LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

Stars, planets, and moons keep their atmospheres by gravitational attraction, and as such, atmospheres have no clearly delineated boundary: the density of atmospheric gas simply decreases with distance from the object. The Earth's atmospheric pressure drops to about 6998320000000000000♠3.2×10−2 Pa at 100 kilometres (62 mi) of altitude, the Kármán line, which is a common definition of the boundary with outer space. Beyond this line, isotropic gas pressure rapidly becomes insignificant when compared to radiation pressure from the Sun and the dynamic pressure of the solar winds, so the definition of pressure becomes difficult to interpret. The thermosphere in this range has large gradients of pressure, temperature and composition, and varies greatly due to space weather. Astrophysicists prefer to use number density to describe these environments, in units of particles per cubic centimetre.

Q1: `Why does thermosphere past the Karman line vary so greatly?
A1: due to space weather
Q2: What is commonly known as the boundary of outer space?
A2: the Kármán line
Q3: What do Astrophysicists use to describe outer space beyond the karman line?
A3: number density
Q4: What is more significant than isotropic gas pressure past the Karman line?
A4: radiation pressure from the Sun and the dynamic pressure of the solar winds
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November, almost two-thirds of the year. The 2007 US change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start and end dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October, and Congress retains the right to go back to the previous dates now that an energy-consumption study has been done. Proponents for permanently retaining November as the month for ending DST point to Halloween as a reason to delay the change in order to allow extra daylight for the evening of October 31.

Q1: What year did the European Union standardize their Summer Time?
A1: 1996
Q2: European Summer Time begins in March and ends in what month?
A2: October
Q3: What act in the U.S. brought about the 2007 change in DST policy?
A3: the Energy Policy Act of 2005
Q4: What government body is allowed to change the DST policy in the United States back to the dates observed from 1987 to 2006?
A4: Congress
Q5: Supporters of the November end to DST name what U.S. holiday as the justification for keeping the change through the end of October?
A5: Halloween
Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Topic: Geography and places

Starting as a fishing outpost for European fishermen, St. John's consisted mostly of the homes of fishermen, sheds, storage shacks, and wharves constructed out of wood. Like many other cities of the time, as the Industrial Revolution took hold and new methods and materials for construction were introduced, the landscape changed as the city grew in width and height. The Great Fire of 1892 destroyed most of the downtown core, and most residential and other wood-frame buildings date from this period.

Q1: What are wharves in St. John's constructed out of?
A1: wood
Q2: In what year was the Great Fire?
A2: 1892
Q3: What was the most affected area of The Great Fire of 1892?
A3: downtown core
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating specialized tools, like fishing nets and hooks and bone harpoons. The transition into the subsequent Neolithic period is chiefly defined by the unprecedented development of nascent agricultural practices. Agriculture originated and spread in several different areas including the Middle East, Asia, Mesoamerica, and the Andes beginning as early as 12,000 years ago.

Q1: During what period did hunter-gatherers begin to focus food collection on a more limited range?
A1: Middle to Upper Paleolithic
Q2: How many years ago did hunting-gatherers start specializing in their collection practices?
A2: 80,000 to 70,000 years ago
Q3: What was the change in gathering?
A3: a smaller selection
Q4: When did the use of agriculture begin it's spread?
A4: 12,000 years ago
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Starting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—rejected Kublai's invitation, so instead Kublai invited Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280), successor and nephew of Sakya Pandita, who came to his court in 1253. Kublai instituted a unique relationship with the Phagpa lama, which recognized Kublai as a superior sovereign in political affairs and the Phagpa lama as the senior instructor to Kublai in religious affairs. Kublai also made Drogön Chögyal Phagpa the director of the government agency known as the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs and the ruling priest-king of Tibet, which comprised thirteen different states ruled by myriarchies.

Q1: How many states were ruled by myriarchies?
A1: thirteen
Q2: What title did prince Kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294?
A2: Khagan
Q3: Who was the superior of prince Kublai?
A3: Ögedei Khan
Q4: Who became the second Karmapa Lama?
A4: Karma Pakshi
Q5: With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with? 
A5: the Phagpa lama
Title: United_States_Army
Topic: History

Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, Mexico was having a civil war, peasant rebels fighting government soldiers. The army was deployed to American towns near the border to ensure safety to lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and other allies. U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces.

