LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor. Various other components of armor protected the samurai's body. The helmet kabuto was an important part of the samurai's armor. Samurai armor changed and developed as the methods of samurai warfare changed over the centuries. The known last use of samurai armor occurring in 1877 during the satsuma rebellion. As the last samurai rebellion was crushed, Japan modernized its defenses and turned to a national conscription army that used uniforms.

Q1: Why were there armor changes in the 1500s?
A1: the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection
Q2: What type of armor was replaced?
A2: kozane dou
Q3: What new type of armor replaced the old?
A3: plate armor
Q4: What was the new armor called?
A4: Tosei-gusoku
Q5: When was samurai armor last used?
A5: 1877
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

In the 1500s, Paracelsus was probably the first to criticize Galen publicly. Also in the 16th century, scientist and artist Leonardo da Vinci compared metabolism to a burning candle. Leonardo did not publish his works on this subject, but he was not afraid of thinking for himself and he definitely disagreed with Galen. Ultimately, 16th century works of Andreas Vesalius, sometimes called the father of modern medicine, overturned Galen's ideas. He was followed by piercing thought amalgamated with the era's mysticism and religion sometimes fueled by the mechanics of Newton and Galileo. Jan Baptist van Helmont, who discovered several gases such as carbon dioxide, performed the first quantitative experiment. Robert Boyle advanced chemistry. Sanctorius measured body weight. Physician Herman Boerhaave modeled the digestive process. Physiologist Albrecht von Haller worked out the difference between nerves and muscles.

Q1: Who criticized Galen in the 1500s?
A1: Paracelsus
Q2: What was a burning candle comparable to?
A2: metabolism
Q3: Which famous artist did not agree with Galen's theories?
A3: Leonardo da Vinci
Q4: Which well known gas did Jan Baptist van Helmont discover?
A4: carbon dioxide
Q5: Which scientist was able to create a model for the digestive process?
A5: Herman Boerhaave
Title: Strasbourg
Topic: Geography and places

In the 1520s during the Protestant Reformation, the city, under the political guidance of Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck and the spiritual guidance of Martin Bucer embraced the religious teachings of Martin Luther. Their adherents established a Gymnasium, headed by Johannes Sturm, made into a University in the following century. The city first followed the Tetrapolitan Confession, and then the Augsburg Confession. Protestant iconoclasm caused much destruction to churches and cloisters, notwithstanding that Luther himself opposed such a practice. Strasbourg was a centre of humanist scholarship and early book-printing in the Holy Roman Empire, and its intellectual and political influence contributed much to the establishment of Protestantism as an accepted denomination in the southwest of Germany. (John Calvin spent several years as a political refugee in the city). The Strasbourg Councillor Sturm and guildmaster Matthias represented the city at the Imperial Diet of Speyer (1529), where their protest led to the schism of the Catholic Church and the evolution of Protestantism. Together with four other free cities, Strasbourg presented the confessio tetrapolitana as its Protestant book of faith at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530, where the slightly different Augsburg Confession was also handed over to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Q1: Who was the political guide during the Protestant Reformation? 
A1: Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck
Q2: Who was the spiritual guide during the Protestant Reformation?
A2: Martin Bucer
Q3: Who spent several years as a political refugee in the city?
A3: John Calvin
Q4: How many other cities joined Strasbourg at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530?
A4: four
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

In the 15th century the dome was added and the naves extended back of the choir, uniting the building to the tower and forming a main entrance. Archbishop Luis Alfonso de los Cameros began the building of the main chapel in 1674; the walls were decorated with marbles and bronzes in the Baroque style of that period. At the beginning of the 18th century the German Conrad Rudolphus built the façade of the main entrance. The other two doors lead into the transept; one, that of the Apostles in pure pointed Gothic, dates from the 14th century, the other is that of the Paláu. The additions made to the back of the cathedral detract from its height. The 18th-century restoration rounded the pointed arches, covered the Gothic columns with Corinthian pillars, and redecorated the walls. The dome has no lantern, its plain ceiling being pierced by two large side windows. There are four chapels on either side, besides that at the end and those that open into the choir, the transept, and the sanctuary. It contains many paintings by eminent artists. A silver reredos, which was behind the altar, was carried away in the war of 1808, and converted into coin to meet the expenses of the campaign. There are two paintings by Francisco Goya in the San Francesco chapel. Behind the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament is a small Renaissance chapel built by Calixtus III. Beside the cathedral is the chapel dedicated to the Our Lady of the Forsaken (Virgen de los desamparados or Mare de Déu dels Desamparats).

