LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Infection
Topic: Natural sciences

Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding then sets off a chain of events that can be visibly obvious in various ways, dependent upon the test. For example, "Strep throat" is often diagnosed within minutes, and is based on the appearance of antigens made by the causative agent, S. pyogenes, that is retrieved from a patients throat with a cotton swab. Serological tests, if available, are usually the preferred route of identification, however the tests are costly to develop and the reagents used in the test often require refrigeration. Some serological methods are extremely costly, although when commonly used, such as with the "strep test", they can be inexpensive.

Q1: What methods are highly sensitive, specifc and rapid tests used to identify microorganisms?
A1: Serological
Q2: What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to do?
A2: bind specifically to an antigen
Q3: What is the antigen bound to by the antibody usually?
A3: a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent
Q4: What does the binding set off that will result in something visibly obvious in various ways?
A4: a chain of events
Q5: What is the causative agent of "strep throat"?
A5: S. pyogenes
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Serotonin is a neuromodulator involved in regulation of mood and behavior. Development in the limbic system plays an important role in determining rewards and punishments and processing emotional experience and social information. Changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the limbic system make adolescents more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stress. The corresponding increase in emotional variability also can increase adolescents' vulnerability. The effect of serotonin is not limited to the limbic system: Several serotonin receptors have their gene expression change dramatically during adolescence, particularly in the human frontal and prefrontal cortex .

Q1: Which neuromodulator is involved in regulation of mood and behavior?
A1: Serotonin
Q2: Are the effects of serotonin limited to the limbic system?
A2: not
Q3: Serotonin is a neuromodulator that is involved in regulation of what?
A3: mood and behavior
Q4: Which system in the brain determines rewards and punishments, emotional experiences, and social information?
A4: limbic
Q5: Which two neurotransmitters cause adolescents to be more emotional and more responsive to rewards and stresses?
A5: dopamine and serotonin
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Service dogs such as guide dogs, utility dogs, assistance dogs, hearing dogs, and psychological therapy dogs provide assistance to individuals with physical or mental disabilities. Some dogs owned by epileptics have been shown to alert their handler when the handler shows signs of an impending seizure, sometimes well in advance of onset, allowing the guardian to seek safety, medication, or medical care.

Q1: What kind of dogs help people with physical or mental disabilities?
A1: Service dogs
Q2: Early warning allows epileptics to get to safety, get medication or what else?
A2: medical care.
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Service trials demonstrated another problem however: that ranging and tracking the new high-speed targets was almost impossible. At short range, the apparent target area is relatively large, the trajectory is flat and the time of flight is short, allowing to correct lead by watching the tracers. At long range, the aircraft remains in firing range for a long time, so the necessary calculations can in theory be done by slide rules - though, because small errors in distance cause large errors in shell fall height and detonation time, exact ranging is crucial. For the ranges and speeds that the Bofors worked at, neither answer was good enough.

Q1: What was shown to be practically not possible during service trials?
A1: ranging and tracking the new high-speed targets
Q2: Target area is relatively large at what range?
A2: short range
Q3: How was target lead watched at short range?
A3: by watching the tracers
Q4: At long range what, in theory, could be used to set ranging calculations?
A4: slide rules
Q5: What small errors caused large errors in shell fall height and the time until exploding?
A5: small errors in distance
Title: Kanye_West
Topic: Music

Sessions for West's sixth solo effort begin to take shape in early 2013 in his own personal loft's living room at a Paris hotel. Determined to "undermine the commercial", he once again brought together close collaborators and attempted to incorporate Chicago drill, dancehall, acid house, and industrial music. Primarily inspired by architecture, West's perfectionist tendencies led him to contact producer Rick Rubin fifteen days shy of its due date to strip down the record's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach. Initial promotion of his sixth album included worldwide video projections of the album's music and live television performances. Yeezus, West's sixth album, was released June 18, 2013 to rave reviews from critics. It became the rapper's sixth consecutive number one debut, but also marked his lowest solo opening week sales. Def Jam issued "Black Skinhead" to radio in July 2013 as the album's lead single. On September 6, 2013, Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, to support Yeezus, with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him along the way.

