LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

The history of Jews in Greece goes back to at least the Archaic Era of Greece, when the classical culture of Greece was undergoing a process of formalization after the Greek Dark Age. The Greek historian Herodotus knew of the Jews, whom he called "Palestinian Syrians", and listed them among the levied naval forces in service of the invading Persians. While Jewish monotheism was not deeply affected by Greek Polytheism, the Greek way of living was attractive for many wealthier Jews. The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is dated to the period between 267 and 396 CE. The Stobi Synagogue in Macedonia, was built on the ruins of a more ancient synagogue in the 4th century, while later in the 5th century, the synagogue was transformed into Christian basilica.

Q1: The history of Jews in Greece goes back to which era?
A1: Archaic Era of Greece
Q2: Which Greek historian knew of the Jews?
A2: Herodotus
Q3: What did the Greek historian Herodotus refer to the Jews as?
A3: "Palestinian Syrians"
Q4: The Greek historian Herodotus listed the Jews as the levied naval forces in service to whom?
A4: the invading Persians
Q5: The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is dated to the period between which two dates?
A5: 267 and 396 CE
Title: Canon_law
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis).

Q1: Which period followed the jus antiquum?
A1: the jus novum
Q2: What is the most recent era of Latin canon law?
A2: the Code of Canon Law
Q3: What is the name for the time preceding the Code of Canon Law?
A3: the jus vetus
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

The history of a unified Tibet begins with the rule of Songtsän Gampo (604–650 CE), who united parts of the Yarlung River Valley and founded the Tibetan Empire. He also brought in many reforms, and Tibetan power spread rapidly, creating a large and powerful empire. It is traditionally considered that his first wife was the Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti, and that she played a great role in the establishment of Buddhism in Tibet. In 640 he married Princess Wencheng, the niece of the powerful Chinese emperor Taizong of Tang China.

Q1: Who founded the Tibetan Empire?
A1: Songtsän Gampo
Q2: Who did Songtsan Gampo marry in 640?
A2: Princess Wencheng
Q3: Who was Songtsan Gampo's first wife?
A3: Princess of Nepal, Bhrikuti
Q4: What did Songtsan Gampo unite?
A4: parts of the Yarlung River Valley
Title: Biodiversity
Topic: Natural sciences

The history of biodiversity during the Phanerozoic (the last 540 million years), starts with rapid growth during the Cambrian explosion—a period during which nearly every phylum of multicellular organisms first appeared. Over the next 400 million years or so, invertebrate diversity showed little overall trend, and vertebrate diversity shows an overall exponential trend. This dramatic rise in diversity was marked by periodic, massive losses of diversity classified as mass extinction events. A significant loss occurred when rainforests collapsed in the carboniferous. The worst was the Permian-Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago. Vertebrates took 30 million years to recover from this event.

Q1: Which era included a rapid growth period?
A1: the Cambrian explosion
Q2: The Phanerozoic era covers what time period?
A2: the last 540 million years
Q3: In which era, did the first phylum of multicellular organisms appear?
A3: the Cambrian explosion
Q4: What type of diversity showed an overall exponential trend?
A4: vertebrate diversity
Q5: In which event did the rainforests collapsed in the carboniferous?
A5: the Permian-Triassic extinction event
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as The Adventures of Tintin. American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning (manga) propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. Comics has had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia.

Q1: When did Rodolphe Töpffer create cartoons?
A1: 1830s
Q2: Which superhero appeared in comics in 1938?
A2: Superman
Q3: What is Japanese cartooning known as?
A3: manga
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both different cultures and different historical times, and constructivist school of history claims even that some sentiments and meta-emotions, for example Schadenfreude, are learnt and not only regulated by culture. Historians of emotion trace and analyse the changing norms and rules of feeling, while examining emotional regimes, codes, and lexicons from social, cultural or political history perspectives. Others focus on the history of medicine, science or psychology. What somebody can and may feel (and show) in a given situation, towards certain people or things, depends on social norms and rules. It is thus historically variable and open to change. Several research centers have opened in the past few years in Germany, England, Spain, Sweden and Australia.

