LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Adolescence is frequently characterized by a transformation of an adolescent's understanding of the world, the rational direction towards a life course, and the active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority. An adolescent begins to develop a unique belief system through his or her interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments. While organized religion is not necessarily a part of every adolescent's life experience, youth are still held responsible for forming a set of beliefs about themselves, the world around them, and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in. This process is often accompanied or aided by cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood through a ceremony, ritual, confirmation, or rite of passage.

Q1: Through what means does an adolescent develop a unique belief system?
A1: interaction with social, familial, and cultural environments
Q2: The active seeking of new ideas rather than the unquestioning acceptance of adult authority is known as what stage of development?
A2: Adolescence
Q3: What things are youth responsible for forming a set of beliefs about during adolescence?
A3: themselves, the world around them, and whatever higher powers they may or may not believe in
Q4: Ceremonies, rituals, and confirmations are examples of what?
A4: cultural traditions that intend to provide a meaningful transition to adulthood
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independence while preserving a caring relationship with his or her parents. When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent–child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond. Arguments often concern minor issues of control, such as curfew, acceptable clothing, and the adolescent's right to privacy, which adolescents may have previously viewed as issues over which their parents had complete authority. Parent-adolescent disagreement also increases as friends demonstrate a greater impact on one another, new influences on the adolescent that may be in opposition to parents' values. Social media has also played an increasing role in adolescent and parent disagreements. While parents never had to worry about the threats of social media in the past, it has become a dangerous place for children. While adolescents strive for their freedoms, the unknowns to parents of what their child is doing on social media sites is a challenging subject, due to the increasing amount of predators on social media sites. Many parents have very little knowledge of social networking sites in the first place and this further increases their mistrust. An important challenge for the parent–adolescent relationship is to understand how to enhance the opportunities of online communication while managing its risks. Although conflicts between children and parents increase during adolescence, these are just relatively minor issues. Regarding their important life issues, most adolescents still share the same attitudes and values as their parents.

Q1: At what stage do parents see their children as equals?
A1: early adolescence
Q2: During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond?
A2: puberty
Q3: During puberty and adolescence, do most children share the same or different attitudes and values as their parents?
A3: same
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Adolescence marks a time of sexual maturation, which manifests in social interactions as well. While adolescents may engage in casual sexual encounters (often referred to as hookups), most sexual experience during this period of development takes place within romantic relationships. Adolescents can use technologies and social media to seek out romantic relationships as they feel it is a safe place to try out dating and identity exploration. From these social media encounters, a further relationship may begin. Kissing, hand holding, and hugging signify satisfaction and commitment. Among young adolescents, "heavy" sexual activity, marked by genital stimulation, is often associated with violence, depression, and poor relationship quality. This effect does not hold true for sexual activity in late adolescence that takes place within a romantic relationship. Some research suggest that there are genetic causes of early sexual activity that are also risk factors for delinquency, suggesting that there is a group who are at risk for both early sexual activity and emotional distress. For old adolescents, though, sexual activity in the context of romantic relationships was actually correlated with lower levels of deviant behavior after controlling for genetic risks, as opposed to sex outside of a relationship (hook-ups)

Q1: Casual sexual encounters are often referred to as what?
A1: hookups
Q2: Do most sexual experiences during adolescence take place within or seperate from romantic relationships?
A2: within
Q3: Where do some adolescents feel is a safe place to seek out romantic relationships, try out dating and indentity exploration?
A3: social media
Q4: What seperates "heavy" sexual activity from other forms of affection?
A4: genital stimulation
Q5: For older adolescents, is sexual activity in a romantic relationship associated with lower or higher levels of deviant behavior?
A5: lower
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self toward the ideal self (who the adolescent wishes to be) and away from the feared self (who the adolescent does not want to be). For many, these distinctions are uncomfortable, but they also appear to motivate achievement through behavior consistent with the ideal and distinct from the feared possible selves.