Q1: Where did Kanye begin production on his sixth album?
A1: Paris
Q2: What became the name of his sixth studio album?
A2: Yeezus
Q3: Who did Kanye tour alongside of in order to promote the efforts of Yeezus?
A3: Kendrick Lamar
Q4: In what year did Kanye West begin working on his sixth album?
A4: 2013
Q5: What was the inspiration behind Kanye West's decision to call Rick Rubin?
A5: architecture
Q6: What was the name of Kanye's sixth album?
A6: Yeezus
Q7: On what date was Yeezus released?
A7: June 18, 2013
Q8: What artist did Kanye go on tour with while promoting album number six?
A8: Kendrick Lamar
Title: Renewable_energy_commercialization
Topic: Engineering and technology

Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of a renewable energy policy and these targets are usually defined as a percentage of the primary energy and/or electricity generation mix. For example, the European Union has prescribed an indicative renewable energy target of 12 per cent of the total EU energy mix and 22 per cent of electricity consumption by 2010. National targets for individual EU Member States have also been set to meet the overall target. Other developed countries with defined national or regional targets include Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, and some US States.

Q1: Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of what?
A1: renewable energy policy
Q2: The European Union has prescribed an indicative renewable energy target of what percent?
A2: 12 per cent of the total EU energy mix
Q3: Name one outher country with defined national or regional target?
A3: Australia
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

Sevastopol fell after eleven months, and formerly neutral countries began to join the allied cause. Isolated and facing a bleak prospect of invasion from the west if the war continued, Russia sued for peace in March 1856. This was welcomed by France and the UK, where the citizens began to turn against their governments as the war dragged on. The war was officially ended by the Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 March 1856. Russia lost the war, and was forbidden from hosting warships in the Black Sea. The Ottoman vassal states of Wallachia and Moldavia became largely independent. Christians were granted a degree of official equality, and the Orthodox church regained control of the Christian churches in dispute.:415

Q1: How long did it take for Sevastopol to fall?
A1: eleven months
Q2: Who wanted peace when they feared of being invaded from the west?
A2: Russia
Q3: What was the name of the treaty that ended the war?
A3: Treaty of Paris
Q4: When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
A4: 30 March 1856
Q5: Who regained control of the Christian churches after the war was over?
A5: Orthodox church
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double, namely Preston North End (1889), Aston Villa (1897), Tottenham Hotspur (1961), Arsenal (1971, 1998, 2002), Liverpool (1986), Manchester United (1994, 1996, 1999) and Chelsea (2010). In 1993, Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the League Cup in the same season when they beat Sheffield Wednesday 2–1 in both finals. Liverpool (in 2001) and Chelsea (in 2007) have since repeated this feat. In 2012, Chelsea accomplished a different cup double consisting of the FA Cup and the 2012 Champions League. In 1998–99, Manchester United added the 1999 Champions League title to their league and cup double to complete a unique Treble. Two years later, in 2000–01, Liverpool won the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup to complete a cup treble. An English Treble has never been achieved.

Q1: How many clubs have won the fa cup as part of a league cup double? 
A1: Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double
Q2: Who was the first clubs have won the fa cup as part of a league cup double? 
A2: Preston North End (1889)
Q3: Who was the latest clubs have won the fa cup as part of a league cup double? 
A3: Chelsea (2010)
Q4: Has any club won both in a same season? 
A4: Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the League Cup in the same season
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Several Americans, especially Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, played a major role in bringing Enlightenment ideas to the New World and in influencing British and French thinkers. Franklin was influential for his political activism and for his advances in physics. The cultural exchange during the Age of Enlightenment ran in both directions across the Atlantic. Thinkers such as Paine, Locke, and Rousseau all take Native American cultural practices as examples of natural freedom. The Americans closely followed English and Scottish political ideas, as well as some French thinkers such as Montesquieu. As deists, they were influenced by ideas of John Toland (1670–1722) and Matthew Tindal (1656–1733). During the Enlightenment there was a great emphasis upon liberty, democracy, republicanism and religious tolerance. Attempts to reconcile science and religion resulted in a widespread rejection of prophecy, miracle and revealed religion in preference for Deism – especially by Thomas Paine in The Age of Reason and by Thomas Jefferson in his short Jefferson Bible – from which all supernatural aspects were removed.

Q1: Which American Enlightenment sympathiser was known for his political activism and advances in physics?
A1: Benjamin Franklin
Q2: Did the cultural exchange during the Age of Enlightenment travel exclusively to America or did information travel in both directions, back across the Atlantic to Europe?
A2: both directions
Q3: As diests, Americans were influenced by the ideas of which two Enlightenment followers?
A3: John Toland (1670–1722) and Matthew Tindal (1656–1733)
Q4: Attempts to reconcile which two fields resulted in a widespread rejection of prophecy?
A4: science and religion
Q5: All supernatural aspects were removed from which Thomas Paine work?
A5: The Age of Reason
Title: Carnival
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Several Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess Nerthus. Also there are some indications that the effigy of Nerthus or Freyr was placed on a ship with wheels and accompanied by a procession of people in animal disguise and men in women's clothes. Aboard the ship would the marriage of a man and woman be consummated as a fertility ritual.

