LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Topic: History

FBI records show that 85% of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed "subversive", including communist and socialist organizations; organizations and individuals associated with the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Congress of Racial Equality and other civil rights organizations; black nationalist groups; the American Indian Movement; a broad range of organizations labeled "New Left", including Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen; almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation; the National Lawyers Guild; organizations and individuals associated with the women's rights movement; nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for Puerto Rico, United Ireland, and Cuban exile movements including Orlando Bosch's Cuban Power and the Cuban Nationalist Movement. The remaining 15% of COINTELPRO resources were expended to marginalize and subvert white hate groups, including the Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party.

Q1: What percentage of COINTELPRO resources were targeted at FBI labeled subversive groups?
A1: 85%
Q2: Did the FBI target MLK?
A2: including Martin Luther King, Jr.
Q3: What percentage of COINTELPRO resources were used to target white hate groups?
A3: 15%
Q4: What were the key white hate groups targeted?
A4: Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party
Q5: What was the term for the liberal groups appearing at this time?
A5: New Left
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final. Hans Gamper — now known as Joan Gamper — became club president in 1908, finding the club in financial difficulty after not winning a competition since the Campionat de Catalunya in 1905. Club president on five separate occasions between 1908 and 1925, he spent 25 years in total at the helm. One of his main achievements was ensuring Barça acquire its own stadium and thus generate a stable income.

Q1: In what year did Barcelona win its first trophy? 
A1: 1902
Q2: What was the first cup Barcelona won?
A2: Copa Macaya
Q3: When did Joan Gamper become the president of the Barcelona club?
A3: 1908
Q4: How many times between 1908 and 1925 was Gamper president?
A4: five
Q5: Why did Gamper want Barcelona to acquire a stadium of its own?
A5: stable income
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

FC Barcelona's all-time highest goalscorer in all competitions (including friendlies) is Lionel Messi with 474 goals. Messi is also the all-time highest goalscorer for Barcelona in all official competitions, excluding friendlies, with 445 goals. He is the record goalscorer for Barcelona in European (82 goals) and international club competitions (90 goals), and the record league scorer with 305 goals in La Liga. Four players have managed to score over 100 league goals at Barcelona: Lionel Messi (305), César Rodríguez (192), László Kubala (131) and Samuel Eto'o (108).

Q1: What is Lionel Messi's goal total in all competitions?
A1: 474
Q2: How many players on the Barelona team have scored over 100 goals?
A2: Four
Q3: What is Messi's total goal scores in official competitions?
A3: 445
Q4: How many goals has Messi scored in La Liga competitions?
A4: 305
Q5: Who is the next highest goal scorer after Mess?
A5: César Rodríguez
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

FDR's New Deal programs often contained equal opportunity clauses stating "no discrimination shall be made on account of race, color or creed",:11 but the true forerunner to affirmative action was the Interior Secretary of the time, Harold L. Ickes. Ickes prohibited discrimination in hiring for Public Works Administration funded projects and oversaw not only the institution of a quota system, where contractors were required to employ a fixed percentage of Black workers, by Robert C. Weaver and Clark Foreman,:12 but also the equal pay of women proposed by Harry Hopkins.:14FDR's largest contribution to affirmative action, however, lay in his Executive Order 8802 which prohibited discrimination in the defense industry or government.:22 The executive order promoted the idea that if taxpayer funds were accepted through a government contract, then all taxpayers should have an equal opportunity to work through the contractor.:23–4 To enforce this idea, Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) with the power to investigate hiring practices by government contractors.:22

Q1: Who was the true backer of the cause of affirmative action?
A1: Harold L. Ickes
Q2: What position of power did Harold L. Ickes hold?
A2: Interior Secretary
Q3: The first introduction of a quota system mandated that contractors had to do what?
A3: employ a fixed percentage of Black workers
Q4: Which piece of legislation prevented any discrimination in the defense industry and government?
A4: Executive Order 8802
Q5: What does the FEPC stand for?
A5: Fair Employment Practices Committee
Title: Transistor
Topic: Engineering and technology

