LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama." Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black cook, chastises and punishes her for doing so. Atticus respects Calpurnia's judgment, and later in the book even stands up to his sister, the formidable Aunt Alexandra, when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia. One writer notes that Scout, "in Austenian fashion", satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify. Literary critic Jean Blackall lists the priorities shared by the two authors: "affirmation of order in society, obedience, courtesy, and respect for the individual without regard for status".

Q1: Who does the cooking at the Finch's house?
A1: Calpurnia
Q2: Who is Atticus Finch's sibling?
A2: Aunt Alexandra
Q3: Who does Scout Tease and humiliate at their house?
A3: Walter Cunningham
Q4: Which author did Lee aspire to be like?
A4: Jane Austen
Q5: Both authors valued what over social standing?
A5: individual worth
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

In a 1986 interview, Rocky Jones, the former club DJ who ran the D.J. International record label, doesn't mention Importes Etc., Frankie Knuckles, or the Warehouse by name, but agrees that "house" was a regional catch-all term for dance music, and that it was once synonymous with older disco music.

Q1: who ran the D.J. International record label?
A1: Rocky Jones
Q2: House is a regional catch-all term for what kind of music?
A2: dance music,
Q3: what was 'house music' once synonymous with?
A3: older disco music
Title: Richard_Feynman
Topic: Mathematics

In a 1992 New York Times article on Feynman and his legacy, James Gleick recounts the story of how Murray Gell-Mann described what has become known as "The Feynman Algorithm" or "The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm" to a student: "The student asks Gell-Mann about Feynman's notes. Gell-Mann says no, Dick's methods are not the same as the methods used here. The student asks, well, what are Feynman's methods? Gell-Mann leans coyly against the blackboard and says: Dick's method is this. You write down the problem. You think very hard. (He shuts his eyes and presses his knuckles parodically to his forehead.) Then you write down the answer."

Q1: Which paper published a story about Feynman in 1992?
A1: New York Times
Q2: Who helped tell the 1992 New York Times story about Feynman?
A2: James Gleick
Q3: Gleick told a story about a specific algorithim that Gell-Mann described to a student, what was this algorithim called?
A3: The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm
Q4: Feynman's algorithim included writing the problem, thinking, and then what?
A4: write down the answer
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control.

Q1: In what year was the meeting of the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications that was investigating media ownership and the news?
A1: 2007
Q2: In the 2007 meeting with the government, Rupert Murdoch, owner of The Times, stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from doing what?
A2: exercising editorial control
Q3: What government committee was investigating Rupert Murdoch and The Times in 2007?
A3: House of Lords Select Committee on Communications
Title: Wayback_Machine
Topic: Engineering and technology

In a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc., defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site that was causing the Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Nebula's site, pages that Chordiant believed would support its case.

Q1: What 2009 court battle involved the Wayback Machine?
A1: Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc.
Q2: Which company thought that Wayback Machine data was important for its argument?
A2: Chordiant
Q3: What did Chordiant request that the court deactivate on Netbula's website?
A3: the robots.txt file
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

In a 2009 national readership survey The Times was found to have the highest number of ABC1 25–44 readers and the largest numbers of readers in London of any of the "quality" papers.

Q1: In a 2009 national readership survey, what newspaper has the highest number of ABC1 25-44 readers?
A1: The Times
Q2: What newspaper has the highest number of readers in London of any of the "quality" papers?
A2: The Times
Q3: The Times is found to have the highest number of readers from what age group?
A3: 25–44
Title: Transistor
Topic: Engineering and technology

In a FET, the drain-to-source current flows via a conducting channel that connects the source region to the drain region. The conductivity is varied by the electric field that is produced when a voltage is applied between the gate and source terminals; hence the current flowing between the drain and source is controlled by the voltage applied between the gate and source. As the gate–source voltage (VGS) is increased, the drain–source current (IDS) increases exponentially for VGS below threshold, and then at a roughly quadratic rate (IGS ∝ (VGS − VT)2) (where VT is the threshold voltage at which drain current begins) in the "space-charge-limited" region above threshold. A quadratic behavior is not observed in modern devices, for example, at the 65 nm technology node.

