LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate. In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.

Q1: Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US?
A1: National Institute for Early Education Research
Q2: When was Oklahoma's pre-K called 'a model for early childhood schooling'?
A2: 2004
Q3: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2007?
A3: 3.1
Q4: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2008?
A4: 2.5 percent
Q5: What percent of Oklahomans have graduated high school?
A5: 85.2 percent
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction. Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.

Q1: How many county commissioners does each Oklahoma county have?
A1: three
Q2: What are the major county offices in Oklahoma?
A2: commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff
Q3: How many counties are in Oklahoma?
A3: 77
Q4: Who can collect taxes in Oklahoma?
A4: Both county and municipal governments
Q5: Who can hold elections in Oklahoma?
A5: Both county and municipal governments
Title: Himachal_Pradesh
Topic: Social sciences and society

The state is well known for its handicrafts. The carpets, leather works, shawls, metalware, woodwork and paintings are worth appreciating. Pashmina shawls are a product that is highly in demand in Himachal and all over the country. Himachali caps are famous art work of the people. Extreme cold winters of Himachal necessitated wool weaving. Nearly every household in Himachal owns a pit-loom. Wool is considered as pure and is used as a ritual cloth. The well-known woven object is the shawl, ranging from fine pashmina to the coarse desar. Kullu is famous for its shawls with striking patterns and vibrant colours. Kangra and Dharamshala are famous for Kangra miniature paintings.

Q1: What is the state well known for?
A1: handicrafts
Q2: The majority of all households in Himachal own a what?
A2: pit-loom
Q3: What is considered pure and used as a ritual cloth?
A3: Wool
Q4: What is Kullu famous for?
A4: shawls with striking patterns and vibrant colours
Q5: What are Kangra and Dharamshala famous for?
A5: Kangra miniature paintings
Title: San_Diego
Topic: Geography and places

The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California legislature revoked the city's charter and placed it under control of a board of trustees, where it remained until 1889. A city charter was re-established in 1889 and today's city charter was adopted in 1931.

Q1: In what year did San Diego officially become a city?
A1: 1850
Q2: Who was San Diego's first mayor?
A2: Joshua H. Bean
Q3: What happened two years after San Diego elected it's first mayor?
A3: the city was bankrupt
Q4: Who controlled San Diego's charter for 2 years after it was revoked by California legislature?
A4: a board of trustees
Q5: When was San Diego's current charter adopted?
A5: 1931
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico. The area is landlocked by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas to the northeast and New Mexico to the north. The state is made up of three geologic regions: Mountains, Plains-Valleys, and Desert, which occur in large bands from west to east. Because of the different geologic regions there are contrasting climates and ecosystems.

Q1: Which state is the largest in the country by land?
A1: Chihuahua
Q2: What percentage of the country does it make up?
A2: 12.6%
Q3: Which state borders Chihuahua to the direct west?
A3: Sonora
Q4: Which U.S. state borders to the northeast?
A4: Texas
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

The state of Oklahoma hosts a highly competitive high school football culture, with many teams in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association (OSSAA) organizes high school football into eight distinct classes based on the size of school enrollment. Beginning with the largest, the classes are: 6A, 5A, 4A, 3A, 2A, A, B, and C. Class 6A is broken into two divisions. Oklahoma City area schools in this division include: Edmond North, Mustang, Moore, Yukon, Edmond Memorial, Edmond Santa Fe, Norman North, Westmoore, Southmoore, Putnam City North, Norman, Putnam City, Putnam City West, U.S. Grant, Midwest City.

Q1: What organization organizes High School football?
A1: Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association
Title: Tennessee
Topic: Geography and places

The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.