Q1: When was the dome built?
A1: 15th century
Q2: Who started the construction of the main chapel?
A2: Archbishop Luis Alfonso de los Cameros
Q3: When was the main entrance constructed?
A3: beginning of the 18th century
Q4: In what style is the door of the Apostles?
A4: Gothic
Q5: Who painted the pictures that are in the San Francesco chapel?
A5: Francisco Goya
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

In the 16th century political and religious changes altered the attitude of historians towards John. Tudor historians were generally favourably inclined towards the king, focusing on John's opposition to the Papacy and his promotion of the special rights and prerogatives of a king. Revisionist histories written by John Foxe, William Tyndale and Robert Barnes portrayed John as an early Protestant hero, and John Foxe included the king in his Book of Martyrs. John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine in 1632 praised John's "great renown" as a king; he blamed the bias of medieval chroniclers for the king's poor reputation.

Q1: When did political and religious changes alter the attitude of historians towards John?
A1: 16th century
Q2: Which historians were favourably inclined towards the king?
A2: Tudor historians
Q3: What praised John's "great renown" as a king?
A3: John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine
Title: Sahara
Topic: Geography and places

In the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire, ownership of which provided the Ottomans with control over the Nile Valley, the east Mediterranean and North Africa. The benefit of the Ottoman Empire was the freedom of movement for citizens and goods. Trade exploited the Ottoman land routes to handle the spices, gold and silk from the East, manufactures from Europe, and the slave and gold traffic from Africa. Arabic continued as the local language and Islamic culture was much reinforced. The Sahel and southern Sahara regions were home to several independent states or to roaming Tuareg clans.

Q1: During the 1500 who was a valued part of the Ottoman   Empire?
A1: Egypt
Q2: What did the Ottoman Empire provide to its people?
A2: freedom of movement for citizens and goods
Q3: What was the local language during this time in Egypt?
A3: Arabic
Title: United_States_dollar
Topic: History

In the 16th century, Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia began minting coins known as Joachimstalers (from German thal, or nowadays usually Tal, "valley", cognate with "dale" in English), named for Joachimstal, the valley where the silver was mined (St. Joachim's Valley, now Jáchymov; then part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic). Joachimstaler was later shortened to the German Taler, a word that eventually found its way into Danish and Swedish as daler, Norwegian as dalar and daler, Dutch as daler or daalder, Ethiopian as ታላሪ (talari), Hungarian as tallér, Italian as tallero, and English as dollar. Alternatively, thaler is said to come from the German coin Guldengroschen ("great guilder", being of silver but equal in value to a gold guilder), minted from the silver from Joachimsthal.

Q1: Who began minting the coins known as Joachimstalers?
A1: Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia
Q2: What is the modern name for St. Joachim's Valley?
A2: Jáchymov
Q3: What were the Joachimstalers composed of?
A3: silver
Q4: How did the word "taler" translate into Italian?
A4: tallero
Q5: Other than "taler", what is the other name of the German coin?
A5: Guldengroschen
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire divided Armenia. From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequently fought over between the two rivalling empires. From the mid 16th century with the Peace of Amasya, and decisively from the first half of the 17th century with the Treaty of Zuhab until the first half of the 19th century, Eastern Armenia was ruled by the successive Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires, while Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule.