Q1: What determines the conductivity in a FET?
A1: electric field that is produced when a voltage is applied between the gate and source terminals
Q2: What controls the current between the drain and source?
A2: the voltage applied between the gate and source
Q3: At what rate is the drain-source current increased when the gate-source current is increased?
A3: a roughly quadratic rate
Q4: Where is a quadratic behavior not observed?
A4: in modern devices
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:

Q1: Who was President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank in June 2008?
A1: Timothy Geithner
Q2: What year did Timothy Geithner become U.S. Treasury Secretary?
A2: 2009
Q3: In a June 2008 speech, Timoty Geithner placed blame for credit market freezing on which system?
A3: "parallel" banking system
Q4: What is the "parallel" banking system also called?
A4: shadow banking system
Q5: What is the term defined as being vulnerable by borrowing short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term illiquid and risky assets?
A5: maturity mismatch
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

In a Peabody Award winning program, NPR correspondents argued that a "Giant Pool of Money" (represented by $70 trillion in worldwide fixed income investments) sought higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds early in the decade. This pool of money had roughly doubled in size from 2000 to 2007, yet the supply of relatively safe, income generating investments had not grown as fast. Investment banks on Wall Street answered this demand with products such as the mortgage-backed security and the collateralized debt obligation that were assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies.

Q1: What is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies?
A1: collateralized debt obligation
Q2: How much was invested worldwide in fixed income investments?
A2: $70 trillion
Q3: How much did the pool of money invested worldwide in fixed income investments grow in size from 2000 to 2007?
A3: roughly doubled in size
Q4: What is an example of a product Wall Street invented to answer the demand for income generating investments?
A4: mortgage-backed security
Q5: In the 2000s, investors were seeking higher yields than those offered by this investment?
A5: U.S. Treasury bonds
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

In a United States Geological Survey (USGS) study, preliminary rupture models of the earthquake indicated displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault approximately 240 km long by 20 km deep. The earthquake generated deformations of the surface greater than 3 meters and increased the stress (and probability of occurrence of future events) at the northeastern and southwestern ends of the fault. On May 20, USGS seismologist Tom Parsons warned that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months.

Q1: How large was the displacement?
A1: up to 9 meters
Q2: Who warned of possible seismic activity in the area beforehand?
A2: Tom Parsons
Q3: What did the United States Geological Survey show as the amount of displacement?
A3: 9 meters
Q4: How long was the fault where the quake occurred?
A4: 240 km long
Q5: How deep is the fault?
A5: 20 km deep
Q6: Where on the fault is the possibility of future earthquakes increased?
A6: northeastern and southwestern ends
Q7: What did Tom Parsons consider as the risk factor for strong future quakes?
A7: high risk
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

In a WRIM, the rotor winding is made of many turns of insulated wire and is connected to slip rings on the motor shaft. An external resistor or other control devices can be connected in the rotor circuit. Resistors allow control of the motor speed, although significant power is dissipated in the external resistance. A converter can be fed from the rotor circuit and return the slip-frequency power that would otherwise be wasted back into the power system through an inverter or separate motor-generator.

Q1: Where might a resistor be attached?
A1: rotor circuit
Q2: What can a resistor control?
A2: motor speed
Q3: How might wasted power be salvaged?
A3: inverter or separate motor-generator
Q4: From where may a converter be fed?
A4: rotor circuit
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

In a book called Science Versus Crime, Houck writes that Popper's falsificationism can be questioned logically: it is not clear how Popper would deal with a statement like "for every metal, there is a temperature at which it will melt." The hypothesis cannot be falsified by any possible observation, for there will always be a higher temperature than tested at which the metal may in fact melt, yet it seems to be a valid scientific hypothesis. These examples were pointed out by Carl Gustav Hempel. Hempel came to acknowledge that Logical Positivism's verificationism was untenable, but argued that falsificationism was equally untenable on logical grounds alone. The simplest response to this is that, because Popper describes how theories attain, maintain and lose scientific status, individual consequences of currently accepted scientific theories are scientific in the sense of being part of tentative scientific knowledge, and both of Hempel's examples fall under this category. For instance, atomic theory implies that all metals melt at some temperature.

Q1: Which book by Houck points out logical flaws in Popper's falsificationism?
A1: Science Versus Crime
Q2: Who argued that Popper's falsificationism was just as logically untenable as Logical Positivism's verificationism?
A2: Carl Gustav Hempel
Q3: Who wrote the book Science Versus Crime which challenged the logic of falsificationism?
A3: Houck
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's List), the transatlantic slave trade (in Amistad), war (in Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, War Horse and Bridge of Spies) and terrorism (in Munich). His other films include Close Encounters of the Third Kind, the Indiana Jones film series, and A.I. Artificial Intelligence.