Q1: How can the ideal self be described in terms of the adolescent?
A1: who the adolescent wishes to be
Q2: How can the feared self be described in terms of the adolescent?
A2: who the adolescent does not want to be
Q3: Do adolescents demonstrate intended behavior moving towards the ideal or feared self?
A3: ideal
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Adolescents tend to associate with "cliques" on a small scale and "crowds" on a larger scale. During early adolescence, adolescents often associate in cliques, exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close. Despite the common notion that cliques are an inherently negative influence, they may help adolescents become socially acclimated and form a stronger sense of identity. Within a clique of highly athletic male-peers, for example, the clique may create a stronger sense of fidelity and competition. Cliques also have become somewhat a "collective parent," i.e. telling the adolescents what to do and not to do. Towards late adolescence, cliques often merge into mixed-sex groups as teenagers begin romantically engaging with one another. These small friend groups then break down further as socialization becomes more couple-oriented. On a larger scale, adolescents often associate with crowds, groups of individuals who share a common interest or activity. Often, crowd identities may be the basis for stereotyping young people, such as jocks or nerds. In large, multi-ethnic high schools, there are often ethnically-determined crowds. While crowds are very influential during early and middle adolescence, they lose salience during high school as students identify more individually.

Q1: Do adolescents associate with "cliques" on a large or small scale?
A1: small
Q2: How are cliques defined?
A2: exclusive, single-sex groups of peers with whom they are particularly close
Q3: What are the positive effects that cliques may have on an adolescent?
A3: help adolescents become socially acclimated and form a stronger sense of identity
Q4: Do adolescents associate with "crowds" on a large or small scale?
A4: larger
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Adolescents' thinking is less bound to concrete events than that of children: they can contemplate possibilities outside the realm of what currently exists. One manifestation of the adolescent's increased facility with thinking about possibilities is the improvement of skill in deductive reasoning, which leads to the development of hypothetical thinking. This provides the ability to plan ahead, see the future consequences of an action and to provide alternative explanations of events. It also makes adolescents more skilled debaters, as they can reason against a friend's or parent's assumptions. Adolescents also develop a more sophisticated understanding of probability.

Q1: Are adolescents or children more bound to concrete events?
A1: children
Q2: Deductive reasoning leads to the development of what type of thinking?
A2: hypothetical
Q3: What type of thinking provides the ability to plan ahead and makes adolescents more skilled debaters?
A3: hypothetical
Q4: Adolescents develop a more sophisticated understanding of what mathematical concept thanks to their increased hypothetical thinking abilties?
A4: probability
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Adolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless employment of the Luftwaffe against the heart of the British will to resist could and would follow when the moment was right; however, he quickly developed a lively scepticism toward strategic bombing, confirmed by the results of the Blitz. He frequently complained of the Luftwaffe's inability to damage industries sufficiently, saying, "The munitions industry cannot be interfered with effectively by air raids ... usually the prescribed targets are not hit".

Q1: What year was the beginning of enemy bombing first promoted by Hitler?
A1: 1930s
Q2: Who had skepticism towards strategic bombing? 
A2: Adolf Hitler
Q3: Why did Hitler feel bombing wasn't working?
A3: inability to damage industries
Q4: In 1939 Hitler said bombing of Britain would begin when?
A4: the moment was right
Q5: Why did Hitler feel the Luftwaffe was unsuccessful in bombing raids?
A5: prescribed targets are not hit
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.

Q1: Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?
A1: urban AC
Q2: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?
A2: songcraft and sophistication
Q3: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?
A3: Philly soul
Q4: During what decade was smooth soul popular?
A4: 1970s
Q5: Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?
A5: sequencers
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usually feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).

Q1: What type of song is frequently seen in the adult contemporary genre?
A1: romantic sentimental ballads
Q2: Along with synthesizers, what electronic instruments sometimes appear in modern adult contemporary?
A2: drum machines
Q3: What general type of instruments tend to be used in adult contemporary?
A3: acoustic
Q4: What electric instrument is often seen in adult contemporary?
A4: bass guitar
Q5: Along with being faint, what characteristic is usually present in electric guitars used in adult contemporary?
A5: high-pitched
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.

Q1: Along with pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock, what musical style influenced adult contemporary?
A1: easy listening
Q2: What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s?
A2: soft rock
Q3: What type of adult contemporary music was popular in the 1960s?
A3: vocal
Q4: What does the acronym AC stand for?
A4: Adult contemporary
Q5: Along with easy listening, adult contemporary is a modern day continuation of what style of music?
A5: soft rock
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure.

Q1: Along with harmonies, what aspect of music is emphasized in adult contemporary?
A1: melody
Q2: What is the typical structure of an adult contemporary song?
A2: verse–chorus structure
Q3: With what broader style of music does adult contemporary share its structure?
A3: pop music
Q4: Along with being pleasurable, what trait makes adult contemporary appropriate for background music?
A4: inoffensive
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as "rock and roll" stations. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17, 1961, with 20 songs; the first number one was "Boll Weevil Song" by Brook Benton. The chart described itself as "not too far out in either direction".