Q1: In what year did the army start using fixed-wing aircraft?
A1: 1910
Q2: Who attacked New Mexico in 1916?
A2: Pancho Villa
Q3: What year did the U.S. join World War I?
A3: 1917
Q4: What date did the U.S. intervention in New Mexico end?
A4: 7 February 1917
Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States
Topic: History

Starting in 1940 (18 months before Pearl Harbor), the nation mobilized, giving high priority to air power. American involvement in World War II in 1940–41 was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China. The U.S. entered officially on 8 December 1941 following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Japanese forces soon seized American, Dutch, and British possessions across the Pacific and Southeast Asia, except for Australia, which became a main American forward base along with Hawaii.

Q1: What was the American priority in mobilization prior to entering World War II?
A1: air power
Q2: When did the US officially enter World War II?
A2: 8 December 1941
Q3: What event led to America entering the war?
A3: the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Q4: At the start of the conflict with the Allies, what did Japan do?
A4: seized American, Dutch, and British possessions across the Pacific and Southeast Asia
Q5: What country served as an American forward base to wage war with Japan?
A5: Australia
Title: Alaska
Topic: Geography and places

Starting in 1982, dividends from the fund's annual growth have been paid out each year to eligible Alaskans, ranging from an initial $1,000 in 1982 (equal to three years' payout, as the distribution of payments was held up in a lawsuit over the distribution scheme) to $3,269 in 2008 (which included a one-time $1,200 "Resource Rebate"). Every year, the state legislature takes out 8% from the earnings, puts 3% back into the principal for inflation proofing, and the remaining 5% is distributed to all qualifying Alaskans. To qualify for the Permanent Fund Dividend, one must have lived in the state for a minimum of 12 months, maintain constant residency subject to allowable absences, and not be subject to court judgments or criminal convictions which fall under various disqualifying classifications or may subject the payment amount to civil garnishment.

Q1: How long must an Alaskan have lived in the state in order to receive a Permanent Fund Dividend?
A1: minimum of 12 months
Q2: What percentage of the Permanent Fund is divided betwen Alaska's eligible residents?
A2: 5%
Q3: When did disembursements from the Permanent Fund begin?
A3: 1982
Q4: How much was the initial disembursement from the Permanent Fund?
A4: $1,000
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

Starting in 1984, some of these DJs, inspired by Jesse Saunders' success with "On and On", tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions. These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders' song, but the edited, enhanced styles of disco and other dance music they already favored. These homegrown productions were played on Chicago-area radio and in local discothèques catering mainly to African-American and gay audiences. By 1985, although the exact origins of the term are debated, "house music" encompassed these locally produced recordings. Subgenres of house, including deep house and acid house, quickly emerged and gained traction.

Q1: when was jesse saunders' "on and on" a hit?
A1: 1984
Q2: what type of audience was early disco and dance catered to?
A2: African-American and gay audiences
Q3: what year was house music first used as a genre?
A3: 1985
Q4: what were two big subgenres of house music?
A4: deep house and acid house
Q5: what area radio was house music generally played on?
A5: Chicago-area radio
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Starting in 2002, Apple moved to eliminate CRT displays from its product line as part of aesthetic design and space-saving measures with the iMac G4. However, the new iMac with its flexible LCD flat-panel monitor was considerably more expensive on its debut than the preceding iMac G3, largely due to the higher cost of the LCD technology at the time. In order to keep the Macintosh affordable for the education market and due to obsolescence of the iMac G3, Apple created the eMac in April 2002 as the intended successor; however the eMac's CRT made it relatively bulky and somewhat outdated, while its all-in-one construction meant it could not be expanded to meet consumer demand for larger monitors. The iMac G4's relatively high prices were approaching that of laptops which were portable and had higher resolution LCD screens. Meanwhile, Windows PC manufacturers could offer desktop configurations with LCD flat panel monitors at prices comparable to the eMac and at much lower cost than the iMac G4. The flop of the Power Mac G4 Cube, along with the more expensive iMac G4 and heavy eMac, meant that Macintosh desktop sales never reached the market share attained by the previous iMac G3. For the next half-decade while Macintosh sales held steady, it would instead be the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service that would drive Apple's sales growth.

