LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Ireland has an "Institute of Technology" system, formerly referred to as Regional Technical College (RTCs) system. The terms "IT" and "IT's" are now widely used to describe an Institute(s) of Technology. These institutions offer sub-degree, degree and post-graduate level studies. Unlike the Irish university system an Institute of Technology also offers sub-degree programmes such as 2-year Higher Certificate programme in various academic fields of study. Some institutions have "delegated authority" that allows them to make awards in their own name, after authorisation by the Higher Education & Training Awards Council.

Q1: What was the original name of Ireland's Institute of Technology system?
A1: Regional Technical College
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

Ireland, the United Kingdom and the three Crown Dependencies are all parliamentary democracies, with their own separate parliaments. All parts of the United Kingdom return members to parliament in London. In addition to this, voters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland return members to a parliament in Edinburgh and to assemblies in Cardiff and Belfast respectively. Governance in the norm is by majority rule, however, Northern Ireland uses a system of power sharing whereby unionists and nationalists share executive posts proportionately and where the assent of both groups are required for the Northern Ireland Assembly to make certain decisions. (In the context of Northern Ireland, unionists are those who want Northern Ireland to remain a part of the United Kingdom and nationalists are those who want Northern Ireland join with the rest of Ireland.) The British monarch is the head of state for all parts of the isles except for the Republic of Ireland, where the head of state is the President of Ireland.

Q1: Which state send members to the parliament in Edinburgh?
A1: Scotland
Q2: What type of government does the United Kingdom and the Crown Dependencies have?
A2: parliamentary democracies
Q3: Who shares power in Northern Ireland?
A3: unionists and nationalists
Q4: Unionists in Northern Ireland want to remain part of which country?
A4: United Kingdom
Q5: Nationalist in Northern Ireland want to join which country?
A5: the rest of Ireland
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausible etymology proposes that the term Somali is derived from the Arabic for "wealthy" (dhawamaal), again referring to Somali riches in livestock.

Q1: From whom are several Somali clans descended?
A1: Irir Samaale
Q2: From what words is the term 'Somali' generally regarded as being derived?
A2: soo and maal
Q3: What does 'soo and maal' mean in English?
A3: go and milk
Q4: What word in Arabic means 'wealthy' in English?
A4: dhawamaal
Q5: What resource traditionally comprised Somali wealth?
A5: livestock
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks are the largest ethnic European groups in the city. Philadelphia has the second-largest Irish and Italian populations in the United States, after New York City. South Philadelphia remains one of the largest Italian neighborhoods in the country and is home to the Italian Market. The Pennsport neighborhood and Gray's Ferry section of South Philadelphia, home to many Mummer clubs, are well known as Irish neighborhoods. The Kensington section, Port Richmond, and Fishtown have historically been heavily Irish and Polish. Port Richmond is well known in particular as the center of the Polish immigrant and Polish-American community in Philadelphia, and it remains a common destination for Polish immigrants. Northeast Philadelphia, although known for its Irish and Irish-American population, is also home to a large Jewish and Russian population. Mount Airy in Northwest Philadelphia also contains a large Jewish community, while nearby Chestnut Hill is historically known as an Anglo-Saxon Protestant stronghold.

Q1: Name the six largest European ethnic groups in the city?
A1: Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks
Q2: Which city has the largest Irish and Italian populations?
A2: New York City
Q3: What area of the city has a large Italian neighborhood?
A3: South Philadelphia
Q4: Which three areas are high in Irish and Polish?
A4: Kensington section, Port Richmond, and Fishtown
Q5: Which part of the city has a large Jewish area?
A5: Mount Airy
Title: Alloy
Topic: Mathematics

Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit people. Native copper, however, was found worldwide, along with silver, gold and platinum, which were also used to make tools, jewelry, and other objects since Neolithic times. Copper was the hardest of these metals, and the most widely distributed. It became one of the most important metals to the ancients. Eventually, humans learned to smelt metals such as copper and tin from ore, and, around 2500 BC, began alloying the two metals to form bronze, which is much harder than its ingredients. Tin was rare, however, being found mostly in Great Britain. In the Middle East, people began alloying copper with zinc to form brass. Ancient civilizations took into account the mixture and the various properties it produced, such as hardness, toughness and melting point, under various conditions of temperature and work hardening, developing much of the information contained in modern alloy phase diagrams. Arrowheads from the Chinese Qin dynasty (around 200 BC) were often constructed with a hard bronze-head, but a softer bronze-tang, combining the alloys to prevent both dulling and breaking during use.

