LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Aspirated_consonant
Topic: Language and literature

The term aspiration sometimes refers to the sound change of debuccalization, in which a consonant is lenited (weakened) to become a glottal stop or fricative [ʔ h ɦ].

Q1: Aspiration may refer to a sound change of what?
A1: debuccalization
Q2: Debuccalization is when consonants are weakened to become what?
A2: glottal stop or fricative
Q3: What is another term for a consonant being weakened?
A3: lenited
Title: Biodiversity
Topic: Natural sciences

The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy. Thomas Lovejoy, in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology, introduced the term to the scientific community. Until then the term "natural diversity" was common, introduced by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study, "The Preservation of Natural Diversity." By the early 1980s TNC's Science program and its head, Robert E. Jenkins, Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of the term "biological diversity".

Q1: Which scientist first used the term biological diversity?
A1: Raymond F. Dasmann
Q2: What book first contained the term biological diversity?
A2: A Different Kind of Country
Q3: What decade did the term biological diversity become common usage in science and economics?
A3: the 1980s
Q4: Who introduced the term biological diversity to the scientific community?
A4: Thomas Lovejoy
Q5: What term was common before biological diversity?
A5: "natural diversity"
Title: Intellectual_property
Topic: History

The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown., in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears." The statement that "discoveries are...property" goes back earlier. Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, "All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years." In Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846.

Q1: When was the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown ruled on?
A1: October 1845
Q2: Which court ruled on the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown?
A2: Massachusetts Circuit Court
Q3: Who wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property"?
A3: Justice Charles L. Woodbury
Q4: What year did the "discoveries are property" concept appear in French law?
A4: 1791
Q5: When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property?
A5: 1846
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral.

Q1: At one time, Priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as?
A1: cardinal
Q2: How early was this term used?
A2: ninth century
Q3: The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral?
A3: tituli
Q4: What Latin word does "cardinal" come from?
A4: cardo
Q5: Which church still holds on to the original meaning of "cardinal" from the above Latin word?
A5: The Church of England
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

The term child labour can be misleading when it confuses harmful work with employment that may be beneficial to children. It can also ignore harmful work outside employment and any benefits children normally derive from their work. Domestic work is an example: all families but the rich must work at cleaning, cooking, caring, and more to maintain their homes. In most families in the world, this process extends to productive activities, especially herding and various types of agriculture, and to a variety of small family businesses. Where trading is a significant feature of social life, children can start trading in small items at an early age, often in the company of family members or of peers.

Q1: What is benefical work for children?
A1: Domestic work
Q2: What can children do in countries were trading is involved?
A2: children can start trading in small items at an early age, often in the company of family members or of peers
Q3: All but what type of children must learn to clean?
A3: rich
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

The term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλεκτος diálektos, "discourse", from διά diá, "through" and λέγω legō, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.

Q1: What language is the word dialectus from?
A1: Latin
Q2: From what language does the word diálektos come?
A2: Greek
Q3: What does diálektos mean in English?
A3: discourse
Q4: How many different types of linguistic phenomena is the term dialect used to describe?
A4: two
Q5: How many distinct ways is the term dialect used?
A5: two
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

The term financial innovation refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve particular client objectives, such as offsetting a particular risk exposure (such as the default of a borrower) or to assist with obtaining financing. Examples pertinent to this crisis included: the adjustable-rate mortgage; the bundling of subprime mortgages into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or collateralized debt obligations (CDO) for sale to investors, a type of securitization; and a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps (CDS). The usage of these products expanded dramatically in the years leading up to the crisis. These products vary in complexity and the ease with which they can be valued on the books of financial institutions.

Q1: What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products?
A1: financial innovation
Q2: What is an example of financial innovation pertinent to the financial crisis?
A2: adjustable-rate mortgage
Q3: What is the abbreviation for a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps?
A3: CDS
Q4: What is the financial innovation that bundles subprime mortgages?
A4: mortgage-backed securities (MBS)
Q5: What happened to the usage of financial innovation products in the years leading up the financial crisis?
A5: expanded dramatically
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The term hardware covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and mice are all hardware.

