LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Flowering_plant
Topic: Natural sciences

Recent studies, as by the APG, show that the monocots form a monophyletic group (clade) but that the dicots do not (they are paraphyletic). Nevertheless, the majority of dicot species do form a monophyletic group, called the eudicots or tricolpates. Of the remaining dicot species, most belong to a third major clade known as the magnoliids, containing about 9,000 species. The rest include a paraphyletic grouping of primitive species known collectively as the basal angiosperms, plus the families Ceratophyllaceae and Chloranthaceae.

Q1: What type of groups do monocots form, based on a recent APG studies?
A1: monophyletic
Q2: Eudicots or tricolpates are part of a monophyletic group formed by what species?
A2: dicot
Q3: What third major clade can many dicot species be found in?
A3: magnoliids
Q4: How many species dicot species are magnoliids?
A4: about 9,000
Q5: Basal angiosperms are what type of grouping of primitive species?
A5: paraphyletic
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

Recent years have seen increasing applications of genetic and genomic techniques to the study of the brain  and a focus on the roles of neurotrophic factors and physical activity in neuroplasticity. The most common subjects are mice, because of the availability of technical tools. It is now possible with relative ease to "knock out" or mutate a wide variety of genes, and then examine the effects on brain function. More sophisticated approaches are also being used: for example, using Cre-Lox recombination it is possible to activate or deactivate genes in specific parts of the brain, at specific times.

Q1: What is the most common test subjects for studying of the brain?
A1: mice
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, training, equipment, leadership, and education, personnel, and facilities spectrum. These core functions express the ways in which the Air Force is particularly and appropriately suited to contribute to national security, but they do not necessarily express every aspect of what the Air Force contributes to the nation. It should be emphasized that the core functions, by themselves, are not doctrinal constructs.

Q1: How many core functions did the Air Force reduce its duties down to recently? 
A1: twelve
Q2: What do these core functions of the Air Force express? 
A2: contribute to national security
Q3: What are not considered doctrinal constructs of the Air Force? 
A3: core functions
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

Recessed lighting (often called "pot lights" in Canada, "can lights" or 'high hats" in the US) is popular, with fixtures mounted into the ceiling structure so as to appear flush with it. These downlights can use narrow beam spotlights, or wider-angle floodlights, both of which are bulbs having their own reflectors. There are also downlights with internal reflectors designed to accept common 'A' lamps (light bulbs) which are generally less costly than reflector lamps. Downlights can be incandescent, fluorescent, HID (high intensity discharge) or LED.

Q1: What type of lighting can be mounted in the ceiling to appear flush?
A1: Recessed lighting
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

Reciprocal arrangements allow British and Irish citizens to full voting rights in the two states. Exceptions to this are presidential elections and constitutional referendums in the Republic of Ireland, for which there is no comparable franchise in the other states. In the United Kingdom, these pre-date European Union law, and in both jurisdictions go further than that required by European Union law. Other EU nationals may only vote in local and European Parliament elections while resident in either the UK or Ireland. In 2008, a UK Ministry of Justice report investigating how to strengthen the British sense of citizenship proposed to end this arrangement arguing that, "the right to vote is one of the hallmarks of the political status of citizens; it is not a means of expressing closeness between countries."

Q1: What are the two exceptions to the voting rights in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandand Britain?
A1: presidential elections and constitutional referendums
Q2: In what elections are other Europeans who are living in the United Kingdom or Ireland, allowed to vote in?
A2: local and European Parliament elections
Q3: Which ministry wants to end this type of voting of EU nationals?
A3: UK Ministry of Justice
Q4: What type of arrangement let British and Irish citizens vote in each other's elections?
A4: Reciprocal arrangements
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah (8:7) wrote: "Even the stork in the heavens knows its seasons, and the turtle dove, the swift and the crane keep the time of their arrival."

Q1: Who recorded early records of migration?
A1: Ancient Greek writers
Q2: Where in the bible does it mention migration?
A2: the Book of Job (39:26)
Q3: What bird is mentioned in the book of Job?
A3: hawk
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Recycled papers can be made from 100% recycled materials or blended with virgin pulp, although they are (generally) not as strong nor as bright as papers made from the latter.

Q1: Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp?
A1: virgin
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red clothing was a sign of status and wealth. It was worn not only by cardinals and princes, but also by merchants, artisans and townpeople, particularly on holidays or special occasions. Red dye for the clothing of ordinary people was made from the roots of the rubia tinctorum, the madder plant. This color leaned toward brick-red, and faded easily in the sun or during washing. The wealthy and aristocrats wore scarlet clothing dyed with kermes, or carmine, made from the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects, which lived on the leaves of oak trees in Eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean. The insects were gathered, dried, crushed, and boiled with different ingredients in a long and complicated process, which produced a brilliant scarlet.

