LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

Carthage never recovered militarily after the Second Punic War, but quickly economically and the Third Punic War that followed was in reality a simple punitive mission after the neighbouring Numidians allied to Rome robbed/attacked Carthaginian merchants. Treaties had forbidden any war with Roman allies, and defense against robbing/pirates was considered as "war action": Rome decided to annihilate the city of Carthage. Carthage was almost defenceless, and submitted when besieged. However, the Romans demanded complete surrender and moval of the city into the (desert) inland far off any coastal or harbour region, and the Carthaginians refused. The city was besieged, stormed, and completely destroyed. Ultimately, all of Carthage's North African and Iberian territories were acquired by Rome. Note that "Carthage" was not an 'empire', but a league of punic colonies (port cities in the western mediterranean) like the 1st and 2nd Athenian ("attic") leagues, under leadership of Carthage. Punic Carthago was gone, but the other punic cities in the western mediterranean flourished under Roman rule.

Q1: What had prevented Carthage from defending their territory from pirates?
A1: Treaties
Q2: What type of colony was Carthage primarily comprised of?
A2: punic colonies
Q3: What cities flourished after they were conquered by the Romans?
A3: punic cities
Q4: What was the main request of the Romans that Carthage turned down?
A4: complete surrender
Q5: Who did the Numidians form an alliance with?
A5: Rome
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians of Carthage for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Panormos (Πάνορμος) from which the current name is derived, meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 B.C. the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans in the first battle of Panormus (the name Latin name). Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in 251 BC but failed.

Q1: In which War did Greeks and Phoenicians fight over control of Sicily?
A1: Sicilian Wars
Q2: Why did the Sicilian Wars end?
A2: Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War
Q3: Who conquered Panormos and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?
A3: Pyrrhus of Epirus
Q4: Why did the Greeks name Palermo Panormos?
A4: meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast.
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Carthage was a Phoenician colony on the coast of Tunisia. Carthaginian culture came into contact with the Greeks through Punic colonies in Sicily and through their widespread Mediterranean trade network. While the Carthaginians retained their Punic culture and language, they did adopt some Hellenistic ways, one of the most prominent of which was their military practices. In 550 BCE, Mago I of Carthage began a series of military reforms which included copying the army of Timoleon, Tyrant of Syracuse. The core of Carthage's military was the Greek-style phalanx formed by citizen hoplite spearmen who had been conscripted into service, though their armies also included large numbers of mercenaries. After their defeat in the first Punic war, Carthage hired a Spartan mercenary captain, Xanthippus of Carthage to reform their military forces. Xanthippus reformed the Carthaginian military along Macedonian army lines.

Q1: Carthage was on the coast of what country?
A1: Tunisia
Q2: What Hellenistic practices heavily influenced Carthaginian culture?
A2: military
Q3: Who reformed the military in Carthage in 550 BCE?
A3: Mago I of Carthage
Q4: What Greek style was the core of Carthage's military?
A4: phalanx
Q5: What Spartan mercenary helped reform Carthage's military?
A5: Xanthippus of Carthage
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

Cartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed.

Q1: What type of ink is often used in making comics?
A1: India ink
Q2: What method is mostly used in making comics?
A2: Cartooning
Q3: Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics?
A3: digital technology
Q4: Motion lines and what are often used in comics?
A4: abstract symbols
Title: Beer
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Cask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed "real ale" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool to cellar temperature (typically between 11–13 °C or 52–55 °F), before being tapped and vented—a tap is driven through a (usually rubber) bung at the bottom of one end, and a hard spile or other implement is used to open a hole in the side of the cask, which is now uppermost. The act of stillaging and then venting a beer in this manner typically disturbs all the sediment, so it must be left for a suitable period to "drop" (clear) again, as well as to fully condition—this period can take anywhere from several hours to several days. At this point the beer is ready to sell, either being pulled through a beer line with a hand pump, or simply being "gravity-fed" directly into the glass.

Q1: What would you call a beer that has not been filtered or pasteurized?
A1: Cask-conditioned ales
Q2: What would you call a frame that holds the cask of beer horizontally when it arrives at the pub?
A2: stillage
Q3: What temperature are cask ales stored at before being tapped?
A3: 52–55 °F
Q4: How long does it take for sediment to settle and clear after a cask ale has been tapped?
A4: from several hours to several days
Q5: What tool is used to pull beer from a cask to serve?
A5: a hand pump
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards). It also has semi-official status in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyrénées-Orientales.