Q1: Parts of a computer that are real objects are collectively known as what?
A1: hardware
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

The term heartwood derives solely from its position and not from any vital importance to the tree. This is evidenced by the fact that a tree can thrive with its heart completely decayed. Some species begin to form heartwood very early in life, so having only a thin layer of live sapwood, while in others the change comes slowly. Thin sapwood is characteristic of such species as chestnut, black locust, mulberry, osage-orange, and sassafras, while in maple, ash, hickory, hackberry, beech, and pine, thick sapwood is the rule. Others never form heartwood.

Q1: If a tree starts forming heartwood right away, will its sapwood layer be thin or thick?
A1: thin
Q2: What property of heartwood that has nothing to do with how important it is to trees got it its name?
A2: position
Q3: Does a beech tree usually have thin or thick sapwood?
A3: thick
Q4: Does a sassafras tree typically have a thin or thick sapwood layer?
A4: Thin
Q5: Would a thin or a thick sapwood layer be found in a pine tree?
A5: thick
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The term heresy is also used as an ideological pigeonhole for contemporary writers because, by definition, heresy depends on contrasts with an established orthodoxy. For example, the tongue-in-cheek contemporary usage of heresy, such as to categorize a "Wall Street heresy" a "Democratic heresy" or a "Republican heresy," are metaphors that invariably retain a subtext that links orthodoxies in geology or biology or any other field to religion. These expanded metaphoric senses allude to both the difference between the person's views and the mainstream and the boldness of such a person in propounding these views.

Q1: By definition, what contrast does heresy depend on?
A1: an established orthodoxy
Q2: What figure of speech is the word heresy commonly used as in present day scenarios?
A2: metaphors
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The term heresy is from Greek αἵρεσις originally meant "choice" or "thing chosen", but it came to mean the "party or school of a man's choice" and also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live. The word "heresy" is usually used within a Christian, Jewish, or Islamic context, and implies slightly different meanings in each. The founder or leader of a heretical movement is called a heresiarch, while individuals who espouse heresy or commit heresy are known as heretics. Heresiology is the study of heresy.

Q1: What language does the term heresy find its roots in?
A1: Greek
Q2: What is the relationship between the context heresy is used in for Christian, Jewish, or Islamic cultures?
A2: slightly different
Q3: What is the head person of a heretical movement called?
A3: heresiarch
Q4: What is the study of heresy?
A4: Heresiology
Q5: What is the original meaning of heresy when translated directly from its root word?
A5: "choice" or "thing chosen"
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to create true "HDTV" spanned the entire 20th century, as each new system became more HD than the last.In the beginning of the 21st century, this race has continued with 4k, 5k and current 8K systems.

Q1: The term "high definition" originally described televisions systems from what year?
A1: 1936
Q2: Earlier television systems were based on what?
A2: mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution
Q3: During which entire century were companies and nations trying to achieve true HDTV?
A3: 20th
Q4: In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?
A4: 21st
Q5: What is the most current HDTV system development?
A5: 8K
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The term is usually used to refer to violations of important religious teachings, but is used also of views strongly opposed to any generally accepted ideas. It is used in particular in reference to Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism.

Q1: What religions and idea of thought is heresy cited as being used frequently in?
A1: Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

The term mainly refers to a mix of lithium and aluminosilicates that yields an array of materials with interesting thermomechanical properties. The most commercially important of these have the distinction of being impervious to thermal shock. Thus, glass-ceramics have become extremely useful for countertop cooking. The negative thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the crystalline ceramic phase can be balanced with the positive CTE of the glassy phase. At a certain point (~70% crystalline) the glass-ceramic has a net CTE near zero. This type of glass-ceramic exhibits excellent mechanical properties and can sustain repeated and quick temperature changes up to 1000 °C.

