LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Communications_in_Somalia
Topic: Engineering and technology

Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce and telephony have consequently become among the quickest growing local businesses.

Q1: What years was the first ISP established in Somalia?
A1: 1999
Q2: Somalia was one of the last countries on what continent to get connected tothe internet?
A2: Africa
Q3: In 2009, what percent of Somalia has internet coverage?
A3: 53%
Q4: The quickest growing local businesses in Somalia are what types of businesses?
A4: internet commerce and telephony
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe.

Q1: What language family is Somali a part of?
A1: Afro-Asiatic
Q2: What part of the Afro-Asiatic language family is Somali a part of?
A2: Cushitic
Q3: What is the majority religion of Somalis?
A3: Sunni Muslim
Q4: How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia?
A4: 12.3 million
Q5: What country has the second largest Somali population?
A5: Ethiopia
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.

Q1: What is the biggest ethnic group in Somalia?
A1: Somalis
Q2: What percentage of Somalians are ethnic Somalis?
A2: 85%
Q3: During what century did the nomad lifestyle decline among Somalis?
A3: 20th
Q4: Why do many Somalis live in South Asia and Europe?
A4: their seafaring tradition
Q5: Along with Djibouti and Ethiopia, in what African country outside Somalia can Somalis be found?
A5: Kenya
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

Somalis for centuries have practiced a form of customary law, which they call Xeer. Xeer is a polycentric legal system where there is no monopolistic agent that determines what the law should be or how it should be interpreted.

Q1: What is the Somali system of customary law?
A1: Xeer
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

Somalis have a rich musical heritage centered on traditional Somali folklore. Most Somali songs are pentatonic. That is, they only use five pitches per octave in contrast to a heptatonic (seven note) scale, such as the major scale. At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia, Sudan or Arabia, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles. Somali songs are usually the product of collaboration between lyricists (midho), songwriters (lahan) and singers ('odka or "voice").

Q1: What scale is used by most Somali songs?
A1: pentatonic
Q2: How many notes are in a hepatonic scale?
A2: seven
Q3: What is an exaple of a hepatonic scale?
A3: the major scale
Q4: Along with Arabia and Ethiopia, what land has songs that sound similar to those of Somalia?
A4: Sudan
Q5: What does midho mean in English?
A5: lyricists
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

Some "popular" genre musicians have had significant classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as those offered by the Berklee College of Music and many jazz musicians have completed degrees in music from universities with jazz programs, such as the Manhattan School of Music and McGill University.

Q1: What brothers have had significant classical training?
A1: Van Halen brothers
Q2: Billy Joel and Elton John have both had what type of training?
A2: classical
Q3: Rock and pop musicians may have degrees in what type of music?
A3: commercial
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some 97 percent of male BYU graduates and 32 percent of female graduates took a hiatus from their undergraduate studies at one point to serve as LDS missionaries. In October 2012, the LDS Church announced at its general conference that young men could serve a mission after they turn 18 and have graduated from high school, rather than after age 19 under the old policy. Many young men would often attend a semester or two of higher education prior to beginning missionary service. This policy change will likely impact what has been the traditional incoming freshman class at BYU. Female students may now begin their missionary service anytime after turning 19, rather than age 21 under the previous policy. For males, a full-time mission is two years in length, and for females it lasts 18 months.

Q1: At what age, since 2012, are men allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?
A1: 18
Q2: At what age, since 2012, are women allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?
A2: 19
Q3: How long is a full-time mission for males?
A3: two years
Q4: How long is a full-time mission for females?
A4: 18 months
Q5: What percentage of graduates had taken a hiatus from their BYU studies to serve as an LDS missionary?
A5: 97
Title: Carnival
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some Belgian cities hold Carnivals during Lent. One of the best-known is Stavelot, where the Carnival de la Laetare takes place on Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday of Lent. The participants include the Blancs-Moussis, who dress in white, carry long red noses and parade through town attacking bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders. The town of Halle also celebrates on Laetare Sunday. Belgium's oldest parade is the Carnival Parade of Maaseik, also held on Laetare Sunday, which originated in 1865.