Q1: What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can be learned?
A1: constructivist
Q2: According to the constructivists, what is an example of a learned meta-emotion?
A2: Schadenfreude
Q3: Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where has a research center on the history of emotions recently opened?
A3: Sweden
Q4: Along with class and race, what is regarded as an essential category of historical analysis?
A4: gender
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar composed by Pāṇini in the 4th century BC. In particular the Shiva Sutras, an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi, introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language, with a notational system for them that is used throughout the main text, which deals with matters of morphology, syntax and semantics.

Q1: What type of grammar was phonology first a part of?
A1: Sanskrit
Q2: What is the name of ancient Sanskrit grammar?
A2: Ashtadhyayi
Q3: Who first composed the Ashtadhyayi?
A3: Pāṇini
Q4: During what time period did Panini do his work?
A4: 4th century BC
Q5: What other text was related to the Ashtadhyayi?
A5: the Shiva Sutras
Title: Pub
Topic: History

The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.

Q1: What Roman businesses were analogous to modern day pubs?
A1: taverns
Q2: What similar establishments existed in the Anglo-Saxon world?
A2: alehouse
Q3: In what century did the tied house system develop?
A3: 19th century
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history.

Q1: What are natural and social sciences a subcategory of?
A1: The history of science
Q2: What is the history of arts and humanities called?
A2: the history of scholarship
Q3: What kind of phenomena does science study?
A3: real world
Q4: Intellectual history and social history are used in what?
A4: Historiography of science
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to late century were hard times, as the Bronx declined 1950–85 from a predominantly moderate-income to a predominantly lower-income area with high rates of violent crime and poverty. The Bronx has experienced an economic and developmental resurgence starting in the late 1980s that continues into today.

Q1: When was the Bronx's boom period?
A1: 1900–29
Q2: What was the Bronx's population in 1900?
A2: 200,000
Q3: What was the Bronx's population in 1929?
A3: 1.3 million
Q4: When did the Bronx's income declined?
A4: 1950–85
Q5: When did the Bronx's economy regrow?
A5: starting in the late 1980s
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

The history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece, Cyprus, Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Black Sea. During the Ottoman rule of Greece, a number of Greek enclaves around the Mediterranean were cut off from the core, notably in Southern Italy, the Caucasus, Syria and Egypt. By the early 20th century, over half of the overall Greek-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey), while later that century a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora.

Q1: During what period of domination were many Greeks unable to interact with it's central location ?
A1: Ottoman rule of Greece
Q2: What location did many of the Greek people decide to live in other than Greece after the 19th century ?
A2: Asia Minor (now Turkey)
Q3: What has lead to the current situation of vast dispersion of the Greek people ?
A3: a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora.
Q4: After the 19th century about how much of the Greek population resided in little Asia ?
A4: By the early 20th century, over half of the overall Greek-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey)
Q5: The anthology of the Greek world is intimately joined with what areas of the world ?
A5: history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece, Cyprus, Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Black Sea.
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The history of the Ottoman Empire during World War I began with the Ottoman engagement in the Middle Eastern theatre. There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of the war, such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut. The Arab Revolt which began in 1916 turned the tide against the Ottomans on the Middle Eastern front, where they initially seemed to have the upper hand during the first two years of the war. The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, and set the partition of the Ottoman Empire under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. This treaty, as designed in the conference of London, allowed the Sultan to retain his position and title. The occupation of Constantinople and İzmir led to the establishment of a Turkish national movement, which won the Turkish War of Independence (1919–22) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (later given the surname "Atatürk"). The sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922, and the last sultan, Mehmed VI (reigned 1918–22), left the country on 17 November 1922. The caliphate was abolished on 3 March 1924.

Q1: Where did the Ottoman empire begin its part in the first world war?
A1: Middle Eastern theatre
Q2: The Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut resulted in what?
A2: Ottoman victories
Q3: The Arab Revolt began in what year?
A3: 1916
Q4: What was the date that the Armistice of Mudros came to be signed?
A4: 30 October 1918
Q5: When did the Turkish War of Independence take place?
A5: 1919–22
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

The history of the Seven Years' War in North America, particularly the expulsion of the Acadians, the siege of Quebec, the death of Wolfe, and the Battle of Fort William Henry generated a vast number of ballads, broadsides, images, and novels (see Longfellow's Evangeline, Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe, James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans), maps and other printed materials, which testify to how this event held the imagination of the British and North American public long after Wolfe's death in 1759.