Q1: Which empires seperated Armenia?
A1: Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire
Q2: Who controlled Western Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?
A2: Ottoman
Q3: Who controlled Eastern Armenia between the 16 and 19th Century?
A3: Iranian Safavid, Afsharid and Qajar empires
Q4: How long did the Turco-Iranian rivalry last?
A4: century
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

In the 1770s Pierre Jaquet-Droz, a Swiss watchmaker, built a mechanical doll (automata) that could write holding a quill pen. By switching the number and order of its internal wheels different letters, and hence different messages, could be produced. In effect, it could be mechanically "programmed" to read instructions. Along with two other complex machines, the doll is at the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and still operates.

Q1: What was the profession of Pierre Jaquet-Droz?
A1: a Swiss watchmaker
Q2: When did Pierre Jaquet-Droz build a mechanical doll that could hold a pen?
A2: In the 1770s
Q3: Where is the doll Pierre Jaquet-Droz built today?
A3: Musée d'Art et d'Histoire
Q4: Where is the Musee d-Art et d'Histoire located?
A4: Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Title: East_Prussia
Topic: History

In the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the "Polish Corridor" between his Prussian and Farther Pomeranian lands and cutting remaining Poland off the Baltic Coast. The territory of Warmia was incorporated into the lands of former Ducal Prussia, which, by administrative deed of 31 January 1773 were named East Prussia. The former Polish Pomerelian lands beyond the Vistula River together with Malbork and Chełmno Land formed the Province of West Prussia with its capital at Marienwerder (Kwidzyn). The Polish Partition Sejm ratified the cession on 30 September 1773, whereafter Frederick officially went on to call himself a King "of" Prussia.

Q1: In what year was Royal Prussia annexed?
A1: 1772
Q2: In what year was the territory of Warmia incorporated? 
A2: 31 January 1773
Q3: What was ratified in 1773 in Prussia?
A3: The Polish Partition Sejm
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced. Bermudians began to turn to maritime trades relatively early in the 17th century, but the Somers Isles Company used all its authority to suppress turning away from agriculture. This interference led to the islanders demanding, and receiving, the revocation of the Company's charter in 1684, and the Company was dissolved.

Q1: Why did the Somers Isles Company decide to surpress shipbuilding?
A1: needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land
Q2: Why wasn't agriculture successful?
A2: colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced
Q3: What did Bermudians do when agriculture failed?
A3: turn to maritime trades
Q4: Why was the Somers Isles Company's charter revoked?
A4: islanders demanding
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.

Q1: During what years was Edward Malloy president of Notre Dame?
A1: 1987–2005
Q2: The amount of professors at Notre Dame increased by what amount under Malloy?
A2: 500
Q3: What was the SAT score, on average, at Notre Dame when Edward Malloy became president?
A3: 1240
Q4: When Malloy became president of Notre Dame what was the size of the endowment?
A4: $350 million
Q5: When Malloy reached the end of his time as president how much annuals funding for research did Notre Dame have?
A5: more than $70 million
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston. In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians, French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settled in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants—Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics—prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.

Q1: How did Boston's population change in the 1820's?
A1: Boston's population grew rapidly
Q2: The first Europen immigrants arrival changed what in Boston?
A2: the city's ethnic composition
Q3: What was the estimated population of Irish people living in Boston in 1850?
A3: about 35,000
Q4: What religion did Irish and Italian immigrants bring with them to Boston?
A4: Roman Catholicism
Q5: What is Bostons largest religious group today?
A5: Catholics
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

In the 1840s Nicholas I reduced 64,000 szlachta to commoner status. Despite this, 62.8% of Russia's nobles were szlachta in 1858 and still 46.1% in 1897. Serfdom was abolished in Russian Poland on February 19, 1864. It was deliberately enacted in a way that would ruin the szlachta. It was the only area where peasants paid the market price in redemption for the land (the average for the empire was 34% above the market price). All land taken from Polish peasants since 1846 was to be returned without redemption payments. The ex serfs could only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta. 90% of the ex serfs in the empire who actually gained land after 1861 were in the 8 western provinces. Along with Romania, Polish landless or domestic serfs were the only ones to be given land after serfdom was abolished. All this was to punish the szlachta's role in the uprisings of 1830 and 1863. By 1864 80% of szlachta were déclassé, 1/4 petty nobles were worse off than the average serf, 48.9% of land in Russian Poland was in peasant hands, nobles still held 46%. In Second Polish Republic the privileges of the nobility were lawfully abolished by the March Constitution in 1921 and as such not granted by any future Polish law.

