LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

Until the 1990s further replays would be played until one team was victorious. Some ties took as many as six matches to settle; in their 1975 campaign, Fulham played a total of 12 games over six rounds, which remains the most games played by a team to reach a final. Replays were traditionally played three or four days after the original game, but from 1991–92 they were staged at least 10 days later on police advice. This led to penalty shoot-outs being introduced, the first of which came on 26 November 1991 when Rotherham United eliminated Scunthorpe United.

Q1: Do clubs replay each other?
A1: Until the 1990s further replays would be played until one team was victorious.
Q2: What is the most games played a team to reach the final?
A2: 12 games over six rounds, which remains the most games played by a team to reach a final
Q3: When are replays played?
A3: . Replays were traditionally played three or four days after the original game, but from 1991–92 they were staged at least 10 days later on police advice.
Q4: When was the first penalty kick?
A4: penalty shoot-outs being introduced, the first of which came on 26 November 1991
Q5: What clubs were playing during the first penalty?
A5: Rotherham United eliminated Scunthorpe United.
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not develop to the extent that contemporary Divan poetry did. A large part of the reason for this was that much prose was expected to adhere to the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose, a type of writing descended from the Arabic saj' and which prescribed that between each adjective and noun in a string of words, such as a sentence, there must be a rhyme. Nevertheless, there was a tradition of prose in the literature of the time, though exclusively non-fictional in nature. One apparent exception was Muhayyelât ("Fancies") by Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi, a collection of stories of the fantastic written in 1796, though not published until 1867. The first novel published in the Ottoman Empire was by an Armenian named Vartan Pasha. Published in 1851, the novel was entitled The Story of Akabi (Turkish: Akabi Hikyayesi) and was written in Turkish but with Armenian script.

Q1: Prose in the Ottoman empire did not develop to a higher level until which century?
A1: the 19th century
Q2: What rules did Ottoman prose have to follow?
A2: the rules of sec (سجع, also transliterated as seci), or rhymed prose
Q3: What did the rules of sec require?
A3: between each adjective and noun in a string of words, such as a sentence, there must be a rhyme
Q4: Who wrote Muhayyelât?
A4: Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi
Q5: When was Muhayyelât written?
A5: 1796
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.

Q1: Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?
A1: Oxford and Cambridge
Q2: The first third of what was translated at the abbey?
A2: King James Bible Old Testament
Q3: The last half of what was also translated at the abbey?
A3: New Testament
Q4: The New English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?
A4: 20th century
Q5: Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1940?
A5: the Blitz
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world. Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20th centuries and became increasingly accessible to the masses. In Britain, the move from Industrial Revolution to modernity saw the arrival of new civic universities with an emphasis on science and engineering, a movement initiated in 1960 by Sir Keith Murray (chairman of the University Grants Committee) and Sir Samuel Curran, with the formation of the University of Strathclyde. The British also established universities worldwide, and higher education became available to the masses not only in Europe.

Q1: Ending with what century did religion play a smaller part in the curriculum of universities?
A1: 19th
Q2: what model of university structure was being used throughout the world at the finish of the 19th century?
A2: the German university model
Q3: What was the focus of universities in the 20th century?
A3: science
Q4: Who was Sir Keith Murray?
A4: chairman of the University Grants Committee
Q5: What university did Sir Samuel Curran contribute to the creation of?
A5: the University of Strathclyde
Title: Russian_language
Topic: Language and literature

Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech.

Q1: When did Russian language spread to the peasants?
A1: the 20th century
Q2: Who spoke Russian before the 20th century?
A2: the upper noble classes and urban population
Q3: When did the Soviets establish required education?
A3: the mid-20th century
Q4: What nonstandard feature does Southern Russian use?
A4: fricative
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Topic: Language and literature

Until the 20th century, there was no clear record of the number of Venezuelans who emigrated to the United States. Between the 18th and early 19th centuries, there were many European immigrants who went to Venezuela, only to later migrate to the United States along with their children and grandchildren who born and/or grew up in Venezuela speaking Spanish. From 1910 to 1930, it is estimated that over 4,000 South Americans each year emigrated to the United States; however, there are few specific figures indicating these statistics. Many Venezuelans settled in the United States with hopes of receiving a better education, only to remain in there following graduation. They are frequently joined by relatives. However, since the early 1980s, the reasons for Venezuelan emigration have changed to include hopes of earning a higher salary and due to the economic fluctuations in Venezuela which also promoted an important migration of Venezuelan professionals to the US.

