Valencia's original name?
A5: Estudio General
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

This branch of Protestantism is distinguished by belief in the baptism with the Holy Spirit as an experience separate from conversion that enables a Christian to live a Holy Spirit–filled and empowered life. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the early church. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement.

Q1: Give two examples of spiritual gifts.
A1: speaking in tongues and divine healing
Q2: What are other terms used to describe Pentecostalism?
A2: Apostolic or Full Gospel
Q3: Pentecostals liken their teachings to those of what age?
A3: Apostolic
Q4: Pentecostals believe in baptism with what entity?
A4: the Holy Spirit
Q5: What three things are Pentecostals committed to?
A5: biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other:[citation needed] In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship. In fact, Italian and French share many more root words in common that do not even appear in Spanish.

Q1: Italian is significantly mutually comprehensible with what other Romance language?
A1: Spanish
Q2: With what romance language does Spanish not have a high degree of mutual comprehensibility?
A2: French
Q3: What is the reason for French and Italian not being very mutually comprehensible?
A3: French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the English Great Vowel Shift, and the diphthongisation of long high vowels in Modern High German, which centuries earlier reached the state now found in Polder Dutch. Stroop theorizes that the lowering of open-mid to open diphthongs is a phonetically "natural" and inevitable development and that Dutch, after having diphthongised the long high vowels like German and English, "should" have lowered the diphthongs like German and English as well.

Q1: What linguistic event in English could we parallel with the Dutch lowering of diphthongs?
A1: English Great Vowel Shift
Q2: In what decade did the Dutch diphthong lowering occur?
A2: 1970s
Q3: The lowering of diphthongs is intriguing partly because it's associated with what single gender?
A3: women
Q4: What researcher posited that the lowering of diphthongs is "natural"?
A4: Stroop
Q5: Which language, in addition to German, did Stroop use to compare Dutch with when stating that the diphthongs "should" have lowered?
A5: English
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

This changed with the recent sovereign-debt crisis. The ECB always could, and through the late summer of 2011 did, purchase bonds issued by the weaker states even though it assumes, in doing so, the risk of a deteriorating balance sheet. ECB buying focused primarily on Spanish and Italian debt. Certain techniques can minimise the impact. Purchases of Italian bonds by the central bank, for example, were intended to dampen international speculation and strengthen portfolios in the private sector and also the central bank.

Q1: What debt did the ECB focus on abtaining?
A1: Spanish and Italian
Q2: What risk is assumed when the ECB purchases bonds from weaker states?
A2: a deteriorating balance sheet
Q3: Why were italian bonds purchased by the ECB?
A3: intended to dampen international speculation and strengthen portfolios in the private sector and also the central bank
Q4: What was something used to minimize the impact of the soverign-debt crisis?
A4: Purchases of Italian bonds by the central bank
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

This clash of opinions has sparked much controversy. For example, during the drafting of the European Constitution in 2004, the Spanish government supplied the EU with translations of the text into Basque, Galician, Catalan, and Valencian, but the latter two were identical.

Q1: What has produced a great deal of controversy?
A1: clash of opinions
Q2: When did the EU create the European Constitution?
A2: 2004
Q3: Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution?
A3: Spanish government
Title: 51st_state
Topic: Language and literature

This constitution was created when the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution in 1951. The acceptance of that constitution by Puerto Rico's electorate, the U.S. Congress, and the U.S. president occurred in 1952. In addition, the rights, privileges and immunities attendant to United States citizens are "respected in Puerto Rico to the same extent as though Puerto Rico were a state of the union" through the express extension of the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the U.S. Constitution by the U.S. Congress in 1948.

Q1: How was the Puerto Rican constitution brought about?
A1: the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution
Q2: When was the Puerto Rican constitution written?
A2: 1951
Q3: When was the constitution accepted by the electorate, U.S. Congress, and U.S. President?
A3: 1952
Q4: What clause gives Puerto Rican citizens the same rights as US citizens?
A4: Privileges and Immunities Clause
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature.

