LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Northwestern_University
Topic: History

The Feinberg School of Medicine (previously the Northwestern University Medical School) has produced a number of notable graduates, including Mary Harris Thompson, Class of 1870, ad eundem, first female surgeon in Chicago, first female surgeon at Cook County Hospital, and founder of the Mary Thomson Hospital, Roswell Park, Class of 1876, prominent surgeon for whom the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, New York, is named, Daniel Hale Williams, Class of 1883, performed the first successful American open heart surgery; only black charter member of the American College of Surgeons, Charles Horace Mayo, Class of 1888, co-founder of Mayo Clinic, Carlos Montezuma, Class of 1889, one of the first Native Americans to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree from any school, and founder of the Society of American Indians, Howard T. Ricketts, Class of 1897, who discovered bacteria of the genus Rickettsia, and identified the cause and methods of transmission of rocky mountain spotted fever, Allen B. Kanavel, Class of 1899, founder, regent, and president of the American College of Surgeons, internationally recognized as founder of modern hand and peripheral nerve surgery, Robert F. Furchgott, Class of 1940, received a Lasker Award in 1996 and the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his co-discovery of nitric oxide, Thomas E. Starzl, Class of 1952, performed the first successful liver transplant in 1967 and received the National Medal of Science in 2004 and a Lasker Award in 2012, Joseph P. Kerwin, first physician in space, flew on three skylab missions and later served as director of Space and Life Sciences at NASA, C. Richard Schlegel, Class of 1972, developed the dominant patent for a vaccine against human papillomavirus (administered as Gardasil) to prevent cervical cancer, David J. Skorton, Class of 1974, a noted cardiologist became president of Cornell University in 2006, and Andrew E. Senyei, Class of 1979, inventor, venture capitalist, and entrepreneur, founder of biotech and genetics companies, and a university trustee.

Q1: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the Roswell Park Cancer Institute named after?
A1: Mary Harris Thompson
Q2: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine performed the first successful American open heart surgery?
A2: Daniel Hale Williams
Q3: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine co-founded the Mayo Clinic?
A3: Charles Horace Mayo
Q4: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine founded the American College of Surgeons?
A4: Allen B. Kanavel
Q5: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the first physician in space?
A5: Joseph P. Kerwin
Title: Richard_Feynman
Topic: Mathematics

The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, colleagues of Feynman, edited and illustrated them into book form. The work has endured and is useful to this day. They were edited and supplemented in 2005 with "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics" by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton (Robert Leighton's son), with support from Kip Thorne and other physicists.

Q1: Where do the Feynman Lectures on Physics pull information from?
A1: compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64
Q2: Once the popularity on the lectures grew, who began to attend?
A2: professional physicists and graduate students
Q3: Which two of Feynman's colleagues helped put the lectures into book format?
A3: Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands
Q4: Which addendum was added to the Lectures book in 2005?
A4: "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics
Q5: Who wrote the supplemental material added to the Lectures book in 2005?
A5: Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany. Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc. Molotov's reassurances to the Germans, and the Germans' mistrust, intensified. On June 16, as the Soviets invaded Lithuania, but before they had invaded Latvia and Estonia, Ribbentrop instructed his staff "to submit a report as soon as possible as to whether in the Baltic States a tendency to seek support from the Reich can be observed or whether an attempt was made to form a bloc."

Q1: Who wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?
A1: Ribbentrop
Q2: Why did the Germans distrust the soviet agenda?
A2: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant
Q3: What caused distrust between the German and Soviet governments?
A3: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The First Great Awakening was an evangelical and revitalization movement that swept through Protestant Europe and British America, especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism. It resulted from powerful preaching that gave listeners a sense of deep personal revelation of their need of salvation by Jesus Christ. Pulling away from ritual, ceremony, sacramentalism and hierarchy, it made Christianity intensely personal to the average person by fostering a deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, and by encouraging introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal morality.

Q1: What movement occurred during the 1730's and 1740's?
A1: The First Great Awakening
Q2: What movement made a permanent mark on Protestantism in the U.S.?
A2: The First Great Awakening
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

The First Intermediate Period ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years. Stronger Nile floods and stabilisation of government, however, brought back renewed prosperity for the country in the Middle Kingdom c. 2040 BC, reaching a peak during the reign of Pharaoh Amenemhat III. A second period of disunity heralded the arrival of the first foreign ruling dynasty in Egypt, that of the Semitic Hyksos. The Hyksos invaders took over much of Lower Egypt around 1650 BC and founded a new capital at Avaris. They were driven out by an Upper Egyptian force led by Ahmose I, who founded the Eighteenth Dynasty and relocated the capital from Memphis to Thebes.

