LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevada on October 22, 1979. The first use of the gallows after the moratorium was the hanging of Westley Allan Dodd in Washington on January 5, 1993. The first use of lethal injection was on December 7, 1982, when Charles Brooks, Jr., was executed in Texas.

Q1: Who was executed by firing squad on January 17, 1977?
A1: Gary Gilmore
Q2: In what state was Gary Gilmore executed?
A2: Utah
Q3: On what date was John Spenkelink executed?
A3: May 25, 1979
Q4: In what state did Jesse Bishop's execution occur?
A4: Nevada
Q5: How was Charles Brooks, Jr. executed?
A5: lethal injection
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

The more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood glucocorticoid levels that have increased drastically when measured after the exposure is completed. When subjects are asked to complete a learning task after short term exposure they have often difficulties. Prenatal stress also hinders the ability to learn and memorize by disrupting the development of the hippocampus and can lead to unestablished long term potentiation in the offspring of severely stressed parents. Although the stress is applied prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life.

Q1: Does it matter how long someone is exposed to stress to have an impact on their memory?
A1: the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus
Q2: Whar does research show happens to blood glucorticoid levels during stressful events?
A2: levels that have increased drastically
Q3: Can a unborn child face issues with stress than can affect their future abilities?
A3: prenatally, the offspring show increased levels of glucocorticoids when they are subjected to stress later on in life.
Q4: Do the people studied in different research perform as well after stress as they did before becoming in contact with stressful situations?
A4: When subjects are asked to complete a learning task after short term exposure they have often difficulties
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004
Topic: History

The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000. Bush had preliminary leads of less than 5% of the vote in only four states, but if Iowa, Nevada and New Mexico had all eventually gone to Kerry, a win for Bush in Ohio would have created a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College. The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population. Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations. Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere. In the afternoon Ohio's Secretary of State, Ken Blackwell, announced that it was statistically impossible for the Democrats to make up enough valid votes in the provisional ballots to win. At the time provisional ballots were reported as numbering 140,000 (and later estimated to be only 135,000). Faced with this announcement, John Kerry conceded defeat. Had Kerry won Ohio, he would have won the election despite losing the national popular vote by over 3 million votes, a complete reversal of the 2000 election when Bush won the presidency despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore by over 500,000 votes.

Q1: Why was there tension the day after the election?
A1: It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner
Q2: Despite an apparent lead by Bush early on, what was thought to be a concern?
A2: provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000
Q3: How would it be determined who would win, in the event of an electoral tie?
A3: The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population
Q4: Which state became the most important to secure Bush's presidential election?
A4: the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio
Q5: Who did Bush lose the popular vote to in the 2000 election for presidency?
A5: Al Gore
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

The morphology of Catalan personal pronouns is complex, specially in unstressed forms, which are numerous (13 distinct forms, compared to 11 in Spanish or 9 in Italian).  Features include the gender-neutral ho and the great degree of freedom when combining different unstressed pronouns (65 combinations).

Q1: How many forms of personal pronouns are there in Catalan?
A1: 13 distinct forms
Q2: How many personal pronouns are there is Spanish?
A2: 11
Q3: What is the number of personal pronouns in Italian?
A3: 9
Q4: How many different combinations of unstressed pronouns are there?
A4: 65
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

The mosaic pavement of the Vrina Plain basilica of Butrint, Albania appear to pre-date that of the Baptistery by almost a generation, dating to the last quarter of the 5th or the first years of the 6th century. The mosaic displays a variety of motifs including sea-creatures, birds, terrestrial beasts, fruits, flowers, trees and abstracts – designed to depict a terrestrial paradise of God’s creation. Superimposed on this scheme are two large tablets, tabulae ansatae, carrying inscriptions. A variety of fish, a crab, a lobster, shrimps, mushrooms, flowers, a stag and two cruciform designs surround the smaller of the two inscriptions, which reads: In fulfilment of the vow (prayer) of those whose names God knows. This anonymous dedicatory inscription is a public demonstration of the benefactors’ humility and an acknowledgement of God’s omniscience.