Q1: What government formed in 1772 is considered the forerunner of Tennessee?
A1: Watauga Association
Q2: What state held territory that would later become part of Tennessee?
A2: North Carolina
Q3: What date did Tennessee become one of the United States of America?
A3: June 1, 1796
Q4: Which was the final state to join the Confederacy before Civil War fighting started?
A4: Tennessee
Q5: Which of the Confederate states rejoined the Union first when the Civil War concluded?
A5: Tennessee
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

The state of obesity clearly contributes to insulin resistance, which in turn can cause type 2 diabetes. Virtually all obese and most type 2 diabetic individuals have marked insulin resistance. Although the association between overweight and insulin resistance is clear, the exact (likely multifarious) causes of insulin resistance remain less clear. It is important to note that it has been demonstrated that appropriate exercise, more regular food intake, and reducing glycemic load (see below) all can reverse insulin resistance in overweight individuals (and thereby lower blood sugar levels in those with type 2 diabetes).

Q1: Insulin resistance has been strongly linked to which health issue?
A1: obesity
Q2: If someone struggles with insulin resistance, what kind of diabetes can develop as a result?
A2: type 2
Q3: Almost all individuals who suffer from type 2 diabetes and/or obesity are found to have which trait?
A3: marked insulin resistance
Q4: Appropriate exercise and reducing glycemic load are two examples of ways to stimulate which process?
A4: reverse insulin resistance
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

The state seemed at relative calm compared to the rest of the country due to its close ties to the United States until 1841. In 1843 the possibility of war was anticipated by the state government and it began to reinforce the defense lines along the political boundary with Texas. Supplies of weapons were sent to fully equip the military and took steps to improve efficiency at the presidios. Later, the Regimen for the Defenders of the Border were organized by the state which were made up of: light cavalry, four squads of two brigades, and a small force of 14 men and 42 officials at the price of 160,603 pesos per year. During the beginning of the 1840s, private citizens took it upon themselves to stop the commercial caravans of supplies from the United States, but being so far away from the large suppliers in central Mexico the caravan was allowed to continue in March 1844. Continuing to anticipate a war, the state legislature on July 11, 1846 by decree enlisted 6,000 men to serve along the border; during that time Ángel Trías quickly rose to power by portraying zealous anti-American rhetoric. Trías took the opportunity to dedicate important state resources to gain economic concessions from the people and loans from many municipalities in preparation to defend the state; he used all the money he received to equip and organize a large volunteer militia. Ángel Trías took measures for state self-dependence in regards to state militia due to the diminishing financial support from the federal government.

Q1: Until what year did the state remain calm?
A1: 1841
Q2: In which year did the state begin to reinforce defense?
A2: 1843
Q3: What was the price of the small force along the border?
A3: 160,603 pesos per year
Q4: The state decreed that how many men serve along the border in 1846?
A4: 6,000
Q5: Who took measures to the state level for self-dependence due to diminishing financial support from the federal government?
A5: Ángel Trías
Title: Montana
Topic: Geography and places

The state song was not composed until 21 years after statehood, when a musical troupe led by Joseph E. Howard stopped in Butte in September 1910. A former member of the troupe who lived in Butte buttonholed Howard at an after-show party, asking him to compose a song about Montana and got another partygoer, the city editor for the Butte Miner newspaper, Charles C. Cohan, to help. The two men worked up a basic melody and lyrics in about a half-hour for the entertainment of party guests, then finished the song later that evening, with an arrangement worked up the following day. Upon arriving in Helena, Howard's troupe performed 12 encores of the new song to an enthusiastic audience and the governor proclaimed it the state song on the spot, though formal legislative recognition did not occur until 1945. Montana is one of only three states to have a "state ballad", "Montana Melody", chosen by the legislature in 1983. Montana was the first state to also adopt a State Lullaby.

Q1: When was the state song composed?
A1: 1910
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

The state united behind the Plan of Ayutla and ratified the new constitution in 1855. The state was able to survive through the Reform War with minimal damage due to the large number of liberal political figures. The 1858 conservative movement did not succeed in the state even after the successful military campaign of the conservative Zuloaga with 1,000 men occupied the cities of Chihuahua and Parral. In August 1859, Zuloaga and his forces were defeated by the liberal Orozco and his forces; Orozco soon after deposed the state governor, but had to flee to Durango two months later. In the late 1860s the conservative General Cajen briefly entered the state after his campaign through the state of Jalisco and helped establish conservative politicians and ran out the liberal leaders Jesús González Ortega and José María Patoni. Cajen took possession of the state capital and established himself as governor; he brooked no delay in uniting a large force to combat the liberal forces which he defeated in La Batalla del Gallo. Cajen attained several advantages over the liberals within the state, but soon lost his standing due to a strong resurgence of the liberal forces within the state. The successful liberal leaders José María Patoni of Durango and J.E. Muñoz of Chihuahua quickly strengthened their standing by limiting the political rights of the clergy implementing the presidential decree. The state elected General Luis Terrazas, a liberal leader, as governor; he would continue to fight small battles within the state to suppress conservative uprisings during 1861.

