LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune,[e] and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large planetary moons in the Solar System, Triton has a retrograde orbit, indicating that it was captured rather than forming in place; it was probably once a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt. It is close enough to Neptune to be locked into a synchronous rotation, and it is slowly spiralling inward because of tidal acceleration. It will eventually be torn apart, in about 3.6 billion years, when it reaches the Roche limit. In 1989, Triton was the coldest object that had yet been measured in the Solar System, with estimated temperatures of 38 K (−235 °C).

Q1: How many moons does Neptune have?
A1: 14
Q2: What is Neptune's largest moon?
A2: Triton
Q3: Who discovered Triton? 
A3: William Lassell
Q4: What orbit does Triton have around Neptune? 
A4: retrograde orbit
Q5: What does Triton's orbit suggest about it's relation to Neptune?
A5: that it was captured
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stable in their orbits, and are likely to have formed alongside Neptune rather than being captured. The first and so far only object identified as associated with Neptune's trailing L5 Lagrangian point is 2008 LC18. Neptune also has a temporary quasi-satellite, (309239) 2007 RW10. The object has been a quasi-satellite of Neptune for about 12,500 years and it will remain in that dynamical state for another 12,500 years.

Q1: What is the resonance of Neptune trojans?
A1: 1:1
Q2: Where did most Neptune trojans form?
A2: alongside Neptune
Q3: What is the only object identified with Neptune's trailing L5 Lagrangian point?
A3: 2008 LC18
Q4: What is Neptune's temporary quasi-satellite named?
A4: (309239) 2007 RW10
Q5: How long has Neptune's quasi-satellite been with Neptune? 
A5: 12,500 years
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verrier Ring, at 53,000 km, and the broader, fainter Galle Ring, at 42,000 km. A faint outward extension to the Le Verrier Ring has been named Lassell; it is bounded at its outer edge by the Arago Ring at 57,000 km.

Q1: What system, like Saturn, does Neptune have? 
A1: planetary ring system
Q2: What might Neptune's rings consist of?
A2: ice particles
Q3: What might the ice particles of Neptune's rings be coated with?
A3: silicates or carbon-based material
Q4: Where is Adams ring from the center of Neptune?
A4: 63,000 km
Q5: Where is the La Verrier ring from the center of Neptune?
A5: 53,000 km
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining known 14 moons were located telescopically until the 20th century. The planet's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size, making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes. Neptune was visited by Voyager 2, when it flew by the planet on 25 August 1989. The advent of Hubble Space Telescope and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics has recently allowed for additional detailed observations from afar.

Q1: How was Neptune found? 
A1: mathematical prediction
Q2: Who discovered Neptune? 
A2: Alexis Bouvard
Q3: When was Neptune first observed? 
A3: 23 September 1846
Q4: What is Neptune's largest moon? 
A4: Triton
Q5: What flew by Neptune in 1989? 
A5: Voyager 2
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune is similar in composition to Uranus, and both have compositions that differ from those of the larger gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but contains a higher proportion of "ices" such as water, ammonia, and methane. However, its interior, like that of Uranus, is primarily composed of ices and rock, and hence Uranus and Neptune are normally considered "ice giants" to emphasise this distinction. Traces of methane in the outermost regions in part account for the planet's blue appearance.

Q1: Which planet is compositionally similar to Neptune? 
A1: Uranus
Q2: What is Neptune's atmosphere primarily composed of? 
A2: hydrogen and helium
Q3: What is the interior of Neptune composed of? 
A3: ices and rock
Q4: What makes Neptune blue? 
A4: methane
Q5: What "ices" makes up Neptune? 
A5: water, ammonia, and methane
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and the third-largest by mass. Among the giant planets in the Solar System, Neptune is the most dense. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth and slightly larger than Neptune.[c] Neptune orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of 30.1 astronomical units (4.50×109 km). Named after the Roman god of the sea, its astronomical symbol is ♆, a stylised version of the god Neptune's trident.

