LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

The decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the last week of August and first week of September and that the shift in strategy was not decisive. It has also been argued that it was doubtful the Luftwaffe could have won air superiority before the "weather window" began to deteriorate in October. It was also possible, if RAF losses became severe, that they could pull out to the north, wait for the German invasion, then redeploy southward again. Other historians argue that the outcome of the air battle was irrelevant; the massive numerical superiority of British naval forces and the inherent weakness of the Kriegsmarine would have made the projected German invasion, Unternehmen Seelöwe (Operation Sea Lion), a disaster with or without German air superiority.

Q1: What does OKL stand for?
A1: Oberkommando der Luftwaffe
Q2: What month would the weather window begin to decline?
A2: October
Q3: If serious loss had happened to the RAF where might they have pulled out of?
A3: the north
Q4: What is the German name of Operation Sea Lion?
A4: Unternehmen Seelöwe
Q5: Who had exponential larger naval forces?
A5: British naval forces
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

The decisive engagement of the war came when Lysimachus invaded and overran much of western Anatolia, but was soon isolated by Antigonus and Demetrius near Ipsus in Phrygia. Seleucus arrived in time to save Lysimachus and utterly crushed Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BCE. Seleucus' war elephants proved decisive, Antigonus was killed, and Demetrius fled back to Greece to attempt to preserve the remnants of his rule there by recapturing a rebellious Athens. Meanwhile, Lysimachus took over Ionia, Seleucus took Cilicia, and Ptolemy captured Cyprus.

Q1: Who saved Lysimachus in Phrygia?
A1: Seleucus
Q2: Who lost in the Battle of Ipsus?
A2: Antigonus
Q3: When was the Battle of Ipsus?
A3: 301 BCE
Q4: After Antigonus was killed, what region did Seleucus take over?
A4: Cilicia
Q5: After Antigonus was killed, what region did Ptolemy take over?
A5: Cyprus
Title: United_States_dollar
Topic: History

The decline in the value of the U.S. dollar corresponds to price inflation, which is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. A consumer price index (CPI) is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The United States Consumer Price Index, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services in the United States. It reflects inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses. A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to 1982–1984 and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right.

Q1: What does the decline in value of the dollar correspond to?
A1: price inflation
Q2: The rise in level of prices in an economy is referred to as what?
A2: price inflation
Q3: What does CPI stand for?
A3: consumer price index
Q4: Who publishes the Consumer Price Index?
A4: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Q5: What does the CPI estimate?
A5: average price of consumer goods and services in the United States
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession (1714) initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation.

Q1: What declined in the 16th and 17th centuries?
A1: Catalan
Q2: Where did Catalan experience defeat?
A2: War of Spanish Succession
Q3: When was the war of Spanish Succession?
A3: 1714
Q4: What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation?
A4: Spanish
Q5: Who was defeated in the War of Spanish Succession?
A5: Catalan
Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Topic: History

The decline of Constantinople – a main trading partner of Kievan Rus' – played a significant role in the decline of the Kievan Rus'. The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, along which the goods were moving from the Black Sea (mainly Byzantine) through eastern Europe to the Baltic, was a cornerstone of Kiev wealth and prosperity. Kiev was the main power and initiator in this relationship, once the Byzantine Empire fell into turmoil and the supplies became erratic, profits dried out, and Kiev lost its appeal.[citation needed]

Q1: What played a major role in the decline of the Rus?
A1: decline of Constantinople
Q2: What terriroty did the trade from the Varangians to the Greeks route mainly go through?
A2: Byzantine
Q3: Which terrirory was the main power in this trade relatinship?
A3: Kiev
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

The decline of the city reached its nadir with the War of Spanish Succession (1702–1709) that marked the end of the political and legal independence of the Kingdom of Valencia. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Valencia sided with Charles of Austria. On 24 January 1706, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, 1st Earl of Monmouth, led a handful of English cavalrymen into the city after riding south from Barcelona, capturing the nearby fortress at Sagunt, and bluffing the Spanish Bourbon army into withdrawal.