Q1: Where is the only iron deposit on earth?
A1: Greenland
Q2: Around what time did bronze start being formed?
A2: 2500 BC
Q3: What does copper and zinc form to make?
A3: brass
Q4: Where is tin mostly found?
A4: Great Britain
Q5: Which metal important to the ancients is the hardest one?
A5: Copper
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Isabelle Stengers wrote that "Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education." Indeed, in recent decades attention to Whitehead's work has become more widespread, with interest extending to intellectuals in Europe and China, and coming from such diverse fields as ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology. One of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought was the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple. In Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 (subsequently published as "Nature, Man and God"), Whitehead is one of a number of philosophers of the emergent evolution approach Temple interacts with. However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.

Q1: According to Isabelle Stengers, what are unifying factors in diverse practices (like ecology and feminism) that have become interested in Whitehead's work?
A1: practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education
Q2: In what areas of the world has interest in Whitehead's work spread in recent decades?
A2: Europe and China
Q3: What other fields have shown more recent interest in Whitehead's work?
A3: ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology
Q4: Who was one of the first theologians to try to interact with Whitehead's ideas?
A4: William Temple
Q5: What was the basis for "Nature, Man and God"?
A5: Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Isambard Kingdom Brunel, the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the Swindon station pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.

Q1: Who pioneered the circular bar?
A1: Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Q2: At what establishment was the circular bar introduced?
A2: Swindon station pub
Q3: What was Isambard Brunel's occuption?
A3: engineer and railway builder
Q4: What was Isambard Brunel's nationality?
A4: British
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

Isidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, mauron". "In Isidore’s day, Moors were black by definition…"

Q1: Who claimed that Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron?
A1: Isidore of Seville
Q2: When was this claim made?
A2: 7th century,
Q3: What does mauron mean?
A3: black
Q4: What is the compilation of Isidore of Seville's work called?
A4: Etymologies
Q5: What was "Black by definition"?
A5: Moors
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males) to the Islamic state. Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule. They had several social and legal disabilities such as prohibitions against bearing arms or giving testimony in courts in cases involving Muslims. Many of the disabilities were highly symbolic. The one described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading" was the requirement of distinctive clothing, not found in the Quran or hadith but invented in early medieval Baghdad; its enforcement was highly erratic. On the other hand, Jews rarely faced martyrdom or exile, or forced compulsion to change their religion, and they were mostly free in their choice of residence and profession.

Q1: What were Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands known as?
A1: dhimmis
Q2: What is the per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males known as?
A2: jizya
Q3: Which group had an inferior status under Islamic rule?
A3: Dhimmis
Q4: What was the disability described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading?"
A4: requirement of distinctive clothing
Title: Zhejiang
Topic: Geography and places

Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority).

Q1: How long ago did Islam arrive in Zhejiang?
A1: 1,400 years
Q2: What religion do the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang practice?
A2: Islam
Q3: How many of the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang practice Islam?
A3: virtually all
Q4: What is practiced by the She ethnic minority in Zhejiang?
A4: She shamanism
Q5: What religion came to Zhejiang 1,400 years ago?
A5: Islam
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.

Q1: Which religion is widely practiced in Southeast Asia?
A1: Islam
Q2: What percentage of the population in Southeast Asia practice Islam?
A2: 40%
Q3: Among the Southeast Asian countries, which country has the most populous Muslims among them?
A3: Indonesia
Q4: Roman Catholic population is predominant in which Asian country?
A4: Philippines
Q5: East Timor is predominantly catholic due to which European rule's history?
A5: Portuguese
Title: Architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent. The widespread application of the pointed arch was to influence European architecture of the Medieval period.