Q1: What did a bunch of Germanic tribes celebrate?
A1: the returning of the daylight
Q2: How was the ship carrying a predominant deity moved around during the jubilee?
A2: on wheels
Q3: Why was the winter driven out?
A3: to make sure that fertility could return in spring
Q4: What is Nerthus the goddess of?
A4: fertility
Q5: How would the marriage of a man and woman on the ship serve as a fertility ritual?
A5: be consummated
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

Several Islamic kingdoms (sultanates) under both foreign and, newly converted, Rajput rulers were established across the north western subcontinent (Afghanistan and Pakistan) over a period of a few centuries. From the 10th century, Sindh was ruled by the Rajput Soomra dynasty, and later, in the mid-13th century by the Rajput Samma dynasty. Additionally, Muslim trading communities flourished throughout coastal south India, particularly on the western coast where Muslim traders arrived in small numbers, mainly from the Arabian peninsula. This marked the introduction of a third Abrahamic Middle Eastern religion, following Judaism and Christianity, often in puritanical form. Mahmud of Ghazni in the early 11th century raided mainly the north-western parts of the Indian sub-continent 17 times, but he did not seek to establish "permanent dominion" in those areas.

Q1: In what areas of India were Islamic kingdoms formed over a period of centuries?
A1: Afghanistan and Pakistan
Q2: What Muslim endeavors thrived on the coastal areas of south India? 
A2: trading communities
Q3: Which south Indian coast was favored by Muslim traders?
A3: western coast
Q4: From where did the Arab traders come in order to trade on the west coast of India?
A4: Arabian peninsula
Q5: Besides the newly introduced Islamic religion, what other Abrahamic religions were practiced in India?
A5: Judaism and Christianity
Title: Exhibition_game
Topic: Sports and recreation

Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season. Similarly, the New York Yankees played in the Mayor's Trophy Game against various local rivals from 1946 to 1983.

Q1: What development has made it unnecessary for MLB teams to play exhibition games with teams from other leagues?
A1: regular-season interleague play
Q2: What league are the Toronto Bluejays in?
A2: American League
Q3: What league are the Montreal Expos in?
A3: National League
Q4: What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos?
A4: the Pearson Cup
Q5: When did the Mayor's Trophy Game end?
A5: 1983
Title: Muslim_world
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Several Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the number of scientific research papers in 10 years with the total number of universities increasing from 115 in 2001 to over 400 in 2012.[citation needed] Saudi Arabia has established the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. United Arab Emirates has invested in Zayed University, United Arab Emirates University, and Masdar Institute of Science and Technology[clarification needed]

Q1: Which organization for scientific publications was established in Pakistan in 2002?
A1: Higher Education Commission
Q2: How much did the Higher Education Commission impact the number of PhDs in Pakistan?
A2: 5-fold increase
Q3: How many universities were in Pakistan in 2001?
A3: 115
Q4: What science university did Saudi Arabia establish?
A4: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Q5: Where is Zayed University?
A5: United Arab Emirates
Title: Southern_Europe
Topic: Geography and places

Several South Slavic languages are spoken by millions of people in Southern Europe. Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia.

Q1: What language is used in Macedonia?
A1: Macedonian
Q2: What do people speak in Bulgaria?
A2: Bulgarian
Q3: Slovene is a major language in what country?
A3: Slovenia
Title: Animal
Topic: Natural sciences

Several animal phyla are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry, and are thought to have diverged from other animals early in evolution. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) were long thought to have diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum. They lack the complex organization found in most other phyla. Their cells are differentiated, but in most cases not organized into distinct tissues. Sponges typically feed by drawing in water through pores. However, a series of phylogenomic studies from 2008-2015 have found support for Ctenophora, or comb jellies, as the basal lineage of animals. This result has been controversial, since it would imply that that sponges may not be so primitive, but may instead be secondarily simplified. Other researchers have argued that the placement of Ctenophora as the earliest-diverging animal phylum is a statistical anomaly caused by the high rate of evolution in ctenophore genomes.

