LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

These decisions, apparently taken at the Luftflotte or Fliegerkorps level (see Organisation of the Luftwaffe (1933–1945)), meant attacks on individual targets were gradually replaced by what was, for all intents and purposes, an unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack). Part of the reason for this was inaccuracy of navigation. The effectiveness of British countermeasures against Knickebein, which was designed to avoid area attacks, forced the Luftwaffe to resort to these methods. The shift from precision bombing to area attack is indicated in the tactical methods and weapons dropped. KGr 100 increased its use of incendiaries from 13–28 percent. By December, this had increased to 92 percent. Use of incendiaries, which were inherently inaccurate, indicated much less care was taken to avoid civilian property close to industrial sites. Other units ceased using parachute flares and opted for explosive target markers. Captured German air crews also indicated the homes of industrial workers were deliberately targeted.

Q1: Decision changes at organizational levels led to what type of attacks?
A1: unrestricted area attack or Terrorangriff (Terror Attack)
Q2: What was one of the reasons for unrestricted area attacks?
A2: inaccuracy of navigation
Q3: How was it known that precision bombing was changed to area attacks?
A3: tactical methods and weapons dropped
Q4: What percentage of incendiaries were used in December?
A4: 92 percent
Q5: How was it determined that homes of industrial workers were targeted?
A5: Captured German air crews
Title: Sumer
Topic: History

These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of serving them. The temples organized the mass labour projects needed for irrigation agriculture. Citizens had a labor duty to the temple, though they could avoid it by a payment of silver.

Q1: What did the Sumerian deities form?
A1: a core pantheon
Q2: What could Sumerian gods be associated with?
A2: different cities
Q3: What did the religious importance of city gods wax and wan with?
A3: those cities' political power
Q4: Why did the gods create human beings from clay?
A4: for the purpose of serving them
Q5: How could a citizen avoid their labor duty to their local temple?
A5: a payment of silver
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

These developments led to the theory of conservation of energy, formalized largely by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) as the field of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics aided the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Walther Nernst. It also led to a mathematical formulation of the concept of entropy by Clausius and to the introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef Stefan. According to Noether's theorem, the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time. Thus, since 1918, theorists have understood that the law of conservation of energy is the direct mathematical consequence of the translational symmetry of the quantity conjugate to energy, namely time.

Q1: Who largely formalized the developments that led to the theory of conservation of energy?
A1: William Thomson
Q2: What aided the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes by Clausius, Gibbs and Nernst?
A2: Thermodynamics
Q3: Who developed the concept of the introduction of laws of radiant energy?
A3: Jožef Stefan
Q4: What states that the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time?
A4: Noether's theorem
Title: Identity_(social_science)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

These different explorations of 'identity' demonstrate how difficult a concept it is to pin down. Since identity is a virtual thing, it is impossible to define it empirically. Discussions of identity use the term with different meanings, from fundamental and abiding sameness, to fluidity, contingency, negotiated and so on. Brubaker and Cooper note a tendency in many scholars to confuse identity as a category of practice and as a category of analysis (Brubaker & Cooper 2000, p. 5). Indeed, many scholars demonstrate a tendency to follow their own preconceptions of identity, following more or less the frameworks listed above, rather than taking into account the mechanisms by which the concept is crystallised as reality. In this environment, some analysts, such as Brubaker and Cooper, have suggested doing away with the concept completely (Brubaker & Cooper 2000, p. 1). Others, by contrast, have sought to introduce alternative concepts in an attempt to capture the dynamic and fluid qualities of human social self-expression. Hall (1992, 1996), for example, suggests treating identity as a process, to take into account the reality of diverse and ever-changing social experience. Some scholars have introduced the idea of identification, whereby identity is perceived as made up of different components that are 'identified' and interpreted by individuals. The construction of an individual sense of self is achieved by personal choices regarding who and what to associate with. Such approaches are liberating in their recognition of the role of the individual in social interaction and the construction of identity.

