LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

The Richmond Times-Dispatch, the local daily newspaper in Richmond with a Sunday circulation of 120,000, is owned by BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway company. Style Weekly is a standard weekly publication covering popular culture, arts, and entertainment, owned by Landmark Communications. RVA Magazine is the city's only independent art music and culture publication, was once monthly, but is now issued quarterly. The Richmond Free Press and the Voice cover the news from an African-American perspective.

Q1: What company owns the company that owns the Richmond Times-Dispatch?
A1: Berkshire Hathaway
Q2: How many people buy the Richmond Times-Dispatch on Sunday?
A2: 120,000
Q3: What newspaper is published by Landmark Communications?
A3: Style Weekly
Q4: Before switching to its current publication schedule, how often was RVA Magazine published?
A4: monthly
Q5: Along with the Voice, what is Richmond's black-oriented news publication?
A5: Richmond Free Press
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.

Q1: What station services all southern rail traffic passing through Richmond?
A1: Staples Mill Road Station
Q2: What is the name of the railroad station inside Richmond proper?
A2: Main Street Station
Q3: In what year was Richmond's railroad station renovated?
A3: 2004
Q4: Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?
A4: Newport News
Q5: Why does the Main Street Station only receive rail traffic from Newport News and Williamsburg?
A5: track layout
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School of Christian Education (private), and the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond (BTSR—private). Several community colleges are found in the metro area, including J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College and John Tyler Community College (Chesterfield County). In addition, there are several Technical Colleges in Richmond including ITT Technical Institute, ECPI College of Technology and Centura College. There are several vocational colleges also, such as Fortis College and Bryant Stratton College.

Q1: What type of university is the University of Richmond?
A1: private
Q2: What is a for-profit university in Richmond?
A2: South University - Richmond
Q3: What does BTSR stand for?
A3: Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond
Q4: Where is John Tyler Community College located?
A4: Chesterfield County
Q5: What is Richmond's public university?
A5: Virginia Commonwealth
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

The Richmond metro area is served by many local television and radio stations. As of 2010[update], the Richmond-Petersburg designated market area (DMA) is the 58th largest in the U.S. with 553,950 homes according to Nielsen Market Research. The major network television affiliates are WTVR-TV 6 (CBS), WRIC-TV 8 (ABC), WWBT 12 (NBC), WRLH-TV 35 (Fox), and WUPV 65 (CW). Public Broadcasting Service stations include WCVE-TV 23 and WCVW 57. There are also a wide variety of radio stations in the Richmond area, catering to many different interests, including news, talk radio, and sports, as well as an eclectic mix of musical interests.

Q1: Per Nielsen, how many homes exist in the Richmond-Petersburg DMA?
A1: 553,950
Q2: Where does the Richmind-Petersburg DMA rank in the United States?
A2: 58th
Q3: With what network is WUPV 65 affiliated?
A3: CW
Q4: What type of channel is WCVW 57?
A4: Public Broadcasting
Q5: What Richmond-area station is affiliated with CBS?
A5: WTVR-TV 6
Title: Chicago_Cubs
Topic: Sports and recreation

The Ricketts family acquired a majority interest in the Cubs in 2009, ending the Tribune years. Apparently handcuffed by the Tribune's bankruptcy and the sale of the club to the Ricketts family, the Cubs' quest for a NL Central 3-peat started with notice that there would be less invested into contracts than in previous years. Chicago engaged St. Louis in a see-saw battle for first place into August 2009, but the Cardinals played to a torrid 20–6 pace that month, designating their rivals to battle in the Wild Card race, from which they were eliminated in the season's final week. The Cubs were plagued by injuries in 2009, and were only able to field their Opening Day starting lineup three times the entire season. Third baseman Aramis Ramírez injured his throwing shoulder in an early May game against the Milwaukee Brewers, sidelining him until early July and forcing journeyman players like Mike Fontenot and Aaron Miles into more prominent roles. Additionally, key players like Derrek Lee (who still managed to hit .306 with 35 HR and 111 RBI that season), Alfonso Soriano and Geovany Soto also nursed nagging injuries. The Cubs posted a winning record (83–78) for the third consecutive season, the first time the club had done so since 1972, and a new era of ownership under the Ricketts' family was approved by MLB owners in early October.

