LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Glacial abrasion is commonly characterized by glacial striations. Glaciers produce these when they contain large boulders that carve long scratches in the bedrock. By mapping the direction of the striations, researchers can determine the direction of the glacier's movement. Similar to striations are chatter marks, lines of crescent-shape depressions in the rock underlying a glacier. They are formed by abrasion when boulders in the glacier are repeatedly caught and released as they are dragged along the bedrock.

Q1: What cause glacial stiations?
A1: large boulders that carve long scratches in the bedrock
Q2: What can scientists deduct from the direction of the striations?
A2: direction of the glacier's movement
Q3: What are chatter marks?
A3: lines of crescent-shape depressions in the rock underlying a glacier
Q4: How are chatter marks formed?
A4: abrasion when boulders in the glacier are repeatedly caught and released
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) are called ice sheets or continental glaciers. Several kilometers deep, they obscure the underlying topography. Only nunataks protrude from their surfaces. The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland. They contain vast quantities of fresh water, enough that if both melted, global sea levels would rise by over 70 m (230 ft). Portions of an ice sheet or cap that extend into water are called ice shelves; they tend to be thin with limited slopes and reduced velocities. Narrow, fast-moving sections of an ice sheet are called ice streams. In Antarctica, many ice streams drain into large ice shelves. Some drain directly into the sea, often with an ice tongue, like Mertz Glacier.

Q1: At what dimensions are glaciers called ice sheets or continental glaciers?
A1: 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi)
Q2: How many extant ice sheets exist?
A2: two
Q3: How much would global sea levels rise if Greenland and Antartica's glaciers were to melt?
A3: 70 m (230 ft)
Q4: What is the term for ice that protrude's from a glacier's surface?
A4: nunataks
Q5: Narrow, fast-moving pathways on an ice sheet are called what?
A5: ice streams
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Glacial ice is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth. Many glaciers from temperate, alpine and seasonal polar climates store water as ice during the colder seasons and release it later in the form of meltwater as warmer summer temperatures cause the glacier to melt, creating a water source that is especially important for plants, animals and human uses when other sources may be scant. Within high altitude and Antarctic environments, the seasonal temperature difference is often not sufficient to release meltwater.

Q1: Do Earth's lakes or glaciers hold the most freshwater?
A1: glaciers
Q2: What causes glaciers to release meltwater?
A2: warmer summer temperatures
Q3: In which area are summer temperatures not high enough to release meltwater from glaciers?
A3: Antarctic environments
Q4: Under what circumstances would humans require water from a glacier?
A4: when other sources may be scant
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Glacial moraines are formed by the deposition of material from a glacier and are exposed after the glacier has retreated. They usually appear as linear mounds of till, a non-sorted mixture of rock, gravel and boulders within a matrix of a fine powdery material. Terminal or end moraines are formed at the foot or terminal end of a glacier. Lateral moraines are formed on the sides of the glacier. Medial moraines are formed when two different glaciers merge and the lateral moraines of each coalesce to form a moraine in the middle of the combined glacier. Less apparent are ground moraines, also called glacial drift, which often blankets the surface underneath the glacier downslope from the equilibrium line.

Q1: When are glacial moraines visible?
A1: after the glacier has retreated
Q2: How are glacial moraines formed?
A2: deposition of material from a glacier
Q3: Where are lateral moraines found?
A3: sides of the glacier
Q4: How are medial moraines formed?
A4: when two different glaciers merge and the lateral moraines of each coalesce to form a moraine in the middle of the combined glacier
Q5: What are ground moraines also called?
A5: glacial drift
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Glaciers are broken into zones based on surface snowpack and melt conditions. The ablation zone is the region where there is a net loss in glacier mass. The equilibrium line separates the ablation zone and the accumulation zone; it is the altitude where the amount of new snow gained by accumulation is equal to the amount of ice lost through ablation. The upper part of a glacier, where accumulation exceeds ablation, is called the accumulation zone. In general, the accumulation zone accounts for 60–70% of the glacier's surface area, more if the glacier calves icebergs. Ice in the accumulation zone is deep enough to exert a downward force that erodes underlying rock. After a glacier melts, it often leaves behind a bowl- or amphitheater-shaped depression that ranges in size from large basins like the Great Lakes to smaller mountain depressions known as cirques.