Q1: Animal phyla that are recognized for their lack of bilateral symmetry are thought to have come from where?
A1: other animals early in evolution
Q2: Which animal represents the oldest animal phyla?
A2: sponges
Q3: How do sponges typically feed?
A3: drawing in water through pores
Q4: During what time were a series of phylogenomic studies conducted that found support for comb jellies as the basal lineage of animals?
A4: 2008-2015
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Several annual events—many of them centered on performing and visual arts—draw visitors to Ann Arbor. One such event is the Ann Arbor Art Fairs, a set of four concurrent juried fairs held on downtown streets. Scheduled on Wednesday through Saturday of the third week of July, the fairs draw upward of half a million visitors. Another is the Ann Arbor Film Festival, held during the third week of March, which receives more than 2,500 submissions annually from more than 40 countries and serves as one of a handful of Academy Award–qualifying festivals in the United States.

Q1: What type of Art fairs are held at Ann Arbor?
A1: juried fairs
Q2: What is the name of the film festival held at Ann Arbor?
A2: Ann Arbor Film Festival
Q3: How many submissions does the Ann arbor film festival receive?
A3: 2,500
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

Several bit rates are specified in the MPEG-1 Audio Layer III standard: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 and 320 kbit/s, with available sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz. MPEG-2 Audio Layer III allows bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 kbit/s with sampling frequencies of 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz. MPEG-2.5 Audio Layer III is restricted to bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 and 64 kbit/s with sampling frequencies of 8, 11.025, and 12 kHz.[citation needed] Because of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, frequency reproduction is always strictly less than half of the sampling frequency, and imperfect filters requires a larger margin for error (noise level versus sharpness of filter), so 8 kHz sampling rate limits the maximum frequency to 4 kHz, while 48 kHz maximum sampling rate limits an MP3 to 24 kHz sound reproduction.

Q1: What is the name of the sampling theorem?
A1: Nyquist–Shannon
Q2: In relation to the sampling frequency, the frequency reproduction is strictly how much less?
A2: less than half
Q3: What kind of filter requires a larger margin for error?
A3: imperfect filters
Q4: Having an 8 kHz sampling rate would limit the maximum frequency to how much?
A4: 4 kHz
Q5: A sound reproduction of 24 kHz would represent which value of a maximum sampling rate?
A5: 48
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Under consideration for future development is the construction of a platform over the New York City Subway's Concourse Yard adjacent to Lehman College. The construction would permit approximately 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of development and would cost US$350–500 million.

Q1: What was the largest armory in the world?
A1: Kingsbridge Armory
Q2: What is Kingsbridge Armory being turned into?
A2: Kingsbridge National Ice Center
Q3: Where is a La Quinta being built in the Bronx?
A3: the Mott Haven waterfront
Q4: How much development space would a Concourse Yard platform provide?
A4: 2,000,000 square feet
Q5: How much would a Concourse Yard platform cost?
A5: US$350–500 million
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Several bronze-era states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1500–1200 BC). The Nairi people (12th to 9th centuries BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (1000–600 BC) successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. A large cuneiform lapidary inscription found in Yerevan established that the modern capital of Armenia was founded in the summer of 782 BC by King Argishti I. Yerevan is the world's oldest city to have documented the exact date of its foundation.

Q1: When was the capital of Armenia established?
A1: 782 BC
Q2: What is the capital of Armenia?
A2: Yerevan
Q3: Who ruled Armenia in 782 BC?
A3: King Argishti I
Q4: The founding of which city was the first to be ever recorded?
A4: Yerevan
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

Several campus safety strategies have been pioneered at Yale. The first campus police force was founded at Yale in 1894, when the university contracted city police officers to exclusively cover the campus. Later hired by the university, the officers were originally brought in to quell unrest between students and city residents and curb destructive student behavior. In addition to the Yale Police Department, a variety of safety services are available including blue phones, a safety escort, and 24-hour shuttle service.

Q1: When were the first campus police formed at Yale?
A1: 1894
Q2: Who were the the first campus police composed of?
A2: city police officers
Q3: Why was the campus police established?
A3: quell unrest between students and city residents
Q4: What other safety measures are available at Yale besides campus police?
A4: blue phones, a safety escort, and 24-hour shuttle service.
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

Several certification programs exist to support the professional aspirations of software testers and quality assurance specialists. No certification now offered actually requires the applicant to show their ability to test software. No certification is based on a widely accepted body of knowledge. This has led some to declare that the testing field is not ready for certification. Certification itself cannot measure an individual's productivity, their skill, or practical knowledge, and cannot guarantee their competence, or professionalism as a tester.