Q1: What cultures architecture inspired Islamic architecture to use pointed arch's?
A1: European architecture
Q2: When was Islamic architecture first seen?
A2: 7th century CE
Q3: In addition to forms from the ancient Middle East, what other place's forms had an effect on Islamic architecture?
A3: Byzantium
Q4: What other parts of the society's needs did architecture fill?
A4: religious and social needs
Q5: What kind of arch design from Islamic architecture affected European architects?
A5: pointed arch
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

Islamic architecture used mosaic technique to decorate religious buildings and palaces after the Muslim conquests of the eastern provinces of the Byzantine Empire. In Syria and Egypt the Arabs were influenced by the great tradition of Roman and Early Christian mosaic art. During the Umayyad Dynasty mosaic making remained a flourishing art form in Islamic culture and it is continued in the art of zellige and azulejo in various parts of the Arab world, although tile was to become the main Islamic form of wall decoration.

Q1: Who conquered the Eastern Provinces of the Byzantine empire?
A1: Muslim
Q2: In Syria and Egypt, other than early Christians, who influenced their mosaic work?
A2: Roman
Q3: What would later become the main Islamic form of wall decoration?
A3: tile
Q4: The Umayyad Dynasty made mosaic making do what in the Islamic culture?
A4: remained a flourishing art form
Title: Muslim_world
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Islamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim societies, notably the miniature style made famous in Persia and under the Ottoman Empire which featured paintings of people and animals, and also depictions of Quranic stories and Islamic traditional narratives. Another reason why Islamic art is usually abstract is to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God, an objective achieved by arabesque. Islamic calligraphy is an omnipresent decoration in Islamic art, and is usually expressed in the form of Quranic verses. Two of the main scripts involved are the symbolic kufic and naskh scripts, which can be found adorning the walls and domes of mosques, the sides of minbars, and so on.

Q1: What is the repetitive use of geometric floral designs known as in Islamic art?
A1: arabesque
Q2: Islam forbade types of art found in what religions?
A2: pre-Islamic pagan religions
Q3: Miniature paintings of the Ottoman empire featured what kind of subjects?
A3: people and animals
Q4: In mosques domes may have what kind of scripts decorating them?
A4: kufic and naskh scripts
Q5: What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract?
A5: to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God
Title: Political_philosophy
Topic: History

Islamic political philosophy, was, indeed, rooted in the very sources of Islam—i.e., the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the words and practices of Muhammad—thus making it essentially theocratic. However, in the Western thought, it is generally supposed that it was a specific area peculiar merely to the great philosophers of Islam: al-Kindi (Alkindus), al-Farabi (Abunaser), İbn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), and Ibn Khaldun. The political conceptions of Islam such as kudrah (power), sultan, ummah, cemaa (obligation)-and even the "core" terms of the Qur'an—i.e., ibadah (worship), din (religion), rab (master) and ilah (deity)—is taken as the basis of an analysis. Hence, not only the ideas of the Muslim political philosophers but also many other jurists and ulama posed political ideas and theories. For example, the ideas of the Khawarij in the very early years of Islamic history on Khilafa and Ummah, or that of Shia Islam on the concept of Imamah are considered proofs of political thought. The clashes between the Ehl-i Sunna and Shia in the 7th and 8th centuries had a genuine political character.

Q1: The clashes between Ehl-i Sunna and Shia had what kind of character? 
A1: political
Q2: Islamic political philosophy was rooted in what sources? 
A2: Islam
Q3: What is taken as the basis of an analysis?
A3: The political conceptions of Islam
Title: Quran
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Islamic tradition relates that Muhammad received his first revelation in the Cave of Hira during one of his isolated retreats to the mountains. Thereafter, he received revelations over a period of 23 years. According to hadith and Muslim history, after Muhammad immigrated to Medina and formed an independent Muslim community, he ordered many of his companions to recite the Quran and to learn and teach the laws, which were revealed daily. It is related that some of the Quraysh who were taken prisoners at the battle of Badr regained their freedom after they had taught some of the Muslims the simple writing of the time. Thus a group of Muslims gradually became literate. As it was initially spoken, the Quran was recorded on tablets, bones, and the wide, flat ends of date palm fronds. Most suras were in use amongst early Muslims since they are mentioned in numerous sayings by both Sunni and Shia sources, relating Muhammad's use of the Quran as a call to Islam, the making of prayer and the manner of recitation. However, the Quran did not exist in book form at the time of Muhammad's death in 632. There is agreement among scholars that Muhammad himself did not write down the revelation.