Q1: When did the Venezuelans emigrate to the united states?
A1: Until the 20th century, there was no clear record of the number of Venezuelans who emigrated to the United States.
Q2: Does Venezuela have immigrates from other countries?
A2: Between the 18th and early 19th centuries, there were many European immigrants who went to Venezuela
Q3: Why did Venezuelans come to America?
A3: Many Venezuelans settled in the United States with hopes of receiving a better education, only to remain in there following graduation.
Q4:  Do Venezuelans still come to America for the same reasons as they did before?
A4: since the early 1980s, the reasons for Venezuelan emigration have changed to include hopes of earning a higher salary
Title: Georgian_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Until the Church Building Act of 1818, the period saw relatively few churches built in Britain, which was already well-supplied, although in the later years of the period the demand for Non-conformist and Roman Catholic places of worship greatly increased. Anglican churches that were built were designed internally to allow maximum audibility, and visibility, for preaching, so the main nave was generally wider and shorter than in medieval plans, and often there were no side-aisles. Galleries were common in new churches. Especially in country parishes, the external appearance generally retained the familiar signifiers of a Gothic church, with a tower or spire, a large west front with one or more doors, and very large windows along the nave, but all with any ornament drawn from the classical vocabulary. Where funds permitted, a classical temple portico with columns and a pediment might be used at the west front. Decoration inside was very limited, but churches filled up with monuments to the prosperous.

Q1: What act spurred to building of new churches in Britain?
A1: Church Building Act of 1818
Q2: The later years of the period saw the demand for which places of worship increase?
A2: Non-conformist and Roman Catholic
Q3: What were Anglican churches internally designed for?
A3: maximum audibility, and visibility
Q4: What were common in new churches?
A4: Galleries
Q5: Churches filled up with monuments to what?
A5: monuments to the prosperous
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a Polish–Lithuanian monarch. Every newly elected king was supposed to sign two documents—the Pacta conventa ("agreed pacts")—a confirmation of the king's pre-election promises, and Henrican articles (artykuły henrykowskie, named after the first freely elected king, Henry of Valois). The latter document served as a virtual Polish constitution and contained the basic laws of the Commonwealth:

Q1: Who was the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty?
A1: Sigismund II Augustus
Q2: What stopped after the death of Sigismund II Augustus?
A2: monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family
Q3: After 1573 who could become a polish-lithuanian monarch?
A3: any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood
Q4: How many documents should the new elected king sign?
A4: two documents
Q5: What was contained in the Henrican articles and the Pacta conventa?
A5: basic laws of the Commonwealth
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Until the end of his life, Bell and his family would alternate between the two homes, but Beinn Bhreagh would, over the next 30 years, become more than a summer home as Bell became so absorbed in his experiments that his annual stays lengthened. Both Mabel and Bell became immersed in the Baddeck community and were accepted by the villagers as "their own".[N 22] The Bells were still in residence at Beinn Bhreagh when the Halifax Explosion occurred on December 6, 1917. Mabel and Bell mobilized the community to help victims in Halifax.

Q1: Where did the Bells live when the Halifax Explosion happened?
A1: Beinn Bhreagh
Q2: On what day did the Halifax Explosion happen?
A2: December 6, 1917
Q3: Which of their two homes did the Bells start spending more time as Bell aged?
A3: Beinn Bhreagh
Q4: What city adopted the Bells?
A4: Baddeck
Q5: What did the Bells do to help the victims in Halifax?
A5: mobilized the community
Title: Mali
Topic: Geography and places

Until the military coup of 22 March 2012 and a second military coup in December 2012, Mali was a constitutional democracy governed by the Constitution of 12 January 1992, which was amended in 1999. The constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The system of government can be described as "semi-presidential". Executive power is vested in a president, who is elected to a five-year term by universal suffrage and is limited to two terms.