Q1: With several certifications out there that can be aquired, what is the one trait they all share?
A1: requires the applicant to show their ability to test software
Q2: What has the inability for the applicant to show how well they test led to?
A2: testing field is not ready for certification
Q3: What four traits can a certification not measure?
A3: individual's productivity, their skill, or practical knowledge
Title: Utrecht
Topic: History

Several churches and monasteries were built inside, or close to, the city of Utrecht. The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress. The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire. The choir and transept were finished from 1320 and were followed then by the ambitious Dom tower. The last part to be constructed was the central nave, from 1420. By that time, however, the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished, the construction of the central nave being suspended before the planned flying buttresses could be finished. Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht: St. Salvator's Church (demolished in the 16th century), on the Dom square, dating back to the early 8th century. Saint John (Janskerk), originating in 1040; Saint Peter, building started in 1039 and Saint Mary's church building started around 1090 (demolished in the early 19th century, cloister survives). Besides these churches the city housed St. Paul's Abbey, the 15th-century beguinage of St. Nicholas, and a 14th-century chapter house of the Teutonic Knights.

Q1: What was the Most dominant Cathedral in Utrecht
A1: The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress
Q2: What began in 1254 
A2: The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire
Q3: Was the cathedral finished 
A3: the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished
Q4: How many collegiate churches existed in Utecht besides the cathedral
A4: Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht
Q5: What else was housed in the city 
A5: the city housed St. Paul's Abbey, the 15th-century beguinage of St. Nicholas, and a 14th-century chapter house of the Teutonic Knights.
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

Several commentators have suggested that if the liquidity crisis continues, an extended recession or worse could occur. The continuing development of the crisis has prompted fears of a global economic collapse although there are now many cautiously optimistic forecasters in addition to some prominent sources who remain negative. The financial crisis is likely to yield the biggest banking shakeout since the savings-and-loan meltdown. Investment bank UBS stated on October 6 that 2008 would see a clear global recession, with recovery unlikely for at least two years. Three days later UBS economists announced that the "beginning of the end" of the crisis had begun, with the world starting to make the necessary actions to fix the crisis: capital injection by governments; injection made systemically; interest rate cuts to help borrowers. The United Kingdom had started systemic injection, and the world's central banks were now cutting interest rates. UBS emphasized the United States needed to implement systemic injection. UBS further emphasized that this fixes only the financial crisis, but that in economic terms "the worst is still to come". UBS quantified their expected recession durations on October 16: the Eurozone's would last two quarters, the United States' would last three quarters, and the United Kingdom's would last four quarters. The economic crisis in Iceland involved all three of the country's major banks. Relative to the size of its economy, Iceland’s banking collapse is the largest suffered by any country in economic history.

Q1: In 2008, what type collapse was feared?
A1: global economic collapse
Q2: What investment bank stated on October 6 that 2008 would see a global recession lasting for at least two years?
A2: UBS
Q3: On October 16, 2008, how long did UBS predict the United States' recession would last?
A3: three quarters
Q4: Relative to the size of its economy, what country's banking collapse was the largest experienced by any country in economic history?
A4: Iceland
Q5: What was one of the actions taken by government to fix the financial crisis?
A5: capital injection
Title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

Several companies, refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo, found ways to circumvent the console's authentication system. Most of these companies created circuits that used a voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip in the NES. A few unlicensed games released in Europe and Australia came in the form of a dongle that would be connected to a licensed game, in order to use the licensed game's 10NES chip for authentication. In order to combat unlicensed games, Nintendo of America threatened retailers who sold them with losing their supply of licensed titles. In addition, multiple revisions were made to the NES PCBs to prevent these games from working.

Q1: Companies did what in an effort to circumvent Nintendo's console authentication?
A1: voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip
Q2: Why did the companies circumvent the authentication system?
A2: refusing to pay the licensing fee or having been rejected by Nintendo
Q3: Where did unlicensed games feature a dongle?
A3: Europe and Australia
Q4: What did Nintendo do to curb unlicensed game sales?
A4: threatened retailers
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Several countries have established their national churches, linking the ecclesiastical structure with the state. Jurisdictions where a Protestant denomination has been established as a state religion include several Nordic countries; Denmark (including Greenland), the Faroe Islands (its church being independent since 2007), Iceland and Norway have established Evangelical Lutheran churches. Tuvalu has the only established church in Reformed tradition in the world, while Tonga—in the Methodist tradition. The Church of England is the officially established religious institution in England, and also the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion.