Q1: The floor mosaic in Butrint is how much older than that of the Baptistry?
A1: almost a generation
Q2: In what country is Butrint?
A2: Albania
Q3: What type of message was left on the mosaics at Butrint?
A3: prayer
Q4: What was the mosaic at Butrint designed to portray?
A4: a terrestrial paradise
Q5: The Vrina Plain basilica is in which city?
A5: Butrint
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

The mosaics of St. Peter's often show lively Baroque compositions based on designs or canvases from like Ciro Ferri, Guido Reni, Domenichino, Carlo Maratta, and many others. Raphael is represented by a mosaic replica of this last painting, the Transfiguration. Many different artists contributed to the 17th- and 18th-century mosaics in St. Peter's, including Giovanni Battista Calandra, Fabio Cristofari (died 1689), and Pietro Paolo Cristofari (died 1743). Works of the Fabbrica were often used as papal gifts.

Q1: How is Raphael portrayed in St. Peter's?
A1: by a mosaic replica of this last painting
Q2: What year did Pietro Paolo Cristofari die?
A2: 1743
Q3: What was the art of the Fabbrica usually used for?
A3: papal gifts
Q4: What was the name of the painting used to represent raphael in St. Peter's?
A4: Transfiguration
Q5: The mosaics of St.Peter's are often based on what?
A5: designs or canvases
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

The mosaics of the Church of St Stephen in ancient Kastron Mefaa (now Umm ar-Rasas) were made in 785 (discovered after 1986). The perfectly preserved mosaic floor is the largest one in Jordan. On the central panel hunting and fishing scenes are depicted while another panel illustrates the most important cities of the region. The frame of the mosaic is especially decorative. Six mosaic masters signed the work: Staurachios from Esbus, Euremios, Elias, Constantinus, Germanus and Abdela. It overlays another, damaged, mosaic floor of the earlier (587) "Church of Bishop Sergius." Another four churches were excavated nearby with traces of mosaic decoration.

Q1: Where would the Church of St Stephen be located today?
A1: Umm ar-Rasas
Q2: When were the mosaics in the Church of St Stephen created?
A2: in 785
Q3: When were the mosaics in the Church of St Stephen re-discovered?
A3: 1986
Q4: The mosaic floor in the Church of St Stephen is the largest in what country?
A4: Jordan
Q5: How many artists signed the frame of the mosaic at the Church of St Stephen?
A5: Six
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

The mosaics of the Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina in Sicily are the largest collection of late Roman mosaics in situ in the world, and are protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The large villa rustica, which was probably owned by Emperor Maximian, was built largely in the early 4th century. The mosaics were covered and protected for 700 years by a landslide that occurred in the 12th Century. The most important pieces are the Circus Scene, the 64m long Great Hunting Scene, the Little Hunt, the Labours of Hercules and the famous Bikini Girls, showing women undertaking a range of sporting activities in garments that resemble 20th Century bikinis. The peristyle, the imperial apartments and the thermae were also decorated with ornamental and mythological mosaics. Other important examples of Roman mosaic art in Sicily were unearthed on the Piazza Vittoria in Palermo where two houses were discovered. The most important scenes there depicted Orpheus, Alexander the Great's Hunt and the Four Seasons.

Q1: In what area of Italy is the largest collection of mosaics in the world?
A1: Sicily
Q2: Who most likely lived in the large villa rustica?
A2: Emperor Maximian
Q3: What caused the mosaics at the villa rustica to be protected for centuries? 
A3: a landslide
Q4: How long is the hunting scene at the villa rustica?
A4: 64m
Q5: Where in Sicily were the "Orpheus," and the "Four Seasons" discovered?
A5: Piazza Vittoria in Palermo
Title: Time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The most accurate timekeeping devices are atomic clocks, which are accurate to seconds in many millions of years, and are used to calibrate other clocks and timekeeping instruments. Atomic clocks use the frequency of electronic transitions in certain atoms to measure the second. One of the most common atoms used is caesium, most modern atomic clocks probe caesium with microwaves to determine the frequency of these electron vibrations. Since 1967, the International System of Measurements bases its unit of time, the second, on the properties of caesium atoms. SI defines the second as 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation that corresponds to the transition between two electron spin energy levels of the ground state of the 133Cs atom.