Q1: What year was the constitution amended from the previous one of 1992?
A1: 1999
Q2: The newer constitution divide power among what branches of government?
A2: the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government
Q3: How many years is one presidential term for?
A3: five-year
Q4: How many total terms can a president be elected for?
A4: two terms
Q5: Executive power is given to what person within the government?
A5: president
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

Until the period following World War I the Near East and the Middle East coexisted, but they were not always seen as distinct. Bertram Lenox Simpson, a colonial officer killed eventually in China, uses the terms together in his 1910 book, The Conflict of Color, as "the Near and Middle East." The total super-region consisted of "India, Afghanistan, Persia, Arabistan, Asia Minor, and last, but not least, Egypt." Simpson (under his pen-name, Weale) explains that this entire region "is politically one region – in spite of the divisions into which it is academically divided." His own term revives "the Nearer East" as opposed to "the Far East."

Q1: The Near East and the Middle East coexisted until what period?
A1: the period following World War I
Q2: Who was the colonial officer killed in China?
A2: Bertram Lenox Simpson
Q3: Who wrote the 1910 book 'The Conflict of Color'?
A3: Bertram Lenox Simpson
Q4: What was Simpson's pen-name?
A4: Weale
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

Until the second half of the 15th century the empire had a Christian majority, under the rule of a Muslim minority. In the late 19th century, the non-Muslim population of the empire began to fall considerably, not only due to secession, but also because of migratory movements. The proportion of Muslims amounted to 60% in the 1820s, gradually increasing to 69% in the 1870s and then to 76% in the 1890s. By 1914, only 19.1% of the empire's population was non-Muslim, mostly made up of Christian Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, and Jews.

Q1: The Empire had a Christian majority until what time?
A1: the second half of the 15th century
Q2: What group ruled the empire until the 15th century?
A2: a Muslim minority
Q3: What group began to decline within the Empire in the late 19th century?
A3: the non-Muslim population
Q4: Muslims accounted for what amount of the population of the Empire in the 1820s?
A4: 60%
Q5: In 1914 what portion of the Empire weren't Muslims?
A5: 19.1%
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The following year they decided to adopt the Bofors 40 mm and a twin barrel Vickers 2-pdr (40 mm) on a modified naval mount. The air-cooled Bofors was vastly superior for land use, being much lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom, and UK production of the Bofors 40 mm was licensed. The Predictor AA No 3, as the Kerrison Predictor was officially known, was introduced with it.

Q1: Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I?
A1: RAF
Q2: The military was not allowed to use anything that was bigger than what?
A2: .50-inch
Q3: What was determined to be the smallest effective round in 1935?
A3: an impact fused 2 lb HE shell
Q4: What was lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom?
A4: The air-cooled Bofors
Q5: What is the Kerrison Predictor's official name?
A5: The Predictor AA No 3
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Unusually among the Olympic deities, Apollo had two cult sites that had widespread influence: Delos and Delphi. In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality. Apollo's cult was already fully established when written sources commenced, about 650 BCE. Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as Apollodorus or Apollonios and cities named Apollonia testify to his popularity. Oracular sanctuaries to Apollo were established in other sites. In the 2nd and 3rd century CE, those at Didyma and Clarus pronounced the so-called "theological oracles", in which Apollo confirms that all deities are aspects or servants of an all-encompassing, highest deity. "In the 3rd century, Apollo fell silent. Julian the Apostate (359 - 61) tried to revive the Delphic oracle, but failed."

Q1: which two cult sites had widespread infuence?
A1: Delos and Delphi
Q2: Who tried to revive the Delphic oracle?
A2: Julian the Apostate
Q3: In what did Apollo confirm that all deities are aspects of servants of an all-encopassing highest deity?
A3: theological oracles
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Topic: Sports and recreation

Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannon. This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.

