LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.

Q1: What is the nation's 13th-oldest university?
A1: College of Charleston
Q2: Where is the Art Institute of Charleston located?
A2: downtown on North Market Street
Q3: What year did the Art institute of Charleston open?
A3: 2007
Q4: What Charleston College offers a degree in Building Arts?
A4: The American College of the Building Arts
Q5: What Technical college have a campus at downtown Charleston?
A5: Trident Technical College
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area. Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice. "The purpose of the notice and comment requirement is to provide for meaningful public participation in the rulemaking process." summarized the Ninth Circuit court in the case of Idaho Farm Bureau Federation v. Babbitt.

Q1: How is public notice given regarding a listing?
A1: through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area
Q2: How long after a published notice of the listing may a public hearing regarding the listing be requested?
A2: 45 days
Q3: Do listing notices cross international soil?
A3: Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

Public opinion pressured the U.S. government to bring Villa to justice for the raid on Columbus, New Mexico; U.S. President Wilson sent Gen. John J. Pershing and some 5,000 troops into Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa. It was known as the Punitive Expedition. After nearly a year of pursuing Villa, American forces returned to the United States. The American intervention had been limited to the western sierras of Chihuahua. Villa had the advantage of intimately knowing the inhospitable terrain of the Sonoran Desert and the almost impassable Sierra Madre mountains and always managed to stay one step ahead of his pursuers. In 1923 Villa was assassinated by a group of seven gunmen who ambushed him while he was sitting in the back seat of his car in Parral.

Q1: Which city did Villa raid?
A1: Columbus, New Mexico
Q2: Which American president pursued Villa?
A2: President Wilson
Q3: How long did the American troops pursue Villa?
A3: nearly a year
Q4: In which year was Villa assassinated?
A4: 1923
Q5: In which city was Villa killed?
A5: Parral
Title: Renewable_energy_commercialization
Topic: Engineering and technology

Public policy and political leadership helps to "level the playing field" and drive the wider acceptance of renewable energy technologies. Countries such as Germany, Denmark, and Spain have led the way in implementing innovative policies which has driven most of the growth over the past decade. As of 2014, Germany has a commitment to the "Energiewende" transition to a sustainable energy economy, and Denmark has a commitment to 100% renewable energy by 2050. There are now 144 countries with renewable energy policy targets.

Q1: What drives the wider acceptance of renewable energy technologies?
A1: Public policy and political leadership
Q2: Denmark has a committment to 100 percent renewable energy by what year?
A2: 2050
Q3: How many countries now have renewable energy policies?
A3: 144
Title: Renewable_energy_commercialization
Topic: Engineering and technology

Public policy determines the extent to which renewable energy (RE) is to be incorporated into a developed or developing country's generation mix. Energy sector regulators implement that policy—thus affecting the pace and pattern of RE investments and connections to the grid. Energy regulators often have authority to carry out a number of functions that have implications for the financial feasibility of renewable energy projects. Such functions include issuing licenses, setting performance standards, monitoring the performance of regulated firms, determining the price level and structure of tariffs, establishing uniform systems of accounts, arbitrating stakeholder disputes (like interconnection cost allocations), performing management audits, developing agency human resources (expertise), reporting sector and commission activities to government authorities, and coordinating decisions with other government agencies. Thus, regulators make a wide range of decisions that affect the financial outcomes associated with RE investments. In addition, the sector regulator is in a position to give advice to the government regarding the full implications of focusing on climate change or energy security. The energy sector regulator is the natural advocate for efficiency and cost-containment throughout the process of designing and implementing RE policies. Since policies are not self-implementing, energy sector regulators become a key facilitator (or blocker) of renewable energy investments.