Q1: What planet is Neptune's near-twin? 
A1: Uranus
Q2: How much more dense is Neptune compared to Earth?
A2: 17 times
Q3: What is Neptune named after?
A3: Roman god of the sea
Q4: What does the astronomical sign of Neptune represent?
A4: god Neptune's trident
Q5: How many Earth years does Neptune orbit the sun? 
A5: 164.8 years
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, persistent methane clouds that form around the tropopause layer. The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer visible as a dark feature. Dark spots may dissipate when they migrate too close to the equator or possibly through some other unknown mechanism.

Q1: Where are Neptune's dark spots thought to occur? 
A1: in the troposphere
Q2: What do Neptune's dark spots appear as in the cloud decks? 
A2: holes
Q3: Since Neptune's dark spots persist for several months, what are they thought to be?
A3: vortex structures
Q4: What on Neptune are associated with dark spots that are brighter?
A4: methane clouds
Q5: When Neptune's dark spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do?
A5: dissipate
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four times that of Earth. Neptune, like Uranus, is an ice giant, a subclass of giant planet, due to their smaller size and higher concentrations of volatiles relative to Jupiter and Saturn. In the search for extrasolar planets, Neptune has been used as a metonym: discovered bodies of similar mass are often referred to as "Neptunes", just as scientists refer to various extrasolar bodies as "Jupiters".

Q1: What is Neptune's mass? 
A1: 1.0243×1026 kg
Q2: How much more mass does Neptune have compared to Earth? 
A2: 17 times
Q3: What is Neptune's gravity at 1 bar? 
A3: 11.15 m/s2
Q4: What is Neptune's equatorial radius? 
A4: 24,764 km
Q5: What is Neptune referred to due to it's size and concentration of volatiles? 
A5: ice giant
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a low temperature of 51.8 K (−221.3 °C). At a depth where the atmospheric pressure equals 1 bar (100 kPa), the temperature is 72.00 K (−201.15 °C). Deeper inside the layers of gas, the temperature rises steadily. As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, yet its internal energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System. Depending on the thermal properties of its interior, the heat left over from Neptune's formation may be sufficient to explain its current heat flow, though it is more difficult to simultaneously explain Uranus's lack of internal heat while preserving the apparent similarity between the two planets.

Q1: Why might Neptune have more varied weather than Uranus?
A1: higher internal heating
Q2: How much farther is Neptune from the Sun than Uranus?
A2: 50%
Q3: How much percentage of the sun does Neptune get compared to Uranus?
A3: 40%
Q4: How much more energy does Neptune radiate than it receives? 
A4: 2.61
Q5: The current heat flow on Neptune might be explained by what?
A5: heat left over from Neptune's formation
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravity dominates the asteroid belt, shaping its structure, so Neptune's gravity dominates the Kuiper belt. Over the age of the Solar System, certain regions of the Kuiper belt became destabilised by Neptune's gravity, creating gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure. The region between 40 and 42 AU is an example.

Q1: What is the region behind Neptune called? 
A1: Kuiper belt
Q2: What does the Kuiper belt consist of?
A2: small icy worlds
Q3: Where is the Kuiper belt relative to Neptune?
A3: 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun
Q4: What dominates the Kuiper belt? 
A4: Neptune's gravity
Q5: What did Neptune's gravity do to Kuiper belt? 
A5: gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Neptune's weather is characterised by extremely dynamic storm systems, with winds reaching speeds of almost 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)—nearly reaching supersonic flow. More typically, by tracking the motion of persistent clouds, wind speeds have been shown to vary from 20 m/s in the easterly direction to 325 m/s westward. At the cloud tops, the prevailing winds range in speed from 400 m/s along the equator to 250 m/s at the poles. Most of the winds on Neptune move in a direction opposite the planet's rotation. The general pattern of winds showed prograde rotation at high latitudes vs. retrograde rotation at lower latitudes. The difference in flow direction is thought to be a "skin effect" and not due to any deeper atmospheric processes. At 70° S latitude, a high-speed jet travels at a speed of 300 m/s.

