LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

Tito's greatest strength, in the eyes of the western communists, had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country. It was Tito's call for unity, and related methods, that held together the people of Yugoslavia. This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred as the Masovni pokret, maspok, meaning "Mass Movement") when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party. Despite this suppression, much of maspok's demands were later realized with the new constitution, heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party.[citation needed] On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years.

Q1: What person's calls for unity is credited by western communists of holding together Yugoslavia?
A1: Tito
Q2: What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"?
A2: the Croatian Spring
Q3: When was the new Yugoslavian constitution passed?
A3: 16 May 1974
Q4: Who was named President for Life of Yugoslavia in 1974?
A4: Tito
Q5: How long did the person named "president for life" serve?
A5: five years.
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

Tito's notable grandchildren include Aleksandra Broz, a prominent theatre director in Croatia; Svetlana Broz, a cardiologist and writer in Bosnia-Herzegovina; and Josip "Joška" Broz, Edvard Broz and Natali Klasevski, an artisan of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Q1: Which of Tito's grandchildren is a theatre director?
A1: Aleksandra Broz
Q2: Which of Tito's grandchildren is a cardiologist and writer?
A2: Svetlana Broz
Q3: Where does Svetlana Broz live?
A3: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Q4: Where does Leksandra Broz live?
A4: Croatia
Q5: Where does Edvard Broz live?
A5: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted "Tito murderer" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities.

Q1: What flag did protesters of Tito often burn?
A1: Yugoslav
Q2: What did protesters scream during Tito's visit to the United Nations in the late 1970's?
A2: Tito murderer
Q3: Which authorities fielded complaints from TIto about protesters?
A3: United States authorities.
Q4: What American state did Tito visit when he saw the U.N.?
A4: New York
Q5: Security for Tito's visit was unusually high to keep Tito away from what individuals?
A5: protesters
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

To Kill a Mockingbird has been a source of significant controversy since its being the subject of classroom study as early as 1963. The book's racial slurs, profanity, and frank discussion of rape have led people to challenge its appropriateness in libraries and classrooms across the United States. The American Library Association reported that To Kill a Mockingbird was number 21 of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 2000–2009.

Q1: To Kill a Mockingbird was first studied in American schools in what year?
A1: 1963
Q2: The American Library Associated ranked To Kill a Mockingbird where on its most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009?
A2: 21
Q3: In what year did the book become a subject of classroom study?
A3: 1963
Q4: According to The American Library Association, what rank did the book have among the most frequently challenged books from 2000 to 2009?
A4: 21
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.

Q1: When did To Kill a Mockingbird first get circulated?
A1: 1960
Q2: What prize did To Kill a Mockingbird win?
A2: Pulitzer Prize
Q3: Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird?
A3: Harper Lee
Q4: Who wrote the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?
A4: Harper Lee
Q5: What year was To Kill a Mockingbird first published?
A5: 1960
Q6: Whom did Lee base the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird on?
A6: her family and neighbors
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964.

Q1: When did Harper Lee pass away?
A1: February 2016
Q2: What is the only other work Harper Lee published?
A2: Go Set a Watchman
Q3: What is the name of Lee's second published work?
A3: Go Set a Watchman
Q4: When was the second book published?
A4: July 14, 2015
Q5: When did Lee die?
A5: February 2016
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

To Popper, who was an anti-justificationist, traditional philosophy is misled by the false principle of sufficient reason. He thinks that no assumption can ever be or needs ever to be justified, so a lack of justification is not a justification for doubt. Instead, theories should be tested and scrutinised. It is not the goal to bless theories with claims of certainty or justification, but to eliminate errors in them. He writes, "there are no such things as good positive reasons; nor do we need such things [...] But [philosophers] obviously cannot quite bring [themselves] to believe that this is my opinion, let alone that it is right" (The Philosophy of Karl Popper, p. 1043)

Q1: According to Popper, what is not grounds for doubt?
A1: lack of justification
Q2: What principle of traditional philosophy did Popper take an anti-justificationist stance against?
A2: principle of sufficient reason
Q3: What does Popper believe is essential to do to theories instead of justification?
A3: eliminate errors
Q4: What don't we need to look for about theories in Popper's view?
A4: good positive reasons
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

