LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

During the first four days of the war, the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory. On 9 June, Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt's citizens of their country's defeat. He announced his resignation on television later that day, and ceded all presidential powers to his then-Vice President Zakaria Mohieddin, who had no prior information of this decision and refused to accept the post. Hundreds of thousands of sympathizers poured into the streets in mass demonstrations throughout Egypt and across the Arab world rejecting his resignation, chanting, "We are your soldiers, Gamal!" Nasser retracted his decision the next day.

Q1: What propaganda were Arab media broadcasting at the beginning of the war?
A1: imminent Arab victory
Q2: What day did Nasser announce Egypt's defeat?
A2: 9 June
Q3: What did Nasser do about his position as President?
A3: announced his resignation
Q4: Who rejected Nasser's offer to become the new president?
A4: Zakaria Mohieddin
Q5: What did Nasser do after mass demonstrations?
A5: retracted his decision
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

During the first half of the 1920s, engineers at Western Electric, as well as independent inventors such as Orlando Marsh, developed technology for capturing sound with a microphone, amplifying it with vacuum tubes, then using the amplified signal to drive an electromagnetic recording head. Western Electric's innovations resulted in a greatly expanded and more even frequency response, creating a dramatically fuller, clearer and more natural-sounding recording. Distant or less strong sounds that were impossible to record by the old methods could now be captured. Volume was now limited only by the groove spacing on the record and the limitations of the intended playback device. Victor and Columbia licensed the new electrical system from Western Electric and began issuing electrically recorded discs in 1925. The first classical recording was of Chopin impromptus and Schubert's Litanei by Alfred Cortot for Victor.

Q1: What was an early took used to amplify sounds?
A1: vacuum tubes
Q2: What company was vital in progression of quality sound recordings?
A2: Western Electric
Q3: How early were electrically recorded discs made available for purchase?
A3: 1925
Q4: What was new about the way Western Electrics method of capturing sound?
A4: microphone
Q5: How could the sounds produced by Western Electric be described?
A5: fuller, clearer and more natural
Title: Renewable_energy_commercialization
Topic: Engineering and technology

During the five-years from the end of 2004 through 2009, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10–60 percent annually for many technologies. In 2011, UN under-secretary general Achim Steiner said: "The continuing growth in this core segment of the green economy is not happening by chance. The combination of government target-setting, policy support and stimulus funds is underpinning the renewable industry's rise and bringing the much needed transformation of our global energy system within reach." He added: "Renewable energies are expanding both in terms of investment, projects and geographical spread. In doing so, they are making an increasing contribution to combating climate change, countering energy poverty and energy insecurity".

Q1: Who was the UN under-secretary in 2011?
A1: Achim Steiner
Q2: Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity grow at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually?
A2: 2004 through 2009
Q3: Who is Achim Steiner?
A3: UN under-secretary general
Title: Post-punk
Topic: Music

During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.

Q1: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?
A1: Rough Trade
Q2: Who founded Factory?
A2: Tony Wilson
Q3: When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?
A3: 1977
Q4: Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label?
A4: Buzzcocks
Q5: When did the indoe music scene begin to grow?
A5: mid-1980s
Q6: What did many entrepreneurs interested in their local punk-influenced music scenes found?
A6: independent record labels
Q7: Who founded the record label Rough Trade?
A7: Geoff Travis
Q8: Where was Tony Wilson's Factory based?
A8: Manchester
Q9: When did some groups start looking for methods to release their music themselves?
A9: 1977
Q10: Whose label did the Buzzcocks release their Spiral Scratch EP on?
A10: their own
Title: Biodiversity
Topic: Natural sciences

During the last century, decreases in biodiversity have been increasingly observed. In 2007, German Federal Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel cited estimates that up to 30% of all species will be extinct by 2050. Of these, about one eighth of known plant species are threatened with extinction. Estimates reach as high as 140,000 species per year (based on Species-area theory). This figure indicates unsustainable ecological practices, because few species emerge each year.[citation needed] Almost all scientists acknowledge that the rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history, with extinctions occurring at rates hundreds of times higher than background extinction rates. As of 2012, some studies suggest that 25% of all mammal species could be extinct in 20 years.