Q1: What is it impossible to do with identity?
A1: define it empirically
Q2: Many scholars confuse identity as a category of practice and what other category?
A2: category of analysis
Q3: What do many scholars demonstrate a tendency towards?
A3: their own preconceptions of identity
Q4: Some scholars try to introduce new concepts to capture the fluid qualities of what?
A4: human social self-expression
Q5: The idea that identity is made of components that are identified by individuals is what idea? 
A5: the idea of identification
Title: Edmund_Burke
Topic: History

These events and the disagreements that arose from them within the Whig Party, led to its break-up and to the rupture of Burke's friendship with Fox. In debate in Parliament on Britain's relations with Russia, Fox praised the principles of the revolution, although Burke was not able to reply at this time as he was "overpowered by continued cries of question from his own side of the House". When Parliament was debating the Quebec Bill for a constitution for Canada, Fox praised the revolution and criticised some of Burke's arguments, such as hereditary power. On 6 May 1791, during another debate in Parliament on the Quebec Bill, Burke used the opportunity to answer Fox, and to condemn the new French Constitution and "the horrible consequences flowing from the French idea of the Rights of Man". Burke asserted that those ideas were the antithesis of both the British and the American constitutions. Burke was interrupted, and Fox intervened, saying that Burke should be allowed to carry on with his speech. A vote of censure was moved against Burke, however, for noticing the affairs of France, which was moved by Lord Sheffield and seconded by Fox. Pitt made a speech praising Burke, and Fox made a speech—both rebuking and complimenting Burke. He questioned the sincerity of Burke, who seemed to have forgotten the lessons he had learned from him, quoting from Burke's own speeches of fourteen and fifteen years before.

Q1: Fox praised revolutionary principles in a debate about which country?
A1: Russia
Q2: What type of power did Fox think Burke was wrong about?
A2: hereditary
Q3: Which constitution did Burke condemn on May 6, 1791?
A3: French
Q4: Fox quoted Burke's speeches from how long ago?
A4: fourteen and fifteen years
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

These first European HDTV broadcasts used the 1080i format with MPEG-2 compression on a DVB-S signal from SES's Astra 1H satellite. Euro1080 transmissions later changed to MPEG-4/AVC compression on a DVB-S2 signal in line with subsequent broadcast channels in Europe.

Q1: What format did the first European HDTV broadcast use?
A1: 1080i format
Q2: What compression did the first European HDTV broadcast use?
A2: MPEG-2
Q3: What signal did the first European HDTV broadcast use?
A3: DVB-S
Q4: What compression did Euro1080 later change to?
A4: MPEG-4/AVC
Q5: What signal did Euro1080 later change to?
A5: DVB-S2
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

These immigrants were largely responsible for the first general strike in North America in 1835, in which workers in the city won the ten-hour workday. The city was a destination for thousands of Irish immigrants fleeing the Great Famine in the 1840s; housing for them was developed south of South Street, and was later occupied by succeeding immigrants. They established a network of Catholic churches and schools, and dominated the Catholic clergy for decades. Anti-Irish, anti-Catholic Nativist riots had erupted in Philadelphia in 1844. In the latter half of the century, immigrants from Russia, Eastern Europe and Italy; and African Americans from the southern U.S. settled in the city. Between 1880 and 1930, the African-American population of Philadelphia increased from 31,699 to 219,559. Twentieth-century black newcomers were part of the Great Migration out of the rural South to northern and midwestern industrial cities.

Q1: Who carried out the first strike in North America?
A1: immigrants
Q2: When did the strike take place?
A2: 1835
Q3: What did the strikers achieve?
A3: ten-hour workday
Q4: Why did so many Irish immigrants come to Philadelphia?
A4: the Great Famine
Q5: When did the black population explode?
A5: Between 1880 and 1930
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments.

Q1: Some regulated banks did not have sufficient financial cushions in place to absorb what losses as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?
A1: MBS
Q2: What was a consequence of the large loan defaults and MBS losses in 2007?
A2: slowing economic activity
Q3: Who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in commercial banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?
A3: central banks
Q4: Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007?
A4: Governments
Q5: What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007?
A5: large loan defaults or MBS losses
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manually twice a year. The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law established predictable rules using the Jewish calendar but Windows zone files could not represent the rules' dates in a year-independent way. Partial workarounds, which mishandled older time stamps, included manually switching zone files every year and a Microsoft tool that switches zones automatically. In 2013, Israel standardized its daylight saving time according to the Gregorian calendar.