Q1: What war took place from 1702-1709?
A1: War of Spanish Succession
Q2: With whom did Valencia side in the War of Spanish Succession?
A2: Charles of Austria
Q3: When did English cavalry enter Valencia?
A3: 24 January 1706
Q4: Who led the English cavalry into Valencia?
A4: Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, 1st Earl of Monmouth
Q5: What did Mordaunt capture on his way from Barcelona?
A5: fortress at Sagunt
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 beat Idol in the same time slot with 30.1 million viewers over Idol's 18.4 million. Nevertheless, American Idol overall finished its ninth season as the most watched TV series for the sixth year running, breaking the previous record of five consecutive seasons achieved by CBS' All in the Family and NBC's The Cosby Show.

Q1: Which television network aired the Winter Olympics in 2010? 
A1: NBC
Q2: Which television network originally aired All in the Family? 
A2: CBS
Q3: In what year did NBC beat American Idol in the ratings for the first time?
A3: 2010
Q4: What finally beat Idol in the ratings during season nine?
A4: 2010 Winter Olympics
Q5: How many people watched the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 as compared to the 18.4 million who tuned into Idol?
A5: 30.1 million
Q6: At the end of season nine, American Idol remained on top as the most watched show for how many years in a row?
A6: six
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The decolonization of the Americas was the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule. Decolonization began with a series of revolutions in the late 18th and early-to-mid-19th centuries. The Spanish American wars of independence were the numerous wars against Spanish rule in Spanish America that took place during the early 19th century, from 1808 until 1829, directly related to the Napoleonic French invasion of Spain. The conflict started with short-lived governing juntas established in Chuquisaca and Quito opposing the composition of the Supreme Central Junta of Seville.

Q1: What is the decolonization of the Americas? 
A1: the process by which the countries in the Americas gained their independence from European rule.
Q2: When did the decolonization of the Americas begin?
A2: 18th and early-to-mid-19th centuries.
Q3: When did the wars against Spanish rule occur?
A3: 1808 until 1829
Q4: What were the Spanish wars directly linked to?
A4: Napoleonic French invasion of Spain.
Q5: How did the Spanish conflict begin?
A5: short-lived governing juntas established in Chuquisaca and Quito opposing the composition of the Supreme Central Junta of Seville.
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980. Tito's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II, along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition.

Q1: In what year did the Tito-Stalin split occur?
A1: 1948
Q2: In what year was Tito inaugurated as president?
A2: 1953
Q3: In what year was Tito's funeral?
A3: 1980
Q4: Who was the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement?
A4: Tito
Q5: Who was inauguarated as President of Yugoslavia in 1953?
A5: Tito
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

The deeper ancestral demography of Bermuda's population has been obscured by the ethnic homogenisation of the last four centuries. There is effectively no ethnic distinction between black and white Bermudians, other than those characterising recent immigrant communities. In the 17th century, this was not so. For the first hundred years of settlement, white Protestants of English heritage were the distinct majority, with white minorities of Irish (the native language of many of whom can be assumed to have been Gaelic) and Scots sent to Bermuda after the English invasions of their homelands that followed the English Civil War. Non-white minorities included Spanish-speaking, free (indentured) blacks from the West Indies, black chattel slaves primarily captured from Spanish and Portuguese ships by Bermudian privateers, and Native Americans, primarily from the Algonquian and other tribes of the Atlantic seaboard, but possibly from as far away as Mexico. By the 19th century, the white ethnically-English Bermudians had lost their numerical advantage. Despite the banning of the importation of Irish, and the repeated attempts to force free blacks to emigrate and the owners of black slaves to export them, the merging of the various minority groups, along with some of the white English, had resulted in a new demographic group, "coloured" (which term, in Bermuda, referred to anyone not wholly of European ancestry) Bermudians, gaining a slight majority. Any child born before or since then to one coloured and one white parent has been added to the coloured statistic. Most of those historically described as "coloured" are today described as "black", or "of African heritage", which obscures their non-African heritage (those previously described as "coloured" who were not of African ancestry had been very few, though the numbers of South Asians, particularly, is now growing. The number of persons born in Asian countries doubled between the 2000 and the 2010 censuses), blacks have remained in the majority, with new white immigration from Portugal, Britain and elsewhere countered by black immigration from the West Indies.