FETs are divided into two families: junction FET (JFET) and insulated gate FET (IGFET). The IGFET is more commonly known as a metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET), reflecting its original construction from layers of metal (the gate), oxide (the insulation), and semiconductor. Unlike IGFETs, the JFET gate forms a p–n diode with the channel which lies between the source and drain. Functionally, this makes the n-channel JFET the solid-state equivalent of the vacuum tube triode which, similarly, forms a diode between its grid and cathode. Also, both devices operate in the depletion mode, they both have a high input impedance, and they both conduct current under the control of an input voltage.

Q1: How many groups are FETs split into?
A1: two
Q2: What are the names of the groups of FETs
A2: junction FET (JFET) and insulated gate FET (IGFET)
Q3: What is the common term for an IFGET?
A3: a metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET)
Q4: How is a JFET different from an IGFET?
A4: the JFET gate forms a p–n diode with the channel
Q5: What mode do both JFET and IGFET operate in?
A5: depletion mode
Title: Transistor
Topic: Engineering and technology

FETs are further divided into depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types, depending on whether the channel is turned on or off with zero gate-to-source voltage. For enhancement mode, the channel is off at zero bias, and a gate potential can "enhance" the conduction. For the depletion mode, the channel is on at zero bias, and a gate potential (of the opposite polarity) can "deplete" the channel, reducing conduction. For either mode, a more positive gate voltage corresponds to a higher current for n-channel devices and a lower current for p-channel devices. Nearly all JFETs are depletion-mode because the diode junctions would forward bias and conduct if they were enhancement-mode devices; most IGFETs are enhancement-mode types.

Q1: How are FET's separated?
A1: depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types
Q2: At what point is a channel off in enhancement-mode?
A2: at zero bias
Q3: At what point is a channel on in depletion-mode?
A3: at zero bias
Q4: What channel corresponds with high current?
A4: n-channel devices
Q5: What channel corresponds with low current?
A5: p-channel devices
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and military. It was strongly supported by the Central Asian republics, which needed the economic advantages of a common market to prosper. However, it would have meant some degree of continued Communist Party control over economic and social life.

Q1: What was Gorbachev attempting to decentralize? 
A1: Soviet Union
Q2: What was supposed to be signed on August 20?
A2: New Union Treaty
Q3: Who supported the treaty?
A3: Central Asian republics,
Q4: What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed?
A4: Communist Party
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

Faced with the stripping of their powers, Wu Sangui, later joined by Geng Zhongming and by Shang Kexi's son Shang Zhixin, felt they had no choice but to revolt. The ensuing Revolt of the Three Feudatories lasted for eight years. Wu attempted, ultimately in vain, to fire the embers of south China Ming loyalty by restoring Ming customs, ordering that the resented queues be cut, and declaring himself emperor of a new dynasty. At the peak of the rebels' fortunes, they extended their control as far north as the Yangtze River, nearly establishing a divided China. Wu then hesitated to go further north, not being able to coordinate strategy with his allies, and Kangxi was able to unify his forces for a counterattack led by a new generation of Manchu generals. By 1681, the Qing government had established control over a ravaged southern China which took several decades to recover. Manchu Generals and Bannermen were initially put to shame by the better performance of the Han Chinese Green Standard Army, who fought better than them against the rebels and this was noted by Kangxi, leading him to task Generals Sun Sike, Wang Jinbao, and Zhao Liangdong to lead Green Standard Soldiers to crush the rebels. The Qing thought that Han Chinese were superior at battling other Han people and so used the Green Standard Army as the dominant and majority army in crushing the rebels instead of Bannermen. Similarly, in northwestern China against Wang Fuchen, the Qing used Han Chinese Green Standard Army soldiers and Han Chinese Generals such as Zhang Liangdong, Wang Jinbao, and Zhang Yong as the primary military forces. This choice was due to the rocky terrain, which favoured infantry troops over cavalry, to the desire to keep Bannermen in the reserves, and, again, to the belief that Han troops were better at fighting other Han people. These Han generals achieved victory over the rebels. Also due to the mountainous terrain, Sichuan and southern Shaanxi were also retaken by the Han Chinese Green Standard Army under Wang Jinbao and Zhao Liangdong in 1680, with Manchus only participating in dealing with logistics and provisions. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers and 150,000 Bannermen served on the Qing side during the war. 213 Han Chinese Banner companies, and 527 companies of Mongol and Manchu Banners were mobilized by the Qing during the revolt. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.