To Secure These Rights also called for desegregation of the Armed Forces. "Prejudice in any area is an ugly, undemocratic phenomenon, but in the armed services, where all men run the risk of death, it is especially repugnant." The rationale was fairness: "When an individual enters the service of the country, he necessarily surrenders some of the rights and privileges which are inherent in American citizenship." In return, the government "undertakes to protect his integrity as an individual." Yet that was not possible in the segregated Army, since "any discrimination which…prevents members of the minority groups from rendering full military service in defense of their country is for them a humiliating badge of inferiority." The report called for an end to "all discrimination and segregation based on race, color, creed, or national origins in…all branches of the Armed Services.":38–39

Q1: The "To Secure These Rights" findings wanted desegregation of which institution?
A1: Armed Forces
Q2: Which risk associated with serving was specifically highlighted by the findings?
A2: death
Q3: What did the findings say occurred to an individual when he enters the armed services?
A3: surrenders some of the rights and privileges
Q4: Discrimination that prevented minorities from serving their country to the best of their abilities was seen as what?
A4: a humiliating badge of inferiority
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party congressional system emerged on Capitol Hill with official titles for those who were its official leaders. However, from the beginning days of Congress, various House members intermittently assumed the role of "opposition leader." Some scholars suggest that Representative James Madison of Virginia informally functioned as the first "minority leader" because in the First Congress he led the opposition to Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's fiscal policies.

Q1: When was the minority leader position created? 
A1: 20th-century
Q2: Why was minority leader position created?
A2: not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader
Q3: Who is sometimes considered the first funcioning "Minority Leader?"
A3: James Madison
Q4: Who was Treasury Secretary at time of first congress?
A4: Alexander Hamilton
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

To accommodate the ruling in Hopwood v. Texas banning any use of race in school admissions, the State of Texas passed a law guaranteeing entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class. Florida and California have also replaced racial quotas with class rank and other criteria. Class rank tends to benefit top students at less competitive high schools, to the detriment of students at more competitive high schools. This effect, however, may be intentional since less-funded, less competitive schools are more likely to be schools where minority enrollment is high. Critics argue that class rank is more a measure of one's peers than of one's self. The top 10% rule adds racial diversity only because schools are still highly racially segregated because of residential patterns. The class rank rule has the same consequence as traditional affirmative action: opening schools to students who would otherwise not be admitted had the given school used a holistic, merit-based approach. From 1996 to 1998, Texas had merit-based admission to its state universities, and minority enrollment dropped. The state's adoption of the "top 10 percent" rule returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels.

Q1: What did the ruling in Hopwood v Texas set a precedent for in terms of admission policies?
A1: banning any use of race in school admissions
Q2: What did the law passed by the State of Texas guarantee?
A2: entry to any state university if a student finished in the top 10% of their graduating class
Q3: Other than Texas and Florida, which other state replaced racial quotas?
A3: California
Q4: What is one example of what racial quotas were replaced with?
A4: class rank
Q5: After the state passed the top 10% rule, what happened to minority enrollment?
A5: returned minority enrollment to pre-1996 levels
Title: Xbox_360
Topic: Video games

To aid customers with defective consoles, Microsoft extended the Xbox 360's manufacturer's warranty to three years for hardware failure problems that generate a "General Hardware Failure" error report. A "General Hardware Failure" is recognized on all models released before the Xbox 360 S by three quadrants of the ring around the power button flashing red. This error is often known as the "Red Ring of Death". In April 2009 the warranty was extended to also cover failures related to the E74 error code. The warranty extension is not granted for any other types of failures that do not generate these specific error codes.

Q1: What hardware defect code plagued the 360?
A1: "General Hardware Failure" error
Q2: What is the flashing indicator of a general hardware error known as?
A2: Red Ring of Death
Q3: How did Microsoft react to general hardware error problems?
A3: Microsoft extended the Xbox 360's manufacturer's warranty to three years
Q4: What other error code was eventually covered by this warranty extension?
A4: E74 error code
Q5: Where did users see the flashing light error codes display on their 360s?
A5: the ring around the power button
Title: Great_Plains
Topic: History

To allow for agricultural development of the Great Plains and house a growing population, the US passed the Homestead Acts of 1862: it allowed a settler to claim up to 160 acres (65 ha) of land, provided that he lived on it for a period of five years and cultivated it. The provisions were expanded under the Kinkaid Act of 1904 to include a homestead of an entire section. Hundreds of thousands of people claimed such homesteads, sometimes building sod houses out of the very turf of their land. Many of them were not skilled dryland farmers and failures were frequent. Much of the Plains were settled during relatively wet years. Government experts did not understand how farmers should cultivate the prairies and gave advice counter to what would have worked[citation needed]. Germans from Russia who had previously farmed, under similar circumstances, in what is now Ukraine were marginally more successful than other homesteaders. The Dominion Lands Act of 1871 served a similar function for establishing homesteads on the prairies in Canada.