Q1: What status did the wearing of red in medieval times represent?
A1: wealth
Q2: On what occasion would townspeople wear red?
A2: holidays
Q3: What root was used for red clothing owned by commoners?
A3: rubia tinctorum
Q4: Outside of sun exposure in what circumstance did pigment made from rubia tinctorum fade?
A4: during washing
Q5: What was carmine made from?
A5: the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at least 1510. Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered. (See red hair).

Q1: What pigment accounts for the majority of color in red hair?
A1: pheomelanin
Q2: There is another part of the face which gets its red color from the pigment pheomelanin, what is it?
A2: the lips
Q3: Aside from pheomelanin what color pigment contributes to red hair?
A3: eumelanin
Q4: In what year can the earliest used of redhead be traced to?
A4: 1510
Q5: What type of temper are people with red hair considered to have?
A5: fiery
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red is associated with dominance in a number of animal species. For example, in mandrills, red coloration of the face is greatest in alpha males, increasingly less prominent in lower ranking subordinates, and directly correlated with levels of testosterone. Red can also affect the perception of dominance by others, leading to significant differences in mortality, reproductive success and parental investment between individuals displaying red and those not. In humans, wearing red has been linked with increased performance in competitions, including professional sport and multiplayer video games. Controlled tests have demonstrated that wearing red does not increase performance or levels of testosterone during exercise, so the effect is likely to be produced by perceived rather than actual performance. Judges of tae kwon do have been shown to favor competitors wearing red protective gear over blue, and, when asked, a significant majority of people say that red abstract shapes are more "dominant", "aggressive", and "likely to win a physical competition" than blue shapes. In contrast to its positive effect in physical competition and dominance behavior, exposure to red decreases performance in cognitive tasks and elicits aversion in psychological tests where subjects are placed in an "achievement" context (e.g. taking an IQ test).

Q1: In alpha male mandrills what party of the body is most red according to their rank?
A1: the face
Q2: Wearing red is connected to what result in humans, in terms of sport?
A2: increased performance
Q3: In what sport have judges been shown to favor athletes wearing red?
A3: tae kwon do
Q4: What is the effect of exposing a human to red when it comes to cognitive skills?
A4: decreases performance
Q5: The amount of red in mandrill males is directly related to levels of what?
A5: testosterone
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red is one of the most common colors used on national flags. The use of red has similar connotations from country to country: the blood, sacrifice, and courage of those who defended their country; the sun and the hope and warmth it brings; and the sacrifice of Christ's blood (in some historically Christian nations) are a few examples. Red is the color of the flags of several countries that once belonged to the former British Empire. The British flag bears the colors red, white, and blue; it includes the cross of Saint George, patron saint of England, and the saltire of Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, both of which are red on white. The flag of the United States bears the colors of Britain, the colors of the French tricolore include red as part of the old Paris coat of arms, and other countries' flags, such as those of Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji, carry a small inset of the British flag in memory of their ties to that country. Many former colonies of Spain, such as Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Peru, and Venezuela, also feature red-one of the colors of the Spanish flag-on their own banners. Red flags are also used to symbolize storms, bad water conditions, and many other dangers. Navy flags are often red and yellow. Red is prominently featured in the flag of the United States Marine Corps.

Q1: In Christian nations what does the color red often become associated with?
A1: Christ's blood
Q2: What cross is on the British flag?
A2: the cross of Saint George
Q3: As it relates to England, who is Saint George?
A3: patron saint of England
Q4: Which US armed force uses red as the main color of its flag?
A4: the United States Marine Corps
Q5: In terms of a beach, why might one see a red flag?
A5: bad water conditions
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red is the color at the end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange and opposite violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620–740 nanometres. Red is one of the additive primary colors of visible light, along with green and blue, which in Red Green Blue (RGB) color systems are combined to create all the colors on a computer monitor or television screen. Red is also one of the subtractive primary colors, along with yellow and blue, of the RYB color space and traditional color wheel used by painters and artists.