Q1: What place is Catalan named for?
A1: Catalonia
Q2: What type of language is Catalan?
A2: Romance language
Q3: What is Catalan called in Valencia?
A3: Valencian
Q4: Where is Catalan the only official language?
A4: Andorra
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages). Thus, as it should be expected from closely related languages, Catalan today shares many traits with other Romance languages.

Q1: What is Catalan a variety of?
A1: Occitan language
Q2: What are the degrees of similarity with Occitan and Gallo-Romance languages?
A2: varying degrees
Q3: What are there besides degrees of similarity with Occitan?
A3: differences
Q4: What does Catalan share with other Romance languages?
A4: many traits
Q5: Why does Catalan share many traits with other Romance languages?
A5: closely related
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan dialects are relatively uniform, and are mutually intelligible. They are divided into two blocks, Eastern and Western, differing mostly in pronunciation. The terms "Catalan" and "Valencian" (respectively used in Catalonia and the Valencian Community) are two different varieties of the same language. There are two institutions regulating the two standard varieties, the Institute of Catalan Studies in Catalonia and the Valencian Academy of the Language in Valencia.

Q1: What is the division of Catalan dialects?
A1: Eastern and Western
Q2: What is the basic difference between the dialects?
A2: pronunciation
Q3: What is the differenctiation between Catalan and Valencian?
A3: different varieties
Q4: What are Catalan and Valencian assumed to be?
A4: the same language
Q5: What are Catalan and Valencian considered to be in the language?
A5: two standard varieties
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan evolved from Vulgar Latin around the eastern Pyrenees in the 9th century. During the Low Middle Ages it saw a golden age as the literary and dominant language of the Crown of Aragon, and was widely used all over the Mediterranean. The union of Aragon with the other territories of Spain in 1479 marked the start of the decline of the language. In 1659 Spain ceded Northern Catalonia to France, and Catalan was banned in both states in the early 18th century. 19th-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, which culminated in the 1913 orthographic standardization, and the officialization of the language during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–39). However, the Francoist dictatorship (1939–75) banned the language again.

Q1: From what language did Catalan come?
A1: Vulgar Latin
Q2: In what area did Catalan develop?
A2: eastern Pyrenees
Q3: When did Catalan develop in the Eastern Pyrenees?
A3: 9th century
Q4: When was Catalan's Golden Age as a dominant language?
A4: Low Middle Ages
Q5: What year started the decline of Catalan as a main language?
A5: 1479
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan has an inflectional grammar, with two genders (masculine, feminine), and two numbers (singular, plural). Pronouns are also inflected for case, animacy[citation needed] and politeness, and can be combined in very complex ways. Verbs are split in several paradigms and are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, mood, and gender. In terms of pronunciation, Catalan has many words ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters, in contrast with many other Romance languages.

Q1: How many genders does Catalan have?
A1: two
Q2: What numbers does Catalan have?
A2: singular, plural
Q3: What style of grammar does Catalan have?
A3: inflectional
Q4: What is used in Catalan as word endings that is different from other similar Romance languages? 
A4: consonants
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan has few suppletive couplets, like Italian and Spanish, and unlike French. Thus, Catalan has noi/noia ("boy"/"girl") and gall/gallina ("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has garçon/fille and coq/poule.

Q1: What kind of words does Catalan have few of?
A1: suppletive couplets
Q2: What languages have more couplets than Catalan?
A2: French
Q3: What languages are  similar to Catalan in numbers of  couplets?
A3: Italian and Spanish
Q4: What language is not like Catalan in suppletive couplets?
A4: French
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the pair /ɛ e/.

Q1: Where does Catalan get its vowel system?
A1: Vulgar Latin
Q2: How many stressed phenoms are there?
A2: seven
Q3: Where is this a common feature?
A3: Western Romance
Q4: What is the exception to this common characteristic?
A4: Spanish
Q5: What differs in vowel reduction?
A5: Dialects
Q6: What is the vowel system of Catalan?
A6: Vulgar Latin
Q7: How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan?
A7: seven
Q8: Where is this system common?
A8: Western Romance
Q9: What language is the exception?
A9: Spanish
Q10: What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction?
A10: Dialects
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary.