Q1: Name two major events of the Seven Years' War In North America.
A1: the expulsion of the Acadians, the siege of Quebec
Q2: Name two more major events of the Seven Years' War in North America.
A2: the death of Wolfe, and the Battle of Fort William Henry
Q3: How did the events of the Seven Years' War affects the production of art?
A3: generated a vast number of ballads, broadsides, images, and novels
Q4: What are some novels about the Seven Years' War period?
A4: Longfellow's Evangeline, Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe, James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans
Q5: What other items point to the interest in the events of the Seven Years' War?
A5: maps and other printed materials
Title: Himachal_Pradesh
Topic: Social sciences and society

The history of the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh dates back to the time when the Indus valley civilisation flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE. Tribes such as the Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars, and Kirats inhabited the region from the prehistoric era. During the Vedic period, several small republics known as "Janapada" existed which were later conquered by the Gupta Empire. After a brief period of supremacy by King Harshavardhana, the region was once again divided into several local powers headed by chieftains, including some Rajput principalities. These kingdoms enjoyed a large degree of independence and were invaded by Delhi Sultanate a number of times. Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century. Timur and Sikander Lodi also marched through the lower hills of the state and captured a number of forts and fought many battles. Several hill states acknowledged Mughal suzerainty and paid regular tribute to the Mughals.

Q1: What tribes inhibited the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh?
A1: Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars, and Kirats
Q2: What time periods did the Indus Valley civilization flourish?
A2: between 2250 and 1750 BCE
Q3: Who conquered Kangara?
A3: Mahmud Ghaznavi
Q4: When did Mahmud Ghanznavi conquer Kangara?
A4: 10th century
Q5: Who marched through the lower states and captured and forts and fought many battles?
A5: Timur and Sikander Lodi
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

The history of time in the United States includes DST during both world wars, but no standardization of peacetime DST until 1966. In May 1965, for two weeks, St. Paul, Minnesota and Minneapolis, Minnesota were on different times, when the capital city decided to join most of the nation by starting Daylight Saving Time while Minneapolis opted to follow the later date set by state law. In the mid-1980s, Clorox (parent of Kingsford Charcoal) and 7-Eleven provided the primary funding for the Daylight Saving Time Coalition behind the 1987 extension to US DST, and both Idaho senators voted for it based on the premise that during DST fast-food restaurants sell more French fries, which are made from Idaho potatoes.

Q1: What month and year were two neighboring cities in Minnesota on different time schedules?
A1: May 1965
Q2: What state supported DST because it wanted to sell more potatoes?
A2: Idaho
Q3: What company joined Clorox in funding the Daylight Saving Time Coalition in the 1980s?
A3: 7-Eleven
Q4: What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition?
A4: 1987
Q5: What year did the U.S. see standardization of DST outside of wartime for the first time?
A5: 1966
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

The hole walls for boards with two or more layers can be made conductive and then electroplated with copper to form plated-through holes.  These holes electrically connect the conducting layers of the PCB. For multi-layer boards, those with three layers or more, drilling typically produces a smear of the high temperature decomposition products of bonding agent in the laminate system. Before the holes can be plated through, this smear must be removed by a chemical de-smear process, or by plasma-etch. The de-smear process ensures that a good connection is made to the copper layers when the hole is plated through. On high reliability boards a process called etch-back is performed chemically with a potassium permanganate based etchant or plasma. The etch-back removes resin and the glass fibers so that the copper layers extend into the hole and as the hole is plated become integral with the deposited copper.

Q1: What do the hole walls in two-layer PCBs have to be before they can be electroplated?
A1: conductive
Q2: What's the minimum number of layers a PCB can have to be considered "multi-layer"?
A2: three
Q3: What process does a multi-layer PCB usually undergo before plating to make sure the layers have good connectivity with each other?
A3: de-smear
Q4: What type of boards undergo the etch-back process?
A4: high reliability
Q5: Etch-back removes glass fibers and what other material?
A5: resin
Title: Time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The hourglass uses the flow of sand to measure the flow of time. They were used in navigation. Ferdinand Magellan used 18 glasses on each ship for his circumnavigation of the globe (1522). Incense sticks and candles were, and are, commonly used to measure time in temples and churches across the globe. Waterclocks, and later, mechanical clocks, were used to mark the events of the abbeys and monasteries of the Middle Ages. Richard of Wallingford (1292–1336), abbot of St. Alban's abbey, famously built a mechanical clock as an astronomical orrery about 1330. Great advances in accurate time-keeping were made by Galileo Galilei and especially Christiaan Huygens with the invention of pendulum driven clocks along with the invention of the minute hand by Jost Burgi.