Q1: Who redused 64,000 szlachta to commoner status?
A1: Nicholas I
Q2: IN 1858 who was szlachta out of all the russian nobles?
A2: 62.8%
Q3: When and who abolished the serfdom?
A3: Russian Poland on February 19, 1864
Q4: Who could the ex serfs sell their land to?
A4: only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta
Q5: How much land was held by the peasants? 
A5: 48.9%
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England. He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876. The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1 January 1877.

Q1: In a general election of what year was Disraeli returned to power?
A1: 1874
Q2: What year was the Public Worship Regulation Act passed?
A2: 1874
Q3: What Church did Victoria consider herself aligned with?
A3: presbyterian Church of Scotland
Q4: What Act did Disraeli push through Parliment in 1876?
A4: Royal Titles Act 1876
Q5: In 1876 Victoria held what title?
A5: Empress of India
Q6: What removed Catholic Rituals from Anglican services? 
A6: Public Worship Regulation Act 1874
Q7: Which church did Queen Victoria consider her favorite? 
A7: presbyterian Church of Scotland
Q8: Who published the Royal Titles Act of 1876?
A8: Disraeli
Q9: When was Queen Victoria named the Empress of India? 
A9: 1 May 1876
Q10: Where was the new title of Empress of India proclaimed? 
A10: Delhi Durbar
Q11: When was Disraeli returned to office?
A11: 1874
Q12: What change, supported by Victoria, did Disraeli make to the Anglician liturgy?
A12: removed Catholic rituals
Q13: Where did Victoria really align herself when it came to religion?
A13: presbyterian Church of Scotland
Q14: What allowed Victoria to become the Empress of India?
A14: Royal Titles Act 1876
Q15: Whic act, passed by Disraeli, allowed him to alter the Anglician liturgy?
A15: Public Worship Regulation Act 1874
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

In the 1890s, the recording formats of the earliest (toy) discs were mainly 12.5 cm (nominally five inches) in diameter; by the mid-1890s, the discs were usually 7 in (nominally 17.5 cm) in diameter. By 1910 the 10-inch (25.4 cm) record was by far the most popular standard, holding about three minutes of music or other entertainment on a side. From 1903 onwards, 12-inch records (30.5 cm) were also sold commercially, mostly of classical music or operatic selections, with four to five minutes of music per side. Victor, Brunswick and Columbia also issued 12-inch popular medleys, usually spotlighting a Broadway show score. However, other sizes did appear. Eight-inch discs with a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) label became popular for about a decade in Britain, but they cannot be played in full on most modern record players because the tone arm cannot play far enough in toward the center without modification of the equipment.

Q1: What was the most popular sized disc by 1910?
A1: 10-inch
Q2: How long could a recording be on a 10 inch disc in the 1903?
A2: four to five minutes of music per side
Q3: How small were the earliest discs released?
A3: 12.5 cm
Q4: What was one requirement issue with discs popular in Britain?
A4: modification of the equipment
Q5: Which disc could hold about three minutes of recording on either side?
A5: 10-inch
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

In the 18th and 19th century, green was associated with the romantic movement in literature and art. The French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau celebrated the virtues of nature, The German poet and philosopher Goethe declared that green was the most restful color, suitable for decorating bedrooms. Painters such as John Constable and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot depicted the lush green of rural landscapes and forests. Green was contrasted to the smoky grays and blacks of the Industrial Revolution.

Q1: When was green associated with the romantic movement in literature and art?
A1: 18th and 19th century
Q2: Who was a French philospher that celebrated the virtues of nature?
A2: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Q3: Which German poet and philospher declared green to be the most restful color?
A3: Goethe
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

In the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail "the Bloodthirsty" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission.