Q1: What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?
A1: 1995
Q2: Because the schedule in Israel was always changing, what did Microsoft do with the release of Windows 98?
A2: marked Israel as not having DST
Q3: How often would Israeli users running Windows 98 need to manually adjust the time on their machines to stay current?
A3: twice a year
Q4: What law regulated the rules for time shifts in Israel according to the Jewish calendar?
A4: The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law
Q5: Although the schedule in Israel became predictable after 2005, there were still problems in Windows until Israel adjusted DST to what calendar in 2013?
A5: the Gregorian calendar
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

These motors were originally invented to drive the capstan(s) of magnetic tape drives in the burgeoning computer industry, where minimal time to reach operating speed and minimal stopping distance were critical. Pancake motors are still widely used in high-performance servo-controlled systems, robotic systems, industrial automation and medical devices. Due to the variety of constructions now available, the technology is used in applications from high temperature military to low cost pump and basic servos.

Q1: What was the original purpose for pancake motors?
A1: drive the capstan(s) of magnetic tape drives
Q2: What are advantages of pancake motors?
A2: minimal time to reach operating speed and minimal stopping distance
Q3: For what type of military applications are pancake motors currently used?
A3: high temperature
Q4: What type of servo-controlled systems use pancake motors?
A4: high-performance
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London. The only school to be represented on this occasion was Charterhouse. The Freemason's Tavern was the setting for five more meetings between October and December, which eventually produced the first comprehensive set of rules. At the final meeting, the first FA treasurer, the representative from Blackheath, withdrew his club from the FA over the removal of two draft rules at the previous meeting: the first allowed for running with the ball in hand; the second for obstructing such a run by hacking (kicking an opponent in the shins), tripping and holding. Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA and instead in 1871 formed the Rugby Football Union. The eleven remaining clubs, under the charge of Ebenezer Cobb Morley, went on to ratify the original thirteen laws of the game. These rules included handling of the ball by "marks" and the lack of a crossbar, rules which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia. The Sheffield FA played by its own rules until the 1870s with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between the games.

Q1: What year did the Football Association form?
A1: 1863
Q2: At what establishment did the Football Association have their first Meeting?
A2: Freemasons' Tavern
Q3: What year did the Rugby Football Union form?
A3: 1871
Q4: How many clubs ended up ratifying the original laws of the game?
A4: eleven
Q5: Who played by their own rules till the 1870's?
A5: The Sheffield FA
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to include a wide range of multiracial people, such as caboclos (mestizos), assimilated Amerindians and tri-racials, not only people of partial African and European descent. Trying to identify this entire group as "black" would be a false imposition of a different identity from outside the culture and deny people their other, equally valid, ancestries and cultures. It seems a one-drop rule in reverse.

Q1: What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include?
A1: all African-descended people
Q2: What does this aim to stimulate?
A2: a "black" consciousness and identity.
Q3: What does the term "pardo" include?
A3: a wide range of multiracial people
Q4: What does caboclos mean?
A4: mestizos
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

These processes are also important in biological responses to pollution; for example, sulfate-reducing bacteria are largely responsible for the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury (methyl- and dimethylmercury) in the environment. Non-respiratory anaerobes use fermentation to generate energy and reducing power, secreting metabolic by-products (such as ethanol in brewing) as waste. Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors depending on the environmental conditions in which they find themselves.

Q1: What is sulfate-reducing bacteria accountable for?
A1: the production of the highly toxic forms of mercury
Q2: What is the by-product of non-repiratory anaerobes?
A2: ethanol
Q3: How can anaerobes adjust to the surrounding environment?
A3: can switch between fermentation and different terminal electron acceptors
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was consumed for this purpose in 1991. The trends suggest that particle board and fiber board will overtake plywood.