Q1: What dynamic weather does Neptune have?
A1: storm
Q2: What does Neptune's wind speeds reach? 
A2: 600 m/s (2,200 km/h; 1,300 mph)
Q3: What is the high wind speed on Neptune's cloud tops?
A3: 400 m/s
Q4: Which direction does Neptune's winds move relevant to the plant's rotation?
A4: opposite
Q5: What is the effect called that describes the flow direction on Neptune? 
A5: skin effect
Title: Wayback_Machine
Topic: Engineering and technology

Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site and that they should have subpoenaed Internet Archive for the pages directly. An employee of Internet Archive filed a sworn statement supporting Chordiant's motion, however, stating that it could not produce the web pages by any other means "without considerable burden, expense and disruption to its operations."

Q1: Who did Netbula believe was the entity that should be responsible for the availability of its snapshots?
A1: Internet Archive
Q2: Which party did Internet Archive side with?
A2: Chordiant
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

Network effects are a large factor with electrification. When converting lines to electric, the connections with other lines must be considered. Some electrifications have subsequently been removed because of the through traffic to non-electrified lines. If through traffic is to have any benefit, time consuming engine switches must occur to make such connections or expensive dual mode engines must be used. This is mostly an issue for long distance trips, but many lines come to be dominated by through traffic from long-haul freight trains (usually running coal, ore, or containers to or from ports). In theory, these trains could enjoy dramatic savings through electrification, but it can be too costly to extend electrification to isolated areas, and unless an entire network is electrified, companies often find that they need to continue use of diesel trains even if sections are electrified. The increasing demand for container traffic which is more efficient when utilizing the double-stack car also has network effect issues with existing electrifications due to insufficient clearance of overhead electrical lines for these trains, but electrification can be built or modified to have sufficient clearance, at additional cost.

Q1: What is a major factor whn it comes to electrification?
A1: Network effects
Q2: What was the reason some electrifications were removed after a while?
A2: through traffic to non-electrified lines
Q3: Where can the issue of through traffic benefits occur?
A3: long distance trips
Q4: What can be a drawback of electrification of long distance freight trains?
A4: electrification to isolated areas
Q5: What does the increasing demand for container traffic make companies use more often?
A5: diesel trains
Title: Internet_service_provider
Topic: Engineering and technology

Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]

Q1: Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible? 
A1: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible
Q2: What sort of route does data follow? 
A2: the most efficient route
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar cortex, consist of layers that are folded or convoluted to fit within the available space. Other parts, such as the thalamus and hypothalamus, consist of clusters of many small nuclei. Thousands of distinguishable areas can be identified within the vertebrate brain based on fine distinctions of neural structure, chemistry, and connectivity.

Q1: People who study the anatomy of the central nervous system are known as what?
A1: Neuroanatomists
Q2: The cerebral hemispheres of the brain are called what?
A2: telencephalon
Q3: The thalamus and hypothalamus comprise what region of the brain?
A3: diencephalon
Q4: The midbrain region of the brain is known as what?
A4: mesencephalon
Q5: Clusters of small nuclei comprise what parts of the brain?
A5: thalamus and hypothalamus
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

Neurophysiologists study the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain: their primary tools are drugs and recording devices. Thousands of experimentally developed drugs affect the nervous system, some in highly specific ways. Recordings of brain activity can be made using electrodes, either glued to the scalp as in EEG studies, or implanted inside the brains of animals for extracellular recordings, which can detect action potentials generated by individual neurons. Because the brain does not contain pain receptors, it is possible using these techniques to record brain activity from animals that are awake and behaving without causing distress. The same techniques have occasionally been used to study brain activity in human patients suffering from intractable epilepsy, in cases where there was a medical necessity to implant electrodes to localize the brain area responsible for epileptic seizures. Functional imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging are also used to study brain activity; these techniques have mainly been used with human subjects, because they require a conscious subject to remain motionless for long periods of time, but they have the great advantage of being noninvasive.