Q1: What do some Belgian cities hold during Lent?
A1: Carnivals
Q2: What Carnival takes place on Laetare Sunday?
A2: the Carnival de la Laetare
Q3: What group of participants attack bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders?
A3: Blancs-Moussis
Q4: What day does the town of Halle engage in its celebration?
A4: Laetare Sunday
Q5: What's the name of Belgium's oldest parade? 
A5: Carnival Parade of Maaseik
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some Christian writers considered the possibility that pagan commentators may have mentioned this event, mistaking it for a solar eclipse - although this would have been impossible during the Passover, which takes place at the full moon. Christian traveller and historian Sextus Julius Africanus and Christian theologian Origen refer to Greek historian Phlegon, who lived in the 2nd century AD, as having written "with regard to the eclipse in the time of Tiberius Caesar, in whose reign Jesus appears to have been crucified, and the great earthquakes which then took place"

Q1: As what was the event mistaken by some pagans?
A1: a solar eclipse
Q2: Why was a solar eclipse impossible?
A2: the full moon
Q3: Which Greek historian wrote about these natural occurrences?
A3: Greek historian Phlegon
Q4: Who reigned Rome during the Crucifixion of Jesus?
A4: Tiberius Caesar
Q5: What other event supposedly took place that shook people?
A5: earthquakes
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New Testament. In their arguments, this is particularly demonstrated in the Council of Jerusalem, described in Acts chapter 15, where the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church; the Apostles being representatives of the universal Church, and elders being such for the local church. To this day, elements of federalism can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others.

Q1: When was the earliest source of political federalism according to Christians?
A1: is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible.
Q2: What was the structure that the early Christian church described?
A2: in the New Testament
Q3: What happens in the council of Jerusalem?
A3: the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church
Q4: Where can the elements of federalism can be found?
A4: can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others.
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed forces (including Estonian Waffen-SS), the majority of them did so only in 1944 when the threat of a new invasion of Estonia by the Red Army had become imminent. In January 1944 Estonia was again facing the prospect of invasion from the Red Army and the last legitimate prime minister of the Republic of Estonia (according to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia) delivered a radio address asking all able-bodied men born from 1904 through 1923 to report for military service. The call resulted in around 38,000 new enlistments and several thousand Estonians who had joined the Finnish Army came back to join the newly formed Territorial Defense Force, assigned to defend Estonia against the Soviet advance. It was hoped[by whom?] that by engaging in such a war Estonia would be able to attract Western support for Estonian independence.

Q1: Who did some Estonians join as an alternative to the Germans?
A1: the Finnish Army
Q2: Who was the Finnish Army allied with?
A2: the Nazis
Q3: Who composed the The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200?
A3: Estonian volunteers in Finland
Q4: What year did most Estonians join the Germans after a new Soviet threat was emerging?
A4: 1944
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

Some Europeans living among Indigenous Americans were called "white Indians". They "lived in native communities for years, learned native languages fluently, attended native councils, and often fought alongside their native companions." More numerous and typical were traders and trappers, who married Indigenous American women from tribes on the frontier and had families with them. Some traders, who kept bases in the cities, had what ware called "country wives" among Indigenous Americans, with legal European-American wives and children at home in the city. Not all abandoned their "natural" mixed-race children. Some arranged for sons to be sent to European-American schools for their education.

Q1: Who were considered "white Indians"?
A1: Europeans living among Indigenous Americans
Q2: Who had Indigenous "Country wives"?
A2: Some traders
Q3: Who lived in native communities, speaking the language and participating in the affairs of tribes?
A3: "white Indians"
Q4: Why were some multiracial children sent to Europe?
A4: for their education
Q5: Where were legal wives usually kept?
A5: in the city
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

Some Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions. The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish. West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium).