Q1: Who is the German Federal Environment Minister?
A1: Sigmar Gabriel
Q2: What year did Gabriel estimate 30% of of all species will be extinct by?
A2: 2050
Q3: How many plant species are close to extinction?
A3: about one eighth
Q4: 2012 studies estimated what percentage of mammals could be extinct in 20 years?
A4: 25%
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

During the last decade, Philadelphia experienced a large shift in its age profile. In 2000, the city's population pyramid had a largely stationary shape. In 2013, the city took on an expansive pyramid shape, with an increase in the three millennial age groups, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, and 30 to 34. The city's 25- to 29-year-old age group was the city's largest age cohort. According to the 2010 Census, 343,837 (22.5%) were under the age of 18; 203,697 (13.3%) from 18 to 25; 434,385 (28.5%) from 25 to 44; 358,778 (23.5%) from 45 to 64; and 185,309 (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males. The city had 22,018 births in 2013, down from a peak 23,689 births in 2008. Philadelphia's death rate was at its lowest in at least a half-century, 13,691 deaths in 2013. Another factor attributing to the population increase is Philadelphia's immigration rate. In 2013, 12.7 percent of residents were foreign-born, just shy of the national average, 13.1 percent.

Q1: What is the city's largest age group?
A1: 25- to 29-year-old
Q2: How many people at the last census were under 18?
A2: 343,837
Q3: How many baby's were there in 2013?
A3: 22,018
Q4: How many deaths were there in 2013?
A4: 13,691
Title: Eritrea
Topic: Natural sciences

During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.

Q1: Who occupied the Red Sea coast during the last interglacial period?
A1: early anatomically modern humans
Q2: How old were the obsidian tools that were discovered by the Eritrean Research Project Team?
A2: over 125,000 years old
Q3: Where did the Research Project Team find the obsidian tools?
A3: near the Bay of Zula
Q4: What were the tools believed to have been used for by early humans?
A4: to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters
Q5: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists?
A5: Eritrean Research Project Team
Title: Anthropology
Topic: Social sciences and society

During the last three decades of the 19th century a proliferation of anthropological societies and associations occurred, most independent, most publishing their own journals, and all international in membership and association. The major theorists belonged to these organizations. They supported the gradual osmosis of anthropology curricula into the major institutions of higher learning. By 1898 the American Association for the Advancement of Science was able to report that 48 educational institutions in 13 countries had some curriculum in anthropology. None of the 75 faculty members were under a department named anthropology.

Q1: What proliferated in the last three decades of the 19th century?
A1: anthropological societies
Q2: What did all the anthropological societies allow their membership to be?
A2: international
Q3: Who belonged to these proliferating organizations?
A3: The major theorists
Q4: How many educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898?
A4: 48
Q5: How many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in?
A5: 13
Title: Canadian_football
Topic: Sports and recreation

During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as "time count" (this foul is known as "delay of game" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes. Instead of the penalty being 5 yards with the down repeated, the base penalty (except during convert attempts) becomes loss of down on first or second down, and 10 yards on third down with the down repeated. In addition, as noted previously, the referee can give possession to the defence for repeated deliberate time count violations on third down.

Q1: At which point in a game is the time the offence takes to put the ball in play measured?
A1: last three minutes of a half
Q2: How many seconds elapse before a time count penalty is assessed?
A2: 20
Q3: What is the penalty for a time count on the first two downs?
A3: loss of down
Q4: Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations?
A4: referee
Q5: How many yards does the offense lose for a time count on third down?
A5: 10
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the British Crown began to assume an increasingly large role in the affairs of the Company. A series of Acts of Parliament were passed, including the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784 and the Charter Act of 1813 which regulated the Company's affairs and established the sovereignty of the Crown over the territories that it had acquired. The Company's eventual end was precipitated by the Indian Rebellion, a conflict that had begun with the mutiny of sepoys, Indian troops under British officers and discipline. The rebellion took six months to suppress, with heavy loss of life on both sides. The following year the British government dissolved the Company and assumed direct control over India through the Government of India Act 1858, establishing the British Raj, where an appointed governor-general administered India and Queen Victoria was crowned the Empress of India. India became the empire's most valuable possession, "the Jewel in the Crown", and was the most important source of Britain's strength.