Q1: How long did the Revolt of the Three Feudatories last?
A1: eight years
Q2: Who declared himself emperor?
A2: Wu
Q3: When did the Qing regain power over southern China?
A3: 1681
Q4: Who did the Qing think were the better soldiers to battle Han Chinese?
A4: other Han people
Q5: How many Green Standard Army soldiers  were on the Qing side?
A5: 400,000
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

Faced with this loss of business, Valencia suffered a severe economic crisis. This manifested early in 1519–1523 when the artisan guilds known as the Germanies revolted against the government of the Habsburg king Charles I in Valencia, now part of the Crown of Aragon, with most of the fighting done in 1521. The revolt was an anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the Italian republics, and a social revolt against the nobility who had fled the city before an epidemic of plague in 1519. It also bore a strong anti-Islamic aspect, as rebels rioted against Aragon's population of mudéjars and imposed forced conversions to Christianity.

Q1: Whose government did the guilds rebel against?
A1: Charles I
Q2: When did the guilds' rebellion take place?
A2: 1519–1523
Q3: What caused the nobility to leave Valencia?
A3: plague
Q4: From where did the anti-monarchists get inspiration?
A4: Italian republics
Q5: What were the artisan guilds called?
A5: the Germanies
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Fachhochschule is a German type of tertiary education institution and adopted later in Austria and Switzerland. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.

Q1: What's the German word for a tertiary education institution?
A1: Fachhochschule
Q2: In addition to Bachelor's degrees, what other kind of degree can one earn from a Fachhochschule?
A2: master's degrees
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Fachhochschulen were first founded in the early 1970s. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.

Q1: Fachhochschulen first came about in the early years of what decade?
A1: 1970s
Q2: Fachhochschulen favor an education in what, as opposed to research?
A2: teaching
Q3: In addition to technology, Fachhochschulen offer courses in social science, medicine, design, and what other discipline?
A3: business
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Facial hair in males normally appears in a specific order during puberty: The first facial hair to appear tends to grow at the corners of the upper lip, typically between 14 to 17 years of age. It then spreads to form a moustache over the entire upper lip. This is followed by the appearance of hair on the upper part of the cheeks, and the area under the lower lip. The hair eventually spreads to the sides and lower border of the chin, and the rest of the lower face to form a full beard. As with most human biological processes, this specific order may vary among some individuals. Facial hair is often present in late adolescence, around ages 17 and 18, but may not appear until significantly later. Some men do not develop full facial hair for 10 years after puberty. Facial hair continues to get coarser, darker and thicker for another 2–4 years after puberty.

Q1: When do the first facial hairs present in pubescent males?
A1: between 14 to 17 years of age
Q2: For how long does facial hair continue to get darker, coarser, and thicker?
A2: 2–4 years after puberty
Q3: Where does facial hair first present during puberty?
A3: corners of the upper lip
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

Factories and mines were not the only places where child labour was prevalent in the early 20th century. Home-based manufacturing across the United States and Europe employed children as well. Governments and reformers argued that labour in factories must be regulated and the state had an obligation to provide welfare for poor. Legislation that followed had the effect of moving work out of factories into urban homes. Families and women, in particular, preferred it because it allowed them to generate income while taking care of household duties.