Q1: What Dutch dialect is so distinct that it's often considered a language variant?
A1: West Flemish
Q2: What kind of governmental boundary does dialect distribution transcend, reflecting medieval divisions?
A2: political boundaries
Q3: What province is Zeelandic Flanders in?
A3: Zeeland
Q4: What area that abuts Belgium still has some older people who speak West Flemish?
A4: French Flanders
Q5: Along with Limburgish, what other Dutch dialect is spoken down into a lot of the southern Netherlands?
A5: Brabantian
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization; they may be organized as a profit corporation or as a trust, a cooperative, or they exist informally. A very similar type of organization termed a supporting organization operates like a foundation, but they are more complicated to administer, hold more favorable tax status and are restricted in the public charities they support. Their mole is not to be successful in terms of wealth, but in terms of giving value to the groups of people they administer to.

Q1: How are charity or service NPOs usually organized?
A1: profit corporation or as a trust, a cooperative, or they exist informally
Q2: What type of organization behaves much like a foundation?
A2: a supporting organization
Q3:  What is a major function of a foundation?
A3: giving value to the groups of people they administer to
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine Clearers), FIDH International Federation for Human Rights, Goodwill Industries, United Way, ACORN (now defunct), Habitat for Humanity, Teach For America, the Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations, UNESCO, IEEE, INCOSE, World Wide Fund for Nature, Heifer International, Translators Without Borders and SOS Children's Villages.

Q1: What is a well known NPO that helps people from low incomes become homeowners?
A1: Habitat for Humanity
Q2: What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive?
A2: Rotary International
Q3: What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families?
A3: United Way
Q4: Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike?
A4: Red Cross and Red Crescent
Q5: Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment?
A5: World Wide Fund for Nature
Title: Presbyterianism
Topic: History

Some Presbyterian traditions adopt only the Westminster Confession of Faith as the doctrinal standard to which teaching elders are required to subscribe, in contrast to the Larger and Shorter catechisms, which are approved for use in instruction. Many Presbyterian denominations, especially in North America, have adopted all of the Westminster Standards as their standard of doctrine which is subordinate to the Bible. These documents are Calvinistic in their doctrinal orientation. The Presbyterian Church in Canada retains the Westminster Confession of Faith in its original form, while admitting the historical period in which it was written should be understood when it is read.

Q1: What traditions do some Presbyterian churches only adopt as their doctrinal standard?
A1: Westminster Confession of Faith
Q2: Many Presbyterian churches in America have adopted this doctrine as their standard, what is it?
A2: Westminster Standards
Q3: The Presbyterian church in Canada has retains which Doctrine in its original form?
A3: Westminster Confession of Faith
Title: Samoa
Topic: Geography and places

Some Samoans are spiritual and religious, and have subtly adapted the dominant religion of Christianity to 'fit in' with fa'a Samoa and vice versa. As such, ancient beliefs continue to co-exist side-by-side with Christianity, particularly in regard to the traditional customs and rituals of fa'a Samoa. The Samoan culture is centred around the principle of vāfealoa'i, the relationships between people. These relationships are based on respect, or fa'aaloalo. When Christianity was introduced in Samoa, most Samoan people converted. Currently 98% of the population identify themselves as Christian.

Q1: What religion is practiced by the vast majority of Samoans?
A1: Christianity
Q2: What word that means human relationships is at the core of Samoa's culture?
A2: vāfealoa'i
Q3: What word is used in Samoa to mean "respect"?
A3: fa'aaloalo
Q4: What percentage of Samoans call themselves Christians?
A4: 98%
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

Some USB devices require more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. This is common for external hard and optical disc drives, and generally for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external power supply, which is allowed by the standard, or use a dual-input USB cable, one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power, which makes the device a non-standard USB device. Some USB ports and external hubs can, in practice, supply more power to USB devices than required by the specification but a standard-compliant device may not depend on this.