Q1: What issue did Spielberg address in his movie Schindler's List?
A1: the Holocaust
Q2: What issue did Spielberg address in his movie Amistad?
A2: the transatlantic slave trade
Q3: What issue did Spielberg address in his movie Munich?
A3: terrorism
Q4: How long has Steven Spielberg had his career so far?
A4: more than four decades
Q5: In what film did Spielberg address humanistic issues?
A5: Schindler's List
Q6: In what film did Spielberg cover the slave trade?
A6: Amistad
Q7: In what films did Spielberg address war?
A7: Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, War Horse and Bridge of Spies
Q8: In what film did Spielberg address terrorism?
A8: Munich
Q9: What type of films did Spielberg find early success with?
A9: y science-fiction and adventure
Title: Digestion
Topic: Natural sciences

In a channel transupport system, several proteins form a contiguous channel traversing the inner and outer membranes of the bacteria. It is a simple system, which consists of only three protein subunits: the ABC protein, membrane fusion protein (MFP), and outer membrane protein (OMP)[specify]. This secretion system transports various molecules, from ions, drugs, to proteins of various sizes (20 - 900 kDa). The molecules secreted vary in size from the small Escherichia coli peptide colicin V, (10 kDa) to the Pseudomonas fluorescens cell adhesion protein LapA of 900 kDa.

Q1: What happens in a chennel transupport system? 
A1: several proteins form a contiguous channel traversing the inner and outer membranes of the bacteria
Q2: What three protien subunites are in the chennel transupport system?
A2: the ABC protein, membrane fusion protein (MFP), and outer membrane protein (OMP)[specify]
Q3: What does this secretion system transport?
A3: various molecules, from ions, drugs, to proteins of various sizes
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

In a chapter of The Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, von Neumann deeply analyzed the so-called measurement problem. He concluded that the entire physical universe could be made subject to the universal wave function. Since something "outside the calculation" was needed to collapse the wave function, von Neumann concluded that the collapse was caused by the consciousness of the experimenter (although this view was accepted by Eugene Wigner, the Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation never gained acceptance amongst the majority of physicists).

Q1: What results came from von Neumann's deep analysis of the measurement problem?
A1: physical universe could be made subject to the universal wave function
Q2: What "outside of calculation" variable could initiate collapse in von Neumann's conclusion?
A2: consciousness of the experimenter
Q3: Were von Neumann's conclusions of collapse of entire universe cause accepted widely?
A3: Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation never gained acceptance amongst the majority of physicists
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

In a conventional lamp, the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope, darkening it. For bulbs that contain a vacuum, the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope. When a filling of inert gas is used, the evaporated tungsten is carried in the thermal convection currents of the gas, depositing preferentially on the uppermost part of the envelope and blackening just that portion of the envelope. An incandescent lamp that gives 93% or less of its initial light output at 75% of its rated life is regarded as unsatisfactory, when tested according to IEC Publication 60064. Light loss is due to filament evaporation and bulb blackening. Study of the problem of bulb blackening led to the discovery of the Edison effect, thermionic emission and invention of the vacuum tube.

Q1: What darkens a conventional bulb over its lifetime?
A1: the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope
Q2: What is the IEC guideline for an unacceptable level of light loss?
A2: An incandescent lamp that gives 93% or less of its initial light output at 75% of its rated life is regarded as unsatisfactory
Q3: What are the primary causes of light loss?
A3: Light loss is due to filament evaporation and bulb blackening
Q4: Where in the bulb is evaporated tungsten deposited when inert gas is used?
A4: on the uppermost part of the envelope
Q5: Where in the bulb is evaporated tungsten deposited when a vacuum is used?
A5: across the entire surface of the envelope
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

In a course at the LSA summer institute in 1991, Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky developed optimality theory—an overall architecture for phonology according to which languages choose a pronunciation of a word that best satisfies a list of constraints ordered by importance; a lower-ranked constraint can be violated when the violation is necessary in order to obey a higher-ranked constraint. The approach was soon extended to morphology by John McCarthy and Alan Prince, and has become a dominant trend in phonology. The appeal to phonetic grounding of constraints and representational elements (e.g. features) in various approaches has been criticized by proponents of 'substance-free phonology', especially Mark Hale and Charles Reiss.