Q1: What do neurophysiologists study?
A1: the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain
Q2: The most common tools that neurophysiologists use are what?
A2: drugs and recording devices
Q3: What type of receptors does the brain lack?
A3: pain receptors
Q4: Electrodes are often glued to what like in EEG studies?
A4: the scalp
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at synapses when an action potential activates them—neurotransmitters attach themselves to receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell, and thereby alter the electrical or chemical properties of the receptor molecules. With few exceptions, each neuron in the brain releases the same chemical neurotransmitter, or combination of neurotransmitters, at all the synaptic connections it makes with other neurons; this rule is known as Dale's principle. Thus, a neuron can be characterized by the neurotransmitters that it releases. The great majority of psychoactive drugs exert their effects by altering specific neurotransmitter systems. This applies to drugs such as cannabinoids, nicotine, heroin, cocaine, alcohol, fluoxetine, chlorpromazine, and many others.

Q1: Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released at what part of the brain?
A1: synapses
Q2: What do neurotransmitters attach to?
A2: receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell
Q3: Neurons that release the same chemicals are following what rule?
A3: Dale's principle
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, as well as osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, cruciate ligament rupture, obesity, and diabetes mellitus in either sex.

Q1: Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what?
A1: Neutering
Q2: According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog?
A2: urinary incontinence
Q3: Female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens?
A3: Spayed
Q4: What is increased in female dogs with neutering?
A4: urinary incontinence
Q5: What is increased in male dogs with neutering?
A5: prostate cancer
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), advise that dogs not intended for further breeding should be neutered, so that they do not have undesired puppies that may have to later be euthanized.

Q1: What is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation?
A1: Neutering
Q2: According to the text, what agency recommends altering dogs to prevent pregnancies?
A2: the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
Q3: What is typically surgically removed on male dogs to prevent procreation?
A3: testicles
Q4: What is usually removed in female dogs to prevent pregnancy?
A4: ovaries and uterus
Q5: In neutering, what is removed in a male dog?
A5: testicles
Q6: In neutering, what is removed in female dogs?
A6: ovaries and uterus
Q7: What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes?
A7: neutered
Title: Madrasa
Topic: Language and literature

Nevertheless, Makdisi has asserted that the European university borrowed many of its features from the Islamic madrasa, including the concepts of a degree and doctorate. Makdisi and Hugh Goddard have also highlighted other terms and concepts now used in modern universities which most likely have Islamic origins, including "the fact that we still talk of professors holding the 'Chair' of their subject" being based on the "traditional Islamic pattern of teaching where the professor sits on a chair and the students sit around him", the term 'academic circles' being derived from the way in which Islamic students "sat in a circle around their professor", and terms such as "having 'fellows', 'reading' a subject, and obtaining 'degrees', can all be traced back" to the Islamic concepts of aṣḥāb ('companions, as of Muhammad'), qirāʼah ('reading aloud the Qur'an') and ijāzah ('licence [to teach]') respectively. Makdisi has listed eighteen such parallels in terminology which can be traced back to their roots in Islamic education. Some of the practices now common in modern universities which Makdisi and Goddard trace back to an Islamic root include "practices such as delivering inaugural lectures, wearing academic robes, obtaining doctorates by defending a thesis, and even the idea of academic freedom are also modelled on Islamic custom." The Islamic scholarly system of fatwá and ijmāʻ, meaning opinion and consensus respectively, formed the basis of the "scholarly system the West has practised in university scholarship from the Middle Ages down to the present day." According to Makdisi and Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universities was also "modelled on Islamic custom" as practised in the medieval Madrasa system from the 9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of the first deliberately planned university" in Europe, the University of Naples Federico II founded by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1224.

Q1: What institutions have been considered to take some its ideas from madaris?
A1: European university
Q2: What Eurpoean university practices are considered to be adapted from madaris?
A2: degree and doctorate
Q3: How many corollaries dd Makdisi make between Islamic language and European educational practices?
A3: eighteen
Q4: What freedom specifically did Makdisi believe European schools learned from Islamic traditions?
A4: academic
Q5: What clothing practice did Makdisi believe European schools learned from madaris?
A5: wearing academic robes
Title: Hunting
Topic: Sports and recreation

Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declared that such synodal decrees are not too severe, as an absolute prohibition of hunting is more conformable to the ecclesiastical law. In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether.