Q1: Which timekeeping devices are the most accurate?
A1: atomic clocks
Q2: What method do atomic clocks use to measure seconds?
A2: the frequency of electronic transitions in certain atoms
Q3: Which system bases its unit of time on the properties of caesium?
A3: the International System of Measurements
Q4: How long has the International System of Measurements based the second on caesium?
A4: Since 1967
Title: Israel
Topic: History

The most catastrophic earthquakes we know of occurred in 31 BCE, 363, 749, and 1033 CE, that is every ca. 400 years on average. Destructive earthquakes leading to serious loss of life strike about every 80 years. While stringent construction regulations are currently in place and recently built structures are earthquake-safe, as of 2007[update] the majority of the buildings in Israel were older than these regulations and many public buildings as well as 50,000 residential buildings did not meet the new standards and were "expected to collapse" if exposed to a strong quake. Given the fragile political situation of the Middle East region and the presence there of major holy sites, a quake reaching magnitude 7 on the Richter scale could have dire consequences for world peace.

Q1: When did the most catastrophic earthquakes occur?
A1: 31 BCE, 363, 749, and 1033 CE
Q2: How many residential buildings did not meet construction standards?
A2: 50,000
Q3: How often do earthquakes that lead to serious loss of life occur?
A3: every 80 years
Title: Christian
Topic: Language and literature

The most common Persian word is Masīhī (مسیحی), from Arabic.,Other words are Nasrānī (نصرانی), from Syriac for "Nazarene", and Tarsā (ترسا), from Middle Persian word Tarsāg, also meaning "Christian", derived from tars, meaning "fear, respect".

Q1: What is the most common Persian word for Christian?
A1: Masīhī
Q2: What is the Syriac word for Nazarene?
A2: Nasrānī
Q3: What does tars mean?
A3: fear, respect
Q4: What is the Middle Persion word for Christian?
A4: Tarsā
Title: Diarrhea
Topic: Natural sciences

The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea. The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera, although this is rare in the developed world. If blood is present it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea, including hyperthyroidism, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, a number of medications, and irritable bowel syndrome. In most cases, stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause.

Q1: What is the most common cause of diarrhea?
A1: an infection of the intestines
Q2: What can cause an infection in the intestines?
A2: a virus, bacteria, or parasite
Q3: What are the three types of diarrhea?
A3: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea
Q4: What is it known as if blood is present?
A4: dysentery
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U
3O
8) and UO
2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO
2 will gradually convert to U
3O
8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.

Q1: Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide?
A1: triuranium octoxide
Q2: What is the stablest uranium compound?
A2: Triuranium octoxide
Q3: In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?
A3: Uranium dioxide
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

The most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages is gene duplication, which creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome. The resulting genes (paralogs) may then diverge in sequence and in function. Sets of genes formed in this way comprise a gene family. Gene duplications and losses within a family are common and represent a major source of evolutionary biodiversity. Sometimes, gene duplication may result in a nonfunctional copy of a gene, or a functional copy may be subject to mutations that result in loss of function; such nonfunctional genes are called pseudogenes.:7.6

Q1: What is the most common source of new genes in eukaryotic lineages?
A1: gene duplication
Q2: What creates copy number variation of an existing gene in the genome?
A2: gene duplication
Q3: What are the genes that result from eukaryotic gene duplication called?
A3: paralogs
Q4: What type of copy can gene duplication sometimes result in?
A4: nonfunctional
Q5: What are functional copies of a gene which have a loss of function due to mutation called?
A5: pseudogenes
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

The most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans. Commonly eaten fruits and vegetables included chestnuts, pears, plums, peaches, melons, apricots, strawberries, red bayberries, jujubes, calabash, bamboo shoots, mustard plant and taro. Domesticated animals that were also eaten included chickens, Mandarin ducks, geese, cows, sheep, pigs, camels and dogs (various types were bred specifically for food, while most were used as pets). Turtles and fish were taken from streams and lakes. Commonly hunted game, such as owl, pheasant, magpie, sika deer, and Chinese bamboo partridge were consumed. Seasonings included sugar, honey, salt and soy sauce. Beer and wine were regularly consumed.