Q1: There is no distinction between what two ethnicities of Bermudians?
A1: black and white
Q2: Which ethnicity claimed the majority in Bermuda during the 17th century?
A2: white Protestants of English heritage
Q3: Anyone in Bermuda that is not considered 100% of European heritage is referred to as what?
A3: coloured
Q4: Why is it problematic that the "coloured" population of Bermuda is now referred to as "black" or "African heritage"?
A4: obscures their non-African heritage
Q5: There has been a double in the population of people born in which country?
A5: Asian
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) began with the Second Constitutional Era, a moment of hope and promise established with the Young Turk Revolution. It restored the Ottoman constitution of 1876 and brought in multi-party politics with a two-stage electoral system (electoral law) under the Ottoman parliament. The constitution offered hope by freeing the empire’s citizens to modernize the state’s institutions, rejuvenate its strength, and enable it to hold its own against outside powers. Its guarantee of liberties promised to dissolve inter-communal tensions and transform the empire into a more harmonious place. Instead, this period became the story of the twilight struggle of the Empire. Young Turks movement members once underground (named committee, group, etc.) established (declared) their parties. Among them “Committee of Union and Progress,” and “Freedom and Accord Party” were major parties. On the other end of the spectrum were ethnic parties which included; Poale Zion, Al-Fatat, and Armenian national movement organized under Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Profiting from the civil strife, Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908. The last of Ottoman censuses was performed with the 1914 census. Ottoman military reforms resulted with the Ottoman Modern Army which engaged with Italo-Turkish War (1911), Balkan Wars (1912–1913), and continuous unrest (Counter coup followed by restoration and Saviors followed by Raid on Porte) in the Empire up to World War I.

Q1: What era kicked off the end of the Ottoman empire?
A1: Second Constitutional Era
Q2: What was the revolution that sparked the end of the Ottoman Empire?
A2: the Young Turk Revolution
Q3: The restoration of what happened in 1876?
A3: the Ottoman constitution
Q4: What were two major parties established by Young Turk members?
A4: Committee of Union and Progress,” and “Freedom and Accord Party”
Q5: What territories were annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908?
A5: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)
Topic: Warfare

The defence estate is divided as training areas & ranges (84.0%), research & development (5.4%), airfields (3.4%), barracks & camps (2.5%), storage & supply depots (1.6%), and other (3.0%). These are largely managed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation.

Q1: What percentage of the defence estate makes up training areas and ranges?
A1: 84.0%
Q2: What makes up the smallest portion of the defence estate?
A2: storage & supply depots
Q3: What percentage of the defence estate is taken up by airfields?
A3: (3.4%
Q4: Who manages the defence estate?
A4: Defence Infrastructure Organisation
Q5: Barracks and camps are what percentage of the defence estate?
A5: (2.5%
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception regards original sin only, saying that Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition). The proclaimed Roman Catholic dogma states "that the most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instance of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin." Therefore, being always free from original sin, the doctrine teaches that from her conception Mary received the sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth.

Q1: What is the Immaculate Conception a representation of the avoidance of ?
A1: original sin only
Q2: What was Mary prevented from having to endure ?
A2: Mary was preserved from any stain (in Latin, macula or labes
Q3: Who was believed to have prevented this from occurring to Mary ?
A3: privilege granted by Almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain
Q4: What was the outcome of preventing Mary from having to endure such an injustice ?
A4: Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin."
Q5: What normally followed the delivery of a child by a woman in Mary time period ?
A5: sanctifying grace that would normally come with baptism after birth.
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The definition makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin. However, the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, "free from all sin, original or personal". The Council of Trent decreed: "If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema."

Q1: Is it believed that Mary carried no transgression which would require blame ?
A1: makes no declaration about the Church's belief that the Blessed Virgin was sinless in the sense of freedom from actual or personal sin
Q2: How did the Church view Mary in regards to her personal sins ? 
A2: the Church holds that Mary was also sinless personally, "free from all sin, original or personal
Q3: What important announcement was made by the ecumenical council in  regards to the decision on Mary ?
A3: let him be anathema."
Q4: What was the name of the ecumenical council that made the decision ?
A4: The Council of Trent
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

The definition of antenna gain or power gain already includes the effect of the antenna's efficiency. Therefore, if one is trying to radiate a signal toward a receiver using a transmitter of a given power, one need only compare the gain of various antennas rather than considering the efficiency as well. This is likewise true for a receiving antenna at very high (especially microwave) frequencies, where the point is to receive a signal which is strong compared to the receiver's noise temperature. However, in the case of a directional antenna used for receiving signals with the intention of rejecting interference from different directions, one is no longer concerned with the antenna efficiency, as discussed above. In this case, rather than quoting the antenna gain, one would be more concerned with the directive gain which does not include the effect of antenna (in)efficiency. The directive gain of an antenna can be computed from the published gain divided by the antenna's efficiency.