Q1: What did Apple begin to eliminate in 2002?
A1: CRT displays
Q2: Why was the new iMac G4 considerably more expensive than the G3?
A2: higher cost of the LCD technology
Q3: Who did Apple create the more affordable eMac in April 2002 for?
A3: the education market
Q4: What was the main problem with the eMac's CRT?
A4: relatively bulky and somewhat outdated
Q5: After Apple's failed desktop sales, what products drove their sales growth?
A5: the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Starting in 2006, Apple's industrial design shifted to favor aluminum, which was used in the construction of the first MacBook Pro. Glass was added in 2008 with the introduction of the unibody MacBook Pro. These materials are billed as environmentally friendly. The iMac, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini lines currently all use aluminum enclosures, and are now made of a single unibody. Chief designer Jonathan Ive continues to guide products towards a minimalist and simple feel, including eliminating of replaceable batteries in notebooks. Multi-touch gestures from the iPhone's interface have been applied to the Mac line in the form of touch pads on notebooks and the Magic Mouse and Magic Trackpad for desktops.

Q1: When did Apple begin to favor aluminum in their design?
A1: 2006
Q2: Which Mac used aluminum in it's construction?
A2: MacBook Pro
Q3: Which material did Apple add with the 2008 unibody MacBrook Pro?
A3: Glass
Q4: Are aluminum and glass considered to be environmentally friendly or environmentally harmful?
A4: environmentally friendly
Q5: What has Chief Designer Jonathan Ive been able to eliminate in Mac notebooks?
A5: replaceable batteries
Title: Comprehensive_school
Topic: Social sciences and society

Starting in 2010/2011, Hauptschulen were merged with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen to form a new type of comprehensive school in the German States of Berlin and Hamburg, called Stadtteilschule in Hamburg and Sekundarschule in Berlin (see: Education in Berlin, Education in Hamburg).

Q1: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg?
A1: Stadtteilschule
Q2: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Berlin?
A2: Sekundarschule
Q3: In what school year were Hauptschulen first combined with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen?
A3: 2010/2011
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

Starting in 2014, ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners, with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN. ArenaBowl XXVII was also broadcast on ESPN. Most teams also have a local TV station broadcast their games locally and all games are available on local radio.

Q1: Who was the Arena Football League's 2014 broadcast partner?
A1: ESPN
Q2: What app were Arena Football League games broadcast on in 2014?
A2: WatchESPN
Q3: Along with the ESPN networks, on what network were 2014 AFL games broadcast?
A3: CBS Sports Network
Q4: On what channel could one watch ArenaBowl XXVII live?
A4: ESPN
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

Starting in mid-June 1944, Iwo Jima came under sustained aerial bombardment and naval artillery fire. However, Kuribayashi's hidden guns and defenses survived the constant bombardment virtually unscathed. On 19 February 1945, some 30,000 men of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Marine Divisions landed on the southeast coast of Iwo, just under Mount Suribachi; where most of the island's defenses were concentrated. For some time, they did not come under fire. This was part of Kuribayashi's plan to hold fire until the landing beaches were full. As soon as the Marines pushed inland to a line of enemy bunkers, they came under devastating machine gun and artillery fire which cut down many of the men. By the end of the day, the Marines reached the west coast of the island, but their losses were appalling; almost 2,000 men killed or wounded.

Q1: When did Iwo Jima come under bombardment?
A1: mid-June 1944
Q2: How many men landed on Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945?
A2: some 30,000
Q3: What was the name of the mountain on Iwo Jima?
A3: Mount Suribachi
Q4: How many U.S. Marines were killed by the time thhey reached the west coast of the island?
A4: almost 2,000
Title: Alaska
Topic: Geography and places

Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska. Alaska was officially incorporated as an organized territory in 1912. Alaska's capital, which had been in Sitka until 1906, was moved north to Juneau. Construction of the Alaska Governor's Mansion began that same year. European immigrants from Norway and Sweden also settled in southeast Alaska, where they entered the fishing and logging industries.

