LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Antibiotics
Topic: History

The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all nontherapeutic uses.[citation needed] However, commonly there are delays in regulatory and legislative actions to limit the use of antibiotics, attributable partly to resistance against such regulation by industries using or selling antibiotics, and to the time required for research to test causal links between their use and resistance to them. Two federal bills (S.742 and H.R. 2562) aimed at phasing out nontherapeutic use of antibiotics in US food animals were proposed, but have not passed. These bills were endorsed by public health and medical organizations, including the American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA).

Q1: When did the EU ban antibiotics for speeding up growth?
A1: 2003
Q2: What report caused the UK to worry about resistance?
A2: Swann report 1969
Q3: What 3 US organizations have called for the banning of antibiotics in the production of food animals?
A3: American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)
Q4: Name two US bills that want to ban antibiotics in food production?
A4: S.742 and H.R. 2562
Q5: What 3 medical associations supported the bills?
A5: American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA)
Title: Antibiotics
Topic: History

The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics. Under certain conditions, it may result in preferential growth of resistant bacteria, while growth of susceptible bacteria is inhibited by the drug. For example, antibacterial selection for strains having previously acquired antibacterial-resistance genes was demonstrated in 1943 by the Luria–Delbrück experiment. Antibiotics such as penicillin and erythromycin, which used to have a high efficacy against many bacterial species and strains, have become less effective, due to the increased resistance of many bacterial strains.

Q1: What does emergence of resistance reflect?
A1: evolutionary processes
Q2: What is the purpose of antibiotic treatment?
A2: survive high doses of antibiotics
Q3: When was antibacterial-resistance demonstrated?
A3: 1943
Q4: Who made the demonstration in 1943?
A4: Luria–Delbrück
Q5: What is a modern common occurence with antibiotics?
A5: resistance of bacteria
Q6: What is resistance to antibiotics a cause of?
A6: evolution
Q7: When was the Luria-Delbruck experiment?
A7: 1943
Q8: Which two antibiotics that have high efficacy are much less useful now?
A8: penicillin and erythromycin
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symmachus (d. 402) were rejected. Christianity became increasingly popular. Heretics as well as non-Christians were subject to exclusion from public life or persecution, but Rome's original religious hierarchy and many aspects of its ritual influenced Christian forms, and many pre-Christian beliefs and practices survived in Christian festivals and local traditions.

Q1: What emperor tried to revive traditional religious practices?
A1: Julian
Q2: What was proclaimed the state religion under Theodosius I?
A2: Nicene Christianity
Q3: What pleas were rejected by the empire?
A3: religious tolerance
Q4: What group was excluded or persecuted by the empire?
A4: Heretics
Q5: What aspects of Roman religion influenced Christian forms?
A5: ritual
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in AD 1911.

Q1: When did the Qing dynasty fall?
A1: AD 1911
Q2: What innovation was acquired from the Qin?
A2: commanderies
Q3: What philosphy in education was sanctioned by the Chinese court?
A3: Confucianism
Q4: What was an attributing factor that caused kingdoms to lose their Independence during the Han dynasty?
A4: the Rebellion of the Seven States
Q5: What class did a majority of appointed ministers come from during the Han dynasty?
A5: scholarly gentry
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

The empire went into decline thereafter. The Mughals suffered several blows due to invasions from Marathas and Afghans. During the decline of the Mughal Empire, several smaller states rose to fill the power vacuum and themselves were contributing factors to the decline. In 1737, the Maratha general Bajirao of the Maratha Empire invaded and plundered Delhi. Under the general Amir Khan Umrao Al Udat, the Mughal Emperor sent 8,000 troops to drive away the 5,000 Maratha cavalry soldiers. Baji Rao, however, easily routed the novice Mughal general and the rest of the imperial Mughal army fled. In 1737, in the final defeat of Mughal Empire, the commander-in-chief of the Mughal Army, Nizam-ul-mulk, was routed at Bhopal by the Maratha army. This essentially brought an end to the Mughal Empire. In 1739, Nader Shah, emperor of Iran, defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal. After this victory, Nader captured and sacked Delhi, carrying away many treasures, including the Peacock Throne. The Mughal dynasty was reduced to puppet rulers by 1757. The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also called the 1857 War of Independence, and the remains of the empire were formally taken over by the British while the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj.