Q1: When did Britain pass the Regulating Act?
A1: 1773
Q2: When did Britain pass Pitt's India Act?
A2: 1784
Q3: When did Britain pass the Charter Act?
A3: 1813
Q4: The British East India Company was dissolved by which act?
A4: Government of India Act
Q5: Who was crowned the Empress of India?
A5: Queen Victoria
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Eisenhower's career in the post-war army stalled somewhat, as military priorities diminished; many of his friends resigned for high-paying business jobs. He was assigned to the American Battle Monuments Commission directed by General Pershing, and with the help of his brother Milton Eisenhower, then a journalist at the Agriculture Department, he produced a guide to American battlefields in Europe. He then was assigned to the Army War College and graduated in 1928. After a one-year assignment in France, Eisenhower served as executive officer to General George V. Mosely, Assistant Secretary of War, from 1929 to February 1933. Major Dwight D. Eisenhower graduated from the Army Industrial College (Washington, DC) in 1933 and later served on the faculty (it was later expanded to become the Industrial College of the Armed Services and is now known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy).

Q1: Who was the head of the American Battle Monuments Commission during this period?
A1: Pershing
Q2: During the 1920s, for what federal department did Milton Eisenhower work?
A2: Agriculture
Q3: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from the Army War College?
A3: 1928
Q4: What was the office held by George Mosely?
A4: Assistant Secretary of War
Q5: What was Eisenhower's rank in 1933?
A5: Major
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Richmond experienced a spike in overall crime, in particular, the city's murder rate. The city had 93 murders for the year of 1985, with a murder rate of 41.9 killings committed per 100,000 residents. Over the next decade, the city saw a major increase in total homicides. In 1990 there were 114 murders, for a murder rate of 56.1 killings per 100,000 residents. There were 120 murders in 1995, resulting in a murder rate of 59.1 killings per 100,000 residents, one of the highest in the United States.

Q1: What crime notably increased in Richmond over the course of the 1980s?
A1: murder
Q2: In 1985, how many people were murdered in Richmond?
A2: 93
Q3: How many people per 100,000 were murdered in Richmond in 1990?
A3: 56.1
Q4: How many murders occurred in Richmond in 1995?
A4: 120
Title: Tajikistan
Topic: Geography and places

During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand between 1910 and 1913. Further violence occurred in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I. Despite Russian troops quickly bringing Khujand back under control, clashes continued throughout the year in various locations in Tajikistan.[citation needed]

Q1: What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century?
A1: an Islamic social movement throughout the region
Q2: Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists?
A2: Russians
Q3: When was the uprising against the Khanate of Kokand?
A3: between 1910 and 1913
Q4: Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand?
A4: the threat of forced conscription during World War I
Title: Cubism
Topic: Art and architecture

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Europeans were discovering African, Polynesian, Micronesian and Native American art. Artists such as Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso were intrigued and inspired by the stark power and simplicity of styles of those foreign cultures. Around 1906, Picasso met Matisse through Gertrude Stein, at a time when both artists had recently acquired an interest in primitivism, Iberian sculpture, African art and African tribal masks. They became friendly rivals and competed with each other throughout their careers, perhaps leading to Picasso entering a new period in his work by 1907, marked by the influence of Greek, Iberian and African art. Picasso's paintings of 1907 have been characterized as Protocubism, as notably seen in Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, the antecedent of Cubism.

Q1: Which artists in the early 19th and 20th century inspired by the newly discovered African, Native American, Micro and Polynesian art?
A1: Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso
Q2: What about the Native cultures art inspired Matisse, Picasso, and Gauguin?
A2: stark power and simplicity
Q3: Who did Picasso meet around 1906 that had also recenelty learned about Primitivism? 
A3: Gertrude Stein,
Q4: What were Picasso's 1907 paintings usually characterized by? 
A4: Protocubism
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

During the late 19th century, several Gilded Age mansions reflecting the wealth of industry and shipping magnates were built east and west of the current downtown, along the major avenues of the Woodward plan. Most notable among them was the David Whitney House located at 4421 Woodward Avenue, which became a prime location for mansions. During this period some referred to Detroit as the Paris of the West for its architecture, grand avenues in the Paris style, and for Washington Boulevard, recently electrified by Thomas Edison. The city had grown steadily from the 1830s with the rise of shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing industries. Strategically located along the Great Lakes waterway, Detroit emerged as a major port and transportation hub.