Q1: In what year did Arsenal first create a crest for the team?
A1: 1888
Q2: What part of the Arsenal crest is sometimes mistaken for chimneys?
A2: three cannon
Q3: After the team moved to what city were the cannon left off the crest?
A3: Highbury
Q4: What nickname prompted a return to the canon on the club crest?
A4: The Gunners
Q5: In what year was the canon image further refined on the Arsenal crest?
A5: 1925
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

Unwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple disks to be stacked, much as a conventional changer handled 78s. The short playing time of a single 45 rpm side meant that long works, such as symphonies, had to be released on multiple 45s instead of a single LP, but RCA claimed that the new high-speed changer rendered side breaks so brief as to be inaudible or inconsequential. Early 45 rpm records were made from either vinyl or polystyrene. They had a playing time of eight minutes.

Q1: What did RCA release to complete against Columbia's LP?
A1: The 45 rpm player
Q2: What materials were 45 rpm records made of?
A2: vinyl or polystyrene
Q3: What was the play time of a 45 rpm
A3: eight minutes
Q4: What was the size of a RCA Victor 45 rpm?
A4: 7 inches
Title: Namibia
Topic: Social sciences and society

Up to 1990, English, German and Afrikaans were official languages. Long before Namibia's independence from South Africa, SWAPO was of the opinion that the country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which was seen by them as "a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation." Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as the sole official language of Namibia though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. Its implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system. Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools. It is expected of private schools to follow the same policy as state schools, and "English language" is a compulsory subject. As in other postcolonial African societies, the push for monolingual instruction and policy has resulted in a high rate of school drop-outs and of individuals whose academic competence in any language is low.

Q1: German, English, and Afrikaans were the official languages until when in Namibia?
A1: 1990
Q2: SWAPO thought Namibia should have what type of official language?
A2: monolingual
Q3: What is the primary language of Namibia, as SWAPO instituted?
A3: English
Q4: How many Namibian's speak English?
A4: 3%
Q5: There was a high rate of what due to monolingual instruction?
A5: school drop-outs
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

Up to 600 pro-Tibet protesters were expected to attend the relay, along with between 2,000 and 10,000 Chinese supporters. Taking note of the high number of Chinese supporters, Ted Quinlan, head of the Canberra torch relay committee, said: "We didn't expect this reaction from the Chinese community. It is obviously a well-coordinated plan to take the day by weight of numbers. But we have assurances that it will be done peacefully.". Also, Australia's ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope confirmed that the Chinese embassy was closely involve to ensure that "pro-China demonstrators vastly outnumbered Tibetan activists." Australian freestyle swimmer and five-time Olympic gold medalist Ian Thorpe ended the Australian leg of the torch relay April 24, 2008, touching the flame to light a cauldron after a run that was only marginally marked by protests. People demonstrated both for China and for Tibet. At least five people were arrested during the torch relay. Police said "the five were arrested for interfering with the event under special powers enacted in the wake of massive protests against Chinese policy toward Tibet." At one point, groups of Chinese students surrounded and intimidated pro-Tibet protesters. One person had to be pulled aboard a police launch when a group of pro-Chinese students looked like they might force him into the lake.

Q1: Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee?
A1: Ted Quinlan
Q2: How many supporters of Tibet were expected in Canberra to protest?
A2: 600
Q3: ACT Chief Minister Jon Stanhope said which organization intended to ensure that China supporters outweighed Tibet supporters?
A3: the Chinese embassy
Q4: Which athlete carried the torch for the final leg?
A4: Ian Thorpe
Q5: How many supporters of Tibet were expected to attend the torch relay?
A5: Up to 600
Q6: It was thought that how many Chinese supporters would attend the torch relay?
A6: between 2,000 and 10,000
Q7: Who did not expect that reaction from the Chinese community?
A7: Ted Quinlan
Q8: Who was involved to ensure the pro Chinese demonstrators outweighed the Tibetan demonstrators?
A8: the Chinese embassy
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating the Gregorian equivalent of February 29 (Julian), to remember that February 29 is discounted. Thus if the calculated value is -4 the Gregorian equivalent of this date is February 24.