Q1: What characteristics determine glacial zones?
A1: surface snowpack and melt conditions
Q2: Which glacial zone area reports a net-loss in glacial mass?
A2: ablation zone
Q3: What is the name of the line seperating the ablation zone from the accumulation zone?
A3: equilibrium line
Q4: How much glacial surface area is typically considered accumulation zone?
A4: 60–70%
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Glaciers are present on every continent and approximately fifty countries, excluding those (Australia, South Africa) that have glaciers only on distant subantarctic island territories. Extensive glaciers are found in Antarctica, Chile, Canada, Alaska, Greenland and Iceland. Mountain glaciers are widespread, especially in the Andes, the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, and the Alps. Mainland Australia currently contains no glaciers, although a small glacier on Mount Kosciuszko was present in the last glacial period. In New Guinea, small, rapidly diminishing, glaciers are located on its highest summit massif of Puncak Jaya. Africa has glaciers on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on Mount Kenya and in the Rwenzori Mountains. Oceanic islands with glaciers occur on Iceland, Svalbard, New Zealand, Jan Mayen and the subantarctic islands of Marion, Heard, Grande Terre (Kerguelen) and Bouvet. During glacial periods of the Quaternary, Taiwan, Hawaii on Mauna Kea and Tenerife also had large alpine glaciers, while the Faroe and Crozet Islands were completely glaciated.

Q1: How many countries contain glaciers?
A1: fifty
Q2: Which continent contains glaciers?
A2: every continent
Q3: Which mountain ranges contain glaciers?
A3: Andes, the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, and the Alps
Q4: Where are glaciers in Africa located?
A4: Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on Mount Kenya and in the Rwenzori Mountains
Q5: Which sub-antarctic islands have glaciers?
A5: Marion, Heard, Grande Terre (Kerguelen) and Bouvet
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Glaciers end in ice caves (the Rhone Glacier), by trailing into a lake or river, or by shedding snowmelt on a meadow. Sometimes a piece of glacier will detach or break resulting in flooding, property damage and loss of life. In the 17th century about 2500 people were killed by an avalanche in a village on the French-Italian border; in the 19th century 120 homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche.

Q1: What causes flooding, property damage, and loss of life?
A1: a piece of glacier will detach or break
Q2: What killed about 2500 people in the 17th century?
A2: an avalanche
Q3: How many homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche in the 19th century? 
A3: 120 homes
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Glaciers form where the accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation. The area in which a glacier forms is called a cirque (corrie or cwm) - a typically armchair-shaped geological feature (such as a depression between mountains enclosed by arêtes) - which collects and compresses through gravity the snow which falls into it. This snow collects and is compacted by the weight of the snow falling above it forming névé. Further crushing of the individual snowflakes and squeezing the air from the snow turns it into 'glacial ice'. This glacial ice will fill the cirque until it 'overflows' through a geological weakness or vacancy, such as the gap between two mountains. When the mass of snow and ice is sufficiently thick, it begins to move due to a combination of surface slope, gravity and pressure. On steeper slopes, this can occur with as little as 15 m (50 ft) of snow-ice.

Q1: Under what circumstances do glaciers form?
A1: where the accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation
Q2: What is a cirque?
A2: The area in which a glacier forms
Q3: What shape is a cirque, generally?
A3: armchair-shaped
Q4: How much ice and snow is minimally necessary to begin to slide on steep glaciers?
A4: 15 m (50 ft)
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the valley while the top of the valley consists of erosion from earlier ice ages. Glacial valleys have characteristically steep walls (reliefs); valleys with lower reliefs and talus slopes are remnants of glacial troughs or previously infilled valleys. Moraines, piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier, accumulate at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.

Q1: What is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages? 
A1: The Inn valley
Q2: What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley
A2: Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age
Q3: The top of the Inn Valley consists of what?
A3: erosion from earlier ice ages
Q4: What are Moraines?
A4: piles of rock picked up during the movement of the glacier
Q5: Where have moraines accumulated?
A5: at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers.
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign.

Q1: What year did Gladstone return to power?
A1: 1892
Q2: How old was Gladstone in 1892?
A2: 82
Q3: What year did Gladstone retire?
A3: 1894
Q4: What position did Victoria appoint Lord Rosebery?
A4: prime minister
Q5: What year did Gadstone return to power?
A5: 1892
Q6: How old was Gladstone when he returned to power?
A6: 82 years old
Q7: What year did Gladstone retire?
A7: 1894
Q8: Who did Victoria appoint to replace Gladstone?
A8: Lord Rosebery
Q9: Who replaced Lord Rosebery the year following his appointment?
A9: Lord Salisbury
Q10: How old was Gladstone after the general election in 1892? 
A10: 82 years old
Q11: What radical MP did Victoria object to being appointed to the cabinet by Gladstone? 
A11: Henry Labouchere
Q12: Who did Victoria appoint to Prime Minister after Gladstone retired in 1894?
A12: Lord Rosebery
Q13: Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government? 
A13: Lord Salisbury
Q14: How long did Lord Salisbury remain as Prime Minister?
A14: for the remainder of Victoria's reign
Q15: Who was returned to power in 1892?
A15: Gladstone
Q16: Who did Victoria appoint as Gladstone's succesor?
A16: Lord Rosebery
Q17: How did Lord Roseberry fare as Prime Minister?
A17: His government was weak
Q18: Who replaced Lord Roseberry as Prime Minister?
A18: Lord Salisbury
Q19: How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister?
A19: the remainder of Victoria's reign
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