Q1: In which year was the new constitution ratified?
A1: 1855
Q2: The state was able to survive through which war?
A2: Reform War
Q3: The conservative movement occurred during which year?
A3: 1858
Q4: 1000 men occupied which cities?
A4: Chihuahua and Parral
Q5: Who established himself as governor?
A5: Cajen
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet "spheres of influence", anticipating potential "territorial and political rearrangements" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.

Q1: The agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up?
A1: Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland
Q2: Who invaded Poland after the Nazi’s?
A2: Soviet
Q3: Which countries were taken over by the Soviets?
A3: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania
Q4: Who broke the agreement with the invasion of Bukovina?
A4: Stalin
Q5: Salla is located in what country?
A5: Finland
Title: Intellectual_property
Topic: History

The stated objective of most intellectual property law (with the exception of trademarks) is to "Promote progress." By exchanging limited exclusive rights for disclosure of inventions and creative works, society and the patentee/copyright owner mutually benefit, and an incentive is created for inventors and authors to create and disclose their work. Some commentators have noted that the objective of intellectual property legislators and those who support its implementation appears to be "absolute protection". "If some intellectual property is desirable because it encourages innovation, they reason, more is better. The thinking is that creators will not have sufficient incentive to invent unless they are legally entitled to capture the full social value of their inventions". This absolute protection or full value view treats intellectual property as another type of "real" property, typically adopting its law and rhetoric. Other recent developments in intellectual property law, such as the America Invents Act, stress international harmonization. Recently there has also been much debate over the desirability of using intellectual property rights to protect cultural heritage, including intangible ones, as well as over risks of commodification derived from this possibility. The issue still remains open in legal scholarship.

Q1: What is the stated objective of most intellectual property law?
A1: Promote progress.
Q2: What do patents create an incentive for inventors to do?
A2: create and disclose their work
Q3: Which view treats intellectual property as another type of "real" property?
A3: absolute protection or full value
Q4: Which recent law stresses international harmonization?
A4: America Invents Act
Title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The statement that Joseph "knew her not till she brought forth her first born son" (Matthew 1:25 DouayRheims) has been debated among scholars, with some saying that she did not remain a virgin and some saying that she was a perpetual virgin. Other scholars contend that the Greek word heos (i.e., until) denotes a state up to a point, but does not mean that the state ended after that point, and that Matthew 1:25 does not confirm or deny the virginity of Mary after the birth of Jesus. According to Biblical scholar Bart Ehrman the Hebrew word almah, meaning young woman of childbearing age, was translated into Greek as parthenos, which only means virgin, in Isaiah 7:14, which is commonly believed by Christians to be the prophecy of the Virgin Mary referred to in Matthew 1:23. While Matthew and Luke give differing versions of the virgin birth, John quotes the uninitiated Philip and the disbelieving Jews gathered at Galilee referring to Joseph as Jesus's father.

Q1: Who do Christians believe is prophesized in Isaiah 7:14?
A1: Virgin Mary
Q2: What is the meaning of the Greek word "heos?"
A2: until
Q3: Which verse in Matthew is believed to refer to Isaiah's prohecy of the Virgin Mary?
A3: 1:23
Q4: Which Gospel writer provided a version of the virgin birth that was different than Matthew's?
A4: Luke
Q5: What is the English tranlation of the Greek word "parthenos?"
A5: virgin
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

The status of "language" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite example is the case of Chinese, whose variations such as Mandarin and Cantonese are often called dialects and not languages, despite their mutual unintelligibility.