Q1: What category do composite panels, strand board, and plywood all fit into?
A1: wood structural panels
Q2: What's another word for glued laminated timber?
A2: glulam
Q3: What does LVL stand for?
A3: laminated veneer lumber
Q4: If current building trends continue, what material will be replaced by particle and fiber board?
A4: plywood
Q5: About how many cubic meters of wood was used in 1991 to make products like glulam, LVL, and structural composite lumber?
A5: 100 million
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

These reforms were based heavily on French models, as indicated by the adoption of a three-tiered court system. Referred to as Nizamiye, this system was extended to the local magistrate level with the final promulgation of the Mecelle, a civil code that regulated marriage, divorce, alimony, will, and other matters of personal status. In an attempt to clarify the division of judicial competences, an administrative council laid down that religious matters were to be handled by religious courts, and statute matters were to be handled by the Nizamiye courts.

Q1: Reforms in the Ottoman court system were based on what model?
A1: French models
Q2: How many tiers did the Ottoman court system adopt?
A2: three
Q3: What was the new Ottoman court system known as?
A3: Nizamiye
Q4: What code regulated marriage?
A4: the Mecelle
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

These regions were occupied by "the brown men," with the yellow in the Far East and the black in Africa. The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire.

Q1: These regions were occupied by who?
A1: the brown men
Q2: Where where the yellow?
A2: the Far East
Q3: Where were the black?
A3: Africa
Q4: When did Kenya become independent?
A4: 1963
Q5: The color issue was not settled until when?
A5: Kenya became independent
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

These representations rely on presenting scenes directly to the eye for their own visible sake. They care for the schematic arrangements of bodies in space, but only as parts in a larger whole. While each scene has its own character and completeness it must fit into the general sequence to which it belongs. In these archaic pediments the sculptors use empty intervals, to suggest a passage to and fro a busy battlefield. The artists seem to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order, and this was improved when classical art brought a greater freedom and economy.

Q1: Who seemed to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order?
A1: The artists
Q2: What rely on presenting scenes directly to the eye for their own visibe sake?
A2: These representations
Q3: While each scene has its own character and completeness, it must fit into what?
A3: the general sequence to which it belongs
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

These scholars suggest, from their studies of economic and social data, that early 20th-century child labour in Europe and the United States ended in large part as a result of the economic development of the formal regulated economy, technology development and general prosperity. Child labour laws and ILO conventions came later. Edmonds suggests, even in contemporary times, the incidence of child labour in Vietnam has rapidly reduced following economic reforms and GDP growth. These scholars suggest economic engagement, emphasis on opening quality schools rather than more laws and expanding economically relevant skill development opportunities in the third world. International legal actions, such as trade sanctions increase child labour.

Q1: What caused child labour to decrease in the 20th century?
A1: economic development
Q2: What caused child labour to decrease in Vietnam?
A2: economic reforms
Q3: What do these scholars suggest with regards to child labour reductions?
A3: emphasis on opening quality schools rather than more laws and expanding economically relevant skill development opportunities in the third world
Q4: What do international actions do according to these scholars?
A4: increase child labour
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

These statistics point to the complexities surrounding the lack of health/nutrition literacy and reveal the degree to which they are embedded in the social structure and interconnected with other problems. Among these problems are the lack of information about food choices, a lack of understanding of nutritional information and its application to individual circumstances, limited or difficult access to healthful foods, and a range of cultural influences and socioeconomic constraints such as low levels of education and high levels of poverty that decrease opportunities for healthful eating and living.