Q1: In which mountain cave did Mohammad experience his first revelation?
A1: Cave of Hira
Q2: Where did Mohammad move to found a separate Muslim community?
A2: Medina
Q3: Prisoners from which battle are thought to have helped Muslims learn to write?
A3: Badr
Q4: Vegetation from which tree served as an early recording medium for the Quran?
A4: date palm
Q5: When Muhammad dies, what had not yet been compiled as a book?
A5: Quran
Title: Flowering_plant
Topic: Natural sciences

Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants. Island genetics is believed to be a common source of speciation in general, especially when it comes to radical adaptations that seem to have required inferior transitional forms. Flowering plants may have evolved in an isolated setting like an island or island chain, where the plants bearing them were able to develop a highly specialized relationship with some specific animal (a wasp, for example). Such a relationship, with a hypothetical wasp carrying pollen from one plant to another much the way fig wasps do today, could result in the development of a high degree of specialization in both the plant(s) and their partners. Note that the wasp example is not incidental; bees, which, it is postulated, evolved specifically due to mutualistic plant relationships, are descended from wasps.

Q1: What is one proposed explanation for the instant appearance of flowering plants?
A1: Island genetics
Q2: What is island genetics thought to be a default source of?
A2: speciation
Q3: What did radical adaptations seem to have required?
A3: inferior transitional forms
Q4: How did an isolated setting like an island help flowering plants evolve?
A4: highly specialized relationship with some specific animal
Q5: What are bees descended from?
A5: wasps
Title: Norfolk_Island
Topic: Geography and places

Islanders speak both English and a creole language known as Norfuk, a blend of 18th-century English and Tahitian. The Norfuk language is decreasing in popularity as more tourists travel to the island and more young people leave for work and study reasons; however, there are efforts to keep it alive via dictionaries and the renaming of some tourist attractions to their Norfuk equivalents. In 2004 an act of the Norfolk Island Assembly made it a co-official language of the island. The act is long-titled: "An Act to recognise the Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) as an official language of Norfolk Island." The "language known as 'Norf'k'" is described as the language "that is spoken by descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island". The act recognises and protects use of the language but does not require it; in official use, it must be accompanied by an accurate translation into English. 32% of the total population reported speaking a language other than English in the 2011 census, and just under three-quarters of the ordinarily resident population could speak Norfuk.

Q1: What languages do residents of Norfolk Island speak?
A1: English and a creole language known as Norfuk
Q2: What is the Norfuk language a mixture of?
A2: 18th-century English and Tahitian
Q3: The Norfuk language of Norfolk Island was first spoken by whom?
A3: descendants of the first free settlers of Norfolk Island who were descendants of the settlers of Pitcairn Island
Q4: What is the official co-language of Norfolk Island?
A4: The Norfuk language
Q5: What part of the residents of Norfolk Island could speak Norfuk as of 2011?
A5: under three-quarters
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

Islington's 1 mile (1.6 km) long Upper Street, extending northwards from Angel, has more bars and restaurants than any other street in the United Kingdom. Europe's busiest shopping area is Oxford Street, a shopping street nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) long, making it the longest shopping street in the United Kingdom. Oxford Street is home to vast numbers of retailers and department stores, including the world-famous Selfridges flagship store. Knightsbridge, home to the equally renowned Harrods department store, lies to the south-west.

Q1: What street in Islington boasts more bars and restaurants than any other street in Britain?
A1: Upper Street
Q2: What is the longest street for shopping,, housing many shops and department stores, in the United Kingdom?
A2: Oxford Street
Q3: How long is Islington's Upper Street? 
A3: 1 mile (1.6 km)
Q4: What famous high-end department store is located on Oxford Street?
A4: Selfridges flagship store
Q5: Which world-renowned luxury department store is located in the borough of Knightsbridge?
A5: Harrods
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

Isolated remains of Homo erectus in Hathnora in the Narmada Valley in central India indicate that India might have been inhabited since at least the Middle Pleistocene era, somewhere between 500,000 and 200,000 years ago. Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been dated back two million years have been discovered in the northwestern part of the subcontinent. The ancient history of the region includes some of South Asia's oldest settlements and some of its major civilisations. The earliest archaeological site in the subcontinent is the palaeolithic hominid site in the Soan River valley. Soanian sites are found in the Sivalik region across what are now India, Pakistan, and Nepal.