Q1: Some USB devices require what?
A1: more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port.
Q2: Some devices such as an external hard and optical disk drive can use what?
A2: an external power supply
Q3: What is another alternative for power for an external hard and optical disk drive?
A3: a dual-input USB cable
Q4: What is the purpose of a dual-input USB cable?
A4: one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias. The Daily Telegraph published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying, who accused Western media of "demonising" China during their coverage of the torch relays. The Telegraph also asked its readers to send their views in response to the question "Is the West demonising China?" The BBC reported on a demonstration in Sydney by Chinese Australians "voicing support for Beijing amid controversy over Tibet" and protesting against what they saw as Western media bias. The report showed demonstrators carrying signs which read "Shame on some Western media", "BBC CNN lies too" and "Stop media distortion!". One demonstrator interviewed by the BBC stated: "I saw some news from CNN, from the BBC, some media [inaudible], and they are just lying." Libération also reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media.

Q1: Which United Kingdom newspaper published a Chinese ambassador's opinion that Western media had demonized China with torch coverage?
A1: The Daily Telegraph
Q2: What French newspaper did the Chinese media accuse of bias?
A2: Libération
Q3: Some Chinese have accused Western media of what in their reportings?
A3: Western media bias.
Q4: Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.?
A4: Fu Ying
Q5: Which newspaper published these accusations?
A5: The Daily Telegraph
Q6: What other newspaper was accused of bias?
A6: Libération
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some Western writers claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam. Thus, commenting in 1734 on the passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones", George Sale stated: "It is not improbable that the pretended immaculate conception of the virgin Mary is intimated in this passage. For according to a tradition of Mohammed, every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil, and therefore cries out, Mary and her son only excepted; between whom, and the evil spirit God placed a veil, so that his touch did not reach them. And for this reason they say, neither of them were guilty of any sin, like the rest of the children of Adam."

Q1: What  religion is credited by some authors from the west for initiating the story of the conceiving of Mary ?
A1: claim that the immaculate conception of Mary is a teaching of Islam.
Q2: What do these authors use in the form of proof for credit given to the other religion  ?
A2: passage in the Qur'an, "I have called her Mary; and I commend her to thy protection, and also her issue, against Satan driven away with stones
Q3: According to the teaching of this other religion what occurred to Mary during the birth of her first child ?
A3: Mary and her son only excepted; between whom, and the evil spirit God placed a veil, so that his touch did not reach them.
Q4: What does this other religion also state  happens  to everyone besides Mary and her First born child  ?
A4: every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil
Q5: What does the event cause to happen to everyone but Mary and her first born child ?
A5: every person that comes into the world, is touched at his birth by the devil, and therefore cries out,
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying "One World, One Dream. Free Tibet", and the other, "Free Tibet '08". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. "Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent." The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.

Q1: Three protester climbed what to hang two banners on April 7, 2008?
A1: Golden Gate Bridge
Q2: Laurel Sutherlin spoke to which TV station about his concerns?
A2: KPIX-CBS5
Q3: Who asked that the San Francisco relay route be shortened?
A3: China
Q4: What famous bridge had two banners hung from it by protesters?
A4: Golden Gate Bridge
Q5: Who spoke to station KPIX-CBS5 about the bridge banner protests?
A5: Laurel Sutherlin
Q6: How many supporters face charges for the bridge stunt?
A6: five
Q7: How many activists may be charged with crimes for the bridge stunt?
A7: three
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniques seem to have adopted this lifestyle, abandoning most agriculture, as a way to escape colonial control and as a result of the introduction of European diseases reducing their populations to levels where agriculture became difficult.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]

Q1: What do some agriculturalists often do?
A1: hunt and gather
Q2: What do they sometimes do for entertainment?
A2: go hunting
Q3: Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle?
A3: to escape colonial control
Q4: Besides avoiding government controls, what other reason could they have?
A4: agriculture became difficult
Title: Alloy
Topic: Mathematics