Q1: What did the studies show there was a lack of understanding of by the population?
A1: nutritional information
Q2: The studies indicated that there was a lack of information in the area about what kind of choice?
A2: food
Q3: What was found to be limited or at least difficult to get access to in the studied region?
A3: healthful foods
Q4: What kind of constraint was found to have a significant effect on the nutritional literacy?
A4: socioeconomic
Q5: Aside from large people living in poverty, what else is considered a socioeconomic constraint that resulted in a decrease in opportunity for healthy food choices?
A5: low levels of education
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

These studies suggest that men and women are different in terms of sexual arousal patterns and that this is also reflected in how their genitals react to sexual stimuli of both genders or even to non-human stimuli. Sexual orientation has many dimensions (attractions, behavior, identity), of which sexual arousal is the only product of sexual attractions which can be measured at present with some degree of physical precision. Thus, the fact that women are aroused by seeing non-human primates having sex does not mean that women's sexual orientation includes this type of sexual interest. Some researchers argue that women's sexual orientation depends less on their patterns of sexual arousal than men's and that other components of sexual orientation (like emotional attachment) must be taken into account when describing women's sexual orientations. In contrast, men's sexual orientations tend to be primarily focused on the physical component of attractions and, thus, their sexual feelings are more exclusively oriented according to sex.

Q1: What do these studies suggest?
A1: that men and women are different in terms of sexual arousal patterns
Q2: How is this reflected in the studies?
A2: in how their genitals react to sexual stimuli of both genders or even to non-human stimuli.
Q3: What are some dimensions of sexual orientation?
A3: attractions, behavior, identity
Q4: What do mens sexual orientations tend be focused on?
A4: physical component of attractions
Q5: What do researches believe must be taken into account for women in these studies?
A5: emotional attachment
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

These styles generally have either two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models) directly under the strings. Much variation exists between makers working from these archetypes, and other variants have become increasingly common. Generally, in the United States, Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins and mandolins influenced by that design are strongly associated with bluegrass, while the A-style is associated other types of music, although it too is most often used for and associated with bluegrass. The F-5's more complicated woodwork also translates into a more expensive instrument.

Q1: What shape sounds holes do these styles of mandolins have? 
A1: two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models)
Q2: Where are the soundholes located?
A2: directly under the strings
Q3: What mandolin is associate with Bluegrass music?
A3: Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins
Q4: What style is associate with other types of music?
A4: A-style
Q5: Why is the F-5 mandolin more expensive?
A5: complicated woodwork
Title: Group_(mathematics)
Topic: Mathematics

These symmetries are represented by functions. Each of these functions sends a point in the square to the corresponding point under the symmetry. For example, r1 sends a point to its rotation 90° clockwise around the square's center, and fh sends a point to its reflection across the square's vertical middle line. Composing two of these symmetry functions gives another symmetry function. These symmetries determine a group called the dihedral group of degree 4 and denoted D4. The underlying set of the group is the above set of symmetry functions, and the group operation is function composition. Two symmetries are combined by composing them as functions, that is, applying the first one to the square, and the second one to the result of the first application. The result of performing first a and then b is written symbolically from right to left as

Q1: What sends a point in the square to the relating point under the symmetry? 
A1: functions
Q2:  What gives another symmetry function?
A2: Composing two of these symmetry functions
Q3: What group includes the symmetries of degree 4 and denoted D4?
A3: the dihedral group
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

These territories are sometimes referred to as the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions.

Q1: What are the Paisos Catalans
A1: Catalan Countries
Q2: What is that determination based on?
A2: cultural affinity and common heritage
Q3: What status does Catalan Countries have?
A3: no official status
Q4: What is the interpretation of the term?
A4: Various interpretations
Q5: What is the term for Catalan Countries?
A5: Països Catalans
Title: Political_philosophy
Topic: History

These theorists were driven by two basic questions: one, by what right or need do people form states; and two, what the best form for a state could be. These fundamental questions involved a conceptual distinction between the concepts of "state" and "government." It was decided that "state" would refer to a set of enduring institutions through which power would be distributed and its use justified. The term "government" would refer to a specific group of people who occupied the institutions of the state, and create the laws and ordinances by which the people, themselves included, would be bound. This conceptual distinction continues to operate in political science, although some political scientists, philosophers, historians and cultural anthropologists have argued that most political action in any given society occurs outside of its state, and that there are societies that are not organized into states that nevertheless must be considered in political terms. As long as the concept of natural order was not introduced, the social sciences could not evolve independently of theistic thinking. Since the cultural revolution of the 17th century in England, which spread to France and the rest of Europe, society has been considered subject to natural laws akin to the physical world.