Q1: What determines the extent to which renewable energy is to be incorporated into a country's generation mix?
A1: Public policy
Q2: Who has the authority to carry out a number of functions that havae implications for the feasiblity of renewable energy projects?
A2: Energy regulators
Q3: Why have energy sector regulators become a key facilitator of renewable energy investments?
A3: Since policies are not self-implementing
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

Public priests were appointed by the collegia. Once elected, a priest held permanent religious authority from the eternal divine, which offered him lifetime influence, privilege and immunity. Therefore, civil and religious law limited the number and kind of religious offices allowed an individual and his family. Religious law was collegial and traditional; it informed political decisions, could overturn them, and was difficult to exploit for personal gain. Priesthood was a costly honour: in traditional Roman practice, a priest drew no stipend. Cult donations were the property of the deity, whose priest must provide cult regardless of shortfalls in public funding – this could mean subsidy of acolytes and all other cult maintenance from personal funds. For those who had reached their goal in the Cursus honorum, permanent priesthood was best sought or granted after a lifetime's service in military or political life, or preferably both: it was a particularly honourable and active form of retirement which fulfilled an essential public duty. For a freedman or slave, promotion as one of the Compitalia seviri offered a high local profile, and opportunities in local politics; and therefore business. During the Imperial era, priesthood of the Imperial cult offered provincial elites full Roman citizenship and public prominence beyond their single year in religious office; in effect, it was the first step in a provincial cursus honorum. In Rome, the same Imperial cult role was performed by the Arval Brethren, once an obscure Republican priesthood dedicated to several deities, then co-opted by Augustus as part of his religious reforms. The Arvals offered prayer and sacrifice to Roman state gods at various temples for the continued welfare of the Imperial family on their birthdays, accession anniversaries and to mark extraordinary events such as the quashing of conspiracy or revolt. Every January 3 they consecrated the annual vows and rendered any sacrifice promised in the previous year, provided the gods had kept the Imperial family safe for the contracted time.

Q1: What group selected public priests in Rome?
A1: collegia
Q2: What was the term of office for a priest in Rome?
A2: lifetime
Q3: What limited an individual's access to religious offices?
A3: law
Q4: Because of the lack of pay, what was the type of honor in being a priest?
A4: costly
Q5: What did a priesthood in the Imperial cult gain a provencial?
A5: Roman citizenship
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur. The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building. Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himself with oxen and plough; what lay within was the earthly home and protectorate of the gods of the state. In Rome, the central references for the establishment of an augural templum appear to have been the Via Sacra (Sacred Way) and the pomerium. Magistrates sought divine opinion of proposed official acts through an augur, who read the divine will through observations made within the templum before, during and after an act of sacrifice. Divine disapproval could arise through unfit sacrifice, errant rites (vitium) or an unacceptable plan of action. If an unfavourable sign was given, the magistrate could repeat the sacrifice until favourable signs were seen, consult with his augural colleagues, or abandon the project. Magistrates could use their right of augury (ius augurum) to adjourn and overturn the process of law, but were obliged to base their decision on the augur's observations and advice. For Cicero, himself an augur, this made the augur the most powerful authority in the Late Republic. By his time (mid 1st century BC) augury was supervised by the college of pontifices, whose powers were increasingly woven into the magistracies of the cursus honorum.

Q1: In what area did public rites take place in Rome?
A1: sacred precinct
Q2: What person marked the religious area ritually?
A2: augur
Q3: What was the original meaning of the templum in Latin?
A3: sacred space
Q4: Who designated the first boundary of Rome?
A4: Romulus
Q5: What did augers seek to understand through observances?
A5: divine will
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Public schools are part of the Ann Arbor Public Schools (AAPS) district. AAPS has one of the country's leading music programs. In September 2008, 16,539 students had been enrolled in the Ann Arbor Public Schools. There were 21 elementary schools, five middle schools (Forsythe, Slauson, Tappan, Scarlett, and Clague) three traditional high schools (Pioneer, Huron, and Skyline), and three alternative high schools (Community High, Stone School, and Roberto Clemente) in the district. The district also operates a K-8 open school program, Ann Arbor Open School, out of the former Mack School. This program is open to all families who live within the district. Ann Arbor Public Schools also operates a preschool and family center, with programs for at-risk infants and children before kindergarten. The district has a preschool center with both free and tuition-based programs for preschoolers in the district.

Q1: Ann Arbor has one of the leading programs in what subject?
A1: music
Q2: What program is open to the residents of Ann arbor?
A2: Ann Arbor Open School
Q3: In 2008, how many were enrolled in public schools?
A3: 16,539
Title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

Public schools in Raleigh are operated by the Wake County Public School System. Observers have praised the Wake County Public School System for its innovative efforts to maintain a socially, economically and racial balanced system by using income as a prime factor in assigning students to schools. Raleigh is home to three magnet high schools and three high schools offering the International Baccalaureate program. There are four early college high schools in Raleigh. Raleigh also has two alternative high schools.