Q1: Why would families perfer labour done at the home as opposed to the factory?
A1: because it allowed them to generate income while taking care of household duties.
Q2: Early 20th century states began to have a responsiblity to take care of whom?
A2: poor
Q3: Children were employed in the home, factories and were else in the 20th century?
A3: mines
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

Falling prices also resulted in homes worth less than the mortgage loan, providing a financial incentive to enter foreclosure. The ongoing foreclosure epidemic that began in late 2006 in the U.S. continues to drain wealth from consumers and erodes the financial strength of banking institutions. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally.

Q1: What year did the foreclosure epidemic begin?
A1: late 2006
Q2: How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices?
A2: trillions of U.S. dollars
Q3: What is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan?
A3: foreclosure
Q4: What other financial instruments had significant defaults and losses as a result of the crisis expanding from housing to other parts of the economy?
A4: other loan types
Q5: What continues to drain consumer wealth and erode the strength of banks?
A5: foreclosure epidemic
Title: Neolithic
Topic: History

Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC. These structures (and their later counterparts such as causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge) required considerable time and labour to construct, which suggests that some influential individuals were able to organise and direct human labour — though non-hierarchical and voluntary work remain possibilities.

Q1: What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life?
A1: the household
Q2: What time period were the huge circular ditches found in?
A2: 4800 BC and 4600 BC
Q3: What did the ditches later evolve into?
A3: causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge
Q4: What features about the ditches suggests that it was built by people under a leader's command?
A4: required considerable time and labour to construct
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

Families throughout Han China made ritual sacrifices of animals and food to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples and shrines, in the belief that these items could be utilized by those in the spiritual realm. It was thought that each person had a two-part soul: the spirit-soul (hun 魂) which journeyed to the afterlife paradise of immortals (xian), and the body-soul (po 魄) which remained in its grave or tomb on earth and was only reunited with the spirit-soul through a ritual ceremony. These tombs were commonly adorned with uniquely decorated hollow clay tiles that function also as a doorjamb to the tomb. Otherwise known as tomb tiles, these artifacts feature holes in the top and bottom of the tile allowing it to pivot. Similar tiles have been found in the Chengdu area of Sichuan province in south-central China.

Q1: What type of decoration was often seen in tombs?
A1: hollow clay tiles
Q2: What could be used to prevent a door from closing in a place of burial?
A2: hollow clay tiles
Q3: What was the afterlife of the immortals called during this period?
A3: xian
Q4: What is the commonly held notion regarding the dual nature of the soul called?
A4: two-part soul
Q5: What function did the holes in the top and bottom of the tomb tiles enable them to do?
A5: allowing it to pivot
Title: Communication
Topic: Language and literature

Family communication study looks at topics such as family rules, family roles or family dialectics and how those factors could affect the communication between family members. Researchers develop theories to understand communication behaviors. Family communication study also digs deep into certain time periods of family life such as marriage, parenthood or divorce and how communication stands in those situations. It is important for family members to understand communication as a trusted way which leads to a well constructed family.

Q1: What is some factors in family communication that could affect communication between family members?
A1: family rules, family roles or family dialectics
Q2: What are some time periods that family communication study looks at?
A2: marriage, parenthood or divorce
Q3: What does trusted communication in a family lead to?
A3: a well constructed family
Title: Asthma
Topic: Natural sciences

Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4, SPINK5, LTC4S, IL4R and ADAM33, among others. Many of these genes are related to the immune system or modulating inflammation. Even among this list of genes supported by highly replicated studies, results have not been consistent among all populations tested. In 2006 over 100 genes were associated with asthma in one genetic association study alone; more continue to be found.

Q1: What else is a risk factor for asthma?
A1: Family history
Q2: If one identical twin has asthma, what are the odds of the other twin having asthma?
A2: approximately 25%
Q3: How many genes were associated with asthma by the end of 2005?
A3: 25 genes
Q4: What else are these genes closely related to?
A4: the immune system or modulating inflammation
Q5: How many genes were associated with asthma in 2006?
A5: over 100 genes
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

Fans of professional wrestling have their own subculture, comparable to those of science fiction, video games, or comic books (in some cases, the "fandoms" overlap; in recent years, some professional wrestlers, particularly those who nurture an anti-establishment rebel persona, such as CM Punk, have made guest appearances at comic book conventions). Those who are interested in the backstage occurrences, future storylines, and reasonings behind company decisions read newsletters written by journalists with inside ties to the wrestling industry. These "rags" or "dirt sheets" have expanded into the Internet, where their information can be dispensed on an up-to-the-minute basis. Some have expanded into radio shows.