Q1: How many days do you subtract to convert days from a calendar?
A1: subtract one day
Q2: What does one need to remember about  the date of February 29 in the Julian calendar?
A2: February 29 is discounted
Q3: If you need a date of four days less, what do you subtract from the Julian calendar?
A3: -4
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

Up to the 1990s, the Federal District was the most populous federal entity in Mexico, but since then its population has remained stable at around 8.7 million. The growth of the city has extended beyond the limits of the Federal District to 59 municipalities of the state of Mexico and 1 in the state of Hidalgo. With a population of approximately 19.8 million inhabitants (2008), it is one of the most populous conurbations in the world. Nonetheless, the annual rate of growth of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City is much lower than that of other large urban agglomerations in Mexico, a phenomenon most likely attributable to the environmental policy of decentralization. The net migration rate of the Federal District from 1995 to 2000 was negative.

Q1: How many people live in the Federal District? 
A1: 8.7 million
Q2: What is the overall population of Mexico City in 2008?
A2: 19.8 million
Q3: What was the migration rate of Mexico City from 95-2000?
A3: negative
Q4: Compared to other cities in Mexico, Mexico City's growth is?
A4: much lower
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Up until the mid-14th century, Europe had experienced steadily increasing urbanisation. Cities were also decimated by the Black Death, but the role of urban areas as centres of learning, commerce and government ensured continued growth. By 1500, Venice, Milan, Naples, Paris and Constantinople each probably had more than 100,000 inhabitants. Twenty-two other cities were larger than 40,000; most of these were in Italy and the Iberian peninsula, but there were also some in France, the Empire, the Low Countries, plus London in England.

Q1: Which European cities likely had populations greater than 100,000 in 1500?
A1: Venice, Milan, Naples, Paris and Constantinople
Q2: How many other cities had populations larger than 40,000 by 1500?
A2: Twenty-two
Q3: What event decimated urban populations in the 14th century?
A3: the Black Death
Q4: Which English city had a population greater than 40,000 in 1500?
A4: London
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

Up until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information. A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information after a 24-hour delay. Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can store information for longer periods of time; 6-month-olds can recall information after a 24-hour period, 9-month-olds after up to five weeks, and 20-month-olds after as long as twelve months. In addition, studies have shown that with age, infants can store information faster. Whereas 14-month-olds can recall a three-step sequence after being exposed to it once, 6-month-olds need approximately six exposures in order to be able to remember it.

Q1: In 1960 did people believe an infant was able to remember things?
A1: Up until the middle of the 1980s it was assumed that infants could not encode, retain, and retrieve information.
Q2: What is the minimum age researchers think a child begins to have memory?
A2: . A growing body of research now indicates that infants as young as 6-months can recall information
Q3: Does a persons memory capacity increase with age?
A3: Furthermore, research has revealed that as infants grow older they can store information for longer periods of time
Q4: Who has a better memory retention a 6 month old or a 9 month old?
A4: 9-month-olds
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language which was the heart of the machine. Among the many innovations in Color QuickDraw were the ability to handle any display size, any color depth, and multiple monitors. The Macintosh II marked the start of a new direction for the Macintosh, as now for the first time it had an open architecture with several NuBus expansion slots, support for color graphics and external monitors, and a modular design similar to that of the IBM PC. It had an internal hard drive and a power supply with a fan, which was initially fairly loud. One third-party developer sold a device to regulate fan speed based on a heat sensor, but it voided the warranty. Later Macintosh computers had quieter power supplies and hard drives.

Q1: Whose technology did Apple take advantage of when introducing the Macintosh II?
A1: Motorola
Q2: What powered the Macintosh II?
A2: a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor
Q3: How much did the Macintosh II sell for?
A3: $5500
Q4: What marked the start of a new direction for Macintosh?
A4: The Macintosh II
Q5: What was the Macintosh II's new modular design similar to?
A5: the IBM PC
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

Upon being confirmed in 1966, she adopted Veronica as a confirmation name. She was raised in the Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township (now Rochester Hills). Months before her mother died of breast cancer, Madonna noticed changes in her behavior and personality, although she did not understand the reason. Her mother was at a loss to explain her medical condition, and often began to cry when Madonna questioned her about it. Madonna later acknowledged that she had not grasped the concept of her mother dying.