Q1: What is the term for the head of China's government?
A1: Premier of the State Council
Q2: What is another name for the Republic of China?
A2: Taiwan
Q3: Whose consent is not required for the Taiwanese premier to take office?
A3: legislature
Title: Pitch_(music)
Topic: Music

This creates a linear pitch space in which octaves have size 12, semitones (the distance between adjacent keys on the piano keyboard) have size 1, and A440 is assigned the number 69. (See Frequencies of notes.) Distance in this space corresponds to musical intervals as understood by musicians. An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into 100 cents. The system is flexible enough to include "microtones" not found on standard piano keyboards. For example, the pitch halfway between C (60) and C♯ (61) can be labeled 60.5.

Q1: Octaves in linear pitch are what size?
A1: 12
Q2: Semitones in linear pitch are what size?
A2: 1
Q3: A440 in linear pitch are what size?
A3: 69
Q4: An equal-tempered semitone is subdivided into how many cents?
A4: 100
Q5: The pitch halfway between C (60) and C♯ (61) is labeled what?
A5: 60.5
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.

Q1: What brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse?
A1: credit freeze
Q2: How much government debt and troubled private assets did central banks purchase during the last quarter of 2008?
A2: US$2.5 trillion
Q3: How much preferred stock did governments of European nations and the USA purchase in their major banks?
A3: $1.5 trillion
Q4: In October 2010, who was the Nobel laureate that explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was creating currency to combat the liquidity trap?
A4: Joseph Stiglitz
Q5: What did the banks chose to do with the money created by the Federal Reserve instead of financing more domestic loans and refinancing mortgages?
A5: investing internationally in emerging markets
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

This dissociation aims to make the early steps (offering, promising, requesting an advantage) of a corrupt deal already an offence and, thus, to give a clear signal (from a criminal-policy point-of-view) that bribery is not acceptable.[citation needed] Furthermore, such a dissociation makes the prosecution of bribery offences easier since it can be very difficult to prove that two parties (the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker) have formally agreed upon a corrupt deal. In addition, there is often no such formal deal but only a mutual understanding, for instance when it is common knowledge in a municipality that to obtain a building permit one has to pay a "fee" to the decision maker to obtain a favorable decision. A working definition of corruption is also provided as follows in article 3 of the Civil Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 174): For the purpose of this Convention, "corruption" means requesting, offering, giving or accepting, directly or indirectly, a bribe or any other undue advantage or prospect thereof, which distorts the proper performance of any duty or behavior required of the recipient of the bribe, the undue advantage or the prospect thereof.

Q1: In some countries there is no formal deal but what that makes prosecuting bribes difficult?
A1: mutual understanding
Q2: A bribe can include requesting, offering, giving or what of favors or money?
A2: accepting
Q3: Bribes can be direct or what?
A3: indirect
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

This does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was known to overrule her husband's decisions at times and Yodo-dono, his concubine, became the de facto master of Osaka castle and the Toyotomi clan after Hideyoshi's death. Tachibana Ginchiyo was chosen to lead the Tachibana clan after her father's death. Chiyo, wife of Yamauchi Kazutoyo, has long been considered the ideal samurai wife. According to legend, she made her kimono out of a quilted patchwork of bits of old cloth and saved pennies to buy her husband a magnificent horse, on which he rode to many victories. The fact that Chiyo (though she is better known as "Wife of Yamauchi Kazutoyo") is held in such high esteem for her economic sense is illuminating in the light of the fact that she never produced an heir and the Yamauchi clan was succeeded by Kazutoyo's younger brother. The source of power for women may have been that samurai left their finances to their wives.

Q1: Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa?
A1: 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate
Q2: Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa's wife?
A2: Hino Tomiko
Q3: Why did Ashikaga let his wife take over?
A3: lost interest in politics
Q4: Who was Nene?
A4: wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Q5: Who was Yodo-dono the concubine of?
A5: Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

This effectively means that populations of organisms must have reached a certain measurable level of difference to be recognised as subspecies. Dean Amadon proposed in 1949 that subspecies would be defined according to the seventy-five percent rule which means that 75% of a population must lie outside 99% of the range of other populations for a given defining morphological character or a set of characters. The seventy-five percent rule still has defenders but other scholars argue that it should be replaced with ninety or ninety-five percent rule.