Q1: What do the fans have?
A1: their own subculture
Q2: What sometimes happens with fandoms? 
A2: overlap
Q3: Where have some wrestlers appeared?
A3: comic book conventions
Title: Pope_John_XXIII
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Far from being a mere "stopgap" pope, to great excitement, John XXIII called for an ecumenical council fewer than ninety years after the First Vatican Council (Vatican I's predecessor, the Council of Trent, had been held in the 16th century). This decision was announced on 29 January 1959 at the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who later became Pope Paul VI, remarked to Giulio Bevilacqua that "this holy old boy doesn't realise what a hornet's nest he's stirring up". From the Second Vatican Council came changes that reshaped the face of Catholicism: a comprehensively revised liturgy, a stronger emphasis on ecumenism, and a new approach to the world.

Q1: What did John XXIII call for?
A1: an ecumenical council
Q2: When was the decision made for this council?
A2: 29 January 1959
Q3: Where was the decision made for this council?
A3: the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
Q4: Who did Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini later become?
A4: Pope Paul VI
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Farming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism. Grazing and pasture land are limited because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps. In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, where they are watched by herdsmen who stay in the high altitudes often living in stone huts or wooden barns during the summers. Villagers celebrate the day the cows are herded up to the pastures and again when they return in mid-September. The Alpanschluss or Désalpes ("coming down from the alps") is celebrated by decorating the cows with garlands and enormous cowbells while the farmers dress in traditional costumes.

Q1: What has been a traditional occupation for centuries?
A1: Farming
Q2: What made farming less dominant in the 20th century? 
A2: tourism
Q3: Why is pasture land limited? 
A3: because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps
Q4: When are cows moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline?
A4: mid-June
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon.

Q1: What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century?
A1: Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C.
Q2: What professorship did Father Josh Carrier hold at Notre Dame?
A2: Professor of Chemistry and Physics
Q3: What was the lifespan of John Augustine Zahm?
A3: 1851–1921
Q4: What program did John Augustine Zahm come to co-direct at Nore Dame?
A4: the Science Department
Q5: What book did John Zahm write in 1896?
A5: Evolution and Dogma
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Favoring relatives (nepotism) or personal friends (cronyism) of an official is a form of illegitimate private gain. This may be combined with bribery, for example demanding that a business should employ a relative of an official controlling regulations affecting the business. The most extreme example is when the entire state is inherited, as in North Korea or Syria. A lesser form might be in the Southern United States with Good ol' boys, where women and minorities are excluded. A milder form of cronyism is an "old boy network", in which appointees to official positions are selected only from a closed and exclusive social network – such as the alumni of particular universities – instead of appointing the most competent candidate.

Q1: What is it called when relatives are favored over other people?
A1: nepotism
Q2: What is it called when friends are favored over other people?
A2: cronyism
Q3: Cronyism is also when people are selected from a closed and exclusive social network, which is called what?
A3: old boy network
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