Q1: Which device uses the flow of sand to measure time?
A1: The hourglass
Q2: How many hourglasses did Magellan use on each ship during his famous voyage across the globe?
A2: 18
Q3: What method did temples and churches use to measure time?
A3: Incense sticks and candles
Q4: Which abbot of St. Alban's abbey built a mechanical clock around 1330?
A4: Richard of Wallingford
Q5: Who is credited with the invention of the minute hand?
A5: Jost Burgi.
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

The house scene in cities such as Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and London were also provided with many underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs alike which helped bolster an already contagious, but otherwise ignored by the mainstream, music genre. The earliest and influential UK house and techno record labels such as Warp Records and Network Records (otherwise known as Kool Kat records) helped introduce American and later Italian dance music to Britain as well as promoting select UK dance music acts.

Q1: what cities in the UK had major house scenes?
A1: Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield and London
Q2: what helped to bolster house music in the uk?
A2: underground Pirate Radio stations and DJs
Q3: what were the earliest and most influential record labels in UK house music?
A3: Warp Records and Network Records
Q4: what was network records also known as?
A4: Kool Kat records
Q5: what type of dance music was later introduced alongside American house music?
A5: Italian dance music
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000. Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.

Q1: In what year did William Winde design the house which forms the core of the palace?
A1: 1703
Q2: Who sold Buckingham house in 1761?
A2: Sir Charles Sheffield
Q3: How much did George III pay for the house?
A3: £21,000
Q4: In what year was the leasehold of the Mulberry site due to expire?
A4: 1774
Q5: How many flanking service wings did the original Buckingham House have?
A5: two
Q6: The house which is the core of Buckingham was first built for who?
A6: Duke of Buckingham and Normanby
Q7: Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham?
A7: William Winde
Q8: How many flanking service wings did Buckingham House have?
A8: two
Q9: Who bought Buckingham House in 1761?
A9: George III
Q10: How much did George III pay for Buckingham House? 
A10: £21,000
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does not grow in size much during adolescence. However, the creases in the brain continue to become more complex until the late teens. The biggest changes in the folds of the brain during this time occur in the parts of the cortex that process cognitive and emotional information.

Q1: Is a person's brain fully developed by the time they reach puberty?
A1: not
Q2: The brain reaches what percentage of its adult size by the time a person is six years old?
A2: 90%
Q3: The biggest changes in the brain during puberty occur in the parts of the cortex that process what kinds of information?
A3: cognitive and emotional
Q4: What parts of the brain continue to become more complex into the late teens?
A4: creases
Q5: The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person reaches what year of age?
A5: six
Title: Humanism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking out manuscripts of Patristic literature as well as pagan authors. In 1439, while employed in Naples at the court of Alfonso V of Aragon (at the time engaged in a dispute with the Papal States) the humanist Lorenzo Valla used stylistic textual analysis, now called philology, to prove that the Donation of Constantine, which purported to confer temporal powers on the Pope of Rome, was an 8th-century forgery. For the next 70 years, however, neither Valla nor any of his contemporaries thought to apply the techniques of philology to other controversial manuscripts in this way. Instead, after the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Turks in 1453, which brought a flood of Greek Orthodox refugees to Italy, humanist scholars increasingly turned to the study of Neoplatonism and Hermeticism, hoping to bridge the differences between the Greek and Roman Churches, and even between Christianity itself and the non-Christian world. The refugees brought with them Greek manuscripts, not only of Plato and Aristotle, but also of the Christian Gospels, previously unavailable in the Latin West.