Q1: What would refer to a set of enduring institutions through which power would be distributed and its use justified? 
A1: state
Q2: What refers to a specific group of people who occupied the institutions of the state?
A2: government
Q3: Society has been considered subject to natural laws akin to what?
A3: the physical world
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

These troubles were followed in 1347 by the Black Death, a pandemic that spread throughout Europe during the following three years.[AC] The death toll was probably about 35 million people in Europe, about one-third of the population. Towns were especially hard-hit because of their crowded conditions.[AD] Large areas of land were left sparsely inhabited, and in some places fields were left unworked. Wages rose as landlords sought to entice the reduced number of available workers to their fields. Further problems were lower rents and lower demand for food, both of which cut into agricultural income. Urban workers also felt that they had a right to greater earnings, and popular uprisings broke out across Europe. Among the uprisings were the jacquerie in France, the Peasants' Revolt in England, and revolts in the cities of Florence in Italy and Ghent and Bruges in Flanders. The trauma of the plague led to an increased piety throughout Europe, manifested by the foundation of new charities, the self-mortification of the flagellants, and the scapegoating of Jews. Conditions were further unsettled by the return of the plague throughout the rest of the 14th century; it continued to strike Europe periodically during the rest of the Middle Ages.

Q1: When did the Black Death start?
A1: 1347
Q2: How many million people died from the Black Death?
A2: 35
Q3: What popular uprising occurred in France during this period?
A3: the jacquerie
Q4: What English popular revolt took place during this period?
A4: the Peasants' Revolt
Q5: What Italian city experienced a popular revolt?
A5: Florence
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

These types of intermediaries do not host or transmit infringing content, themselves, but may be regarded in some courts as encouraging, enabling or facilitating infringement by users. These intermediaries may include the author, publishers and marketers of peer-to-peer networking software, and the websites that allow users to download such software. In the case of the BitTorrent protocol, intermediaries may include the torrent tracker and any websites or search engines which facilitate access to torrent files. Torrent files don't contain copyrighted content, but they may make reference to files that do, and they may point to trackers which coordinate the sharing of those files. Some torrent indexing and search sites, such as The Pirate Bay, now encourage the use of magnet links, instead of direct links to torrent files, creating another layer of indirection; using such links, torrent files are obtained from other peers, rather than from a particular website.

Q1: What do certain type of intermediaries NOT do?
A1: host or transmit infringing content
Q2: What protocol do intermediaries use that include a torrent tracker?
A2: BitTorrent
Q3: What do Torrent files NOT contain?
A3: copyrighted content
Q4: What is a torrent site that uses magnet links to share peer-to-peer?
A4: The Pirate Bay
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience, along with the social contract, became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution. Thomas Jefferson called for a "wall of separation between church and state" at the federal level. He previously had supported successful efforts to disestablish the Church of England in Virginia, and authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. Jefferson's political ideals were greatly influenced by the writings of John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton whom he considered the three greatest men that ever lived.

Q1: John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton where considered the the greatest men who ever lived by which American colonist?
A1: Thomas Jefferson
Q2: Religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience was particularly influential in the drafting of which American document?
A2: the United States Constitution
Q3: Whom, along with Francis Bacon and John Locke, did Thomas Jefferson consider to be one of the three greatest men that ever lived?
A3: Isaac Newton
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

These were fighting words to be coming from a country that once insisted Europe needed Turkey and was willing to spill blood over it. For his authority Miller invokes the people, citing the "collective wisdom" of Europe, and introducing a concept to arise many times in the decades to follow under chilling circumstances:

Q1: Miller's words were considered what?
A1: fighting words
Q2: It was considered Europe needed what country?
A2: Turkey
Q3: What was Miller citing?
A3: the "collective wisdom" of Europe
Title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)
Topic: History

These years included what was called "spectacularly malicious coverage" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of his age, appearance and policies, alongside the headline "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?" A year later, in 1984, The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA. Reagan was two weeks off his 74th birthday when he started his second term, in January 1985.