Q1: What is the major difference between the two blocks?
A1: treatment of unstressed a and e
Q2: How are a and e in western dialects?
A2: distinct
Q3: What have a and e done in eastern dialects?
A3: merged
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan pronouns exhibit T–V distinction, like all other Romance languages (and most European languages, but not Modern English). This feature implies the use of a different set of second person pronouns for formality.

Q1: What is this distinction similar to?
A1: all other Romance languages
Q2: What modern language does not have a T-Y distinction?
A2: English
Q3: What does this imply the use an extra group of pronouns for?
A3: formality
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.

Q1: What does Catalan have in common with other Romance languages in the same area?
A1: many traits
Q2: Where is Catalonia located?
A2: Iberian Peninsula
Q3: What other Iberian Romance languages are found in this area?
A3: Spanish and Portuguese
Q4: Besides vocabulary and grammar, what other diffinence is there from other similar area languages?
A4: pronunciation
Q5: What are these similar Latin derived languages called?
A5: Gallo-Romance
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Italian, Sardinian, Occitan, and Spanish). However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Ibero-Romance group (Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of pronunciation, grammar, and especially vocabulary; showing instead its closest affinity with Occitan and to a lesser extent Gallo-Romance (French, Franco-Provençal, Gallo-Italian).

Q1: What does Catalan share with nearby Romance languages?
A1: many traits
Q2: Where is the Catalan language mostly located?
A2: Iberian Peninsula
Q3: In pronunciation what is Catalan different from?
A3: Ibero-Romance group
Q4: What are examples of Ibero-Romance languages?
A4: Spanish and Portuguese
Q5: To what group is Catalan most closely related?
A5: Occitan
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the close reality (including the one of other languages in contact).

Q1: What field studies the placement of Catalan in the world?
A1: Catalan sociolinguistics
Q2: What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan?
A2: Catalan sociolinguistics
Q3: What is this a subdiscipline of?
A3: Catalan philology
Q4: What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality?
A4: analyse the relation
Q5: What outside affects does this study include?
A5: other languages in contact
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. However, this division is mostly theoretical. Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. The verbs of the second conjugation are fewer than 100, and it is not possible to create new ones, except by compounding.

Q1: How are Catalan verbs grouped?
A1: into three conjugations
Q2: Which conjugation has about 3500 verbs?
A2: first conjugation
Q3: How many verbs are in the third conjugation?
A3: 700
Q4: Which conjugation has less than 100 verbs?
A4: second
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

Catalina Highway stretches 25 miles (40 km) and the entire mountain range is one of Tucson's most popular vacation spots for cycling, hiking, rock climbing, camping, birding, and wintertime snowboarding and skiing. Near the top of Mt. Lemmon is the town of Summerhaven. In Summerhaven, visitors will find log houses and cabins, a general store, and various shops, as well as numerous hiking trails. Near Summerhaven is the road to Ski Valley which hosts a ski lift, several runs, a giftshop, and nearby restaurant.

Q1: What area has a ski lift?
A1: Ski Valley
Q2: How many miles is Catalina Highway?
A2: 25
Q3: What town is near the top of Mt. Lemmon?
A3: Summerhaven
Q4: What two winter sports would you do at the mountain range?
A4: snowboarding and skiing
Q5: How long is Catalina Highway?
A5: 25 miles (40 km)
Q6: What activities are popular in the mountains of Tucson?
A6: cycling, hiking, rock climbing, camping, birding, and wintertime snowboarding and skiing
Q7: Where is Summerhaven?
A7: Near the top of Mt. Lemmon
Q8: What is in Ski Valley?
A8: a ski lift, several runs, a giftshop, and nearby restaurant
Q9: What is in Summerhaven?
A9: log houses and cabins, a general store, and various shops, as well as numerous hiking trails
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands.

Q1: What Catholic group was Father Erdland a part of?
A1: the Sacred Heart Jesu Society
Q2: In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands?
A2: 1914
Q3: In what year was Father Linckens' last visit to the Marshalls?
A3: 1911
Q4: When was Father Linckens' book published?
A4: 1912
Q5: In what year did Father Linckens first travel to the Marshalls?
A5: 1904
Title: Zhejiang
Topic: Geography and places

Catholicism arrived 400 years ago in the province and Protestantism 150 years ago. Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of Wenzhou. In 1999 Zhejiang's Protestant population comprised 2.8% of the provincial population, a small percentage but higher than the national average.