Q1: What else is also known as power gain?
A1: antenna gain
Q2: What is used to signal toward a reciever?
A2: transmitter
Q3: Which gain does not iclude the effect of an antenna?
A3: directive gain
Q4: Wats divided by the antennas efficiency?
A4: published gain
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

The definition of symbiosis has varied among scientists. Some believe symbiosis should only refer to persistent mutualisms, while others believe it should apply to any type of persistent biological interaction (in other words mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic). After 130 years of debate, current biology and ecology textbooks now use the latter "de Bary" definition or an even broader definition (where symbiosis means all species interactions), with the restrictive definition no longer used (in other words, symbiosis means mutualism).

Q1: How long did it take for scientists to stop using the narrow definition of symbiosis?
A1: 130 years
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

The degree to which adolescents are perceived as autonomous beings varies widely by culture, as do the behaviors that represent this emerging autonomy. Psychologists have identified three main types of autonomy: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy. Emotional autonomy is defined in terms of an adolescent's relationships with others, and often includes the development of more mature emotional connections with adults and peers. Behavioral autonomy encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern. Cultural differences are especially visible in this category because it concerns issues of dating, social time with peers, and time-management decisions. Cognitive autonomy describes the capacity for an adolescent to partake in processes of independent reasoning and decision-making without excessive reliance on social validation. Converging influences from adolescent cognitive development, expanding social relationships, an increasingly adultlike appearance, and the acceptance of more rights and responsibilities enhance feelings of autonomy for adolescents. Proper development of autonomy has been tied to good mental health, high self-esteem, self-motivated tendencies, positive self-concepts, and self-initiating and regulating behaviors. Furthermore, it has been found that adolescents' mental health is best when their feelings about autonomy match closely with those of their parents.

Q1: What are the three main types of autonomy?
A1: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy
Q2: How is behavioral autonomy defined?
A2: encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern
Q3: Adolescent cultural differences are especially visible in which type of autonomy?
A3: Behavioral
Q4: How is cognitive autonomy defined?
A4: the capacity for an adolescent to partake in processes of independent reasoning and decision-making without excessive reliance on social validation
Q5: Is an adolescent's mental health at its best when their feelings of autonomy match closely with their parents or when they are at odds?
A5: match closely
Title: Mammal
Topic: Natural sciences

The deliberate or accidental hybridising of two or more species of closely related animals through captive breeding is a human activity which has been in existence for millennia and has grown in recent times for economic purposes. The number of successful interspecific mammalian hybrids is relatively small, although it has come to be known that there is a significant number of naturally occurring hybrids between forms or regional varieties of a single species.[citation needed] These may form zones of gradation known as clines. Indeed, the distinction between some hitherto distinct species can become clouded once it can be shown that they may not only breed but produce fertile offspring. Some hybrid animals exhibit greater strength and resilience than either parent. This is known as hybrid vigor. The existence of the mule (donkey sire; horse dam) being used widely as a hardy draught animal throughout ancient and modern history is testament to this. Other well known examples are the lion/tiger hybrid, the liger, which is by far the largest big cat and sometimes used in circuses; and cattle hybrids such as between European and Indian domestic cattle or between domestic cattle and American bison, which are used in the meat industry and marketed as Beefalo. There is some speculation that the donkey itself may be the result of an ancient hybridisation between two wild ass species or sub-species. Hybrid animals are normally infertile partly because their parents usually have slightly different numbers of chromosomes, resulting in unpaired chromosomes in their cells, which prevents division of sex cells and the gonads from operating correctly, particularly in males. There are exceptions to this rule, especially if the speciation process was relatively recent or incomplete as is the case with many cattle and dog species. Normally behavior traits, natural hostility, natural ranges and breeding cycle differences maintain the separateness of closely related species and prevent natural hybridisation. However, the widespread disturbances to natural animal behaviours and range caused by human activity, cities, dumping grounds with food, agriculture, fencing, roads and so on do force animals together which would not normally breed. Clear examples exist between the various sub-species of grey wolf, coyote and domestic dog in North America. As many birds and mammals imprint on their mother and immediate family from infancy, a practice used by animal hybridizers is to foster a planned parent in a hybridization program with the same species as the one with which they are planned to mate.