Glass has the ability to refract, reflect, and transmit light following geometrical optics, without scattering it. It is used in the manufacture of lenses and windows. Common glass has a refraction index around 1.5. This may be modified by adding low-density materials such as boron, which lowers the index of refraction (see crown glass), or increased (to as much as 1.8) with high-density materials such as (classically) lead oxide (see flint glass and lead glass), or in modern uses, less toxic oxides of zirconium, titanium, or barium. These high-index glasses (inaccurately known as "crystal" when used in glass vessels) cause more chromatic dispersion of light, and are prized for their diamond-like optical properties.

Q1: What can be used to make glass less refractive?
A1: boron
Q2: What is the refraction index of typical glass?
A2: 1.5
Q3: What is a toxic additive that increases refraction?
A3: lead oxide
Q4: What are high-index glasses erroneously called?
A4: crystal
Q5: Why are high-index glasses valued?
A5: for their diamond-like optical properties
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

Glass is in widespread use largely due to the production of glass compositions that are transparent to visible light. In contrast, polycrystalline materials do not generally transmit visible light. The individual crystallites may be transparent, but their facets (grain boundaries) reflect or scatter light resulting in diffuse reflection. Glass does not contain the internal subdivisions associated with grain boundaries in polycrystals and hence does not scatter light in the same manner as a polycrystalline material. The surface of a glass is often smooth since during glass formation the molecules of the supercooled liquid are not forced to dispose in rigid crystal geometries and can follow surface tension, which imposes a microscopically smooth surface. These properties, which give glass its clearness, can be retained even if glass is partially light-absorbing—i.e., colored.

Q1: What does glass lack, allowing it to be transparent?
A1: internal subdivisions
Q2: What force gives glass its surface texture?
A2: surface tension
Q3: What, in contrast to glass, doesn't let light pass through?
A3: polycrystalline materials
Q4: What type of glass absorbs some light?
A4: colored
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

Glass remained a luxury material, and the disasters that overtook Late Bronze Age civilizations seem to have brought glass-making to a halt. Indigenous development of glass technology in South Asia may have begun in 1730 BCE. In ancient China, though, glassmaking seems to have a late start, compared to ceramics and metal work. The term glass developed in the late Roman Empire. It was in the Roman glassmaking center at Trier, now in modern Germany, that the late-Latin term glesum originated, probably from a Germanic word for a transparent, lustrous substance. Glass objects have been recovered across the Roman empire in domestic, industrial and funerary contexts.[citation needed]

Q1: What word does "glass" come from?
A1: glesum
Q2: Where did glasswork begin relatively late?
A2: China
Q3: In what year did glassmaking begin in Asia?
A3: 1730 BCE
Q4: What city was a center of glass production for the Romans?
A4: Trier
Q5: In what current country is Trier located?
A5: Germany
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

Glass was used extensively during the Middle Ages. Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites. Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of objects including vessels, beads, windows and was also used in jewelry. From the 10th-century onwards, glass was employed in stained glass windows of churches and cathedrals, with famous examples at Chartres Cathedral and the Basilica of Saint Denis. By the 14th-century, architects were designing buildings with walls of stained glass such as Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, (1203–1248) and the East end of Gloucester Cathedral. Stained glass had a major revival with Gothic Revival architecture in the 19th-century. With the Renaissance, and a change in architectural style, the use of large stained glass windows became less prevalent. The use of domestic stained glass increased until most substantial houses had glass windows. These were initially small panes leaded together, but with the changes in technology, glass could be manufactured relatively cheaply in increasingly larger sheets. This led to larger window panes, and, in the 20th-century, to much larger windows in ordinary domestic and commercial buildings.