Q1: What spectrum of light is red within?
A1: visible light
Q2: Which color is opposite of red on the visible spectrum?
A2: violet
Q3: On the spectrum of light, where is red found?
A3: 620–740 nanometres
Q4: What color is beside red in the visible spectrum of light?
A4: orange
Q5: Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors?
A5: subtractive primary colors
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red is the color most commonly associated with joy and well being. It is the color of celebration and ceremony. A red carpet is often used to welcome distinguished guests. Red is also the traditional color of seats in opera houses and theaters. Scarlet academic gowns are worn by new Doctors of Philosophy at degree ceremonies at Oxford University and other schools. In China, it is considered the color of good fortune and prosperity, and it is the color traditionally worn by brides. In Christian countries, it is the color traditionally worn at Christmas by Santa Claus, because in the 4th century the historic Saint Nicholas was the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra, in modern-day Turkey, and bishops then dressed in red.

Q1: What color gowns are generally worn by recent Doctors of Philosophy at Oxford?
A1: Scarlet
Q2: What good traits is the color red associated with in China?
A2: good fortune and prosperity
Q3: In what century did Saint Nicholas become the influence for red being worn by Santa Claus?
A3: 4th
Q4: Who was Saint Nicholas?
A4: the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra
Q5: In what nation is Myra?
A5: Turkey
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red is the international color of stop signs and stop lights on highways and intersections. It was standarized as the international color at the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968. It was chosen partly because red is the brightest color in daytime (next to orange), though it is less visible at twilight, when green is the most visible color. Red also stands out more clearly against a cool natural backdrop of blue sky, green trees or gray buildings. But it was mostly chosen as the color for stoplights and stop signs because of its universal association with danger and warning.

Q1: In what city did the standardization of red as a color of stop lights occur?
A1: Vienna
Q2: In what year did nations standardize on red as a color for stop lights?
A2: 1968
Q3: At what event did the color red become the standard color of stop lights?
A3: Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968
Q4: Red is the color of stoplights due to its universal affiliation with what?
A4: danger and warning
Q5: At what time is red at its brightest?
A5: daytime
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red is the traditional color of warning and danger. In the Middle Ages, a red flag announced that the defenders of a town or castle would fight to defend it, and a red flag hoisted by a warship meant they would show no mercy to their enemy. In Britain, in the early days of motoring, motor cars had to follow a man with a red flag who would warn horse-drawn vehicles, before the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 abolished this law. In automobile races, the red flag is raised if there is danger to the drivers. In international football, a player who has made a serious violation of the rules is shown a red penalty card and ejected from the game.

Q1: What did a red flag signal in the Middle Ages?
A1: defenders of a town or castle would fight to defend it
Q2: What was the importance of a red flag flown by a warship in the Middle Ages?
A2: they would show no mercy to their enemy
Q3: Which British law forbade cars from following a bearer of a red flag as a warning to horse drawn vehicles?
A3: the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896
Q4: Under what circimstance is a red flag flown in auto racing?
A4: if there is danger to the drivers
Q5: What is a football player shown before being ejected from a match?
A5: a red penalty card
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red is used in modern fashion much as it was used in Medieval painting; to attract the eyes of the viewer to the person who is supposed to be the center of attention. People wearing red seem to be closer than those dressed in other colors, even if they are actually the same distance away. Monarchs, wives of Presidential candidates and other celebrities often wear red to be visible from a distance in a crowd. It is also commonly worn by lifeguards and others whose job requires them to be easily found.

Q1: In what way is red used in contemporary fashion?
A1: to attract the eyes of the viewer to the person
Q2: What is the main impact of people wearing red as it relates to the perception of distance?
A2: People wearing red seem to be closer
Q3: Why do monarchs sometimes wear red?
A3: to be visible from a distance in a crowd
Q4: Some professions require employees to wear red because it allows them to be what?
A4: easily found
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red played an important role in Chinese philosophy. It was believed that the world was composed of five elements: metal, wood, water, fire and earth, and that each had a color. Red was associated with fire. Each Emperor chose the color that his fortune-tellers believed would bring the most prosperity and good fortune to his reign. During the Zhou, Han, Jin, Song and Ming Dynasties, red considered a noble color, and it was featured in all court ceremonies, from coronations to sacrificial offerings, and weddings.

Q1: How many elements did the Chinese philosophers think the world was made of?
A1: five
Q2: What element was red associated with in Chinese philosophy?
A2: fire
Q3: At the time of the Han dynasty where would one fine the color Red?
A3: all court ceremonies
Q4: In the time of the Ming Dynasty one would find what color used during sacrificial offerings?
A4: Red
Q5: Outside of Fire and Earth, what three other elements did Chinese philosophers say the world was composed from?
A5: metal, wood, water
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red was also a badge of rank. During the Song dynasty (906–1279), officials of the top three ranks wore purple clothes; those of the fourth and fifth wore bright red; those of the sixth and seventh wore green; and the eighth and ninth wore blue. Red was the color worn by the royal guards of honor, and the color of the carriages of the imperial family. When the imperial family traveled, their servants and accompanying officials carried red and purple umbrellas. Of an official who had talent and ambition, it was said "he is so red he becomes purple."