Q1: What non-linguistic developments influence the status of a language?
A1: historical and political
Q2: What dialect is the language Romansh similar to?
A2: Lombardic alpine
Q3: What language are Mandarin and Cantonese sometimes considered dialects of?
A3: Chinese
Q4: Why might Mandarin and Cantonese not be regarded as dialects?
A4: mutual unintelligibility
Title: Israel
Topic: History

The status of East Jerusalem in any future peace settlement has at times been a difficult issue in negotiations between Israeli governments and representatives of the Palestinians, as Israel views it as its sovereign territory, as well as part of its capital. Most negotiations relating to the territories have been on the basis of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, which emphasises "the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war", and calls on Israel to withdraw from occupied territories in return for normalization of relations with Arab states, a principle known as "Land for peace".

Q1: Israel views East Jerusalem as what?
A1: sovereign territory
Q2: What emphasises the inadmissability of the acquisition of territory by war?
A2: United Nations Security Council Resolution 242
Q3: What is the principle of normalization of relations with Arab states?
A3: Land for peace
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of which there were many, also set out the governance and regulation of the town and port which remained the 'constitution' of the town until the local government organisation of the later Victorian period which from about 1888 saw the setting up of County Councils across England and Wales and including Hampshire County Council who now took on some of the function of Government in Southampton Town. In this regime, The Town and County of the Town of Southampton also became a county borough with shared responsibility for aspects of local government. On 24 February 1964 the status changed again by a Charter of Elizabeth II, creating the City and County of the City of Southampton.

Q1: What king's charter recognized Southampton as its own county?
A1: Charles I
Q2: What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'?
A2: 1640
Q3: What era in history saw local government begin setting up County Councils in the area?
A3: Victorian period
Q4: After 1888, which Council took over some governance of Southampton Town?
A4: Hampshire County Council
Q5: What was the year that Queen Elizabeth II's charter created the City and County of the City of Southampton?
A5: 1964
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

The stemmatic method's final step is emendatio, also sometimes referred to as "conjectural emendation." But in fact, the critic employs conjecture at every step of the process. Some of the method's rules that are designed to reduce the exercise of editorial judgment do not necessarily produce the correct result. For example, where there are more than two witnesses at the same level of the tree, normally the critic will select the dominant reading. However, it may be no more than fortuitous that more witnesses have survived that present a particular reading. A plausible reading that occurs less often may, nevertheless, be the correct one.

Q1: What is the last step in the stemmatic method?
A1: emendatio
Q2: At what point can a critic using the stemmatic become less concerned with critical analysis?
A2: the critic employs conjecture at every step of the process
Q3: Why may the dominant reading may be the weaker reading?
A3: , it may be no more than fortuitous that more witnesses have survived that present a particular reading
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration, which means that information is not retained indefinitely. By contrast, long-term memory can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration (sometimes a whole life span). Its capacity is immeasurable. For example, given a random seven-digit number we may remember it for only a few seconds before forgetting, suggesting it was stored in our short-term memory. On the other hand, we can remember telephone numbers for many years through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory.

Q1: Why can't some memories be held onto forever?
A1: The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration
Q2: If a memory that is stored in with long term-memories, how long can you possibly rememeber it?
A2: sometimes a whole life span)
Q3: What is the capacity of long term memory?
A3: capacity is immeasurable
Q4: If you knew a telephone number one week ago, but have forgotten it now, where was this memory stored?
A4: in our short-term memory
Title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess
Topic: Video games

The story focuses on series protagonist Link, who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm. To do so, he takes the form of both a Hylian and a wolf, and is assisted by a mysterious creature named Midna. The game takes place hundreds of years after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, in an alternate timeline from The Wind Waker.