Q1: When did Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail live?
A1: (1672–1727)
Q2: How many black slaves did he own?
A2: 150,000
Q3: What did he call his slave army?
A3: Black Guard
Q4: What did the Black Guard do?
A4: coerced the country into submission.
Q5: When did the Black Guard exist?
A5: In the 18th century
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and communications could be destroyed, effectively taking away their means to resist. It was also thought the bombing of residential centres would cause a collapse of civilian will, which might have led to the collapse of production and civil life. Democracies, where the populace was allowed to show overt disapproval of the ruling government, were thought particularly vulnerable. This thinking was prevalent in both the RAF and what was then known as the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) between the two world wars. RAF Bomber Command's policy in particular would attempt to achieve victory through the destruction of civilian will, communications and industry.

Q1: In the 1920's and 30's to theorist thought wars could be won by air forces what were their names?
A1: Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell
Q2: Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what?
A2: collapse of civilian will
Q3: What kind of populace was believed to be most vulnerable?
A3: Democracies
Q4: What does USAAC stand for?
A4: United States Army Air Corps
Q5: What kind of bombing raids were most favored?
A5: night
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Milton Friedman created the concept of monetarism. Monetarism focuses on using the supply and demand of money as a method for controlling economic activity. In the 1970s, monetarism has adapted into supply-side economics which advocates reducing taxes as a means to increase the amount of money available for economic expansion.

Q1: What did John Maynard Keynes want to separate?
A1: microeconomics and macroeconomics
Q2: What concept did Milton Friedman propose after World War II?
A2: monetarism
Q3: How did monaterism aim to control the economy?
A3: using the supply and demand of money
Q4: In the 1970s, what did monaterism turn into?
A4: supply-side economics
Q5: How did supply-side economics try to increase the amount of money in the market?
A5: reducing taxes
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight tunes per album. When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an "album".

Q1: When were albums as we currently know them widely released?
A1: 1930s
Q2: What is typically found on the front cover of an album?
A2: artwork
Q3: How may records were commonly found in an album?
A3: three or four
Q4: When did the vinyl LP records Era begin?
A4: 1949
Q5: How many songs did most albums contain?
A5: six or eight
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

In the 1930s, the experimental station W3XE, owned by Philco, became the first television station in Philadelphia; it became NBC's first affiliate in 1939, and later became KYW-TV (CBS). WCAU-TV, WPVI-TV, WHYY-TV, WPHL-TV, and WTXF-TV had all been founded by the 1970s. In 1952, WFIL (now WPVI) premiered the television show Bandstand, which later became the nationally broadcast American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark. Today, as in many large metropolitan areas, each of the commercial networks has an affiliate, and call letters have been replaced by corporate IDs: CBS3, 6ABC, NBC10, Fox29, Telefutura28, Telemundo62, Univision65, plus My PHL 17 and CW Philly 57. The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WYBE-TV (Philadelphia), WHYY-TV (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), WLVT-TV (Lehigh Valley), and NJTV (New Jersey). In September 2007, Philadelphia approved a Public-access television cable TV channel.

Q1: Who owned W3XE?
A1: Philco
Q2: When did it become NBC's first affiliate?
A2: 1939
Q3: What show started out in the city?
A3: Bandstand
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

In the 1940s, Detroit blues artist John Lee Hooker became a long-term resident in the city's southwest Delray neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit. Hooker recorded for Fortune Records, the biggest pre-Motown blues/soul label. During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood. Prominent emerging Jazz musicians of the 1960s included: trumpet player Donald Byrd who attended Cass Tech and performed with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers early in his career and Saxophonist Pepper Adams who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums. The Graystone International Jazz Museum documents jazz in Detroit.