Q1: Who operates the public schools in Raleigh?
A1: Wake County Public School System
Q2: What is the school system praised for?
A2: innovative efforts to maintain a socially, economically and racial balanced system
Q3: How many magnet schools are there in Raleigh?
A3: three
Q4: What type of degree can you get from a high school in Raleigh?
A4: International Baccalaureate
Q5: Does Raleigh have alternate high schools?
A5: Raleigh also has two alternative high schools.
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

Public transport is essential in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using mass transit. This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where about 90% of commuters drive automobiles to their workplace. According to the US Census Bureau, New York City residents spend an average of 38.4 minutes a day getting to work, the longest commute time in the nation among large cities. New York is the only US city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car. Due to their high usage of mass transit, New Yorkers spend less of their household income on transportation than the national average, saving $19 billion annually on transportation compared to other urban Americans.

Q1: How many minutes does it take the average New Yorker to get to work?
A1: 38.4
Q2: What percentage of New Yorkers use public transportation to get to work?
A2: 54.6
Q3: What percentage of people living in Manhattan own a car?
A3: 22
Q4: In 2005, what percentage of New York residents used mass transit to get to work?
A4: 54.6%
Q5: What percentage of Americans drive cars to work?
A5: 90%
Q6: In minutes, how long does it take for the average New Yorker to get to work?
A6: 38.4
Q7: What percentage of New York households don't own an automobile?
A7: 52%
Q8: What percentage of Manhattan residents own an automobile?
A8: 22%
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV), which operates the Metrovalencia and other rail and bus services. The Estació del Nord (North Station) is the main railway terminus in Valencia. A new temporary station, Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla, has been built on land adjacent to this terminus to accommodate high speed AVE trains to and from Madrid, Barcelona, Seville and Alicante. Valencia Airport is situated 9 km (5.6 mi) west of Valencia city centre. Alicante Airport is situated about 170 km (110 mi) south of Valencia.

Q1: What airport is closest to Valencia?
A1: Valencia Airport
Q2: What airport is south of Valencia?
A2: Alicante Airport
Q3: What is the main train station in Valencia?
A3: Estació del Nord
Q4: What group runs Valencia's public transit?
A4: Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana
Q5: What station in Valencia was built for high-speed trains?
A5: Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla
Title: Virgil
Topic: Language and literature

Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. A number of minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, are sometimes attributed to him.

Q1: During which period was Vigil a poet?
A1: Augustan
Q2: How many major works of literature is Virgil known for?
A2: three
Q3: Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for?
A3: Aeneid
Q4: What is Virgil's full name?
A4: Publius Vergilius Maro
Q5: Which collection of minor poems are sometimes attributed to Virgil?
A5: Appendix Vergiliana
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Pubs may be venues for pub songs and live music. During the 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads, Dr. Feelgood and The Kursaal Flyers, who formed a musical genre called Pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music.

Q1: Dr. Feelgood and the Kursaal Flyers are examples of bands from what genre of music?
A1: Pub rock
Q2: What genre of music was influenced by pub rock?
A2: Punk music
Q3: In what decade was Pub rock popular?
A3: the 1970s
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the "Marquis of Granby". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George[citation needed], after King George III, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation.

Q1: After whom was the Marquis of Granby pub named?
A1: John Manners, Marquess of Granby
Q2: Who was the father of John Manners, Marquess of Granby?
A2: John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland
Q3: What was the military rank of the 3rd Duke of Rutland?
A3: general
Q4: In what century did the 3rd Duke of Rutland live?
A4: 18th
Q5: What were pubs licensed in 1780 named?
A5: the Royal George
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs.

Q1: What is a blanket term for pubs that, for example, cater to sports fans?
A1: theme pubs
Q2: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people of a certain nationality?
A2: Irish pubs
Q3: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people with certain musical interests?
A3: rock pubs
Q4: What sort of theme pub would be likely to feature strippers?
A4: strip pubs
Q5: In what sort of theme pub could one find visitors singing with musical accompaniment?
A5: karaoke bars
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Pubs within a chain will usually have items in common, such as fittings, promotions, ambience and range of food and drink on offer. A pub chain will position itself in the marketplace for a target audience. One company may run several pub chains aimed at different segments of the market. Pubs for use in a chain are bought and sold in large units, often from regional breweries which are then closed down. Newly acquired pubs are often renamed by the new owners, and many people resent the loss of traditional names, especially if their favourite regional beer disappears at the same time.