Q1: How many years ago did Catholicism arrive in the province?
A1: 400
Q2: How many years ago did Protestantism arrive in the province?
A2: 150
Q3: Where are Protestants especially notable in Zhejiang?
A3: Wenzhou
Q4: What percent of Zhejiang was Protestant in 1999?
A4: 2.8%
Q5: Which religion came to Zhejiang 400 years ago?
A5: Catholicism
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Celtic tribes settled in Switzerland between 1000 to 1500 BC. The Raetians lived in the eastern regions, while the west was occupied by the Helvetii and the Allobrogi settled in the Rhone valley and in Savoy. Among the many substances Celtic tribes mined was salt in areas such as Salzburg in Austria where evidence of the Hallstatt culture was found by a mine manager in the 19th century. By the 6th century BC the La Tène culture was well established in the region, and became known for high quality decorated weapons and jewelry. The Celts were the most widespread of the mountain tribes—they had warriors that were strong, tall and fair skinned skilled with iron weapons, which gave them an advantage in warfare.

Q1: When did Celtic tribes settle in Switzerland? 
A1: between 1000 to 1500 BC
Q2: The Raetians lived in what region?
A2: the eastern regions
Q3: The Helvetii occupied which region?
A3: the west
Q4: What did the Celtic tribes mine?
A4: salt
Q5: Which were the most widespread of the mountain tribes?
A5: The Celts
Title: Himachal_Pradesh
Topic: Social sciences and society

Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una district 521,057 (7.60%), Chamba district 518,844 (7.57%), Hamirpur district 454,293 (6.63%), Kullu district 437,474 (6.38%), Bilaspur district 382,056 (5.57%), Kinnaur district 84,298 (1.23%) and Lahaul Spiti 31,528 (0.46%).

Q1: Where did the state place on population chart?
A1: 21st
Q2: Who was 22nd of chart?
A2: Tripura
Q3: Who was top ranked in population strength?
A3: Kangra district
Q4: Who was last in population strength?
A4: Lahaul Spiti
Title: Houston
Topic: History

Centered on Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road, the Uptown District boomed during the 1970s and early 1980s when a collection of mid-rise office buildings, hotels, and retail developments appeared along Interstate 610 west. Uptown became one of the most prominent instances of an edge city. The tallest building in Uptown is the 64-floor, 901-foot (275 m)-tall, Philip Johnson and John Burgee designed landmark Williams Tower (known as the Transco Tower until 1999). At the time of construction, it was believed to be the world's tallest skyscraper outside of a central business district. The new 20-story Skanska building and BBVA Compass Plaza are the newest office buildings built in Uptown after 30 years. The Uptown District is also home to buildings designed by noted architects I. M. Pei, César Pelli, and Philip Johnson. In the late 1990s and early 2000s decade, there was a mini-boom of mid-rise and high-rise residential tower construction, with several over 30 stories tall. Since 2000 more than 30 high-rise buildings have gone up in Houston; all told, 72 high-rises tower over the city, which adds up to about 8,300 units. In 2002, Uptown had more than 23 million square feet (2,100,000 m²) of office space with 16 million square feet (1,500,000 m²) of Class A office space.

Q1: What area is located at Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road?
A1: Uptown District
Q2: When did the Uptown district expand?
A2: 1970s and early 1980s
Q3: What is the tallest building in Uptown Houston?
A3: Williams Tower
Q4: How many square feet of office space did Houston have in Uptown in 2002?
A4: 23 million
Q5: Until 1999 what was the Williams Tower known as?
A5: Transco Tower
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Central Catalan has abandoned almost completely unstressed possessives (mon, etc.) in favour of constructions of article + stressed forms (el meu, etc.), a feature shared with Italian.

Q1: What has Central Catalan mostly abandoned?
A1: unstressed possessives
Q2: What other language shares this type of construction?
A2: Italian
Q3: What is an example of an article +stressed forms?
A3: el meu
Q4: What is an example of an unstressed possessive?
A4: mon
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona.

Q1: What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan?
A1: Central Catalan
Q2: Where are the most speakers found?
A2: Central Catalan
Q3: In what densely populated area is it spoken?
A3: Barcelona province
Q4: What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken?
A4: eastern half
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article.