Q1: How were humanist able to identify the development of humanist thought?
A1: Latin literary texts
Q2: What was included in this quest for knowledge of the belief system?
A2: Patristic literature
Q3: If your were unsure of the authenticity of an ancient text how could you verify it?
A3: philology
Q4: What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s?
A4: Greek manuscripts
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

The humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) of central, southern and eastern Oklahoma is influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Traveling westward, the climate transitions progressively toward a semi-arid zone (Koppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about Lawton westward, less frequently touched by southern moisture. Precipitation and temperatures decline from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of generally over 40 inches (1,020 mm) and up to 56 inches (1,420 mm), while areas of the (higher-elevation) panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under 17 inches (430 mm).

Q1: What parts of Oklahoma are in a humid subtropical climate?
A1: central, southern and eastern
Q2: Where do Oklahoma's winds bring moisture from?
A2: Gulf of Mexico
Q3: What is Oklahoma's western climate type?
A3: semi-arid
Q4: Where in Oklahoma does the semi-arid zone begin?
A4: Lawton
Q5: What is the average annual temperature in southeast Oklahoma?
A5: 62 °F
Title: Immunology
Topic: Natural sciences

The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells known as B lymphocytes, while antigens are defined as anything that elicits the generation of antibodies ("anti"body "gen"erators). Immunology rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities and the cellular response to both.

Q1: Humoral immunology involves the interaction of what two elements?
A1: antibodies and antigens
Q2: What are antibodies comprised of?
A2: specific proteins
Q3: What cells produce antibodies?
A3: B lymphocytes
Q4: The term "antigen" is rooted in what two words?
A4: "anti"body "gen"erators
Q5: Immunology is the study of what type of responses to antibodies and antigens?
A5: cellular response
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

The hydraulic crane was invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846, primarily for use at the Tyneside docks for loading cargo. These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force. A water pump supplied a variable level of water pressure to a plunger encased inside a vertical cylinder, allowing the level of the platform (carrying a heavy load) to be raised and lowered. Counterweights and balances were also used to increase the lifting power of the apparatus.

Q1: Who invented the hydraulic crane in 1846?
A1: Sir William Armstrong
Q2: Were was the hydraulic crane initially used?
A2: Tyneside docks
Q3: In what manner did hydraulic cranes employ Pascal's law? 
A3: they provided a much greater force
Q4: The water pump supplied water pressure to a plunger located where?
A4: encased inside a vertical cylinder
Q5: besides water pressure, what else was used to increase the lifting power?
A5: Counterweights and balances
Title: Asthma
Topic: Natural sciences

The hygiene hypothesis attempts to explain the increased rates of asthma worldwide as a direct and unintended result of reduced exposure, during childhood, to non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It has been proposed that the reduced exposure to bacteria and viruses is due, in part, to increased cleanliness and decreased family size in modern societies. Exposure to bacterial endotoxin in early childhood may prevent the development of asthma, but exposure at an older age may provoke bronchoconstriction. Evidence supporting the hygiene hypothesis includes lower rates of asthma on farms and in households with pets.

Q1: What hypothesis tries to explain the increased amount of asthma world wide?
A1: The hygiene hypothesis
Q2: How does the hygiene hypothesis explain the increase in asthma?
A2: a direct and unintended result of reduced exposure, during childhood, to non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses
Q3: What has caused the reduced exposure in childhood?
A3: increased cleanliness and decreased family size in modern societies
Q4: What could prevent asthma?
A4: Exposure to bacterial endotoxin in early childhood
Q5: What is some of the evidence backing the hygiene hypothesis?
A5: lower rates of asthma on farms and in households with pets.
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

The hypnotic electronic dance song "On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61) synthesizer. It also utilized the bassline from Player One's disco record "Space Invaders" (1979). "On and On" is sometimes cited as the 'first house record', though other examples from around that time, such as J.M. Silk's "Music is the Key" (1985), have also been cited.

Q1: who produced the song "on and on" in 1984?
A1: Jesse Saunders
Q2: where was jesse saunders from?
A2: Chicago
Q3: who co-wrote the hit song "on and on" in 1984?
A3: Vince Lawrence
Q4: what type of bass synthesizer was a staple of the early house sound?
A4: Roland TB-303
Q5: when was player one's "space invaders" released?
A5: 1979
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

The hypothesis that plant growth and development is coordinated by plant hormones or plant growth regulators first emerged in the late 19th century. Darwin experimented on the movements of plant shoots and roots towards light and gravity, and concluded "It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the tip of the radicle . . acts like the brain of one of the lower animals . . directing the several movements". About the same time, the role of auxins (from the Greek auxein, to grow) in control of plant growth was first outlined by the Dutch scientist Frits Went. The first known auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes cell growth, was only isolated from plants about 50 years later. This compound mediates the tropic responses of shoots and roots towards light and gravity. The finding in 1939 that plant callus could be maintained in culture containing IAA, followed by the observation in 1947 that it could be induced to form roots and shoots by controlling the concentration of growth hormones were key steps in the development of plant biotechnology and genetic modification.