Q1: When did Prince and Smolensky develop their theory?
A1: 1991
Q2: Where was optimality theory created?
A2: LSA summer institute
Q3: Aside from Alan Prince who brought optimality theory to morphology?
A3: John McCarthy
Q4: Who were prominent critics of optimality theory?
A4: Mark Hale and Charles Reiss
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism. The Global Value Development Index, calculated by Tausch, relies on the World Values Survey dimensions such as trust in the state of law, no support for shadow economy, postmaterial activism, support for democracy, a non-acceptance of violence, xenophobia and racism, trust in transnational capital and Universities, confidence in the market economy, supporting gender justice, and engaging in environmental activism, etc.

Q1: Who calculated the Global Value Development Index?
A1: Arno Tausch
Q2: What does a good job of combining religion and liberalism?
A2: Protestantism
Q3: Who did an analysis of World Values Survey data?
A3: Arno Tausch
Q4: What university is Arno Tausch from?
A4: Corvinus University of Budapest
Q5: What type of engagement is considered a World Value?
A5: environmental activism
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

In a famous paper of 1936 with Garrett Birkhoff, the first work ever to introduce quantum logics, von Neumann and Birkhoff first proved that quantum mechanics requires a propositional calculus substantially different from all classical logics and rigorously isolated a new algebraic structure for quantum logics. The concept of creating a propositional calculus for quantum logic was first outlined in a short section in von Neumann's 1932 work, but in 1936, the need for the new propositional calculus was demonstrated through several proofs. For example, photons cannot pass through two successive filters that are polarized perpendicularly (e.g., one horizontally and the other vertically), and therefore, a fortiori, it cannot pass if a third filter polarized diagonally is added to the other two, either before or after them in the succession, but if the third filter is added in between the other two, the photons will, indeed, pass through. This experimental fact is translatable into logic as the non-commutativity of conjunction . It was also demonstrated that the laws of distribution of classical logic,  and , are not valid for quantum theory.

Q1: With whom did von Neuman work on a paper in 1936 that introduce quantum logic?
A1: Garrett Birkhoff
Q2: What concept was created for quatum logic?
A2: propositional calculus
Q3: What is the difference of logic in quantum theory?
A3: laws of distribution of classical logic,  and , are not valid for quantum theory
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

In a five-to-four decision, the Supreme Court struck down the impositions of the death penalty in each of the consolidated cases as unconstitutional. The five justices in the majority did not produce a common opinion or rationale for their decision, however, and agreed only on a short statement announcing the result. The narrowest opinions, those of Byron White and Potter Stewart, expressed generalized concerns about the inconsistent application of the death penalty across a variety of cases but did not exclude the possibility of a constitutional death penalty law. Stewart and William O. Douglas worried explicitly about racial discrimination in enforcement of the death penalty. Thurgood Marshall and William J. Brennan, Jr. expressed the opinion that the death penalty was proscribed absolutely by the Eighth Amendment as "cruel and unusual" punishment.

Q1: Along with Marshall, who believed that the Eighth Amendment forbade the death penalty?
A1: William J. Brennan, Jr.
Q2: Along with Stewart, what Supreme Court justice was concerned about racial disparity in death penalty enforcement?
A2: William O. Douglas
Q3: Aside from Stewart, what justice believed that the death penalty could be constitutional?
A3: Byron White
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

In a further refinement of the direct use of probabilistic modelling, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called arithmetic coding. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a finite-state machine to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of input data symbols. It can achieve superior compression to other techniques such as the better-known Huffman algorithm. It uses an internal memory state to avoid the need to perform a one-to-one mapping of individual input symbols to distinct representations that use an integer number of bits, and it clears out the internal memory only after encoding the entire string of data symbols. Arithmetic coding applies especially well to adaptive data compression tasks where the statistics vary and are context-dependent, as it can be easily coupled with an adaptive model of the probability distribution of the input data. An early example of the use of arithmetic coding was its use as an optional (but not widely used) feature of the JPEG image coding standard. It has since been applied in various other designs including H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC for video coding.