Q1: What event brought thousands of people to Alaska in the 1890s to early 1910s?
A1: gold rushes
Q2: What year was Alaska officially incorporated as a territory?
A2: 1912
Q3: In what year was Alaska's capital officially changed to Juneau?
A3: 1906
Q4: Which industries did European settlers in Alaska begin?
A4: fishing and logging
Q5: From what countries were European settlers in Alaska?
A5: Norway and Sweden
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

Starting in the 1970s, the Bronx often symbolized violence, decay, and urban ruin. The wave of arson in the South Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s inspired the observation that "The Bronx is burning": in 1974 it was the title of both a New York Times editorial and a BBC documentary film. The line entered the pop-consciousness with Game Two of the 1977 World Series, when a fire broke out near Yankee Stadium as the team was playing the Los Angeles Dodgers. Numerous fires had previously broken out in the Bronx prior to this fire. As the fire was captured on live television, announcer Howard Cosell is wrongly remembered to have said something like, "There it is, ladies and gentlemen: the Bronx is burning". Historians of New York City frequently point to Cosell's remark as an acknowledgement of both the city and the borough's decline. A new feature-length documentary film by Edwin Pagan called Bronx Burning is in production in 2006, chronicling what led up to the numerous arson-for-insurance fraud fires of the 1970s in the borough.

Q1: Where was arson a big problem in the Bronx?
A1: the South Bronx
Q2: When was the phrase "The Bronx is burning" first widespread?
A2: 1974
Q3: Who made a documentary called "The Bronx is burning"?
A3: BBC
Q4: Who published an editorial called "The Bronx is burning"?
A4: New York Times
Q5: Who made a film called 'Bronx Burning'?
A5: Edwin Pagan
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional.

Q1: What was the name of Gaddafi's female bodyguard?
A1: Amazonian Guard
Q2: In what decade was Gaddafi first accompanied by his female bodyguard?
A2: 1980s
Q3: What is Halyna Kolotnytska's nationality?
A3: Ukrainian
Q4: What is the profession of Halyna Kolotnytska?
A4: nurse
Q5: What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska?
A5: professional
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the "ascending room". It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown.

Q1: For which industry were elevators first used?
A1: coal mines
Q2: In the mid 1800s what were elevators fueled by?
A2: steam power
Q3: What were elevators originally built for?
A3: moving goods in bulk in mines and factories
Q4: Who built the "ascending room", in 1823?
A4: Burton and Hormer
Q5: The "ascending room" gave customers a view of what city's downtown?
A5: London
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

Starting in the mid-1990s, Valencia, formerly an industrial centre, saw rapid development that expanded its cultural and touristic possibilities, and transformed it into a newly vibrant city. Many local landmarks were restored, including the ancient Towers of the medieval city (Serrano Towers and Quart Towers), and the San Miguel de los Reyes monastery, which now holds a conservation library. Whole sections of the old city, for example the Carmen Quarter, have been extensively renovated. The Paseo Marítimo, a 4 km (2 mi) long palm tree-lined promenade was constructed along the beaches of the north side of the port (Playa Las Arenas, Playa Cabañal and Playa de la Malvarrosa).

Q1: What promenade was built north of Valencia's port?
A1: The Paseo Marítimo
Q2: How long is the Paseo Maritimo?
A2: 4 km (2 mi)
Q3: What Valencian landmark contains a conservation library?
A3: San Miguel de los Reyes monastery
Q4: When did Valencia's rapid development begin?
A4: the mid-1990s
Q5: What is an example of a section of Valencia that was majorly renovated?
A5: the Carmen Quarter
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Starting on 30 April 1916, Germany and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST (German: Sommerzeit) as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year and the United States adopted it in 1918.