Q1: What is the name given when zones of gradation exits?
A1: clines
Q2: What is the given name of a lion and tiger hybrid?
A2: liger
Q3: What is the marketed name given in the meat industry when you involve a european or indian domestic cattle mixed with an American bison?
A3: Beefalo
Q4: What is the given name of a offspring from two different animals?
A4: hybrid
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

The deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major "communications gap" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what information was available in the direction of an uncritical and over-optimistic interpretation of air strength. When Göring decided against continuing Wever's original heavy bomber programme in 1937, the Reichsmarschall's own explanation was that Hitler wanted to know only how many bombers there were, not how many engines each had. In July 1939, Göring arranged a display of the Luftwaffe's most advanced equipment at Rechlin, to give the impression the air force was more prepared for a strategic air war than was actually the case.

Q1: What was the major cause of the separation between the Luftwaffe and the other military structure?
A1: communications gap
Q2: What did Goring do because of his fear of Hitler?
A2: misrepresent what information
Q3: What year did Goring display the Luftwaffe's advanced equipment?
A3: 1939
Q4: In what city did Goring display the advance equipment?
A4: Rechlin
Q5: Who's bombing program did Goring abandon in 1939? 
A5: Wever
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. The largest urban area by far is the Greater London Urban Area with 9 million inhabitants. Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland.[citation needed]

Q1: Which area in the British Isles is s the most populated?
A1: England
Q2: What percentage of the population does England have compared to the other areas in the British Isles?
A2: 80%
Q3: How many people live in the area of London?
A3: 9 million
Q4: What are two other major populated cities in England?
A4: Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million)
Q5: What is the most populated city in Ireland?
A5: Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million)
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church. The objections raised by the Roman Catholic Church are based on the allegation that Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion which is in conflict with Church doctrine. A number of Papal pronouncements have been issued against Freemasonry. The first was Pope Clement XII's In eminenti apostolatus, 28 April 1738; the most recent was Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890. The 1917 Code of Canon Law explicitly declared that joining Freemasonry entailed automatic excommunication, and banned books favouring Freemasonry.

Q1: Whao has always opposed Freemasonry?
A1: the Roman Catholic Church
Q2: Why does the Catholic Church oppose the Freemasons so strongly?
A2: teaches a naturalistic deistic religion
Q3: Who issued the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry?
A3: Pope Clement XII
Q4: When was the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry made?
A4: 28 April 1738
Q5: What was the most recent Papal prounouncement agasnst Freemasonry?
A5: Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890
Q6: Who has the longest history of objection to Freemasonry?
A6: the Roman Catholic Church
Q7: What law banned books favoring Freemasonry?
A7: The 1917 Code of Canon Law
Q8: The Roman Catholic Church objection to Freemasons are based on what?
A8: Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion
Q9: What pope first issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?
A9: Pope Clement XII
Q10: What pope most recently issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?
A10: Pope Leo XIII
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft).

Q1: What is the lightest density of paper produced?
A1: tissue paper
Q2: What is the common density of printing paper?
A2: 800 kg/m3
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

The departures of Núñez and van Gaal were hardly noticed by the fans when compared to that of Luís Figo, then club vice-captain. Figo had become a cult hero, and was considered by Catalans to be one of their own. However, Barcelona fans were distraught by Figo's decision to join arch-rivals Real Madrid, and, during subsequent visits to the Camp Nou, Figo was given an extremely hostile reception. Upon his first return, a piglet's head and a full bottle of whiskey were thrown at him from the crowd. The next three years saw the club in decline, and managers came and went. van Gaal was replaced by Llorenç Serra Ferrer who, despite an extensive investment in players in the summer of 2000, presided over a mediocre league campaign and a humiliating first-round Champions League exit, and was eventually dismissed late in the season. Long-serving coach Carles Rexach was appointed as his replacement, initially on a temporary basis, and managed to at least steer the club to the last Champions League spot on the final day of the season. Despite better form in La Liga and a good run to the semi-finals of the Champions League, Rexach was never viewed as a long-term solution and that summer Louis van Gaal returned to the club for a second spell as manager. What followed, despite another decent Champions League performance, was one of the worst La Liga campaigns in the club's history, with the team as low as 15th in February 2003. This led to van Gaal's resignation and replacement for the rest of the campaign by Radomir Antić, though a sixth-place finish was the best that he could manage. At the end of the season, Antić's short-term contract was not renewed, and club president Joan Gaspart resigned, his position having been made completely untenable by such a disastrous season on top of the club's overall decline in fortunes since he became president three years prior.