Q1: Who is the main character of the story?
A1: Link
Q2: What land does Link serve to protect?
A2: Hyrule
Q3: What character helped Link in Twilight Princess?
A3: Midna
Q4: Who is the protagonist is Legend of Zelda?
A4: Link
Q5: What is the name of the mysterious creature that assists Link?
A5: Midna
Q6: This storyline takes place alternate from what storyline?
A6: The Wind Waker
Title: Spectre_(2015_film)
Topic: Media and drama

The story sees Bond pitted against the global criminal organisation Spectre, marking the group's first appearance in an Eon Productions film since 1971's Diamonds Are Forever,[N 2] and tying Craig's series of films together with an overarching storyline. Several recurring James Bond characters, including M, Q and Eve Moneypenny return, with the new additions of Léa Seydoux as Dr. Madeleine Swann, Dave Bautista as Mr. Hinx, Andrew Scott as Max Denbigh and Monica Bellucci as Lucia Sciarra.

Q1: What group is the enemy of the protagonist?
A1: Spectre
Q2: Which movie was Spectre originally featured in?
A2: Diamonds Are Forever
Q3: Which three personalities from previous films appear in Spectre?
A3: M, Q and Eve Moneypenny
Q4: Which actor plays the role of Mr. Hinx?
A4: Dave Bautista
Q5: What role is performed by Monica Bellucci?
A5: Lucia Sciarra
Q6: Which recurring James Bond characters appear in Spectre?
A6: M, Q and Eve Moneypenny
Q7: What actress portrays Dr. Madeleine Swann in Spectre?
A7: Léa Seydoux
Q8: What actor portrays Mr. Hinx in Spectre?
A8: Dave Bautista
Q9: When was Diamonds are Forever released?
A9: 1971
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

The story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur "Boo" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person.

Q1: Where is the setting for To Kill a Mockingbird?
A1: Maycomb, Alabama
Q2: How many years does the story of To Kill a Mockingbird take place?
A2: three
Q3: How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have?
A3: two
Q4: Atticus Finch's children make friends with whom during the story?
A4: Dill
Q5: What is the name of the town the story takes place in?
A5: Maycomb, Alabama
Q6: In what historical era does the book take place?
A6: the Great Depression
Q7: Who is the main character of the book?
A7: Jean Louise Finch (Scout)
Title: Warsaw_Pact
Topic: History

The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the Soviet Union to dominate Central and Eastern Europe. This policy was driven by ideological and geostrategic reasons. Ideologically, the Soviet Union arrogated the right to define socialism and communism and act as the leader of the global socialist movement. A corollary to this idea was the necessity of intervention if a country appeared to be violating core socialist ideas and Communist Party functions, which was explicitly stated in the Brezhnev Doctrine. Geostrategic principles also drove the Soviet Union to prevent invasion of its territory by Western European powers.

Q1: Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe?
A1: socialism and communism
Q2: Which Soviet leader formed doctrine aimed at keeping socialist satellite nations in line?
A2: Brezhnev
Q3: The Soviet Union feared invasion from which potential enemy?
A3: Western Europe
Title: Old_English
Topic: Language and literature

The strength of the Viking influence on Old English appears from the fact that the indispensable elements of the language - pronouns, modals, comparatives, pronominal adverbs (like "hence" and "together"), conjunctions and prepositions - show the most marked Danish influence; the best evidence of Scandinavian influence appears in the extensive word borrowings for, as Jespersen indicates, no texts exist in either Scandinavia or in Northern England from this time to give certain evidence of an influence on syntax. The change to Old English from Old Norse was substantive, pervasive, and of a democratic character. Old Norse and Old English resembled each other closely like cousins and with some words in common, they roughly understood each other; in time the inflections melted away and the analytic pattern emerged. It is most “important to recognize that in many words the English and Scandinavian language differed chiefly in their inflectional elements. The body of the word was so nearly the same in the two languages that only the endings would put obstacles in the way of mutual understanding. In the mixed population which existed in the Danelaw these endings must have led to much confusion, tending gradually to become obscured and finally lost.” This blending of peoples and languages happily resulted in “simplifying English grammar.”