Q1: What year did Germany decide to try DST?
A1: 1916
Q2: What is the German word for Daylight Saving Time?
A2: Sommerzeit
Q3: What natural resource were Germany and Austria-Hungary trying to conserve by using DST?
A3: coal
Q4: What year did the United States get on board with DST?
A4: 1918
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality, without resorting to the supernatural or alleged divine authority from religious texts. For liberal humanists such as Rousseau and Kant, the universal law of reason guided the way toward total emancipation from any kind of tyranny. These ideas were challenged, for example by the young Karl Marx, who criticized the project of political emancipation (embodied in the form of human rights), asserting it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose. For Friedrich Nietzsche, humanism was nothing more than a secular version of theism. In his Genealogy of Morals, he argues that human rights exist as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong. On this view, such rights do not facilitate emancipation of life, but rather deny it. In the 20th century, the notion that human beings are rationally autonomous was challenged by the concept that humans were driven by unconscious irrational desires.

Q1: When was the enlightenment of spiritual philosophy challenged?
A1: in various quarters around the 1900s.
Q2: What were Humanist ethical philosophy's developed from?
A2: earlier secular traditions
Q3: Why did Kari Marx criticize Humanist Philosophy's? 
A3: it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose
Q4: What did Friedrinch Netzsche consider Humanism to be?
A4: a secular version of theism
Q5: Why does Friedrinch Netzsche believe human rights exist?
A5: as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong.
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947–49 and 1953–55, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions during this period were Charles A. Halleck who became Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 1959 to 1965, Hale Boggs who died in a plane crash, and Dick Gephardt who became the Democrats' House leader but as Minority Leader since his party lost control in the 1994 midterm elections. Since 1995, the only Majority Leader to become Speaker is John Boehner, though indirectly as his party lost control in the 2006 midterms elections. He subsequently served as Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 2007 to 2011 and then was elected Speaker when the House reconvened in 2011. In 1998, with Speaker Newt Gingrich announcing his resignation, both Majority Leader Dick Armey and Majority Whip Tom DeLay did not contest the Speakership which eventually went to Chief Deputy Whip Dennis Hastert.

Q1: What republican majority leader died in a plane crash?
A1: Hale Boggs
Q2: Since 1995 who is the only majority leader to become speaker?
A2: John Boehner
Q3: Who succeeded Newt Gingrich as Speaker?
A3: Dennis Hastert
Q4: Between majority leader and speaker what roles did Boehner have?
A4: Republican House leader and Minority Leader from 2007 to 2011
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light.

Q1: Where do State Banquets take place?
A1: the Ballroom
Q2: In what month does the Queen entertain the diplomatic corps?
A2: November
Q3: What is used to set the dining table for formal dinners?
A3: the Grand Service
Q4: When was the Grand Service made?
A4: 1811
Q5: For whom was the Grand Service made?
A5: the Prince of Wales
Q6: Where do state banquets take place?
A6: in the Ballroom
Q7: When are state banquets held?
A7: the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state
Q8: What is the dining table laid with for state banquets?
A8: the Grand Service
Q9: Who was the Grand Service originally made for?
A9: Prince of Wales
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

State law codifies Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions; the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations. Currently the State Senate is waiting to vote on a change to the state's motto. The House passed HCR 1024, which will change the state motto from "Labor Omnia Vincit" to "Oklahoma-In God We Trust!" The author of the resolution stated that a constituent researched the Oklahoma Constitution and found no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit", therefore opening the door for an entirely new motto.

Q1: What state House bill would change Oklahoma's motto to 'Oklahoma - In God We Trust'?
A1: HCR 1024
Q2: What was Oklahoma's state motto, before the state House bill might change it?
A2: Labor Omnia Vincit
Q3: Why did the state House think they could change Oklahoma's motto?
A3: no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit"
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

State schools are generally seen as equivalent in quality of education to private-sector institutions. However, the value of a state high-school diploma is limited by the fact that the grades obtained account for only around 25% of the final grade for each topic, with the remaining 75% assigned by the teacher during the semester, in a minimally transparent way. Cypriot universities (like universities in Greece) ignore high school grades almost entirely for admissions purposes. While a high-school diploma is mandatory for university attendance, admissions are decided almost exclusively on the basis of scores at centrally administered university entrance examinations that all university candidates are required to take.