Fearing the worst, the Romans began a major mobilization, all but pulling out of recently pacified Spain and Gaul. They even established a major garrison in Sicily in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy. This fear was shared by Rome's Greek allies, who had largely ignored Rome in the years after the Second Macedonian War, but now followed Rome again for the first time since that war. A major Roman-Greek force was mobilized under the command of the great hero of the Second Punic War, Scipio Africanus, and set out for Greece, beginning the Roman-Syrian War. After initial fighting that revealed serious Seleucid weaknesses, the Seleucids tried to turn the Roman strength against them at the Battle of Thermopylae (as they believed the 300 Spartans had done centuries earlier). Like the Spartans, the Seleucids lost the battle, and were forced to evacuate Greece. The Romans pursued the Seleucids by crossing the Hellespont, which marked the first time a Roman army had ever entered Asia. The decisive engagement was fought at the Battle of Magnesia, resulting in a complete Roman victory. The Seleucids sued for peace, and Rome forced them to give up their recent Greek conquests. Although they still controlled a great deal of territory, this defeat marked the decline of their empire, as they were to begin facing increasingly aggressive subjects in the east (the Parthians) and the west (the Greeks). Their empire disintegrated into a rump over the course of the next century, when it was eclipsed by Pontus. Following Magnesia, Rome again withdrew from Greece, assuming (or hoping) that the lack of a major Greek power would ensure a stable peace. In fact, it did the opposite.

Q1: Which town in Italy now housed a large Roman garrison?
A1: Sicily
Q2: Why was a garrison implented in Italy by the Romans?
A2: in case the Seleucids ever got to Italy
Q3: Who had been defeated in the Battle of Thermopylae?
A3: the Seleucids
Q4: Why did the Romans decide to withdraw their forces from Greece?
A4: assuming (or hoping) that the lack of a major Greek power would ensure a stable peace
Q5: What loss started a decline of the Seleucids Empire?
A5: Battle of Magnesia
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Fears decreased when Stalin died in 1953 and Nikita Khruschev emerged as the Soviet Union's new leader. Soon, life in Soviet Armenia began to see rapid improvement. The church, which suffered greatly under Stalin, was revived when Catholicos Vazgen I assumed the duties of his office in 1955. In 1967, a memorial to the victims of the Armenian Genocide was built at the Tsitsernakaberd hill above the Hrazdan gorge in Yerevan. This occurred after mass demonstrations took place on the tragic event's fiftieth anniversary in 1965.

Q1: Who succeeded Stalin?
A1: Nikita Khruschev
Q2: When did Stalin pass away?
A2: 1953
Q3: When did Vazgen acquire his position?
A3: 1955
Q4: Where is the memorial for the Armenian Genocide?
A4: Yerevan
Q5: When was the Armenian Genocide Memorial constructed?
A5: 1967
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Feathers are a feature characteristic of birds (though also present in some dinosaurs not currently considered to be true birds). They facilitate flight, provide insulation that aids in thermoregulation, and are used in display, camouflage, and signaling. There are several types of feathers, each serving its own set of purposes. Feathers are epidermal growths attached to the skin and arise only in specific tracts of skin called pterylae. The distribution pattern of these feather tracts (pterylosis) is used in taxonomy and systematics. The arrangement and appearance of feathers on the body, called plumage, may vary within species by age, social status, and sex.

Q1: What is a feature characteristic of birds?
A1: Feathers
Q2: What feature of a bird facilitate flight?
A2: Feathers
Q3: What is pterylae?
A3: specific tracts of skin
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Feathers being critical to the survival of a bird, require maintenance. Apart from physical wear and tear, feathers face the onslaught of fungi, ectoparasitic feather mites and birdlice. The physical condition of feathers are maintained by preening often with the application of secretions from the preen gland. Birds also bathe in water or dust themselves. While some birds dip into shallow water, more aerial species may make aerial dips into water and arboreal species often make use of dew or rain that collect on leaves. Birds of arid regions make use of loose soil to dust-bathe. A behaviour termed as anting in which the bird encourages ants to run through their plumage is also thought to help them reduce the ectoparasite load in feathers. Many species will spread out their wings and expose them to direct sunlight and this too is thought to help in reducing fungal and ectoparasitic activity that may lead to feather damage.