Q1: What type of crop was rice considered to be during this period?
A1: staple crops
Q2: What were dogs in this era most likely to be considered?
A2: pets
Q3: What type of partridge was commonly consumed?
A3: Chinese bamboo
Q4: Where were turtles acquired from?
A4: streams and lakes
Q5: What was the color of the bayberries?
A5: red
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

The most common symptom of LED (and diode laser) failure is the gradual lowering of light output and loss of efficiency. Sudden failures, although rare, can also occur. Early red LEDs were notable for their short service life. With the development of high-power LEDs the devices are subjected to higher junction temperatures and higher current densities than traditional devices. This causes stress on the material and may cause early light-output degradation. To quantitatively classify useful lifetime in a standardized manner it has been suggested to use L70 or L50, which are the runtimes (typically given in thousands of hours) at which a given LED reaches 70% and 50% of initial light output, respectively.

Q1: What is a symptom of LED failure?
A1: loss of efficiency
Q2: What is rare in LED lighting?
A2: Sudden failures
Q3: What was notable in early red LEDs?
A3: their short service life
Q4: What could cause early light-output degradation in LEDs?
A4: higher junction temperatures
Q5: What is a classification used in LED lighting to describe how much usefulness it will receive?
A5: L70 or L50
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: "No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.", and states that, "It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river." There are a small number of border crossings that allow the passage of private vehicles, such as the border between Ruili (China) to Mu-se, the border between Htee Kee (Myanmar) and Ban Phu Nam Ron (Thailand) (the most direct border between Dawei and Kanchanaburi), and the border between Myawaddy (Myanmar) and Mae Sot (Thailand). At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013. "From Mae Sai (Thailand) you can cross to Tachileik, but can only go as far as Kengtung. Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar."

Q1: How are most visitors ushered into the city of Myanmar ?
A1: by air
Q2: Is Myanmar convenient to other countries in South East Asia ? 
A2: No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across
Q3: Are there any cruise travel destinations for Myanmar ?
A3: It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.
Q4: How long have bus tours been available to tourist of Myanmar ?
A4: one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013.
Q5: How far are the people from Taiwan ,but not actually citizens of Taiwan, allowed to venture into the Myanmar territory ?
A5: Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different languages. However, this definition becomes problematic in the case of dialect continua, in which it may be the case that dialect B is mutually intelligible with both dialect A and dialect C but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible with each other. In this case the criterion of mutual intelligibility makes it impossible to decide whether A and C are dialects of the same language or not. Cases may also arise in which a speaker of dialect X can understand a speaker of dialect Y, but not vice versa; the mutual intelligibility criterion flounders here as well.

Q1: What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects?
A1: mutual intelligibility
Q2: What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible?
A2: dialect continua
Q3: What is the definition of mutual intelligibility?
A3: if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used. English historians often use the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 to mark the end of the period. For Spain, dates commonly used are the death of King Ferdinand II in 1516, the death of Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1504, or the conquest of Granada in 1492. Historians from Romance-speaking countries tend to divide the Middle Ages into two parts: an earlier "High" and later "Low" period. English-speaking historians, following their German counterparts, generally subdivide the Middle Ages into three intervals: "Early", "High", and "Late". In the 19th century, the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the "Dark Ages",[B] but with the adoption of these subdivisions, use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages, at least among historians.

Q1: What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages?
A1: 476
Q2: Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476?
A2: Bruni
Q3: When is the Middle Ages generally considered to have ended?
A3: 1500
Q4: In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople?
A4: 1453
Q5: When did Ferdinand II die?
A5: 1516
Title: Hyderabad
Topic: Geography and places

The most commonly used forms of medium distance transport in Hyderabad include government owned services such as light railways and buses, as well as privately operated taxis and auto rickshaws. Bus services operate from the Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station in the city centre and carry over 130 million passengers daily across the entire network.:76 Hyderabad's light rail transportation system, the Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS), is a three line suburban rail service used by over 160,000 passengers daily. Complementing these government services are minibus routes operated by Setwin (Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities). Intercity rail services also operate from Hyderabad; the main, and largest, station is Secunderabad Railway Station, which serves as Indian Railways' South Central Railway zone headquarters and a hub for both buses and MMTS light rail services connecting Secunderabad and Hyderabad. Other major railway stations in Hyderabad are Hyderabad Deccan Station, Kachiguda Railway Station, Begumpet Railway Station, Malkajgiri Railway Station and Lingampally Railway Station. The Hyderabad Metro, a new rapid transit system, is to be added to the existing public transport infrastructure and is scheduled to operate three lines by 2015.