Q1: By what era was India inhabited by humans of some form?
A1: Middle Pleistocene
Q2: What type of remains were found in the Narmada Valley?
A2: Homo erectus
Q3: From how long ago do tools date in India?
A3: two million years
Q4: Where in the subcontinent is the oldest archaeological site?
A4: Soan River valley
Q5: What type of resident lived at the site in Soan River Valley?
A5: palaeolithic hominid
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل‎ Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل‎ Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1]

Q1: What is the official State of Israel?
A1: Israel
Q2: Where is Israel located?
A2: Middle East
Q3: What's Israel's financial and technology center?
A3: Tel Aviv
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel has 18,096 kilometers (11,244 mi) of paved roads, and 2.4 million motor vehicles. The number of motor vehicles per 1,000 persons was 324, relatively low with respect to developed countries. Israel has 5,715 buses on scheduled routes, operated by several carriers, the largest of which is Egged, serving most of the country. Railways stretch across 949 kilometers (590 mi) and are operated solely by government-owned Israel Railways (All figures are for 2008). Following major investments beginning in the early to mid-1990s, the number of train passengers per year has grown from 2.5 million in 1990, to 35 million in 2008; railways are also used to transport 6.8 million tons of cargo, per year.

Q1: How many kilometers of paved roads does Israel have?
A1: 18,096
Q2: How many buses have scheduled routes in Israel?
A2: 5,715
Q3: How much cargo do railways transport per year?
A3: 6.8 million tons
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel has a school life expectancy of 15.5 years and a literacy rate of 97.1% according to the United Nations. The State Education Law, passed in 1953, established five types of schools: state secular, state religious, ultra orthodox, communal settlement schools, and Arab schools. The public secular is the largest school group, and is attended by the majority of Jewish and non-Arab pupils in Israel. Most Arabs send their children to schools where Arabic is the language of instruction. Education is compulsory in Israel for children between the ages of three and eighteen. Schooling is divided into three tiers – primary school (grades 1–6), middle school (grades 7–9), and high school (grades 10–12) – culminating with Bagrut matriculation exams. Proficiency in core subjects such as mathematics, the Hebrew language, Hebrew and general literature, the English language, history, Biblical scripture and civics is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate. In Arab, Christian and Druze schools, the exam on Biblical studies is replaced by an exam on Muslim, Christian or Druze heritage. Christian Arabs are one of the most educated groups in Israel. Maariv have describe the Christian Arabs sectors as "the most successful in education system", since Christian Arabs fared the best in terms of education in comparison to any other group receiving an education in Israel. Israeli children from Russian-speaking families have a higher bagrut pass rate at high-school level. Although amongst immigrant children born in the FSU, the bagrut pass rate is highest amongst those families from Western FSU states of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova (at 62.6%), and lower amongst those from Central Asian and Caucasian FSU states. In 2003, over half of all Israeli twelfth graders earned a matriculation certificate.

Q1: What is the school expectancy in Israel?
A1: 15.5 years
Q2: What is the literacy rate in Israel?
A2: 97.1%
Q3: What is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate?
A3: Biblical scripture and civics
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel has a three-tier court system. At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in most cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving as both appellate courts and courts of first instance; they are situated in five of Israel's six districts. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court, located in Jerusalem; it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state authorities. Although Israel supports the goals of the International Criminal Court, it has not ratified the Rome Statute, citing concerns about the ability of the court to remain free from political impartiality.

Q1: What kind of court system does Israel have?
A1: three-tier
Q2: Where is the Supreme Court located?
A2: Jerusalem
Q3: What is the highest tier?
A3: Supreme Court
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel has embraced solar energy; its engineers are on the cutting edge of solar energy technology and its solar companies work on projects around the world. Over 90% of Israeli homes use solar energy for hot water, the highest per capita in the world. According to government figures, the country saves 8% of its electricity consumption per year because of its solar energy use in heating. The high annual incident solar irradiance at its geographic latitude creates ideal conditions for what is an internationally renowned solar research and development industry in the Negev Desert. Israel had a modern electric car infrastructure involving a countrywide network of recharging stations to facilitate the charging and exchange of car batteries. It was thought that this would have lowered Israel's oil dependency and lowered the fuel costs of hundreds of Israel's motorists that use cars powered only by electric batteries. The Israeli model was being studied by several countries and being implemented in Denmark and Australia. However, Israel's trailblazing electric car company Better Place shut down in 2013.