Q1: Who did The Sun say was not fit to be Prime Minister in 1983?
A1: Michael Foot
Q2: Which party was The Sun accused of covering maliciously?
A2: Labour Party
Q3: Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election?
A3: Ronald Reagan
Q4: How old would Ronald Reagan turn soon after he began his second term as U.S. president?
A4: 74
Q5: What did the headline read that was run with Michael Foot's photo?
A5: "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?"
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

These years saw an evolution in the participation of Empress Dowager Cixi (Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi) in state affairs. She entered the imperial palace in the 1850s as a concubine to the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–1861) and came to power in 1861 after her five-year-old son, the Tongzhi Emperor ascended the throne. She, the Empress Dowager Ci'an (who had been Xianfeng's empress), and Prince Gong (a son of the Daoguang Emperor), staged a coup that ousted several regents for the boy emperor. Between 1861 and 1873, she and Ci'an served as regents, choosing the reign title "Tongzhi" (ruling together). Following the emperor's death in 1875, Cixi's nephew, the Guangxu Emperor, took the throne, in violation of the dynastic custom that the new emperor be of the next generation, and another regency began. In the spring of 1881, Ci'an suddenly died, aged only forty-three, leaving Cixi as sole regent. 

Q1: What was the name of Xianfeng's concubine?
A1: Cixi
Q2: Who was Cixi's son?
A2: Tongzhi
Q3: When did Tongzhi Emperor die?
A3: 1875
Q4: Who took over from Tongzhi?
A4: Guangxu
Title: Aspirated_consonant
Topic: Language and literature

They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

Q1: When following a word such as spill, they are what for most speakers?
A1: unaspirated
Q2: If the letter s is a different place in the word, it is typical unaspirated unless the word is what?
A2: compound words
Q3: If there is a cluster such as st and it belongs to different morphemes, the stop is what?
A3: aspirated
Q4: If the st belongs to one morpheme, then the stop is what?
A4: unaspirated
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electroshock weapons. Police officers often carry handcuffs to restrain suspects. The use of firearms or deadly force is typically a last resort only to be used when necessary to save human life, although some jurisdictions (such as Brazil) allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts. A "shoot-to-kill" policy was recently introduced in South Africa, which allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians. With the country having one of the highest rates of violent crime, president Jacob Zuma states that South Africa needs to handle crime differently from other countries.

Q1: What should non-lethal weapons properly be called?
A1: "less than lethal" or "less-lethal"
Q2: What are common less-lethal weapons?
A2: batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electroshock weapons
Q3: What is supposed to be the last resort for police?
A3: The use of firearms or deadly force
Q4: What is South Africa's "shoot-to-kill" policy?
A4: allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians
Q5: Where can police shoot fleeing convicts?
A5: Brazil
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. They do not salute or pledge allegiance to flags or sing national anthems or patriotic songs. Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as a worldwide brotherhood that transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties. Sociologist Ronald Lawson has suggested the religion's intellectual and organizational isolation, coupled with the intense indoctrination of adherents, rigid internal discipline and considerable persecution, has contributed to the consistency of its sense of urgency in its apocalyptic message.

Q1: What industries do Jehovah Witnesses avoid working in?
A1: associated with the military
Q2: What may a Jehovah Witnesses' refusal to serve in the natural military service result in, in some countries?
A2: their arrest and imprisonment
Q3: What do Jehovah Witnesses see themselves as, which transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties?
A3: a worldwide brotherhood
Q4: What profession is Ronald Lawson?
A4: Sociologist
Q5: What does Lawson suggest has contributed to the consistency of the sense of urgency in Jehovah Witnesses' apocalyptic message?
A5: intellectual and organizational isolation
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

They established communities throughout Central and Eastern Europe, which had been their primary region of concentration and residence until recent times, evolving their own distinctive characteristics and diasporic identities. In the late Middle Ages the center of gravity of the Ashkenazi population, and its traditional cultural life, shifted steadily eastward, out of the German lands into Poland and Lithuania (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine). In the course of the late 18th and 19th centuries, those Jews who remained in or returned to the German lands experienced a cultural reorientation; under the influence of the Haskalah and the struggle for emancipation, as well the intellectual and cultural ferment in urban centers, they gradually abandoned the use of Yiddish, while developing new forms of Jewish religious life and cultural identity.