Q1: What language influenced Old English as a result of the Viking invasions?
A1: Danish
Q2: What language was spoken in Northern England after the Viking invasions?
A2: Old Norse
Q3: Between the English and Scandinavian language, what elements were most different?
A3: inflectional
Title: George_VI
Topic: History

The stress of the war had taken its toll on the King's health, exacerbated by his heavy smoking and subsequent development of lung cancer among other ailments, including arteriosclerosis and thromboangiitis obliterans. A planned tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed after the King suffered an arterial blockage in his right leg, which threatened the loss of the leg and was treated with a right lumbar sympathectomy in March 1949. His elder daughter Elizabeth, the heir presumptive, took on more royal duties as her father's health deteriorated. The delayed tour was re-organised, with Elizabeth and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, taking the place of the King and Queen. The King was well enough to open the Festival of Britain in May 1951, but on 23 September 1951, his left lung was removed by Clement Price Thomas after a malignant tumour was found. In October 1951, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh went on a month-long tour of Canada; the trip had been delayed for a week due to the King's illness. At the State Opening of Parliament in November, the King's speech from the throne was read for him by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Simonds. His Christmas broadcast of 1951 was recorded in sections, and then edited together.

Q1: What kind of cancer did the King develop?
A1: lung cancer
Q2: What developed in the King's right leg that prevented him from touring Australia?
A2: arterial blockage
Q3: What treatment helped prevent the loss of the King's right leg?
A3: right lumbar sympathectomy
Q4: Who was the King's heir presumptive?
A4: Elizabeth
Q5: Who was Elizabeth's spouse?
A5: Duke of Edinburgh
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

The strictest definition of "plant" includes only the "land plants" or embryophytes, which include seed plants (gymnosperms, including the pines, and flowering plants) and the free-sporing cryptogams including ferns, clubmosses, liverworts, hornworts and mosses. Embryophytes are multicellular eukaryotes descended from an ancestor that obtained its energy from sunlight by photosynthesis. They have life cycles with alternating haploid and diploid phases. The sexual haploid phase of embryophytes, known as the gametophyte, nurtures the developing diploid embryo sporophyte within its tissues for at least part of its life, even in the seed plants, where the gametophyte itself is nurtured by its parent sporophyte. Other groups of organisms that were previously studied by botanists include bacteria (now studied in bacteriology), fungi (mycology) – including lichen-forming fungi (lichenology), non-chlorophyte algae (phycology), and viruses (virology). However, attention is still given to these groups by botanists, and fungi (including lichens) and photosynthetic protists are usually covered in introductory botany courses.

Q1: What is the scientific name for seed plants?
A1: gymnosperms
Q2: What is the study of algae called?
A2: phycology
Q3: What two phases are included in the life cycles of embryophytes?
A3: haploid and diploid
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon. In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the "Philadelphia Order". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs. Philadelphia was selected as the test case because, as Assistant Secretary of Labor Arthur Fletcher explained, "The craft unions and the construction industry are among the most egregious offenders against equal opportunity laws . . . openly hostile toward letting blacks into their closed circle." The order included definite "goals and timetables." As President Nixon asserted, "We would not impose quotas, but would require federal contractors to show 'affirmative action' to meet the goals of increasing minority employment."

Q1: Who followed in Johnson's footsteps in terms of ensuring equal opportunity?
A1: his successor Nixon
Q2: Which piece of legislation was begun in 1969?
A2: Philadelphia Order
Q3: Which industry of jobs did the legislation target?
A3: construction
Q4: Aside from the construction industry, which other group was one of the main offenders against equal opportunity laws?
A4: craft unions
Q5: Who held the position of Assistant Secretary of Labor?
A5: Arthur Fletcher
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The strongest contribution of the French Academies to the public sphere comes from the concours académiques (roughly translated as 'academic contests') they sponsored throughout France. These academic contests were perhaps the most public of any institution during the Enlightenment. The practice of contests dated back to the Middle Ages, and was revived in the mid-17th century. The subject matter had previously been generally religious and/or monarchical, featuring essays, poetry, and painting. By roughly 1725, however, this subject matter had radically expanded and diversified, including "royal propaganda, philosophical battles, and critical ruminations on the social and political institutions of the Old Regime." Topics of public controversy were also discussed such as the theories of Newton and Descartes, the slave trade, women's education, and justice in France.