Q1: When a pub is bought by a new owner, what often happens to them?
A1: renamed
Q2: What often happens to regional breweries after they sell their pubs?
A2: closed down
Title: 51st_state
Topic: Language and literature

Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state.

Q1: What country has been regarded as a potential new addition to the United States?
A1: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States
Q2: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current political relationship?
A2: 54%
Q3: What percentage of voters supported statehood?
A3: 61%
Q4: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that the United States act on these results?
A4: December 11, 2012
Q5: What would be an ideal reaction from the United States, according to Puerto Rico?
A5: end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state
Q6: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to the United States?
A6: Puerto Rico
Q7: What percentages of voters expressed unhappiness with the current political relationship between the U.S. and Puerto Rico?
A7: 54%
Q8: When did the legislature of Puerto Rico request that they be considered for statehood?
A8: December 11, 2012
Title: 51st_state
Topic: Language and literature

Puerto Rico has been under U.S. sovereignty for over a century when it was ceded to the U.S. by Spain following the end of the Spanish–American War, and Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917. The island's ultimate status has not been determined as of 2012[update], its residents do not have voting representation in their federal government. Puerto Rico has limited representation in the U.S. Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a delegate with limited no voting rights. Like the states, Puerto Rico has self-rule, a republican form of government organized pursuant to a constitution adopted by its people, and a bill of rights.

Q1: In the aftermath of which war was the U.S. granted Puerto Rico?
A1: Spanish–American War
Q2: What country handed over Puerto Rico to the US?
A2: Spain
Q3: How long have Puerto Ricans been U.S. citizens?
A3: since 1917
Q4: What form of government do the Puerto Ricans have?
A4: republican
Title: 51st_state
Topic: Language and literature

Puerto Rico is designated in its constitution as the "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico". The Constitution of Puerto Rico which became effective in 1952 adopted the name of Estado Libre Asociado (literally translated as "Free Associated State"), officially translated into English as Commonwealth, for its body politic. The island is under the jurisdiction of the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which has led to doubts about the finality of the Commonwealth status for Puerto Rico. In addition, all people born in Puerto Rico become citizens of the U.S. at birth (under provisions of the Jones–Shafroth Act in 1917), but citizens residing in Puerto Rico cannot vote for president nor for full members of either house of Congress. Statehood would grant island residents full voting rights at the Federal level. The Puerto Rico Democracy Act (H.R. 2499) was approved on April 29, 2010, by the United States House of Representatives 223–169, but was not approved by the Senate before the end of the 111th Congress. It would have provided for a federally sanctioned self-determination process for the people of Puerto Rico. This act would provide for referendums to be held in Puerto Rico to determine the island's ultimate political status. It had also been introduced in 2007.

Q1: How is Puerto Rico designated in its constitution?
A1: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Q2: What title does the country have?
A2: Estado Libre Asociado (literally translated as "Free Associated State")
Q3: What is the island under jurisdiction of?
A3: Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution
Q4: What act was approved on April 29th, 2010?
A4: The Puerto Rico Democracy Act (H.R. 2499)
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating "The death penalty shall not exist", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy.

Q1: What territory's constitution says "The death penalty shall not exist"?
A1: Puerto Rico's
Q2: What US state prohibits the death penalty in its constitution?
A2: Michigan
Q3: How many US states have passed laws outlawing the death penalty?
A3: eleven
Q4: Under what jurisdiction can capital offenses still be committed in Puerto Rico?
A4: federal
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator.

Q1: When water is released due to high demand, the pump become swhat?
A1: a hydroelectric power generator
Q2: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in what form?
A2: water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one
Q3: How is the energy stored by pumped-storage hydroelectricity recovered?
A3: by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters":  listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provincial capital and largest city is Lahore. Punjab is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast and Punjab and Rajasthan to the east. In Pakistan it is bordered by Sindh to the south, Balochistān and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and Islamabad and Azad Kashmir to the north.