Q1: What do national churches bring together?
A1: the ecclesiastical structure with the state
Q2: How long has the Faroe Islands church been independent?
A2: since 2007
Q3: Who has the only Reformed church?
A3: Tuvalu
Q4: Who is the head church of the Anglican Communion?
A4: The Church of England
Q5: What type of church does Tonga have?
A5: Methodist
Title: 51st_state
Topic: Language and literature

Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluisi urged Obama to begin legislation in favor of the statehood of Puerto Rico, in light of its win in the referendum. Fortuño urged him to move the process forward. García Padilla asked him to reject the results because of their ambiguity. The White House stance related to the November 2012 plebiscite was that the results were clear, the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved, and a majority chose statehood in the second question. Former White House director of Hispanic media stated, "Now it is time for Congress to act and the administration will work with them on that effort, so that the people of Puerto Rico can determine their own future."

Q1: What politicians pushed for statehood for Puerto Rico?
A1: Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño
Q2: What politician fought against statehood for Puerto Rico?
A2: Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla
Q3: How did these politicians voice their concerns?
A3: wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama
Q4: What was the White House stance?
A4: the results were clear, the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a metastable isotope is in an excited state and will return to the ground state by emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray. 61Zn has three excited states and 73Zn has two. The isotopes 65Zn, 71Zn, 77Zn and 78Zn each have only one excited state.

Q1: How many radioisotopes of zinc have been discovered?
A1: Several dozen
Q2: What is the longest half life of the isotopes?
A2: 243.66
Q3: What does the superscript m represent?
A3: metastable isotope
Q4: How many excited states does 61Zn have? 
A4: three
Q5: How many excited states does 73Zn have?
A5: two
Q6: What is the most long lived radio isotope?
A6: 65Zn
Q7: What is the half life of 72Zn?
A7: 46.5 hours
Q8: How many nuclear isomers does zinc have?
A8: 10
Q9: What does the superscript "m" indicate?
A9: metastable isotope
Q10: What does a metastable isotope do to return to ground state from an excited state?
A10: emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

Several explanations have been offered for Yale’s representation in national elections since the end of the Vietnam War. Various sources note the spirit of campus activism that has existed at Yale since the 1960s, and the intellectual influence of Reverend William Sloane Coffin on many of the future candidates. Yale President Richard Levin attributes the run to Yale’s focus on creating "a laboratory for future leaders," an institutional priority that began during the tenure of Yale Presidents Alfred Whitney Griswold and Kingman Brewster. Richard H. Brodhead, former dean of Yale College and now president of Duke University, stated: "We do give very significant attention to orientation to the community in our admissions, and there is a very strong tradition of volunteerism at Yale." Yale historian Gaddis Smith notes "an ethos of organized activity" at Yale during the 20th century that led John Kerry to lead the Yale Political Union's Liberal Party, George Pataki the Conservative Party, and Joseph Lieberman to manage the Yale Daily News. Camille Paglia points to a history of networking and elitism: "It has to do with a web of friendships and affiliations built up in school." CNN suggests that George W. Bush benefited from preferential admissions policies for the "son and grandson of alumni", and for a "member of a politically influential family." New York Times correspondent Elisabeth Bumiller and The Atlantic Monthly correspondent James Fallows credit the culture of community and cooperation that exists between students, faculty, and administration, which downplays self-interest and reinforces commitment to others.

Q1: Why did President Levin believe there were so many Yale alumni presidential candidates?
A1: Yale’s focus on creating "a laboratory for future leaders,"
Q2: Why did Richard Brodhead believe there were so many Yale alumni presidential candidates?
A2: very strong tradition of volunteerism
Q3: Why did Gaddis Smith believe John Kerry led Yale's Political Union Liberal Party?
A3: an ethos of organized activity
Q4: Why does CNN believe George W. Bush was accepted into Yale?
A4: "son and grandson of alumni", and for a "member of a politically influential family."
Q5: What does Elisabeth Bumiller believe the reasoning behind the amount of political Yale alumni is?
A5: the culture of community and cooperation
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

Several famous people have Ashkenazi as a surname, such as Vladimir Ashkenazy. However, most people with this surname hail from within Sephardic communities, particularly from the Syrian Jewish community. The Sephardic carriers of the surname would have some Ashkenazi ancestors since the surname was adopted by families who were initially of Ashkenazic origins who moved to Sephardi countries and joined those communities. Ashkenazi would be formally adopted as the family surname having started off as a nickname imposed by their adopted communities. Some have shortened the name to Ash.