Q1: During what years did the Song dynasty occur?
A1: 906–1279
Q2: Which number of ranks wore purple clothing in the Song dynasty?
A2: three
Q3: What color did sixth rank Song dynasty officials wear?
A3: green
Q4: What ranks in the Song dynasty wore blue?
A4: eighth and ninth
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red was also featured in Chinese Imperial architecture. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, gates of palaces were usually painted red, and nobles often painted their entire mansion red. One of the most famous works of Chinese literature, A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women who passed their lives out of public sight within the walls of such mansions. In later dynasties red was reserved for the walls of temples and imperial residences. When the Manchu rulers of the Qing Dynasty conquered the Ming and took over the Forbidden City and Imperial Palace in Beijing, all the walls, gates, beams and pillars were painted in red and gold.

Q1: Who painted their mansions red during the Song and Tang dynasties?
A1: nobles
Q2: who wrote A dream of Red Mansions?
A2: Cao Xueqin
Q3: During what years was Cao Xueqin alive?
A3: 1715–1763
Q4: Who painted the walls of the Forbidden city red after the fall of the Ming dynasty?
A4: Qing Dynasty
Q5: In late Chinese dynasties red was used only on what kind of architecture?
A5: temples and imperial residences
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red was the color of the banner of the Byzantine emperors. In Western Europe, Emperor Charlemagne painted his palace red as a very visible symbol of his authority, and wore red shoes at his coronation. Kings, princes and, beginning in 1295, Roman Catholic cardinals began to wear red costumes. When Abbe Suger rebuilt Saint Denis Basilica outside Paris in the early 12th century, he added stained glass windows colored blue cobalt glass and red glass tinted with copper. Together they flooded the basilica with a mystical light. Soon stained glass windows were being added to cathedrals all across France, England and Germany. In Medieval painting red was used to attract attention to the most important figures; both Christ and the Virgin Mary were commonly painted wearing red mantles.

Q1: Which European emperor painted their palace red?
A1: Emperor Charlemagne
Q2: In what year did cardinals in the Roman Catholic church start wearing red?
A2: 1295
Q3: When was Saint Denis Basilica rebuilt?
A3: 12th century
Q4: Who rebuilt the basilica of Saint Denis?
A4: Abbe Suger
Q5: Christ and which other Christian figure were often painted red in medieval painting?
A5: Virgin Mary
Title: Grape
Topic: Natural sciences

Red wine may offer health benefits more so than white because potentially beneficial compounds are present in grape skin, and only red wine is fermented with skins. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. Ordinary non-muscadine red wine contains between 0.2 and 5.8 mg/L, depending on the grape variety, because it is fermented with the skins, allowing the wine to absorb the resveratrol. By contrast, a white wine contains lower phenolic contents because it is fermented after removal of skins.

Q1: What type of wine is fermented with grape skin?
A1: red wine
Q2: What type of wine is fermented after the grapes skin has been removed?
A2: white wine
Q3: What substance is absorbed by wine when grapes are fermented with their skins?
A3: resveratrol
Q4: What type of wine is believed to have more health benefits?
A4: Red wine
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late nineteenth century. Initially these were the colors of the Russian flag; as the Slavic movement grew, they were adopted by other Slavic peoples including Slovaks, Slovenes, and Serbs. The flags of the Czech Republic and Poland use red for historic heraldic reasons (see Coat of arms of Poland and Coat of arms of the Czech Republic) & not due to Pan-Slavic connotations. In 2004 Georgia adopted a new white flag, which consists of four small and one big red cross in the middle touching all four sides.

Q1: When did the Slavic solidarity movement choose red blue and white as their colors?
A1: the late nineteenth century
Q2: In what year did the nation of George get a new national flag?
A2: 2004
Q3: What is in the middle of the Georgian flag?
A3: one big red cross
Q4: How many small crosses are on the Georgian flag?
A4: four
Q5: What were the Pan-Slavic colors originally?
A5: the colors of the Russian flag
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Red, white, and black were the colors of the German Empire from 1870 to 1918, and as such they came to be associated with German nationalism. In the 1920s they were adopted as the colors of the Nazi flag. In Mein Kampf, Hitler explained that they were "revered colors expressive of our homage to the glorious past." The red part of the flag was also chosen to attract attention - Hitler wrote: "the new flag ... should prove effective as a large poster" because "in hundreds of thousands of cases a really striking emblem may be the first cause of awakening interest in a movement." The red also symbolized the social program of the Nazis, aimed at German workers. Several designs by a number of different authors were considered, but the one adopted in the end was Hitler's personal design.