Q1: From what decade of easy listening radio does adult contemporary trace its heritage?
A1: 1960s
Q2: Generally speaking, what percentage of music on easy listening stations was instrumental?
A2: 70-80%
Q3: On what date was the Billboard easy listening chart first published?
A3: July 17, 1961
Q4: How many songs were on the first Billboard easy listening chart?
A4: 20
Q5: Who performed the first #1 on the easy listening chart?
A5: Brook Benton
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

Adult insects typically move about by walking, flying, or sometimes swimming (see below, Locomotion). As it allows for rapid yet stable movement, many insects adopt a tripedal gait in which they walk with their legs touching the ground in alternating triangles. Insects are the only invertebrates to have evolved flight. Many insects spend at least part of their lives under water, with larval adaptations that include gills, and some adult insects are aquatic and have adaptations for swimming. Some species, such as water striders, are capable of walking on the surface of water. Insects are mostly solitary, but some, such as certain bees, ants and termites, are social and live in large, well-organized colonies. Some insects, such as earwigs, show maternal care, guarding their eggs and young. Insects can communicate with each other in a variety of ways. Male moths can sense the pheromones of female moths over great distances. Other species communicate with sounds: crickets stridulate, or rub their wings together, to attract a mate and repel other males. Lampyridae in the beetle order Coleoptera communicate with light.

Q1: What is the term for the gait of an insect characterized by walking in alternating triangles?
A1: tripedal
Q2: What larval adaptation is common to underwater insects?
A2: gills
Q3: What species of insect has the capability to walk on the surface of water?
A3: water striders
Q4: What do crickets do in order to attract or repel a mate?
A4: stridulate
Q5: What variation of beetle in the Coleoptera order communicate by way of light?
A5: Lampyridae
Q6: Insects move by walking, flying, and what else?
A6: swimming
Q7: Which insects walk, fly, and swim?
A7: Adult
Q8: Insects walk the ground in alternating what?
A8: triangles
Q9: Insects walking in an alternating triangle is called a what?
A9: tripedal gait
Q10: What can insects do with each other in a variety of ways?
A10: communicate
Title: Carnival
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Adults have a meringue battle at midnight at the historic Plaça de les Cols. In the mysterious sortida del Moixo Foguer (the outing of Little-Bird-Bonfire) accompanied by the Xerraire (jabberer) who insults the crowd. In the King's precession he and his concubines scandalize the town with their sexual behavior. A correfoc (fire run) or Devil's dance (Ball de diables, features dancing youth amid the sparks and explosions of the ritual crew of devils. Other items includes bed races in the streets, the debauched Nit dels Mascarots, Karaoke sausage roasts, xatonades, the children's party, Vidalet, the last night of revelry, Vidalot, the talking-dance of the Mismatched Couples (Ball de Malcasats) and the children's King Caramel whose massive belly, long nose and sausage-like hair hint at his insatiable appetites.

Q1: What sort of battle do the adults have at midnight?
A1: meringue
Q2: Who throws insults at the crowd?
A2: the Xerraire
Q3: What behavior scandalizes the town?
A3: sexual
Q4: Who creates sparks and explosions?
A4: ritual crew of devils
Q5: Who is the children's King?
A5: Caramel
Title: Hindu_philosophy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Advaita literally means "not two, sole, unity". It is a sub-school of Vedanta, and asserts spiritual and universal non-dualism. Its metaphysics is a form of absolute monism, that is all ultimate reality is interconnected oneness. This is the oldest and most widely acknowledged Vedantic school. The foundational texts of this school are the Brahma Sutras and the early Upanishads from the 1st millennium BCE. Its first great consolidator was the 8th century scholar Adi Shankara, who continued the line of thought of the Upanishadic teachers, and that of his teacher's teacher Gaudapada. He wrote extensive commentaries on the major Vedantic scriptures and is celebrated as one of the major Hindu philosophers from whose doctrines the main currents of modern Indian thought are derived.

Q1: What means 
A1: Advaita
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

Advanced economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis with "emerging" and "developing" economies lagging behind. The crisis completely overturned this relationship. The International Monetary Fund found that "advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP while emerging and developing economies accounted for 69% of global GDP from 2007 to 2014. In the tables, the names of emergent economies are shown in boldface type, while the names of developed economies are in Roman (regular) type.