Q1: What groups invaded and damaged the Mughals?
A1: Marathas and Afghans
Q2: Who attacked and plundered Delhi in 1737?
A2: Maratha general Bajirao
Q3: Who was the final Commander-in-chief of the Mughal army?
A3: Nizam-ul-mulk
Q4: What was the site of the final battle for the Mughals?
A4: Bhopal
Q5: What was the Indian Rebellion of 1857 also called?
A5: 1857 War of Independence
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

The enclosed compound of the Narayanhity Palace Museum is in the north-central part of Kathmandu. "Narayanhity" comes from Narayana, a form of the Hindu god Lord Vishnu, and Hiti, meaning "water spout" (Vishnu's temple is located opposite the palace, and the water spout is located east of the main entrance to the precinct). Narayanhity was a new palace, in front of the old palace built in 1915, and was built in 1970 in the form of a contemporary Pagoda. It was built on the occasion of the marriage of King Birenda Bir Bikram Shah, then heir apparent to the throne. The southern gate of the palace is at the crossing of Prithvipath and Darbar Marg roads. The palace area covers (30 hectares (74 acres)) and is fully secured with gates on all sides. This palace was the scene of the Nepali royal massacre. After the fall of the monarchy, it was converted to a museum.

Q1: Where in Kathmandu is Narayanhity Palace Museum located?
A1: north-central
Q2: In what year was Narayanhity constructed?
A2: 1970
Q3: Whose marriage led to the construction of Narayanhity?
A3: Birenda Bir Bikram Shah
Q4: How many acres is the Narayanhity Palace?
A4: 74
Q5: What god is Narayana?
A5: Vishnu
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

The end for the Laemmles came with a lavish version of Show Boat (1936), a remake of its earlier 1929 part-talkie production, and produced as a high-quality, big-budget film rather than as a B-picture. The new film featured several stars from the Broadway stage version, which began production in late 1935, and unlike the 1929 film was based on the Broadway musical rather than the novel. Carl, Jr.'s spending habits alarmed company stockholders. They would not allow production to start on Show Boat unless the Laemmles obtained a loan. Universal was forced to seek a $750,000 production loan from the Standard Capital Corporation, pledging the Laemmle family's controlling interest in Universal as collateral. It was the first time Universal had borrowed money for a production in its 26-year history. The production went $300,000 over budget; Standard called in the loan, cash-strapped Universal could not pay, Standard foreclosed and seized control of the studio on April 2, 1936.

Q1: In what year was Universal's ill-fated film version of Show Boat released?
A1: 1936
Q2: In what year had Universal previously made a version of Show Boat?
A2: 1929
Q3: What was the amount of the production loan Universal sought to complete Show Boat?
A3: $750,000
Q4: Who granted Universal the production loan?
A4: the Standard Capital Corporation
Q5: When did the Standard Capital Corporation take control of Universal?
A5: April 2, 1936
Title: United_States_Army
Topic: History

The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.

Q1: What war occurred after the end of World War II?
A1: Cold War
Q2: In what year were corps V and corps VII reactivated?
A2: 1950
Q3: How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Europe?
A3: four
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic.

Q1: What is the formal name for the closing protocol of a treaty?
A1: the eschatocol
Q2: What typically follows the signatures in a treaty?
A2: the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s)
Q3: How is the date typically written in a treaty?
A3: its most formal, longest possible form
Q4: What is the nature of the different versions of a treaty executed in multiple languages?
A4: equally authentic
Q5: A clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof" typically signals what in a treaty?
A5: The end
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function. Furthermore, even within a single nation state or culture there can be different ages at which an individual is considered (chronologically and legally) mature enough for society to entrust them with certain privileges and responsibilities. Such milestones include driving a vehicle, having legal sexual relations, serving in the armed forces or on a jury, purchasing and drinking alcohol, voting, entering into contracts, finishing certain levels of education, and marriage. Adolescence is usually accompanied by an increased independence allowed by the parents or legal guardians, including less supervision as compared to preadolescence.