Q1: Birds preen often with the application of secretions from which gland?
A1: preen gland
Q2: What do birds bathe in?
A2: water or dust
Q3: What is anting?
A3: bird encourages ants to run through their plumage
Q4: What is it called when birds encourage ants to run through their plumage?
A4: anting
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Feathers require maintenance and birds preen or groom them daily, spending an average of around 9% of their daily time on this. The bill is used to brush away foreign particles and to apply waxy secretions from the uropygial gland; these secretions protect the feathers' flexibility and act as an antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the growth of feather-degrading bacteria. This may be supplemented with the secretions of formic acid from ants, which birds receive through a behaviour known as anting, to remove feather parasites.

Q1: How often do birds groom their feathers?
A1: daily
Q2: What percentage of their day do birds groom their feathers?
A2: 9%
Q3: What do birds use to brush away foreign particles?
A3: The bill
Q4: What is the process of removing feather parasites?
A4: anting
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories. However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign system of American federalism (actually tripartite because of the presence of Indian reservations), states are the plenary sovereigns, each with their own constitution, while the federal sovereign possesses only the limited supreme authority enumerated in the Constitution. Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights. Thus, most U.S. law (especially the actual "living law" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis) consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next.

Q1: What comes before state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S states?
A1: Federal law and treaties
Q2: Federal sovereign only possess authority if it is stated in what?
A2: the Constitution
Q3: States may grant their citizens border rights as long as they do not infringe on what?
A3: federal constitutional rights
Q4: Most U.S law, the kind of law we live everyday, consists of what kind of law?
A4: state law
Q5: Does every state have the same laws?
A5: vary greatly from one state to the next.
Q6: Federal law overrides what laws?
A6: conflicting state and territorial laws
Q7: The scope of federal power is not what?
A7: universal
Q8: What type of system is American Federalism?
A8: dual-sovereign system
Q9: American Federalism can also be considered tripartite because of the presence of what?
A9: Indian reservations
Q10: States can grant their people broader rights than those granted in what document?
A10: the federal Constitution
Q11: Is there anything that trumps state law?
A11: Federal law and treaties
Q12: How many state make up the United States?
A12: 50
Q13: Can states grant rights to citizens that are not defined by the constitution?
A13: as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights
Q14: What is day-to-day, operational law considered?
A14: "living law"
Q15: What is living law mostly made up of?
A15: state law
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis.

Q1: What does federal law come from?
A1: the Constitution
Q2: What gives Congress limited power to enact statutes?
A2: the Constitution
Q3: What do you call the official compilation and codification of federal statutes?
A3: The United States Code
Q4: Where are regulations published?
A4: in the Federal Register
Q5: Where are regulations codified into?
A5: Code of Federal Regulations
Q6: Where does federal law begin?
A6: the Constitution
Q7: Who has the power and right to enact statutes for interstate dealings?
A7: Congress
Q8: What is the compilation and codification of all federal statutes?
A8: The United States Code
Q9: Who do the statutes give the power of creating regulations?
A9: executive branch agencies
Q10: Where are the regulations from executive branch agencies found?
A10: the Code of Federal Regulations
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. Each church then sends representatives or commissioners to presbyteries and further to a general assembly. Each greater level of assembly has ruling authority over its constituent members. In this governmental structure, each component has some level of sovereignty over itself. As in political federalism, in presbyterian ecclesiology there is shared sovereignty.

Q1: What is ecclesiology?
A1: the doctrine of the church
Q2: What happens in Presbyterian denominations?
A2: the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial.
Q3: In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology do?
A3: shared sovereignty
Q4: What does each greater level of assembly have?
A4: authority over its constituent members
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederation was dissolved after the Austro-Prussian War and replaced by a North German Federation under Prussian hegemony; this war left Prussia dominant in Germany, and German nationalism would compel the remaining independent states to ally with Prussia in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, and then to accede to the crowning of King Wilhelm of Prussia as German Emperor. The new German Empire included 25 states (three of them, Hanseatic cities) and the imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The empire was dominated by Prussia, which controlled 65% of the territory and 62% of the population. After the territorial losses of the Treaty of Versailles, the remaining states continued as republics of a new German federation. These states were gradually de facto abolished and reduced to provinces under the Nazi regime via the Gleichschaltung process, as the states administratively were largely superseded by the Nazi Gau system.