Q1: Who led global economic growth after the financial crisis?
A1: "emerging" and "developing" economies
Q2: How much global GDP did emerging and developing economies account for from 2007 to 2014?
A2: 69%
Q3: How much global GDP did "advanced" economies account for from 2007 to 2014?
A3: 31%
Q4: What economies led global economic growth prior to the financial crisis?
A4: Advanced economies
Q5: What relationship between advanced and emerging/developing was completely overturned by the financial crisis of 2007?
A5: global economic growth
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

Advances in understanding genes and inheritance continued throughout the 20th century. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s. The structure of DNA was studied by Rosalind Franklin using X-ray crystallography, which led James D. Watson and Francis Crick to publish a model of the double-stranded DNA molecule whose paired nucleotide bases indicated a compelling hypothesis for the mechanism of genetic replication. Collectively, this body of research established the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA. This dogma has since been shown to have exceptions, such as reverse transcription in retroviruses. The modern study of genetics at the level of DNA is known as molecular genetics.

Q1: What was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s?
A1: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Q2: Who studied the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography?
A2: Rosalind Franklin
Q3: What two scientists published a model of the double stranded DNA molecule?
A3: James D. Watson and Francis Crick
Q4: What is one exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?
A4: reverse transcription in retroviruses
Q5: What is the modern study of genetics at the level of DNA known as?
A5: molecular genetics
Title: Muslim_world
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century. Hormuz was an important center for this trade. There was also a dense network of trade routes in the Mediterranean, along which Muslim countries traded with each other and with European powers such as Venice, Genoa and Catalonia. The Silk Road crossing Central Asia passed through Muslim states between China and Europe.

Q1: What was the windmill used for?
A1: irrigation and farming
Q2: which crops were brought to europe from the Muslim World?
A2: almonds and citrus fruit
Q3: Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly controlled by whom?
A3: Arab merchants
Q4: When did the Portuguese arrive in the Indian Ocean?
A4: 16th century
Q5: Where was an important center of Indian Ocean trading in the 16th century?
A5: Hormuz
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Q1: Who was Luís de Camões?
A1: Adventurer and poet
Q2: What epic poem did Luís de Camões write?
A2: "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)
Q3: What was Luís de Camões main influence?
A3: Virgil's Aeneid
Q4: What styles are modern Portuguese poetry rooted in?
A4: neoclassic and contemporary styles
Q5: Who are some modern Portuguese authors?
A5: Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

Advertising is common in healthcare journals as well as through more mainstream media routes. In some countries, notably the US, they are allowed to advertise directly to the general public. Pharmaceutical companies generally employ sales people (often called 'drug reps' or, an older term, 'detail men') to market directly and personally to physicians and other healthcare providers. In some countries, notably the US, pharmaceutical companies also employ lobbyists to influence politicians. Marketing of prescription drugs in the US is regulated by the federal Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987.

Q1: "Drug reps" are usually hired by what type of firms?
A1: Pharmaceutical companies
Q2: What law regulates drug marketing in the US?
A2: Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987
Q3: Who do drug reps market to?
A3: directly and personally to physicians
Title: Gymnastics
Topic: Sports and recreation

Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.

Q1: What was aerobic gymnastics called orginally?
A1: Sport Aerobics
Q2: What does aerobic gymnastiscs involve?
A2: the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness
Q3: How many people can be in a routine?
A3: individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people
Q4: What is the size of the mat?
A4: 7x7m
Q5: How long do the routines last?
A5: Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

Aeromedical Evacuation is "the movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation" (JP 1-02). JP 4-02, Health Service Support, further defines it as "the fixed wing movement of regulated casualties to and between medical treatment facilities, using organic and/or contracted mobility airframes, with aircrew trained explicitly for this mission." Aeromedical evacuation forces can operate as far forward as fixed-wing aircraft are able to conduct airland operations.

Q1: What is the movement of patients who need medical attention called?
A1: Aeromedical Evacuation
Q2: Who coordinates the deployment of thee Aeromedical Evacuation? 
A2: Health Service Support
Q3: Where does the Aeromedical Evacuation team transport casualties? 
A3: to and between medical treatment facilities
Q4: Who operates and is able to conduct airland missions? 
A4: Aeromedical evacuation forces
Title: Gymnastics
Topic: Sports and recreation

Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are used on the floor area. The sport requires physical qualities such as flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm where movements of the body are emphasized through the flow, expression and aesthetic appeal. A good performance is characterized by uniformity and simultaneity. The competition program consists of versatile and varied body movements, such as body waves, swings, balances, pivots, jumps and leaps, dance steps, and lifts. The International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) was established in 2003.