Q1: What is the standard pronunciation of Catalan?
A1: Central Catalan
Q2: What is Central Catalan?
A2: standard pronunciation
Q3: What are the descriptions for?
A3: standard pronunciation
Q4: Where do you look for the pronunciation of different dialects?
A4: section pronunciation
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

Central State-owned enterprises have accumulatively donated more than $48.6 million. China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donated 10 million yuan each to the disaster area.

Q1: How much did central state-owned enterprises donate?
A1: more than $48.6 million
Q2: How much did China National Petroleum Corp and Sinopec donate?
A2: 10 million yuan
Q3: How much have Central state enterprises donated?
A3: 48.6 million
Q4: How much did China National Petroleum and Sinopec donate?
A4: 10 million yuan each
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

Central Tucson is bicycle-friendly. To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic and passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood. To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District. To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path. To the south, N. Highland Avenue leads to the Barraza-Aviation Parkway bicycle path.

Q1: Where does E.University Blvd. lead to?
A1: Fourth Avenue Shopping District
Q2: What neighborhood has historic homes?
A2: Sam Hughes neighborhood
Q3: What mode of transport is encouraged in Central Tuscon?
A3: bicycle
Q4: Of the 3.5 miles from N. Mountain Avenue to Rillito River Park, how many are bike-only?
A4: half
Q5: Which Tucson street is devoted to bicycles?
A5: Third Street
Q6: How long does N Mountain Ave have a bike lane?
A6: half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park
Q7: Which park has a multi-use path?
A7: Rillito River Park
Q8: Which bike path does Highland lead to?
A8: Barraza-Aviation Parkway
Q9: Which shopping area is on East University?
A9: Fourth Avenue Shopping District
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power  while if an electric power plant needs to generate less power it will shut down its least efficient generators, thereby increasing efficiency. The electric train can save energy (as compared to diesel) by regenerative braking and by not needing to consume energy by idling as diesel locomotives do when stopped or coasting. However, electric rolling stock may run cooling blowers when stopped or coasting, thus consuming energy.

Q1: Which of two can be more efficiently electricified?
A1: Central station
Q2: How can electric power plant become more power efficient?
A2: it will shut down its least efficient generators
Q3: How can electric train be more energy efficient?
A3: by regenerative braking
Q4: Which type of train continues to use energy while coasting or being stopped?
A4: diesel
Q5: What causes electric trains to waste energy?
A5: cooling blowers
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Central, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /ɛ/. Usually, words with /ɛ/ in Central Catalan correspond to /ə/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almost always have /e/ in Central and Western Catalan as well.[vague] As a result, Central Catalan has a much higher incidence of /e/.

Q1: What form has the same /e/ as Central and Western?
A1: Balearic
Q2: What vowel does Central have a larger occurrence of?
A2: /e/
Q3: What is the result of /e/ being the same in Central,  Western and Belearic?
A3: higher incidence
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Certain bacteria form close spatial associations that are essential for their survival. One such mutualistic association, called interspecies hydrogen transfer, occurs between clusters of anaerobic bacteria that consume organic acids, such as butyric acid or propionic acid, and produce hydrogen, and methanogenic Archaea that consume hydrogen. The bacteria in this association are unable to consume the organic acids as this reaction produces hydrogen that accumulates in their surroundings. Only the intimate association with the hydrogen-consuming Archaea keeps the hydrogen concentration low enough to allow the bacteria to grow.

Q1: What helps bacteria to survive?
A1: close spatial associations
Q2: What kind of bacteria can form interspecies hydrogen transfer?
A2: anaerobic bacteria
Q3: What do anaerobic bacteria consume?
A3: butyric acid or propionic acid
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Certain genera of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporohalobacter, Anaerobacter, and Heliobacterium, can form highly resistant, dormant structures called endospores. In almost all cases, one endospore is formed and this is not a reproductive process, although Anaerobacter can make up to seven endospores in a single cell. Endospores have a central core of cytoplasm containing DNA and ribosomes surrounded by a cortex layer and protected by an impermeable and rigid coat. Dipicolinic acid is a chemical compound that composes 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores. It is implicated as responsible for the heat resistance of the endospore.