Q1: What do Cypriot universities ignore when looking at admission?
A1: high school grades
Q2: What is required for university attendance?
A2: high-school diploma
Q3: What plays a large factor in determining admission at a university?
A3: university entrance examinations
Q4: What percentage do grades obtained account for in a students final grade?
A4: 25%
Title: Somerset
Topic: Geography and places

State schools in Somerset are provided by three local education authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, and the larger Somerset County Council. All state schools are comprehensive. In some areas primary, infant and junior schools cater for ages four to eleven, after which the pupils move on to secondary schools. There is a three-tier system of first, middle and upper schools in the Cheddar Valley, and in West Somerset, while most other schools in the county use the two-tier system. Somerset has 30 state and 17 independent secondary schools; Bath and North East Somerset has 13 state and 5 independent secondary schools; and North Somerset has 10 state and 2 independent secondary schools, excluding sixth form colleges.

Q1: What are the  state schools in somerset 
A1: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, and the larger Somerset County Council
Q2: What are the 3 tiers of school 
A2: a three-tier system of first, middle and upper schools in the Cheddar Valley, and in West Somerset
Q3: How many state and independent secondary  schools in Somerset 
A3: Somerset has 30 state and 17 independent secondary schools
Title: Alaska
Topic: Geography and places

Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate. Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. Statehood supporters also found themselves fighting major battles against political foes, mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska. Statehood was approved by Congress on July 7, 1958. Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959.

Q1: On what day was Alaskan Statehood finally approved by Congress?
A1: July 7, 1958
Q2: On what day was Alaska officially named a state?
A2: January 3, 1959
Q3: What cause did James Wickersham focus on in his early Congressional tenure?
A3: Statehood for Alaska
Q4: In what year did Alaskan Statehood gain momentum following a territorial referendum?
A4: 1946
Q5: From which areas did Alaskan supporters face political challenges?
A5: mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

Static analysis techniques for software verification can be applied also in the scenario of query languages. In particular, the *Abstract interpretation framework has been extended to the field of query languages for relational databases as a way to support sound approximation techniques. The semantics of query languages can be tuned according to suitable abstractions of the concrete domain of data. The abstraction of relational database system has many interesting applications, in particular, for security purposes, such as fine grained access control, watermarking, etc.

Q1: How can static analysis be useful with query languages?
A1: software verification
Q2: What do query languages support in abstract interpretation frameworks?
A2: sound approximation techniques
Q3: What is a security measure that uses a relational database system?
A3: watermarking
Q4: Can query languages be adjusted?
A4: according to suitable abstractions of the concrete domain of data
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Statistics from late 2003 indicate that Apple had 2.06 percent of the desktop share in the United States that had increased to 2.88 percent by Q4 2004. As of October 2006, research firms IDC and Gartner reported that Apple's market share in the U.S. had increased to about 6 percent. Figures from December 2006, showing a market share around 6 percent (IDC) and 6.1 percent (Gartner) are based on a more than 30 percent increase in unit sale from 2005 to 2006. The installed base of Mac computers is hard to determine, with numbers ranging from 5% (estimated in 2009) to 16% (estimated in 2005).

Q1: What percent of the desktop share in the U.S. did Apple have in 2003?
A1: 2.06
Q2: Who are IDC and Gartner?
A2: research firms
Q3: What was Apple's market share in the U.S. by 2006?
A3: 6.1 percent
Q4: What percentage of unit sale increase did Apple see from 2005 to 2006?
A4: 30
Q5: What was the estimated installed base of Mac computers in 2009?
A5: 16%
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to "family trees". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that "community of error implies community of origin." That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.

Q1: What is stemmatics?
A1: a rigorous approach to textual criticism
Q2: What is a cladogram?
A2: The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram.
Q3: What is implied when two witnesses have a number of errors in common?
A3: it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source
Q4: What is a hyparchetype?
A4: a common intermediate source
Q5: What is recension?
A5: The process of constructing the stemma
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Stems mainly provide support to the leaves and reproductive structures, but can store water in succulent plants such as cacti, food as in potato tubers, or reproduce vegetatively as in the stolons of strawberry plants or in the process of layering. Leaves gather sunlight and carry out photosynthesis. Large, flat, flexible, green leaves are called foliage leaves. Gymnosperms, such as conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes are seed-producing plants with open seeds. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds. Woody plants, such as azaleas and oaks, undergo a secondary growth phase resulting in two additional types of tissues: wood (secondary xylem) and bark (secondary phloem and cork). All gymnosperms and many angiosperms are woody plants. Some plants reproduce sexually, some asexually, and some via both means.