Q1: How long was the upheval of the first Intermediate period?
A1: 150 years
Q2: In 1650 BC Lower Egypt was control by what invaders?
A2: Hyksos
Q3: What new capital was founded in 1650, lower Egypt?
A3: Avaris
Q4: What was the first foreign ruling dynasty of Egypt?
A4: Semitic Hyksos
Title: Israel
Topic: History

The First Intifada, a Palestinian uprising against Israeli rule, broke out in 1987, with waves of uncoordinated demonstrations and violence occurring in the occupied West Bank and Gaza. Over the following six years, the Intifada became more organised and included economic and cultural measures aimed at disrupting the Israeli occupation. More than a thousand people were killed in the violence. During the 1991 Gulf War, the PLO supported Saddam Hussein and Iraqi Scud missile attacks against Israel. Despite public outrage, Israel heeded US calls to refrain from hitting back and did not participate in that war.

Q1: When did the First Intifada break out?
A1: 1987
Q2: How many people were killed in the violence?
A2: More than a thousand people
Q3: PLO supported who during the Gulf War?
A3: Saddam Hussein
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

The First Opium War revealed the outdated state of the Chinese military. The Qing navy, composed entirely of wooden sailing junks, was severely outclassed by the modern tactics and firepower of the British Royal Navy. British soldiers, using advanced muskets and artillery, easily outmaneuvered and outgunned Qing forces in ground battles. The Qing surrender in 1842 marked a decisive, humiliating blow to China. The Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the unequal treaties, demanded war reparations, forced China to open up the five ports of Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai to western trade and missionaries, and to cede Hong Kong Island to Britain. It revealed many inadequacies in the Qing government and provoked widespread rebellions against the already hugely unpopular regime.

Q1: Who fought the Qing in the First Opium War?
A1: British
Q2: When did the Qing surrender to the British?
A2: 1842
Q3: What treaty marked the end of the First Opium War?
A3: Treaty of Nanjing,
Q4: What 5 ports did the treaty force open?
A4: Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai
Q5: What island was given to the British?
A5: Hong Kong Island
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final Armistice in 1918. The Allied Powers, led by the British Empire, France, Russia until March 1918, Japan and the United States after 1917, defeated the Central Powers, led by the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The war caused the disintegration of four empires—the Austro-Hungarian, German, Ottoman, and Russian ones—as well as radical change in the European and West Asian maps. The Allied powers before 1917 are referred to as the Triple Entente, and the Central Powers are referred to as the Triple Alliance.

Q1: When did the first World War begin? 
A1: 1914
Q2: Who led the Allied powers?
A2: British Empire, France, Russia
Q3: Who defeated the Central Powers led by the German Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire??
A3: Japan and the United States
Q4: What were the Allied powers referred to before 1917?
A4: Triple Entente
Q5: How many Empires did the war cause destruction to?
A5: four empires
Title: Pub
Topic: History

The Fitzroy Tavern is a pub situated at 16 Charlotte Street in the Fitzrovia district, to which it gives its name. It became famous (or according to others, infamous) during a period spanning the 1920s to the mid-1950s as a meeting place for many of London's artists, intellectuals and bohemians such as Dylan Thomas, Augustus John, and George Orwell. Several establishments in Soho, London, have associations with well-known, post-war literary and artistic figures, including the Pillars of Hercules, The Colony Room and the Coach and Horses. The Canonbury Tavern, Canonbury, was the prototype for Orwell's ideal English pub, The Moon Under Water.

Q1: What is the street address of The Fitzroy Tavern?
A1: 16 Charlotte Street
Q2: In what district of London is The Fitzroy Tavern located?
A2: Fitzrovia
Q3: In what district of London is Pillars of Hercules located?
A3: Soho
Q4: What real-life pub provided the model for Orwell's The Moon Under Water?
A4: The Canonbury Tavern
Q5: In what district of London is The Canonbury Tavern located?
A5: Canonbury
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of the outward state of Holland, so love, peace and liberty, extending to all in Christ Jesus, condemns hatred, war and bondage." The document was signed December 27, 1657 by a group of English citizens in America who were affronted by persecution of Quakers and the religious policies of the Governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant. Stuyvesant had formally banned all religions other than the Dutch Reformed Church from being practiced in the colony, in accordance with the laws of the Dutch Republic. The signers indicated their "desire therefore in this case not to judge lest we be judged, neither to condemn least we be condemned, but rather let every man stand or fall to his own Master." Stuyvesant fined the petitioners and threw them in prison until they recanted. However, John Bowne allowed the Quakers to meet in his home. Bowne was arrested, jailed, and sent to the Netherlands for trial; the Dutch court exonerated Bowne.

Q1: What shows support for the separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century?
A1: The Flushing Remonstrance
Q2: What were the Remonstrance opposed to?
A2: religious persecution of any sort
Q3: When did a group of English citizens sign a document condemning hatred, war and bondage?
A3: December 27, 1657
Q4: Who were the signers of the document affronted by the persecution of?
A4: Quakers
Q5: What had Peter Stuyvesant formally banned all of other than the Dutch Reformed Church?
A5: religions
Title: Exhibition_game
Topic: Sports and recreation

The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.

Q1: What nationality is the Flying Fathers team?
A1: Canadian
Q2: What religion is the Flying Fathers team?
A2: Catholic
Q3: Who founded the Flying Fathers?
A3: Les Costello
Q4: What league were most members of the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team from?
A4: NHL
Q5: Where are the Saores based?
A5: Buffalo
Title: Premier_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league. The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999. The former chairman and chief executive, John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance. The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.

