LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

As computers grew in speed and capability, a number of general-purpose database systems emerged; by the mid-1960s a number of such systems had come into commercial use. Interest in a standard began to grow, and Charles Bachman, author of one such product, the Integrated Data Store (IDS), founded the "Database Task Group" within CODASYL, the group responsible for the creation and standardization of COBOL. In 1971 the Database Task Group delivered their standard, which generally became known as the "CODASYL approach", and soon a number of commercial products based on this approach entered the market.

Q1: When were DBMSs first used commercially?
A1: mid-1960s
Q2: What group discovered COBOL?
A2: Database Task Group
Q3: Why was COBOL created?
A3: Interest in a standard
Q4: What was the standard protocol called?
A4: CODASYL approach
Q5: When was the standard protocol completed?
A5: 1971
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d'état and therefore giving the superficial appearance of empowering the population (and unwittingly supervising the population), which, according to mercantilist theory, was to be the main strength of the state. Thus, its functions largely overreached simple law enforcement activities and included public health concerns, urban planning (which was important because of the miasma theory of disease; thus, cemeteries were moved out of town, etc.), and surveillance of prices.

Q1: Who wrote about Polizeiwissenschaft?
A1: Foucault
Q2: How did Foucault describe the social duty of police?
A2: procuring abundance
Q3: Which economic theory did Foucault say supported the police?
A3: mercantilist theory
Q4: Why did the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning?
A4: because of the miasma theory of disease; thus, cemeteries were moved out of town, etc.
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

As culture flourished, so did decentralization. Whereas the first phase of shōen development in the early Heian period had seen the opening of new lands and the granting of the use of lands to aristocrats and religious institutions, the second phase saw the growth of patrimonial "house governments," as in the old clan system. (In fact, the form of the old clan system had remained largely intact within the great old centralized government.) New institutions were now needed in the face of social, economic, and political changes. The Taihō Code lapsed, its institutions relegated to ceremonial functions. Family administrations now became public institutions. As the most powerful family, the Fujiwara governed Japan and determined the general affairs of state, such as succession to the throne. Family and state affairs were thoroughly intermixed, a pattern followed among other families, monasteries, and even the imperial family. Land management became the primary occupation of the aristocracy, not so much because direct control by the imperial family or central government had declined but more from strong family solidarity and a lack of a sense of Japan as a single nation.

Q1: What became the aristocracy's primary occupation?
A1: Land management
Q2: What grew during the second phase of shoen development?
A2: "house governments,"
Q3: What governmental reorganization lapsed during the period of shoen development?
A3: Taihō Code
Q4: Succession to the throne was determined by what clan?
A4: Fujiwara
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

As early as 1650, settlers from the Virginia colony moved into the area of Albemarle Sound. By 1663, King Charles II of England granted a charter to start a new colony on the North American continent; it generally established North Carolina's borders. He named it Carolina in honor of his father Charles I. By 1665, a second charter was issued to attempt to resolve territorial questions. In 1710, owing to disputes over governance, the Carolina colony began to split into North Carolina and South Carolina. The latter became a crown colony in 1729.

Q1: In 1650, settlers from what colony moved in to Albemarie Sound?
A1: Virginia
Q2: What year did King Charles II grant a charter to North America?
A2: 1663
Q3: What did King Charles II's charter establish?
A3: North Carolina's borders
Q4: Carolina was named after King Charles iI's father, what was his name?
A4: Charles I
Q5: What year was a second charter made to establish the borders of Carolina?
A5: 1665
Title: Norfolk_Island
Topic: Geography and places

As early as 1794, Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose suggested its closure as a penal settlement, as it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain. The first group of people left in February 1805, and by 1808 only about 200 remained, forming a small settlement until the remnants were removed in 1813. A small party remained to slaughter stock and destroy all buildings, so that there would be no inducement for anyone, especially from other European powers, to visit and lay claim to the place. From 15 February 1814 to 6 June 1825 the island was abandoned.