Q1: What does Punjab mean?
A1: five waters
Q2: How many provinces does Pakistan have?
A2: four
Q3: How large is Punjab?
A3: 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles)
Q4: What is Punjab's population?
A4: 91.379.615
Q5: What is Punjab's biggest city?
A5: Lahore
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic civilisation flourished along the length of the Indus River. This civilisation shaped subsequent cultures in South Asia and Afghanistan. Although the archaeological site at Harappa was partially damaged in 1857 when engineers constructing the Lahore-Multan railroad used brick from the Harappa ruins for track ballast, an abundance of artefacts have nevertheless been found. Punjab was part of the great ancient empires including the Gandhara Mahajanapadas, Achaemenids, Macedonians, Mauryas, Kushans, Guptas, and Hindu Shahi. It also comprised the Gujar empire for a period of time, otherwise known as the Gurjara-Pratihara empire. Agriculture flourished and trading cities (such as Multan and Lahore) grew in wealth.

Q1: What was Punjab formerly known as?
A1: Panchanada
Q2: What ancient civilization lived in Punjab?
A2: the Indus Valley Civilization
Q3: When was Punjab part of the Indus Valley Civilization?
A3: more than 4000 years ago
Q4: What was the major Indus city in Punjab?
A4: Harrapa
Q5: What were bricks taken from Harrapa for the construction of?
A5: the Lahore-Multan railroad
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's economy has quadrupled since 1972. Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. It is especially dominant in the service and agriculture sectors of Pakistan's economy. With its contribution ranging from 52.1% to 64.5% in the Service Sector and 56.1% to 61.5% in the agriculture sector. It is also major manpower contributor because it has largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan. It is also dominant in the manufacturing sector, though the dominance is not as huge, with historical contributions raging from a low of 44% to a high of 52.6%. In 2007, Punjab achieved a growth rate of 7.8% and during the period 2002–03 to 2007–08, its economy grew at a rate of between 7% to 8% per year. and during 2008–09 grew at 6% against the total GDP growth of Pakistan at 4%.

Q1: How much has Punjab's economy grown since 1972?
A1: quadrupled
Q2: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2000?
A2: 54.7%
Q3: How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2010?
A3: 59%
Q4: What manpower does Punjab provide?
A4: largest pool of professionals and highly skilled (technically trained) manpower in Pakistan
Q5: How much did Punjab's economy grow in 2008-09?
A5: 6%
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the north.

Q1: How large is Punjab compared to the other three provinces?
A1: second largest
Q2: What is Pakistan's largest province?
A2: Balochistan
Q3: How many square miles is Punjab?
A3: 79,284
Q4: What Indian states are on the east side of Punjab, Pakistan?
A4: Punjab and Rajasthan
Q5: What Pakistani province is south of Punjab?
A5: Sindh
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which began in earnest in 2004, has helped pacify the situation. Trade and people-to-people contacts through the Wagah border are now starting to become common. Indian Sikh pilgrims visit holy sites such as Nankana Sahib.

Q1: When did India and Pakistan fight in Punjab?
A1: 1965 and 1971
Q2: What is Kahuta an important location for?
A2: Pakistan's nuclear program
Q3: Where does Punjab have major military bases?
A3: Sargodha and Rawalpindi
Q4: When did India and Pakistan begin serious peace talks?
A4: 2004
Q5: Who visits Nankana Sahib?
A5: Sikh pilgrims
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar Plateau in the north. Agriculture is the chief source of income and employment in Punjab; wheat and cotton are the principal crops. Since independence, Punjab has become the seat of political and economic power; it remains the most industrialised province of Pakistan. It counts for 39.2% of large scale manufacturing and 70% of small scale manufacturing in the country. Its capital Lahore is a major regional cultural, historical, and economic centre.