Q1: What team did favorite play Luis Figo leave Barcelona to join?
A1: Real Madrid
Q2: What kind of treatment was Figo offered during visits to Barcelona?
A2: hostile
Q3: After Figo's departure what happened the next three years?
A3: decline
Q4: What rank was club Barcelona in 2003?
A4: 15th
Q5: After Barcelona's poor showing in the 2003 season , who resigned from the presidency?
A5: Joan Gaspart
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich or poor. International trade plunged by half to two-thirds, as did personal income, tax revenue, prices and profits. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by roughly 60 percent. Facing plummeting demand with few alternate sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries suffered the most.

Q1: Where did the depression cause negative effects?
A1: virtually every country
Q2: How much did international trade fall?
A2: by half to two-thirds,
Q3: What happened to construction during the Depression?
A3: virtually halted in many countries
Q4: How far did crop prices fall?
A4: 60 percent
Title: Identity_(social_science)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The description or representation of individual and group identity is a central task for psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists and those of other disciplines where "identity" needs to be mapped and defined. How should one describe the identity of another, in ways which encompass both their idiosyncratic qualities and their group memberships or identifications, both of which can shift according to circumstance? Following on from the work of Kelly, Erikson, Tajfel and others Weinreich's Identity Structure Analysis (ISA), is "a structural representation of the individual's existential experience, in which the relationships between self and other agents are organised in relatively stable structures over time … with the emphasis on the socio-cultural milieu in which self relates to other agents and institutions" (Weinreich and Saunderson, (eds) 2003, p1). Using constructs drawn from the salient discourses of the individual, the group and cultural norms, the practical operationalisation of ISA provides a methodology that maps how these are used by the individual, applied across time and milieus by the "situated self" to appraise self and other agents and institutions (for example, resulting in the individual's evaluation of self and significant others and institutions).[citation needed]

Q1: The central task for psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists is to describe what topics?
A1: individual and group identity
Q2: ISA stands for what?
A2: Identity Structure Analysis
Q3: Who developed the ISA?
A3: Weinreich
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges that run north to south. The desert in the state varies slightly with a small variant in climate. The lower elevations of the desert zone are found in the north along the Rio Grande which experience hotter temperatures in the summer and winter while the southern portion of the desert zone experiences cooler temperatures due to its higher elevation. The Samalayuca dunes cover an area of about 150 km2; it is an impressive site of the Chihuahuan Desert and is a protected area by the state due to unique species of plants and animals.

Q1: The desert zone accounts for how much of the state's surface area?
A1: about a third
Q2: The Chihuahuan Desert also extends into which neighboring Mexican state?
A2: Coahuila
Q3: The desert zone's topography is mostly what shape?
A3: flat
Q4: Lower elevations and higher temperature are found in which region of the state; north, south, east, or west?
A4: north
Q5: Which well-known river runs in the northern part of the state?
A5: Rio Grande
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

The design and function of department stores in Germany followed the lead of London, Paris and New York. Germany used to have a number of department stores; nowadays only a few of them remain. Next to some smaller, independent department stores these are Karstadt (in 2010 taken over by Nicolas Berggruen, also operating the KaDeWe in Berlin, the Alsterhaus in Hamburg and the Oberpollinger in Munich), GALERIA Kaufhof (part of the Metro AG). Others like Hertie, Wertheim and Horten AG were taken over by others and either fully integrated or later closed.