Q1: What type of transport that is not government owned is commonly used in Hyderabad?
A1: taxis and auto rickshaws
Q2: How many people are carried each day by the bus service network in Hyderabad?
A2: 130 million
Q3: What is the light rail system in Hyderabad known as?
A3: Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS)
Q4: How many passengers use the Hyderabad light rail system each day?
A4: 160,000
Q5: What is Setwin otherwise known as?
A5: Society for Employment Promotion & Training in Twin Cities
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually. In 2007, each Swiss citizen travelled on average 2,258 km (1,403 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. The network is administered mainly by the Federal Railways, except in Graubünden, where the 366 km (227 mi) narrow gauge railway is operated by the Rhaetian Railways and includes some World Heritage lines. The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project.

Q1: How many passengers does the most dense rail network in Europe carry annualy?
A1: over 350 million
Q2: In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails?
A2: 2,258
Q3: Who mainly administers the Swiss railway system?
A3: Federal Railways
Q4: What is the Alp-Transit project designed to reduce the time of travel between?
A4: north and south
Q5: Under which mountains are the railway tunnels being built for the Alp-Transit project?
A5: the Alps
Title: Compact_disc
Topic: Engineering and technology

The most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percent, the artist 16 percent, the manufacturer 13 percent, and the distributor 9 percent. When 8-track tapes, cassette tapes, and CDs were introduced, each was marketed at a higher price than the format they succeeded, even though the cost to produce the media was reduced. This was done because the apparent value increased. This continued from vinyl to CDs but was broken when Apple marketed MP3s for $0.99, and albums for $9.99. The incremental cost, though, to produce an MP3 is very small.

Q1: What is the priciest component of a CD?
A1: jewel case
Q2: Why did the cost of audio music increase when the production costs decreased?
A2: value increased
Q3: What did CDs retail for in 1995?
A3: $16.98
Q4: Who received the most profit from the sale of CDs?
A4: the store
Q5: How much did a jewel case cost in 1995?
A5: 30 cents
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the Strategic Air defence Service responsible for Air Defence of the Homeland, created in 1941 and becoming an independent service in 1954, and PVO SV, Air Defence of the Ground Forces. Subsequently these became part of the air force and ground forces respectively

Q1: Which country had the most severe case?
A1: Soviet Union
Q2: This separate service  was known as what in the Soviet Union?
A2: Voyska PVO
Q3: What two systems did Voyska PVO have?
A3: fighter aircraft and ground-based systems
Q4: What year did the PVO Strany become independent?
A4: 1954
Q5: What was the arm that was the Air Defence of the Ground Forces?
A5: PVO SV
Title: Cubism
Topic: Art and architecture

The most extreme forms of Cubism were not those practiced by Picasso and Braque, who resisted total abstraction. Other Cubists, by contrast, especially František Kupka, and those considered Orphists by Apollinaire (Delaunay, Léger, Picabia and Duchamp), accepted abstraction by removing visible subject matter entirely. Kupka’s two entries at the 1912 Salon d'Automne, Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs and Amorpha chromatique chaude, were highly abstract (or nonrepresentational) and metaphysical in orientation. Both Duchamp in 1912 and Picabia from 1912 to 1914 developed an expressive and allusive abstraction dedicated to complex emotional and sexual themes. Beginning in 1912 Delaunay painted a series of paintings entitled Simultaneous Windows, followed by a series entitled Formes Circulaires, in which he combined planar structures with bright prismatic hues; based on the optical characteristics of juxtaposed colors his departure from reality in the depiction of imagery was quasi-complete. In 1913–14 Léger produced a series entitled Contrasts of Forms, giving a similar stress to color, line and form. His Cubism, despite its abstract qualities, was associated with themes of mechanization and modern life. Apollinaire supported these early developments of abstract Cubism in Les Peintres cubistes (1913), writing of a new "pure" painting in which the subject was vacated. But in spite of his use of the term Orphism these works were so different that they defy attempts to place them in a single category.