Q1: Most people with the surname Ashkenazi, hail from which particular community?
A1: Syrian Jewish community
Q2: Some people with the surname shorten it to what?
A2: Ash
Q3: What famous person is mentioned as having the surname Ashkenazi?
A3: Vladimir Ashkenazy
Title: Queen_(band)
Topic: Music

Several films have featured their songs performed by other artists. A version of "Somebody to Love" by Anne Hathaway was in the 2004 film Ella Enchanted. In 2006, Brittany Murphy also recorded a cover of the same song for the 2006 film Happy Feet. In 2001, a version of "The Show Must Go On" was performed by Jim Broadbent and Nicole Kidman in the film musical Moulin Rouge!. The 2001 film A Knight's Tale has a version of "We Are the Champions" performed by Robbie Williams and Queen; the film also features "We Will Rock You" played by the medieval audience.

Q1: ho sang a version of Queen's Somebody to Love in 2004's Ella Enchanted?
A1: Anne Hathaway
Q2: Which actress recorded a Queen song for 2006's Happy Feet?
A2: Brittany Murphy
Q3: Which movie featured a cover of Queen's The Show Must Go On?
A3: Moulin Rouge!
Q4: Which film had Robbie Williams performing a cover of Queen's We Are the Champions?
A4: A Knight's Tale
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Several governments maintain permanent manned research stations on the continent. The number of people conducting and supporting scientific research and other work on the continent and its nearby islands varies from about 1,000 in winter to about 5,000 in the summer, giving it a population density between 70 and 350 inhabitants per million square kilometres (180 and 900 per million square miles) at these times. Many of the stations are staffed year-round, the winter-over personnel typically arriving from their home countries for a one-year assignment. An Orthodox church—Trinity Church, opened in 2004 at the Russian Bellingshausen Station—is manned year-round by one or two priests, who are similarly rotated every year.

Q1: Who has research stations in Antarctica?
A1: Several governments
Q2: What is the span of population density per million square kilometers of researchers in Antarctica?
A2: between 70 and 350
Q3: About long long do researchers stay when researching in Antarctica?
A3: one-year
Q4: What station has an Orthodox church representative?
A4: Bellingshausen Station
Q5: When did the Trinity Church begin its posting at Bellinshausen station?
A5: 2004
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro with banners and Tibetan flags, and remained there for a peaceful protest, never approaching the torch relay itself. Among them was Jane Birkin, who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China. Also present was Thupten Gyatso, President of the French Tibetan community, who called upon pro-Tibet demonstrators to "remain calm, non-violent, peaceful".

Q1: Where did hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters meet?
A1: the Trocadéro
Q2: Who spoke to the media about China's lack of freedom of speech?
A2: Jane Birkin
Q3: Who is the President of the French Tibetan community that urged protesters to remain peaceful?
A3: Thupten Gyatso
Q4: Where did pro-Tibetan protesters get together?
A4: Trocadéro
Q5: The Trocadéro was not disruptive of the relay and said to have been what?
A5: peaceful
Q6: Who, of the Trocadéro protest, spoke to the media?
A6: Jane Birkin
Q7: What did the person who spoke to the media at Trocadéro say China lacked?
A7: freedom of speech
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Several influential people of the time, including Bell, viewed deafness as something that should be eradicated, and also believed that with resources and effort they could teach the deaf to speak and avoid the use of sign language, thus enabling their integration within the wider society from which many were often being excluded. In several schools, children were mistreated, for example by having their hands tied behind their backs so they could not communicate by signing—the only language they knew—in an attempt to force them to attempt oral communication. Owing to his efforts to suppress the teaching of sign language, Bell is often viewed negatively by those embracing Deaf culture.