Q1: What are highly resistant dormant structures of certain gram-positive bacteria called?
A1: endospores
Q2: Is creating endospore a reproductive process?
A2: is not a reproductive process
Q3: What are ribosomes in endospores are enclosed in?
A3: cortex layer
Q4: What chemical compound comprises 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores?
A4: Dipicolinic acid
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

Certain staples of classical music are often used commercially (either in advertising or in movie soundtracks). In television commercials, several passages have become clichéd, particularly the opening of Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra (made famous in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey) and the opening section "O Fortuna" of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana, often used in the horror genre; other examples include the Dies Irae from the Verdi Requiem, Edvard Grieg's In the Hall of the Mountain King from Peer Gynt, the opening bars of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5, Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries from Die Walküre, Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee, and excerpts of Aaron Copland's Rodeo.

Q1: How are staples of classical music often used?
A1: commercially
Q2: TV commercials using Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra have now become what?
A2: clichéd
Q3: What piece is often used in the horror genre?
A3: "O Fortuna" of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana
Q4: Who wrote Ride of the Valkyries?
A4: Wagner
Q5: Who wrote in the Hall of the Mountain King?
A5: Edvard Grieg
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Certain technological inventions of the period – whether of Arab or Chinese origin, or unique European innovations – were to have great influence on political and social developments, in particular gunpowder, the printing press and the compass. The introduction of gunpowder to the field of battle affected not only military organisation, but helped advance the nation state. Gutenberg's movable type printing press made possible not only the Reformation, but also a dissemination of knowledge that would lead to a gradually more egalitarian society. The compass, along with other innovations such as the cross-staff, the mariner's astrolabe, and advances in shipbuilding, enabled the navigation of the World Oceans, and the early phases of colonialism. Other inventions had a greater impact on everyday life, such as eyeglasses and the weight-driven clock.

Q1: Who invented the movable printing press?
A1: Gutenberg
Q2: What religious movement was spurred by the invention of the printing press?
A2: the Reformation
Q3: Which inventions of the period had a great impact on everyday life?
A3: eyeglasses and the weight-driven clock
Q4: Which invention with military applications helped bring about the nation state?
A4: gunpowder
Q5: Advances in what construction trade helped to increase global navigation?
A5: shipbuilding
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods have widely differing properties, ranging from the hard and dense african blackwood (used for the bodies of clarinets) to the light but resonant European spruce (Picea abies), which is traditionally used for the soundboards of violins. The most valuable tonewoods, such as the ripple sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), used for the backs of violins, combine acoustic properties with decorative color and grain which enhance the appearance of the finished instrument.

Q1: What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from?
A1: african blackwood
Q2: What expensive wood with a prized color is used to make the backs of violins?
A2: ripple sycamore
Q3: What category of wood is often used for musical instruments?
A3: tonewoods
Q4: What's the common name for Picea abies?
A4: European spruce
Q5: Along with resonance, what property of an instrument will be affected by the wood used to make it?
A5: tone
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Cesare Beccaria, a jurist and one of the great Enlightenment writers, became famous for his masterpiece Of Crimes and Punishments (1764), which was later translated into 22 languages. Another prominent intellectual was Francesco Mario Pagano, who wrote important studies such as Saggi Politici (Political Essays, 1783), one of the major works of the Enlightenment in Naples, and Considerazioni sul processo criminale (Considerations on the criminal trial, 1787), which established him as an international authority on criminal law.

Q1: For which masterpiece did Cesare Beccaria become famous?
A1: Crimes and Punishments (1764)
Q2: Into how many languages was Cesare Beccaria's Crimes and Punishments (1764) translated?
A2: 22
Q3: Which work established Francesco Mario Pagano as an international authority on criminal law?
A3: Considerazioni sul processo criminale (Considerations on the criminal trial, 1787)
Q4: In what year did Francesco Mario Pagano publish Saggi Politici?
A4: 1783
Title: Norfolk_Island
Topic: Geography and places

Cetaceans were historically abundant around the island as commercial hunts on the island was operating until 1956. Today, numbers of larger whales have disappeared, but even today many species such humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale, and dolphins can be observed close to shores, and scientific surveys have been conducted regularly. Southern right whales were once regular migrants to the Norfolk hence naming the island as the "Middle ground" by whalers, but had been severely depleted by historical hunts, and further by illegal Soviet and Japan whaling, resulting in none of very few, if remnants still live, right whales in these regions along with Lord Howe Island.