Q1: How high of a temperature change can glass-ceramics handle?
A1: 1000 °C
Q2: Because of their heat resistance, glass-ceramics are especially suitable for what?
A2: countertop cooking
Q3: What is the most economically significant property of glass-ceramics?
A3: impervious to thermal shock
Q4: What ingredients give glass-ceramics its useful heat tolerance?
A4: lithium and aluminosilicates
Q5: What proportion of crystalline ceramics yields a product with a CTE of around 0?
A5: ~70%
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

The term middle east as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology. An uncountable number of places appear to have had their middle easts from gardens to regions, including the United States. The innovation of the term "Near East" to mean the holdings of the Ottoman Empire as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap. The East Indies, or "Far East," derived ultimately from Ptolemy's "India Beyond the Ganges." The Ottoman Empire ended at the eastern border of Iraq. "India This Side of the Ganges" and Iran had been omitted. The archaeologists counted Iran as "the Near East" because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there. This usage did not sit well with the diplomats; India was left in an equivocal state. They needed a regional term.

Q1: When was the term middle east common as a noun and adjective?
A1: the 19th century
Q2: The middle east was not common in diplomacy and what other context?
A2: archaeology
Q3: Where did the "Far East" derive from? 
A3: Ptolemy's "India Beyond the Ganges."
Q4: Where did the Ottoman Empire end?
A4: the eastern border of Iraq
Q5: Why did archaeologists count Iran as "The Near East"?
A5: because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The term parinirvana is also encountered in Buddhism, and this generally refers to the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at the moment of death, when the physical body expires.

Q1: What term is used for the complete nirvana attained by the arahant at death?
A1: parinirvana
Title: Alloy
Topic: Mathematics

The term pewter covers a variety of alloys consisting primarily of tin. As a pure metal, tin was much too soft to be used for any practical purpose. However, in the Bronze age, tin was a rare metal and, in many parts of Europe and the Mediterranean, was often valued higher than gold. To make jewelry, forks and spoons, or other objects from tin, it was usually alloyed with other metals to increase its strength and hardness. These metals were typically lead, antimony, bismuth or copper. These solutes sometimes were added individually in varying amounts, or added together, making a wide variety of things, ranging from practical items, like dishes, surgical tools, candlesticks or funnels, to decorative items such as ear rings and hair clips.

Q1: Pewter is mostly made up of?
A1: tin
Q2: Why was tin was rarely used for everyday use?
A2: too soft
Q3: During the bronze age, which metal was valued higher than gold in Europe and the Mediterranean?
A3: tin
Q4: What was done to tin to make it stronger?
A4: alloyed with other metals
Q5: What metals were alloyed with tin to make it stronger?
A5: lead, antimony, bismuth or copper
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

The term prime minister in the sense that we know it originated in the 18th century in the United Kingdom when members of parliament disparagingly used the title in reference to Sir Robert Walpole. Over time, the title became honorific and remains so in the 21st century.

Q1: When did the modern usage of prime minister come into being?
A1: 18th century
Q2: Who was referenced as prime minister in a negative manner when the term was first used in its modern sense?
A2: Sir Robert Walpole
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning. In Japanese, it was originally recorded in the Nara Period as a verb *samorapu ("to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to serve, to attend"), which is believed to be derived from the frequentative form (*morapu 守らふ) of the verb moru (守る, "to watch, to guard, to be on the lookout; to keep, to protect, to take care of, to be in charge of, to have as one's ward"). By the Heian period, this word had developed into the verb saburahu (さぶらふ, "to serve, to attend"), from which a deverbal noun saburahi (さぶらひ, "servant, attendant") was later derived, and this noun then yielded samurahi (さむらひ) in the Edo period. In Japanese literature, there is an early reference to samurai in the Kokinshū (古今集, early 10th century):

Q1: What did 'samurai' mean at first?
A1: those who serve in close attendance to nobility
Q2: What did 'samorapu' mean?
A2: to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to serve, to attend
Q3: What did 'saburahu' mean?
A3: to serve, to attend
Q4: What did 'saburahi' mean?
A4: servant, attendant
Q5: When was the word 'samurahi' used?
A5: the Edo period
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g., the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from the German "Erbe", "heritage").