Q1: when did the US pass the Homestead ACt?
A1: 1862
Q2: how much land did the Homestead Act allow a person to claim?
A2: up to 160 acres
Q3: how long did the person have to live on the land?
A3: five years
Q4: when was the Kinkaid Act brought about? 
A4: 1904
Q5: the dominion act was passed in what year
A5: 1871
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

To allow for greater movement while dancing and singing, Madonna was one of the earliest adopters of hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones, with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head, and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth. Because of her prominent usage, the microphone design came to be known as the "Madonna mic". Metz noted that Madonna represents a paradox as she is often perceived as living her whole life as a performance. While her big-screen performances are panned, her live performances are critical successes. Madonna was the first artist to have her concert tours as reenactment of her music videos. Author Elin Diamond explained that reciprocally, the fact that images from Madonna's videos can be recreated in a live setting enhances the realism of the original videos. Thus her live performances have become the means by which mediatized representations are naturalized. Taraborrelli said that encompassing multimedia, latest technology and sound systems, Madonna's concerts and live performances are deemed as "extravagant show piece, a walking art show."

Q1: What did Madonna use in her concerts?
A1: hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones
Q2: What was the microphone coined as?
A2: "Madonna mic"
Q3: Who is first to have reenactment of her music videos in concerts?
A3: Madonna
Q4: Whose concerts are extravagant live shows?
A4: Madonna's
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

To avoid the implication of the naked "solvated proton" in solution, acidic aqueous solutions are sometimes considered to contain a less unlikely fictitious species, termed the "hydronium ion" (H
3O+). However, even in this case, such solvated hydrogen cations are more realistically conceived as being organized into clusters that form species closer to H
9O+
4. Other oxonium ions are found when water is in acidic solution with other solvents.

Q1: Where can oxonium ions be found?
A1: in acidic solution with other solvents
Q2: What other term is a solvated protons referred as?
A2: hydronium ion
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

To be considered 'enriched', the uranium-235 fraction should be between 3% and 5%. This process produces huge quantities of uranium that is depleted of uranium-235 and with a correspondingly increased fraction of uranium-238, called depleted uranium or 'DU'. To be considered 'depleted', the uranium-235 isotope concentration should be no more than 0.3%. The price of uranium has risen since 2001, so enrichment tailings containing more than 0.35% uranium-235 are being considered for re-enrichment, driving the price of depleted uranium hexafluoride above $130 per kilogram in July 2007 from $5 in 2001.

Q1: Between what percent fraction range of uranium-235 is uranium regarded as enriched?
A1: 3% and 5%
Q2: What is the maximum uranium-235 isotope concentration for uranium to be considered depleted?
A2: 0.3%
Q3: In what year did the cost of uranium notably begin to increase?
A3: 2001
Q4: What was the price of a kilogram of depleted uranium hexafluoride in 2001?
A4: $5
Q5: How much did a kilogram of depleted uranium hexafluoride cost as of July 2007?
A5: $130
Title: England_national_football_team
Topic: Sports and recreation

To begin with, England had no permanent home stadium. They joined FIFA in 1906 and played their first ever games against countries other than the Home Nations on a tour of Central Europe in 1908. Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground. The relationship between England and FIFA became strained, and this resulted in their departure from FIFA in 1928, before they rejoined in 1946. As a result, they did not compete in a World Cup until 1950, in which they were beaten in a 1–0 defeat by the United States, failing to get past the first round in one of the most embarrassing defeats in the team's history.