Q1: What was a nickname for Detroit in the late 19th century?
A1: Paris of the West
Q2: On which waterway is Detroit located?
A2: Great Lakes
Q3: What is the most famous mansion in Detroit?
A3: David Whitney House
Q4: Which street became known for it's mansions?
A4: Woodward Avenue
Q5: Who electrified Detroit?
A5: Thomas Edison
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

During the late 6th century BC, the first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring populations was established under the Orontid Dynasty within the Achaemenid Empire, as part of the latters' territories. The kingdom became fully sovereign from the sphere of influence of the Seleucid Empire in 190 BC under King Artaxias I and begun the rule of the Artaxiad dynasty. Armenia reached its height between 95 and 66 BC under Tigranes the Great, becoming the most powerful kingdom of its time east of the Roman Republic.

Q1: Under who did Areminia become fully sovereign?
A1: King Artaxias I
Q2: What Empire did the Orontid Dynasty belong to?
A2: Achaemenid Empire
Q3: When did Armenia reach it's peak?
A3: between 95 and 66 BC
Q4: Which ruler is responsible for Armenias prosperity?
A4: Tigranes the Great
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

During the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100 to 1050 BC, with the island's predominantly Greek character dating from this period. Cyprus occupies an important role in Greek mythology being the birthplace of Aphrodite and Adonis, and home to King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion. Beginning in the 8th century BC Phoenician colonies were founded on the south coast of Cyprus, near present-day Larnaca and Salamis.

Q1: During what Age did Cyprus experience two waves of Greek settlement?
A1: late Bronze Age
Q2: Who did the first wave of Greek settlement consist of?
A2: Mycenaean Greek traders
Q3: What year did Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus begin visiting Cyprus?
A3: 1400 BC
Q4: Cyprus is the birthplace of what two Greek mythological figures?
A4: Aphrodite and Adonis
Q5: Cyprus is home to which Greek mythological figures?
A5: King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

During the late medieval period, cotton became known as an imported fiber in northern Europe, without any knowledge of how it was derived, other than that it was a plant. Because Herodotus had written in his Histories, Book III, 106, that in India trees grew in the wild producing wool, it was assumed that the plant was a tree, rather than a shrub. This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in several Germanic languages, such as German Baumwolle, which translates as "tree wool" (Baum means "tree"; Wolle means "wool"). Noting its similarities to wool, people in the region could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep. John Mandeville, writing in 1350, stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: "There grew there [India] a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the endes of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungrie  [sic]." (See Vegetable Lamb of Tartary.) By the end of the 16th century, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions in Asia and the Americas.

Q1: In the late medieval period in Europe as what was cotton viewed?
A1: imported fiber
Q2: What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree?
A2: Herodotus
Q3: What 1350 writer stated that cotton was produced by sheep that grew on trees?
A3: John Mandeville
Q4: By the end of what century was cotton grown in the Americas and Asia?
A4: 16th century
Q5: Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in plants?
A5: similarities to wool
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

During the later Roman Empire, the principal military developments were attempts to create an effective cavalry force as well as the continued development of highly specialised types of troops. The creation of heavily armoured cataphract-type soldiers as cavalry was an important feature of the 5th-century Roman military. The various invading tribes had differing emphasis on types of soldiers—ranging from the primarily infantry Anglo-Saxon invaders of Britain to the Vandals and Visigoths, who had a high proportion of cavalry in their armies. During the early invasion period, the stirrup had not been introduced into warfare, which limited the usefulness of cavalry as shock troops because it was not possible to put the full force of the horse and rider behind blows struck by the rider. The greatest change in military affairs during the invasion period was the adoption of the Hunnic composite bow in place of the earlier, and weaker, Scythian composite bow. Another development was the increasing use of longswords and the progressive replacement of scale armour by mail armour and lamellar armour.

Q1: What was the primary military arm of Anglo-Saxon armies?
A1: infantry
Q2: What military arm did the Visigoths have a large amount of?
A2: cavalry
Q3: What Scythian weapon was used during this era?
A3: composite bow
Q4: What weapon replaced the Scythian composite bow?
A4: Hunnic composite bow
Q5: Along with lamellar armor, what armor replaced scale armor?
A5: mail
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur. These served as the capitals of the Malla confederation of Nepal. These states competed with each other in the arts, architecture, aesthetics, and trade, resulting in tremendous development. The kings of this period directly influenced or involved themselves in the construction of public buildings, squares, and temples, as well as the development of water spouts, the institutionalization of trusts (called guthis), the codification of laws, the writing of dramas, and the performance of plays in city squares. Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla. Books have been found from this era that describe their tantric tradition (e.g. Tantrakhyan), medicine (e.g. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history. Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found. Architecturally notable buildings from this era include Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the former durbar of Kirtipur, Nyatapola, Kumbheshwar, the Krishna temple, and others.