Q1: Is adolescence usually accompanied by increased parental supervision or increased independence?
A1: independence
Q2: Is the end of adolescence and beginning of adulthood easily agreed upon or does it vary by country?
A2: varies by country
Q3: Do milestones such as driving a vechile, serving on a jury, voting, and marriage all have a common age of responsibility?
A3: different ages
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity.

Q1: What was banned that led to the demise of medieval drama?
A1: religious plays
Q2: In what year did Elizabeth I ban religious plays?
A2: 1558
Q3: In what year were religious plays banned in the Netherlands?
A3: 1539
Q4: What types of subjects did dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned?
A4: secular
Q5: Where were religious plays banned in 1548?
A5: Paris
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

The end of the 19th century marks the start of psychology as a scientific enterprise. The year 1879 is commonly seen as the start of psychology as an independent field of study. In that year Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research (in Leipzig). Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in memory studies), Ivan Pavlov (who discovered classical conditioning), William James, and Sigmund Freud. Freud's influence has been enormous, though more as cultural icon than a force in scientific psychology.

Q1: What was the beginning of psychology classified as?
A1: a scientific enterprise
Q2: What year is most commonly referred to as the beginning of psychology?
A2: 1879
Q3: Who has the first lab completely dedicated to psychology?
A3: Wilhelm Wundt
Q4: What did Hermann Ebbinghaus study?
A4: memory studies
Q5: What was Ivan Pavlov known for?
A5: classical conditioning
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

The end of the Dark Ages is traditionally dated to 776 BC, the year of the first Olympic Games. The Iliad and the Odyssey, the foundational texts of Western literature, are believed to have been composed by Homer in the 8th or 7th centuries BC With the end of the Dark Ages, there emerged various kingdoms and city-states across the Greek peninsula, which spread to the shores of the Black Sea, Southern Italy (Latin: Magna Graecia, or Greater Greece) and Asia Minor. These states and their colonies reached great levels of prosperity that resulted in an unprecedented cultural boom, that of classical Greece, expressed in architecture, drama, science, mathematics and philosophy. In 508 BC, Cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in Athens.

Q1: When did the Olympic Game begin?
A1: 776 BC
Q2: The literary work "The Odyssey:, was written by whom?
A2: Homer
Q3: What year is considered the be the last of the Dark Ages?
A3: 776 BC
Q4: Magna Graecia is Latin for what term?
A4: Greater Greece
Q5: In what year is Democracy considered to have begun?
A5: 508 BC
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

The end of the Porfiriato came in 1910 with the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. Díaz had stated that Mexico was ready for democracy and he would step down to allow other candidates to compete for the presidency, but Díaz decided to run again in 1910 for the last time against Francisco I. Madero. During the campaign Díaz incarcerated Madero on election day in 1910. Díaz was announced the winner of the election by a landslide, triggering the revolution. Madero supporter Toribio Ortega took up arms with a group of followers at Cuchillo Parado, Chihuahua on November 10, 1910.

Q1: The Porfiriato ended in which year?
A1: 1910
Q2: The beginning of what ended the Porfiriato?
A2: Mexican Revolution
Q3: Who stated that Mexico was ready for a Democracy and that he would step down?
A3: Díaz
Q4: Who was incarcerated while running against Diaz?
A4: Madero
Q5: Who took up arms in support of Madero?
A5: Toribio Ortega
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the 19th century, Bermuda remained, in the eyes of London, a base more than a colony. The Crown strengthened its political and economic ties to Bermuda, and the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished.

Q1: What event caused major changes in Bermuda?
A1: end of the war
Q2: Why did defence infrastructure become the major source of Bermuda's economy?
A2: buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda,
Q3: How does the British crown view Bermuda?
A3: a base more than a colony
Q4: What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons?
A4: the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

The end result is that the resonant antenna will efficiently feed a signal into the transmission line only when the source signal's frequency is close to that of the design frequency of the antenna, or one of the resonant multiples. This makes resonant antenna designs inherently narrowband, and they are most commonly used with a single target signal. They are particularly common on radar systems, where the same antenna is used for both broadcast and reception, or for radio and television broadcasts, where the antenna is working with a single frequency. They are less commonly used for reception where multiple channels are present, in which case additional modifications are used to increase the bandwidth, or entirely different antenna designs are used.