Q1: What german word does the term szlachta come from?
A1: slahta
Q2: What does slahta mean?
A2: "(noble) family"
Q3: What is the polish name for knight?
A3: rycerz
Q4: German name for knight?
A4: Ritter
Q5: Where does the word her derive from in german?
A5: Erbe
Title: Genome
Topic: Natural sciences

The term was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name to be a blend of the words gene and chromosome. However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. A few related -ome words already existed—such as biome, rhizome, forming a vocabulary into which genome fits systematically.

Q1: Who coined the word genome?
A1: Hans Winkler
Q2: In what year was the word genome first created?
A2: 1920
Q3: At what university was Hans Winkler employed when he created the word genome?
A3: University of Hamburg
Q4: Which two similar words share etymology with genome?
A4: biome, rhizome
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

The terminology can also be confusing because a treaty may and usually is named something other than a treaty, such as a convention, protocol, or simply agreement. Conversely some legal documents such as the Treaty of Waitangi are internationally considered to be documents under domestic law.

Q1: What is the Treaty of Waitangi internationally considered to be?
A1: documents under domestic law
Q2: What other terms might be used to refer to a treaty?
A2: convention, protocol, or simply agreement
Q3: What common terminological problem can sometimes lead to confusion surrounding a treaty?
A3: named something other than a treaty,
Q4: What's an example of a treaty that is considered internationally to be documents under domestic law?
A4: the Treaty of Waitangi
Q5: Convention, protocol, and agreement are examples of examples of different kinds of what that can create confusion about a treaty?
A5: terminology
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

The terms "language" and "dialect" are not necessarily mutually exclusive: There is nothing contradictory in the statement "the language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of German".

Q1: The language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of what language?
A1: German
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

The terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant. Their common meaning until the late eighteenth century was a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. They were therefore initially synonyms. It was in this sense that James Madison in Federalist 39 had referred to the new United States as 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both' (ie. neither a single large unitary state nor a league/confederation among several small states, but a hybrid of the two). In the course of the nineteenth century the meaning of federalism would come to shift, strengthening to refer uniquely to the novel compound political form, while the meaning of confederalism would remain at a league of states. Thus, this article relates to the modern usage of the word 'federalism'.

Q1: What is the Latin word for federalism? 
A1: foedus
Q2: What was federalism and confederalism common meaning in the 18th century? 
A2: a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty.
Q3: What did James Madison referred to the new United States as? 
A3: 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

The terms asphalt and bitumen are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the carefully refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils. Outside the United States, the product is often called bitumen. Geologists often prefer the term bitumen. Common usage often refers to various forms of asphalt/bitumen as "tar", such as at the La Brea Tar Pits. Another archaic term for asphalt/bitumen is "pitch".

Q1: How are the words bitumen and asphalt frequently used?
A1: interchangeably
Q2: Where is bitumen the usual term for refined residue from crude oils?
A2: United States
Q3: What is asphalt called outside of the US?
A3: bitumen
Q4: What group likes the term bitumen instead of asphalt?
A4: Geologists
Q5: What is a naming term for asphalt?
A5: tar
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

The terms international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing began to be used from the early 1990s onwards to describe forms of policing that transcended the boundaries of the sovereign nation-state (Nadelmann, 1993), (Sheptycki, 1995). These terms refer in variable ways to practices and forms for policing that, in some sense, transcend national borders. This includes a variety of practices, but international police cooperation, criminal intelligence exchange between police agencies working in different nation-states, and police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states are the three types that have received the most scholarly attention.

Q1: When did Nadelmann write about global policing?
A1: 1993
Q2: When did Sheptycki write about global policing?
A2: 1995
Q3: What terms have been used to describe policing beyond one country?
A3: international policing, transnational policing, and/or global policing
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft.