Q1: When did the Ricketts family acquire a majority interest in the Cubs?
A1: 2009
Q2: Who did Chicago engage in a see-saw battle for first place into August 2009?
A2: St. Louis
Q3: What plagued the Cubs in 2009?
A3: injuries
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state, including the President of the Republic. In addition to that, the Riigikogu appoints, on the proposal of the President of Estonia, the Chairman of the National Court, the chairman of the board of the Bank of Estonia, the Auditor General, the Legal Chancellor and the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces. A member of the Riigikogu has the right to demand explanations from the Government of the Republic and its members. This enables the members of the parliament to observe the activities of the executive power and the above-mentioned high officials of the state.

Q1: Who chooses high state officials of Estonia?
A1: The Riigikogu
Q2: Who does the government have to explain their actions to?
A2: the Riigikogu
Q3: What can the Riigikogu monitor for abuse of influence?
A3: activities of the executive power
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

The River Plym, which flows off Dartmoor to the north-east, forms a smaller estuary to the east of the city called Cattewater. Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814. In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cliffs. The Unitary Authority of Plymouth is 79.84 square kilometres (30.83 sq mi). The topography rises from sea level to a height, at Roborough, of about 509 feet (155 m) above Ordnance Datum (AOD).

Q1: What estuary east of Plymouth is part of the River Plym?
A1: Cattewater
Q2: When did the Plymouth Breakwater open?
A2: 1814
Q3: What island is present in Plymouth Sound?
A3: Drake's Island
Q4: How large is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth in square miles?
A4: 30.83
Q5: In meters, what is the highest point in the Plymouth Unitary Authority?
A5: 155
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

The River Test runs along the western border of the city, separating it from the New Forest. There are bridges over the Test from Southampton, including the road and rail bridges at Redbridge in the south and the M27 motorway to the north. The River Itchen runs through the middle of the city and is bridged in several places. The northernmost bridge, and the first to be built, is at Mansbridge, where the A27 road crosses the Itchen. The original bridge is closed to road traffic, but is still standing and open to pedestrians and cyclists. The river is bridged again at Swaythling, where Woodmill Bridge separates the tidal and non tidal sections of the river. Further south is Cobden Bridge which is notable as it was opened as a free bridge (it was originally named the Cobden Free Bridge), and was never a toll bridge. Downstream of the Cobden Bridge is the Northam Railway Bridge, then the Northam Road Bridge, which was the first major pre-stressed concrete bridge to be constructed in the United Kingdom. The southernmost, and newest, bridge on the Itchen is the Itchen Bridge, which is a toll bridge.

Q1: Along which border of Southampton does the River Test run?
A1: western
Q2: What forest is on the opposite bank of the River Test from Southampton?
A2: New Forest
Q3: What motorway crosses the River Test to the North?
A3: the M27
Q4: Where was the first bridge built across the River Itchen?
A4: Mansbridge
Q5: What bridge at Swaythling crosses at the point between the tidal and non-tidal sections of the River Itchen?
A5: Woodmill Bridge
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide "conclusive evidence" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as "among the world's least wanted" and "one of the world's most persecuted minorities." But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.

Q1: What section of the Burmese population is routinely discriminated against ?
A1: The Rohingya people
Q2: When was the citizenship laws placed into effect in Burma ?
A2: 1982
Q3: How does one become a full citizen in Burma ?
A3: Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races
Q4: What races are considered for full citizenship in Burma?
A4: national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee
Q5: What happens if one is not able to prove ancestral claim on full citizenship ?
A5: Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823
Q6: When did the Rohingya lose citizenship rights in Burma?
A6: the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law
Q7: How is the decision made on who gets full citizenship rights in Burma?
A7: Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races
Q8: What races are considered to be the of the the national races in Burma ? 
A8: national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee.
Q9: How can one prove their race in Burma ?
A9: prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823
Q10: How many of the  Rohingya people have new changes in citizenship caused to become refugees ? 
A10: expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma,
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

The Roland Levinsky building, the landmark building of the University of Plymouth, is located in the city's central quarter. Designed by leading architect Henning Larsen, the building was opened in 2008 and houses the University's Arts faculty. It has been consistently considered one of the UK's most beautiful university buildings.