Q1: What were Kupka's two entries at the Salon d'Automne? 
A1: Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs and Amorpha chromatique chaude
Q2: What were the titles of Delaunay's paintings in 1912? 
A2: Simultaneous Windows,
Q3: During what years did  Leger produce Contrasts of Forms? 
A3: 1913–14
Title: Carnival
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The most famed Carnival festivities are in Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province). In Ambato, the festivities are called Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas (Festival of the Flowers and Fruits). Other cities have revived Carnival traditions with colorful parades, such as in Azogues (Cañar Province). In Azogues and the Southern Andes in general, Taita Carnival is always an indigenous Cañari. Recently a celebration has gained prominence in the northern part of the Sierra in the Chota Valley in Imbabura which is a zone of a strong afro-Ecuadorian population and so the Carnival is celebrated with bomba del chota music.

Q1: Where are the most famed Carnival festivities?
A1: Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province
Q2: What are the festivities known as in Ambato?
A2: Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas
Q3: Where has a celebration recently gained acclaim?
A3: Imbabura
Q4: What is there a large population of in the Chota Valley?
A4: afro-Ecuadorian
Q5: What music is the Carnival celebrated with in the Chota Valley?
A5: bomba del chota
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of glass are "silicate glasses" based on the chemical compound silica (silicon dioxide, or quartz), the primary constituent of sand. The term glass, in popular usage, is often used to refer only to this type of material, which is familiar from use as window glass and in glass bottles. Of the many silica-based glasses that exist, ordinary glazing and container glass is formed from a specific type called soda-lime glass, composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide (SiO2), sodium oxide (Na2O) from sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium oxide, also called lime (CaO), and several minor additives. A very clear and durable quartz glass can be made from pure silica, but the high melting point and very narrow glass transition of quartz make glassblowing and hot working difficult. In glasses like soda lime, the compounds added to quartz are used to lower the melting temperature and improve workability, at a cost in the toughness, thermal stability, and optical transmittance.

Q1: Which kinds of glass existed the furthest in the past?
A1: silicate glasses
Q2: What kind of glass are containers made from?
A2: soda-lime glass
Q3: What is sand mostly made of?
A3: silica
Q4: What can a very strong and transparent glass be made from?
A4: pure silica
Q5: What types of glass is the word commonly used to mean?
A5: silicate glasses
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.". On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past patrol boats and bright spot lights, through storm-wracked, shark infested waters, using a distant lighthouse for navigation until he arrived ashore on the main island. From there he escaped to the port of St. George's and a week later, he stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland. He settled in the US and later became a spy for Germany in both World Wars. In 1942, Col. Duquesne was arrested by the FBI for leading the Duquesne Spy Ring, which still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States.

Q1: Why is Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne famous?
A1: most famous escapee
Q2: After Duquesne made his way to St. George, what did he do?
A2: stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland
Q3: After settling in the US, what did Duquesne do?
A3: became a spy for Germany in both World Wars
Title: Carnival
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The most famous groups are the chirigotas, choirs and comparsas. The chirigotas are well known witty, satiric popular groups who sing about politics, new times and household topics, wearing the same costume, which they prepare for the whole year. The Choirs (coros) are wider groups that go on open carts through the streets singing with an orchestra of guitars and lutes. Their signature piece is the "Carnival Tango", alternating comical and serious repertory. The comparsas are the serious counterpart of the chirigota in Cádiz, and the poetic lyrics and the criticism are their main ingredients. They have a more elaborated polyphony that is easily recognizable by the typical countertenor voice.

Q1: The chirigotas, choirs and comparsas are the most famous of what?
A1: groups
Q2: What do the chirigotas sing about?
A2: politics, new times and household topics
Q3: How long does it take for a chirigota to prepare their costume?
A3: the whole year
Q4: Which group rides around in open carts through the streets?
A4: The Choirs
Q5: Who has the most elaborated polyphony?
A5: The comparsas
Title: Edmund_Burke
Topic: History

The most famous passage in Burke's Reflections was his description of the events of 5–6 October 1789 and the part of Marie-Antoinette in them. Burke's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources. His use of flowery language to describe it, however, provoked both praise and criticism. Philip Francis wrote to Burke saying that what he wrote of Marie-Antoinette was "pure foppery". Edward Gibbon, however, reacted differently: "I adore his chivalry". Burke was informed by an Englishman who had talked with the Duchesse de Biron, that when Marie-Antoinette was reading the passage, she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it. Price had rejoiced that the French king had been "led in triumph" during the October Days, but to Burke this symbolised the opposing revolutionary sentiment of the Jacobins and the natural sentiments of those who shared his own view with horror—that the ungallant assault on Marie-Antoinette—was a cowardly attack on a defenceless woman.