Q1: When was the theory of plant hormones introduced?
A1: late 19th century
Q2: To what did Darwin compare the top of the plant radical?
A2: the brain of one of the lower animals
Q3: Why did Darwin feel plants had something comparable to a brain?
A3: movements of plant shoots
Q4: What do auxins do?
A4: promotes cell growth
Q5: What can plant callus be coaxed into doing?
A5: form roots and shoots
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

The iPod has also been credited with accelerating shifts within the music industry. The iPod's popularization of digital music storage allows users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music.

Q1: What period of music did the iPod help bring to a close?
A1: the Album Era
Q2: In which industry did the iPod have a major impact?
A2: music industry
Q3: What did the iPod promote that prompted a big change in the music industry?
A3: digital music storage
Q4: The ease of collecting singles with the iPod and iTunes is credited with ending what "era" in pop music?
A4: the Album Era
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch.

Q1: Which company produces the iPod?
A1: Apple
Q2: When was the original iPod released?
A2: October 23, 2001
Q3: How many different types of iPod are currently available?
A3: three
Q4: What kind of device is the iPod?
A4: portable media players
Q5: The iPod Touch uses what kind of interface?
A5: touchscreen
Q6: In what year was the first iPod released?
A6: 2001
Q7: What company manufactures the iPod?
A7: Apple
Q8: How many versions of the iPod currently exist?
A8: 3
Q9: Which is the smallest version of the iPod?
A9: Shuffle
Q10: In what year was the iPod most recently redesigned?
A10: 2015
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

The iPod line can play several audio file formats including MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod Classics, as well as third generation iPod Nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats, with restrictions on video dimensions, encoding techniques and data-rates. Originally, iPod software only worked with Mac OS; iPod software for Microsoft Windows was launched with the second generation model. Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format—but a converter for WMA files without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes. MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes. Alternative open-source audio formats, such as Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, are not supported without installing custom firmware onto an iPod (e.g., Rockbox).

Q1: What is the name of an audio format developed by Apple?
A1: Apple Lossless
Q2: Which product enabled users to view images on the device?
A2: iPod photo
Q3: What Microsoft media format is not natively supported by Apple devices?
A3: WMA
Q4: What does DRM stand for?
A4: Digital Rights Management
Q5: What computer OS did iPod software exclusively work with at launch?
A5: Mac OS
Q6: What are some examples of audio formats supported by the iPod?
A6: MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless
Q7: What was the first model to support JPEG and other still image formats?
A7: iPod photo
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an online media store run by Apple and accessed through iTunes. The store became the market leader soon after its launch and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005. Full-length movies became available on September 12, 2006.

Q1: When was the Apple iTunes Store launched?
A1: April 29, 2003
Q2: What program is required to access the iTunes Store?
A2: iTunes
Q3: When were videos made available through the iTunes store?
A3: October 12, 2005
Q4: When did Apple begin selling entire films through the iTunes store?
A4: September 12, 2006
Q5: In what year was the iTunes store established?
A5: 2003
Q6: In what year did videos first become available on iTunes?
A6: 2005
Q7: When were full-length moved added to the iTunes store?
A7: 2006
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

The iconic New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 469, and by length of routes. New York's subway is notable for nearly the entire system remaining open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including Hong Kong, London, Paris, Seoul, and Tokyo. The New York City Subway is also the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere, with 1.75 billion passengers rides in 2014, while Grand Central Terminal, also popularly referred to as "Grand Central Station", is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms.