Q1: Who designed the Roland Levinsky building?
A1: Henning Larsen
Q2: When did the Roland Levinsky building open?
A2: 2008
Q3: Of what university is the Roland Levinsky building a part?
A3: University of Plymouth
Q4: What academic discipline at the university is based in the Roland Levinsky building?
A4: Arts
Q5: What part of Plymouth is the Roland Levinsky building situated in?
A5: the city's central quarter
Title: Canon_law
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:

Q1: What is another name for the collections of other Catholic churches led by the Supreme Pontiff?
A1: rites
Q2: How many major rites exist?
A2: five
Q3: Who is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church?
A3: the Supreme Pontiff
Q4: What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?
A4: full union
Q5: Which denomination is led by the Supreme Pontiff?
A5: Roman Catholic
Title: Pope_John_XXIII
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast day not on the date of his death, June 3, as is usual, nor even on the day of his papal inauguration (as is sometimes done with Popes who are Saints, such as with John Paul II) but on 11 October, the day of the first session of the Second Vatican Council. This is understandable, since he was the one who had had the idea for it and had convened it. On Thursday, 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days, in response to global requests. He is commemorated on the date of his death, 3 June, by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on the following day, 4 June, by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church (United States).

Q1: When is his feast day celebrated?
A1: 11 October
Q2: What is October 11?
A2: the day of the first session of the Second Vatican Council
Q3: When did Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days?
A3: 11 September 2014
Q4: Where did Pope Francis commemorate his death on 3 June?
A4: by the Evangelical Lutheran Church
Q5: Where did Pope Francis commemorate his death on 4 June?
A5: by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church (United States)
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city. Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.

Q1: Some of the oldest private schools in Charleston date back how long?
A1: 150 years
Q2: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools?
A2: K-8 parochial schools
Q3: How old are some of Charleston's private school?
A3: 150 years
Q4: Which school is Charleston's diocesan high school?
A4: Bishop England High School
Q5: Which organization oversees several K-8 Parochial Schools?
A5: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education
Q6: Bishop England High school , Porter-Gaud School and a what other school is among Charleston's most prominent private schools?
A6: Ashley Hall
Title: Southern_Europe
Topic: Geography and places

The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.

Q1: Where was the headquarters of the Western Roman Empire?
A1: Rome
Q2: Where was the headquarters of the Eastern Roman Empire?
A2: Constantinople
Q3: Which tribes brought down the Western Roman Empire?
A3: Germanic
Q4: What year is considered the transition between the classical period and the Middle Ages?
A4: AD 476
Q5: By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections?
A5: 300 AD
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

The Roman Empire expanded to include different peoples and cultures; in principle, Rome followed the same inclusionist policies that had recognised Latin, Etruscan and other Italian peoples, cults and deities as Roman. Those who acknowledged Rome's hegemony retained their own cult and religious calendars, independent of Roman religious law. Newly municipal Sabratha built a Capitolium near its existing temple to Liber Pater and Serapis. Autonomy and concord were official policy, but new foundations by Roman citizens or their Romanised allies were likely to follow Roman cultic models. Romanisation offered distinct political and practical advantages, especially to local elites. All the known effigies from the 2nd century AD forum at Cuicul are of emperors or Concordia. By the middle of the 1st century AD, Gaulish Vertault seems to have abandoned its native cultic sacrifice of horses and dogs in favour of a newly established, Romanised cult nearby: by the end of that century, Sabratha’s so-called tophet was no longer in use. Colonial and later Imperial provincial dedications to Rome's Capitoline Triad were a logical choice, not a centralised legal requirement. Major cult centres to "non-Roman" deities continued to prosper: notable examples include the magnificent Alexandrian Serapium, the temple of Aesculapeus at Pergamum and Apollo's sacred wood at Antioch.

Q1: From what were countries in the empire free?
A1: Roman religious law
Q2: What were Rome's policies in regards to foreign peoples?
A2: inclusionist policies
Q3: What was Rome's policy towards government?
A3: Autonomy and concord
Q4: What did foreign cults gradually begin to display in similarity to Roman cults? 
A4: Romanised
Q5: What was Rome not demanding of in religion of foreign areas of the empire?
A5: centralised legal requirement
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, with emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers. Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the war with Sassanid Persia, which revived in the middle of the 3rd century. The army doubled in size, and cavalry and smaller units replaced the legion as the main tactical unit. The need for revenue led to increased taxes and a decline in numbers of the curial, or landowning, class, and decreasing numbers of them willing to shoulder the burdens of holding office in their native towns. More bureaucrats were needed in the central administration to deal with the needs of the army, which led to complaints from civilians that there were more tax-collectors in the empire than tax-payers.