Q1: Bell's goal was to instruct the deaf to speak and not use what?
A1: sign language
Q2: What would happen so some children's hands in schools?
A2: tied behind their backs
Q3: In what light to many pro-deaf people see Bell?
A3: negative
Q4: What was the only language many deaf people had?
A4: signing
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Several instances of popular etymology are attested from ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo's name with the Greek verb ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi), "to destroy". Plato in Cratylus connects the name with ἀπόλυσις (apolysis), "redemption", with ἀπόλουσις (apolousis), "purification", and with ἁπλοῦν ([h]aploun), "simple", in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, Ἄπλουν, and finally with Ἀειβάλλων (aeiballon), "ever-shooting". Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric ἀπέλλα (apella), which means "assembly", so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation σηκός (sekos), "fold", in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. In the Ancient Macedonian language πέλλα (pella) means "stone," and some toponyms may be derived from this word: Πέλλα (Pella, the capital of Ancient Macedonia) and Πελλήνη (Pellēnē/Pallene).

Q1: What Doric word means assembly?
A1: apella
Q2: What is the Ancient Macedonian word for stone?
A2: pella
Q3: What is the Greek word for "to destroy?"
A3: apollymi
Title: Miami
Topic: Geography and places

Several large companies are headquartered in or around Miami, including but not limited to: Akerman Senterfitt, Alienware, Arquitectonica, Arrow Air, Bacardi, Benihana, Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Corporation, Carnival Cruise Lines, Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company, Espírito Santo Financial Group, Fizber.com, Greenberg Traurig, Holland & Knight, Inktel Direct, Interval International, Lennar, Navarro Discount Pharmacies, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Oceania Cruises, Perry Ellis International, RCTV International, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Ryder Systems, Seabourn Cruise Line, Sedano's, Telefónica USA, UniMÁS, Telemundo, Univision, U.S. Century Bank, Vector Group and World Fuel Services. Because of its proximity to Latin America, Miami serves as the headquarters of Latin American operations for more than 1400 multinational corporations, including AIG, American Airlines, Cisco, Disney, Exxon, FedEx, Kraft Foods, LEO Pharma Americas, Microsoft, Yahoo, Oracle, SBC Communications, Sony, Symantec, Visa International, and Wal-Mart.

Q1: Approximately how many multinationals have their Latin American operation headquarters in Miami?
A1: 1400
Q2: Why do so many multinationals have their Latin American headquarters in Miami?
A2: proximity to Latin America
Q3: Along with Celebrity, Carnival, Norwegian, Oceania and Royal Caribbean, what cruise line is based in Miami?
A3: Seabourn
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Several lines of evidence indicate lifestyle-induced hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin function (i.e., insulin resistance) as a decisive factor in many disease states. For example, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are strongly linked to chronic inflammation, which in turn is strongly linked to a variety of adverse developments such as arterial microinjuries and clot formation (i.e., heart disease) and exaggerated cell division (i.e., cancer). Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (the so-called metabolic syndrome) are characterized by a combination of abdominal obesity, elevated blood sugar, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood triglycerides, and reduced HDL cholesterol. The negative impact of hyperinsulinemia on prostaglandin PGE1/PGE2 balance may be significant.

Q1: Reduced insulin function can also go by what other term?
A1: insulin resistance
Q2: Other than the reduced insulin function, what else contributes greatly to many disease states?
A2: lifestyle-induced hyperinsulinemia
Q3: Arterial microinjuries and heart disease can all be linked back to which health issue that is caused by hyperinsulinemia?
A3: chronic inflammation
Q4: The metabolic syndrome is a term that refers to which health issue?
A4: insulin resistance
Q5: Hyperinsulinemia has a negative effect on the levels of which important molecules in the body?
A5: prostaglandin PGE1/PGE2
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

Several measurement methods have been developed to control glare resulting from indoor lighting design. The Unified Glare Rating (UGR), the Visual Comfort Probability, and the Daylight Glare Index are some of the most well-known methods of measurement. In addition to these new methods, four main factors influence the degree of discomfort glare; the luminance of the glare source, the solid angle of the glare source, the background luminance, and the position of the glare source in the field of view must all be taken into account.

Q1: What does UGR stand for?
A1: Unified Glare Rating
Title: Antibiotics
Topic: History

Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange. For instance, antibacterial resistance genes can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species via plasmids that carry these resistance genes. Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials. Cross-resistance to several antibacterials may also occur when a resistance mechanism encoded by a single gene conveys resistance to more than one antibacterial compound.

Q1: What is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains?
A1: Intrinsic antibacterial resistance
Q2: What can be absent from the bacterial genome?
A2: antibiotic target
Q3: When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/
A3: vertical transmission
Q4: What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance?
A4: antibacterial resistance genes
Q5: What does some resistance come from?
A5: mutation
Q6: What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance?
A6: vertical transmission of mutations
Q7: What do plasmids do in resistance?
A7: carry several different resistance genes