Q1: The Holy Roman Empire comprised of how many petty states? 
A1: more than 300
Q2: The number of territories was greatly reduced during what?
A2: the Napoleonic Wars
Q3: A North German Federation under Prussian hegemony replaced what confederation?
A3: the German Confederation
Q4: How much of the population did Prussia control?
A4: 62%
Q5: How much of the land did Prussia control?
A5: 65%
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In "Federalist No. 46," James Madison asserted that the states and national government "are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers." Alexander Hamilton, writing in "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit: "If their [the peoples'] rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress." (1)

Q1: What is federalism in the United States?
A1: ederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States
Q2: How has the American government evolved?
A2: American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism.
Q3: What happened in Federalist No.46?
A3: James Madison asserted that the states and national government
Q4: What happened in Federalist No. 28
A4: "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared authority of the states and the federation; the states retain residual legislative authority for all other areas, including "culture", which in Germany includes not only topics such as financial promotion of arts and sciences, but also most forms of education and job training. Though international relations including international treaties are primarily the responsibility of the federal level, the constituent states have certain limited powers in this area: in matters that affect them directly, the states defend their interests at the federal level through the Bundesrat (literally Federal Council, the upper house of the German Federal Parliament) and in areas where they have legislative authority they have limited powers to conclude international treaties "with the consent of the federal government".

Q1: What is an entrenched constitutional principle in Germany?
A1: Federalism
Q2: In Germany, foreign affairs is under the exclusive purvey of what? 
A2: the federation
Q3: What is an example of what states retain authority over?
A3: culture
Q4: The states defend their interests at the federal level through what?
A4: the Bundesrat
Q5: Whose consent do the states need to make international treaties?
A5: the federal government
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status.

Q1: What is federalism? 
A1: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government
Q2: In Federalism, are the division of powers equal? 
A2: division of powers between two levels of government of equal status
Q3: What type of governments are included in federalism? 
A3: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments
Q4: How many governments are apart of federalism?
A4: relationship of parity between the two levels of government
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Federalism, and other forms of territorially autonomy, is generally seen as a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries because it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level. Some scholars have suggested, however, that federalism can divide countries and result in state collapse because it creates proto-states. Still others have shown that federalism is only divisive when it lacks mechanisms tthat encourage political parties to compete across regional boundaries.

Q1: What is federalism seen as? 
A1: a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries
Q2: What does federalism allow?
A2: it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level
Q3: What do scholars think of federalism?
A3: Some scholars have suggested, however, that federalism can divide countries
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

Federally, Boston is split between two congressional districts. The northern three-fourths of the city is in the 7th district, represented by Mike Capuano since 1998. The southern fourth is in the 8th district, represented by Stephen Lynch. Both are Democrats; a Republican has not represented a significant portion of Boston in over a century. The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Elizabeth Warren, first elected in 2012. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Ed Markey, who was elected in 2013 to succeed John Kerry after Kerry's appointment and confirmation as the United States Secretary of State.

Q1: Boston is split between how many congressional districts?
A1: two
Q2: What district is the North 3/4 of the city located in?
A2: the 7th district
Q3: Who represents the 7th district?
A3: Mike Capuano
Q4: What year was Capuano elected?
A4: 1998
Q5: What district is the South fourth of Boston located in?
A5: the 8th district
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Federations often employ the paradox of being a union of states, while still being states (or having aspects of statehood) in themselves. For example, James Madison (author of the US Constitution) wrote in Federalist Paper No. 39 that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both. In its foundation, it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..." This stems from the fact that states in the US maintain all sovereignty that they do not yield to the federation by their own consent. This was reaffirmed by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.

Q1: What does federations often employ?
A1: union of states
Q2: What is federalist paper no. 39?
A2: that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both
Q3: What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39?
A3: it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..
Q4: What is the 10th Amendment in the United States?
A4: which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.