Q1:  If your were unable to match the source frequency with the design frequency of the antenna what could you use?
A1: resonant multiples
Q2: What is the most common application of resonant antennas?
A2: single target signal
Q3: What antenna setup type is generally used for TV viewing?
A3: resonant
Q4: For use with more than one channel changes are made to increase what property?
A4: bandwidth
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below.

Q1: Where is Valencia used instead of Catalan?
A1: Valencian Community
Q2: What are Catalan and Valencian the names for?
A2: the same language
Q3: What affect does  different pronunciations in the two areas of Catalan speakers produce?
A3: dialects
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

The energy density per unit volume of both liquid hydrogen and compressed hydrogen gas at any practicable pressure is significantly less than that of traditional fuel sources, although the energy density per unit fuel mass is higher. Nevertheless, elemental hydrogen has been widely discussed in the context of energy, as a possible future carrier of energy on an economy-wide scale. For example, CO
2 sequestration followed by carbon capture and storage could be conducted at the point of H
2 production from fossil fuels. Hydrogen used in transportation would burn relatively cleanly, with some NOx emissions, but without carbon emissions. However, the infrastructure costs associated with full conversion to a hydrogen economy would be substantial. Fuel cells can convert hydrogen and oxygen directly to electricity more efficiently than internal combustion engines.

Q1: What form of hydrogen has been discussed as a ussage for fuel?
A1: elemental
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

The energy levels of hydrogen can be calculated fairly accurately using the Bohr model of the atom, which conceptualizes the electron as "orbiting" the proton in analogy to the Earth's orbit of the Sun. However, the electromagnetic force attracts electrons and protons to one another, while planets and celestial objects are attracted to each other by gravity. Because of the discretization of angular momentum postulated in early quantum mechanics by Bohr, the electron in the Bohr model can only occupy certain allowed distances from the proton, and therefore only certain allowed energies.

Q1: What model id used to calculate energy levels of hydrogen?
A1: Bohr model
Q2: What attracts planets and celestial items?
A2: gravity
Q3: What does the electromagnetic force attract to one another?
A3: electrons and protons
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

The engagement was not without controversy: Philip had no financial standing, was foreign-born (though a British subject who had served in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War), and had sisters who had married German noblemen with Nazi links. Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her. He was a prince without a home or kingdom. Some of the papers played long and loud tunes on the string of Philip's foreign origin." Elizabeth's mother was reported, in later biographies, to have opposed the union initially, even dubbing Philip "The Hun". In later life, however, she told biographer Tim Heald that Philip was "an English gentleman".

Q1: Where did Philip serve during WWII?
A1: Royal Navy
Q2: To whom did Philip's sisters marry?
A2: German noblemen
Q3: What did Elizabeth's mother call Philip?
A3: "The Hun"
Q4: What did Elizabeth's mother later say that Philip was?
A4: "an English gentleman"
Q5: What did Crawford report that some of the King's advisers thought of Philip?
A5: good enough
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for Fox Broadcasting Company. American Idol and fellow competing shows Survivor and Who Wants to Be a Millionaire were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and Idol became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades).

Q1: For how many years was American Idol the highest rated reality show on television?
A1: 9
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically and historically accurate and reliable and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all their beliefs, although sociologist Andrew Holden's ethnographic study of the religion concluded that pronouncements of the Governing Body, through Watch Tower Society publications, carry almost as much weight as the Bible. Regular personal Bible reading is frequently recommended; Witnesses are discouraged from formulating doctrines and "private ideas" reached through Bible research independent of Watch Tower Society publications, and are cautioned against reading other religious literature. Adherents are told to have "complete confidence" in the leadership, avoid skepticism about what is taught in the Watch Tower Society's literature, and "not advocate or insist on personal opinions or harbor private ideas when it comes to Bible understanding." The religion makes no provision for members to criticize or contribute to official teachings and all Witnesses must abide by its doctrines and organizational requirements.