Q1: Who was featured in the most well-known part of Burke's Reflections?
A1: Marie-Antoinette
Q2: Who said Burke wrote 'pure foppery' about Marie-Antoinette?
A2: Philip Francis
Q3: Who adored Burke's chivalry?
A3: Edward Gibbon
Q4: How did Marie-Antoinette react to Burke's writing about her?
A4: she burst into tears
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which lists approximately 4000 words, there are many words which were (allegedly) created ex nihilo, many of which are in common use today. Examples are

Q1: Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known?
A1: Johannes Aavik
Q2: What was the period of time in which Johannes Aavik was alive?
A2: 1880–1973
Q3: What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of nothing?
A3: creations ex nihilo
Q4: In what publication can examples of ex nihilo words be found?
A4: Aavik’s dictionary
Q5: How many words did Aavik put in his dictionary?
A5: approximately 4000
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

The most important French fort planned was intended to occupy a position at "the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful, and the French proceeded to build the fort they named Fort Duquesne. British colonial militia from Virginia were then sent to drive them out. Led by George Washington, they ambushed a small French force at Jumonville Glen on 28 May 1754 killing ten, including commander Jumonville. The French retaliated by attacking Washington's army at Fort Necessity on 3 July 1754 and forced Washington to surrender.

Q1: Where did the French build Fort Duquesne?
A1: the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River
Q2: What city is now located where Fort Duquesne was built?
A2: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Q3: Were the British successful in stopping the building of Fort Duquesne?
A3: British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful
Q4: Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne?
A4: Led by George Washington
Q5: Where did the French for General George Washington's surrender?
A5: Fort Necessity
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

The most important Galician fishing port is the Port of Vigo; It is one of the world's leading fishing ports, second only to Tokyo, with an annual catch worth 1,500 million euros. In 2007 the port took in 732,951 metric tons (721,375 long tons; 807,940 short tons) of fish and seafood, and about 4,000,000 metric tons (3,900,000 long tons; 4,400,000 short tons) of other cargoes. Other important ports are Ferrol, A Coruña, and the smaller ports of Marín and Vilagarcía de Arousa, as well as important recreational ports in Pontevedra and Burela. Beyond these, Galicia has 120 other organized ports.

Q1: Which port is Galicia's most important?
A1: Vigo
Q2: Which Japanese fishing port is Galicia's second to?
A2: Tokyo
Q3: Aside from the larger ports, roughly how many other organized ports are there?
A3: 120
Title: Sumer
Topic: History

The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating pieces of literature both in the form of poetic epics and stories as well as prayers and laws. Although pictures — that is, hieroglyphs — were first used, cuneiform and then Ideograms (where symbols were made to represent ideas) soon followed. Triangular or wedge-shaped reeds were used to write on moist clay. A large body of hundreds of thousands of texts in the Sumerian language have survived, such as personal or business letters, receipts, lexical lists, laws, hymns, prayers, stories, daily records, and even libraries full of clay tablets. Monumental inscriptions and texts on different objects like statues or bricks are also very common. Many texts survive in multiple copies because they were repeatedly transcribed by scribes-in-training. Sumerian continued to be the language of religion and law in Mesopotamia long after Semitic speakers had become dominant.

Q1: What were the most important discoveries for archaeologists from Sumer?
A1: tablets written in cuneiform
Q2: What is Sumerian writing considered to be in the development of man's ability to create literature?
A2: milestone
Q3: What followed cuneiform in writing?
A3: Ideograms
Q4: How many texts in the Sumerian language have survived to modern day?
A4: hundreds of thousands
Q5: What was the Sumerian language used for long have their civilization had diminished? 
A5: religion and law in Mesopotamia
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

The most important crop in Tibet is barley, and dough made from barley flour—called tsampa—is the staple food of Tibet. This is either rolled into noodles or made into steamed dumplings called momos. Meat dishes are likely to be yak, goat, or mutton, often dried, or cooked into a spicy stew with potatoes. Mustard seed is cultivated in Tibet, and therefore features heavily in its cuisine. Yak yogurt, butter and cheese are frequently eaten, and well-prepared yogurt is considered something of a prestige item. Butter tea is very popular to drink.