Q1: In the late Middle Ages, the Ashkenazi population shifted in which direction?
A1: shifted steadily eastward
Q2: In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved from what location?
A2: German lands
Q3: In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved into which location?
A3: Poland and Lithuania (including present-day Belarus and Ukraine)
Q4: In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Jews who returned to German lands experienced what?
A4: a cultural reorientation
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.

Q1: What type of theology did Puritans accept?
A1: Reformed
Q2: When did separatists become powerful in Puritanism?
A2: the 1640s
Q3: What types of piety did the Puritans advocate?
A3: personal and group
Q4: Where was Calvin criticized?
A4: Geneva
Q5: At what gathering were supporters unsuccessful in establishing a new national church?
A5: the Westminster Assembly
Title: Sumer
Topic: History

They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between infantry, cavalry, and archers. They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records. The first true city-states arose in Sumer, roughly contemporaneously with similar entities in what are now Syria and Lebanon. Several centuries after the invention of cuneiform, the use of writing expanded beyond debt/payment certificates and inventory lists to be applied for the first time, about 2600 BC, to messages and mail delivery, history, legend, mathematics, astronomical records, and other pursuits. Conjointly with the spread of writing, the first formal schools were established, usually under the auspices of a city-state's primary temple.

Q1: Sumerians used number systems which included what alternating bases?
A1: base 10 and base 6
Q2: What type of number system was standard in Sumer and Babylonia?
A2: sexagesimal
Q3: What type of formations is it possible Sumerians invented?
A3: military
Q4: What systems did the Sumerians develop which remain the first known these types to this day?
A4: legal and administrative
Q5: In Sumerian society, who oversaw the operation of the first formal schools?
A5: a city-state's primary temple
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

They maintained that the potassium tartrate used in his treatment prevented his stomach from expelling these compounds and that his thirst was a symptom of the poison. Their hypothesis was that the calomel given to Napoleon became an overdose, which killed him and left extensive tissue damage behind. According to a 2007 article, the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts was mineral, the most toxic, and according to toxicologist Patrick Kintz, this supported the conclusion that he was murdered.

Q1: What substance used in Napoleon's treatment is it suggested prevented his stomach from expelling arsenic compounds?
A1: potassium tartrate
Q2: What do those who think Napoleon was poisoned cite as a symptom that would suggest this?
A2: his thirst
Q3: According to Patrick Knize, what conclusion does the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts suggest?
A3: that he was murdered
Q4: In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published?
A4: 2007
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

Things were looking grim for Prussia now, with the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west. However, in November and December of 1757, the whole situation in Germany was reversed. First, Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757 and then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757 With these victories, Frederick once again established himself as Europe's premier general and his men as Europe's most accomplished soldiers. In spite of this, the Prussians were now facing the prospect of four major powers attacking on four fronts (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North). Meanwhile, a combined force from a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership, thus threatening Prussian control of Saxony.

Q1: What were reasons that the late 1757 time frame looked bad for Prussia?
A1: the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west
Q2: What was the initial result of the French invasion?
A2: Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757
Q3: What was the result of the Austrian invasion?
A3: then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757
Q4: Name the four opponents of Prussia.
A4: (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North)
Q5: What German areas were beginning to oppose Prussia?
A5: a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since 2008. In essence, they forced European banks, and, more importantly, the European Central Bank itself e.g. when gauging the solvency of financial institutions, to rely more than ever on standardised assessments of credit risk marketed by two non-European private agencies: Moody's and S&P.

Q1: Which agencies have became the authority on assessing the risk of financial institutions?
A1: Moody's and S&P
Q2: When was Basel II adopted?
A2: 2005
Q3: What said that agencies had to start using Moody's and S&P to assess financial institutions?
A3: the Basel II recommendations
Q4: Since when have the Basel II recommendations been in effect?
A4: 2008