Q1: What plain is Punjab in?
A1: the alluvial plain of the Indus River
Q2: What are the Indus River's tributaries?
A2: the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers
Q3: How much of Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?
A3: 39.2%
Q4: How much of Pakistan's small-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?
A4: 70%
Q5: What crops does Punjab grow?
A5: wheat and cotton
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

Puppetry and shadow plays were also a favoured form of entertainment in past centuries, a famous one being Wayang from Indonesia. The arts and literature in some of Southeast Asia is quite influenced by Hinduism, which was brought to them centuries ago. Indonesia, despite conversion to Islam which opposes certain forms of art, has retained many forms of Hindu-influenced practices, culture, art and literature. An example is the Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) and literature like the Ramayana. The wayang kulit show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Q1: What were the favorite forms of entertainment in Southeast Asia?
A1: Puppetry and shadow plays
Q2: Art & literature in Southeast Asia is influenced by which religion?
A2: Hinduism
Q3: The UNESCO has recognized which show as a Masterpiece of Oral & Intangible Heritage of Humanity
A3: The wayang kulit
Q4: Which country despite converting to Islam has retained many forms of Hindu practices, culture, art & literature?
A4: Indonesia
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world dogs" (e.g., Malamute and Shar Pei), "Mastiff"-type (e.g., English Mastiff), "herding"-type (e.g., Border Collie), and "all others" (also called "modern"- or "hunting"-type).

Q1: The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what?
A1: unsystematic.
Q2: A scientific study of dog genetics has shown only how many  types of dogs being determinably distinct?
A2: four
Q3: What, according to the text, are two examples of "old world" dogs?
A3: Malamute and Shar Pei
Q4: the Border collie is an example of what type of dog?
A4: herding
Q5: How many main types of dogs are there?
A5: four
Q6: What type of dogs are Shar Peis?
A6: old world dogs
Q7: What are the other modern and hunting types of dogs called?
A7: all others
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

Purely electronic circuit elements soon replaced their mechanical and electromechanical equivalents, at the same time that digital calculation replaced analog. The engineer Tommy Flowers, working at the Post Office Research Station in London in the 1930s, began to explore the possible use of electronics for the telephone exchange. Experimental equipment that he built in 1934 went into operation 5 years later, converting a portion of the telephone exchange network into an electronic data processing system, using thousands of vacuum tubes. In the US, John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry of Iowa State University developed and tested the Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) in 1942, the first "automatic electronic digital computer". This design was also all-electronic and used about 300 vacuum tubes, with capacitors fixed in a mechanically rotating drum for memory.

Q1: Where did the engineer Tommy Flowers work at during the 1930s?
A1: Post Office Research Station
Q2: In what city did Tommy Flowers work in the 1930s?
A2: London
Q3: The Atanasoff-Berry computer was invented in what year?
A3: 1942
Q4: How many vacuum tubes did the Atanasoff-Berry computer use?
A4: about 300
Q5: At what school did John Vincent Atansoff and Clifford E. Berry work?
A5: Iowa State University
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion. Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (and later into Wales), and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge. They took on distinctive beliefs about clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort they were resisted by the English bishops. They largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism.

Q1: What group was very much hampered in England from making changes?
A1: Puritans
Q2: What college was influenced by Puritan beliefs?
A2: the University of Cambridge
Q3: What movement influenced the Puritans?
A3: millennialism
Q4: What movement did the Puritans adopt in the 17th century?
A4: Sabbatarianism
Q5: When was the Synod of Dort?
A5: 1619
Title: Hindu_philosophy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Pāśupata Shaivism (Pāśupata, "of Paśupati") is the oldest of the major Shaiva schools. The philosophy of Pashupata sect was systematized by Lakulish in the 2nd century CE. Paśu in Paśupati refers to the effect (or created world), the word designates that which is dependent on something ulterior. Whereas, Pati means the cause (or principium), the word designates the Lord, who is the cause of the universe, the pati, or the ruler. Pashupatas disapproved of Vaishnava theology, known for its doctrine servitude of souls to the Supreme Being, on the grounds that dependence upon anything could not be the means of cessation of pain and other desired ends. They recognised that those depending upon another and longing for independence will not be emancipated because they still depend upon something other than themselves. According to Pāśupatas, soul possesses the attributes of the Supreme Deity when it becomes liberated from the 'germ of every pain'.