Q1: When did Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales Francis Grose start suggesting Norfolk Island be closed as a penal settlement?
A1: 1794
Q2: Why did Francis Grose think that Norfolk Island should be closed as a penal settlement?
A2: it was too remote and difficult for shipping and too costly to maintain
Q3: When did the first group of people leave Norfolk Island?
A3: February 1805
Q4: By 1808, how many people remained on Norfolk Island?
A4: 200
Q5: Why did a small group of people remain on Norfolk Island, after others had already left?
A5: to slaughter stock and destroy all buildings
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

As early as 1934, Popper wrote of the search for truth as "one of the strongest motives for scientific discovery." Still, he describes in Objective Knowledge (1972) early concerns about the much-criticised notion of truth as correspondence. Then came the semantic theory of truth formulated by the logician Alfred Tarski and published in 1933. Popper writes of learning in 1935 of the consequences of Tarski's theory, to his intense joy. The theory met critical objections to truth as correspondence and thereby rehabilitated it. The theory also seemed, in Popper's eyes, to support metaphysical realism and the regulative idea of a search for truth.

Q1: Whose theory of truth did Popper read with intense interest in 1935?
A1: Alfred Tarski
Q2: What theory of interest to Popper did Alfred Tarski publish in 1933?
A2: semantic theory of truth
Q3: Tarski's theory overcame certain objections to what conception of truth?
A3: truth as correspondence
Q4: What kind of realism did Popper believe Tarski's theory supported?
A4: metaphysical
Title: Baptists
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As early as the late 18th century, black Baptists began to organize separate churches, associations and mission agencies, especially in the northern states. Not only did blacks set up some independent congregations in the South before the American Civil War, freedmen quickly separated from white congregations and associations after the war. They wanted to be free of white supervision. In 1866 the Consolidated American Baptist Convention, formed from black Baptists of the South and West, helped southern associations set up black state conventions, which they did in Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky. In 1880 black state conventions united in the national Foreign Mission Convention, to support black Baptist missionary work. Two other national black conventions were formed, and in 1895 they united as the National Baptist Convention. This organization later went through its own changes, spinning off other conventions. It is the largest black religious organization and the second largest Baptist organization in the world. Baptists are numerically most dominant in the Southeast. In 2007, the Pew Research Center's Religious Landscape Survey found that 45% of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations, with the vast majority of those being within the historically black tradition.

Q1: When did black Baptists began to organize separate churches, associations and mission agencies?
A1: As early as the late 18th century
Q2: Who separated from white congregations and associations after the war?
A2: freedmen
Q3: Who wanted to be free from white submission?
A3: freedmen
Q4: What states setup black conventions?
A4: Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky
Q5: What percentage of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations?
A5: 45%
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

As economic and demographic methods were applied to the study of history, the trend was increasingly to see the late Middle Ages as a period of recession and crisis. Belgian historian Henri Pirenne continued the subdivision of Early, High, and Late Middle Ages in the years around World War I. Yet it was his Dutch colleague, Johan Huizinga, who was primarily responsible for popularising the pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages, with his book The Autumn of the Middle Ages (1919). To Huizinga, whose research focused on France and the Low Countries rather than Italy, despair and decline were the main themes, not rebirth.

Q1: What methods, applied to the study of history, led to the perception of the Middle Ages as a time of recession and crisis?
A1: economic and demographic
Q2: Which author popularized a pessimistic view of the Late Middle Ages in his 1919 book?
A2: Johan Huizinga
Q3: What was the title of Huizinga's 1919 book on the Middle Ages?
A3: The Autumn of the Middle Ages
Q4: Which countries were the focus of Huizinga's research?
A4: France and the Low Countries
Q5: What was the nationality of historian Henri Pirenne?
A5: Belgian
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

As evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as envoys to the court in Nanjing. The Hongwu Emperor also entrusted his guru Zongluo, one of many Buddhist monks at court, to head a religious mission into Tibet in 1378–1382 in order to obtain Buddhist texts.

Q1: Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?
A1: Rolpe Dorje
Q2: Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor?
A2: Rolpe Dorje
Q3: What did the the Hongwu Emperor want to continue to promote?
A3: the Buddhist link between Tibet and China
Q4: Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing?
A4: disciples
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form daylight savings time (with an "s") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form daylight saving time in American English ("the change has been virtually accomplished"). Nevertheless, even dictionaries such as Merriam-Webster's, American Heritage, and Oxford, which describe actual usage instead of prescribing outdated usage (and therefore also list the newer form), still list the older form first. This is because the older form is still very common in print and preferred by many editors. ("Although daylight saving time is considered correct, daylight savings time (with an "s") is commonly used.") The first two words are sometimes hyphenated (daylight-saving[s] time). Merriam-Webster's also lists the forms daylight saving (without "time"), daylight savings (without "time"), and daylight time.