Q1: What does AGG stand for?
A1: Aesthetic Group Gymnastics
Q2: Why is AGG different than Rhythmic Gymnastics? 
A2: body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger'
Q3: Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions?
A3: do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions
Q4: What physical qualities are needed for rhythmic gymastics? 
A4: flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm
Q5: What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established?
A5: 2003
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Affirmative action in the United States tends to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to racial minorities, Native Americans, and women who have been historically excluded groups in America. Reports have shown that minorities and women have faced discrimination in schools and businesses for many years and this discrimination produced unfair advantages for whites and males in education and employment. The impetus toward affirmative action is redressing the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Further impetus is a desire to ensure public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.

Q1: Outside of employment, what is the other main issue that affirmative action focuses on?
A1: education
Q2: Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and women?
A2: racial minorities
Q3: Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in advantages for what group of people?
A3: whites and males
Q4: Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?
A4: are more representative of the populations they serve
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Affirmative action is a subject of controversy. Some policies adopted as affirmative action, such as racial quotas or gender quotas for collegiate admission, have been criticized as a form of reverse discrimination, and such implementation of affirmative action has been ruled unconstitutional by the majority opinion of Gratz v. Bollinger. Affirmative action as a practice was upheld by the Supreme Court's decision in Grutter v. Bollinger in 2003. Affirmative action policies were developed in order to correct decades of discrimination stemming from the Reconstruction Era by granting disadvantaged minorities opportunities. Many believe that the diversity of current American society suggests that affirmative action policies succeeded and are no longer required. Opponents of affirmative action argue that these policies are outdated and lead to reverse discrimination which entails favoring one group over another based upon racial preference rather than achievement.

Q1: What is another example aside from racial quotes of affirmative action for collegiate admissions?
A1: gender quotas
Q2: Having quotas regarding admissions or employment has been criticized and said to be what kind of discrimination?
A2: reverse
Q3: What case determined that some implementation of affirmative action was unconstitutional?
A3: Gratz v. Bollinger
Q4: In which time period did discrimination policies originate from?
A4: Reconstruction Era
Q5: What do critics of affirmative action believe should be the main factor in hiring?
A5: achievement
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch, about 40 Ma Australia-New Guinea separated from Antarctica, so that latitudinal currents could isolate Antarctica from Australia, and the first ice began to appear. During the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event about 34 million years ago, CO2 levels have been found to be about 760 ppm and had been decreasing from earlier levels in the thousands of ppm.

Q1: In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica?
A1: Jurassic
Q2: When was Antarctica still joined to Australia?
A2: end of the Cretaceous
Q3: What type of climate did Antarctica have in the Cretaceous period?
A3: subtropical
Q4: When did Australia separate from Antarctica?
A4: Eocene epoch
Q5: After the division from Australia, what began to appear?
A5: ice
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

African Americans made up 41 percent of death row inmates while making up only 12.6 percent of the general population. (They have made up 34 percent of those actually executed since 1976.) However, that number is lower than that of prison inmates, which is 47 percent. According to the US Department of Justice, African Americans accounted for 52.5% of homicide offenders from 1980 to 2008, with whites 45.3% and Native Americans and Asians 2.2%. This means African Americans are less likely to be executed on a per capita basis. However, according to a 2003 Amnesty International report, blacks and whites were the victims of murder in almost equal numbers, yet 80 percent of the people executed since 1977 were convicted of murders involving white victims. 13.5% of death row inmates are of Hispanic or Latino descent, while they make up 17.4% of the general population.