Q1: What used to be abundant in the waters around Norfolk Island?
A1: Cetaceans
Q2: When did commercial sea hunts on Norfolk Island stop operating?
A2: 1956
Q3: What are some species of whales that can be seen around Norfolk Island today?
A3: humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale
Q4: What other species can be seen close to the shores of Norfolk Island?
A4: dolphins
Q5: What type of whales were once common in Norfolk Island, but hardly any remain today?
A5: Southern right whales
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

Chain department stores grew rapidly after 1920, and provided competition for the downtown upscale department stores, as well as local department stores in small cities. J. C. Penney had four stores in 1908, 312 in 1920, and 1452 in 1930. Sears, Roebuck & Company, a giant mail-order house, opened its first eight retail stores in 1925, and operated 338 by 1930, and 595 by 1940. The chains reached a middle-class audience, that was more interested in value than in upscale fashions. Sears was a pioneer in creating department stores that catered to men as well as women, especially with lines of hardware and building materials. It deemphasized the latest fashions in favor of practicality and durability, and allowed customers to select goods without the aid of a clerk. Its stores were oriented to motorists – set apart from existing business districts amid residential areas occupied by their target audience; had ample, free, off-street parking; and communicated a clear corporate identity. In the 1930s, the company designed fully air-conditioned, "windowless" stores whose layout was driven wholly by merchandising concerns.

Q1: How many stores was J. C. Penny operating in 1930?
A1: 1452
Q2: What demographic were most stores focusing on?
A2: middle-class audience
Q3: What store was one of the first to offer shopping choices for both men and women at the same time?
A3: Sears
Q4: How many stores was Sears operating in 1940?
A4: 595
Title: Political_philosophy
Topic: History

Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushanas, Prachetasa Manu, Parasara, and Ambi, and described himself as a descendant of a lineage of political philosophers, with his father Chanaka being his immediate predecessor. Another influential extant Indian treatise on political philosophy is the Sukra Neeti. An example of a code of law in ancient India is the Manusmṛti or Laws of Manu.

Q1: Who was the 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher?
A1: Chanakya
Q2: What provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler?
A2: The Arthashastra
Q3: What is an example of a code of law in ancient India?
A3: the Manusmṛti or Laws of Manu
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties within the elites were important, as were the virtues of loyalty, courage, and honour. These ties led to the prevalence of the feud in aristocratic society, examples of which included those related by Gregory of Tours that took place in Merovingian Gaul. Most feuds seem to have ended quickly with the payment of some sort of compensation. Women took part in aristocratic society mainly in their roles as wives and mothers of men, with the role of mother of a ruler being especially prominent in Merovingian Gaul. In Anglo-Saxon society the lack of many child rulers meant a lesser role for women as queen mothers, but this was compensated for by the increased role played by abbesses of monasteries. Only in Italy does it appear that women were always considered under the protection and control of a male relative.

Q1: What was the focus of aristocratic culture during this period?
A1: great feasts
Q2: Along with gold, what luxury was present on the clothes of the elite?
A2: jewels
Q3: Along with loyalty and honor, what virtue did the elite value?
A3: courage
Q4: In what society did women have status as abbesses?
A4: Anglo-Saxon
Q5: In what country did Gregory of Tours live?
A5: Merovingian Gaul
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Changes also took place within the recruitment and composition of armies. The use of the national or feudal levy was gradually replaced by paid troops of domestic retinues or foreign mercenaries. The practice was associated with Edward III of England and the condottieri of the Italian city-states. All over Europe, Swiss soldiers were in particularly high demand. At the same time, the period also saw the emergence of the first permanent armies. It was in Valois France, under the heavy demands of the Hundred Years' War, that the armed forces gradually assumed a permanent nature.

Q1: Which conflict in France resulted in the establishment of permanent armies?
A1: Hundred Years' War
Q2: The use of paid mercenaries and domestic retinues replaced which method of raising troops?
A2: national or feudal levy
Q3: Which soldiers were in high demand under the mercenary system?
A3: Swiss
Q4: Which English king is associated with the use of mercenaries in the 14th century?
A4: Edward III
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Changes in secondary sex characteristics include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction. In males, these changes involve appearance of pubic, facial, and body hair, deepening of the voice, roughening of the skin around the upper arms and thighs, and increased development of the sweat glands. In females, secondary sex changes involve elevation of the breasts, widening of the hips, development of pubic and underarm hair, widening of the areolae, and elevation of the nipples. The changes in secondary sex characteristics that take place during puberty are often referred to in terms of five Tanner stages, named after the British pediatrician who devised the categorization system.