Q1: What is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God?
A1: The entire Protestant canon
Q2: What do Jehovah Witnesses consider the science and history within the Bible to be?
A2: accurate
Q3: Whose pronouncements within Jehovah Witnesses group are considered to carry almost as much weight as the Bible?
A3: the Governing Body
Q4: What are members of Jehovah Witnesses cautioned against reading?
A4: other religious literature
Q5: What is there no provision for members of the Jehovah Witnesses to do in relation to the official teachings?
A5: criticize or contribute
Title: Mammal
Topic: Natural sciences

The epidermis is typically 10 to 30 cells thick; its main function is to provide a waterproof layer. Its outermost cells are constantly lost; its bottommost cells are constantly dividing and pushing upward. The middle layer, the dermis, is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. The dermis is made up of many components, such as bony structures and blood vessels. The hypodermis is made up of adipose tissue. Its job is to store lipids, and to provide cushioning and insulation. The thickness of this layer varies widely from species to species.

Q1: What is the typical thickness of the epidermis?
A1: 10 to 30 cells thick
Q2: What is the main function of the epidermis?
A2: to provide a waterproof layer
Q3: How much more thicker is the dermis to the epidermis?
A3: 15 to 40 times thicker
Q4: What is the dermis mainly consist of?
A4: bony structures and blood vessels
Q5: What does the Hyperdermis consist of?
A5: adipose tissue
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

The epistemological tensions between scientists and universities were also heightened by the economic realities of research during this time, as individual scientists, associations and universities were vying for limited resources. There was also competition from the formation of new colleges funded by private benefactors and designed to provide free education to the public, or established by local governments to provide a knowledge hungry populace with an alternative to traditional universities. Even when universities supported new scientific endeavors, and the university provided foundational training and authority for the research and conclusions, they could not compete with the resources available through private benefactors.

Q1: Scientists and universities were competing for what?
A1: limited resources
Q2: What type of education did private benefactors hope to provide to the public?
A2: free
Q3:  Governments created universities to serve as what?
A3: an alternative to traditional universities
Q4: What type of entity created competition with government created universities?
A4: private benefactors
Title: Mesozoic
Topic: History

The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The Mesozoic was a time of significant tectonic, climate and evolutionary activity. The era witnessed the gradual rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea into separate landmasses that would eventually move into their current positions. The climate of the Mesozoic was varied, alternating between warming and cooling periods. Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Non-avian dinosaurs appeared in the Late Triassic and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates early in the Jurassic, occupying this position for about 135 million years until their demise at the end of the Cretaceous. Birds first appeared in the Jurassic, having evolved from a branch of theropod dinosaurs. The first mammals also appeared during the Mesozoic, but would remain small—less than 15 kg (33 lb)—until the Cenozoic.

Q1: At what point did the Mesozoic era begin?
A1: Permian–Triassic extinction
Q2: When did the Mesozoic end?
A2: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction
Q3: What kind of geologic activity occurred during the Mesozoic?
A3: tectonic
Q4: Besides climate changes, what other important activity occurred during the Mesozoic?
A4: evolutionary
Q5: When mamals appeared they remained small until what period?
A5: Cenozoic
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

The era of manufactured fibers began with the development of rayon in France in the 1890s. Rayon is derived from a natural cellulose and cannot be considered synthetic, but requires extensive processing in a manufacturing process, and led the less expensive replacement of more naturally derived materials. A succession of new synthetic fibers were introduced by the chemicals industry in the following decades. Acetate in fiber form was developed in 1924. Nylon, the first fiber synthesized entirely from petrochemicals, was introduced as a sewing thread by DuPont in 1936, followed by DuPont's acrylic in 1944. Some garments were created from fabrics based on these fibers, such as women's hosiery from nylon, but it was not until the introduction of polyester into the fiber marketplace in the early 1950s that the market for cotton came under threat. The rapid uptake of polyester garments in the 1960s caused economic hardship in cotton-exporting economies, especially in Central American countries, such as Nicaragua, where cotton production had boomed tenfold between 1950 and 1965 with the advent of cheap chemical pesticides. Cotton production recovered in the 1970s, but crashed to pre-1960 levels in the early 1990s.

Q1: What was the first manufactured fiber?
A1: rayon
Q2: When was rayon first made in France?
A2: 1890s
Q3: What type of industry produced a growing chain of synthetic fibers?
A3: chemicals industry
Q4: What was manufactured completely from petrochemicals?
A4: Nylon
Q5: What company produced nylon and acrylic in the 1930s and 1940s?
A5: DuPont
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The era of mass persecution and execution of heretics under the banner of Christianity came to an end in 1826 with the last execution of a "heretic", Cayetano Ripoll, by the Catholic Inquisition.