Q1: What percentage of American death row prisoners are African American?
A1: 41
Q2: What percentage of people executed in the United States since 1976 have been African American?
A2: 34
Q3: What percentage of American prison inmates are African American?
A3: 47
Q4: What percentage of homicides were committed by Asians between 1980 and 2008?
A4: 2.2%
Q5: What percentage of the American population is Hispanic?
A5: 17.4%
Title: Presbyterianism
Topic: History

African Presbyterian churches often incorporate diaconal ministries, including social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals. A number of partnerships exist between presbyteries in Africa and the PC(USA), including specific connections with Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Ghana and Zambia. For example, the Lackawanna Presbytery, located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, has a partnership with a presbytery in Ghana. Also the Southminster Presbyterian Church, located near Pittsburgh, has partnerships with churches in Malawi and Kenya. The Presbyterian Church of Nigeria, western Africa is also healthy and strong in mostly the southern states of this nation, strong density in the south-eastern states of this country. Beginning from Cross River state, the nearby coastal states, Rivers state, Lagos state to Ebonyi and Abia States. The missionary expedition of Mary Slessor and Hope Waddel and their group in the mid 18th century in this coastal regions of the ten British colony has brought about the beginning and the flourishing of this church in these areas.

Q1: Which  services to most African Presbyterian churches offer?
A1: social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals
Q2: The Southminster Presbyterian Church in Pittsburg has partnerships with churches in which two countries?
A2: Malawi and Kenya
Q3: Which two missionaries help bring Presbyterian churches in the south eastern states?
A3: Mary Slessor and Hope Waddel
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North America are estimated to have landed at Sullivan's Island, just off the port of Charles Town; it is described as a "hellish Ellis Island of sorts .... Today nothing commemorates that ugly fact but a simple bench, established by the author Toni Morrison using private funds."

Q1: What author paid for the simple bench at Sullivan's Island?
A1: Toni Morrison
Q2: What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island?
A2: 40%
Q3: What stage of the slave trade provided slaves to Charles Town?
A3: Middle Passage
Q4: What peoples were brought to Charles Town to be slaves?
A4: Africans
Q5: Which African coast did many slaves that were sold in Charles Town come from?
A5: Windward Coast
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today, there are an estimated 683,000 Afro-Spaniards in Spain.

Q1: What are Afro-Spaniards?
A1: Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent
Q2: Where do Afro-Spaniards come from?
A2: Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal
Q3: Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside?
A3: Equatorial Guinea
Q4: How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain?
A4: an estimated 683,000
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

After 12 years as commissioner of the AFL, David Baker retired unexpectedly on July 25, 2008, just two days before ArenaBowl XXII; deputy commissioner Ed Policy was named interim commissioner until Baker's replacement was found. Baker explained, "When I took over as commissioner, I thought it would be for one year. It turned into 12. But now it's time."

Q1: Who was the commissioner of the Arena Football League for the first half of 2008?
A1: David Baker
Q2: For how many years did David Baker serve as commissioner of the AFL?
A2: 12
Q3: On what date did Baker step down as commissioner of the AFL?
A3: July 25, 2008
Q4: What Arena Football League event occurred two days after Baker's resignation?
A4: ArenaBowl XXII
Q5: Who temporarily served in the commissioner's post after Baker's departure?
A5: Ed Policy
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16–17 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova. After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year.

Q1: How long was Broz in the hospital?
A1: 13 months
Q2: Where was Broz's work camp?
A2: Ural Mountains
Q3: What position was he selected for at work camp?
A3: camp leader
Q4: Where did Broz flee to after a White counteroffensive?
A4: Kirgiziya
Q5: Where did Broz marry Belousova?
A5: Omsk
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

After 14 years as editor, William Rees-Mogg resigned the post upon completion of the change of ownership. Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement. One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March–May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition. This allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times to be reduced by half. However, direct input of text by journalists ("single stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.

Q1: When The Times was bought in 1982, who resigned as editor?
A1: William Rees-Mogg
Q2: How many years as an editor was editor who resigned from The Times in 1982?
A2: 14 years
Q3: In 1982, what is the name of the editor who replaced the previous editor of The Times?
A3: Harold Evans
Q4: What printing process for The Times was replaced by computers in 1982?
A4: hot-metal Linotype printing process
Q5: In 1982, the allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times was reduced by how much?
A5: half
Title: Humanism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

After 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin translations with a view to correcting errors and discrepancies in the latter. Erasmus, along with the French humanist Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, began issuing new translations, laying the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. Henceforth Renaissance humanism, particularly in the German North, became concerned with religion, while Italian and French humanism concentrated increasingly on scholarship and philology addressed to a narrow audience of specialists, studiously avoiding topics that might offend despotic rulers or which might be seen as corrosive of faith. After the Reformation, critical examination of the Bible did not resume until the advent of the so-called Higher criticism of the 19th-century German Tübingen school.