Q1: The practice of contests dates back to what time period?
A1: Middle Ages
Q2: Previous to 1725, what subject matter was focused on by the concours academiques?
A2: generally religious and/or monarchical
Q3: Which topics of public controversy became more widely discussed around 1725?
A3: theories of Newton and Descartes, the slave trade, women's education, and justice
Q4: Were the concours academiques public or private matters?
A4: public
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in Time was called "tactile brilliance". Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, "Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition." Lee combines the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a "delightfully deceptive" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children as sheltered as Scout and Jem could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson's life.

Q1: What is Lee's strongest style of writing?
A1: narration
Q2: What narrative technique does Lee use to combine the adult's perspective with the child's observations??
A2: flashback
Title: Virgil
Topic: Language and literature

The structure known as "Virgil's tomb" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as "grotta vecchia") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli. While Virgil was already the object of literary admiration and veneration before his death, in the Middle Ages his name became associated with miraculous powers, and for a couple of centuries his tomb was the destination of pilgrimages and veneration.

Q1: During which time period did Virgil's name become associated with miraclous powers?
A1: Middle Ages
Q2: In which district is "Virgil's tomb" located?
A2: Piedigrotta
Q3: What is the entrance of the ancient Roman tunnel where "Virgil's tomb" is located also called?
A3: grotta vecchia
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

The structure of Bern's city centre is largely medieval and has been recognised by UNESCO as a Cultural World Heritage Site. Perhaps its most famous sight is the Zytglogge (Bernese German for "Time Bell"), an elaborate medieval clock tower with moving puppets. It also has an impressive 15th century Gothic cathedral, the Münster, and a 15th-century town hall. Thanks to 6 kilometres (4 miles) of arcades, the old town boasts one of the longest covered shopping promenades in Europe.

Q1: The structure of Bern's city centre is mainly what type of buildings?
A1: medieval
Q2: What does UNESCO recognised Bern's city center to be?
A2: a Cultural World Heritage Site
Q3: What is Berns most famous site?
A3: Zytglogge
Q4: What is the name of the 15th century cathedral?
A4: Münster
Q5: What type of cathedral is Muster?
A5: Gothic
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine forming an exciton that excites a QD. This scheme is commonly studied for quantum dot display. The tunability of emission wavelengths and narrow bandwidth is also beneficial as excitation sources for fluorescence imaging. Fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) utilizing an integrated QD-LED has been demonstrated.

Q1: What is one scheme of Quantum Dot excitation?
A1: electrical-excitation
Q2: What is one material used in electrical-excitation?
A2: hole-transporting materials
Q3: During the electrical-excitation scheme, what moves into the quantum dot layer?
A3: electrons and holes
Q4: A Quantum Dot LED has been used in what?
A4: near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

The structure of a gene consists of many elements of which the actual protein coding sequence is often only a small part. These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA.

Q1: Often, how large a part of the structure of a gene is the protein coding sequence?
A1: often only a small part
Q2: What often plays only a small part in the structure of a gene? 
A2: the actual protein coding sequence
Q3: What is one of the many elements that the structure of a gene consists of?
A3: DNA regions that are not transcribed
Q4: What is another element of the structure of a gene?
A4: untranslated regions of the RNA
Q5: What elements does the structure of a gene consist of?
A5: DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

The structure of a mosque is simple and it expresses openness. Calligraphic inscriptions from the Quran decorate mosques and mausoleums in Punjab. The inscriptions on bricks and tiles of the mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam (1320 AD) at Multan are outstanding specimens of architectural calligraphy. The earliest existing building in South Asia with enamelled tile-work is the tomb of Shah Yusuf Gardezi (1150 AD) at Multan. A specimen of the sixteenth century tile-work at Lahore is the tomb of Sheikh Musa Ahangar, with its brilliant blue dome. The tile-work of Emperor Shah Jahan is of a richer and more elaborate nature. The pictured wall of Lahore Fort is the last line in the tile-work in the entire world.