Q1: What cities influenced how department stores in Germany operated? 
A1: London, Paris and New York.
Q2: What department store was taken over by Nicolas Berggruen in 2010?
A2: Karstadt
Q3: What major department store operates in Berlin? 
A3: KaDeWe
Q4: What store is a part of the Metro AG?
A4: GALERIA Kaufhof
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The design architecture of USB is asymmetrical in its topology, consisting of a host, a multitude of downstream USB ports, and multiple peripheral devices connected in a tiered-star topology. Additional USB hubs may be included in the tiers, allowing branching into a tree structure with up to five tier levels. A USB host may implement multiple host controllers and each host controller may provide one or more USB ports. Up to 127 devices, including hub devices if present, may be connected to a single host controller. USB devices are linked in series through hubs. One hub—built into the host controller—is the root hub.

Q1: The design of USB is asymmetrical in what?
A1: its topology
Q2: How many devices may be connected to a host controller?
A2: 127 devices
Q3: How are USB devices linked?
A3: in series through hubs
Q4: What HUB is built into the host controller?
A4: the root hub
Q5: The design of the USB is asymmetrical in its what?
A5: topology
Q6: How many devices can be connected to a host controller?
A6: Up to 127 devices
Q7: What hub is built into the host controller?
A7: the root hub
Q8: A USB host may implement how many host controllers?
A8: multiple
Q9: How many USB ports may a host controller provide?
A9: one or more USB ports
Title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Topic: Art and architecture

The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a bookplate for the Institute's library and publications from 1835 to 1891, when it was redesigned by J.H.Metcalfe. It was again redesigned in 1931 by Eric Gill and in 1960 by Joan Hassall. The description in the 1837 by-laws was: "gules, two lions rampant guardant or, supporting a column marked with lines chevron, proper, all standing on a base of the same; a garter surrounding the whole with the inscription Institute of British Architects, anno salutis MDCCCXXXIV; above a mural crown proper, and beneath the motto Usui civium decori urbium ".

Q1: What was the first Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?
A1: Usui civium decori urbium
Q2: Who is responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?
A2: Thomas Leverton Donaldson
Q3: What was Donaldson's role within the Royal Institute?
A3: honorary secretary
Q4: Who reworked the Royal Institute's medal desgin in 1931?
A4: Eric Gill
Q5: When did Joan Hassall redesign the Royal Institute's medal?
A5: 1960
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

The designation "Institute of Technology" is not applied at all, being meaningless in Portugal. However, there are higher education educational institutions in Portugal since the 1980s, which are called polytechnics. After 1998 they were upgraded to institutions which are allowed to confer bachelor's degrees (the Portuguese licenciatura). Before then, they only awarded short-cycle degrees which were known as bacharelatos and did not provide further education. After the Bologna Process in 2007, they have been allowed to offer 2nd cycle (master's) degrees to its students. The polytechnical higher education system provides a more practical training and is profession-oriented, while the university higher education system has a strong theoretical basis and is highly research-oriented.

Q1: What is the Portuguese word for the short-cycle degrees awarded prior to 1988?
A1: bacharelatos
Q2: What process was instituted in 2007 that brought Master's degrees to the polytechnic education system?
A2: Bologna Process
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The desire to explore, record and systematize knowledge had a meaningful impact on music publications. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Dictionnaire de musique (published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris) was a leading text in the late 18th century. This widely available dictionary gave short definitions of words like genius and taste, and was clearly influenced by the Enlightenment movement. Another text influenced by Enlightenment values was Charles Burney's A General History of Music: From the Earliest Ages to the Present Period (1776), which was a historical survey and an attempt to rationalize elements in music systematically over time. Recently, musicologists have shown renewed interest in the ideas and consequences of the Enlightenment. For example, Rose Rosengard Subotnik's Deconstructive Variations (subtitled Music and Reason in Western Society) compares Mozart's Die Zauberflöte (1791) using the Enlightenment and Romantic perspectives, and concludes that the work is "an ideal musical representation of the Enlightenment".