Q1: What terms are often linked to people who illegally use or distribute content that is not their own?
A1: piracy and theft
Q2: What means the same as robbery or illegal violence at sea?
A2: piracy
Q3: What kind of property is copyright used for?
A3: intellectual property
Q4: What is the difference between robbery and piracy?
A4: related only to tangible property
Q5: In the 1980's, the Supreme Court ruled that infringement does not equal what?
A5: theft
Title: Letter_case
Topic: Language and literature

The terms upper case and lower case can be written as two consecutive words, connected with a hyphen (upper-case and lower-case), or as a single word (uppercase and lowercase). These terms originated from the common layouts of the shallow drawers called type cases used to hold the movable type for letterpress printing. Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate case that was located above the case that held the small letters, and the name proved easy to remember since capital letters are taller.

Q1: The terms uppercase and lowercase originated from the common layout which type of drawers?
A1: shallow
Q2: Besides being a single word or two separate words, how can the words uppercase and lowercase be expressed?
A2: hyphen
Q3: In relation to the shelf the small letters were located, where were the capital letters?
A3: located above
Q4: Which characteristic of capital letters made it easy to remember.
A4: taller
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

The terms used to define Greekness have varied throughout history but were never limited or completely identified with membership to a Greek state. By Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek. Byzantine Greeks called themselves Romioi and considered themselves the political heirs of Rome, but at least by the 12th century a growing number of those educated, deemed themselves the heirs of ancient Greece as well, although for most of the Greek speakers, "Hellene" still meant pagan. On the eve of the Fall of Constantinople the Last Emperor urged his soldiers to remember that they were the descendants of Greeks and Romans.

Q1: What do Westerners believe it means to belong to the Greek heritage ? 
A1: Western standards, the term Greeks has traditionally referred to any native speakers of the Greek language, whether Mycenaean, Byzantine or modern Greek.
Q2: What do the Grecian Romioi  descendants of the Constantine rule  believe to be true in regards to the status as beneficiaries ?
A2: considered themselves the political heirs of Rome
Q3: What other cultures do the Romioi  clam to be their birthright ?
A3: deemed themselves the heirs of ancient Greece as well
Q4: What is an alternative word used by Greeks to mean those who worship and alternative religion to the mainstreams ?
A4: Hellene" still meant pagan
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, was created by division of Westchester; in turn, in 1855, the town of Morrisania was created from West Farms. In 1873, the town of Kingsbridge (roughly corresponding to the modern Bronx neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Riverdale, and Woodlawn) was established within the former borders of Yonkers.

Q1: How many counties did New York originally have?
A1: 12
Q2: Parts of which towns became part of the Bronx?
A2: Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham
Q3: When was West Farms created?
A3: 1846
Q4: When was Morrisania created?
A4: 1855
Q5: When was the town of Kingsbridge created?
A5: 1873
Title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Topic: History

The territory of modern-day Mexico was home to numerous indigenous civilizations prior to the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores: The Olmecs, who flourished from between 1200 BCE to about 400 BCE in the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico; the Zapotecs and the Mixtecs, who held sway in the mountains of Oaxaca and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; the Maya in the Yucatan (and into neighbouring areas of contemporary Central America); the Purépecha in present-day Michoacán and surrounding areas, and the Aztecs/Mexica, who, from their central capital at Tenochtitlan, dominated much of the centre and south of the country (and the non-Aztec inhabitants of those areas) when Hernán Cortés first landed at Veracruz.

Q1: What was Mexico home to prior to the arrival of the Spaniards?
A1: indigenous civilizations
Q2: When did the Olmecs flourish?
A2: from between 1200 BCE to about 400 BCE
Q3: Who held sway in the mountains of Oaxaca?
A3: the Zapotecs and the Mixtecs
Q4: Who lived in the Yucatan?
A4: the Maya
Q5: Where was the Aztec's central capital located?
A5: Tenochtitlan
Title: Tajikistan
Topic: Geography and places

The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.