Some alloys occur naturally, such as electrum, which is an alloy that is native to Earth, consisting of silver and gold. Meteorites are sometimes made of naturally occurring alloys of iron and nickel, but are not native to the Earth. One of the first alloys made by humans was bronze, which is made by mixing the metals tin and copper. Bronze was an extremely useful alloy to the ancients, because it is much stronger and harder than either of its components. Steel was another common alloy. However, in ancient times, it could only be created as an accidental byproduct from the heating of iron ore in fires (smelting) during the manufacture of iron. Other ancient alloys include pewter, brass and pig iron. In the modern age, steel can be created in many forms. Carbon steel can be made by varying only the carbon content, producing soft alloys like mild steel or hard alloys like spring steel. Alloy steels can be made by adding other elements, such as molybdenum, vanadium or nickel, resulting in alloys such as high-speed steel or tool steel. Small amounts of manganese are usually alloyed with most modern-steels because of its ability to remove unwanted impurities, like phosphorus, sulfur and oxygen, which can have detrimental effects on the alloy. However, most alloys were not created until the 1900s, such as various aluminium, titanium, nickel, and magnesium alloys. Some modern superalloys, such as incoloy, inconel, and hastelloy, may consist of a multitude of different components.

Q1: What is electrum made of?
A1: silver and gold
Q2: What alloy is formed naturally? 
A2: electrum
Q3: Which was on of the first alloys made by humans?
A3: bronze
Q4: What metal is made by combining tin and copper?
A4: bronze
Q5: Around what time where alloys starting to get made by humans?
A5: 1900s
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.

Q1: What system of time do some applications use so they won't have problems with time changes?
A1: UTC
Q2: By using UTC, applications get out of adjusting to changes around clock shifts and what other factor?
A2: time zone differences
Q3: In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC?
A3: operating systems
Q4: Where do computers usually use UTC?
A4: internally
Q5: What time would a computer probably use for the clock display?
A5: local time
Title: Anthropology
Topic: Social sciences and society

Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Urban Anthropology mentions that the "Third World" had habitually received most of attention; anthropologists who traditionally specialized in "other cultures" looked for them far away and started to look "across the tracks" only in late 1960s.

Q1: What do some authors state anthropology developed as the study of?
A1: "other cultures
Q2: A past society would be an other culture separated by what temporal aspect?
A2: time
Q3: What other cultures are said to be separated by space, what is actually meant?
A3: non-European/non-Western societies
Q4: Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, "Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology"?
A4: Ulf Hannerz
Q5: When did anthropologists stop looking for cultures far away and instead began to "look across the tracks"?
A5: only in late 1960s
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules for later use, such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Certain bacterial species, such as the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, produce internal gas vesicles, which they use to regulate their buoyancy – allowing them to move up or down into water layers with different light intensities and nutrient levels. Intracellular membranes called chromatophores are also found in membranes of phototrophic bacteria. Used primarily for photosynthesis, they contain bacteriochlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. An early idea was that bacteria might contain membrane folds termed mesosomes, but these were later shown to be artifacts produced by the chemicals used to prepare the cells for electron microscopy. Inclusions are considered to be nonliving components of the cell that do not possess metabolic activity and are not bounded by membranes. The most common inclusions are glycogen, lipid droplets, crystals, and pigments. Volutin granules are cytoplasmic inclusions of complexed inorganic polyphosphate. These granules are called metachromatic granules due to their displaying the metachromatic effect; they appear red or blue when stained with the blue dyes methylene blue or toluidine blue. Gas vacuoles, which are freely permeable to gas, are membrane-bound vesicles present in some species of Cyanobacteria. They allow the bacteria to control their buoyancy. Microcompartments are widespread, membrane-bound organelles that are made of a protein shell that surrounds and encloses various enzymes. Carboxysomes are bacterial microcompartments that contain enzymes involved in carbon fixation. Magnetosomes are bacterial microcompartments, present in magnetotactic bacteria, that contain magnetic crystals.

Q1: What types of intracellar nutrient can bacteria produce?
A1: glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates
Q2: How does gas vesicles produced by Cyanobacteria help her to move in water?
A2: move up or down into water layers with different light intensities
Q3: What are chromatophores used for?
A3: photosynthesis
Q4: What are the most common nonliving compositions in bacteria?
A4: glycogen, lipid droplets, crystals, and pigments
Q5: What gas vacuoles are respoonsible for in bacteria?
A5: to control their buoyancy
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

Some bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica have the longest known non-stop flight of any migrant, flying 11,000 km from Alaska to their New Zealand non-breeding areas. Prior to migration, 55 percent of their bodyweight is stored as fat to fuel this uninterrupted journey.