Q1: In which year did England join FIFA?
A1: 1906
Q2: England played against countries besides the Home Nations for the first time in what year?
A2: 1908
Q3: In what year did Wembley Stadium open?
A3: 1923
Q4: England left FIFA in 1928 and ultimately rejoined in what year?
A4: 1946
Q5: What was the first year after England left and rejoined FIFA in which they played in a World Cup?
A5: 1950
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

To clean up pollution, the federal and local governments implemented numerous plans including the constant monitoring and reporting of environmental conditions, such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. When the levels of these two pollutants reached critical levels, contingency actions were implemented which included closing factories, changing school hours, and extending the A day without a car program to two days of the week. The government also instituted industrial technology improvements, a strict biannual vehicle emission inspection and the reformulation of gasoline and diesel fuels. The introduction of Metrobús bus rapid transit and the Ecobici bike-sharing were among efforts to encourage alternate, greener forms of transportation.

Q1: What is the bus system called in Mexico City?
A1: Metrobús
Q2: What is the bike-sharing program called in Mexico City?
A2: Ecobici
Q3: How many days a week does the city encourage people to go without a car?
A3: two days
Q4: What pollutants does the city closely monitor?
A4: ozone and nitrogen oxides
Q5: How often do citizens need to get their cars examined?
A5: biannual
Title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

To compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping.

Q1: What was NEC's competitor to the NES called in Japan?
A1: PC Engine
Q2: What was Sega's competitor to the NES called in Japan?
A2: Mega Drive
Q3: What was NEC's competitor to the NES called in the US?
A3: TurboGrafx-16
Q4: What was Sega's competitor to the NES called in the US?
A4: Genesis
Q5: What were the Genesis's advantages over the NES?
A5: built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

To continue evacuating a chamber indefinitely without requiring infinite growth, a compartment of the vacuum can be repeatedly closed off, exhausted, and expanded again. This is the principle behind positive displacement pumps, like the manual water pump for example. Inside the pump, a mechanism expands a small sealed cavity to create a vacuum. Because of the pressure differential, some fluid from the chamber (or the well, in our example) is pushed into the pump's small cavity. The pump's cavity is then sealed from the chamber, opened to the atmosphere, and squeezed back to a minute size.

Q1: Repeatedly closing off a compartment of a vacuum allows what?
A1: continue evacuating a chamber indefinitely without requiring infinite growth
Q2: How is a vacuum created inside of a manual water pump?
A2: a mechanism expands a small sealed cavity
Q3: Why is fluid in a manual pump pushed into the pumps cavity when a small sealed cavity is expanded?
A3: Because of the pressure differential
Q4: What are pumps based off principle of sealed compartment pulling,pushing and expanding called?
A4: displacement pumps
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

To counter the trend towards low-density suburban residential growth, the government began a series of controversial public housing projects in the inner city by the Housing Commission of Victoria, which resulted in demolition of many neighbourhoods and a proliferation of high-rise towers. In later years, with the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership, the investment in freeway and highway developments greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawl and declining inner city population. The Bolte government sought to rapidly accelerate the modernisation of Melbourne. Major road projects including the remodelling of St Kilda Junction, the widening of Hoddle Street and then the extensive 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan changed the face of the city into a car-dominated environment.

Q1: Investment in what greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawn and declining inner city population?
A1: freeway and highway developments
Q2: Which government sought to rapidly accelerate the modernisation of Melbourne?
A2: Bolte
Q3: The widening of what street helped to change the face of Melbourne into a car-dominated environment?
A3: Hoddle Street
Q4: Did the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan change Melbourne into a more car-dominated or tram-dominated environment?
A4: car-dominated
Q5: Did the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership and highway developments lead to an increasing or declining inner city population?
A5: declining
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

To create green sparks, fireworks use barium salts, such as barium chlorate, barium nitrate crystals, or barium chloride, also used for green fireplace logs. Copper salts typically burn blue, but cupric chloride (also known as "campfire blue") can also produce green flames. Green pyrotechnic flares can use a mix ratio 75:25 of boron and potassium nitrate. Smoke can be turned green by a mixture: solvent yellow 33, solvent green 3, lactose, magnesium carbonate plus sodium carbonate added to potassium chlorate.

Q1: How do fireworks create green sparks?
A1: barium salts
Q2: Which copper salt can produce green glames?
A2: cupric chloride
Q3: What is the ratio of boron to potassium nitrate in green pyrotechnic flares?
A3: 75:25
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

To define light source color properties, the lighting industry predominantly relies on two metrics, correlated color temperature (CCT), commonly used as an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source, and color rendering index (CRI), an indication of the light source’s ability to make objects appear natural.