Q1: What was the territory of Tajikistan during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age?
A1: city of Sarazm
Q2: What other culutres has ruled the area?
A2: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Q3: What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?
A3: Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire
Q4: When did Tajikistan become an independent nation?
A4: 1991
Q5: What years did the civil war take place?
A5: 1992 to 1997
Q6: What were some of the different kindoms and people that called Tajikistan home?
A6: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Q7: What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane?
A7: the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire
Q8: What year did Tajikistan become an independant nation?
A8: 1991
Q9: What years did the war last through?
A9: 1992 to 1997
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

The test game was played in Rockford, Illinois, at the Rockford MetroCentre. Sponsors were secured, and players and coaches from local colleges were recruited to volunteer to play for the teams, the Chicago Politicians and Rockford Metros, with the guarantee of a tryout should the league take off. Interest was high enough following the initial test game that Foster decided to put on a second, "showcase", game. The second game was held on February 26, 1987 at the Rosemont Horizon in Chicago with a budget of $20,000, up from $4,000 in the test game. Foster also invited ESPN to send a film crew to the game; a highlights package aired on SportsCenter.

Q1: In what city and state did the arena football test game take place?
A1: Rockford, Illinois
Q2: At what venue did the test game occur?
A2: Rockford MetroCentre
Q3: Along with the Rockford Metros, what was the name of the other team that played in the test game?
A3: Chicago Politicians
Q4: On what date did the second test game take place?
A4: February 26, 1987
Q5: The second test game was played in what arena?
A5: Rosemont Horizon
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

The textile-making communities in Somalia are a continuation of an ancient textile industry, as is the culture of wood carving, pottery and monumental architecture that dominates Somali interiors and landscapes. The cultural diffusion of Somali commercial enterprise can be detected in its cuisine, which contains Southeast Asian influences. Due to the Somali people's passionate love for and facility with poetry, Somalia has often been referred to by scholars as a "Nation of Poets" and a "Nation of Bards" including, among others, the Canadian novelist Margaret Laurence.

Q1: Somali food contains influences from what region?
A1: Southeast Asian
Q2: Along with textiles, wood carving and pottery, what ancient cultural activity still dominates Somalia today?
A2: monumental architecture
Q3: Who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"?
A3: Margaret Laurence
Q4: Of what nationality is the person who called Somalia a "Nation of Bards"?
A4: Canadian
Q5: What is the profession of the individual who referred to Somalia as a "Nation of Bards"?
A5: novelist
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

The textual critic's ultimate objective is the production of a "critical edition".[citation needed] This contains the text that the author has determined most closely approximates the original, and is accompanied by an apparatus criticus or critical apparatus. The critical apparatus presents the author's work in three parts: first, a list or description of the evidence that the editor used (names of manuscripts, or abbreviations called sigla); second, the editor's analysis of that evidence (sometimes a simple likelihood rating),[citation needed]; and third, a record of rejected variants of the text (often in order of preference).[citation needed]

Q1: What is included in or accompanies in "critical edition"?
A1: apparatus criticus or critical apparatus
Q2: What is the purpose of the critical apparatus?
A2: presents the author's work in three parts
Q3: What is the goal of the textual critic?
A3: a "critical edition"
Q4: A critical edition of a text is accompanied by what?
A4: apparatus criticus or critical apparatus.
Q5: What is included in the first part of the critical apparatus?
A5: a list or description of the evidence that the editor used (names of manuscripts, or abbreviations called sigla)
Q6: What is included in the second part of the critical apparatus?
A6: the editor's analysis of that evidence (sometimes a simple likelihood rating)
Q7: What is included in the final part of the critical apparatus?
A7: a record of rejected variants of the text (often in order of preference)
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

The thalidomide tragedy resurrected Kefauver's bill to enhance drug regulation that had stalled in Congress, and the Kefauver-Harris Amendment became law on 10 October 1962. Manufacturers henceforth had to prove to FDA that their drugs were effective as well as safe before they could go on the US market. The FDA received authority to regulate advertising of prescription drugs and to establish good manufacturing practices. The law required that all drugs introduced between 1938 and 1962 had to be effective. An FDA - National Academy of Sciences collaborative study showed that nearly 40 percent of these products were not effective. A similarly comprehensive study of over-the-counter products began ten years later.