Q1: What kind of inscriptions decorate Punjab's burial places?
A1: Calligraphic inscriptions from the Quran
Q2: When did Rukn-e-Alam die?
A2: 1320 AD
Q3: When did Gardezi die?
A3: 1150 AD
Q4: When was Ahangar's tomb built?
A4: sixteenth century
Q5: What color tile was used in Ahangar's tomb?
A5: blue
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

The structure of hardwoods is more complex. The water conducting capability is mostly taken care of by vessels: in some cases (oak, chestnut, ash) these are quite large and distinct, in others (buckeye, poplar, willow) too small to be seen without a hand lens. In discussing such woods it is customary to divide them into two large classes, ring-porous and diffuse-porous.

Q1: Is the structure of hardwood simple or complex?
A1: complex
Q2: What handles most of the water conduction in hardwoods?
A2: vessels
Q3: Are the vessels in chestnut wood large or small?
A3: large
Q4: In wood from a willow tree, what would you need to use to see the tiny vessels?
A4: a hand lens
Q5: Besides ring-porous, what's the other class hardwoods are often divided into?
A5: diffuse-porous
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

The structure of the Swiss militia system stipulates that the soldiers keep their Army issued equipment, including all personal weapons, at home. Some organizations and political parties find this practice controversial but mainstream Swiss opinion is in favour of the system. Compulsory military service concerns all male Swiss citizens; women can serve voluntarily. Men usually receive military conscription orders for training at the age of 18. About two thirds of the young Swiss are found suited for service; for those found unsuited, various forms of alternative service exist. Annually, approximately 20,000 persons are trained in recruit centres for a duration from 18 to 21 weeks. The reform "Army XXI" was adopted by popular vote in 2003, it replaced the previous model "Army 95", reducing the effectives from 400,000 to about 200,000. Of those, 120,000 are active in periodic Army training and 80,000 are non-training reserves.

Q1: Where do Swiss militia keep their Army issued equipment?
A1: at home
Q2: Who has compulsory military service in Switzerland?
A2: all male Swiss citizens
Q3: Who can serve in the Swiss military voluntarily?
A3: women
Q4: What replaced Army 95 in 2003?
A4: Army XXI
Q5: In Army XXI, how many are active in periodic army training?
A5: 120,000
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole. A federal upper house may be based on a special scheme of apportionment, as is the case in the senates of the United States and Australia, where each state is represented by an equal number of senators irrespective of the size of its population.

Q1: What does the structures of the federal government incorporate?
A1: mechanisms to protect the rights of component states
Q2: What is one method to protect the rights of the component states?
A2: intrastate federalism
Q3: What is intrastate federalism?
A3: is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions
Q4: What is a bicameral legislature?
A4: the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupied much of Western Iran, and fully withdrew in 1921. The Persian Campaign commenced furthermore during World War I in Northwestern Iran after an Ottoman invasion, as part of the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I. As a result of Ottoman hostilities across the border, a large amount of the Assyrians of Iran were massacred by the Ottoman armies, notably in and around Urmia. Apart from the rule of Aqa Mohammad Khan, the Qajar rule is characterized as a century of misrule.

Q1: The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year?
A1: until 1911
Q2: Who was defeated and forced to abdicate at the end of the Iranian constitutional movement?
A2: Mohammad Ali Shah
Q3: In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext?
A3: restoring order
Q4: The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year?
A4: 1921
Q5: Who massacred many Assyrian Iranians around Urmia during World War 1?
A5: Ottoman armies
Title: Jews
Topic: History

The studies also show that the Sephardic Bnei Anusim (descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism) of Iberia (estimated at about 19.8% of modern Iberia) and Ibero-America (estimated at least 10% of modern Ibero-America) have Sephardic Jewish origins within the last few centuries, while the Bene Israel and Cochin Jews of India, Beta Israel of Ethiopia, and a portion of the Lemba people of Southern Africa, despite more closely resembling the local populations of their native countries, also have some more remote ancient Jewish descent.

Q1: What are Sephardic Bnei Anusim?
A1: descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism
Q2: Who are descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism?
A2: Sephardic Bnei Anusim
Q3: What percentage of Iberians are Sephardic Bnei Anusim?
A3: 19.8%