Q1: What does CCT stand for?
A1: correlated color temperature
Q2: What does CRI stand for?
A2: color rendering index
Q3: What metric indicates a lights ability to make object appear natural?
A3: CRI
Q4: What metric indicates "warmth" or "coolness"?
A4: CCT
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

To determine what information in an audio signal is perceptually irrelevant, most lossy compression algorithms use transforms such as the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) to convert time domain sampled waveforms into a transform domain. Once transformed, typically into the frequency domain, component frequencies can be allocated bits according to how audible they are. Audibility of spectral components calculated using the absolute threshold of hearing and the principles of simultaneous masking—the phenomenon wherein a signal is masked by another signal separated by frequency—and, in some cases, temporal masking—where a signal is masked by another signal separated by time. Equal-loudness contours may also be used to weight the perceptual importance of components. Models of the human ear-brain combination incorporating such effects are often called psychoacoustic models.

Q1: What may be used to weight the importance of components?
A1: Equal-loudness contours
Q2: What are often called psychoacoustic models?
A2: Models of the human ear-brain
Q3: What is the process called when a signal is masked by another signal separated by time?
A3: temporal masking
Title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

To differentiate Nintendo's new home platform from the early 1980s' common perception of a troubled and shallow video game market, the company freshened its product nomenclature and positioning, and it established a strict product approval and licensing policy. The overall system was referred to as an "Entertainment System" instead of a "video game system", which was centered upon a machine called a "Control Deck" instead of a "console", and which featured software cartridges called "Game Paks" instead of "video games". The 10NES lockout chip system acted as a lock-and-key coupling of each Game Pak and Control Deck, deterring the copying or production of NES games which had not first achieved Nintendo's licensed approval. The packaging of the launch lineup of NES games bore pictures of a very close representation of the actual onscreen graphics of the game, which were of sufficiently recognizable quality on their own. Symbols on the launch games' packaging clearly indicated the genre of the game, in order to reduce consumer confusion. A 'seal of quality' was printed on all appropriately licensed game and accessory packaging. The initial seal stated, "This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product". This text was later changed to "Official Nintendo Seal of Quality".

Q1: What was Nintendo's euphemism for "video game system?"
A1: Entertainment System
Q2: What did Nintendo use instead of the word console?
A2: Control Deck
Q3: What was the term used by Nintendo instead of "video games?"
A3: Game Pak
Q4: What was printed on all licensed games and accessories by Nintendo?
A4: seal of quality
Q5: The seal of quality took on what eventual name?
A5: Official Nintendo Seal of Quality
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004
Topic: History

To distinguish official campaigning from independent campaigning, political advertisements on television were required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement. Advertisements produced by political campaigns usually included the statement, "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message." Advertisements produced by independent organizations usually included the statement, "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement", and from September 3 (60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name. Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.

Q1: How were viewers able to determine who endorsed political campaign ads, they saw in advertisements??
A1: required to include a verbal disclaimer identifying the organization responsible for the advertisement
Q2: What was disallowed in advertising during the two months prior to the general election?
A2: 60 days before the general election), such organizations' ads were prohibited from mentioning any candidate by name
Q3: Official advertisements generally contained what phrase?
A3: "I'm [candidate's name], and I approve this message."
Q4: Independent advertisements generally contained what phrase?
A4: "[Organization name] is responsible for the content of this advertisement"
Q5: What was the tag line requirement before?
A5: Previously, television advertisements only required a written "paid for by" disclaimer on the screen.
Title: Tuberculosis
Topic: Natural sciences

To encourage further discovery, researchers and policymakers are promoting new economic models of vaccine development, including prizes, tax incentives, and advance market commitments. A number of groups, including the Stop TB Partnership, the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, and the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, are involved with research. Among these, the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation received a gift of more than $280 million (US) from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop and license an improved vaccine against tuberculosis for use in high burden countries.

Q1: What organization did the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation donate $280 million to?
A1: Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation
Q2: Policymakers believe tax incentives, market commitments, and what third incentive will speed up vaccine development?
A2: prizes
Q3: What group with the initials SATVI is researching TB vaccines?
A3: South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
Q4: What nonprofit tuberculosis research foundation has a verb in its name?
A4: Stop TB Partnership
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

To expand his power, Napoleon used these assassination plots to justify the creation of an imperial system based on the Roman model. He believed that a Bourbon restoration would be more difficult if his family's succession was entrenched in the constitution. Launching yet another referendum, Napoleon was elected as Emperor of the French by a tally exceeding 99%. As with the Life Consulate two years earlier, this referendum produced heavy participation, bringing out almost 3.6 million voters to the polls.