Q1: What is the oldest school of Shaivism?
A1: Pāśupata Shaivism
Q2: Who organized the Pasupata philosophy?
A2: Lakulish
Q3: When did Lakulish systematize the Pasupata Shaivism? 
A3: 2nd century CE
Q4: What school of philosophy did the Pasupatas dislike?
A4: Vaishnava theology
Q5: What aspect of Vaishnava was unpalatable for the Pasupatas?
A5: servitude of souls
Title: Hindu_philosophy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes were of thirteen kinds, the five organs of cognition, the five organs of action, the three internal organs, intellect, the ego principle and the cognising principle. These insentient causes were held responsible for the illusive identification of Self with non-Self. Salvation in Pāśupata involved the union of the soul with God through the intellect.

Q1: What group divided the world into two parts?
A1: Pāśupatas
Q2: Into what parts did the Pasupatas divide the world?
A2: insentient and the sentient
Q3: In what staet was the insentient considered to be?
A3: unconscious
Q4: How was the sentient seen as being?
A4: conscious
Q5: For the Pasupatas, how was the union of the soul with God achieved?
A5: through the intellect
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

QED vacuum has interesting and complex properties. In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero. As a result, QED vacuum contains vacuum fluctuations (virtual particles that hop into and out of existence), and a finite energy called vacuum energy. Vacuum fluctuations are an essential and ubiquitous part of quantum field theory. Some experimentally verified effects of vacuum fluctuations include spontaneous emission and the Lamb shift. Coulomb's law and the electric potential in vacuum near an electric charge are modified.

Q1: When are electric and magnetic fields with zero average values, but their variances are not at zero?
A1: In QED vacuum
Q2: What is a verified effect of vacuum fluctuation?
A2: spontaneous emission
Q3: what is  vacuum fluctuation?
A3: virtual particles that hop into and out of existence
Q4: Finite energy in a QED is called what?
A4: vacuum energy
Q5: What modifies can Coulomb's Law in a vacuum?
A5: vacuum near an electric charge
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often served after Tarawih prayers; sometimes as late as 11 pm.

Q1: What is the English word for qado?
A1: lunch
Q2: What is bariis in English?
A2: rice
Q3: What is the most popular variety of bariis?
A3: basmati
Q4: When is the latest a Somali might eat dinner during Ramadan?
A4: 11 pm
Q5: After what event during Ramadan is dinner served?
A5: Tarawih prayers
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

Qianlong's reign saw the launch of several ambitious cultural projects, including the compilation of the Siku Quanshu, or Complete Repository of the Four Branches of Literature. With a total of over 3,400 books, 79,000 chapters, and 36,304 volumes, the Siku Quanshu is the largest collection of books in Chinese history. Nevertheless, Qianlong used Literary Inquisition to silence opposition. The accusation of individuals began with the emperor's own interpretation of the true meaning of the corresponding words. If the emperor decided these were derogatory or cynical towards the dynasty, persecution would begin. Literary inquisition began with isolated cases at the time of Shunzhi and Kangxi, but became a pattern under Qianlong's rule, during which there were 53 cases of literary persecution.

Q1: How many books were in the Siku Quanshu?
A1: 3,400 books
Q2: How many volumes were in the Siku Quanshu?
A2: 36,304 volumes
Q3: Who created the Siku Quanshu?
A3: Qianlong
Q4: How many literary persecutions were there under Qianlongs reign?
A4: 53
Title: Sichuan
Topic: History

Qin armies finished their conquest of the kingdoms of Shu and Ba by 316 BC. Any written records and civil achievements of earlier kingdoms were destroyed. Qin administrators introduced improved agricultural technology. Li Bing, engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River, a major tributary of the Yangtze. This innovative hydraulic system was composed of movable weirs which could be adjusted for high or low water flow according to the season, to either provide irrigation or prevent floods. The increased agricultural output and taxes made the area a source of provisions and men for Qin's unification of China.

Q1: By what year did the Qin armies finish their conquest of Shu and Ba?
A1: 316 BC
Q2: What did Qin administrators introduce to Shu and Ba?
A2: improved agricultural technology.
Q3: Who engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River?
A3: Li Bing
Q4: The Min River is a major tributary of what river? 
A4: Yangtze
Q5: The Dujiangyan irrigation system was used for what purpose?
A5: to either provide irrigation or prevent floods.
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

Qing China reached its largest extent during the 18th century, when it ruled China proper (eighteen provinces) as well as the areas of present-day Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet, at approximately 13 million km2 in size. There were originally 18 provinces, all of which in China proper, but later this number was increased to 22, with Manchuria and Xinjiang being divided or turned into provinces. Taiwan, originally part of Fujian province, became a province of its own in the late 19th century, but was ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 following the First Sino-Japanese War. In addition, many surrounding countries, such as Korea (Joseon dynasty), Vietnam frequently paid tribute to China during much of this period. Khanate of Kokand were forced to submit as protectorate and pay tribute to the Qing dynasty in China between 1774 and 1798.