Q1: During what time period did the German Empire use the colors red white and black?
A1: 1870 to 1918
Q2: What did red white and black become associated with in Germany?
A2: German nationalism
Q3: In what era did red white and black become part of the Nazi flag?
A3: 1920s
Q4: Red was chosen as part of the Nazi flag to do what?
A4: attract attention
Q5: Whose design was the Nazi flag?
A5: Hitler's personal design
Title: Hyderabad
Topic: Geography and places

Referred to as "Hyderabadi", the residents of Hyderabad are predominantly Telugu and Urdu speaking people, with minority Bengali, Gujarati (including Memon), Kannada (including Nawayathi), Malayalam, Marathi, Marwari, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil and Uttar Pradeshi communities. Hyderabad is home to a unique dialect of Urdu called Hyderabadi Urdu, which is a type of Dakhini, and is the mother tongue of most Hyderabadi Muslims, a unique community who owe much of their history, language, cuisine, and culture to Hyderabad, and the various dynasties who previously ruled. Hadhrami Arabs, African Arabs, Armenians, Abyssinians, Iranians, Pathans and Turkish people are also present; these communities, of which the Hadhrami are the largest, declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Nizams.

Q1: What are the people who live in Hyderabad called?
A1: Hyderabadi
Q2: There are two main languages spoken by the people of Hyderabad, what are they?
A2: Telugu and Urdu
Q3: What is the main language of most Muslims from Hyderabad?
A3: Hyderabadi Urdu
Q4: Which is the largest ethnic community in Hyderabad?
A4: Hadhrami
Q5: Hyderabadi is a type of what langauge?
A5: Dakhini
Title: Great_power
Topic: History

Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars in which at least one great power was opposed to another, and they averaged little more than five years in length. In approximately a 450-year time frame, on average at least two great powers were fighting one another in each and every year." Even during the period of Pax Britannica (or "the British Peace") between 1815 and 1914, war and military confrontations among the great powers was still a frequent occurrence. In fact, Joshua Baron points out that, in terms of militarized conflicts or confrontations, the UK led the way in this period with nineteen such instances against; Russia (8), France (5), Germany/Prussia (5) and Italy (1).

Q1: How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953?
A1: 64
Q2: For bout how many years was an average of one great power fighting another each year?
A2: 450
Q3: What country had the most conflicts from 1500s through mid 20th century?
A3: UK
Q4: What span was the Pax Britannica?
A4: between 1815 and 1914
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Reflection of the original signal also occurs when it hits an extended conductive surface, in a fashion similar to a mirror. This effect can also be used to increase signal through the use of a reflector, normally placed behind the active element and spaced so the reflected signal reaches the element in-phase. Generally the reflector will remain highly reflective even if it is not solid; gaps less than 1⁄10 generally have little effect on the outcome. For this reason, reflectors often take the form of wire meshes or rows of passive elements, which makes them lighter and less subject to wind. The parabolic reflector is perhaps the best known example of a reflector-based antenna, which has an effective area far greater than the active element alone.

Q1: If you wanted to somehow clone the original signal you could use?
A1: extended conductive surface
Q2: What effect would the use of a reflector have on a signal?
A2: increase
Q3: What allowance can be made for gaps without loss of performance?
A3: less than 1⁄10
Q4: What is the most recognized type of an antenna that has its basis in reflection?
A4: parabolic reflector
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Reflections generally affect polarization. For radio waves, one important reflector is the ionosphere which can change the wave's polarization. Thus for signals received following reflection by the ionosphere (a skywave), a consistent polarization cannot be expected. For line-of-sight communications or ground wave propagation, horizontally or vertically polarized transmissions generally remain in about the same polarization state at the receiving location. Matching the receiving antenna's polarization to that of the transmitter can make a very substantial difference in received signal strength.