Q1: What is a secondary sex characteristic change?
A1: every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction
Q2: How many Tanner stages are there?
A2: five
Q3: What was the occupation of the person who devised the Tanner categorization system?
A3: pediatrician
Q4: Elevation of the breasts, development of pubic hair, and elevation of the nippes are examples of what type of changes?
A4: Changes in secondary sex characteristics
Q5: Is deepening of the voice in males a primary or secondary sex characteristic?
A5: secondary
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Changes in worldwide Protestantism over the last century have been significant. Since 1900, Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. That caused Protestantism to be called a primarily non-Western religion. Much of the growth has occurred after World War II, when decolonization of Africa and abolition of various restrictions against Protestants in Latin American countries occurred. According to one source, Protestants constituted respectively 2.5%, 2%, 0.5% of Latin Americans, Africans and Asians. In 2000, percentage of Protestants on mentioned continents was 17%, more than 27% and 5.5%, respectively. According to Mark A. Noll, 79% of Anglicans lived in the United Kingdom in 1910, while most of the remainder was found in the United States and across the British Commonwealth. By 2010, 59% of Anglicans were found in Africa. In 2010, more Protestants lived in India than in the UK or Germany, while Protestants in Brazil accounted for as many people as Protestants in the UK and Germany combined. Almost as many lived in each of Nigeria and China as in all of Europe. China is home to world's largest Protestant minority.[af]

Q1: Where has Protestantism spread quickly since the 1900's?
A1: Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America
Q2: When did much of the spread of Protestantism occur in the 20th century?
A2: after World War II
Q3: What percentage of Anglicans were in the UK in 1910?
A3: 79%
Q4: In 2010, what percentage of Anglicans were said to be in Africa?
A4: 59%
Q5: In 2010, what country had more Protestants than both the UK and Germany together?
A5: Brazil
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Changes this season include only airing one episode a week during the final ten. Coca Cola ended their longtime sponsorship of the show and Ford Motor Company maintained a reduced role. The winner of the season also received a recording contract with Big Machine Records.

Q1: How many episodes did American Idol have each week of the top ten?
A1: one
Q2: What drink company ended their relationship with American Idol in season 14?
A2: Coca Cola
Q3: What car company had a relationship with American Idol in season 14?
A3: Ford Motor Company
Q4: What record label had a contract with the winner of American Idols fourteenth season?
A4: Big Machine Records
Q5: Starting this season, how many episodes of Idol aired every week?
A5: one
Q6: Who ended their sponsorship this season?
A6: Coca Cola
Q7: What other company reduced their sponsorship this season?
A7: Ford Motor Company
Q8: This season, the winner won a recording contract with what company?
A8: Big Machine Records
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists.

Q1: What can cause issues with installed computer systems?
A1: Changes to DST rules
Q2: What year did DST rules change in North America?
A2: 2007
Q3: What did many existing computer systems that relied on time zones need because of the DST rule changes?
A3: upgrades
Q4: In addition to calendaring programs, what kind of programs were most impacted by the changes?
A4: email
Q5: Which professionals bore the brunt of the effort to upgrade systems affected by time changes?
A5: corporate information technologists
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Changing clocks and DST rules has a direct economic cost, entailing extra work to support remote meetings, computer applications and the like. For example, a 2007 North American rule change cost an estimated $500 million to $1 billion, and Utah State University economist William F. Shughart II has estimated the lost opportunity cost at around $1.7 billion USD. Although it has been argued that clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency, and that in 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on US stock exchanges, the estimated numbers depend on the methodology. The results have been disputed, and the original authors have refuted the points raised by disputers.

Q1: What year did a change in DST policy cost North America somewhere between $500 million and $1 billion in extra work?
A1: 2007
Q2: Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes?
A2: William F. Shughart II
Q3: What have some people argued correlates with time shifts from daylight savings?
A3: decreased economic efficiency
Q4: What do some call the effect that they say caused a one-day loss for stock exchanges of approximately $31 billion in the year 2000?
A4: the daylight-saving effect
Q5: What factor determines the numbers people reach for estimates when studying DST?
A5: methodology