Q1: How many cities were present in the Kathmandu Valley in the late Malla period?
A1: four
Q2: In the waning years of the Malla dynasty, what fortified cities existed in the Kathmandu Valley?
A2: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur
Q3: What cultures influenced Nepal in the later Malla era?
A3: India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe
Q4: What is an example of a book of medicine from the Malla period?
A4: Haramekhala
Q5: When does Amarkosh date to?
A5: 1381
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

During the later stages of World War II, the entire Cold War, and to a lesser extent afterwards, uranium-235 has been used as the fissile explosive material to produce nuclear weapons. Initially, two major types of fission bombs were built: a relatively simple device that uses uranium-235 and a more complicated mechanism that uses plutonium-239 derived from uranium-238. Later, a much more complicated and far more powerful type of fission/fusion bomb (thermonuclear weapon) was built, that uses a plutonium-based device to cause a mixture of tritium and deuterium to undergo nuclear fusion. Such bombs are jacketed in a non-fissile (unenriched) uranium case, and they derive more than half their power from the fission of this material by fast neutrons from the nuclear fusion process.

Q1: During what war was uranium-235 first used to create nuclear weapons?
A1: World War II
Q2: From what isotope of uranium is plutonium-239 derived?
A2: 238
Q3: What is mixed with tritium and experiences nuclear fusion in a fission/fusion bomb?
A3: deuterium
Q4: What is another name for a fission/fusion bomb?
A4: thermonuclear weapon
Q5: What does non-fissile mean?
A5: unenriched
Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis
Topic: Geography and places

During the latter half of the 20th century, Washington University transitioned from a strong regional university to a national research institution. In 1957, planning began for the construction of the “South 40,” a complex of modern residential halls. With the additional on-campus housing, Washington University, which had been predominantly a “streetcar college” of commuter students, began to attract a more national pool of applicants. By 1964, over two-thirds of incoming students came from outside the St. Louis area.

Q1: When did Washington University begin construction of a complex of residential halls?
A1: 1957
Q2: What name was given to the new residential complex constructed at Washington University?
A2: South 40
Q3: How did the construction of the new residential complex at Washington University affect the student population?
A3: began to attract a more national pool of applicants
Q4: What proportion of students at Washington University came from outside the St. Louis area by 1964?
A4: over two-thirds
Q5: When did Washington University transition to a national research institution?
A5: During the latter half of the 20th century,
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

During the latter half of the 20th century, a more diverse range of industry also came to the city, including aircraft and car manufacture, cables, electrical engineering products, and petrochemicals. These now exist alongside the city's older industries of the docks, grain milling, and tobacco processing.

Q1: What century saw more diverse industries come to Southampton?
A1: 20th
Q2: Southampton's range of industries includes the manufacture of cars and what other transport?
A2: aircraft
Q3: What kind of engineering does industry in Southampton support?
A3: electrical
Q4: Along with the docks and grain mills, what crop has been processed in Southampton for a long time?
A4: tobacco
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available." The 1982 amendment to the ESA added the word "solely" to prevent any consideration other than the biological status of the species. Congress rejected President Ronald Reagan's Executive Order 12291 which required economic analysis of all government agency actions. The House committee's statement was "that economic considerations have no relevance to determinations regarding the status of species."

Q1: What word was added to the Endangered Species Act in 1982?
A1: "solely"
Q2: Because of the change to the Endangered Species Act in 1982, what is the only consideration for being listed as endangered?
A2: the biological status of the species
Q3: Which president issued an Executive Order that required financial consideration of all government actions?
A3: Ronald Reagan
Q4: What did Congress do to the Executive Order that would have included financial considerations as a factor for a species to be listed?
A4: Congress rejected
Title: Miami
Topic: Geography and places

During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built. In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on houses. This rapid high-rise construction, has led to fast population growth in the city's inner neighborhoods, primarily in Downtown, Brickell and Edgewater, with these neighborhoods becoming the fastest-growing areas in the city. The Miami area ranks 8th in the nation in foreclosures. In 2011, Forbes magazine named Miami the second-most miserable city in the United States due to its high foreclosure rate and past decade of corruption among public officials. In 2012, Forbes magazine named Miami the most miserable city in the United States because of a crippling housing crisis that has cost multitudes of residents their homes and jobs. The metro area has one of the highest violent crime rates in the country and workers face lengthy daily commutes.