Q1: Which subway system is considered the largest in the world?
A1: New York City Subway system
Q2: How many stations does the  New York City Subway system contain?
A2: 469
Q3: Which station is known as the world's biggest railroad station?
A3: Grand Central Station
Q4: How many people rode the New York City Subway in 2014?
A4: 1.75 billion
Q5: What is the nickname given to Grand Central Terminal?
A5: Grand Central Station
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

The iconic department stores of New Zealand's three major centres are Smith & Caughey's (founded 1880), in New Zealand's most populous city, Auckland; Kirkcaldie & Stains (founded 1863) in the capital, Wellington; and Ballantynes (founded 1854) in New Zealand's second biggest city, Christchurch. These offer high-end and luxury items. Additionally, Arthur Barnett (1903) operates in Dunedin. H & J Smith is a small chain operating throughout Southland with a large flagship store in Invercargill. Farmers is a mid-range national chain of stores (originally a mail-order firm known as Laidlaw Leeds founded in 1909). Historical department stores include DIC. Discount chains include The Warehouse, Kmart Australia, and the now-defunct DEKA.

Q1: What sorts of goods do the most popular department stores in New Zealand offer? 
A1: high-end and luxury items
Q2: What city is Arthur Barnett in? 
A2: Dunedin
Q3: Where is H & J Smith's flagship store?
A3: Invercargill
Q4: Where are H & J Smith stores typically located? 
A4: Southland
Q5: When was Laidlaw Leeds first established? 
A5: 1909
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. In most Lodges the oath or obligation is taken on a Volume of Sacred Law, whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother (usually the Bible in the Anglo-American tradition). In Progressive continental Freemasonry, books other than scripture are permissible, a cause of rupture between Grand Lodges.

Q1: Are masons allowed to divulge the secrets of each degree?
A1: Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret
Q2: How are oaths taken?
A2: on a Volume of Sacred Law
Q3: In what branch can books, other than scripture, be used for the purpose of oath taking?
A3: Progressive continental Freemasonry
Q4: What can be considered a Volume of Sacred Law?
A4: whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother
Q5: Masons swear to protect their brethren unless they what?
A5: have broken the law
Q6: Most lodges have the oath taken on what?
A6: Volume of Sacred Law
Q7: Mason swear at each degree to do what?
A7: keep the contents of that degree secret
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

The idea of building a tunnel under the Irish Sea has been raised since 1895, when it was first investigated. Several potential Irish Sea tunnel projects have been proposed, most recently the Tusker Tunnel between the ports of Rosslare and Fishguard proposed by The Institute of Engineers of Ireland in 2004. A rail tunnel was proposed in 1997 on a different route, between Dublin and Holyhead, by British engineering firm Symonds. Either tunnel, at 50 mi (80 km), would be by far the longest in the world, and would cost an estimated £15 billion or €20 billion. A proposal in 2007, estimated the cost of building a bridge from County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Galloway in Scotland at £3.5bn (€5bn).

Q1: The Irish Sea tunnel was first purposed in what year?
A1: 1895
Q2: What is the name of the recent proposal of a tunnel between Rosslare and Fishguard ports?
A2: Tusker Tunnel
Q3: Who proposed the Tusker Tunnel?
A3: The Institute of Engineers of Ireland
Q4: What is the estimated cost to build the Tusker Tunnel?
A4: £15 billion or €20 billion
Q5: In what year was a bridge proposed between County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Galloway, Scotland?
A5: 2007
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

The idea of self-concept is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent and stable. Early in adolescence, cognitive developments result in greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others and their thoughts and judgments, the ability to think about abstract, future possibilities, and the ability to consider multiple possibilities at once. As a result, adolescents experience a significant shift from the simple, concrete, and global self-descriptions typical of young children; as children, they defined themselves by physical traits whereas as adolescents, they define themselves based on their values, thoughts, and opinions.

Q1: How do children tend to define themselves?
A1: by physical traits
Q2: Do children or adolescents define themselves based on values, thoughts, and opinions?
A2: adolescents
Q3: Which idea is known as the ability of a person to have opinions and beliefs that are defined confidently, consistent, and stable?
A3: self-concept
Q4: Greater self-awareness, greater awareness of others, and the ability to consider multiple possiblities at once are examples of what kind of developments?
A4: cognitive
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The idea of the decline and gradual disappearance of the teaching has been influential in East Asian Buddhism. Pure Land Buddhism holds that it has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path, so it may be best to rely on the power of Amitābha.