Q1: What must organisms have a measurable level of to be seen as a subspecies?
A1: difference
Q2: Who proposed subspecies be defined by the seventy-five percent rule?
A2: Dean Amadon
Q3: What year did Dean Amadon make his proposal?
A3: 1949
Q4: The 75% rule states how much of a population must lie outside the range of other populations for a defining set of characters?
A4: 99%
Q5: Many scholars argue what should be replaced with a ninety or ninety-five percent rule?
A5: The seventy-five percent rule
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

This eventually led to LBJ's Civil Rights Act, which came shortly after President Kennedy's assassination. This document was more holistic than any President Kennedy had offered, and therefore more controversial. It aimed not only to integrate public facilities, but also private businesses that sold to the public, such as motels, restaurants, theaters, and gas stations. Public schools, hospitals, libraries, parks, among other things, were included in the bill as well. It also worked with JFK's executive order 11114 by prohibiting discrimination in the awarding of federal contracts and holding the authority of the government to deny contracts to businesses who discriminate. Maybe most significant of all, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act aimed to end discrimination in all firms with 25 or more employees. Another provision established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission as the agency charged with ending discrimination in the nation's workplace.:74

Q1: Which piece of legislation quickly followed President Kennedy's assassination?
A1: Civil Rights Act
Q2: Outside of the private business regulations, what was the other aim of the Civil Rights Act?
A2: integrate public facilities
Q3: Which other Executive Order did the Civil Right's Act work closely with?
A3: 11114
Q4: What was the purpose of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act?
A4: to end discrimination in all firms with 25 or more employees
Q5: What was the goal of the Equal Employment Opportunity C omission?
A5: ending discrimination in the nation's workplace
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

This first list is referred to as the "Class of '67" in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty, Volume 1, which concludes that habitat destruction, the biggest threat to those 78 species, is still the same threat to the currently listed species. It included only vertebrates because the Department of Interior's definition of "fish and wildlife" was limited to vertebrates. However, with time, researchers noticed that the animals on the endangered species list still were not getting enough protection, thus further threatening their extinction. The endangered species program was expanded by the Endangered Species Act of 1969.

Q1: What is the nickname given to the first listing of endangered species?
A1: "Class of '67"
Q2: What was concluded to be the biggest threat to the listed species?
A2: habitat destruction
Q3: How was the first listing limited in what species were listed?
A3: It included only vertebrates
Q4: How did being listed initially impact species?
A4: the animals on the endangered species list still were not getting enough protection, thus further threatening their extinction
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

This flexibility allows Catalan to use extraposition extensively, much more than French or Spanish. Thus, Catalan can have m'hi recomanaren ("they recommended me to him"), whereas in French one must say ils m'ont recommandé à lui, and Spanish me recomendaron a él. This allows the placement of almost any nominal term as a sentence topic, without having to use so often the passive voice (as in French or English), or identifying the direct object with a preposition (as in Spanish).

Q1: What languages use extrapositioning in sentences less than Catalan? 
A1: French or Spanish
Q2: What do you not need to use in Catalan?
A2: passive voice
Q3: What languages use the passive voice more than Catalan?
A3: French or English
Q4: What method does Spanish use to identify the object?
A4: preposition
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody Blues). Generally, Hot AC radio stations target their music output towards the 18-54 age group and a demographic audience of both men and women.

Q1: Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue are artists in what genre of music?
A1: dance-pop
Q2: What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife?
A2: boybands
Q3: What genre of music is played by Westlife?
A3: power pops
Q4: What genre of music is played by The Eagles?
A4: soft rock
Q5: What is the target age range of Hot AC stations?
A5: 18-54
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions to this (such as military rule of Sicily after the First Punic War), it was not until after the Second Punic War that these alliances started to harden into something more like an empire, at least in certain locations. This shift mainly took place in parts of the west, such as the southern Italian towns that sided with Hannibal.