Q1: What can be paired with an algorithm called arithmetic coding?
A1: statistical estimates
Q2: What can achieve superior compression?
A2: Arithmetic coding
Q3: What uses an internal memory state?
A3: Huffman algorithm
Title: Transistor
Topic: Engineering and technology

In a grounded-emitter transistor circuit, such as the light-switch circuit shown, as the base voltage rises, the emitter and collector currents rise exponentially. The collector voltage drops because of reduced resistance from collector to emitter. If the voltage difference between the collector and emitter were zero (or near zero), the collector current would be limited only by the load resistance (light bulb) and the supply voltage. This is called saturation because current is flowing from collector to emitter freely. When saturated, the switch is said to be on.

Q1: Why does the collector voltage drop in grounded-emitter transistor circuits?
A1: reduced resistance from collector to emitter
Q2: What would happen if the voltage difference from collector and emitter were zero?
A2: the collector current would be limited only by the load resistance (light bulb) and the supply voltage
Q3: What is the term for a zero difference between collector and emitter?
A3: saturation
Q4: Why is the term saturation named as such?
A4: current is flowing from collector to emitter freely
Q5: What position is the switch in when saturated?
A5: on
Title: War_on_Terror
Topic: History

In a major split in the ranks of Al Qaeda's organization, the Iraqi franchise, known as Al Qaeda in Iraq covertly invaded Syria and the Levant and began participating in the ongoing Syrian Civil War, gaining enough support and strength to re-invade Iraq's western provinces under the name of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL), taking over much of the country in a blitzkrieg-like action and combining the Iraq insurgency and Syrian Civil War into a single conflict. Due to their extreme brutality and a complete change in their overall ideology, Al Qaeda's core organization in Central Asia eventually denounced ISIS and directed their affiliates to cut off all ties with this organization. Many analysts[who?] believe that because of this schism, Al Qaeda and ISIL are now in a competition to retain the title of the world's most powerful terrorist organization.

Q1: Which civil war did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda begin fighting in?
A1: Syrian
Q2: With support from Syrians, what did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda rename themselves to?
A2: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL)
Q3: What part of Iraq did ISIS invade?
A3: western
Q4: Who denounced ISIS?
A4: Al Qaeda's core organization
Q5: What relationship do Al Qaeda and ISIS now have?
A5: competition
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

In a movie theater, steps in the aisles are usually marked with a row of small lights for convenience and safety, when the film has started and the other lights are off. Traditionally made up of small low wattage, low voltage lamps in a track or translucent tube, these are rapidly being replaced with LED based versions.

Q1: What do steps in move theater aisles have for safety markings?
A1: small lights
Q2: What are the low wattage lamps being replaced with in movie theaters?
A2: LED based versions
Q3: What kind of tube are the movie theaters lights enclosed in?
A3: translucent tube
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" to "Russian Federation," showing that it was now a sovereign state.

Q1: When did Gorbachev resign?
A1: December 25, 1991
Q2: Who was given control after Gorbachev left?
A2: Yeltsin
Q3: What was Russia's new legal name?
A3: Russian Federation
Q4: What was the Russian Federations previous legal name?
A4: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passed a sovereignty law that gave precedence to Azerbaijani law, and on October 4, the Popular Front was permitted to register as a legal organization as long as it lifted the blockade. Transport communications between Azerbaijan and Armenia never fully recovered. Tensions continued to escalate and on December 29, Popular Front activists seized local party offices in Jalilabad, wounding dozens.

Q1: What did the Popular Front do to Armenian railways?
A1: blockade
Q2: What shortages were caused by the blockade?
A2: petrol and food
Q3: How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan? 
A3: 85 percent
Q4: When was the sovereignty law passed?
A4: September 25
Q5: What in Jalilibad was taken over by the Popular Front?
A5: local party offices
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist, sometimes reflecting legal restrictions on political parties. In nonpartisan elections, each candidate is eligible for office on his or her own merits. In nonpartisan legislatures, there are no typically formal party alignments within the legislature. The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the United States Congress were nonpartisan. Washington also warned against political parties during his Farewell Address. In the United States, the unicameral legislature of Nebraska is nonpartisan but is elected and votes on informal party lines. In Canada, the territorial legislatures of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are nonpartisan. In New Zealand, Tokelau has a nonpartisan parliament. Many city and county governments[vague] are nonpartisan. Nonpartisan elections and modes of governance are common outside of state institutions. Unless there are legal prohibitions against political parties, factions within nonpartisan systems often evolve into political parties.