Q1: How many homes in Israel use solar energy for hot water?
A1: Over 90%
Q2: How much electricity does the country save per year?
A2: 8%
Q3: When did Better Place shut down?
A3: 2013
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel has nine public universities that are subsidized by the state and 49 private colleges. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel's second-oldest university after the Technion, houses the National Library of Israel, the world's largest repository of Judaica and Hebraica. The Technion, the Hebrew University, and the Weizmann Institute consistently ranked among world's 100 top universities by the prestigious ARWU academic ranking. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv University are ranked among the world's top 100 universities by Times Higher Education magazine. Other major universities in the country include Bar-Ilan University, the University of Haifa, The Open University, and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Ariel University, in the West Bank, is the newest university institution, upgraded from college status, and the first in over thirty years. Israel's seven research universities (excluding the Open University) are consistently ranked among top 500 in the world.

Q1: How many public universities does Israel have?
A1: Israel
Q2: How many private colleges does Israel have?
A2: 49
Q3: What is the oldest university in Israel?
A3: Technion
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel has one of the highest ratios of defense spending to GDP of all developed countries, only topped by Oman and Saudi Arabia. In 1984, for example, the country spent 24% of its GDP on defense. By 2006, that figure had dropped to 7.3%. Israel is one of the world's largest arms exporters, and was ranked fourth in the world for weapons exports in 2007. The majority of Israel's arms exports are unreported for security reasons. Since 1967, the United States has been a particularly notable foreign contributor of military aid to Israel: the US is expected to provide the country with $3.15 billion per year from 2013 to 2018. Israel is consistently rated low in the Global Peace Index, ranking 148th out of 162 nations for peacefulness in 2015.

Q1: What two countries have a higher defense spending to GDP ratio than Israel?
A1: Oman and Saudi Arabia
Q2: What percentage of it's GDP was spent on defense in 1984?
A2: 24%
Q3: What was Israel's Global Peace Index rank in 2015?
A3: 148th
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel has two official languages, Hebrew and Arabic. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken everyday by the majority of the population, and Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Hebrew is taught in Arab schools. English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the creation of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents. Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school. In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects. As a country of immigrants, many languages can be heard on the streets. Due to mass immigration from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia (some 130,000 Ethiopian Jews live in Israel), Russian and Amharic are widely spoken. More than one million Russian-speaking immigrants arrived in Israel from the former Soviet Union states between 1990 and 2004. French is spoken by around 700,000 Israelis, mostly originating from France and North Africa (see Maghrebi Jews).

Q1: What are the two official languages of Israel?
A1: Hebrew and Arabic
Q2: How many Israelis speak French?
A2: 700,000
Q3: How many Russian immigrants arrived in Israel?
A3: one million
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel is a leading country in the development of solar energy. Israel is a global leader in water conservation and geothermal energy, and its development of cutting-edge technologies in software, communications and the life sciences have evoked comparisons with Silicon Valley. According to the OECD, Israel is also ranked 1st in the world in expenditure on Research and Development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP. Intel and Microsoft built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel, and other high-tech multi-national corporations, such as IBM, Google, Apple, HP, Cisco Systems, and Motorola, have opened R&D facilities in the country.

Q1: Israel is a leading country of what development?
A1: solar energy
Q2: Israel is ranked 1st in the world in what?
A2: expenditure on Research and Development
Q3: What companies built their first overseas research and development centers in Israel?
A3: Intel and Microsoft
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia and the Middle East in economic and industrial development. Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for spurring the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. In 2010, it joined the OECD. The country is ranked 3rd in the region and 38th worldwide on the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index as well as in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report. It has the second-largest number of startup companies in the world (after the United States) and the largest number of NASDAQ-listed companies outside North America.