Q1: The imperial system Napoleon created was based on what model?
A1: the Roman
Q2: What did Napoleon use to justify his creation of an imperial system?
A2: assassination plots
Q3: Napoleon wrote his family's succession into the constitution in an attempt to prevent the restoration of what former ruling family?
A3: Bourbon
Q4: Napoleon was elected Emperor of the French by more than what percentage of voters?
A4: 99%
Q5: About how many voters participated in the election that made Napoleon Emperor of the French?
A5: 3.6 million
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

To extend and consolidate the dynasty's control in Central Asia, the Kangxi Emperor personally led a series of military campaigns against the Dzungars in Outer Mongolia. The Kangxi Emperor was able to successfully expel Galdan's invading forces from these regions, which were then incorporated into the empire. Galdan was eventually killed in the Dzungar–Qing War. In 1683, Qing forces received the surrender of Taiwan from Zheng Keshuang, grandson of Koxinga, who had conquered Taiwan from the Dutch colonists as a base against the Qing. Zheng Keshuang was awarded the title "Duke Haicheng" (海澄公) and was inducted into the Han Chinese Plain Red Banner of the Eight Banners when he moved to Beijing. Several Ming princes had accompanied Koxinga to Taiwan in 1661-1662, including the Prince of Ningjing Zhu Shugui and Prince Zhu Honghuan (朱弘桓), son of Zhu Yihai, where they lived in the Kingdom of Tungning. The Qing sent the 17 Ming princes still living on Taiwan in 1683 back to mainland China where they spent the rest of their lives in exile since their lives were spared from execution. Winning Taiwan freed Kangxi's forces for series of battles over Albazin, the far eastern outpost of the Tsardom of Russia. Zheng's former soldiers on Taiwan like the rattan shield troops were also inducted into the Eight Banners and used by the Qing against Russian Cossacks at Albazin. The 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk was China's first formal treaty with a European power and kept the border peaceful for the better part of two centuries. After Galdan's death, his followers, as adherents to Tibetan Buddhism, attempted to control the choice of the next Dalai Lama. Kangxi dispatched two armies to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, and installed a Dalai Lama sympathetic to the Qing.

Q1: Where did Kangxi lead an army?
A1: Outer Mongolia
Q2: Who did Kangxi fight?
A2: Dzungars
Q3: When was Galdan killed?
A3: Dzungar–Qing War
Q4: When did Taiwan fall?
A4: 1683
Q5: What European country did Kangxi fight?
A5: Russia
Title: Aspirated_consonant
Topic: Language and literature

To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [pʰɪn] and then spin [spɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin. In most dialects of English, the initial consonant is aspirated in pin and unaspirated in spin.

Q1: With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air?
A1: pin
Q2: In English the first consonant in "pin" is what?
A2: aspirated
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found.

Q1: What type of music has mandolins played? 
A1: mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles
Q2: Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain popular? 
A2: Japan and Germany
Q3: What do the structure of a contempory traditional orchestra consist of?
A3: first and second mandolins,
Q4: What are smalled ensambles composed of? 
A4: two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello,
Q5: What are the mandocellos usually tuned like? 
A5: cello
Title: Alaska
Topic: Geography and places

To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States. It is one of five states with no state sales tax, one of seven states that do not levy an individual income tax, and one of the two states that has neither. The Department of Revenue Tax Division reports regularly on the state's revenue sources. The Department also issues an annual summary of its operations, including new state laws that directly affect the tax division.

Q1: How does Alaska finance its state government operations?
A1: petroleum revenues and federal subsidies
Q2: How many states in the US do not have sales tax?
A2: five
Q3: How many US states do not collect an individual income tax?
A3: seven
Q4: Which state has the lowest tax burden of the entire US?
A4: Alaska
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0.0018 inches (0.046 mm). The advantage of the coiled coil is that evaporation of the tungsten filament is at the rate of a tungsten cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the coiled coil. The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly than a straight filament of the same surface area and light-emitting power. As a result, the filament can then run hotter, which results in a more efficient light source, while reducing the evaporation so that the filament will last longer than a straight filament at the same temperature.