Q1: Which name did Madonna adopted as her confirmation name?
A1: Veronica
Q2: Which disease did her mother passed away from?
A2: breast cancer
Q3: Where was Madonna raised?
A3: Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township
Q4: What was Madonna's mother's reaction to her questioning about her illness?
A4: cry
Title: Film_speed
Topic: Engineering and technology

Upon exposure, the amount of light energy that reaches the film determines the effect upon the emulsion. If the brightness of the light is multiplied by a factor and the exposure of the film decreased by the same factor by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture, so that the energy received is the same, the film will be developed to the same density. This rule is called reciprocity. The systems for determining the sensitivity for an emulsion are possible because reciprocity holds. In practice, reciprocity works reasonably well for normal photographic films for the range of exposures between 1/1000 second to 1/2 second. However, this relationship breaks down outside these limits, a phenomenon known as reciprocity failure.

Q1: What determines the effect on the emulsion after exposure?
A1: the amount of light energy that reaches the film
Q2: In what range of exposures does reciprocity usually work?
A2: between 1/1000 second to 1/2 second
Q3: How is the exposure of film changed?
A3: by varying the camera's shutter speed and aperture
Q4: How are ways of finding an emulsion's sensitivity possible?
A4: because reciprocity holds
Q5: What happens outside the 1/1000 second to 1/second exposure range?
A5: reciprocity failure
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

Upon graduating in September 1785, Bonaparte was commissioned a second lieutenant in La Fère artillery regiment.[note 4] He served in Valence and Auxonne until after the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789, and took nearly two years' leave in Corsica and Paris during this period. At this time, he was a fervent Corsican nationalist, and wrote to Corsican leader Pasquale Paoli in May 1789, "As the nation was perishing I was born. Thirty thousand Frenchmen were vomited on to our shores, drowning the throne of liberty in waves of blood. Such was the odious sight which was the first to strike me."

Q1: When did Napoleon graduate?
A1: September 1785
Q2: What commission did Napoleon receive upon his graduation?
A2: second lieutenant
Q3: What military unit did Napoleon first serve in after his graduation?
A3: La Fère artillery regiment
Q4: What Corsican leader did Napoleon write in 1789 expressing his nationalist sentiments?
A4: Pasquale Paoli
Q5: When did the Revolution begin?
A5: 1789
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the pontifical name Paul VI (the first to take the name "Paul" since 1605) to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of Christ, following the example of Apostle St. Paul.[citation needed] He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which was automatically closed with the death of John XXIII, and gave it priority and direction. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of Church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform policies of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI was a Marian devotee, speaking repeatedly to Marian congresses and mariological meetings, visiting Marian shrines and issuing three Marian encyclicals. Following his famous predecessor Saint Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. Paul VI sought dialogue with the world, with other Christians, other religions, and atheists, excluding nobody. He saw himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes of the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His positions on birth control, promulgated most famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, and other political issues, were often controversial, especially in Western Europe and North America.

Q1: What type of devotee was Pope Paul VI?
A1: Marian
Q2: What name had not been used for a Pope since the year 1605?
A2: "Paul"
Q3: In what year was the name "Paul" last used as a pontifical name before Pope Paul VI became Pope?
A3: 1605
Q4: What did Pope Paul VI re-convene when he became Pope?
A4: the Second Vatican Council
Q5: What publication promoted Pope Paul VI's views on abortion?
A5: encyclical Humanae vitae
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, the Federal Republic consisted of ten states, which are referred to as the "Old States" today. West Berlin was under the sovereignty of the Western Allies and neither a Western German state nor part of one. However, it was in many ways de facto integrated with West Germany under a special status.

Q1: How many states did West Germany have at its founding?
A1: eleven
Q2: What was West Berlin under the sovereignty of?
A2: Western Allies
Q3: Which state was West Berlin apart of?
A3: neither a Western German state nor part of one
Q4: When did the Saarland form?
A4: 1957
Q5: How many states was Germany reduced to in 1952
A5: 1952
Title: East_Prussia
Topic: History

Upon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist policies, including occupation of Polish Pomerania with Gdańsk/Danzig and western Lithuania, brought them into conflict with the Kingdom of Poland and embroiled them in several wars, culminating in the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War, whereby the united armies of Poland and Lithuania, defeated the Teutonic Order at the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) in 1410. Its defeat was formalised in the Second Treaty of Thorn in 1466 ending the Thirteen Years' War, and leaving the former Polish region Pomerania/Pomerelia under Polish control. Together with Warmia it formed the province of Royal Prussia. Eastern Prussia remained under the Knights, but as a fief of Poland. 1466 and 1525 arrangements by kings of Poland were not verified by the Holy Roman Empire as well as the previous gains of the Teutonic Knights were not verified.