Q1: When did the Kefauver-Harris Amendment become a law?
A1: 10 October 1962
Q2: What did this new law require?
A2: all drugs introduced between 1938 and 1962 had to be effective
Q3: What did the National Academy of Science's study discover?
A3: nearly 40 percent of these products were not effective
Q4: How long after the National Academy of Science's study did a study on over the counter drugs occur?
A4: ten years later
Q5: What brought up enhancement of drug regulations?
A5: The thalidomide tragedy
Q6: When did the Kefauver-Harris Amendment became law?
A6: 10 October 1962
Q7: What federal agency regulated the advertising of prescription drugs?
A7: FDA
Q8: Drugs made between which years had to be tested before going to market?
A8: 1938 and 1962
Q9: What percentage of drugs were shown to be ineffective after an FDA study?
A9: 40 percent
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as well. For example, Atticus must shoot a rabid dog, even though it is not his job to do so. Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog, must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens. He is also alone when he faces a group intending to lynch Tom Robinson and once more in the courthouse during Tom's trial. Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes. Jones writes, "[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson .... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger."

Q1: Atticus is tasked with killing what animal in the novel?
A1: a rabid dog
Q2: What is Atticus shooting the rabid dog symbolic of?
A2: fight against the town's racism
Title: Planck_constant
Topic: Mathematics

The theoretical difficulties arise from the fact that all of the methods except the X-ray crystal density method rely on the theoretical basis of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect. If these theories are slightly inaccurate – though there is no evidence at present to suggest they are – the methods would not give accurate values for the Planck constant. More importantly, the values of the Planck constant obtained in this way cannot be used as tests of the theories without falling into a circular argument. Fortunately, there are other statistical ways of testing the theories, and the theories have yet to be refuted.

Q1: Other than the X-ray crystal density method, other methods rely on what two effects?
A1: the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect
Q2: Why does relying on these effects create concern?
A2: If these theories are slightly inaccurate
Q3: Using Planck constant values from these effects would lead to what logical issue?
A3: a circular argument
Q4: What is the saving grace of relying on these theories?
A4: there are other statistical ways of testing the theories, and the theories have yet to be refuted.
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis, a term introduced by Julian Huxley. Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection with the definition: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency.":24 In this view, the molecular gene transcribes as a unit, and the evolutionary gene inherits as a unit. Related ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution were popularized by Richard Dawkins.

Q1: In what time span were the theories to integrate molecular genetic with Darwinian evolution developed?
A1: the 1930s and 1940s
Q2: What are the theories that integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution called?
A2: the modern evolutionary synthesis
Q3: Who proposed an evolutionary concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?
A3: George C. Williams
Q4: What is the definition of the concept of the gene as a unit of natural selection?
A4: "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency."
Q5: Who popularized ideas emphasizing the centrality of genes in evolution?
A5: Richard Dawkins
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

The theories surrounding equal temperament began to be put in wider practice, especially as it enabled a wider range of chromatic possibilities in hard-to-tune keyboard instruments. Although Bach did not use equal temperament, as a modern piano is generally tuned, changes in the temperaments from the meantone system, common at the time, to various temperaments that made modulation between all keys musically acceptable, made possible Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier.

Q1: What theories began to be put in wider practice?
A1: equal temperament
Q2: What does equal temperament enabled in hard to tune keyboard instruments?
A2: a wider range of chromatic possibilities
Q3: What did Bach not use?
A3: equal temperament
Q4: A modern piano is generally what?
A4: tuned
Q5: What system of temperaments was common during Bach's time?
A5: meantone
Title: Time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., a light-year is a measure of distance, and a meter is now defined in terms of how far light travels in a certain amount of time. Two events in Minkowski spacetime are separated by an invariant interval, which can be either space-like, light-like, or time-like. Events that have a time-like separation cannot be simultaneous in any frame of reference, there must be a temporal component (and possibly a spatial one) to their separation. Events that have a space-like separation will be simultaneous in some frame of reference, and there is no frame of reference in which they do not have a spatial separation. Different observers may calculate different distances and different time intervals between two events, but the invariant interval between the events is independent of the observer (and his velocity).