Q1: What year did the deaths of heretics under Christianity come to an end?
A1: 1826
Q2: Who was the last heretic put to death under the Catholic Inquisition?
A2: Cayetano Ripoll
Title: Himachal_Pradesh
Topic: Social sciences and society

The era of planning in Himachal Pradesh started 1948 along with the rest of India. The first five-year plan allocated ₹ 52.7 million to Himachal. More than 50% of this expenditure was incurred on road construction since it was felt that without proper transport facilities, the process of planning and development could not be carried to the people, who mostly lived an isolated existence in far away areas. Himachal now ranks fourth in respect of per capita income among the states of the Indian Union.

Q1: When did the era of planning start in Himachal Pradesh?
A1: 1948
Q2: How much was allocated?
A2: ₹ 52.7 million
Q3: What kind of plan was it?
A3: five-year plan
Q4: Where does Himachal Pradesh rank in per capita?
A4: fourth
Q5: What was more than 50% used on?
A5: road construction
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

The era saw Libya's return to the international arena. In 1999, Libya began secret talks with the British government to normalise relations. In 2001, Gaddafi condemned the September 11 attacks on the U.S. by al-Qaeda, expressing sympathy with the victims and calling for Libyan involvement in the War on Terror against militant Islamism. His government continued suppressing domestic Islamism, at the same time as Gaddafi called for the wider application of sharia law. Libya also cemented connections with China and North Korea, being visited by Chinese President Jiang Zemin in April 2002. Influenced by the events of the Iraq War, in December 2003, Libya renounced its possession of weapons of mass destruction, decommissioning its chemical and nuclear weapons programs. Relations with the U.S. improved as a result, while UK Prime Minister Tony Blair met with Gaddafi in the Libyan desert in March 2004. The following month, Gaddafi travelled to the headquarters of the European Union (EU) in Brussels, signifying improved relations between Libya and the EU, the latter ending its remaining sanctions in October. In October 2010, the EU paid Libya €50 million to stop African migrants passing into Europe; Gaddafi encouraged the move, saying that it was necessary to prevent the loss of European cultural identity to a new "Black Europe". Removed from the U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism in 2006, Gaddafi nevertheless continued his anti-western rhetoric, and at the Second Africa-South America Summit in Venezuela in September 2009, joined Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in calling for an "anti-imperialist" front across Africa and Latin America. Gaddafi proposed the establishment of a South Atlantic Treaty Organization to rival NATO. That month he also addressed the United Nations General Assembly in New York for the first time, using it to condemn "western aggression". In Spring 2010, Gaddafi proclaimed jihad against Switzerland after Swiss police accused two of his family members of criminal activity in the country, resulting in the breakdown of bilateral relations.

Q1: What world leader notably visited Libya in 2002?
A1: Jiang Zemin
Q2: What conflict prompted Libya to end its nuclear weapons program?
A2: Iraq War
Q3: What world leader visited Gaddafi in 2004?
A3: Tony Blair
Q4: In what city is the EU headquarters located?
A4: Brussels
Q5: How much money did Libya receive to stem the flow of African migrants into Europe?
A5: €50 million
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

The essence of air defence is to detect hostile aircraft and destroy them. The critical issue is to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space; an attack must not only match these three coordinates, but must do so at the time the target is at that position. This means that projectiles either have to be guided to hit the target, or aimed at the predicted position of the target at the time the projectile reaches it, taking into account speed and direction of both the target and the projectile.