Q1: Which group took possession of Prussia in the 13th century?
A1: Teutonic Knights
Q2: Which two areas were slowly Germanized during the 13th century?
A2: Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms
Q3: What did the knights of expansionist polices eventually lead to?
A3: several wars
Q4: What year was the Second Treaty of Thorn enacted?
A4: 1466
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

Upon this basis, along with that of the logical content of assertions (where logical content is inversely proportional to probability), Popper went on to develop his important notion of verisimilitude or "truthlikeness". The intuitive idea behind verisimilitude is that the assertions or hypotheses of scientific theories can be objectively measured with respect to the amount of truth and falsity that they imply. And, in this way, one theory can be evaluated as more or less true than another on a quantitative basis which, Popper emphasises forcefully, has nothing to do with "subjective probabilities" or other merely "epistemic" considerations.

Q1: What term does Popper use that roughly means verisimilitude?
A1: truthlikeness
Q2: Poppers notion of verisimilitude leaves no place for which kind of probabilities in the evaluation of scientific hypotheses?
A2: subjective
Q3: What class of considerations did Popper believe were not important in scientific measurement?
A3: epistemic
Q4: What is the logical content of hypotheses inversely proportional to in Popper's reasoning?
A4: probability
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time. An unidentified settlement named 'TAMARI OSTIA' (mouth/estuaries of the Tamar) is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia and is presumed to be located in the area of the modern city.

Q1: What is the name of the location cited by Ptolemy that is believed to have been located near modern Plymouth?
A1: TAMARI OSTIA
Q2: Where have Middle Iron Age remnants been found?
A2: Mount Batten
Q3: What does 'TAMARI OSTIA' mean?
A3: mouth/estuaries of the Tamar
Title: Namibia
Topic: Social sciences and society

Uprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during this time as South-West Africa. Following internal violence, South Africa installed an interim administration in Namibia in 1985. Namibia obtained full independence from South Africa in 1990, with the exception of Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands, which remained under South African control until 1994.

Q1: What does SWAPO stand for?
A1: South West Africa People's Organisation
Q2: When was SWAPO designated as the representative of Namibian people?
A2: 1973
Q3: When Namibia was under South African administration, what was it called?
A3: South-West Africa.
Q4: Why did South Africa install an interim administration in Namibia?
A4: internal violence
Q5: When did Namibia obtain full independence?
A5: 1990
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

Uranium carbides and uranium nitrides are both relatively inert semimetallic compounds that are minimally soluble in acids, react with water, and can ignite in air to form U
3O
8. Carbides of uranium include uranium monocarbide (UC), uranium dicarbide (UC
2), and diuranium tricarbide (U
2C
3). Both UC and UC
2 are formed by adding carbon to molten uranium or by exposing the metal to carbon monoxide at high temperatures. Stable below 1800 °C, U
2C
3 is prepared by subjecting a heated mixture of UC and UC
2 to mechanical stress. Uranium nitrides obtained by direct exposure of the metal to nitrogen include uranium mononitride (UN), uranium dinitride (UN
2), and diuranium trinitride (U
2N
3).

Q1: Along with uranium monocarbide and uranium dicarbide, what is a notable carbide of uranium?
A1: diuranium tricarbide
Q2: Below what temperature is U2C3 stable?
A2: 1800 °C
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the six naturally known isotopes, uranium-233 to uranium-238, varying between 69 years and 4.5 billion years). The most common isotopes of uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for almost 99.3% of the uranium found in nature) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons, accounting for 0.7% of the element found naturally). Uranium has the second highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements, lighter only than plutonium. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, but slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite.