Q1: When did stained glass make a big comeback?
A1: 19th-century
Q2: When did stained glass begin to be used for places of worship?
A2: 10th-century
Q3: When did big windows of stained glass become less common?
A3: the Renaissance
Q4: What 13th-century building is an example of stained glass walls?
A4: Sainte-Chapelle
Q5: What did technological changes allow regular homes to have?
A5: larger windows
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

Glass-ceramic materials share many properties with both non-crystalline glass and crystalline ceramics. They are formed as a glass, and then partially crystallized by heat treatment. For example, the microstructure of whiteware ceramics frequently contains both amorphous and crystalline phases. Crystalline grains are often embedded within a non-crystalline intergranular phase of grain boundaries. When applied to whiteware ceramics, vitreous means the material has an extremely low permeability to liquids, often but not always water, when determined by a specified test regime.

Q1: What word means that ceramics don't absorb liquids?
A1: vitreous
Q2: What hardens glass-ceramics?
A2: heat treatment
Q3: What materials do glass ceramics have a lot in common with?
A3: non-crystalline glass and crystalline ceramics
Title: Biodiversity
Topic: Natural sciences

Global agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, give "sovereign national rights over biological resources" (not property). The agreements commit countries to "conserve biodiversity", "develop resources for sustainability" and "share the benefits" resulting from their use. Biodiverse countries that allow bioprospecting or collection of natural products, expect a share of the benefits rather than allowing the individual or institution that discovers/exploits the resource to capture them privately. Bioprospecting can become a type of biopiracy when such principles are not respected.[citation needed]

Q1: What global agreement gives sovereign national rights over biological resources?
A1: the Convention on Biological Diversity
Q2: What agreement commits countries to conserve biodiversity?
A2: the Convention on Biological Diversity
Q3: What agreement commits countries to develop resources for sustainability?
A3: the Convention on Biological Diversity
Q4: What is the process of collecting natural products?
A4: bioprospecting
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

God's consequent nature, on the other hand, is anything but unchanging – it is God's reception of the world's activity. As Whitehead puts it, "[God] saves the world as it passes into the immediacy of his own life. It is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved." In other words, God saves and cherishes all experiences forever, and those experiences go on to change the way God interacts with the world. In this way, God is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe, lending the actions of finite creatures an eternal significance.

Q1: How does Whitehead define he consequent nature of God?
A1: God's reception of the world's activity
Q2: How does Whitehead describe the judgment of God?
A2: It is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved.
Q3: What does Whitehead say that God does with all experiences?
A3: God saves and cherishes all experiences forever
Q4: What effect does Whitehead claim that experiences have on God?
A4: those experiences go on to change the way God interacts with the world
Q5: What conclusion does Whitehead draw about God's treatment of humans' experiences?
A5: God is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe, lending the actions of finite creatures an eternal significance.
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

Goetz set out an ambitious schedule. Universal-International became responsible for the American distribution of Rank's British productions, including such classics as David Lean's Great Expectations (1946) and Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948). Broadening its scope further, Universal-International branched out into the lucrative non-theatrical field, buying a majority stake in home-movie dealer Castle Films in 1947, and taking the company over entirely in 1951. For three decades, Castle would offer "highlights" reels from the Universal film library to home-movie enthusiasts and collectors. Goetz licensed Universal's pre–Universal-International film library to Jack Broeder's Realart Pictures for cinema re-release but Realart was not allowed to show the films on television.

Q1: In what year was the Olivier version of Hamlet made?
A1: 1948
Q2: Who directed 1946's Great Expectations?
A2: David Lean
Q3: In 1947, what company did Universal buy a stake in?
A3: Castle Films
Q4: Who ran Realart Pictures?
A4: Jack Broeder
Q5: In what year did Universal-International take over Castle Films?
A5: 1951
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Gombeenism refers to an individual who is dishonest and corrupt for the purpose of personal gain, more often through monetary, while, parochialism which is also known as parish pump politics relates to placing local or vanity projects ahead of the national interest.For instance in Irish politics, populist left wing political parties will often apply these terms to mainstream establisment political parties and will cite the many cases of Corruption in Ireland, such as the Irish Banking crisis, which found evidence of bribery, cronyism and collusion, where in some cases politicians who were coming to the end of their political careers would receive a senior management or committee position in a company they had dealings with.

Q1: What is it called when a person is dishonest or corrupt for his own gain?
A1: Gombeenism
Q2: Parish pump politics is also called what?
A2: parochialism
Q3: Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion?
A3: Irish Banking crisis
Q4: Politicians who were at the end of their political careers were offered what kind of position with companies they were involved with politically?
A4: senior management or committee position
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted. Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast. The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud, in contrast to previous elections.