Q1: What mostly affects polarization?
A1: Reflections
Q2: What reflector can change the waves polarization?
A2: ionosphere
Q3: What will you be matching with the  receiving antenna's polarization?
A3: transmitter
Q4: What stays the same regarding polarization state at the recieving location?
A4: polarized transmissions
Q5: What is the name used for signals recieved following reflection by the ionosphere?
A5: a skywave
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Reform of the liturgy had been a part of the liturgical movements in the 20th century mainly in France, and Germany which were officially recognized by Pius XII in his encyclical Mediator Dei. During the pontificate of Pius XII, the Vatican eased regulations on the use of Latin in Roman Catholic liturgies, permitting some use of vernacular languages during baptisms, funerals and other events. In 1951 and 1955, the Easter liturgies underwent revision, most notably including the reintroduction of the Easter Triduum. The Second Vatican Council made no changes to the Roman Missal, but in the document Sacrosanctum Concilium mandated that a general revision of it take place. After the Vatican Council, in April 1969, Paul VI approved the "new Order of Mass" promulgated in 1970, as stated in the Acta Apostolica Sedis to "end experimentation" with the Mass and which included the introduction of three new Eucharistic Prayers to what was up to then a single Roman Canon.

Q1: What language was traditionally used in Roman Catholic services?
A1: Latin
Q2: What were revised between 1951 and 1955?
A2: Easter liturgies
Q3: What was re instated to the Easter liturgy by reform?
A3: Easter Triduum
Q4: What type of service did Paul Vi announce reformed in 1969?
A4: Mass
Q5: How many new prayers were included in the official mass reforms of 1969?
A5: three
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

Regarding the classical music, it was through the Ionian islands (which were under western rule and influence) that all the major advances of the western European classical music were introduced to mainland Greeks. The region is notable for the birth of the first School of modern Greek classical music (Heptanesean or Ionian School, Greek: Επτανησιακή Σχολή), established in 1815. Prominent representatives of this genre include Nikolaos Mantzaros, Spyridon Xyndas, Spyridon Samaras and Pavlos Carrer. Manolis Kalomiris is considered the founder of the Greek National School of Music.

Q1: Through which islands was European classical music introduced to the Greeks?
A1: Ionian
Q2: When was the first school of modern Greek classical music formed?
A2: 1815
Q3: Who is considered the Greek National School of Music founder?
A3: Manolis Kalomiris
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto themselves". In this sense, living life as the vinaya prescribes it is, as one scholar puts it: "more than merely a means to an end: it is very nearly the end in itself."

Q1: Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that what?
A1: counts
Q2: The rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying what?
A2: life
Q3: The rules are a perfect springboard for what?
A3: higher attainments
Q4: Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as what?
A4: islands unto themselves
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

Regarding the timing of German rapprochement, many historians agree that the dismissal of Maxim Litvinov, whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany, removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin immediately directed Molotov to "purge the ministry of Jews." Given Litvinov's prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany.[f] Likewise, Molotov's appointment served as a signal to Germany that the USSR was open to offers. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote that Litvinov's disappearance also meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov's "modus operandi" was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan." Carr argued that the Soviet Union's replacement of Foreign Minister Litvinov with Molotov on May 3, 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany, but rather was Stalin's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man, namely Molotov, to the Foreign Commissariat. Historian Albert Resis stated that the Litvinov dismissal gave the Soviets freedom to pursue faster-paced German negotiations, but that they did not abandon British–French talks. Derek Watson argued that Molotov could get the best deal with Britain and France because he was not encumbered with the baggage of collective security and could negotiate with Germany. Geoffrey Roberts argued that Litvinov's dismissal helped the Soviets with British–French talks, because Litvinov doubted or maybe even opposed such discussions.

Q1: Who was ordered to remove the Jews from the Ministry?
A1: Molotov
Q2: Who gave the order to remove the Jews from the Ministry?
A2: Stalin
Q3: Who believed that the firing of Litvinov allowed the Soviets to quicker negotiations with Germany?
A3: Derek Watson
Q4: Who believed that the hiring of Molotov would result in a better deal with the western countries?
A4: Geoffrey Roberts
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Regardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in strategy was also favoured to take place at night, to give the bombers greater protection under cover of darkness.[b] On 4 September 1940, in a long address at the Sportspalast, Hitler declared: "And should the Royal Air Force drop two thousand, or three thousand [kilograms ...] then we will now drop [...] 300,000, 400,000, yes one million kilograms in a single night. And should they declare they will greatly increase their attacks on our cities, then we will erase their cities."