Q1: In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent?
A1: the 2nd century AD
Q2: In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids?
A2: 3rd century
Q3: How much did the size of the Roman army increase in the 3rd century?
A3: doubled
Q4: What did the need for increased revenue to pay for the Roman army lead to an increase in?
A4: taxes
Q5: What is another term for the Roman landowning class?
A5: curial
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of sin] is not in you. Your clothing is white as snow, and your face is like the sun. You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of sin] is not in you. You are the glory of Jerusalem, you are the joy of Israel, you give honour to our people. You are all beautiful, Mary.) On the basis of the original Gregorian chant music, polyphonic settings have been composed by Anton Bruckner, Pablo Casals, Maurice Duruflé, Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki, no:Ola Gjeilo, José Maurício Nunes Garcia, and Nikolaus Schapfl,

Q1: What color garment is used in traditional chants to represent the purity of Mary's conception ?
A1: Your clothing is white as snow,
Q2: The rituals for the correct way to enjoy Mass is listed in what text ?
A2: The Roman Missal
Q3: What official writings give specific prayers for each hours of the day for Catholics ?
A3: Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours
Q4: What type of  melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic changes have been made by composers but are based on the works that are monophonic and  unaccompanied sacred song?
A4: polyphonic settings have been composed
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.

Q1: When did the Roman Republic begin?
A1: 509 BC
Q2: When did the Roman Republic end?
A2: 27 BC
Q3: What marked the beginning of the Roman Republic?
A3: the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom
Q4: When was Cleopatra defeated at the Battle of Actium?
A4: 31 BC
Q5: What do most consider to be the event that ended the Roman Republic?
A5: Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

The Roman expansion brought the defeat of the Allobrogi in 121 BC and during the Gallic Wars in 58 BC Julius Caesar overcame the Helvetii. The Rhaetians continued to resist but were eventually conquered when the Romans turned northward to the Danube valley in Austria and defeated the Brigantes. The Romans built settlements in the Alps; towns such as Aosta (named for Augustus) in Italy, Martigny and Lausanne in Switzerland, and Partenkirchen in Bavaria show remains of Roman baths, villas, arenas and temples. Much of the Alpine region was gradually settled by Germanic tribes, (Lombards, Alemanni, Bavarii, and Franks) from the 6th to the 13th centuries mixing with the local Celtic tribes.

Q1: What brought the defeat of the Allobrogi?
A1: The Roman expansion
Q2: When were the Allobrogi defeated?
A2: in 121 BC
Q3: When did Julius Caesar overcome the Helvetii?
A3: 58 BC
Q4: What tribes settled much of the Alpine region?
A4: Germanic tribes
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and Gallaeci served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language; latin. The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps (castra) as Aquis Querquennis, Ciadella camp or Lucus Augusti (Lugo), roads (viae) and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules, in Corunna, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of Romanization. In the 3rd century it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, Asturias, and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León.

Q1: Under whom did Roman legions first enter Galicia?
A1: Decimus Junius Brutus
Q2: Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire under whose rule?
A2: Augustus
Q3: Which mineral found in Galicia were the Romans interested in?
A3: gold
Q4: Which language did the Romans introduce to Galicia?
A4: latin
Q5: The Romans used which lighthouse located in Corunna as part of its effort to establish control the area?
A5: Tower of Hercules
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The Roman physician Galen also argued for the importance of the brain, and theorized in some depth about how it might work. Galen traced out the anatomical relationships among brain, nerves, and muscles, demonstrating that all muscles in the body are connected to the brain through a branching network of nerves. He postulated that nerves activate muscles mechanically by carrying a mysterious substance he called pneumata psychikon, usually translated as "animal spirits". Galen's ideas were widely known during the Middle Ages, but not much further progress came until the Renaissance, when detailed anatomical study resumed, combined with the theoretical speculations of René Descartes and those who followed him. Descartes, like Galen, thought of the nervous system in hydraulic terms. He believed that the highest cognitive functions are carried out by a non-physical res cogitans, but that the majority of behaviors of humans, and all behaviors of animals, could be explained mechanistically.

Q1: The physician Galen was from which country in history?
A1: Roman
Q2: What period in history was anatomical  studies of nerves greatly increased?
A2: the Renaissance
Q3: Who coined the term pneumata psychikon?
A3: The Roman physician Galen
Q4: Penumata psychikon is usually translated as what?
A4: animal spirits
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

The Romans are known for the great number of deities they honored, a capacity that earned the mockery of early Christian polemicists. The presence of Greeks on the Italian peninsula from the beginning of the historical period influenced Roman culture, introducing some religious practices that became as fundamental as the cult of Apollo. The Romans looked for common ground between their major gods and those of the Greeks (interpretatio graeca), adapting Greek myths and iconography for Latin literature and Roman art. Etruscan religion was also a major influence, particularly on the practice of augury.