Q1: Which bird has the longest migration?
A1: bar-tailed godwits
Q2: How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate?
A2: 11,000 km
Q3: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate from
A3: Alaska
Q4: Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate to?
A4: New Zealand
Q5: How much of the bar-tailed godwits bodyweight is stored as fat before migration?
A5: 55 percent
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

Some biographical accounts include the autobiography Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black by Gregory Howard Williams; One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life—A Story of Race and Family Secrets written by Bliss Broyard about her father Anatole Broyard; the documentary Colored White Boy about a white man in North Carolina who discovers that he is the descendant of a white plantation owner and a raped African slave; and the documentary on The Sanders Women of Shreveport, Louisiana.

Q1: What documentary features a white man in North Carolina?
A1: Colored White Boy
Q2: Who is related to Bliss Broyard?
A2: Anatole Broyard
Q3: Gregory Howard Williams wrote what type of book?
A3: autobiography
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Some bird species undertake shorter migrations, travelling only as far as is required to avoid bad weather or obtain food. Irruptive species such as the boreal finches are one such group and can commonly be found at a location in one year and absent the next. This type of migration is normally associated with food availability. Species may also travel shorter distances over part of their range, with individuals from higher latitudes travelling into the existing range of conspecifics; others undertake partial migrations, where only a fraction of the population, usually females and subdominant males, migrates. Partial migration can form a large percentage of the migration behaviour of birds in some regions; in Australia, surveys found that 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerines were partially migratory. Altitudinal migration is a form of short distance migration in which birds spend the breeding season at higher altitudes elevations and move to lower ones during suboptimal conditions. It is most often triggered by temperature changes and usually occurs when the normal territories also become inhospitable due to lack of food. Some species may also be nomadic, holding no fixed territory and moving according to weather and food availability. Parrots as a family are overwhelmingly neither migratory nor sedentary but considered to either be dispersive, irruptive, nomadic or undertake small and irregular migrations.

Q1: In Australia, what percentage of non-passerine birds were partially migratory
A1: 44%
Q2: In Australia, what percentage of passerine birds were partially migratory
A2: 32%
Q3: What is most often triggered by temperature changes?
A3: Altitudinal migration
Q4: Which family of birds are neither migratory or sedentary but considered to be dispersive, irruptive or nomadic?
A4: Parrots
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Some birds, especially corvids and parrots, are among the most intelligent animals; several bird species make and use tools, and many social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered a form of culture. Many species annually migrate great distances. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and bird songs, and participating in such social behaviours as cooperative breeding and hunting, flocking, and mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, but rarely for life. Other species have polygynous ("many females") or, rarely, polyandrous ("many males") breeding systems. Birds produce offspring by laying eggs which are fertilized through sexual reproduction. They are usually laid in a nest and incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching. Some birds, such as hens, lay eggs even when not fertilized, though unfertilized eggs do not produce offspring.

Q1: Which type of birds are among the most intelligent animals?
A1: corvids and parrots
Q2: How to birds produce offspring?
A2: by laying eggs which are fertilized through sexual reproduction
Q3: Where are eggs usually laid?
A3: nest
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms.

Q1: What are some dogs prone to?
A1: genetic ailments
Q2: What are all dogs susceptible to?
A2: parasites
Q3: Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?
A3: unspayed
Q4: Who does pyometra affect?
A4: unspayed females
Q5: What are fleas, ticks and mites called?
A5: parasites
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some claim that there is education inequality because children did not exceed the education of their parents. This education inequality is then associated with income inequality. Although critical thinking is a goal of education, criticism and blame are often the unintended by products of our current educational process. Students often blame their teachers and their textbooks, despite the availability of libraries and the internet. When someone tries to improve education, the educational establishment itself occasionally showers the person with criticism rather than gratitude. Better by products of an educational system would be gratitude and determination.