Q1: Who is considered the most advanced country in Southwest Asia?
A1: Israel
Q2: When did Israel join the OECD?
A2: 2010
Q3: Where does Israel rank in number of startup companies in the world?
A3: second
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel is home to many Palestinian musicians, including internationally acclaimed oud and violin virtuoso Taiseer Elias, singer Amal Murkus, and brothers Samir and Wissam Joubran. Israeli Arab musicians have achieved fame beyond Israel's borders: Elias and Murkus frequently play to audiences in Europe and America, and oud player Darwish Darwish (Prof. Elias's student) was awarded first prize in the all-Arab oud contest in Egypt in 2003. The Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance has an advanced degree program, headed by Taiseer Elias, in Arabic music.[citation needed]

Q1: What internationally acclaimed violin virtuoso is from Israel?
A1: Taiseer Elias
Q2: Who was awarded first prize in the all-Arab oud contest in Egypt in 2003?
A2: Darwish Darwish
Q3: Who is the head of the advanced degree program in Arabic music?
A3: Taiseer Elias
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel is one of the world's technological leaders in water technology. In 2011, its water technology industry was worth around $2 billion a year with annual exports of products and services in the tens of millions of dollars. The ongoing shortage of water in the country has spurred innovation in water conservation techniques, and a substantial agricultural modernization, drip irrigation, was invented in Israel. Israel is also at the technological forefront of desalination and water recycling. The Ashkelon seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant, the largest in the world, was voted 'Desalination Plant of the Year' in the Global Water Awards in 2006. Israel hosts an annual Water Technology Exhibition and Conference (WaTec) that attracts thousands of people from across the world. By 2014, Israel's desalination programs provided roughly 35% of Israel's drinking water and it is expected to supply 40% by 2015 and 70% by 2050. As of May 29, 2015 more than 50 percent of the water for Israeli households, agriculture and industry is artificially produced. As a result of innovations in reverse osmosis technology, Israel is set to become a net exporter of water in the coming years.

Q1: How much is Israel's water technology industry worth?
A1: $2 billion a year
Q2: What's the largest desalination plant in the world?
A2: The Ashkelon seawater reverse osmosis
Q3: How much drinking water is produced by Israel's desalination programs?
A3: 35%
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel is served by two international airports, Ben Gurion International Airport, the country's main hub for international air travel near Tel Aviv-Yafo, Ovda Airport in the south, as well as several small domestic airports. Ben Gurion, Israel's largest airport, handled over 12.1 million passengers in 2010. On the Mediterranean coast, Haifa Port is the country's oldest and largest port, while Ashdod Port is one of the few deep water ports in the world built on the open sea. In addition to these, the smaller Port of Eilat is situated on the Red Sea, and is used mainly for trading with Far East countries.

Q1: What is the country's main hub for international air travel?
A1: Ben Gurion International Airport
Q2: What is the country's oldest and largest port?
A2: Haifa Port
Q3: How many international airports are in Israel?
A3: two
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons as well as chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. Israel has not signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and maintains a policy of deliberate ambiguity toward its nuclear capabilities. The Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines are believed to be armed with nuclear Popeye Turbo missiles, offering nuclear second strike capability. Since the Gulf War in 1991, when Israel was attacked by Iraqi Scud missiles, all homes in Israel are required to have a reinforced security room, Merkhav Mugan, impermeable to chemical and biological substances.

Q1: Israel is widely believed to possess what?
A1: nuclear weapons
Q2: What is armed with nuclear Popeye Turbo missiles?
A2: Israeli Navy's Dolphin submarines
Q3: All homes in Israel are required to have a room called what?
A3: Merkhav Mugan
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel maintains diplomatic relations with 158 countries and has 107 diplomatic missions around the world; countries with whom they have no diplomatic relations include most Muslim countries. Only three members of the Arab League have normalized relations with Israel: Egypt and Jordan signed peace treaties in 1979 and 1994, respectively, and Mauritania opted for full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999. Despite the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, Israel is still widely considered an enemy country among Egyptians. Under Israeli law, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Sudan, and Yemen are enemy countries, and Israeli citizens may not visit them without permission from the Ministry of the Interior. Iran had diplomatic relations with Israel under the Pahlavi dynasty but withdrew its recognition of Israel during the Islamic Revolution. As a result of the 2008–09 Gaza War, Mauritania, Qatar, Bolivia, and Venezuela suspended political and economic ties with Israel.