Q1: Do official political parties exist in a nonpartisan system?
A1: In a nonpartisan system, no official political parties exist
Q2: Was the administration of George Washington nonpartisan?
A2: The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the United States Congress were nonpartisan.
Q3: What did Washington warn against during his farewell address?
A3: political parties
Q4: What do factions within nonpartisan systems evolve into?
A4: political parties
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

In a number of countries, although being today generally considered similar institutions of higher learning across many countries, polytechnics and institutes of technology used to have a quite different statute among each other, its teaching competences and organizational history. In many cases polytechnic were elite technological universities concentrating on applied science and engineering and may also be a former designation for a vocational institution, before it has been granted the exclusive right to award academic degrees and can be truly called an institute of technology. A number of polytechnics providing higher education is simply a result of a formal upgrading from their original and historical role as intermediate technical education schools. In some situations, former polytechnics or other non-university institutions have emerged solely through an administrative change of statutes, which often included a name change with the introduction of new designations like institute of technology, polytechnic university, university of applied sciences, or university of technology for marketing purposes. Such emergence of so many upgraded polytechnics, former vocational education and technical schools converted into more university-like institutions has caused concern where the lack of specialized intermediate technical professionals lead to industrial skill shortages in some fields, being also associated to an increase of the graduate unemployment rate. This is mostly the case in those countries, where the education system is not controlled by the state and everybody can grant degrees.[citation needed] Evidence have also shown a decline in the general quality of teaching and graduate's preparation for the workplace, due to the fast-paced conversion of that technical institutions to more advanced higher level institutions. Mentz, Kotze and Van der Merwe (2008) argues that all the tools are in place to promote the debate on the place of technology in higher education in general and in Universities of Technology specifically. The aspects of this debate can follow the following lines: • To what degree is technology defined as a concept? • What is the scope of technology discourse? • What is the place and relation of science with technology? • How useful is the Mitcham framework in thinking about technology in South Africa? • Can a measure of cooperation as opposed to competition be achieved amongst higher education institutions? • Who ultimately is responsible for vocational training and what is the role of technology in this?

Q1: What term was used in some countries to describe select universities that focus on technological education in applied science and engineering?
A1: polytechnics
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

In a number of von Neumann's papers, the methods of argument he employed are considered even more significant than the results. In anticipation of his later study of dimension theory in algebras of operators, von Neumann used results on equivalence by finite decomposition, and reformulated the problem of measure in terms of functions. In his 1936 paper on analytic measure theory, he used the Haar theorem in the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem in the case of compact groups. In 1938, he was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize for his work in analysis.

Q1: What is often considered more important than the results of von Neumann's papers?
A1: methods of argument he employed
Q2: In 1938 what was von Neumann awarded?
A2: Bôcher Memorial Prize
Q3: What did von Neumann use the Haar theorem to solve in a 1936 paper?
A3: Hilbert's fifth problem in the case of compact groups
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

In a press conference held by the State Council Information Office the day after the earthquake, geologist Zhang Xiaodong, deputy director of CEA's Seismic Monitoring Network Center, restated that earthquake prediction was a global issue, in the sense that no proven methods exist, and that no prediction notification was received before the earthquake. Seismologist Gary Gibson of Monash University in Australia told Deutsche Presse-Agentur that he also did not see anything that could be regarded as having 'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence.

Q1: What was stated in the press conference?
A1: that earthquake prediction was a global issue
Q2: What do many geologists believe about earthquake prediction?
A2: no proven methods exist
Q3: What kind of issue is earthquake prediction?
A3: a global issue
Q4: What was received before the quake occurred?
A4: no prediction notification
Q5: What did  seismologist Gary Gibson have to say about the prediction of the quake?
A5: did not see anything
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

In a response to Livingstone, Theodore Dobzhansky argued that when talking about race one must be attentive to how the term is being used: "I agree with Dr. Livingstone that if races have to be 'discrete units,' then there are no races, and if 'race' is used as an 'explanation' of the human variability, rather than vice versa, then the explanation is invalid." He further argued that one could use the term race if one distinguished between "race differences" and "the race concept." The former refers to any distinction in gene frequencies between populations; the latter is "a matter of judgment." He further observed that even when there is clinal variation, "Race differences are objectively ascertainable biological phenomena… but it does not follow that racially distinct populations must be given racial (or subspecific) labels." In short, Livingstone and Dobzhansky agree that there are genetic differences among human beings; they also agree that the use of the race concept to classify people, and how the race concept is used, is a matter of social convention. They differ on whether the race concept remains a meaningful and useful social convention.