Q1: The desire to explore, record and systematize knowledge had a meaningful impact on what other form of publication?
A1: music
Q2: What publication of Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a leading text in the late 18th century and was published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris?
A2: Dictionnaire de musique
Q3: In what year was Charles Burney's A General History of Music: From the Earliest Ages to the Present Period published?
A3: 1776
Q4: What Mozart piece did Rose Rosengard Subotnik conclude is "an ideal musical representation of the Enlightenment"?
A4: Die Zauberflöte (1791)
Q5: Which two perspectives did Rose Rosengard Subotnik use to compare Mozart's Die Cauberflote?
A5: Enlightenment and Romantic
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

The developers of both Chrome and Firefox committed to developing Metro-style versions of their browsers; while Chrome's "Windows 8 mode" uses a full-screen version of the existing desktop interface, Firefox's version (which was first made available on the "Aurora" release channel in September 2013) uses a touch-optimized interface inspired by the Android version of Firefox. In October 2013, Chrome's app was changed to mimic the desktop environment used by Chrome OS. Development of the Firefox app for Windows 8 has since been cancelled, citing a lack of user adoption for the beta versions.

Q1: Which two browsers promised to develop Metro-style versions of their browsers?
A1: Chrome and Firefox
Q2: What does Chromes version for Windows 8 do?
A2: uses a full-screen version of the existing desktop interface
Q3: What does Firefox's version for Windows 8 do?
A3: uses a touch-optimized interface
Q4: When was Firefox's version of Windows 8 made accesible?
A4: September 2013
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization of India commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company, in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar, or in 1772, when the Company established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.

Q1: What did the development of new imperialism cause?
A1: the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers.
Q2: When did the commercial colonization of India begin?
A2: 1757
Q3: What happened n the battle of Plassey?
A3: Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company
Q4: When was the British East Company given the right to collect revenue?
A4: 1765
Q5: What is the term used to describe the "Right to collect revenue"?
A5: diwani
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The development of a three-field rotation system for planting crops[AA] increased the usage of land from one half in use each year under the old two-field system to two-thirds under the new system, with a consequent increase in production. The development of the heavy plough allowed heavier soils to be farmed more efficiently, aided by the spread of the horse collar, which led to the use of draught horses in place of oxen. Horses are faster than oxen and require less pasture, factors that aided the implementation of the three-field system.

Q1: What fraction of land was under cultivation using the two-field system?
A1: one half
Q2: What fraction of land was under cultivate using the three-field system?
A2: two-thirds
Q3: What invention allowed horses rather than oxen to be used to plow?
A3: the horse collar
Q4: What invention led to an increase in efficiency in the farming of heavy soils?
A4: the heavy plough
Q5: In addition to requiring less pasture, what distinguishes horses from oxen?
A5: faster
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

The development of flattop vessels produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft. As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carriers were conversions of ships that were laid down (or had served) as different ship types: cargo ships, cruisers, battlecruisers, or battleships. These conversions gave rise to the Lexington-class aircraft carriers (1927), Akagi and Courageous class. Specialist carrier evolution was well underway, with several navies ordering and building warships that were purposefully designed to function as aircraft carriers by the mid-1920s, resulting in the commissioning of ships such as Hōshō (1922), HMS Hermes (1924), and Béarn (1927). During World War II, these ships would become known as fleet carriers.[citation needed]

Q1: What develpment produced the first large fleet ships?
A1: flattop vessels
Q2: What was the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft?
A2: HMS Argus
Q3: What did the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 limit?
A3: the construction of new heavy surface combat ships
Q4: What caused early aircraft carriers to be made up of conversions of ships that were previously cargo ships, cruisers or battlecruisers?
A4: Washington Naval Treaty of 1922
Q5: What type of aircraft carriers did these ship conversions give rise to in 1927?
A5: Lexington-class
Title: Genome
Topic: Natural sciences

The development of new technologies has made it dramatically easier and cheaper to do sequencing, and the number of complete genome sequences is growing rapidly. The US National Institutes of Health maintains one of several comprehensive databases of genomic information. Among the thousands of completed genome sequencing projects include those for rice, a mouse, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the puffer fish, and the bacteria E. coli. In December 2013, scientists first sequenced the entire genome of a Neanderthal, an extinct species of humans. The genome was extracted from the toe bone of a 130,000-year-old Neanderthal found in a Siberian cave.

Q1: Which U.S. government agency keeps a large amount of information on genomes?
A1: US National Institutes of Health
Q2: What is a mammal whose genome has been sequenced?
A2: mouse
Q3: What is a fish whose genome has been sequenced?
A3: puffer fish
Q4: When was the Neanderthal's genome sequenced?
A4: December 2013
Q5: How old in years was the material that was used to sequence the Neanderthal genome?
A5: 130,000