Q1: Who won the 2011 election?
A1: Goodluck Jonathan
Q2: How many votes did Goodluck get in 2011?
A2: 22,495,187
Q3: What was the main opposition political party in 2011?
A3: Congress for Progressive Change
Q4: Who was the CPC's 2011 candidate?
A4: Muhammadu Buhari
Q5: How many votes did Buhari get?
A5: 12,214,853
Title: Marvel_Comics
Topic: Geography and places

Goodman's business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these shell companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55 (May 1944). As well, some comics' covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12 (Winter 1946–47), were labeled "A Marvel Magazine" many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961.

Q1: Marvel Comics was part of many entities having what relationship with Timely?
A1: shell companies
Q2: When were all of Goodman's comic entities officially put under the moniker of Marvel Comics?
A2: 1961
Q3: By what other name were some Marvel-related comic books published?
A3: "A Marvel Magazine"
Q4: Under what handle were Marvel's detective fiction comics published?
A4: Marvel Mystery Comics
Title: Marvel_Comics
Topic: Geography and places

Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half. In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed] But by the end of the decade, Marvel's fortunes were reviving, thanks to the rise of direct market distribution—selling through those same comics-specialty stores instead of newsstands.

Q1: What new venture did Marvel's founder begin after leaving the company in the 1970s?
A1: Seaboard Periodicals
Q2: What former Marvel title imprint did Goodman attempt to revive?
A2: Atlas Comics
Q3: What new retail outlet came on board at the end of the 1970s to rival newsstands for comic sales?
A3: comic book stores
Q4: How long was the 1970s revival of Atlas Comics in business?
A4: a year and a half
Q5: During what era did newsstand distribution begin to tail off markedly for Marvel?
A5: the mid-1970s
Title: YouTube
Topic: Engineering and technology

Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 revenue at $200 million, noting progress in advertising sales. In January 2012, it was estimated that visitors to YouTube spent an average of 15 minutes a day on the site, in contrast to the four or five hours a day spent by a typical U.S. citizen watching television. In 2012, YouTube's revenue from its ads program was estimated at 3.7 billion. In 2013 it nearly doubled and estimated to hit 5.6 billion dollars according to eMarketer, others estimated 4.7 billion,

Q1: How much time does the average person spend watching youtube videos each day?
A1: 15 minutes
Q2: What is the average time an American watches TV in day?
A2: four or five hours
Q3: What was youtube's estimated ads revenue in 2013?
A3: 3.7 billion
Q4: What was youtube's revenue as estimated in 2008?
A4: $200 million
Q5: Youtube's financial records are not reported by who?
A5: Google
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

Gorbachev again refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. Instead he sacked both Republics' Communist Party Leaders: On May 21, 1988, Karen Demirchian was replaced by Suren Harutyunyan as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia. However, Harutyunyan quickly decided to run before the nationalist wind and on May 28, allowed Armenians to unfurl the red-blue-gold First Armenian Republic flag for the first time in almost 70 years. On June 15, 1988, the Armenian Supreme Soviet adopted a resolution formally approving the idea of Nagorno Karabakh joining Armenia. Armenia, formerly one of the most loyal Republics, had suddenly turned into the leading rebel republic. On July 5, 1988, when a contingent of troops was sent in to remove demonstrators by force from Yerevan's Zvartnots International Airport, shots were fired and one student protester was killed. In September, further large demonstrations in Yerevan led to the deployment of armored vehicles. In the autumn of 1988 almost all the 200,000 Azerbaijani minority in Armenia was expelled by Armenian Nationalists, with over 100 killed in the process – this, after the Sumgait pogrom earlier that year carried out by Azerbaijanis against ethnic Armenians and subsequent expulsion of all Armenians from Azerbaijan. On November 25, 1988, a military commandant took control of Yerevan as the Soviet government moved to prevent further ethnic violence.

Q1: How many protesters died in the airport violence?
A1: one
Q2: Who banned the Azerbaijani people from Armenia?
A2: Nationalists
Q3: Who had been previously removed from Azerbaijan?
A3: Armenians
Q4: Who took charge of Yerevan in November of 1988?
A4: a military commandant
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

Gorbachev also radically expanded the scope of Glasnost, stating that no subject was off-limits for open discussion in the media. Even so, the cautious Soviet intelligentsia took almost a year to begin pushing the boundaries to see if he meant what he said. For the first time, the Communist Party leader had appealed over the heads of Central Committee members for the people's support in exchange for expansion of liberties. The tactic proved successful: Within two years political reform could no longer be sidetracked by Party "conservatives." An unintended consequence was that having saved reform, Gorbachev's move ultimately killed the very system it was designed to save.