Q1: What is uranium's symbol on the Periodic Table of Elements?
A1: U
Q2: What is the atomic number of uranium?
A2: 92
Q3: What color is uranium?
A3: silvery-white
Q4: Of what series in the Periodic Table of Elements is uranium a part?
A4: actinide
Q5: How many valence electrons are contained in an atom of uranium?
A5: 6
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined with other elements. Along with all elements having atomic weights higher than that of iron, it is only naturally formed in supernovae. The decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium-40 in the Earth's mantle is thought to be the main source of heat that keeps the outer core liquid and drives mantle convection, which in turn drives plate tectonics.

Q1: Where does uranium rank among elements in terms of its abundance in the Earth's crust?
A1: 51st
Q2: Where is uranium naturally formed?
A2: in supernovae
Q3: Along with potassium-40 and uranium, the decay of what element is a primary heat source driving plate tectonics?
A3: thorium
Q4: In what state is the Earth's outer core?
A4: liquid
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

Uranium is more plentiful than antimony, tin, cadmium, mercury, or silver, and it is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Uranium is found in hundreds of minerals, including uraninite (the most common uranium ore), carnotite, autunite, uranophane, torbernite, and coffinite. Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as phosphate rock deposits, and minerals such as lignite, and monazite sands in uranium-rich ores (it is recovered commercially from sources with as little as 0.1% uranium).

Q1: Along with arsenic, what metal is roughly as abundant as uranium?
A1: molybdenum
Q2: Along with silver, mercury, tin and cadmium, what metal is uranium more plentiful than?
A2: antimony
Q3: What is the most prevalent uranium ore?
A3: uraninite
Q4: What mineral sometimes contains uranium?
A4: lignite
Q5: What types of rocks sometimes contain uranium?
A5: phosphate
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.

Q1: Along with lemon yellow, what color is produced in uranium glass?
A1: orange-red
Q2: Who discovered uranium in pitchblende?
A2: Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Q3: Who was responsible for first isolating uranium?
A3: Eugène-Melchior Péligot
Q4: Who discovered that uranium was radioactive?
A4: Henri Becquerel
Q5: What was the first nuclear weapon used in a war called?
A5: Little Boy
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

Uranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitride, and halide compounds. Two crystal modifications of uranium hydride exist: an α form that is obtained at low temperatures and a β form that is created when the formation temperature is above 250 °C.

Q1: At what temperature range in degrees Fahrenheit will uranium metal form uranium hydride?
A1: 482 to 572
Q2: What does uranium metal react with to create uranium hydride?
A2: hydrogen
Q3: Above what temperature is the β form of uranium hydride created?
A3: 250 °C
Q4: Along with uranium carbide and halide, what type of compound is often created with uranium hydride?
A4: nitride
Q5: How many crystal modifications of uranium hydride are extant?
A5: Two
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

Uranium metal reacts with almost all non-metal elements (with an exception of the noble gases) and their compounds, with reactivity increasing with temperature. Hydrochloric and nitric acids dissolve uranium, but non-oxidizing acids other than hydrochloric acid attack the element very slowly. When finely divided, it can react with cold water; in air, uranium metal becomes coated with a dark layer of uranium oxide. Uranium in ores is extracted chemically and converted into uranium dioxide or other chemical forms usable in industry.

Q1: What non-metal elements does uranium notably not react to?
A1: noble gases
Q2: Along with nitric acids, what acids dissolve uranium?
A2: Hydrochloric
Q3: What coats uranium metal in air?
A3: uranium oxide
Q4: What is a notable form uranium ore is converted into after extraction?
A4: uranium dioxide
Q5: What reacts with finely divided uranium?
A5: cold water
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.

Q1: What percentage range of uranium oxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?
A1: 0.01 to 0.25%
Q2: Along with underground, open pit and in-situ leaching, what sort of mining is used to mine uranium?
A2: borehole
Q3: In what country are high-grade uranium ores notably found?
A3: Canada
Q4: In what province of Canada is the Athabasca Basin?
A4: Saskatchewan
Q5: What is the average percentage of uranium oxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin?
A5: 23%