Q1: What are the stems used for in cacti?
A1: store water
Q2: For what are leaves used?
A2: gather sunlight
Q3: What are angiosperms?
A3: plants that produce flowers and have enclosed seeds
Q4: What kind of plants are gymnosperms?
A4: woody plants
Q5: What kind of leaves are large and flat?
A5: foliage leaves
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God. Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science, and without invoking any divine beings. Neuroscientist Michael Nikoletseas has proposed that questions of the existence of God are no different from questions of natural sciences. Following a biological comparative approach, he concludes that it is highly probable that God exists, and, although not visible, it is possible that we know some of his attributes.

Q1: What does Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow pose as a better question that "Is there a God"?
A1: who created God
Q2: Who wrote The Grand Design?
A2: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow
Q3: What is Michael Nikoletseas profession?
A3: Neuroscientist
Q4: How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered?
A4: purely within the realm of science
Q5: What is the name of Stephen Hawking's book?
A5: The Grand Design
Q6: Who was Hawking's co-author?
A6: Leonard Mlodinow
Q7: Who says the that whether there is or isn't a God are just like questions in natural science?
A7: Michael Nikoletseas
Title: Time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Stephen Hawking in particular has addressed a connection between time and the Big Bang. In A Brief History of Time and elsewhere, Hawking says that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there were another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing that happened then would have any effect upon the present time-frame. Upon occasion, Hawking has stated that time actually began with the Big Bang, and that questions about what happened before the Big Bang are meaningless. This less-nuanced, but commonly repeated formulation has received criticisms from philosophers such as Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler.

Q1: Stephen Hawking makes a connection between time and what?
A1: the Big Bang
Q2: In which publication does Hawking say that any events that existed before the Big Bang would not be accessible to us?
A2: A Brief History of Time
Q3: What does Hawking suggest started with the big bang?
A3: time
Q4: Hawking also states that questions about what happened before the Big Bang are what?
A4: meaningless
Q5: Which philosopher has criticized Hawking's formulation?
A5: Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time.

Q1: When are stepper motors most useful?
A1: when precise rotations are required
Q2: What two devices can describe a stepper motor?
A2: DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid
Q3: What do stepper motor rotors allign themselves with?
A3: magnetic field produced by the energized field winding
Q4: How does a stepper motor differ from a synchronous motor?
A4: the stepper motor may not rotate continuously
Q5: What types of velocities and positions is the stepper motor capable of?
A5: forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Stepper motors can be rotated to a specific angle in discrete steps with ease, and hence stepper motors are used for read/write head positioning in computer floppy diskette drives. They were used for the same purpose in pre-gigabyte era computer disk drives, where the precision and speed they offered was adequate for the correct positioning of the read/write head of a hard disk drive. As drive density increased, the precision and speed limitations of stepper motors made them obsolete for hard drives—the precision limitation made them unusable, and the speed limitation made them uncompetitive—thus newer hard disk drives use voice coil-based head actuator systems. (The term "voice coil" in this connection is historic; it refers to the structure in a typical (cone type) loudspeaker. This structure was used for a while to position the heads. Modern drives have a pivoted coil mount; the coil swings back and forth, something like a blade of a rotating fan. Nevertheless, like a voice coil, modern actuator coil conductors (the magnet wire) move perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force.)

Q1: Why were stepper motors abandoned in computer drive designs?
A1: precision and speed limitations
Q2: What do newer computer drives use instead of stepper motors?
A2: voice coil-based head actuator systems
Q3: In what direction do modern coil actuators move?
A3: perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force
Q4: To what device does the term, "voice coil" historically refer?
A4: the structure in a typical (cone type) loudspeaker
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Stepper motors were and still are often used in computer printers, optical scanners, and digital photocopiers to move the optical scanning element, the print head carriage (of dot matrix and inkjet printers), and the platen or feed rollers. Likewise, many computer plotters (which since the early 1990s have been replaced with large-format inkjet and laser printers) used rotary stepper motors for pen and platen movement; the typical alternatives here were either linear stepper motors or servomotors with closed-loop analog control systems.