Q1: When did the Florida land boom occur?
A1: 1920s
Q2: What year saw the crash of the Miami housing market?
A2: 2007
Q3: Where does the area around Miami rank nationally in terms of foreclosures?
A3: 8th
Q4: Along with its political corruption, why did Forbes call Miami the country's second most miserable city in 2011?
A4: high foreclosure rate
Q5: In what year did Forbes call Miami the country's most miserable city?
A5: 2012
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

During the middle decades of the 18th century, there were several outbreaks of military conflict on the Indian subcontinent, the Carnatic Wars, as the English East India Company (the Company) and its French counterpart, the Compagnie française des Indes orientales, struggled alongside local rulers to fill the vacuum that had been left by the decline of the Mughal Empire. The Battle of Plassey in 1757, in which the British, led by Robert Clive, defeated the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies, left the Company in control of Bengal and as the major military and political power in India. France was left control of its enclaves but with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states, ending French hopes of controlling India. In the following decades the Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army, the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys.

Q1: What was the French equivalent of the English East India Company?
A1: Compagnie française des Indes orientales
Q2: When was the Battle of Plassey?
A2: 1757
Q3: Who led the British in the Battle of Plassey?
A3: Robert Clive
Q4: Where were the Carnatic Wars?
A4: British Indian Army
Q5: What was the British Indian Army mostly composed of?
A5: Indian sepoys
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

During the night of December 2 and early morning of December 3, 1968, Kerry was in charge of a small boat operating near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay together with a Swift boat (PCF-60). According to Kerry and the two crewmen who accompanied him that night, Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis, they surprised a group of Vietnamese men unloading sampans at a river crossing, who began running and failed to obey an order to stop. As the men fled, Kerry and his crew opened fire on the sampans and destroyed them, then rapidly left. During this encounter, Kerry received a shrapnel wound in the left arm above the elbow. It was for this injury that Kerry received his first Purple Heart Medal.

Q1: Where was Kerry's boat on Dec 2-3, 1968?
A1: near a peninsula north of Cam Ranh Bay
Q2: How many crew were with Kerry?
A2: two
Q3: Who were in Kerry's crew?
A3: Patrick Runyon and William Zaladonis
Q4: What did Kerry's crew destroy?
A4: sampans
Q5: Where was Kerry injured?
A5: in the left arm above the elbow
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

During the oil boom of the 1970s, Nigeria joined OPEC and the huge revenue generated made the economy richer. Despite huge revenues from oil production and sale, the military administration did little to improve the standard of living of the population, help small and medium businesses, or invest in infrastructure. As oil revenues fuelled the rise of federal subventions to states, the federal government became the centre of political struggle and the threshold of power in the country. As oil production and revenue rose, the Nigerian government became increasingly dependent on oil revenues and the international commodity markets for budgetary and economic concerns. It did not develop other sources of the economy for economic stability. That spelled doom to federalism in Nigeria.

Q1: Which oil group did Nigeria join?
A1: OPEC
Q2: Who failed to use the oil revenues to invest in infrastructure?
A2: the military administration
Q3: Overdependence on oil income led to the fall of what form of government in Nigeria?
A3: federalism
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

During the period between 1582, when the first countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, and 1923, when the last European country adopted it, it was often necessary to indicate the date of some event in both the Julian calendar and in the Gregorian calendar, for example, "10/21 February 1750/51", where the dual year accounts for some countries already beginning their numbered year on 1 January while others were still using some other date. Even before 1582, the year sometimes had to be double dated because of the different beginnings of the year in various countries. Woolley, writing in his biography of John Dee (1527–1608/9), notes that immediately after 1582 English letter writers "customarily" used "two dates" on their letters, one OS and one NS.

Q1: When did the last country to adopt the Gregorian calendar start using it?
A1: 1923
Q2: At what date did the first country start using the new calendar?
A2: 1582
Q3: How which calendar did some countries notate the date?
A3: in both
Q4: Who said that English writers usually used both dates on writings?
A4: Woolley
Q5: What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents?
A5: different beginnings of the year
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Topic: History

During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unjustified was "suspiciously low." In the same time period, the FBI wounded 150 people, 70 of whom died; the FBI found all 150 shootings to be justified. Likewise, during the period from 2011 to the present, all shootings by FBI agents have been found to be justified by internal investigation. In a 2002 case in Maryland, an innocent man was shot, and later paid $1.3 million by the FBI after agents mistook him for a bank robber; the internal investigation found that the shooting was justified, based on the man's actions.