Q1: What author is credited with explaining the usage of daylight saving time and daylight savings time with an "s" in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English?
A1: Richard Meade
Q2: In 1978, according to Meade, which form of the phrase was more commonly used: daylight saving time or daylight savings time?
A2: daylight savings time
Q3: Which form of the phrase is more common in print publications?
A3: daylight saving time
Q4: Joining Merriam-Webster's and the Oxford dictionary, the older form of the phrase without the "s" is still listed first in what dictionary?
A4: American Heritage
Q5: Along with "daylight saving" and "daylight savings," what alternate form does Merriam-Webster's include?
A5: daylight time
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The kozane were made from either iron or leather and were bound together into small strips, the strips were coated with lacquer to protect the kozane from water. A series of strips of kozane were then laced together with silk or leather lace and formed into a complete chest armor (dou or dō).

Q1: What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century?
A1: a form of lamellar armor
Q2: What was the first samurai armor called?
A2: yoroi
Q3: What were the small scales in yoroi called?
A3: kozane
Q4: What were kozane made of?
A4: iron or leather
Q5: What was a full chest armor called?
A5: dou
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

As federal judge Alex Kozinski has pointed out, binding precedent as we know it today simply did not exist at the time the Constitution was framed. Judicial decisions were not consistently, accurately, and faithfully reported on both sides of the Atlantic (reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked), and the United Kingdom lacked a coherent court hierarchy prior to the end of the 19th century. Furthermore, English judges in the eighteenth century subscribed to now-obsolete natural law theories of law, by which law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said. Judges saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law. Therefore, a judge could reject another judge's opinion as simply an incorrect statement of the law, in the way that scientists regularly reject each other's conclusions as incorrect statements of the laws of science.

Q1: Who has noted that binding precedent did not exist when the Constitution was written?
A1: federal judge Alex Kozinski
Q2: Why were decisions not reported or recoded correctly?
A2: reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked
Q3: What are the natural theories of law that that the English judges in the eighteenth century used?
A3: law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said
Q4: Why could one judge reject another judges opinion?
A4: saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law
Q5: Why would one judge reject another's opinion?
A5: incorrect statement of the law
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

As female fetuses have two X chromosomes and male ones a XY pair, the chromosome Y is the responsible for producing male differentiation on the defect female development. The differentiation process is driven by androgen hormones, mainly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The newly formed testicles in the fetus are responsible for the secretion of androgens, that will cooperate in driving the sexual differentiation of the developing fetus, included its brain. This results in sexual differences between males and females. This fact has led some scientists to test in various ways the result of modifying androgen exposure levels in mammals during fetus and early life.

Q1: Which chromosome is responsible for produlcing male differentiation on defect female development?
A1: chromosome Y
Q2: What is the differentiation process driven by?
A2: androgen hormones,
Q3: What results in sexual differences in males and females?
A3: secretion of androgens, that will cooperate in driving the sexual differentiation of the developing fetus, included its brain
Q4: What have scientist began to test due to the fact that adrogen results in sexual differences?
A4: the result of modifying androgen exposure levels in mammals during fetus and early life
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

As financial assets became more and more complex, and harder and harder to value, investors were reassured by the fact that both the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators, who came to rely on them, accepted as valid some complex mathematical models which theoretically showed the risks were much smaller than they actually proved to be. George Soros commented that "The super-boom got out of hand when the new products became so complicated that the authorities could no longer calculate the risks and started relying on the risk management methods of the banks themselves. Similarly, the rating agencies relied on the information provided by the originators of synthetic products. It was a shocking abdication of responsibility."

Q1: Who commented that the super-boom got out of hand when products became so complicated that risk could not be accurately calculated?
A1: George Soros
Q2: What happened to financial assets that made them harder to value?
A2: more complex
Q3: Who did rating agencies rely on for information to rate financial innovation products?
A3: the originators of synthetic products
Q4: When authorities could no longer calculate the risks of complex financial innovation products, who did they rely on for information?
A4: the banks
Q5: Who reassured investors by showing the risk of complex financial innovation products was actually less than they proved to be?
A5: international bond rating agencies
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

As for Mac OS, System 7 was a 32-bit rewrite from Pascal to C++ that introduced virtual memory and improved the handling of color graphics, as well as memory addressing, networking, and co-operative multitasking. Also during this time, the Macintosh began to shed the "Snow White" design language, along with the expensive consulting fees they were paying to Frogdesign. Apple instead brought the design work in-house by establishing the Apple Industrial Design Group, becoming responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products.