Q1: What is the most important crop in Tibet?
A1: barley
Q2: What is dough made from barley flour called?
A2: tsampa
Q3: What are steamed dumplings called?
A3: momos
Q4: What is a popular drink in Tibet?
A4: Butter tea
Q5: What seed is cultivated in Tibet?
A5: Mustard
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

The most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese seems to be the oldest one; current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that the Portuguese have their origin in Paleolithic peoples that began arriving to the European continent around 45,000 years ago. All subsequent migrations did leave an impact, genetically and culturally, but the main population source of the Portuguese is still Paleolithic. Genetic studies show Portuguese populations not to be significantly different from other European populations.

Q1: In what group of people do the Portuguese have their origin?
A1: Paleolithic peoples
Q2: When did people first start arriving in the European continent?
A2: 45,000 years ago
Q3: What is the main population source of the Portuguese people?
A3: Paleolithic
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

The most important early Islamic mosaic work is the decoration of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, then capital of the Arab Caliphate. The mosque was built between 706 and 715. The caliph obtained 200 skilled workers from the Byzantine Emperor to decorate the building. This is evidenced by the partly Byzantine style of the decoration. The mosaics of the inner courtyard depict Paradise with beautiful trees, flowers and small hill towns and villages in the background. The mosaics include no human figures, which makes them different from the otherwise similar contemporary Byzantine works. The biggest continuous section survives under the western arcade of the courtyard, called the "Barada Panel" after the river Barada. It is thought that the mosque used to have the largest gold mosaic in the world, at over 4 m2. In 1893 a fire damaged the mosque extensively, and many mosaics were lost, although some have been restored since.

Q1: Where is the most important Islamic mosaic work?
A1: the Umayyad Mosque
Q2: Where is the the Umayyad Mosque located?
A2: Damascus
Q3: What was the significance of Damascus during this time period?
A3: capital of the Arab Caliphate
Q4: What is the largest section of mosaic still present in the Umayyad Mosque?
A4: the "Barada Panel"
Q5: What happened in 1893 that destroyed most of the mosaics in the mosque?
A5: a fire
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

The most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears that occupants might refuse to leave. Underground officials were ordered to lock station entrances during raids; but by the second week of heavy bombing the government relented and ordered the stations to be opened. Each day orderly lines of people queued until 4 pm, when they were allowed to enter the stations. In mid-September 1940 about 150,000 a night slept in the Underground, although by the winter and spring months the numbers had declined to 100,000 or less. Noises of battle were muffled and sleep was easier in the deepest stations, but many were killed from direct hits on several stations.

Q1: Why did the government refuse to allow the London Underground stations to be used as shelters?
A1: interfere with commuter and troop travel
Q2: Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders?
A2: by the second week
Q3: In 1940 how many people were sleeping in the Underground stations?
A3: 150,000 a night
Q4: Muffling the sound of batter made what easier in the Underground Stations?
A4: sleep
Q5: Why were many killed in Underground Stations?
A5: direct hits
Title: Thuringia
Topic: History

The most important river in Thuringia is the Saale (a tributary of the Elbe) with its tributaries Unstrut, Ilm and Weiße Elster, draining the most parts of Thuringia and the Werra (the headwater of the Weser), draining the south-west and west of the Land. Furthermore, some small parts on the southern border are drained by tributaries of the Main (a tributary of the Rhine). There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia, but it does have some of Germany's biggest dams including the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam at Saale river same as the Leibis-Lichte Dam and the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station within the Highland. Thuringia is Germany's only state without connection to navigable waterways.

Q1: Which river in Thuringia is the most important?
A1: the Saale
Q2: Are there any large lakes in Thuringia?
A2: There are no large natural lakes in Thuringia
Q3: What are some of the large dams located in Thuringia?
A3: the Bleiloch Dam and the Hohenwarte Dam
Q4: Which tributary is located on the southern border? 
A4: the Main (a tributary of the Rhine)
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.

Q1: When did Diodorus Siculus write Bibliotheca historica?
A1: 60 and 30 BCE
Q2: What battle marks the end of Diodorus Siculus' work?
A2: battle of Ipsus
Q3: Who wrote Parallel Lives?
A3: Plutarch
Q4: Where was Apprian from?
A4: Alexandria
Q5: Which writer outlined the history of important Hellenistic figures?
A5: Plutarch