Q1: What are some of the claims being pointed towards education inequality?
A1: children did not exceed the education of their parents
Q2: Who do students often blame for their education short comings?
A2: teachers and their textbooks
Q3: What happens when someone tries to improve education?
A3: the educational establishment itself occasionally showers the person with criticism rather than gratitude
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Some clock-shift problems could be avoided by adjusting clocks continuously or at least more gradually—for example, Willett at first suggested weekly 20-minute transitions—but this would add complexity and has never been implemented.

Q1: Willett's first suggestion was to change clocks by 20 minutes how often?
A1: weekly
Q2: What drawback would changing clocks gradually add to the process?
A2: complexity
Q3: What could be avoided by changing clocks more gradually more often?
A3: Some clock-shift problems
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Some commentators have defined reverse discrimination as a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority.[non-primary source needed] Many argue that reverse discrimination results from affirmative action policies and that these policies are just another form of discrimination no different from examples in the past. People like Ward Connerly assert that affirmative action requires the very discrimination it is seeking to eliminate. According to these opponents, this contradiction might make affirmative action counter-productive. One argument for reverse discrimination is the idea that affirmative action encourages mediocrity and incompetence. Job positions would not be offered to the applicants who are the most qualified, but to applicants with a special trait such as a certain race, ethnicity, or gender. For example, opponents say affirmative action causes unprepared applicants to be accepted in highly demanding educational institutions or jobs which result in eventual failure (see, for example, Richard Sander's study of affirmative action in Law School, bar exam and eventual performance at law firms). Other opponents say that affirmative action lowers the bar and so denies those who strive for excellence on their own merit and the sense of real achievement. Opponents of affirmative action suggest that merit should be the primary factor considered in applying for job positions, college, graduate school, etc.

Q1: What is a definition of reverse discrimination?
A1: a policy or practice in which members of a majority are discriminated against in favor of a historically disadvantaged group or minority
Q2: What do some commentators claim the irony of policies resulting from affirmative action is?
A2: these policies are just another form of discrimination
Q3: Who is an example of someone that states that affirmative action is another form of discrimination?
A3: Ward Connerly
Q4: What does the opposition of affirmative action believe should be the main key in determining acceptance in employment or education?
A4: merit
Q5: An argument against affirmative action is that it encourages what?
A5: mediocrity and incompetence
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some common epithets of Apollo as a healer are "paion" (παιών, literally "healer" or "helper") "epikourios" (ἐπικουρώ, "help"), "oulios" (οὐλή, "healed wound", also a "scar" ) and "loimios" (λοιμός, "plague"). In classical times, his strong function in popular religion was to keep away evil, and was therefore called "apotropaios" (ἀποτρέπω, "divert", "deter", "avert") and "alexikakos" (from v. ἀλέξω + n. κακόν, "defend from evil"). In later writers, the word, usually spelled "Paean", becomes a mere epithet of Apollo in his capacity as a god of healing.

Q1: What is a comon epithet of Apollo as a healer?
A1: paion
Q2: In classical times, what was Apollo's strong function in popular religion?
A2: keep away evil,
Q3: What is a word for "defent from evil?"
A3: alexikakos
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

Some computers are designed to distribute their work across several CPUs in a multiprocessing configuration, a technique once employed only in large and powerful machines such as supercomputers, mainframe computers and servers. Multiprocessor and multi-core (multiple CPUs on a single integrated circuit) personal and laptop computers are now widely available, and are being increasingly used in lower-end markets as a result.

Q1: Multiprocessor and multi-core computers have multiples of what?
A1: CPUs
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Some consider koshari (a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni) to be the national dish. Fried onions can be also added to koshari. In addition, ful medames (mashed fava beans) is one of the most popular dishes. Fava bean is also used in making falafel (also known as "ta'meyya"), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East. Garlic fried with coriander is added to mulukhiyya, a popular green soup made from finely chopped jute leaves, sometimes with chicken or rabbit.

Q1: What is koshari?
A1: mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni
Q2: What can be added to koshari?
A2: Fried onions
Q3: What beans are used to make falafel?
A3: Fava bean
Q4: What is a polular green soup of Egypt?
A4: mulukhiyya
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

Some consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionless images to deliver a narrative.