Q1: Which Mac is known for improving the handling of color graphics?
A1: Mac OS, System 7
Q2: Who did Apple pay expensive consulting fees to before doing in-house work?
A2: Frogdesign
Q3: What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house?
A3: the Apple Industrial Design Group
Q4: Who was responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products?
A4: Apple Industrial Design Group
Q5: How did the Mac System 7 improve multitasking?
A5: co-operative multitasking
Title: Strasbourg
Topic: Geography and places

As for modern and contemporary architecture, Strasbourg possesses some fine Art Nouveau buildings (such as the huge Palais des Fêtes and houses and villas like Villa Schutzenberger and Hôtel Brion), good examples of post-World War II functional architecture (the Cité Rotterdam, for which Le Corbusier did not succeed in the architectural contest) and, in the very extended Quartier Européen, some spectacular administrative buildings of sometimes utterly large size, among which the European Court of Human Rights building by Richard Rogers is arguably the finest. Other noticeable contemporary buildings are the new Music school Cité de la Musique et de la Danse, the Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain and the Hôtel du Département facing it, as well as, in the outskirts, the tramway-station Hoenheim-Nord designed by Zaha Hadid.

Q1: What is the fine Art Nouveau villa called? 
A1: Villa Schutzenberger
Q2: Who lost the architectural contest?
A2: Le Corbusier
Q3: Who built the European Court of Human Rights building?
A3: Richard Rogers
Q4: What did Zaha Hadid design?
A4: Hoenheim-Nord
Q5: What is considered to be the finest building?
A5: European Court of Human Rights
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As god of colonization, Apollo gave oracular guidance on colonies, especially during the height of colonization, 750–550 BCE. According to Greek tradition, he helped Cretan or Arcadian colonists found the city of Troy. However, this story may reflect a cultural influence which had the reverse direction: Hittite cuneiform texts mention a Minor Asian god called Appaliunas or Apalunas in connection with the city of Wilusa attested in Hittite inscriptions, which is now generally regarded as being identical with the Greek Ilion by most scholars. In this interpretation, Apollo's title of Lykegenes can simply be read as "born in Lycia", which effectively severs the god's supposed link with wolves (possibly a folk etymology).

Q1: Who was god of colonization?
A1: Apollo
Q2: When was the height of colonization?
A2: 750–550 BCE
Q3: What does Lykegenes mean?
A3: born in Lycia
Title: Dominican_Order
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As heirs of the Dominican priory of Poissy in France, the Dartford sisters were also heirs to a tradition of profound learning and piety. Sections of translations of spiritual writings in Dartford's library, such as Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Laurent du Bois' Somme le Roi, show that the "ghoostli" link to Europe was not lost in the crossing of the Channel. It survived in the minds of the nuns. Also, the nuns shared a unique identity with Poissy as a religious house founded by a royal house. The English nuns were proud of this heritage, and aware that many of them shared in England's great history as members of the noble class, as seen in the next chapter.

Q1: The Dartford sisters were heirs of what priory?
A1: priory of Poissy
Q2: Where was the priory of Poissy located?
A2: France
Q3: What book could be found in The Dartford sister's library?
A3: Suso's Little Book of Eternal Wisdom
Q4: What did the Dartford nunnery have in common with the priory of Poissy?
A4: a religious house founded by a royal house
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

As in Brazil, the mandolin has played an important role in the Music of Venezuela. It has enjoyed a privileged position as the main melodic instrument in several different regions of the country. Specifically, the eastern states of Sucre, Nueva Esparta, Anzoategui and Monagas have made the mandolin the main instrument in their versions of Joropo as well as Puntos, Jotas, Polos, Fulias, Merengues and Malagueñas. Also, in the west of the country the sound of the mandolin is intrinsically associated with the regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes: Bambucos, Pasillos, Pasodobles, and Waltzes. In the western city of Maracaibo the Mandolin has been played in Decimas, Danzas and Contradanzas Zulianas; in the capital, Caracas, the Merengue Rucaneao, Pasodobles and Waltzes have also been played with mandolin for almost a century. Today, Venezuelan mandolists include an important group of virtuoso players and ensembles such as Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto.