Q1: What must one be attentive to when talking about race?
A1: how the term is being used
Q2: On what point did Dobzhansky agree with Dr. Livingstone?
A2: if races have to be 'discrete units,' then there are no races
Q3: What is merely "a matter of judgement"?
A3: "the race concept."
Q4: While race difference possible to easily see, they need not be given what?
A4: labels
Q5: Livingston and Dobzhansky disagree on whether the race concept is what?
A5: a meaningful and useful social convention
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

In a series of emergency meetings that lasted from 2–5 October, Chinese leaders debated whether to send Chinese troops into Korea. There was considerable resistance among many leaders, including senior military leaders, to confronting the U.S. in Korea. Mao strongly supported intervention, and Zhou was one of the few Chinese leaders who firmly supported him. After Lin Biao politely refused Mao's offer to command Chinese forces in Korea (citing his upcoming medical treatment), Mao decided that Peng Dehuai would be the commander of the Chinese forces in Korea after Peng agreed to support Mao's position. Mao then asked Peng to speak in favor of intervention to the rest of the Chinese leaders. After Peng made the case that if U.S. troops conquered Korea and reached the Yalu they might cross it and invade China the Politburo agreed to intervene in Korea. Later, the Chinese claimed that US bombers had violated PRC national airspace on three separate occasions and attacked Chinese targets before China intervened. On 8 October 1950, Mao Zedong redesignated the PLA North East Frontier Force as the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA).

Q1: What was discussed at the emergency talks held by Chinese leaders?
A1: whether to send Chinese troops into Korea
Q2: Who was a proponent for intervening in Korea?
A2: Mao
Q3: Who was Lin Biao replaced with when he declined to lead the Chinese troops in Korea?
A3: Peng Dehuai
Q4: Who convinced the Chinese leaders who were against entering the war that it was a good idea?
A4: Peng
Q5: What did Mao Zedong's reinvented PLA North East Frontier Force become?
A5: People's Volunteer Army
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

In a series of famous papers, von Neumann made spectacular contributions to measure theory. The work of Banach had implied that the problem of measure has a positive solution if n = 1 or n = 2 and a negative solution in all other cases. Von Neumann's work argued that the "problem is essentially group-theoretic in character, and that, in particular, for the solvability of the problem of measure the ordinary algebraic concept of solvability of a group is relevant. Thus, according to von Neumann, it is the change of group that makes a difference, not the change of space."

Q1: In what way did von Neumann make spectacular contributions to measure theory?
A1: In a series of famous papers
Q2: What concept was relevant to the solvability of the problem of measure?
A2: algebraic concept of solvability of a group is relevant
Q3: According to von Neumann what is the most important part of the problem of measure?
A3: change of group that makes a difference, not the change of space
Title: Communication
Topic: Language and literature

In a simple model, often referred to as the transmission model or standard view of communication, information or content (e.g. a message in natural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emisor/ sender/ encoder to a destination/ receiver/ decoder. This common conception of communication simply views communication as a means of sending and receiving information. The strengths of this model are simplicity, generality, and quantifiability. Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver structured this model based on the following elements:

Q1: A simple model is also referred to as what?
A1: transmission model
Q2: What kind of message is sent in a simple model?
A2: a message in natural language
Q3: In what form is the information or content sent in a simple model?
A3: spoken language
Q4: How is information sent through a simple model?
A4: from an emisor/ sender/ encoder
Q5: What are the strengths of the simple model?
A5: simplicity, generality, and quantifiability
Title: Communication
Topic: Language and literature

In a slightly more complex form a sender and a receiver are linked reciprocally. This second attitude of communication, referred to as the constitutive model or constructionist view, focuses on how an individual communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted. Communication is viewed as a conduit; a passage in which information travels from one individual to another and this information becomes separate from the communication itself. A particular instance of communication is called a speech act. The sender's personal filters and the receiver's personal filters may vary depending upon different regional traditions, cultures, or gender; which may alter the intended meaning of message contents. In the presence of "communication noise" on the transmission channel (air, in this case), reception and decoding of content may be faulty, and thus the speech act may not achieve the desired effect. One problem with this encode-transmit-receive-decode model is that the processes of encoding and decoding imply that the sender and receiver each possess something that functions as a codebook, and that these two code books are, at the very least, similar if not identical. Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties.