Q1: The Luftwaffe air fleets were taking what kind of losses?
A1: punishing
Q2: What did the punishing losses to the air fleet cause the Luftwaffe to do?
A2: change in strategy
Q3: What kind of strategy did the Luftwaffe use to give their bombers better protection?
A3: cover of darkness
Q4: What city did Hitler give a speech where he said he would erase British cities?
A4: Sportspalast
Q5: In what year did Hitler give the speech at Sportspalast? 
A5: 1940
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Regardless of the type of metabolic process they employ, the majority of bacteria are able to take in raw materials only in the form of relatively small molecules, which enter the cell by diffusion or through molecular channels in cell membranes. The Planctomycetes are the exception (as they are in possessing membranes around their nuclear material). It has recently been shown that Gemmata obscuriglobus is able to take in large molecules via a process that in some ways resembles endocytosis, the process used by eukaryotic cells to engulf external items.

Q1: How can bacteria obtain raw materials from the environment?
A1: in the form of relatively small molecules
Q2: What chemical process  helps bacteria to absorb raw materials?
A2: diffusion
Q3: What process is used by eukaryotic cells to absorb external items?
A3: endocytosis
Q4: What part of bacteria cell is used during diffusion?
A4: molecular channels in cell membranes
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

Regardless of the way the tension between universities, individual scientists, and the scientific revolution itself is perceived, there was a discernible impact on the way that university education was constructed. Aristotelian epistemology provided a coherent framework not simply for knowledge and knowledge construction, but also for the training of scholars within the higher education setting. The creation of new scientific constructs during the scientific revolution, and the epistemological challenges that were inherent within this creation, initiated the idea of both the autonomy of science and the hierarchy of the disciplines. Instead of entering higher education to become a "general scholar" immersed in becoming proficient in the entire curriculum, there emerged a type of scholar that put science first and viewed it as a vocation in itself. The divergence between those focused on science and those still entrenched in the idea of a general scholar exacerbated the epistemological tensions that were already beginning to emerge.

Q1: What type of epistemology served as the foundation of knowledge constructions and  training scholars in universities?
A1: Aristotelian
Q2: The scientific revolution contributed to what, in terms of science?
A2: autonomy
Q3: There was disagreement between universities and scientists over schools focusing on science, and the idea of what?
A3: a general scholar
Q4: A hierarchy of scientific disciplines came out of what?
A4: the scientific revolution
Q5: Where did students after the scientific revolution put science on the scale of importance?
A5: first
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Regardless, the Luftwaffe could still inflict huge damage. With the German occupation of Western Europe, the intensification of submarine and air attack on Britain's sea communications was feared by the British. Such an event would have serious consequences on the future course of the war, should the Germans succeed. Liverpool and its port became an important destination for convoys heading through the Western Approaches from North America, bringing supplies and materials. The considerable rail network distributed to the rest of the country. Operations against Liverpool in the Liverpool Blitz were successful. Air attacks sank 39,126 long tons (39,754 t) of shipping, with another 111,601 long tons (113,392 t) damaged. Minister of Home Security Herbert Morrison was also worried morale was breaking, noting the defeatism expressed by civilians. Other sources point to half of the port's 144 berths rendered unusable, while cargo unloading capability was reduced by 75%. Roads and railways were blocked and ships could not leave harbour. On 8 May 1941, 57 ships were destroyed, sunk or damaged amounting to 80,000 long tons (81,000 t). Around 66,000 houses were destroyed, 77,000 people made homeless, and 1,900 people killed and 1,450 seriously hurt on one night. Operations against London up until May 1941 could also have a severe impact on morale. The populace of the port of Hull became 'trekkers', people who underwent a mass exodus from cities before, during, and after attacks. However, the attacks failed to knock out or damage railways, or port facilities for long, even in the Port of London, a target of many attacks. The Port of London in particular was an important target, bringing in one-third of overseas trade.

Q1: What did the British fear most?
A1: intensification of submarine and air attack
Q2: What was an important destination for supply convoys from North America?
A2: Liverpool
Q3: The Liverpool Blitz sank how much shipping?
A3: 39,126 long tons (39,754 t) of shipping
Q4: How many ships were destroyed on May 8, 1941?
A4: 57 ships
Q5: How much of the overseas trade did the Port of London take on?
A5: one-third of overseas trade
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

Reginald DesRoches, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech, pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake. DesRoches said: "If the buildings were older and built prior to that 1976 earthquake, chances are they weren't built for adequate earthquake forces."

Q1: Who was a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech?
A1: Reginald DesRoches
Q2: What is the profession of Reginald DesRoches?
A2: professor of civil and environmental engineering
Q3: When did China create a seismic design code for building?
A3: 1976
Q4: What catastrophe inspired them to make a building design code/ 
A4: Tangshan earthquake
Title: Hunting
Topic: Sports and recreation

Regional social norms are generally antagonistic to hunting, while a few sects, such as the Bishnoi, lay special emphasis on the conservation of particular species, such as the antelope. India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals. However, the Chief Wildlife Warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has become dangerous to human life, or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any person to hunt such an animal. In this case, the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.