Q1: How many times did FBI agents first their weapons from 1993 to 2011?
A1: 289
Q2: How many times were FBI shots not justified?
A2: 5 cases
Q3: How many people were wounded in the cases where FBI shooting was not justified?
A3: none
Q4: How did Samuel Walker describe the number of unjustified shots fired?
A4: suspiciously low
Q5: On what was the shooting of an innocent Maryland man deemed justified?
A5: the man's actions
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

During the period from 2000–2005 it is estimated that 49,722 people left the state for the United States. Some 82,000 people are thought to have immigrated to the state from 2000–2005 mainly coming from Veracruz (17.6%), United States (16.2%), Durango (13.2%), Coahuila (8.0%) and Chiapas (4.5%). It is believed that there is a large number of undocumented immigrants in that state the come from Central and South America which mainly settle in Ciudad Juárez. According to the 2005 census, the population grew 1.06% from 2000 to 2005. The state has an uneven settlement of people and the lowest population density of any Mexican state; according to the 2005 census there were 12 people per km2. Of all the 3,241,444 people in the state, two-thirds (2,072,129) live in the cities of Ciudad Juárez and Chihuahua. Only three other cities have populations over 100,000: Parral 101,147, Cuauhtémoc 105,725, and Delicias 108,187.

Q1: How many people left the state for the U.S. between 2000-2005?
A1: 49,722
Q2: In which city is there a large number of undocumented immigrants?
A2: Ciudad Juárez
Q3: Is the population density the highest or lowest of any Mexican state?
A3: lowest
Q4: Which are the largest two cities in the state?
A4: Ciudad Juárez and Chihuahua
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

During the period in which the populares party controlled the city, they flouted convention by re-electing Marius consul several times without observing the customary ten-year interval between offices. They also transgressed the established oligarchy by advancing unelected individuals to magisterial office, and by substituting magisterial edicts for popular legislation. Sulla soon made peace with Mithridates. In 83 BC, he returned to Rome, overcame all resistance, and recaptured the city. Sulla and his supporters then slaughtered most of Marius' supporters. Sulla, having observed the violent results of radical popular reforms, was naturally conservative. As such, he sought to strengthen the aristocracy, and by extension the senate. Sulla made himself dictator, passed a series of constitutional reforms, resigned the dictatorship, and served one last term as consul. He died in 78 BC.

Q1: How many years was normal to span between offices prior to the populares controlling the city?
A1: ten-year interval
Q2: In what year did Sulla succesfully take over the populares controlled city?
A2: 83 BC
Q3: Who were slaughtered upon the arrival of Sulla in Rome?
A3: most of Marius' supporters
Q4: In what year did Sulla die?
A4: 78 BC
Q5: Which leader had achieved peace with Mithridates?
A5: Sulla
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yogacara have a great deal in common, and the commonality stems from early Buddhism. There were no great Indian teachers associated with tathagatagarbha thought.

Q1: What four types of thought developed during the period of late mahayna buddhism?
A1: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic
Q2: What was the latest thought type?
A2: Buddhist Logic
Q3: In India the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were Madhyamaka and what else?
A3: Yogacara
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

During the period of North–South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had about 5.1 people at that time, the city had more than 1.4 million residents.

Q1: How long was Nanjing the capital of the Southern dynasties?
A1: more than two and a half centuries
Q2: During the time of the North–South division, what city was the center of East Asia?
A2: Nanjing
Q3: During the time of the North–South division, how many households were in Nanjing?
A3: 280,000 registered households
Q4: What is the estimated population of Nanjing during that time?
A4: more than 1.4 million residents
Q5: Where did the information on registered households during that period originate?
A5: historical documents
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

During the period of the Napoleonic Wars, the East India Company arranged for letters of marque for its vessels such as the Lord Nelson. This was not so that they could carry cannon to fend off warships, privateers and pirates on their voyages to India and China (that they could do without permission) but so that, should they have the opportunity to take a prize, they could do so without being guilty of piracy. Similarly, the Earl of Mornington, an East India Company packet ship of only six guns, also sailed under a letter of marque.