Q1: When are these texts first able to reach a large amount of people?
A1: Erasmus
Q2:  Erasmus can be said to have lit the match that sparked a radical change in thinking in his era along with who?
A2: Lefèvre d'Étaples
Q3: What text still remained without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 18th century?
A3: the Bible
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

After 1800, cotton and tobacco became important export crops. The eastern half of the state, especially the Tidewater region, developed a slave society based on a plantation system and slave labor. Many free people of color migrated to the frontier along with their European-American neighbors, where the social system was looser. By 1810, nearly 3 percent of the free population consisted of free people of color, who numbered slightly more than 10,000. The western areas were dominated by white families, especially Scots-Irish, who operated small subsistence farms. In the early national period, the state became a center of Jeffersonian and Jacksonian democracy, with a strong Whig presence, especially in the West. After Nat Turner's slave uprising in 1831, North Carolina and other southern states reduced the rights of free blacks. In 1835 the legislature withdrew their right to vote.

Q1: After what year did cotton and tobacco become important crops in North Carolina?
A1: After 1800
Q2: The Tidewater region was in what half of North Carolina?
A2: eastern
Q3: What region of North Carolina used slave labor and developed a slave society?
A3: the Tidewater region
Q4: Where did free black people migrate to because of the looser social system?
A4: the frontier
Q5: By 1810, what percentage of the free population was black?
A5: 3
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

After 1857, the colonial government strengthened and expanded its infrastructure via the court system, legal procedures, and statutes. The Indian Penal Code came into being. In education, Thomas Babington Macaulay had made schooling a priority for the Raj in his famous minute of February 1835 and succeeded in implementing the use of English as the medium of instruction. By 1890 some 60,000 Indians had matriculated. The Indian economy grew at about 1% per year from 1880 to 1920, and the population also grew at 1%. However, from 1910s Indian private industry began to grow significantly. India built a modern railway system in the late 19th century which was the fourth largest in the world. The British Raj invested heavily in infrastructure, including canals and irrigation systems in addition to railways, telegraphy, roads and ports. However, historians have been bitterly divided on issues of economic history, with the Nationalist school arguing that India was poorer at the end of British rule than at the beginning and that impoverishment occurred because of the British.

Q1: What did the Colonial government expand by legal means?
A1: infrastructure
Q2: What new law was created?
A2: Indian Penal Code
Q3: Who insisted that schooling be a priority in India?
A3: Thomas Babington Macaulay
Q4: When did India build the forth largest rail system in the world?
A4: late 19th century
Q5: In what feature of management did the British invest heavily?
A5: infrastructure
Title: Great_Plains
Topic: History

After 1870, the new railroads across the Plains brought hunters who killed off almost all the bison for their hides. The railroads offered attractive packages of land and transportation to European farmers, who rushed to settle the land. They (and Americans as well) also took advantage of the homestead laws to obtain free farms. Land speculators and local boosters identified many potential towns, and those reached by the railroad had a chance, while the others became ghost towns. In Kansas, for example, nearly 5000 towns were mapped out, but by 1970 only 617 were actually operating. In the mid-20th century, closeness to an interstate exchange determined whether a town would flourish or struggle for business.

Q1: after about what year did railroads bring hunters to the great plains?
A1: 1870
Q2: what animal did hunters kill off for their hides?
A2: bison
Q3: what farmers rushed in to settle the land with the help of the railroads?
A3: European farmers
Q4: what did the railroads offer the farmers that rushed in to settle the area?
A4: packages of land and transportation
Title: Hanover
Topic: History

After 1937 the Lord Mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the NSDAP (Nazi party). A large Jewish population then existed in Hanover. In October 1938, 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to Poland, including the Grynszpan family. However, Poland refused to accept them, leaving them stranded at the border with thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees, fed only intermittently by the Polish Red Cross and Jewish welfare organisations. The Gryszpan's son Herschel Grynszpan was in Paris at the time. When he learned of what was happening, he drove to the German embassy in Paris and shot the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath, who died shortly afterwards.

Q1: What does the NSDAP stand for?
A1: Nazi party
Q2: After which year did the Lord Mayor join the NSDAP?
A2: 1937
Q3: How many Hanoverian Jews were expelled in 1938?
A3: 484
Q4: Who assassinated the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath?
A4: Herschel Grynszpan
Q5: Which city was the German diplomat in when he got assassinated?
A5: Paris