Q1: What distinction is undoubtedly permissible?
A1: between lawful and unlawful hunting
Q2: What can a bishop absolutely prohibit?
A2: all hunting
Q3: Where did synods prohibit all hunting at?
A3: Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere
Q4: What did Benedict XIV declare about decrees prohibiting hunting?
A4: not too severe
Q5: Who can prohibit hunting to the clerics?
A5: bishop
Q6: Declaration that decrees are not severe was done by who?
A6: Benedict XIV
Q7: What did Synods at Milan, Avignon, Liege, Cologne, and elsewhere do?
A7: prohibit all hunting to the clerics
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Nevertheless, it was radar that proved to be critical weapon in the night battles over Britain from this point onward. Dowding had introduced the concept of airborne radar and encouraged its usage. Eventually it would become a success. On the night of 22/23 July 1940, Flying Officer Cyril Ashfield (pilot), Pilot Officer Geoffrey Morris (Observer) and Flight Sergeant Reginald Leyland (Air Intercept radar operator) of the Fighter Interception Unit became the first pilot and crew to intercept and destroy an enemy aircraft using onboard radar to guide them to a visual interception, when their AI night fighter brought down a Do 17 off Sussex. On 19 November 1940 the famous RAF night fighter ace John Cunningham shot down a Ju 88 bomber using airborne radar, just as Dowding had predicted.

Q1: What was critical in the night battles over Britain?
A1: radar
Q2: What concept eventually became successful?
A2: airborne radar
Q3: On what day did airborne radar help intercept and destroy enemy aircraft for the first time?
A3: the night of 22/23 July 1940
Q4: Who was the RAF night fighter ace that used airborne radar to destroy a Ju 88 bomber?
A4: John Cunningham
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

Nevertheless, the Fujiwara were not demoted by Daigo but actually became stronger during his reign. Central control of Japan had continued to decline, and the Fujiwara, along with other great families and religious foundations, acquired ever larger shōen and greater wealth during the early tenth century. By the early Heian period, the shōen had obtained legal status, and the large religious establishments sought clear titles in perpetuity, waiver of taxes, and immunity from government inspection of the shōen they held. Those people who worked the land found it advantageous to transfer title to shōen holders in return for a share of the harvest. People and lands were increasingly beyond central control and taxation, a de facto return to conditions before the Taika Reform.

Q1: What type of property obtained legal status during the early Heian period?
A1: shōen
Q2: Farm laborers traded titles to shoen holders in exchange for what?
A2: a share of the harvest
Q3: The Fujiwara and other noble families became richer during which century?
A3: early tenth century
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Nevertheless, the ethno-geographic caste hierarchy favoring the Mongols and other ethnicities were accorded higher status than the Han Chinese majority. Although Han Chinese who were recruited as advisers were often actually more influential than high officials, their status was not as well defined. Kublai also abolished the imperial examinations of China's civil service legacy, which was not reinstated until Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan's reign (1311–1320). Rossabi writes that Kublai recognized that in order to rule China, "he had to employ Chinese advisors and officials, yet he could not rely totally on Chinese advisers because he had to maintain a delicate balancing act between ruling the sedentary civilization of China and preserving the cultural identity and values of the Mongols." And "in governing China, he was concerned with the interests of his Chinese subjects, but also with exploiting the resources of the empire for his own aggrandizement. His motivations and objectives alternated from one to the other throughout his reign," according to Rossabi. Van Praag writes in The Status of Tibet that the Tibetans and Mongols, on the other hand, upheld a dual system of rule and an interdependent relationship that legitimated the succession of Mongol khans as universal Buddhist rulers, or chakravartin. Van Praag writes that "Tibet remained a unique part of the Empire and was never fully integrated into it," citing examples such as a licensed border market that existed between China and Tibet during the Yuan.

Q1: When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign?
A1: 1311–1320
Q2: During the Yuan what existed between China and Tibet? 
A2: a licensed border market
Q3: Who was granted higher status than the Han Chinese majority?
A3: the Mongols and other ethnicities
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. The 1994 cease-fire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has also helped the economy. Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. New sectors, such as precious-stone processing and jewellery making, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.