Q1: Which artist resided in Delray?
A1: John Lee Hooker
Q2: Which musician attended Cass Tech?
A2: Donald Byrd
Q3: Which musician accompanied Donald Byrd on several albums?
A3: Pepper Adams
Q4: What is the name of the jazz museum in Detroit?
A4: Graystone International Jazz Museum
Q5: What type of music is John Lee Hooker known for?
A5: blues
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

In the 1940s, new interpretations of John's reign began to emerge, based on research into the record evidence of his reign, such as pipe rolls, charters, court documents and similar primary records. Notably, an essay by Vivian Galbraith in 1945 proposed a "new approach" to understanding the ruler. The use of recorded evidence was combined with an increased scepticism about two of the most colourful chroniclers of John's reign, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris. In many cases the detail provided by these chroniclers, both writing after John's death, was challenged by modern historians. Interpretations of Magna Carta and the role of the rebel barons in 1215 have been significantly revised: although the charter's symbolic, constitutional value for later generations is unquestionable, in the context of John's reign most historians now consider it a failed peace agreement between "partisan" factions. There has been increasing debate about the nature of John's Irish policies. Specialists in Irish medieval history, such as Sean Duffy, have challenged the conventional narrative established by Lewis Warren, suggesting that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than was previously supposed.

Q1: When did new interpretations of John's reign begin to emerge?
A1: 1940s
Q2: Who wrote an essay in 1945 that proposed a "new approach?"
A2: Vivian Galbraith
Q3: Who suggested that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than previously supposed?
A3: Lewis Warren
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd politicians began to surface, however, breeding an atmosphere of rumor and suspicion that consequently brought the Free Officers to the forefront of Egyptian politics. By then, the organization had expanded to around ninety members; according to Khaled Mohieddin, "nobody knew all of them and where they belonged in the hierarchy except Nasser". Nasser felt that the Free Officers were not ready to move against the government and, for nearly two years, he did little beyond officer recruitment and underground news bulletins.

Q1: What group boycotted the 1950 elections?
A1: Muslim Brotherhood
Q2: What party advanced in the 1950 elections?
A2: Wafd
Q3: What were Wafd members accused of?
A3: corruption
Q4: What group became prominent in Egyptian politics?
A4: Free Officers
Q5: How long did Nasser swell the ranks of his Free Officers?
A5: nearly two years
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

In the 1950s after PRC was established by CPC, the government invested heavily in the city to build a series of state-owned heavy industries, as part of the national plan of rapid industrialization, converting it into a heavy industry production centre of East China. Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, the government also made many disastrous mistakes during development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in negative economic growth in the late 1960s. From 1960s to 1980s there were Five Pillar Industries, namely, electronics, cars, petrochemical, iron and steel, and power, each with big state-owned firms. After the Reform and Opening recovering market economy, the state-owned enterprises found themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms and local private firms, hence were either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization and this resulted in large numbers of layoff workers who were technically not unemployed but effectively jobless.

Q1: What did the government build in Nanjing during the 1950's?
A1: a series of state-owned heavy industries
Q2: The mistakes the government made during this period resulted in what type of growth?
A2: negative economic growth
Q3: How many Pillar industries were there from the 1960s to the 1980s?
A3: Five
Q4: The inability to compete with multinational firms led to what for workers?
A4: large numbers of layoff
Q5: The government wanted Nanjing to be what kind of industrial city?
A5: “world-class”
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

In the 1950s and the 1960s, Paris became one front of the Algerian War for independence; in August 1961, the pro-independence FLN targeted and killed 11 Paris policemen, leading to the imposition of a curfew on Muslims of Algeria (who, at that time, were French citizens). On 17 October 1961, an unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against the curfew led to violent confrontations between the police and demonstrators, in which at least 40 people were killed, including some thrown into the Seine. The anti-independence Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS), for their part, carried out a series of bombings in Paris throughout 1961 and 1962.

Q1: How many police officers did the pro-independence FLN kill in August of 1961?
A1: 11
Q2: What was the result of the police officer killing?
A2: curfew on Muslims of Algeria
Q3: How many people were killed during the demonstrations against the curfew?
A3: at least 40
Q4: Who carried out bombings throughout Paris between 1961 and 1962?
A4: Organisation de l'armée secrète
Title: Pub
Topic: History

In the 1950s some British pubs would offer "a pie and a pint", with hot individual steak and ale pies made easily on the premises by the proprietor's wife during the lunchtime opening hours. The ploughman's lunch became popular in the late 1960s. In the late 1960s "chicken in a basket", a portion of roast chicken with chips, served on a napkin, in a wicker basket became popular due to its convenience.