Q1: How are the sender and receiver connected in a slightly more complex form of communication model?
A1: reciprocally
Q2: What is the model of communication in which the sender and receiver are connected reciprocally called?
A2: constitutive model or constructionist view
Q3: What is communication viewed as?
A3: a conduit
Q4: What is something that may alter the intended meaning of a message?
A4: different regional traditions
Q5: What is something that may cause the reception and decoding of the content of a message to be faulty?
A5: communication noise
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

In a slower process, radioactive decay of atoms in the core of the Earth releases heat. This thermal energy drives plate tectonics and may lift mountains, via orogenesis. This slow lifting represents a kind of gravitational potential energy storage of the thermal energy, which may be later released to active kinetic energy in landslides, after a triggering event. Earthquakes also release stored elastic potential energy in rocks, a store that has been produced ultimately from the same radioactive heat sources. Thus, according to present understanding, familiar events such as landslides and earthquakes release energy that has been stored as potential energy in the Earth's gravitational field or elastic strain (mechanical potential energy) in rocks. Prior to this, they represent release of energy that has been stored in heavy atoms since the collapse of long-destroyed supernova stars created these atoms.

Q1: What releases stored elastic potential energy in rocks?
A1: Earthquakes
Q2: What does radioactive decay of atoms in the core of the Earth release?
A2: heat
Q3: What drives plate tectonics and may lift mountains via orogenesis?
A3: thermal energy
Q4: What is mechanical potential energy?
A4: elastic strain
Title: Muslim_world
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particularly Muslims living in Western countries, where restrictions are considered both sexist and oppressive. Some Muslims oppose this charge, and instead declare that the media in these countries presses on women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive, and that this is itself sexist and oppressive.

Q1: How many Muslim nations require women to cover their legs, shoulders, or whole body?
A1: a small minority
Q2: What are the restrictions on the dress of Muslim women considered in the West?
A2: sexist and oppressive
Q3: Why do some Muslims oppose allowing women to reveal more of themselves?
A3: women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive
Q4: In its most strict style what must a woman cover in some Muslim nations?
A4: the face
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

In a speech before the Organization of American States in November 2013, Kerry remarked that the era of the Monroe Doctrine was over. He went on to explain, "The relationship that we seek and that we have worked hard to foster is not about a United States declaration about how and when it will intervene in the affairs of other American states. It's about all of our countries viewing one another as equals, sharing responsibilities, cooperating on security issues, and adhering not to doctrine, but to the decisions that we make as partners to advance the values and the interests that we share."

Q1: Where did Kerry speak in Nov 2013?
A1: the Organization of American States
Q2: What did Kerry say had ended, in the Nov 2013 speech?
A2: the era of the Monroe Doctrine
Q3: When did Kerry speak to the OAS?
A3: in November 2013
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

In a speech on 24 November 1992, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis, meaning horrible year. In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and his wife, Sarah, separated; in April, her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips; during a state visit to Germany in October, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her; and, in November, a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences. The monarchy came under increased criticism and public scrutiny. In an unusually personal speech, the Queen said that any institution must expect criticism, but suggested it be done with "a touch of humour, gentleness and understanding". Two days later, the Prime Minister, John Major, announced reforms to the royal finances planned since the previous year, including the Queen paying income tax from 1993 onwards, and a reduction in the civil list. In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated. The year ended with a lawsuit as the Queen sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast. The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £200,000 to charity.

Q1: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark?
A1: her accession
Q2: What did Elizabeth call her past year?
A2: annus horribilis
Q3: When did Price Andrew separate from his wife?
A3: March
Q4: Who did Princess Anne divorce in April?
A4: Captain Mark Phillips
Q5: What great house caught fire in November?
A5: Windsor Castle
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

In a study published in the Journal of Behavioural and Experimental Economics, and reported on in early May 2014, researchers from the University of Portsmouth in the UK discussed findings from examining the illegal downloading behavior of 6,000 Finnish people, aged seven to 84. The list of reasons for downloading given by the study respondents included money saving; the ability to access material not on general release, or before it was released; and assisting artists to avoid involvement with record companies and movie studios.

Q1: What researchers conducted a study in the early part of May 2014?
A1: University of Portsmouth
Q2: How many people were part of the study?
A2: 6,000
Q3: What was the age range of people studied?
A3: seven to 84
Q4: Who did downloaders want to help by avoiding studios and record companies?
A4: artists