Q1: What did Armenia declare a cease-fire to in 1994?
A1: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Q2: Since when has Armenia experienced a positive growth in their economy?
A2: 1995
Q3: What is one of the newer sectors Armenia has in addition to agriculture?
A3: precious-stone processing
Q4: What helped Armenia decrease inflation and create study growth in the economy?
A4: economic reforms
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

Nevertheless, whether and to what degree any of these types of intermediaries have secondary liability is the subject of ongoing litigation. The decentralised structure of peer-to-peer networks, in particular, does not sit easily with existing laws on online intermediaries' liability. The BitTorrent protocol established an entirely decentralised network architecture in order to distribute large files effectively. Recent developments in peer-to-peer technology towards more complex network configurations are said to have been driven by a desire to avoid liability as intermediaries under existing laws.

Q1: What is the legal status of secondary liability?
A1: subject of ongoing litigation
Q2: What makes peer-to-peer networks different than other online providers?
A2: decentralised structure
Q3: What was the initial purpose of the BitTorrent protocol?
A3: distribute large files effectively
Q4: What are the reasons for more complex network configurations in peer-to-peer software development?
A4: to avoid liability as intermediaries
Title: Everton_F.C.
Topic: History

Neville Southall holds the record for the most Everton appearances, having played 751 first-team matches between 1981 and 1997, and previously held the record for the most league clean sheets during a season (15). During the 2008–09 season, this record was beaten by American goalkeeper Tim Howard (17). The late centre half and former captain Brian Labone comes second, having played 534 times. The longest serving player is Goalkeeper Ted Sagar who played for 23 years between 1929 and 1953, both sides of the Second World War, making a total of 495 appearances. The club's top goalscorer, with 383 goals in all competitions, is Dixie Dean; the second-highest goalscorer is Graeme Sharp with 159. Dean still holds the English national record of most goals in a season, with 60.

Q1: What player holds the Everton Football Club record for most appearances?
A1: Neville Southall
Q2: Who currently holds the record for the most league clean sheets during a season?
A2: Tim Howard
Q3: Which former captain made 534 appearances with the Everton Football Club?
A3: Brian Labone
Q4: Who was the longest serving goalkeeper for the Everton FC?
A4: Ted Sagar
Q5: How many years did Ted Sagar play for the Everton Football Club?
A5: 23
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi (i/ˌnjuː ˈdɛli/) is a municipality and district in Delhi which serves as the capital and seat of government of India. In addition, it also serves as the seat of Government of Delhi.

Q1: In what territory is New Delhi located?
A1: Delhi
Q2: What municipality serves as the capital of India?
A2: New Delhi
Q3: For what territory does New Delhi serve as the seat of Government?
A3: Delhi
Q4: What municipality serves as the seat of Government for India?
A4: New Delhi
Q5: What municipality serves as the seat of government of Delhi?
A5: New Delhi
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi has a population of 249,998. Hindi and Punjabi are the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delhi.

Q1: What is the population of New Delhi?
A1: 249,998
Q2: What are the most common languages spoken in New Delhi?
A2: Hindi and Punjabi
Q3: What language is used for formal purposes by business and government institutes of New Delhi?
A3: English
Q4: What is the literacy rate of New Delhi according to the 2011 census?
A4: 89.38%
Q5: What city in the territory of Delhi has the highest literacy rate?
A5: New Delhi
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

Q1: How many Indian cities have been selected to be developed as a smart city?
A1: hundred
Q2: What is the name of the mission to develop Indian smart cities?
A2: Smart Cities Mission
Q3: Who is responsible for India's smart city initiative?
A3: PM Narendra Modi
Q4: What is one Indian city that has been selected to be developed as a smart city?
A4: New Delhi
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New Delhi has the highest number of registered cars compared to any other metropolitan city in India. Taxis and Auto Rickshaws also ply on New Delhi roads in large numbers. New Delhi has one of the highest road density in India.

Q1: What state-owned organization operates New Delhi's bus transport system?
A1: Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)
Q2: Delhi Transport Company owns the world's largest fleet of buses powered by what type of fuel?
A2: compressed natural gas
Q3: What city has the highest number of registered cars of any city in India?
A3: New Delhi
Q4: What large metropolis has some of the highest road density in India? 
A4: New Delhi
Q5: What type of vehicle transport system is owned by the Delhi Transport Corporation?
A5: Buses
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom. The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might.