Q1: Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some?
A1: Wordless novels
Q2: Storyboards are used a lot by what?
A2: Film studios
Q3: Storyboards are not considered what?
A3: an end product
Q4: Who does not often see storyboards used in film making?
A4: the public
Q5: A book with pictures with no captions that tell a story are called what?
A5: Wordless novels
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

Some contemporaries alleged that Bonaparte was put under house arrest at Nice for his association with the Robespierres following their fall in the Thermidorian Reaction in July 1794, but Napoleon's secretary Bourrienne disputed the allegation in his memoirs. According to Bourrienne, jealousy was responsible, between the Army of the Alps and the Army of Italy (with whom Napoleon was seconded at the time). Bonaparte dispatched an impassioned defense in a letter to the commissar Salicetti, and he was subsequently acquitted of any wrongdoing.

Q1: Where was Napoleon put under house arrest?
A1: Nice
Q2: What historical event brought about the fall of the Robespierres?
A2: the Thermidorian Reaction
Q3: When did the Thermidorian Reaction take place?
A3: July 1794
Q4: At the time of his house arrest, Napoleon was serving with what military entity?
A4: the Army of Italy
Q5: After his house arrest, who was the commissar that Napoleon sent a letter to protesting innocence?
A5: Salicetti
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

Some copyright owners voluntarily reduce the scope of what is considered infringement by employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing strategies: rather than privately negotiating license terms with individual users who must first seek out the copyright owner and ask for permission, the copyright owner publishes and distributes the work with a prepared license that anyone can use, as long as they adhere to certain conditions. This has the effect of reducing infringement – and the burden on courts – by simply permitting certain types of uses under terms that the copyright owner considers reasonable. Examples include free software licenses, like the GNU General Public License (GPL), and the Creative Commons licenses, which are predominantly applied to visual and literary works.

Q1: What do some copyright owners do by reducing the scope of infringement?
A1: employing relatively permissive, "open" licensing
Q2: What must a user do under a prepared license?
A2: adhere to certain conditions
Q3: Besides lessening the burden on the courts, what is the effect of this license?
A3: reducing infringement
Q4: What is an example of a free software license?
A4: GNU General Public License
Q5: What works do Creative Commons licenses generally apply to?
A5: visual and literary works
Title: Renewable_energy_commercialization
Topic: Engineering and technology

Some countries are eliminating or reducing climate disrupting subsidies and Belgium, France, and Japan have phased out all subsidies for coal. Germany is reducing its coal subsidy. The subsidy dropped from $5.4 billion in 1989 to $2.8 billion in 2002, and in the process Germany lowered its coal use by 46 percent. China cut its coal subsidy from $750 million in 1993 to $240 million in 1995 and more recently has imposed a high-sulfur coal tax. However, the United States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries.

Q1: What country is reducing its coal subsidy?
A1: Germany
Q2: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?
A2: United States
Q3: Some countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance?
A3: coal
Title: Supreme_court
Topic: Language and literature

Some countries have multiple "supreme courts" whose respective jurisdictions have different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law. In particular, countries with a federal system of government typically[citation needed] have both a federal supreme court (such as the Supreme Court of the United States), and supreme courts for each member state (such as the Supreme Court of Nevada), with the former having jurisdiction over the latter only to the extent that the federal constitution extends federal law over state law. Jurisdictions with a civil law system often have a hierarchy of administrative courts separate from the ordinary courts, headed by a supreme administrative court as it the case in the Netherlands. A number of jurisdictions also maintain a separate constitutional court (first developed in the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920), such as Austria, France, Germany, Luxemburg, Portugal, Spain and South Africa.

Q1: Countries with more than one supreme court may divide their primacy by what factors?
A1: different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law
Q2: What is an example of the highest court in a federal system of government?
A2: the Supreme Court of the United States
Q3: What are some countries that have a separate supreme court to decide constitutional matters?
A3: Austria, France, Germany, Luxemburg, Portugal, Spain and South Africa
Q4: A court system with a hierarchy of different administrative courts occurs in what kind of legal system?
A4: a civil law system