Q1: During what decade did some British pubs provide "a pie and a pint"?
A1: 1950s
Q2: In what decade was the ploughman's lunch often consumed in pubs?
A2: 1960s
Q3: What decade saw the popularity of "chicken in a basket"?
A3: 1960s
Q4: What was "chicken in a basket" served in?
A4: a wicker basket
Q5: Along with chicken, what food was included in "chicken in a basket"?
A5: chips
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.

Q1: How did early humans locate meat without hunting ?
A1: scavenging
Q2: In addition to finding already dead animals, what other cause of death were their animal finds?
A2: natural causes
Q3: Where did hunter-gatherer peoples live?
A3: sparsely wooded areas
Q4: What type of area did early humans avoid?
A4: dense forest
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

In the 1950s, Universal-International resumed their series of Arabian Nights films, many starring Tony Curtis. The studio also had a success with monster and science fiction films produced by William Alland, with many directed by Jack Arnold. Other successes were the melodramas directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter, although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become. Among Universal-International's stable of stars were Rock Hudson, Tony Curtis, Jeff Chandler, Audie Murphy, and John Gavin.

Q1: Who did many of Universal-International's Arabian Nights films feature?
A1: Tony Curtis
Q2: Who notably produced monster and science fiction films for Universal?
A2: William Alland
Q3: What Universal director was known for his melodramas?
A3: Douglas Sirk
Q4: Who directed monster movies for Universal?
A4: Jack Arnold
Q5: Who produced melodramas for Universal?
A5: Ross Hunter
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age". Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism. In the late 1960s, attempts to portray a more modern image of the monarchy were made in the television documentary Royal Family and by televising Prince Charles's investiture as Prince of Wales. In public, she took to wearing mostly solid-colour overcoats and decorative hats, which allow her to be seen easily in a crowd.

Q1: As what was Elizabeth portrayed in the 1950s?
A1: "fairytale Queen"
Q2: What was the time after WWII heralded as?
A2: "new Elizabethan age"
Q3: Of what did Lord Altrincham say Elizabeth's speeches resembled?
A3: "priggish schoolgirl"
Q4: What investiture featuring Prince Charles was televised in the late 1960s?
A4: Prince of Wales
Q5: In the 1960s, what did Elizabeth begin wearing to events ?
A5: solid-colour overcoats
Title: Eritrea
Topic: Natural sciences

In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.

Q1: What did Emperor Haile Selassie seek to annex in the 1950's?
A1: Eritrea and Italian Somaliland
Q2: Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?
A2: Emperor Haile Selassie
Q3: Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?
A3: as a reward for their support during World War II
Q4: Who consistently requested that a referendum be held immediately to settle the question of Eritrean sovereignty?
A4: The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties
Q5: Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
A5: The British and Americans
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.

Q1: What roles were women recruited for in the 1950s?
A1: medicine, communication, logistics, and administration
Q2: What year did further recruitment for women open in the CAF?
A2: 1971
Q3: What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1970s?
A3: vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers
Q4: Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?
A4: the Department changed its policies
Q5: What charter directly affected a women's right to serve in the CAF?
A5: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

In the 1960 election to choose his successor, Eisenhower endorsed his own Vice President, Republican Richard Nixon against Democrat John F. Kennedy. He told friends, "I will do almost anything to avoid turning my chair and country over to Kennedy." He actively campaigned for Nixon in the final days, although he may have done Nixon some harm. When asked by reporters at the end of a televised press conference to list one of Nixon's policy ideas he had adopted, Eisenhower joked, "If you give me a week, I might think of one. I don't remember." Kennedy's campaign used the quote in one of its campaign commercials. Nixon narrowly lost to Kennedy. Eisenhower, who was the oldest president in history at that time (then 70), was succeeded by the youngest elected president, as Kennedy was 43.