Q1: List two alternatives to rotary stepper motors in printer applications.
A1: linear stepper motors or servomotors
Q2: In scanners, what do stepper motors move?
A2: optical scanning element
Q3: In printers and copiers, what do stepper motors move?
A3: print head carriage (of dot matrix and inkjet printers), and the platen or feed rollers
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

Stereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately dominant "45/45" stereophonic record system was invented by Alan Blumlein of EMI in 1931 and patented the same year. EMI cut the first stereo test discs using the system in 1933 (see Bell Labs Stereo Experiments of 1933) although the system was not exploited commercially until much later.

Q1: What did Alan Blumlein event?
A1: stereophonic record system
Q2: When did EMI create the first stereo discs?
A2: 1933
Q3: What was the benefit of 45/45 stereo sound?
A3: more natural listening experience
Q4: What year was stereo sound patented? 
A4: 1931
Q5: How was the commercial success of stereo sound in the 1930s?
A5: was not exploited commercially until much later.
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Steven Waldman notes that; "The evangelicals provided the political muscle for the efforts of Madison and Jefferson, not merely because they wanted to block official churches but because they wanted to keep the spiritual and secular worlds apart." "Religious freedom resulted from an alliance of unlikely partners," writes the historian Frank Lambert in his book The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America. "New Light evangelicals such as Isaac Bachus and John Leland joined forces with Deists and skeptics such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson to fight for a complete separation of church and state."

Q1: What did evangelicals want to keep apart?
A1: the spiritual and secular worlds
Q2: What did religious freedom result from?
A2: an alliance of unlikely partners
Q3: What profession does Frank Lambert have?
A3: historian
Q4: What is the name of Lambert's book?
A4: The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America
Q5: What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight for?
A5: a complete separation of church and state
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Still, advancing technology and medicine has had a great impact even in the Global South. Large-scale industry and more centralized media made brutal dictatorships possible on an unprecedented scale in the middle of the century, leading to wars that were also unprecedented. However, the increased communications contributed to democratization. Technological developments included the development of airplanes and space exploration, nuclear technology, advancement in genetics, and the dawning of the Information Age.

Q1: What did the media industry make possible in the middle of the century?
A1: brutal dictatorships
Q2: What did the brutal dictatorships caused by the media lead to?
A2: wars
Q3: What did increased communications lead contribute to?
A3: democratization
Q4: What time period did technological advances lead to?
A4: the Information Age
Title: Seattle
Topic: History

Still, very large companies dominate the business landscape. Four companies on the 2013 Fortune 500 list of the United States' largest companies, based on total revenue, are headquartered in Seattle: Internet retailer Amazon.com (#49), coffee chain Starbucks (#208), department store Nordstrom (#227), and freight forwarder Expeditors International of Washington (#428). Other Fortune 500 companies popularly associated with Seattle are based in nearby Puget Sound cities. Warehouse club chain Costco (#22), the largest retail company in Washington, is based in Issaquah. Microsoft (#35) is located in Redmond. Weyerhaeuser, the forest products company (#363), is based in Federal Way. Finally, Bellevue is home to truck manufacturer Paccar (#168). Other major companies in the area include Nintendo of America in Redmond, T-Mobile US in Bellevue, Expedia Inc. in Bellevue and Providence Health & Services — the state's largest health care system and fifth largest employer — in Renton. The city has a reputation for heavy coffee consumption; coffee companies founded or based in Seattle include Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee, and Tully's. There are also many successful independent artisanal espresso roasters and cafés.

Q1: How many of the Fortune 500 companies are based in Seattle?
A1: Four
Q2: What famous coffee chain is home in Seattle?
A2: Starbucks
Q3: Which huge internet seller is headquartered in Seattle?
A3: Amazon.com
Q4: In what city near Seattle is Microsoft based?
A4: Redmond
Q5: What drink do the people of Seattle excel in drinking?
A5: coffee