Q1: What form of Buddhism has declined to the point where few are capable of following the path?
A1: Pure Land
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

The idea that core affect is but one component of the emotion led to a theory called “psychological construction.” According to this theory, an emotional episode consists of a set of components, each of which is an ongoing process and none of which is necessary or sufficient for the emotion to be instantiated. The set of components is not fixed, either by human evolutionary history or by social norms and roles. Instead, the emotional episode is assembled at the moment of its occurrence to suit its specific circumstances. One implication is that all cases of, for example, fear are not identical but instead bear a family resemblance to one another.

Q1: What theory sees an emotional episode as consisting of components?
A1: psychological construction
Q2: At what point does psychological construction theory believe the components of an emotion are put together?
A2: at the moment of its occurrence
Q3: What is an example of an emotion that, under psychological construction theory, is not the same from one case to another?
A3: fear
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The ideas of the Italian Renaissance were slow to cross the Alps into northern Europe, but important artistic innovations were made also in the Low Countries. Though not – as previously believed – the inventor of oil painting, Jan van Eyck was a champion of the new medium, and used it to create works of great realism and minute detail. The two cultures influenced each other and learned from each other, but painting in the Netherlands remained more focused on textures and surfaces than the idealized compositions of Italy.

Q1: What was the focus of paintings in Italy?
A1: idealized compositions
Q2: Where was the focus of paintings on textures and surfaces?
A2: the Netherlands
Q3: What painter was an early champion of oil as a medium in painting?
A3: Jan van Eyck
Q4: Jan van Eyck's paintings are known for what characteristics?
A4: great realism and minute detail
Title: Christian
Topic: Language and literature

The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים (Yehudim Meshihi'im—"Messianic Jews").

Q1: Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what?
A1: Messiah
Q2: What village did Jesus come from?
A2: Galilean village
Q3: Where was the Galilean village?
A3: Nazareth
Q4: Where is Nazareth located?
A4: northern Israel
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule of the local king or satrap, and often had Greek-style institutions. Greek dedications, statues, architecture and inscriptions have all been found. However, local cultures were not replaced, and mostly went on as before, but now with a new Greco-Macedonian or otherwise Hellenized elite. An example that shows the spread of Greek theater is Plutarch's story of the death of Crassus, in which his head was taken to the Parthian court and used as a prop in a performance of The Bacchae. Theaters have also been found: for example, in Ai-Khanoum on the edge of Bactria, the theater has 35 rows – larger than the theater in Babylon.

Q1: The practice of identifying local gods with Greek deities is called what?
A1: Interpretatio graeca
Q2: Who wrote the story of Crassus?
A2: Plutarch
Q3: Crassus' head is used a prop in what performance?
A3: The Bacchae
Q4: A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region?
A4: Ai-Khanoum
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

The illuminated ceiling was once popular in the 1960s and 1970s but fell out of favor after the 1980s. This uses diffuser panels hung like a suspended ceiling below fluorescent lights, and is considered general lighting. Other forms include neon, which is not usually intended to illuminate anything else, but to actually be an artwork in itself. This would probably fall under accent lighting, though in a dark nightclub it could be considered general lighting.

Q1: When would neon lighting be considered general lighting?
A1: dark nightclub
Q2: What uses diffuser panels below fluorescent lights?
A2: illuminated ceiling
Q3: Normally neon lighting is considered what type of lighting?
A3: accent lighting
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

The immediate cause of the riots is unclear, with many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after the rape and murder of a Rakhine woman as the main cause. Whole villages have been "decimated". Over 300 houses and a number of public buildings have been razed. According to Tun Khin, the president of the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK), as of 28 June 2012, 650 Rohingyas have been killed, 1,200 are missing, and more than 80,000 have been displaced. According to the Myanmar authorities, the violence, between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and thousands of homes destroyed. It displaced more than 52,000 people.

Q1: What was believed to be one of the Burma reasons for the unrest in 2012 ?
A1: many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine
Q2: How many are believed to have been uprooted by this unrest ?
A2: It displaced more than 52,000 people
Q3: Who is the president of the BROUK's UK division?
A3: Tun Khin
Q4: How many people where missing after the 2012 Burma civil unrest ?
A4: 1,200 are missing