Q1: What is the first purpose of air defence?
A1: detect hostile aircraft
Q2: What is the second purpose of air defence?
A2: destroy them
Q3: What is the critical issue in air defence?
A3: to hit a target moving in three-dimensional space
Q4: Projectiles must either be guided to the target or aimed where?
A4: at the predicted position of the target at the time the projectile reaches it
Q5: What two things must be considered in regards to the projectile and target?
A5: speed and direction
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The essence of the information processing approach is to try to understand brain function in terms of information flow and implementation of algorithms. One of the most influential early contributions was a 1959 paper titled What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain: the paper examined the visual responses of neurons in the retina and optic tectum of frogs, and came to the conclusion that some neurons in the tectum of the frog are wired to combine elementary responses in a way that makes them function as "bug perceivers". A few years later David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel discovered cells in the primary visual cortex of monkeys that become active when sharp edges move across specific points in the field of view—a discovery for which they won a Nobel Prize. Follow-up studies in higher-order visual areas found cells that detect binocular disparity, color, movement, and aspects of shape, with areas located at increasing distances from the primary visual cortex showing increasingly complex responses. Other investigations of brain areas unrelated to vision have revealed cells with a wide variety of response correlates, some related to memory, some to abstract types of cognition such as space.

Q1: The scientific paper, What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain was released in what year?
A1: 1959
Q2: Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery that cells in the visual cortex of monkeys become active when sharp edges move?
A2: David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel
Title: Transistor
Topic: Engineering and technology

The essential usefulness of a transistor comes from its ability to use a small signal applied between one pair of its terminals to control a much larger signal at another pair of terminals. This property is called gain. It can produce a stronger output signal, a voltage or current, which is proportional to a weaker input signal; that is, it can act as an amplifier. Alternatively, the transistor can be used to turn current on or off in a circuit as an electrically controlled switch, where the amount of current is determined by other circuit elements.

Q1: Why is a transistor so useful?
A1: gain
Q2: What is gain?
A2: it can act as an amplifier
Q3: What is an additional use of the transistor?
A3: turn current on or off in a circuit
Q4: What determines the amount of current in an electrically controlled switch?
A4: other circuit elements
Title: Hyderabad
Topic: Geography and places

The establishment of Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL), a public sector undertaking, in 1961 was followed over the decades by many national and global companies opening manufacturing and research facilities in the city. As of 2010[update], the city manufactured one third of India's bulk drugs and 16% of biotechnology products, contributing to its reputation as "India's pharmaceutical capital" and the "Genome Valley of India". Hyderabad is a global centre of information technology, for which it is known as Cyberabad (Cyber City). As of 2013[update], it contributed 15% of India's and 98% of Andhra Pradesh's exports in IT and ITES sectors and 22% of NASSCOM's total membership is from the city. The development of HITEC City, a township with extensive technological infrastructure, prompted multinational companies to establish facilities in Hyderabad. The city is home to more than 1300 IT and ITES firms, including global conglomerates such as Microsoft (operating its largest R&D campus outside the US), Google, IBM, Yahoo!, Dell, Facebook,:3 and major Indian firms including Tech Mahindra, Infosys, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Polaris and Wipro.:3 In 2009 the World Bank Group ranked the city as the second best Indian city for doing business. The city and its suburbs contain the highest number of special economic zones of any Indian city.

Q1: In what year was Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited established?
A1: 1961
Q2: In 2010 what percentage of India's bulk pharmaceuticals were produced in Hyderabad?
A2: one third
Q3: What percentage of Andhra Pradesh's IT infrastructure exports originated from Cyberabad in 2013?
A3: 98%
Q4: How many ITES and IT companies are located in HITEC city?
A4: more than 1300
Q5: What rank within India was HITEC City given by the World Bank Group in 2009?
A5: second best
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The establishment of Ottoman military aviation dates back to between June 1909 and July 1911. The Ottoman Empire started preparing its first pilots and planes, and with the founding of the Aviation School (Tayyare Mektebi) in Yeşilköy on 3 July 1912, the Empire began to tutor its own flight officers. The founding of the Aviation School quickened advancement in the military aviation program, increased the number of enlisted persons within it, and gave the new pilots an active role in the Ottoman Army and Navy. In May 1913 the world's first specialized Reconnaissance Training Program was started by the Aviation School and the first separate reconnaissance division was established.[citation needed] In June 1914 a new military academy, the Naval Aviation School (Bahriye Tayyare Mektebi) was founded. With the outbreak of World War I, the modernization process stopped abruptly. The Ottoman aviation squadrons fought on many fronts during World War I, from Galicia in the west to the Caucasus in the east and Yemen in the south.