Q1: What is the name of the holiday celebrated in India that occurs on Gandhi's Birthday?
A1: Gandhi Jayanti
Q2: What is the date of India's Independence Day?
A2: 15 August
Q3: On Indian Independence Day, the Prime Minister addresses the nation from what location?
A3: the Red Fort
Q4: On Indian Independence Day, kites are flown by citizens which symbolize what concept?
A4: freedom
Q5: What New Delhi celebration showcases India's cultural diversity and military power?
A5: Republic Day Parade
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla. The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Faridabad, Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of August 2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 189 km (117 mi) and 146 stations, and several other lines are under construction. It carries millions of passengers every day. In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists.

Q1: What Indian city is the headquarters of the Northern Railway?
A1: New Delhi
Q2: How many main stations of the Northern Railway serve the New Delhi area?
A2: five
Q3: The Delhi Metro consists of how many stations?
A3: 146
Q4: What organization is responsible for building and operating the Delhi Metro system?
A4: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi.

Q1: What is the name of the municipal government by which New Delhi is governed?
A1: New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC)
Q2: What government body is responsible for administering other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi?
A2: Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD)
Q3: What is the name commonly used to refer to the entire metropolis of Delhi?
A3: New Delhi
Q4: The New Delhi Municipal Government oversees what large Indian city?
A4: New Delhi
Q5: What form of government is responsible for the municipality of New Delhi?
A5: a municipal government
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum of Natural History, National Rail Museum, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, National Philatelic Museum, Nehru Planetarium, Shankar's International Dolls Museum. and Supreme Court of India Museum.

Q1: What is the name of the major railroad related museum located in New Delhi?
A1: National Rail Museum
Q2: What is the name of the doll themed museum located in New Delhi?
A2: Shankar's International Dolls Museum
Q3: The Supreme Court of India Museum is located in what major city?
A3: New Delhi
Q4: What is the name of the modern art museum located in new Delhi?
A4: National Gallery of Modern Art
Q5: The National Philatelic Museum is located in which large Indian city?
A5: New Delhi
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.

Q1: On what date was the National Museum formally inaugurated?
A1: 15 August 1949
Q2: How many works of art currently reside in the National Museum?
A2: 200,000
Q3: What length of time do the 200,000 works of art in the National Museum encompass?
A3: 5,000 years
Q4: The National Museum began in 1947 with a display of what type of art?
A4: Indian art
Q5: In the winter of 1947, the National Museum started with a display of Indian art in what location?
A5: Royal Academy in London
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along Shanti Path, the Rose Garden, Nehru Park and the Railway Garden in Chanakya Puri. Also of note is the garden adjacent to the Jangpura Metro Station near the Defence Colony Flyover, as are the roundabout and neighbourhood gardens throughout the city.

Q1: The Buddha Jayanti Park is located in which Indian city?
A1: New Delhi
Q2: A notable New Delhi garden is located adjacent to what metro station?
A2: Jangpura Metro Station
Q3: The gardens of New Delhi are particularly stunning in which season?
A3: spring
Q4: New Delhi is well known for what type of beautifully landscaped feature?
A4: gardens
Q5: What is the name of one of the largest gardens in new Delhi?
A5: Buddha Jayanti Park
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi is the largest commercial city in northern India. It has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of ₹1595 billion (US$23 billion) in nominal terms and ~₹6800 billion (US$100 billion) in PPP terms. As of 2013, the per capita income of Delhi was Rs. 230000, second highest in India after Goa. GSDP in Delhi at the current prices for 2012-13 is estimated at Rs 3.88 trillion (short scale) against Rs 3.11 trillion (short scale) in 2011-12.