Q1: Whose support did Gorbachev seek in order to increase liberties?
A1: the people's
Q2: What party was Gorbachev in charge of?
A2: Communist
Q3: What group wanted to stop reforms?
A3: "conservatives."
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

Gorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party. From July 23 to September 1988, a group of Azerbaijani intellectuals began working for a new organization called the Popular Front of Azerbaijan, loosely based on the Estonian Popular Front. On September 17, when gun battles broke out between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis near Stepanakert, two soldiers were killed and more than two dozen injured. This led to almost tit-for-tat ethnic polarization in Nagorno-Karabakh's two main towns: The Azerbaijani minority was expelled from Stepanakert, and the Armenian minority was expelled from Shusha. On November 17, 1988, in response to the exodus of tens of thousands of Azerbaijanis from Armenia, a series of mass demonstrations began in Baku's Lenin Square, lasting 18 days and attracting half a million demonstrators. On December 5, 1988, the Soviet militia finally moved in, cleared the square by force, and imposed a curfew that lasted ten months.

Q1: Who did Gorbachev make First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party in 1988?
A1: Abdulrahman Vezirov
Q2: Who was First Secretary prior to Vezirov?
A2: Kamran Baghirov
Q3: How many soldiers died on September 17?
A3: two
Q4: People of what ethnicity were thrown out of Shusha?
A4: Armenian
Q5: How long did the Lenin Square protest last?
A5: 18 days
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Gorbachev's inability to alleviate any of Armenia's problems created disillusionment among the Armenians and fed a growing hunger for independence. In May 1990, the New Armenian Army (NAA) was established, serving as a defence force separate from the Soviet Red Army. Clashes soon broke out between the NAA and Soviet Internal Security Forces (MVD) troops based in Yerevan when Armenians decided to commemorate the establishment of the 1918 First Republic of Armenia. The violence resulted in the deaths of five Armenians killed in a shootout with the MVD at the railway station. Witnesses there claimed that the MVD used excessive force and that they had instigated the fighting.

Q1: What does NAA stand for?
A1: New Armenian Army
Q2: When was the NAA formed?
A2: May 1990
Q3: Who started the fight between the MVD and the NAA in 1918?
A3: the MVD
Q4: How many people died as a result of the MVD and NAA clash in 1918?
A4: five Armenians
Title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia
Topic: History

Gorton maintained good relations with the United States and Britain, but pursued closer ties with Asia. The Gorton government experienced a decline in voter support at the 1969 election. State Liberal leaders saw his policies as too Centralist, while other Liberals didn't like his personal behaviour. In 1971, Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser, resigned and said Gorton was "not fit to hold the great office of Prime Minister". In a vote on the leadership the Liberal Party split 50/50, and although this was insufficient to remove him as the leader, Gorton decided this was also insufficient support for him, and he resigned.

Q1: Which continent did Gorton wish to pursue closer ties with?
A1: Asia
Q2: Who commented that Gorton was not fit to be Prime Minister?
A2: Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser
Q3: Was Gorton impeached, voted out, or did he resign?
A3: he resigned
Q4: Which countries did Gorton maintain close relationships with?
A4: United States and Britain
Title: Gothic_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum ("French work") with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms.

Q1: What is one time period in which Gothic architecture flourished?
A1: late medieval period
Q2: What style of architecture did Gothic architecture evolve from?
A2: Romanesque architecture
Q3: What style of architecture came after the Gothic style?
A3: Renaissance architecture
Q4: Where did the Gothic architecture style originate?
A4: France
Q5: Gothic architecture is known for being commonly used in cathedrals and churches, what is one example of a lesser known type of structure in which Gothic architecture has been used?
A5: private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

Government phonology, which originated in the early 1980s as an attempt to unify theoretical notions of syntactic and phonological structures, is based on the notion that all languages necessarily follow a small set of principles and vary according to their selection of certain binary parameters. That is, all languages' phonological structures are essentially the same, but there is restricted variation that accounts for differences in surface realizations. Principles are held to be inviolable, though parameters may sometimes come into conflict. Prominent figures in this field include Jonathan Kaye, Jean Lowenstamm, Jean-Roger Vergnaud, Monik Charette, and John Harris.

Q1: When was Government phonology first seen?
A1: the early 1980s
Q2: Jonathan Kaye is an important person in what form of phonology?
A2: Government
Q3: What is responsible for differences in surface realizations according to Government phonology?
A3: restricted variation
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

Government revenues largely come from sales of fishing licenses, income from the Tuvalu Trust Fund, and from the lease of its highly fortuitous .tv Internet Top Level Domain (TLD). In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from the use of its area code for premium-rate telephone numbers and from the commercialisation of its ".tv" Internet domain name, which is now managed by Verisign until 2021. The ".tv" domain name generates around $2.2 million each year from royalties, which is about ten per cent of the government's total revenue. Domain name income paid most of the cost of paving the streets of Funafuti and installing street lighting in mid-2002. Tuvalu also generates income from stamps by the Tuvalu Philatelic Bureau and income from the Tuvalu Ship Registry.