Q1: How long is a typical uncoiled tungsten filament for a 60-watt bulb?
A1: 22.8 inches
Q2: What is the advantage of a coiled-coil filament over a straight filament?
A2: The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly
Q3: What positive effects does a slower-evaporating filament enable?
A3: more efficient light source
Q4: What is the typical diameter of the filament on a 60-watt bulb?
A4: 0.0018 inches
Title: Mammal
Topic: Natural sciences

To maintain a high constant body temperature is energy expensive – mammals therefore need a nutritious and plentiful diet. While the earliest mammals were probably predators, different species have since adapted to meet their dietary requirements in a variety of ways. Some eat other animals – this is a carnivorous diet (and includes insectivorous diets). Other mammals, called herbivores, eat plants. A herbivorous diet includes subtypes such as fruit-eating and grass-eating. An omnivore eats both prey and plants. Carnivorous mammals have a simple digestive tract, because the proteins, lipids, and minerals found in meat require little in the way of specialized digestion. Plants, on the other hand, contain complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose. The digestive tract of an herbivore is therefore host to bacteria that ferment these substances, and make them available for digestion. The bacteria are either housed in the multichambered stomach or in a large cecum. The size of an animal is also a factor in determining diet type. Since small mammals have a high ratio of heat-losing surface area to heat-generating volume, they tend to have high energy requirements and a high metabolic rate. Mammals that weigh less than about 18 oz (500 g) are mostly insectivorous because they cannot tolerate the slow, complex digestive process of a herbivore. Larger animals, on the other hand, generate more heat and less of this heat is lost. They can therefore tolerate either a slower collection process (those that prey on larger vertebrates) or a slower digestive process (herbivores). Furthermore, mammals that weigh more than 18 oz (500 g) usually cannot collect enough insects during their waking hours to sustain themselves. The only large insectivorous mammals are those that feed on huge colonies of insects (ants or termites).

Q1: To be able to maintain a constant body temperature, what do mammals need to maintain?
A1: nutritious and plentiful diet
Q2: What does a omnivore imply?
A2: eats both prey and plants
Q3: What do the majority of mammals under 18 oz eat?
A3: insects
Q4: What determines a mammals diet type?
A4: The size
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibres. This is accomplished by dissolving lignin in a cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose; this preserves the length of the cellulose fibres. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers–not to be confused with tree-free paper; this is because they do not contain lignin, which deteriorates over time. The pulp can also be bleached to produce white paper, but this consumes 5% of the fibres; chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton, which is already 90% cellulose.

Q1: What is separated from the cellulose fibres?
A1: lignin
Q2: What type of paper is paper made from chemical pulps known as?
A2: wood-free
Q3: What percentage of fibres are wasted in the bleaching process?
A3: 5%
Q4: What percentage of cotton is cellulose?
A4: 90%
Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Topic: Geography and places

To meet the need for more office space downtown without compromising the city's heritage, the city council amended heritage regulations, which originally restricted height to 15 metres in the area of land on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove, to create the "Commercial Central Retail – West Zone". The new zone will allow for buildings of greater height. A 47-metre, 12-storey office building, which includes retail space and a parking garage, was the first building to be approved in this area.

Q1: What was amended to provide more office space in downtown?
A1: heritage regulations
Q2: What height was the original restriction in downtown for ?
A2: 15 metres
Q3: How tall was the first office building to be approved in the on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove?
A3: 47-metre
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

To minimize overall weight and size, miniature PM motors may use high energy magnets made with neodymium or other strategic elements; most such are neodymium-iron-boron alloy. With their higher flux density, electric machines with high-energy PMs are at least competitive with all optimally designed singly-fed synchronous and induction electric machines. Miniature motors resemble the structure in the illustration, except that they have at least three rotor poles (to ensure starting, regardless of rotor position) and their outer housing is a steel tube that magnetically links the exteriors of the curved field magnets.