Q1: Who did Eisenhower endorse for president in 1960?
A1: Richard Nixon
Q2: Who was the Democratic candidate for president in 1960?
A2: John F. Kennedy
Q3: How old was Eisenhower in 1960?
A3: 70
Q4: Who was the youngest person elected to the United States presidency?
A4: Kennedy
Q5: Who won the US presidential election of 1960?
A5: Kennedy
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

In the 1960 presidential election, Democratic candidate and future President John F. Kennedy "criticized President Eisenhower for not ending discrimination in federally supported housing" and "advocated a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission".:59 Shortly after taking office, Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in March 1961, requiring government contractors to "consider and recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination…. The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin".:60 The order also established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), chaired by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Federal contractors who failed to comply or violated the executive order were punished by contract cancellation and the possible debarment from future government contracts. The administration was "not demanding any special preference or treatment or quotas for minorities" but was rather "advocating racially neutral hiring to end job discrimination".:61 Turning to issues of women's rights, Kennedy initiated a Commission on the Status of Women in December 1961. The commission was charged with "examining employment policies and practices of the government and of contractors" with regard to sex.:66

Q1: Who criticized President Eisenhower during the 1960 presidential election?
A1: John F. Kennedy
Q2: What was John F. Kennedy's criticism of the President based on?
A2: not ending discrimination in federally supported housing
Q3: Which order was issued soon after Kennedy took office?
A3: Executive Order 10925
Q4: What does PCEEO stand for?
A4: President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity
Q5: What was the immediate penalty for a federal contractor for not obeying the executive order?
A5: contract cancellation
Title: Hard_rock
Topic: Music

In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by The Yardbirds and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones. From the late 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from blues rock and was played louder and with more intensity.

Q1: Who were three Chicago blues players who influenced hard rock?
A1: Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf
Q2: Who recorded "You Really Got Me"?
A2: The Kinks
Q3: "Shapes of Things" was a 1966 single by what band?
A3: The Yardbirds
Q4: What garage rock classic was recorded by The Kingsmen?
A4: "Louie Louie"
Q5: When did the Rolling Stones release "(I Can't Get No" Satisfaction"?
A5: 1965
Title: Houston
Topic: History

In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th tallest in the United States and the 95th tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space.

Q1: Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's?
A1: mid-rise office structures
Q2: When were skyscrapers first built in Houston?
A2: throughout the 1970s
Q3: What is the tallest building in Texas?
A3: JPMorgan Chase Tower
Q4: How tall is the JP Morgan Chase Tower?
A4: 1,002-foot
Q5: What is the second tallest building in Houston?
A5: Wells Fargo Plaza
Q6: In the 1970 s what developer built high rises in downtown Houston?
A6: Gerald D. Hines
Q7: What was the highest building in Houston completed in 1982?
A7: JPMorgan Chase Tower
Q8: What was the original name of the JP Morgan Chase Tower?
A8: Texas Commerce Tower
Q9: What is the Chase Tower rated as in height in Texas?
A9: tallest structure in Texas
Q10: By 2007 how many square feet of office space did Houston have?
A10: 43 million square feet
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

In the 1960s, the first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was completed, and served as the only bridge crossing over the Lower Yangtze in eastern China at that time. The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by other nations and the reliance on and then rejection of Soviet expertise. Begun in 1960 and opened to traffic in 1968, the bridge is a two-tiered road and rail design spanning 4,600 metres on the upper deck, with approximately 1,580 metres spanning the river itself. Since then four more bridges and two tunnels have been built. Going in the downstream direction, the Yangtze crossings in Nanjing are: Dashengguan Bridge, Line 10 Metro Tunnel, Third Bridge, Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel, First Bridge, Second Bridge and Fourth Bridge.

Q1: When was the very first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge finished?
A1: the 1960s
Q2: What was the symbolism of the bridge?
A2: symbol of modern China
Q3: When did the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge first open for traffic?
A3: 1968
Q4: What type of design is the bridge?
A4: a two-tiered road and rail design
Q5: How many more bridges have been built since the first one was completed?
A5: four