Q1: How much money does Tuvalu's tv domain name earn each year?
A1: $2.2 million
Q2: What si Tuvalu's tv domain?
A2: Top Level Domain
Q3: What company is managing Tuvalu's tv domain?
A3: Verisign
Q4: How much of the total government revenue comes from the domain name?
A4: ten per cent
Q5: What  income source does Tuvalu earn from shipping?
A5: Tuvalu Ship Registry
Title: Himachal_Pradesh
Topic: Social sciences and society

Governments have seen alternates between Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Indian National Congress (INC), no third front ever has become significant. In 2003, the state legislative assembly was won by the Indian National Congress and Virbhadra Singh was elected as the chief minister of the state. In the assembly elections held in December 2007, the BJP secured a landslide victory. The BJP won 41 of the 68 seats while the Congress won only 23 of the 68 seats. BJP's Prem Kumar Dhumal was sworn in as Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh on 30 December 2007.

Q1: Who was elected as chief minister of the state of India?
A1: Virbhadra Singh
Q2: How many seats did the BJP win?
A2: 41 of the 68 seats
Q3: Who is BJP's Chief MInister of Himachal Pradesh?
A3: Prem Kumar Dhumal
Q4: When was he sworn in?
A4: 30 December 2007
Q5: When did the BJP secure a landslide victory?
A5: December 2007
Title: Armenians
Topic: Geography and places

Governments of Republic of Turkey since that time have consistently rejected charges of genocide, typically arguing either that those Armenians who died were simply in the way of a war or that killings of Armenians were justified by their individual or collective support for the enemies of the Ottoman Empire. Passage of legislation in various foreign countries condemning the persecution of the Armenians as genocide has often provoked diplomatic conflict. (See Recognition of the Armenian Genocide)

Q1: Who says they didn't kill Armenians as genocide, just because they were 'in the way of the war'?
A1: Governments of Republic of Turkey
Q2: What has happened when other countries condemned Armenian genocide?
A2: diplomatic conflict
Q3: Who ruled Turkey when the Armenian genocide happened?
A3: the Ottoman Empire
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Governments with strong tendencies towards kleptocracy can undermine food security even when harvests are good. Officials often steal state property. In Bihar, India, more than 80% of the subsidized food aid to poor is stolen by corrupt officials. Similarly, food aid is often robbed at gunpoint by governments, criminals, and warlords alike, and sold for a profit. The 20th century is full of many examples of governments undermining the food security of their own nations – sometimes intentionally.

Q1: Even if a harvest is good, food security can be crippled when a government has tendencies toward what?
A1: kleptocracy
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

Gradually, the predetermined nature of professional wrestling became an open secret, as prominent figures in the wrestling business (including WWE owner Vince McMahon) began to publicly admit that wrestling was entertainment, not competition. This public reveal has garnered mixed reactions from the wrestling community, as some feel that exposure ruins the experience to the spectators as does exposure in illusionism. Despite the public admission of the theatrical nature of professional wrestling, many U.S. states still regulate professional wrestling as they do other professional competitive sports. For example, New York State still regulates "professional wrestling" through the New York State Athletic Commission (SAC).

Q1: Who confessed that wrestling was not competition?
A1: prominent figures in the wrestling business (including WWE owner Vince McMahon)
Q2: How have people reacted to the revelation that wrestling is purely entertainment?
A2: This public reveal has garnered mixed reactions from the wrestling community
Q3: How do many U.S. states handle wrestling?
A3: many U.S. states still regulate professional wrestling as they do other professional competitive sports
Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis
Topic: Geography and places

Graduate schools include the School of Medicine, currently ranked sixth in the nation, and the George Warren Brown School of Social Work, currently ranked first. The program in occupational therapy at Washington University currently occupies the first spot for the 2016 U.S. News & World Report rankings, and the program in physical therapy is ranked first as well. For the 2015 edition, the School of Law is ranked 18th and the Olin Business School is ranked 19th. Additionally, the Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design was ranked ninth in the nation by the journal DesignIntelligence in its 2013 edition of "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools."