Q1: What place in Brazil do mandolins play an important role?  
A1: Venezuela
Q2: What is the sound of mandolin associated with in the west country? 
A2: regional genres of the Venezuelan Andes
Q3: Who are the famous Venezuelen mandolinist? 
A3: Alberto Valderrama, Jesus Rengel, Ricardo Sandoval, Saul Vera, and Cristobal Soto.
Title: Annelid
Topic: Natural sciences

As in arthropods, each muscle fiber (cell) is controlled by more than one neuron, and the speed and power of the fiber's contractions depends on the combined effects of all its neurons. Vertebrates have a different system, in which one neuron controls a group of muscle fibers. Most annelids' longitudinal nerve trunks include giant axons (the output signal lines of nerve cells). Their large diameter decreases their resistance, which allows them to transmit signals exceptionally fast. This enables these worms to withdraw rapidly from danger by shortening their bodies. Experiments have shown that cutting the giant axons prevents this escape response but does not affect normal movement.

Q1: What species group are annelids' muscle control similar to?
A1: arthropods
Q2: What are giant axons?
A2: the output signal lines of nerve cells
Q3: How do annelids withdraw from danger?
A3: shortening their bodies
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

As in many other countries, child labour in Switzerland affected among the so-called Kaminfegerkinder ("chimney sweep children") and chidren working p.e. in spinning mills, factories and in agriculture in 19th-century Switzerland, but also to the 1960s so-called Verdingkinder (literally: "contract children" or "indentured child laborers") were children who were taken from their parents, often due to poverty or moral reasons – usually mothers being unmarried, very poor citizens, of Gypsy–Yeniche origin, so-called Kinder der Landstrasse, etc. – and sent to live with new families, often poor farmers who needed cheap labour.

Q1: What is Kaminfegerkinder?
A1: chimney sweep children
Q2: What types of child labour did Switzerland employ?
A2: spinning mills, factories and in agriculture
Q3: Where did the children go to work primarily in Switzerland?
A3: poor farmers who needed cheap labour
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

As in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities. Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13 percent of the district's population.

Q1: What is the overwhelming ethnic majority in Nanjing?
A1: Han nationality
Q2: What minority nationality is most common?
A2: Hui nationalities
Q3: What is the second most common minority group in Nanjing?
A3: Manchu
Q4: How many people of Manchu descent live in Nanjing?
A4: 2,311
Q5: How many minority nationality types does Nanjing contain?
A5: 50
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

As in much of Europe, the prosperity of Alsace came to an end in the 14th century by a series of harsh winters, bad harvests, and the Black Death. These hardships were blamed on Jews, leading to the pogroms of 1336 and 1339. In 1349, Jews of Alsace were accused of poisoning the wells with plague, leading to the massacre of thousands of Jews during the Strasbourg pogrom. Jews were subsequently forbidden to settle in the town. An additional natural disaster was the Rhine rift earthquake of 1356, one of Europe's worst which made ruins of Basel. Prosperity returned to Alsace under Habsburg administration during the Renaissance.

Q1: About when did Alsace lose its prosperity?
A1: 14th century
Q2: Why did Alsace decline has a prospering territory?
A2: harsh winters, bad harvests, and the Black Death
Q3: Which group of people were wrongly blamed for all the disasters that struck the region?
A3: blamed on Jews
Q4: What were the jewish people accused of in Alsace?
A4: accused of poisoning the wells with plague
Q5: When did the Rhine Rift earthquake occur?
A5: 1356,
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

As in other major American cities in the postwar era, construction of an extensive highway and freeway system around Detroit and pent-up demand for new housing stimulated suburbanization; highways made commuting by car easier. In 1956, Detroit's last heavily used electric streetcar line along the length of Woodward Avenue was removed and replaced with gas-powered buses. It was the last line of what had once been a 534-mile network of electric streetcars. In 1941 at peak times, a streetcar ran on Woodward Avenue every 60 seconds.

Q1: In which year was the last electric streetcar line removed?
A1: 1956
Q2: How many seconds did a streetcar run along Woodward Ave in 1941?
A2: 60
Q3: What made car travel much easier?
A3: highways
Title: Film_speed
Topic: Engineering and technology

As in the Scheiner system, speeds were expressed in 'degrees'. Originally the sensitivity was written as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN"), where the resultant value 1.8 represented the relative base 10 logarithm of the speed. 'Tenths' were later abandoned with DIN 4512:1957-11, and the example above would be written as "18° DIN". The degree symbol was finally dropped with DIN 4512:1961-10. This revision also saw significant changes in the definition of film speeds in order to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard, so that film speeds of black-and-white negative film effectively would become doubled, that is, a film previously marked as "18° DIN" would now be labeled as "21 DIN" without emulsion changes.