Q1: After what war did the alliances start to solidify?
A1: Second Punic War
Q2: What helped Rome move closer to a confrontation with several other major powers in the area?
A2: This growing coalition
Q3: What towns had chosen Hannibal's side?
A3: southern Italian
Q4: What did city-states hope to gain from the Roman confederacy?
A4: membership (and protection)
Title: Computer_security
Topic: Engineering and technology

This has led to new terms such as cyberwarfare and cyberterrorism. More and more critical infrastructure is being controlled via computer programs that, while increasing efficiency, exposes new vulnerabilities. The test will be to see if governments and corporations that control critical systems such as energy, communications and other information will be able to prevent attacks before they occur. As Jay Cross, the chief scientist of the Internet Time Group, remarked, "Connectedness begets vulnerability."

Q1: Who said "Connectedness begets vulnerability?"
A1: Jay Cross
Q2: What organization does Jay Cross belong to?
A2: the Internet Time Group
Q3: What is the advantage of more critical infrastructure being controlled via computer programs?
A3: increasing efficiency
Q4: What is the disadvantage of more critical infrastructure being controlled via computer programs?
A4: exposes new vulnerabilities
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

This has led to public discussions if Greece, Portugal, and even Italy would be better off leaving the eurozone to regain economical and financial stability if they would not implement reforms to strengthen their competitiveness as part of the eurozone in time. Greece had the greatest need for reforms but also most problems to implement those, so the Greek exit, also called "Grexit", has been widely discussed. Germany, as a large and financially stable state being in the focus to be asked to guarantee or repay other states debt, has never pushed those exits. Their position is to keep Greece within the eurozone, but not at any cost. If the worst comes to the worst, priority should be given to the euro's stability.

Q1: What term was coined when Greece left the eurozone?
A1: Grexit
Q2: What is Germany's position on wether or not Greece should be in the eurozone?
A2: If the worst comes to the worst, priority should be given to the euro's stability.
Q3: As one of the financial powers, has Germany ever tried to force the crisis states into leaving the eurozone?
A3: never pushed those exits
Q4: Which eurozone country has the biggest need for financial reform?
A4: Greece
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

This idea was later developed in ancient philosophy by the Stoic school. Stoic epistemology generally emphasized that the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it. The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as "When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of his soul like a sheet of paper ready for writing upon." Later stoics, such as Sextus of Chaeronea, would continue this idea of empiricism in later Stoic writings as well. As Sextus contends "For every thought comes from sense-perception or not without sense-perception and either from direct experience or not without direct experience" (Against the Professors, 8.56-8).

Q1: What is the Stoic view?
A1: the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it
Q2: What was Aetius's career?
A2: doxographer
Q3: Where was Sextus from?
A3: Chaeronea
Q4: Who wrote 'Against the Professors'?
A4: Sextus
Q5: Whose ideas did Sextus build on?
A5: Aetius
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Gradually, new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated, with Angola and Mozambique, as the largest and richest overseas territories, being the main targets of those initiatives. These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire.

Q1: Who led the Estado Novo?
A1: António de Oliveira Salazar
Q2: In what year was the Estado Novo established?
A2: 1933
Q3: How many European countries remained neutral throughout World War II?
A3: five
Q4: What action affirmed Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation?
A4: relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa
Title: Liberia
Topic: History

This influx was compounded by the decline of the Western Sudanic Mali Empire in 1375 and the Songhai Empire in 1591. Additionally, as inland regions underwent desertification, inhabitants moved to the wetter coast. These new inhabitants brought skills such as cotton spinning, cloth weaving, iron smelting, rice and sorghum cultivation, and social and political institutions from the Mali and Songhai empires. Shortly after the Mane conquered the region, the Vai people of the former Mali Empire immigrated into the Grand Cape Mount region. The ethnic Kru opposed the influx of Vai, forming an alliance with the Mane to stop further influx of Vai.[citation needed]

Q1: What empire was o the decline on 1375?
A1: Western Sudanic Mali Empire
Q2: What happened when regions underwent desertification?
A2: inhabitants moved to the wetter coast
Q3: Where did the people of the Mali empire immigrate to?
A3: the Grand Cape Mount region.
Q4: Who opposed the influx of vai forming an alliance with maine?
A4: The ethnic Kru
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and behaviors. This theoretical frame also emphasizes time in that human beings experience what they call emotion episodes— a "series of emotional states extended over time and organized around an underlying theme." This theory has been utilized by numerous researchers to better understand emotion from a communicative lens, and was reviewed further by Howard M. Weiss and Daniel J. Beal in their article, "Reflections on Affective Events Theory", published in Research on Emotion in Organizations in 2005.