Q1: Why do miniature PM motors use high energy magnets?
A1: To minimize overall weight and size
Q2: What are high energy magnets typically made of?
A2: neodymium-iron-boron alloy
Q3: What does the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble?
A3: steel tube
Q4: How do PMs rate against other types of electric motors?
A4: least competitive
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

To other analysts the delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of subprime lending is not surprising, and does not exonerate the CRA. They contend that there were two, connected causes to the crisis: the relaxation of underwriting standards in 1995 and the ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. Both causes had to be in place before the crisis could take place. Critics also point out that publicly announced CRA loan commitments were massive, totaling $4.5 trillion in the years between 1994 and 2007. They also argue that the Federal Reserve’s classification of CRA loans as “prime” is based on the faulty and self-serving assumption that high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average) equal “subprime” loans.

Q1: When did CRA make rule changes to relax underwriting standards?
A1: 1995
Q2: How much were CRA loan commitments between 1994 and 2007?
A2: $4.5 trillion
Q3: What was the Federal Reserve's assumption regarding what makes a loan subprime?
A3: high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average)
Q4: How did the Federal Reserve classify CRA loans?
A4: prime
Q5: When were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve?
A5: after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

To pay for his military campaigns and colonial expansion, Emperor Wu nationalized several private industries. He created central government monopolies administered largely by former merchants. These monopolies included salt, iron, and liquor production, as well as bronze-coin currency. The liquor monopoly lasted only from 98 to 81 BC, and the salt and iron monopolies were eventually abolished in early Eastern Han. The issuing of coinage remained a central government monopoly throughout the rest of the Han dynasty. The government monopolies were eventually repealed when a political faction known as the Reformists gained greater influence in the court. The Reformists opposed the Modernist faction that had dominated court politics in Emperor Wu's reign and during the subsequent regency of Huo Guang (d. 68 BC). The Modernists argued for an aggressive and expansionary foreign policy supported by revenues from heavy government intervention in the private economy. The Reformists, however, overturned these policies, favoring a cautious, non-expansionary approach to foreign policy, frugal budget reform, and lower tax-rates imposed on private entrepreneurs.

Q1: Who made up the bulk of the administrators of the new government monopolies?
A1: former merchants
Q2: When was the liquor monopoly abolished?
A2: 81 BC
Q3: Which faction did the Reformists oppose?
A3: Modernist
Q4: Which political faction favored budgetary reform?
A4: The Reformists
Q5: In what year did Huo Guang die?
A5: 68 BC
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

To prevent further loss of groundwater, Tucson has been involved in water conservation and groundwater preservation efforts, shifting away from its reliance on a series of Tucson area wells in favor of conservation, consumption-based pricing for residential and commercial water use, and new wells in the more sustainable Avra Valley aquifer, northwest of the city. An allocation from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP), which passes more than 300 mi (480 km) across the desert from the Colorado River, has been incorporated into the city's water supply, annually providing over 20 million gallons of "recharged" water which is pumped into the ground to replenish water pumped out. Since 2001, CAP water has allowed the city to remove or turn off over 80 wells.

Q1: What is the CAP?
A1: Central Arizona Project Aqueduct
Q2: How long is the CAP?
A2: more than 300 mi (480 km)
Q3: What water source feeds the CAP?
A3: Colorado River
Q4: What aquifer is Tucson starting new wells in?
A4: Avra Valley aquifer
Q5: How many wells has Tucson stopped using since 2001?
A5: over 80
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

To prevent piracy of films, the standard drill of film distribution is to have a movie first released through movie theaters (theatrical window), on average approximately 16 and a half weeks, before having it released to Blu-Ray and DVD (entering its video window). During the theatrical window, digital versions of films are often transported in data storage devices by couriers rather than by data transmission. The data can be encrypted, with the key being made to work only at specific times in order to prevent leakage between screens. Coded Anti-Piracy marks can be added to films to identify the source of illegal copies and shut them down. As a result of these measures, the only versions of films available for piracy during the theatrical window are usually "cams" made by video recordings of the movie screens, which are of inferior quality compared to the original film version.

Q1: How long is a movie typically released in theaters for?
A1: approximately 16 and a half weeks
Q2: During this time, how are digital versions of the movie transported in data storage devices?
A2: by couriers
Q3: What can be done to a movie to only allow it to show at certain times?
A3: encrypted
Q4: What can be coded to films to find the source of illegal copies?
A4: Anti-Piracy marks can be added
Q5: What inferior versions of movies are available for piracy during the theatrical run of a movie called?
A5: "cams" made by video recordings of the movie screens