Q1: What unit was used in the DIN to express speeds? 
A1: degrees
Q2: How was sensitivity expressed at first in the DIN system?
A2: as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN")
Q3: When did the degree symbol fall out of use in the DIN system?
A3: with DIN 4512:1961-10
Q4: Why did the definition of film speeds change considerably?
A4: to accommodate then-recent changes in the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard
Q5: What happened to film speeds of black-and-white negative film?
A5: would become doubled
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

As in the other Western Romance languages, the main plural expression is the suffix -s, which may create morphological alternations similar to the ones found in gender inflection, albeit more rarely. The most important one is the addition of -o- before certain consonant groups, a phonetic phenomenon that does not affect feminine forms: el pols/els polsos ("the pulse"/"the pulses") vs. la pols/les pols ("the dust"/"the dusts").

Q1: What is the usual way to make a plural?
A1: suffix -s
Q2: What can the addition of the suffix -s produce?
A2: morphological alternations
Q3: To what are these morphological changes similar?
A3: gender inflection
Q4: What is an important plural alternation?
A4: addition of -o-
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

As in the rest of the former Confederacy, North Carolina had become a one-party state, dominated by the Democratic Party. Impoverished by the Civil War, the state continued with an economy based on tobacco, cotton and agriculture. Towns and cities remained few in the east. A major industrial base emerged in the late 19th century in the western counties of the Piedmont, based on cotton mills established at the fall line. Railroads were built to connect the new industrializing cities. The state was the site of the first successful controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air flight, by the Wright brothers, near Kitty Hawk on December 17, 1903. In the first half of the 20th century, many African Americans left the state to go North for better opportunities, in the Great Migration. Their departure changed the demographic characteristics of many areas.

Q1: What political party Dominated NC after the confederacy?
A1: Democratic
Q2: What was the economy of North Carolina based on after the confederacy?
A2: tobacco, cotton and agriculture
Q3: When did a major industrial base appear in North Carolina?
A3: late 19th century
Q4: Where did the major industrial base appear in North Carolina?
A4: western counties of the Piedmont
Q5: What was the emergence of the industrial base of North carolina based on?
A5: cotton mills
Title: Sumer
Topic: History

As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After drying, they plowed, harrowed, and raked the ground three times, and pulverized it with a mattock, before planting seed. Unfortunately the high evaporation rate resulted in a gradual increase in the salinity of the fields. By the Ur III period, farmers had switched from wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley as their principal crop.

Q1: How do archaeologists know about Sumerian agricultural practices? 
A1: from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac"
Q2: When would farmers flood their fields?
A2: after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu
Q3: Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground?
A3: kill weeds
Q4: How many times did Sumerian farmers plow, harrow and rake the ground?
A4: three times
Q5: The the Ur III period, what crop had Sumerians switched to from wheat for their primary crop?
A5: salt-tolerant barley
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

As is sometimes common in scientific discoveries, simultaneous developments can occur, as evidenced by a number of inventors who were at work on the telephone. Over a period of 18 years, the Bell Telephone Company faced 587 court challenges to its patents, including five that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, but none was successful in establishing priority over the original Bell patent and the Bell Telephone Company never lost a case that had proceeded to a final trial stage. Bell's laboratory notes and family letters were the key to establishing a long lineage to his experiments. The Bell company lawyers successfully fought off myriad lawsuits generated initially around the challenges by Elisha Gray and Amos Dolbear. In personal correspondence to Bell, both Gray and Dolbear had acknowledged his prior work, which considerably weakened their later claims.

Q1: During how many years did the Bell Company battle lawsuits?
A1: 18
Q2: How many times were Bell's patents contested?
A2: 587
Q3: How many of the court cases wound up at the Supreme Court?
A3: 5
Q4: Elisha Gray and what other man were behind many of the court cases?
A4: Amos Dolbear
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

As it has on every aspect of Charleston culture, the Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music. In turn, the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country. The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake's "Charleston Rag" and later James P. Johnson's "The Charleston", as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s. "Ballin' the Jack", which was a popular dance in the years before "The Charleston", was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith.