Q1: What century did Qing China stretch to its largest?
A1: 18th century
Q2: How many kilometers was Qing China at its height?
A2: 13 million km2
Q3: How many provinces were there at the height of Qing China?
A3: 22
Q4: When did Japan take over Taiwan?
A4: 1895
Q5: How did the Japanese win Taiwan?
A5: First Sino-Japanese
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

Qing dynasty rule in Tibet began with their 1720 expedition to the country when they expelled the invading Dzungars. Amdo came under Qing control in 1724, and eastern Kham was incorporated into neighbouring Chinese provinces in 1728. Meanwhile, the Qing government sent resident commissioners called Ambans to Lhasa. In 1750 the Ambans and the majority of the Han Chinese and Manchus living in Lhasa were killed in a riot, and Qing troops arrived quickly and suppressed the rebels in the next year. Like the preceding Yuan dynasty, the Manchus of the Qing dynasty exerted military and administrative control of the region, while granting it a degree of political autonomy. The Qing commander publicly executed a number of supporters of the rebels and, as in 1723 and 1728, made changes in the political structure and drew up a formal organization plan. The Qing now restored the Dalai Lama as ruler, leading the governing council called Kashag, but elevated the role of Ambans to include more direct involvement in Tibetan internal affairs. At the same time the Qing took steps to counterbalance the power of the aristocracy by adding officials recruited from the clergy to key posts.

Q1: When did the Qing dynasty begin to rule in Tibet?
A1: 1720
Q2: When did Amdo come under Qing control?
A2: 1724
Q3: When was Kham incorporated into neighboring Chinese provinces?
A3: 1728
Q4: Who restored the Dalai Lama as a ruler?
A4: Qing
Q5: What was the governing councel called?
A5: Kashag
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Quakers, or Friends, are members of a family of religious movements collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends. The central unifying doctrine of these movements is the priesthood of all believers. Many Friends view themselves as members of a Christian denomination. They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional conservative Quaker understandings of Christianity. Unlike many other groups that emerged within Christianity, the Religious Society of Friends has actively tried to avoid creeds and hierarchical structures.

Q1: What is another informal name for Quaker?
A1: Friends
Q2: What is the Quakers unifying belief?
A2: the priesthood of all believers
Q3: What have the Quakers tried to avoid?
A3: creeds and hierarchical structures
Q4: What collective movement are the Quakers associated with?
A4: the Religious Society of Friends
Q5: What types of Christianity do Quakers belong to?
A5: evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional conservative
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Quality dropped but variety increased with the introduction of microwave ovens and freezer food. "Pub grub" expanded to include British food items such as steak and ale pie, shepherd's pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, Sunday roast, ploughman's lunch, and pasties. In addition, dishes such as burgers, chicken wings, lasagne and chilli con carne are often served. Some pubs offer elaborate hot and cold snacks free to customers at Sunday lunchtimes, to prevent them getting hungry and leaving for their lunch at home.

Q1: What are foods like fish and chips and chicken wings called when they're served at a pub?
A1: Pub grub
Q2: On what day do pubs sometimes offer free snacks?
A2: Sunday
Q3: What culture's cuisine is ploughman's lunch a part of?
A3: British
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white LEDs since the emission spectrum is much narrower, characteristic of quantum confined states. There are two types of schemes for QD excitation. One uses photo excitation with a primary light source LED (typically blue or UV LEDs are used). The other is direct electrical excitation first demonstrated by Alivisatos et al.

Q1: What nanocrystals possess unique optical properties?
A1: Quantum dots
Q2: Quantum Dot LEDs can do what special skill?
A2: create almost any color on the CIE diagram
Q3: The narrowing of the emission spectrum in Quantum Dot LEDs allows them to do what?
A3: better color rendering
Q4: How many types of schemes are there in Quantum Dot LED excitation?
A4: two