Q1: Minkowski spacetime combines the three dimensions of space with what?
A1: a single dimension of time
Q2: In Minkowski spacetime, how can distances in space be measured?
A2: by how long light takes to travel that distance
Q3: What are two events in Minkowski spacetime separated by?
A3: by an invariant interval
Q4: The invariant interval between events is independent of what?
A4: of the observer (and his velocity)
Q5: The invariant interval that separates two events in Minkowski spacetime can either be what?
A5: space-like, light-like, or time-like
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

The theory that race is merely a social construct has been challenged by the findings of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine, published in the American Journal of Human Genetics as "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies". One of the researchers, Neil Risch, noted: "we looked at the correlation between genetic structure [based on microsatellite markers] versus self-description, we found 99.9% concordance between the two. We actually had a higher discordance rate between self-reported sex and markers on the X chromosome! So you could argue that sex is also a problematic category. And there are differences between sex and gender; self-identification may not be correlated with biology perfectly. And there is sexism."

Q1: Researchers from which university challenged the theory of race being only a social construct?
A1: Stanford
Q2: Where was the challenge to the theory of racing being a social construct published?
A2: the American Journal of Human Genetics
Q3: Neil Risch found a 99.9% agree between genetic structure and people's description of their what?
A3: self
Q4: What is a problematic category in addition to race?
A4: sex
Q5: What may self-identification not correlate with precisely?
A5: biology
Title: Transistor
Topic: Engineering and technology

The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode. Lilienfeld also filed identical patents in the United States in 1926 and 1928. However, Lilienfeld did not publish any research articles about his devices nor did his patents cite any specific examples of a working prototype. Because the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away, Lilienfeld's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s, even if such a device had been built. In 1934, German inventor Oskar Heil patented a similar device.

Q1: When was the thermionic triode invented?
A1: 1907
Q2: What was the purpose of the thermionic triode?
A2: amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony
Q3: Who filed a patent for the field-effect transistor?
A3: Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
Q4: Where did Lilienfeld file his patent?
A4: Canada
Q5: What year did Lilienfeld file his patent?
A5: 1925
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick.

Q1: What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper?
A1: caliper
Q2: In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness?
A2: thousandths of an inch
Q3: Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit?
A3: mm
Q4: Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness?
A4: 0.0028 and 0.0071 in
Title: Digimon
Topic: Video games

The third Digimon series, which began airing on April 1, 2001, is set largely in a "real world" where the Adventure and Adventure 02 series are television shows, and where Digimon game merchandise (based on actual items) become key to providing power boosts to real Digimon which appear in that world. The plot revolves around three Tamers, Takato Matsuki, Rika Nonaka, and Henry Wong. It began with Takato creating his own Digimon partner by sliding a mysterious blue card through his card reader, which then became a D-Power. Guilmon takes form from Takato's sketchings of a new Digimon. (Tamers’ only human connection to the Adventure series is Ryo Akiyama, a character featured in some of the Digimon video games and who made an appearance in some occasions of the Adventure story-line.) Some of the changes in this series include the way the Digimon digivolve with the introduction of Biomerge-Digivolution and the way their "Digivices" work. In this series, the Tamers can slide game cards through their "Digivices" and give their Digimon partners certain advantages, as in the card game. This act is called "Digi-Modify" (Card Slash in the Japanese version). The same process was often used to Digivolve the Digimon, but as usual, emotions play a big part in the digivolving process. Unlike the two seasons before it and most of the seasons that followed, Digimon Tamers takes a darker and more realistic approach to its story featuring Digimon who do not reincarnate after their deaths and more complex character development in the original Japanese. The anime has become controversial over the decade, with debates about how appropriate this show actually is for its "target" audience, especially due to the Lovecraftian nature of the last arc. The English dub is more lighthearted dialogue-wise, though still not as much as previous series.

Q1: When did the third Digimon series begin?
A1: April 1, 2001
Q2: What can tamers do in order to give their partners advantages?
A2: slide game cards through their "Digivices
Q3: What is the act called of giving partners advantages in Digimon?
A3: Digi-Modify