Q1: What is the current national rank of the School of Medicine at Washington University?
A1: sixth in the nation
Q2: What is the current national rank of Brown School of Social Work?
A2: currently ranked first
Q3: What program at Washington University ranks first in the 2016 in the U.S. News & World Reports rankings?
A3: The program in occupational therapy
Q4: Where did the School of Law rank in  2015 by the U.S. News & World Reports?
A4: 18th
Q5: What year did the Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design rank ninth by Designintellence?
A5: 2013
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Graduation rates among district-run schools, meanwhile, have steadily increased in the last ten years. In 2005, Philadelphia had a district graduation rate of 52%. This number has increased to 65% in 2014, still below the national and state averages. Scores on the state's standardized test, the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) have trended upward from 2005 to 2011 but have decreased since. In 2005, the district-run schools scored an average of 37.4% on math and 35.5% on reading. The city's schools reached its peak scores in 2011 with 59.0% on math and 52.3% on reading. In 2014, the scores dropped significantly to 45.2% on math and 42.0% on reading.

Q1: Have grad rates fallen or increased in the last years?
A1: increased
Q2: What was the grad rate in 2005?
A2: 52%
Q3: What was it in 2014?
A3: 65%
Q4: Is that the above or below the national average?
A4: below the national and state averages
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for healthy growth in rabbits has been reported to be at least 3 ppm in the diet. However, higher concentrations of copper (100 ppm, 200 ppm, or 500 ppm) in the diet of rabbits may favorably influence feed conversion efficiency, growth rates, and carcass dressing percentages.

Q1: What are copper salts sometimes used for?
A1: suicide attempts
Q2: When ingested in large amounts what does copper salts produce in humans?
A2: copper toxicity
Q3: What is the minimum amount of copper rabbits should have in their diet?
A3: 3 ppm
Q4: What is a major benefit to rabbits having a higher concentration of copper in their diet?
A4: growth rates
Q5: What amount of copper salt is toxic in animals?
A5: 30 mg/kg
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysaccharides, also called endotoxins, are composed of polysaccharides and lipid A that is responsible for much of the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria. Most bacteria have the gram-negative cell wall, and only the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria have the alternative gram-positive arrangement. These two groups were previously known as the low G+C and high G+C Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. These differences in structure can produce differences in antibiotic susceptibility; for instance, vancomycin can kill only gram-positive bacteria and is ineffective against gram-negative pathogens, such as Haemophilus influenzae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. If the bacterial cell wall is entirely removed, it is called a protoplast, whereas if it is partially removed, it is called a spheroplast. β-Lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall. The enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears, also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body's main defense against eye infections.

Q1: What does gram-positive bacteria have?
A1: thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids
Q2: What can be endotoxins called?
A2: Lipopolysaccharides
Q3: Why gram-negative cell bacteria is more toxic than gram-positive bacteria?
A3: polysaccharides and lipid A
Q4: What can different structure of the cell walls of bacteria effect?
A4: differences in antibiotic susceptibility
Q5: What is the main defense of human body against eye infections?
A5: enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy
Topic: Geography and places

Grande Saline Bay provides temporary anchorage for small vessels while Colombier Bay, to the northwest, has a 4 fathoms patch near mid entrance. In the bight of St. Jean Bay there is a narrow cut through the reef. The north and east sides of the island are fringed, to a short distance from the shore, by a visible coral reef. Reefs are mostly in shallow waters and are clearly visible. The coastal areas abound with beaches and many of these have offshore reefs, some of which are part of a marine reserve.

Q1: What is the name of the deepest bay at St Barts?
A1: Colombier Bay
Q2: Grande Saline Bay provides docking for what kind of boats?
A2: small
Q3: The North and East sides of St. Barts are fringed by what?
A3: visible coral reef
Q4: Reefs are almost always in what type of water?
A4: shallow
Q5: Some of the offshore reefs of St. Barts are part of what?
A5: a marine reserve
Title: Grape
Topic: Natural sciences

Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In the wine industry, grape juice that contains 7–23% of pulp, skins, stems and seeds is often referred to as "must". In North America, the most common grape juice is purple and made from Concord grapes, while white grape juice is commonly made from Niagara grapes, both of which are varieties of native American grapes, a different species from European wine grapes. In California, Sultana (known there as Thompson Seedless) grapes are sometimes diverted from the raisin or table market to produce white juice.

Q1: What juice is made when grapes are crushed and blended?
A1: Grape juice
Q2: What kind of grapes are made into vinegar?
A2: fermented
Q3: What is the most common grape used to make juice in North America?
A3: Concord grapes
Q4: What are Sultana grapes known as in California?
A4: Thompson Seedless
Q5: What types of grapes are commonly used to make white grape juice?
A5: Niagara grapes