Q1: Who wrote the "Charleston"?
A1: Chris Smith
Q2: What decade was the Charleston dance popular nationally?
A2: 1920s
Q3: Who created the song "Charleston Rag"?
A3: Eubie Blake
Q4: Which Charleston community had a large influence on jazz music?
A4: the Gullah community
Q5: Geechee dances are associated with the music of what type of worker?
A5: dock workers
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

As many Japanese had feared, Japan's supply arrangements could not maintain her forces. Once Mutaguchi's hopes for an early victory were thwarted, his troops, particularly those at Kohima, starved. During May, while Mutaguchi continued to order attacks, the Allies advanced southwards from Kohima and northwards from Imphal. The two Allied attacks met on 22 June, breaking the Japanese siege of Imphal. The Japanese finally broke off the operation on 3 July. They had lost over 50,000 troops, mainly to starvation and disease. This represented the worst defeat suffered by the Japanese Army to that date.[citation needed]

Q1: What happened to Mutaguchi's troops?
A1: starved
Q2: When was the Japanese siege of Imphal broken?
A2: 22 June
Q3: How many troops had the Japanese lost?
A3: 50,000
Q4: What was the main cause of death of the Japanese troops?
A4: starvation and disease
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

As many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play "Porgy" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this "folk opera", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.

Q1: What other president did the Jenkins Orphanage play for other than Taft?
A1: Theodore Roosevelt
Q2: What play did the Jenkins Orphanage band play for on Broadway ?
A2: Porgy
Q3: What was the name of the "folk opera" based on 'Porgy'?
A3: Porgy and Bess
Q4: Where did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera?
A4: Folly Beach outside of Charleston
Q5: When did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera?
A5: summer of 1934
Title: Pub
Topic: History

As many pubs are centuries old, many of their early customers were unable to read, and pictorial signs could be readily recognised when lettering and words could not be read.

Q1: What type of pub signs were useful to an illiterate clientele?
A1: pictorial signs
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

As mayor, Young sought to revive the city by seeking to increase investment in the city's declining downtown. The Renaissance Center, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977. This group of skyscrapers was an attempt to keep businesses in downtown. Young also gave city support to other large developments to attract middle and upper-class residents back to the city. Despite the Renaissance Center and other projects, the downtown area continued to lose businesses to the suburbs. Major stores and hotels closed and many large office buildings went vacant. Young was criticized for being too focused on downtown development and not doing enough to lower the city's high crime rate and improve city services.

Q1: What group of buildings opened in 1977?
A1: The Renaissance Center
Q2: What was Mayor Young criticized for not reducing?
A2: high crime rate
Q3: What area did downtown Detroit continue to lose businesses to?
A3: suburbs
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

As mentioned, lifestyle- and obesity-related diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent all around the world. There is little doubt that the increasingly widespread application of some modern food processing technologies has contributed to this development. The food processing industry is a major part of modern economy, and as such it is influential in political decisions (e.g., nutritional recommendations, agricultural subsidising). In any known profit-driven economy, health considerations are hardly a priority; effective production of cheap foods with a long shelf-life is more the trend. In general, whole, fresh foods have a relatively short shelf-life and are less profitable to produce and sell than are more processed foods. Thus, the consumer is left with the choice between more expensive, but nutritionally superior, whole, fresh foods, and cheap, usually nutritionally inferior, processed foods. Because processed foods are often cheaper, more convenient (in both purchasing, storage, and preparation), and more available, the consumption of nutritionally inferior foods has been increasing throughout the world along with many nutrition-related health complications.

Q1: What is undoubtedly a cause of the increase in obesity related diseases that are becoming prevalent?
A1: widespread application of some modern food processing technologies
Q2: Aside from agricultural subsidizing, what else does the food processing industry influence in terms of political decisions?
A2: nutritional recommendations
Q3: What is perceived as the general priority of the food processing industry in this sort of economy?
A3: effective production of cheap foods with a long shelf-life
Q4: The more expensive fresh foods have what nutritional value in relation to processed food?
A4: superior
Q5: Other than being cheaper, what is another main draw of processed foods?
A5: more convenient
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As musicians depended more and more on public support, public concerts became increasingly popular and helped supplement performers' and composers' incomes. The concerts also helped them to reach a wider audience. Handel, for example, epitomized this with his highly public musical activities in London. He gained considerable fame there with performances of his operas and oratorios. The music of Haydn and Mozart, with their Viennese Classical styles, are usually regarded as being the most in line with the Enlightenment ideals.

Q1: Whose incomes did public concerts help support?
A1: performers' and composers'
Q2: Handel gained considerable fame with performances of what two types of artistic work?
A2: operas and oratorios
Q3: Which two composers are usually regarded as being the most in line with the Enlightenment ideals?
A3: Haydn and Mozart
Q4: What style of music did Haydn and Mozart share?
A4: Viennese Classical
Title: Swaziland
Topic: Geography and places

As noted above, there are 55 tinkhundla in Swaziland and each elects one representative to the House of Assembly of Swaziland. Each inkhundla has a development committee (bucopho) elected from the various constituency chiefdoms in its area for a five-year term. Bucopho bring to the inkhundla all matters of interest and concern to their various chiefdoms, and take back to the chiefdoms the decisions of the inkhundla. The chairman of the bucopho is elected at the inkhundla and is called indvuna ye nkhundla.