Q1: During what war Did the EIC get letter of marque for its vessels
A1: Napoleonic Wars
Q2: Why did EIC want tthe letters of marque most?
A2: should they have the opportunity to take a prize, they could do so without being guilty of piracy
Q3: With out the letters of marque what wepon did  they have to protect themself that was a part of their ship?
A3: cannon
Q4: The Earl of Mornington would have how many ___ guns on the EIc ships?
A4: six
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such as Les Menuires. Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began to see increases in winter visitors. From 1980 to the present, ski-lifts have been modernized and snow-making machines installed at many resorts, leading to concerns regarding the loss of traditional Alpine culture and questions regarding sustainable development as the winter ski industry continues to develop quickly and the number of summer tourists decline.

Q1: When were ski-lifts built in Swiss and Austrian towns?
A1: post-World War I
Q2: When were several new villages built in France almost exclusively for skiing?
A2: the 1970s
Q3: Where is Les Menuires located? 
A3: France
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

During the presidential referendum in Egypt, Nasser was re-elected to a second term as UAR president and took his oath on 25 March 1965. He was the only candidate for the position, with virtually all of his political opponents forbidden by law from running for office, and his fellow party members reduced to mere followers. That same year, Nasser had the Muslim Brotherhood chief ideologue Sayyed Qutb imprisoned. Qutb was charged and found guilty by the court of plotting to assassinate Nasser, and was executed in 1966. Beginning in 1966, as Egypt's economy slowed and government debt became increasingly burdensome, Nasser began to ease state control over the private sector, encouraging state-owned bank loans to private business and introducing incentives to increase exports. During the 60's, the Egyptian economy went from sluggishness to the verge of collapse, the society became less free, and Nasser's appeal waned considerably.

Q1: What was Nasser's political opposition like in the 1965 election?
A1: He was the only candidate
Q2: The leader of what organization was imprisoned by Nasser?
A2: Muslim Brotherhood
Q3: What was Qutb's sentence?
A3: executed
Q4: What economic element did Nasser try to encourage with bank loans?
A4: private sector
Q5: How did Egypt's economy do during the 1960s?
A5: from sluggishness to the verge of collapse
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

During the process of meiotic cell division, an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over can sometimes occur, in which a length of DNA on one chromatid is swapped with a length of DNA on the corresponding sister chromatid. This has no effect if the alleles on the chromatids are the same, but results in reassortment of otherwise linked alleles if they are different.:5.5 The Mendelian principle of independent assortment asserts that each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes; which allele an organism inherits for one trait is unrelated to which allele it inherits for another trait. This is in fact only true for genes that do not reside on the same chromosome, or are located very far from one another on the same chromosome. The closer two genes lie on the same chromosome, the more closely they will be associated in gametes and the more often they will appear together; genes that are very close are essentially never separated because it is extremely unlikely that a crossover point will occur between them. This is known as genetic linkage.

Q1: When can an event called genetic recombination or crossing-over sometimes occur?
A1: During the process of meiotic cell division
Q2: If the alleles on the chromatids are the same, what effect arises from genetic recombination? 
A2: no effect
Q3: If the alleles on the chromatids are different, what effect arises from genetic recombination? 
A3: reassortment of otherwise linked alleles
Q4: Each of a parent's two genes for each trait will sort independently into gametes according to what Mendelian principle?
A4: independent assortment
Q5: In genetic linkage, what sort of point is extremely unlikely to occur?
A5: a crossover point
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

During the regency of Maria Cristina, Espartero ruled Spain for two years as its 18th Prime Minister from 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841. Under his progressive government the old regime was tenuously reconciled to his liberal policies. During this period of upheaval in the provinces he declared that all the estates of the Church, its congregations, and its religious orders were national property—though in Valencia, most of this property was subsequently acquired by the local bourgeoisie. City life in Valencia carried on in a revolutionary climate, with frequent clashes between liberals and republicans, and the constant threat of reprisals by the Carlist troops of General Cabrera.

Q1: Who was Spain's 18th Prime Minister?
A1: Espartero
Q2: When did Espartero rule?
A2: 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841
Q3: What type of government did Espartero have?
A3: progressive
Q4: Who ended up getting most of Valencia's church property?
A4: local bourgeoisie
Q5: Whose troops threatened reprisals in Valencia?
A5: General Cabrera