Q1: Along with Cropanzano, who developed a communication-based theory of emotional experience?
A1: Howard M. Weiss
Q2: When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work?
A2: 1996
Q3: What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano pay particular attention to?
A3: work
Q4: Who did Beal write "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" with?
A4: Howard M. Weiss
Q5: Where was "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" published?
A5: Research on Emotion in Organizations
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

This is a consequence of Lorentz reciprocity. For an antenna element  not connected to anything (open circuited) one can write . But for an element  which is short circuited, a current is generated across that short but no voltage is allowed, so the corresponding . This is the case, for instance, with the so-called parasitic elements of a Yagi-Uda antenna where the solid rod can be viewed as a dipole antenna shorted across its feedpoint. Parasitic elements are unpowered elements that absorb and reradiate RF energy according to the induced current calculated using such a system of equations.

Q1: a antenna element not connected to anything is circuited how?
A1: open circuited
Q2: When is the element not allowed voltage?
A2: short circuited
Q3: What element absorbs and reradiate RF-energy?
A3: Parasitic
Q4: What antenna can the solid rod be viewed as a dipole antenna?
A4: Yagi-Uda
Q5: Where can this solid rod be viewed?
A5: feedpoint
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

This is a socio-economic bloc of nations in or near the Caribbean Sea. Other outlying member states include the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Republic of Suriname in South America, along with Belize in Central America. The Turks and Caicos Islands, an associate member of CARICOM, and the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, a full member of CARICOM, are in the Atlantic, but near to the Caribbean. Other nearby nations or territories, such as the United States, are not members (although the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has observer status, and the United States Virgin Islands announced in 2007 they would seek ties with CARICOM). Bermuda, at roughly a thousand miles from the Caribbean Sea, has little trade with, and little economically in common with, the region, and joined primarily to strengthen cultural links.

Q1: Who has "observer status" to CARICOM?
A1: US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Q2: What did the Virgin Islands announce in 2007?
A2: they would seek ties with CARICOM
Q3: Why did Bermuda join CARICOM?
A3: primarily to strengthen cultural links.
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

This is fortunate, since antennas at lower frequencies which are not rather large (a good fraction of a wavelength in size) are inevitably inefficient (due to the small radiation resistance Rr of small antennas). Most AM broadcast radios (except for car radios) take advantage of this principle by including a small loop antenna for reception which has an extremely poor efficiency. Using such an inefficient antenna at this low frequency (530–1650 kHz) thus has little effect on the receiver's net performance, but simply requires greater amplification by the receiver's electronics. Contrast this tiny component to the massive and very tall towers used at AM broadcast stations for transmitting at the very same frequency, where every percentage point of reduced antenna efficiency entails a substantial cost.

Q1: Small and minimal frequency antennas are know to be what?
A1: inefficient
Q2: What is added to to increase ability for reception?
A2: small loop antenna
Q3: How would this antenna rate in the greater scheme of things?
A3: little effect
Q4: When talking about much larger network what effect can reduced antenna effectiveness have?
A4: substantial cost
Title: Edmund_Burke
Topic: History

This is held to be the first explanation of the modern concept of totalitarian state. Burke regarded the war with France as ideological, against an "armed doctrine". He wished that France would not be partitioned due to the effect this would have on the balance of power in Europe, and that the war was not against France, but against the revolutionaries governing her. Burke said: "It is not France extending a foreign empire over other nations: it is a sect aiming at universal empire, and beginning with the conquest of France".

Q1: What did Burke think the war with France was against?
A1: an "armed doctrine"
Q2: Burke hoped which country wouldn't be partitioned?
A2: France
Q3: What kind of empire did Burke think the French revolutionaries wanted?
A3: universal
Q4: Who did Burke think the war was against, rather than France as a whole?
A4: the revolutionaries governing her