Q1: What norms are generally antagonistic to hunting?
A1: Regional social
Q2: What sect lays special emphasis on conservation of particular species?
A2: Bishnoi
Q3: What bans the killing of all wild animals in India?
A3: Wildlife Protection Act of 1972
Q4: Who may permit a person to hunt animals in India despite it being banned?
A4: the Chief Wildlife Warden
Q5: Whose property does the body of any wild animal killed or wounded become?
A5: government
Q6: Who lay special emphasis on conservation of particular species?
A6: Bishnoi
Q7: What bans the killing of all wild animals?
A7: India's Wildlife Protection Act
Q8: What year was this protection act put into place?
A8: 1972
Q9: Who can permit a person to hunt wild animals?
A9: Chief Wildlife Warden
Q10: What happens to the body of the wild animal killed?
A10: becomes government property
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDs or RDNs) are health professionals qualified to provide safe, evidence-based dietary advice which includes a review of what is eaten, a thorough review of nutritional health, and a personalized nutritional treatment plan. They also provide preventive and therapeutic programs at work places, schools and similar institutions. Certified Clinical Nutritionists or CCNs, are trained health professionals who also offer dietary advice on the role of nutrition in chronic disease, including possible prevention or remediation by addressing nutritional deficiencies before resorting to drugs. Government regulation especially in terms of licensing, is currently less universal for the CCN than that of RD or RDN. Another advanced Nutrition Professional is a Certified Nutrition Specialist or CNS. These Board Certified Nutritionists typically specialize in obesity and chronic disease. In order to become board certified, potential CNS candidate must pass an examination, much like Registered Dieticians. This exam covers specific domains within the health sphere including; Clinical Intervention and Human Health.

Q1: What does RDN stand for?
A1: Registered dietitian nutritionists
Q2: Who offers dietary advice on the role of nutrition in chronic diseases?
A2: Certified Clinical Nutritionists
Q3: For which health professional is Governmental regulation more universal?
A3: RDN
Q4: Who typically specializes in obesity and chronic disease?
A4: Certified Nutrition Specialist
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working as intended. Typically, regressions occur as an unintended consequence of program changes, when the newly developed part of the software collides with the previously existing code. Common methods of regression testing include re-running previous sets of test-cases and checking whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged. The depth of testing depends on the phase in the release process and the risk of the added features. They can either be complete, for changes added late in the release or deemed to be risky, or be very shallow, consisting of positive tests on each feature, if the changes are early in the release or deemed to be of low risk. Regression testing is typically the largest test effort in commercial software development, due to checking numerous details in prior software features, and even new software can be developed while using some old test-cases to test parts of the new design to ensure prior functionality is still supported.

Q1: Finding defects once a change in code had already happened is called?
A1: Regression testing
Q2: What happens to software after a major change in code that leads to regression??
A2: stops working as intended
Q3: What is a common method used during regression testing?
A3: re-running previous sets of test-cases
Q4: What determines how deep a tester will go during regression?
A4: phase in the release process and the risk of the added features
Q5: If changes need to occur during the softwares early release with regression testing how much of an impact does this have on the team as related to other testing? 
A5: typically the largest test effort in commercial software development
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001. Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.

Q1: What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host?
A1: LPGA
Q2: Where is Southern Hills Country Club?
A2: Tulsa
Q3: Where is Oak Tree Country Club?
A3: Oklahoma City
Q4: Where is Cedar Ridge Country Club?
A4: Tulsa
Q5: How many PGA championships has Southern Hills held?
A5: four
Title: Alaska
Topic: Geography and places

Regular flights to most villages and towns within the state that are commercially viable are challenging to provide, so they are heavily subsidized by the federal government through the Essential Air Service program. Alaska Airlines is the only major airline offering in-state travel with jet service (sometimes in combination cargo and passenger Boeing 737-400s) from Anchorage and Fairbanks to regional hubs like Bethel, Nome, Kotzebue, Dillingham, Kodiak, and other larger communities as well as to major Southeast and Alaska Peninsula communities.

Q1: Which service allows government to subsidise regular air travel in Alaska?
A1: Essential Air Service program
Q2: Which airline offers in-state travel with jet-service?
A2: Alaska Airlines
Q3: What are some Alaskan regional hubs?
A3: Bethel, Nome, Kotzebue, Dillingham, Kodiak