Q1: How deities did the Romans have?
A1: great number
Q2: What group was an influence to Roman culture?
A2: Greeks
Q3: What sort  of practices did the Greeks offer to Rome's culture?
A3: religious
Q4: What myths did the Romans adapt to their needs?
A4: Greek
Q5: What religion influenced augury for the Romans?
A5: Etruscan
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

The Romans had a greater appreciation for the color green; it was the color of Venus, the goddess of gardens, vegetables and vineyards.The Romans made a fine green earth pigment, which was widely used in the wall paintings of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Lyon, Vaison-la-Romaine, and other Roman cities. They also used the pigment verdigris, made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine. By the Second Century AD, the Romans were using green in paintings, mosaics and glass, and there were ten different words in Latin for varieties of green.

Q1: What color did the Romans attribute to Venus, the goddess of gardens, vegetables, and vineyards?
A1: green
Q2: What pigment was made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine?
A2: verdigris
Q3: How many different words for the varieties of green exist in Latin?
A3: ten
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the Metaurus River. Unable to defeat Hannibal on Italian soil, the Romans boldly sent an army to Africa under Scipio Africanus to threaten the Carthaginian capital. Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama.

Q1: What was the name of Hannibal's family member that wanted to join his army in battle?
A1: Hasdrubal Barca
Q2: At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at?
A2: Metaurus River
Q3: In which battle was Hannibal clearly defeated at?
A3: the Battle of Zama
Q4: Who had led the army that the Romans had sent to Africa?
A4: Scipio Africanus
Q5: Why did the Romans send an army to Africa?
A5: to threaten the Carthaginian capital
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

The Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendered as Moors in English.

Q1: What made up Mauretania?
A1: Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla
Q2: Who conquered parts of Mauretania?
A2: The Romans
Q3: During what period did Mauretania exist? 
A3: the classical period.
Q4: Where were the people of the region noted? 
A4: in Classical literature
Q5: What is Mauri in English? 
A5: Moors
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times – the paintings have retained their brightness for more than twenty centuries. The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain. Working in the mines was extremely dangerous, since mercury is highly toxic; the miners were slaves or prisoners, and being sent to the cinnabar mines was a virtual death sentence.

Q1: What pigment was used to paint villas in ancient Rome?
A1: vermilion
Q2: From where did vermilion originate?
A2: the mineral cinnabar
Q3: Cinnabar is an ore of what metal?
A3: mercury
Q4: What mines did Romans use to acquire cinnabar?
A4: Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain
Q5: Along with slaves, who was sent to work in cinnabar mines in Rome?
A5: prisoners
Title: Strasbourg
Topic: Geography and places

The Romans under Nero Claudius Drusus established a military outpost belonging to the Germania Superior Roman province at Strasbourg's current location, and named it Argentoratum. (Hence the town is commonly called Argentina in medieval Latin.) The name "Argentoratum" was first mentioned in 12 BC and the city celebrated its 2,000th birthday in 1988. "Argentorate" as the toponym of the Gaulish settlement preceded it before being Latinized, but it is not known by how long. The Roman camp was destroyed by fire and rebuilt six times between the first and the fifth centuries AD: in 70, 97, 235, 355, in the last quarter of the fourth century, and in the early years of the fifth century. It was under Trajan and after the fire of 97 that Argentoratum received its most extended and fortified shape. From the year 90 on, the Legio VIII Augusta was permanently stationed in the Roman camp of Argentoratum. It then included a cavalry section and covered an area of approximately 20 hectares. Other Roman legions temporarily stationed in Argentoratum were the Legio XIV Gemina and the Legio XXI Rapax, the latter during the reign of Nero.