Q1: How many representatives does each tinkhundla elect to the Swazi House of Assembly?
A1: one
Q2: What is a single term of a Swazi development committee?
A2: a five-year term
Q3: To whom do Bucopho take the decisions and concerns?
A3: the chiefdoms
Q4: Where is the Bucopho chairman elected?
A4: at the inkhundla
Q5: What is the chairman of the bucopho also called?
A5: indvuna ye nkhundla
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

As noted in the introduction to this article, the American public has maintained its position of support for capital punishment for murder. However, when given a choice between the death penalty and life imprisonment without parole, support has traditionally been significantly lower than polling which has only mentioned the death penalty as a punishment. In 2010, for instance, one poll showed 49 percent favoring the death penalty and 46 percent favoring life imprisonment while in another 61% said they preferred another punishment to the death penalty. The highest level of support for the death penalty recorded overall was 80 percent in 1994 (16 percent opposed), and the lowest recorded was 42 percent in 1966 (47 percent opposed). On the question of the death penalty vs. life without parole, the strongest preference for the death penalty was 61 percent in 1997 (29 percent favoring life), and the lowest preference for the death penalty was 47 percent in 2006 (48 percent favoring life).

Q1: In what year did the most polled American support capital punishment?
A1: 1994
Q2: What percentage of polled Americans opposed the death penalty in 1966?
A2: 47
Q3: In a 1977 poll, what percentage of respondents preferred life imprisonment to the death penalty?
A3: 29
Q4: In a 2006 poll, what percentage of polled Americans preferred the death penalty to life without parole?
A4: 47
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the previous SMP was temporary, while the Outright Monetary Transactions (OMT) programme has no ex-ante time or size limit. On 4 September 2014, the bank went further by announcing it would buy bonds and other debt instruments primarily from banks in a bid to boost the availability of credit for businesses.

Q1: By 2012, how much did the ECB spend in covering bad debt?
A1: €212.1bn
Q2: How does the ECB plan to increase the available credit for businesses?
A2: Outright Monetary Transactions
Q3: What is the duration of the Outright Monetary Transactions program?
A3: no ex-ante time or size limit
Q4: When was the new idea for the purchasing of eurozone bonds announced?
A4: 6 September 2012
Q5: How long was the duration of the Securities Markets Programme to last?
A5: temporary
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

As of 1878, there were only three free Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro. Bulgaria was also free but was de jure vassal to the Ottoman Empire until official independence was declared in 1908. In the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million were Slavs. The Slavic peoples who were, for the most part, denied a voice in the affairs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, were calling for national self-determination. During World War I, representatives of the Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes set up organizations in the Allied countries to gain sympathy and recognition. In 1918, after World War I ended, the Slavs established such independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.

Q1: What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878?
A1: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro
Q2: When were the Russian Empire, Serbia, and Montenegro the only free Slavic states in the world?
A2: 1878
Q3: Whose official independence was declared in 1908?
A3: Bulgaria
Q4: When were independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs established?
A4: In 1918
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 15.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%.

Q1: What percent of the population are 19 years old and under?
A1: 15.1%
Q2: What percent of the population are between 20-64?
A2: 65%
Q3: What percent of the population are over 64 years old?
A3: 19.9%
Q4: What age group has most of the population included?
A4: adults
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced.

Q1: How many people were single in Bern in 2000?
A1: 59,948
Q2: How many people were married in Bern in 2000?
A2: 49,873
Q3: How many people were widows or widowers in Bern in 2000?
A3: 9,468
Q4: Where there more married or single people in Bern in 2000?
A4: single
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

As of 2000[update], there were 67,115 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. There were 34,981 households that consist of only one person and 1,592 households with five or more people. In 2000[update], a total of 65,538 apartments (90.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5,352 apartments (7.4%) were seasonally occupied and 1,444 apartments (2.0%) were empty. As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents.

Q1: What is the average of people per household in Bern?
A1: 1.8 persons
Q2: How many households have 5 or more people living in them?
A2: 1,592
Q3: What percentage of the apartment homes in Bern were occupied in 2000?
A3: 90.6%
Q4: What percent of apartments are seasonal apartments?
A4: 7.4%