Q1: How many countries does Israel maintain diplomatic relations?
A1: 158
Q2: How many diplomatic missions do they have?
A2: 107
Q3: How many Arab League members have relations with Israel?
A3: three
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel operates under a parliamentary system as a democratic republic with universal suffrage. A member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority becomes the prime minister—usually this is the chair of the largest party. The prime minister is the head of government and head of the cabinet. Israel is governed by a 120-member parliament, known as the Knesset. Membership of the Knesset is based on proportional representation of political parties, with a 3.25% electoral threshold, which in practice has resulted in coalition governments.

Q1: Israel operates under what kind of system?
A1: parliamentary
Q2: How many members are in the Knesset?
A2: 120
Q3: Knesset member is based on what?
A3: proportional representation of political parties
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

Israel retaliated against Egyptian shelling with commando raids, artillery shelling and air strikes. This resulted in an exodus of civilians from Egyptian cities along the Suez Canal's western bank. Nasser ceased all military activities and began a program to build a network of internal defenses, while receiving the financial backing of various Arab states. The war resumed in March 1969. In November, Nasser brokered an agreement between the PLO and the Lebanese military that granted Palestinian guerrillas the right to use Lebanese territory to attack Israel.

Q1: What did Nasser do to respond to Israeli attacks?
A1: build a network of internal defenses
Q2: When did the war start up again?
A2: March 1969
Q3: What groups did Nasser broker an agreement with?
A3: PLO and the Lebanese military
Q4: Who would get to attack Israel from Lebanon?
A4: Palestinian guerrillas
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of Israelis (300,000), ethnically defined as "others", are Russian descendants of Jewish origin or family who are not Jewish according to rabbinical law, but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World). Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis. Jews who left or fled Arab and Muslim countries and their descendants, including both Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, form most of the rest of the Jewish population. Jewish intermarriage rates run at over 35% and recent studies suggest that the percentage of Israelis descended from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews increases by 0.5 percent every year, with over 25% of school children now originating from both communities.

Q1: What's the homeland for Jewish people?
A1: Israel
Q2: Approximately how many Israeli Jews are born in Israel?
A2: 75%
Q3: What percent are Jewish intermarriage rates at?
A3: 35%
Title: Supreme_court
Topic: Language and literature

Israel's Supreme Court is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. It is the highest judicial instance. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem. The area of its jurisdiction is the entire State. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme Court itself. The Israeli supreme court is both an appellate court and the high court of justice. As an appellate court, the Supreme Court considers cases on appeal (both criminal and civil) on judgments and other decisions of the District Courts. It also considers appeals on judicial and quasi-judicial decisions of various kinds, such as matters relating to the legality of Knesset elections and disciplinary rulings of the Bar Association. As the High Court of Justice (Hebrew: Beit Mishpat Gavoha Le'Zedek בית משפט גבוה לצדק; also known by its initials as Bagatz בג"ץ), the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, primarily in matters regarding the legality of decisions of State authorities: Government decisions, those of local authorities and other bodies and persons performing public functions under the law, and direct challenges to the constitutionality of laws enacted by the Knesset. The court has broad discretionary authority to rule on matters in which it considers it necessary to grant relief in the interests of justice, and which are not within the jurisdiction of another court or tribunal. The High Court of Justice grants relief through orders such as injunction, mandamus and Habeas Corpus, as well as through declaratory judgments. The Supreme Court can also sit at a further hearing on its own judgment. In a matter on which the Supreme Court has ruled - whether as a court of appeals or as the High Court of Justice - with a panel of three or more justices, it may rule at a further hearing with a panel of a larger number of justices. A further hearing may be held if the Supreme Court makes a ruling inconsistent with a previous ruling or if the Court deems that the importance, difficulty or novelty of a ruling of the Court justifies such hearing. The Supreme Court also holds the unique power of being able to order "trial de novo" (a retrial).

Q1: Where is Israel's Supreme Court located?
A1: Jerusalem
Q2: Israel's Supreme Court fulfills what two major functions?
A2: both an appellate court and the high court of justice
Q3: Israel's legislative body is called what?
A3: the Knesset
Q4: Israel's Supreme court has uses what internal method to review its own decisions?
A4: a panel of three or more justices
Q5: A retrial is also called what?
A5: "trial de novo"