Q1: What was Strasbourg called in 12 BC?
A1: Argentoratum
Q2: What was the Roman camp destroyed by?
A2: fire
Q3: Who was leading the Romans at Argentoratum?
A3: Nero Claudius Drusus
Q4: After what year was the Legio VIII Augusta permanently stationed in Argentoratum?
A4: year 90
Q5: How many times was Argentoratum rebuilt during the first and fifth centuries AD?
A5: six times
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

The Romantic Movement of the early 19th century reshaped science by opening up new pursuits unexpected in the classical approaches of the Enlightenment. Major breakthroughs came in biology, especially in Darwin's theory of evolution, as well as physics (electromagnetism), mathematics (non-Euclidean geometry, group theory) and chemistry (organic chemistry). The decline of Romanticism occurred because a new movement, Positivism, began to take hold of the ideals of the intellectuals after 1840 and lasted until about 1880.

Q1: Which movement took place during the 19th century?
A1: The Romantic Movement
Q2: What theory did Darwin introduce?
A2: theory of evolution
Q3: Which physics subject was affected by The Romantic Movement?
A3: electromagnetism
Q4: What caused Romanticism to end?
A4: Positivism
Q5: What year did Positivism end?
A5: 1880
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

The Rose Garden (Rosengarten), from which a scenic panoramic view of the medieval town centre can be enjoyed, is a well-kept Rosarium on a hill, converted into a park from a former cemetery in 1913.

Q1: What is the Rose Garden also known as?
A1: Rosengarten
Q2: What can you see from the Rose Garden?
A2: view of the medieval town centre
Q3: What was the Rosarium converted into?
A3: a park
Q4: What year was the Rosarium converted?
A4: 1913
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate thereafter cannot adjourn until after the ceremony. The speaker moves to sit beside the throne, the Mace Bearer, with mace in hand, stands adjacent to him or her, and the governor general enters to take the speaker's chair. The Usher of the Black Rod is then commanded by the speaker to summon the Members of Parliament, who follow Black Rod back to the Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the mace of the House of Commons. In the Senate, those from the commons stand behind the bar, while Black Rod proceeds to stand next to the governor general, who then nods his or her head to signify Royal Assent to the presented bills (which do not include appropriations bills). Once the list of bills is complete, the Clerk of the Senate states: "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] doth assent to these bills." If there are any appropriation bills to receive Royal Assent, the Speaker of the House of Commons will read their titles and the Senate clerk repeats them to the governor general, who nods his or her head to communicate Royal Assent. When these bills have all been assented to, the Clerk of the Senate recites "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] thanks her loyal subjects, accepts their benevolence and assents to these bills. The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament.

Q1: From where is the sovereign typically forbidden?
A1: House of Commons
Q2: Whose job is it to release parliament after the ceremony?
A2: The governor general or his or her deputy
Q3: Who reads the formal statement after the list of bills has been finished?
A3: Clerk of the Senate
Q4: Which position nods their head to signify assention?
A4: governor general
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

The Royal Australian Navy is in the process of procuring two Canberra-class LHD's, the first of which was commissioned in November 2015, while the second is expected to enter service in 2016. The ships will be the largest in Australian naval history. Their primary roles are to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force and to carry out or support humanitarian assistance missions. The LHD is capable of launching multiple helicopters at one time while maintaining an amphibious capability of 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles (tanks, armoured personnel carriers etc.). The Australian Defence Minister has publicly raised the possibility of procuring F-35B STOVL aircraft for the carrier, stating that it "has been on the table since day one and stating the LHD's are "STOVL capable".

Q1: Who is in the process of procuring two Canbera-class LHD's?
A1: The Royal Australian Navy
Q2: How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?
A2: the largest in Australian naval history
Q3: What is one primary role of the Canbera-class LDH?
A3: to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force
Q4: How many troops can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD?
A4: 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles
Q5: How many helicopters is the LHD capable of launching?
A5: multiple helicopters at one time
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activities throughout Canada and worldwide. 1 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out through eleven wings located across Canada. The commander of 2 Canadian Air Division is responsible for training and support functions. 2 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out at two wings. Wings represent the grouping of various squadrons, both operational and support, under a single tactical commander reporting to the operational commander and vary in size from several hundred personnel to several thousand.

Q1: Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?
A1: the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force
Q2: Where is the commander based out of?
A2: Winnipeg
Q3: How many air force wings are located across Canada?
A3: eleven
Q4: Who reports to the operational commander about the wings?
A4: tactical commander
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.

Q1: How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?
A1: 33
Q2: Where are the Maritime Forces Atlantic located?
A2: Halifax
Q3: What formation is located in Quebec?
A3: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)
Q4: What international exercises does the RCN partake in?
A4: NATO exercises
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen. The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £9.4 billion in 2014 – is held in trust by the sovereign and cannot be sold or owned by Elizabeth in a private capacity.