Q1: What was the first date that the Ottoman empire had an air-based military unit?
A1: June 1909
Q2: Where was the first Ottoman Aviation school?
A2: Yeşilköy
Q3: On what date was the Aviation School founded?
A3: 3 July 1912
Q4: What happened at the aviation school in May 1913?
A4: the world's first specialized Reconnaissance Training Program was started
Q5: What new military academy was formed in June 1914?
A5: the Naval Aviation School (Bahriye Tayyare Mektebi)
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

The establishment of the Santa Hermandad in 1480, and of the Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia in 1500—a tribunal and executive body directed by the Governor-Captain General as a direct representative of the King—implied initially the submission of the Kingdom to the Crown, after a century of unrest and fiscal insubordination. As a result, from 1480 to 1520 the Kingdom of Galicia contributed more than 10% of the total earnings of the Crown of Castille, including the Americas, well over its economic relevance. Like the rest of Spain, the 16th century was marked by population growth up to 1580, when the simultaneous wars with the Netherlands, France and England hampered Galicia's Atlantic commerce, which consisted mostly in the exportation of sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine.

Q1: Which government body was formed in 1480?
A1: Santa Hermandad
Q2: Which body was formed in 1500?
A2: Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia
Q3: What percentage of Castille's total earnings was Galicia responsible for?
A3: 10%
Q4: Which other countries was Spain at war with during the 16 century?
A4: Netherlands, France and England
Q5: In spite of these wars, which exports did Galicia's Atlantic trade consist of?
A5: sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

The establishment of the Swiss Confederation is traditionally dated to 1 August 1291, which is celebrated annually as the Swiss National Day. The country has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world. In addition to being the birthplace of the Red Cross, Switzerland is home to numerous international organizations, including the second largest UN office. On the European level, it is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably it is not part of the European Union, nor the European Economic Area. However the country does participate in the Schengen Area and the EU's single market through a number of bilateral treaties.

Q1: What is the traditional date of the establishment of the Swiss Confederation?
A1: 1 August 1291
Q2: What year did Switzerland join the United Nations?
A2: 2002
Q3: What country is the birthplace of the Red Cross?
A3: Switzerland
Q4: In what year was Switzerland last involved in a war internationally?
A4: 1815
Q5: What Swiss holiday is celebrated on August 1st every year?
A5: Swiss National Day
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture. The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony) were written in the 8th century BC, becoming the basis of the national religion, ethos, history and mythology. The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi was established in this period.

Q1: What event is believed to be the ethnic basis of the Greeks society?
A1: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism
Q2: When did this event occur ?
A2: development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC.
Q3: What national sporting event was held during this time period still goes on in celebration today ?
A3: the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC,
Q4: What was the foundation for spirituality and church ? 
A4: The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)
Q5: What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ?
A5: Oracle of Apollo at Delphi
Title: Jews
Topic: History

The etymological equivalent is in use in other languages, e.g., يَهُودِيّ yahūdī (sg.), al-yahūd (pl.), and بَنُو اِسرَائِيل banū isrāʼīl in Arabic, "Jude" in German, "judeu" in Portuguese, "juif" in French, "jøde" in Danish and Norwegian, "judío" in Spanish, "jood" in Dutch, etc., but derivations of the word "Hebrew" are also in use to describe a Jew, e.g., in Italian (Ebreo), in Persian ("Ebri/Ebrani" (Persian: عبری/عبرانی‎‎)) and Russian (Еврей, Yevrey). The German word "Jude" is pronounced [ˈjuːdə], the corresponding adjective "jüdisch" [ˈjyːdɪʃ] (Jewish) is the origin of the word "Yiddish". (See Jewish ethnonyms for a full overview.)

Q1: What is the origin of the word Yiddish?
A1: Jude
Q2: What is another word to describe a Jew?
A2: Ebreo
Q3: What is a Russian word used to describe a Jew?
A3: Еврей, Yevrey
Q4: Ebreo is an Italian word derivation of what word?
A4: Hebrew
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

The etymology of the name Bern is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Middle High German. As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft". The bear was the heraldic animal of the seal and coat of arms of Bern from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the Bärengraben dates to the 1440s.

Q1: What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern?
A1: bear
Q2: What live animals did they keep in the Bärengraben?
A2: bears
Q3: What is the earliest that they kept live bears in the Bärengraben?
A3: 1440s.