Q1: What was the estimated net State Domestic Product of New Delhi for 2010?
A1: ₹1595 billion
Q2: The per capita income of New Delhi was second only to what Indian municipality?
A2: Goa
Q3: What was the 2012-13 current price estimate for GSDP in Delhi?
A3: Rs 3.88 trillion
Q4: What was the 2011-12 GSDP estimate for Delhi?
A4: Rs 3.11 trillion
Q5: What is the per capita income of Delhi as of 2013?
A5: Rs. 230000
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

New Delhi lies on several fault lines and thus experiences frequent earthquakes, most of them of mild intensity. There has, however, been a spike in the number of earthquakes in the last six years, most notable being a 5.4 magnitude earthquake in 2015 with its epicentre in Nepal, a 4.7-magnitude earthquake on 25 November 2007, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake on 7 September 2011, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake on 5 March 2012, and a swarm of twelve earthquakes, including four of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, and 3.3, on 12 November 2013.

Q1: What was the magnitude of the notable 2015 earthquake that shook New Delhi?
A1: 5.4 magnitude
Q2: A 4.7 magnitude earthquake that affected New Delhi occurred on what date?
A2: 25 November 2007
Q3: What was the magnitude of the earthquake that affected New Delhi on September 2011?
A3: 4.2-magnitude
Q4: How many earthquakes occurred on March 5, 2012?
A4: twelve
Q5: What is the geographical feature New Delhi lies on that is responsible for frequent earthquakes?
A5: fault lines
Title: New_Haven,_Connecticut
Topic: Geography and places

New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, which in turn comprises the outer limits of the New York metropolitan area. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census. According to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741.

Q1: In which US state is New Haven located?
A1: Connecticut
Q2: New Haven Harbor is located on the northern shore of what waterway? 
A2: Long Island Sound
Q3: In what county is New Haven located?
A3: New Haven County
Q4: What is the population of New Haven according to the 2010 United States Census?
A4: 129,779
Q5: New Haven County makes up the outer limits of what major metropolitan area?
A5: New York metropolitan area
Q6: What is the population of New Haven City in 2010?
A6: 129,779
Q7: What is Connecticut's biggest city?
A7: Bridgeport
Q8: In what county is New Haven located in?
A8: New Haven County,
Q9: The population of the Greater New Haven in 2010?
A9: 862,477
Q10: What is the metropolitan next to New Haven County, Connecticut? 
A10: New York
Title: New_Haven,_Connecticut
Topic: Geography and places

New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available, with a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for loading and unloading. Approximately 400,000 square feet (40,000 m2) of inside storage and 50 acres (200,000 m2) of outside storage are available at the site. Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available.

Q1: In what harbor is the Port of New Haven located?
A1: New Haven Harbor
Q2: How many trucks does the Port of New Haven have the daily capacity to load?
A2: 200
Q3: In addition to ground service, what other function is available at the Port of New Haven for offloading truck cargo?
A3: loading docks
Q4: Approximately how many square feet of interior storage is available at the Port of New Haven?
A4: 400,000
Q5: Approximately how many acres of outside storage does the Port of New Haven offer?
A5: 50
Q6: The name of New Haven harbor?
A6: Port of New Haven
Q7: In terms of scale how big is the harbor?
A7: 400,000 square feet
Q8: How many forklift are available for use in it everyday production?
A8: 26
Q9: How many transport vehicle can the harbor actually hold?
A9: 200
Title: New_Haven,_Connecticut
Topic: Geography and places

New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, New Haven consistently had minor league hockey and baseball teams, which played at the New Haven Arena (built in 1926, demolished in 1972), New Haven Coliseum (1972–2002), and Yale Field (1928–present).

Q1: What NFL team played at the Yale Bowl from 1973-1974?
A1: New York Giants
Q2: In what year was the New Haven Arena demolished?
A2: 1972
Q3: At what currently defunct New Haven venues did minor league hockey and baseball teams play throughout the latter half of the 20th century?
A3: New Haven Arena (built in 1926, demolished in 1972), New Haven Coliseum (1972–2002)
Q4: In what year was Yale field established in New Haven?
A4: 1928
Q5: The city of New Haven has been known for it various sport teams for how long?
A5: 19th century
Q6: What famous NFL team played in New Haven own stadium in the 70s?
A6: New York Giants
Q7: The city has couple of sport stadium which one of them was torn down in 20th century?
A7: New Haven Arena
Q8: In modern day which of the stadiums have continue to host minor sport leagues?
A8: Yale Field
Q9: How long has  Yale Field been open and active?
A9: 1928–present