Q1: What famous jewelry collection is held in trust by Elizabeth?
A1: Crown Jewels
Q2: What residences of Elizabeth are held in trust and not owned by Elizabeth?
A2: official residences
Q3: What Scottish estate is privately owned by Elizabeth?
A3: Balmoral Castle
Q4: How much is the worth of the British Crown Estate?
A4: £9.4 billion
Q5: How is the British Crown Estate held by Elizabeth?
A5: in trust
Title: Imperial_College_London
Topic: History

The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany. As a result of a movement earlier in the decade, many politicians donated funds to establish the college, including Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone and Robert Peel. It was also supported by Prince Albert, who persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann to be the first professor.

Q1: When was the Royal College of Chemistry established?
A1: 1845
Q2: Which politicians donated funds to establish the Royal College of Chemistry?
A2: Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone and Robert Peel
Q3: Who was the first professor of the Royal College of Chemistry?
A3: August Wilhelm von Hofmann
Q4: Why was the Royal College of Chemistry founded?
A4: in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany
Q5: Who supported the Royal College of Chemistry?
A5: Prince Albert
Q6: When was the Royal College of Chemistry established?
A6: 1845
Q7: What was not well taught that led to the founding of the Royal College of Chemistry?
A7: practical aspects of the experimental sciences
Q8: Which country was ahead of the United Kingdom in the teaching of chemistry?
A8: Germany
Q9: Which Prince supported the establishment of the college?
A9: Prince Albert
Q10: Who was the first professor of the college?
A10: August Wilhelm von Hofmann
Title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Topic: Art and architecture

The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.

Q1: What does RIBA stand for?
A1: Royal Institute of British Architects
Q2: What is the goal of RIBA?
A2: the advancement of architecture
Q3: When was RIBA founded?
A3: 1837
Q4: When was RIBA's founding document expanded?
A4: 1971
Q5: In what country does RIBA mainly operate?
A5: United Kingdom
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

The Royal Navy is constructing two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class, to replace the three now retired Invincible-class carriers. The ships are HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales. They will be able to operate up to 40 aircraft on peace time operations with a tailored group of up to 50, and will have a displacement of 70,600 tonnes. HMS Queen Elizabeth is projected to commission in 2017 followed by Prince of Wales in about 2020. The ships are due to become operational starting in 2020. Their primary aircraft complement will be made up of F-35B Lightning IIs, and their ship's company will number around 680 with the total complement rising to about 1600 when the air group is embarked. The two ships will be the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy.

Q1: Which class of aircraft carriers is being constructed to replace the Invincible-class carriers?
A1: Queen Elizabeth
Q2: What will the displacement be for the HMS Queen Elizabeth?
A2: 70,600 tonnes
Q3: When is HMS Queen Elizabeth projected to commission?
A3: in 2017
Q4: When is Prince of Wales projected to commission?
A4: in about 2020
Q5: Who is building HMS Queen Elizabeth and Prince of Wales?
A5: Royal Navy
Title: Imperial_College_London
Topic: History

The Royal School of Mines was established by Sir Henry de la Beche in 1851, developing from the Museum of Economic Geology, a collection of minerals, maps and mining equipment. He created a school which laid the foundations for the teaching of science in the country, and which has its legacy today at Imperial. Prince Albert was a patron and supporter of the later developments in science teaching, which led to the Royal College of Chemistry becoming part of the Royal School of Mines, to the creation of the Royal College of Science and eventually to these institutions becoming part of his plan for South Kensington being an educational region.

Q1: What school was established in 1851?
A1: The Royal School of Mines
Q2: Who established the Royal School of Mines?
A2: Sir Henry de la Beche
Q3: A collection of miners, maps and mining equipment all belonged to what entity?
A3: the Museum of Economic Geology
Q4: Which famous prince was a patron at the Royal School of Mines?
A4: Prince Albert
Q5: Which region did Prince Albert aim to make famous as an educational region?
A5: South Kensington
Title: Rule_of_law
Topic: History

The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy.

Q1: What language is spoken in most rule of law countries?
A1: English
Q2: In what types of countries is the rule of law important to the economy?
A2: developing and transitional
Q3: In non English speaking countries, what is the rule of law referred to as?
A3: not yet fully clarified
Q4: What other countries have successful democracies?
A4: Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan
Q5: What is critically important for discussion of rules, laws, and the economy?
A5: common language