Q1: How many votes does each Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) club have on issues?
A1: Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts.
Q2: Who is the chairman of the FAPL and when was he appointed?
A2: The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 199
Q3: Why did John Quinton and Peter Leaver resign as chairman and chief excutive?
A3: John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.
Q4: Does the Football Association say about the management of the Premier League?
A4: has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.
Q5: Who owns the Football Association Premier League?
A5: member clubs
Q6: How many votes do the member clubs of the Premier League have each?
A6: one
Q7: What do the people each club elect oversee?
A7: the daily operations of the league
Q8: Who is the current chairman of the Premier League?
A8: Sir Dave Richards
Q9: Who is the current CEO of the Premier League?
A9: Richard Scudamore
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

The Football League was founded in 1888, 16 years after the first FA Cup competition. Since the creation of The Football League, Tottenham Hotspur is the only non-league "giant-killer" to win the Cup, taking the 1901 FA Cup with a victory over reigning league runners-up Sheffield United: although at that time, there were only two divisions and 36 clubs in the Football League, and Spurs were champions of the next lowest football tier - the Southern League and probably already good enough for the First Division (as was shown when they joined the Second Division in 1908 and immediately won promotion to the First.) Only two other actual non-League clubs have even reached the final since the founding of the League: Sheffield Wednesday in 1890 (champions of the Football Alliance, a rival league which was already effectively the Second Division, which it formally became in 1892 – Wednesday being let straight into the First Division), and Southampton in 1900 and 1902 (in which years they were also Southern League champions, proving the strength of that league: again, they were probably of equivalent standard to a First Division club at the time, but Southampton's form subsequently faded and they did not join the League till 1920 and the formation of the Third Division.)

Q1: When was the football league founded? 
A1: The Football League was founded in 1888
Q2: Who is the only non league giant killer to win a cup?
A2: Tottenham Hotspur is the only non-league "giant-killer" to win the Cup
Q3: What year did they win the cup? 
A3: 1901
Q4: Who did they delete for the cup? 
A4: Sheffield United
Q5: How many clubs where in the football league? 
A5: 36 clubs in the Football League
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

The Forbes 400 survey estimated in 2004 that Teresa Heinz Kerry had a net worth of $750 million. However, estimates have frequently varied, ranging from around $165 million to as high as $3.2 billion, according to a study in the Los Angeles Times. Regardless of which figure is correct, Kerry was the wealthiest U.S. Senator while serving in the Senate. Independent of Heinz, Kerry is wealthy in his own right, and is the beneficiary of at least four trusts inherited from Forbes family relatives, including his mother, Rosemary Forbes Kerry, who died in 2002. Forbes magazine (named for the Forbes family of publishers, unrelated to Kerry) estimated that if elected, and if Heinz family assets were included, Kerry would have been the third-richest U.S. President in history, when adjusted for inflation. This assessment was based on Heinz and Kerry's combined assets, but the couple signed a prenuptial agreement that keeps their assets separate. Kerry's financial disclosure form for 2011 put his personal assets in the range of $230,000,000 to $320,000,000, including the assets of his spouse and any dependent children. This included slightly more than three million dollars worth of H. J. Heinz Company assets, which increased in value by over six hundred thousand dollars in 2013 when Berkshire Hathaway announced their intention to purchase the company.

Q1: What was Teresa Heinz Kerry's net worth in 2004 according to Forbes?
A1: $750 million
Q2: What range of estimates have been given for Teresa Heinz Kerry's net worth?
A2: from around $165 million to as high as $3.2 billion
Q3: What was Kerry's mother's name?
A3: Rosemary Forbes Kerry
Q4: When did Kerry's mother pass away?
A4: 2002
Q5: Where would Kerry have ranked among richest US presidents, adjusted for inflation?
A5: third-richest
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the Atlantic.

Q1: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognizes what?
A1: a Middle East and North Africa region
Q2: What region does the Foreign and Commonwealth office of United Kingdom not recognize?
A2: Near East
Q3: What consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea?
A3: Their original Middle East
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states. While it has not been fully implemented, the doctrine of incorporation has been used to ensure, through the Due Process Clause and Privileges and Immunities Clause, the application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states.

Q1: When was the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution created?
A1: post-Civil War
Q2: What was the intent of the 14th Amendment?
A2: secure rights for former slaves
Q3: What clauses does the 14th Amendment include?
A3: due process and equal protection clauses
Q4: What does the 14th Amendment also introduce the concept of?
A4: incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states
Q5: What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to ensure?
A5: application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck planned to provoke a French attack in order to draw the southern German states—Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt—into an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded.

Q1: What is the Franco-Prussian War also known as?
A1: Franco-German War
Q2: What was the war often referred to in France as?
A2: the War of 1870
Q3: In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation?
A3: the Kingdom of Prussia
Q4: Whose ambitions are credited with causing the conflict?
A4: Prussian ambitions
Q5: Which Prussian chancellor's motives in the conflict are still disputed?
A5: Otto von Bismarck
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia, while Prussia was backed up by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. It also marked the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the Second French Empire, which was replaced by the Third Republic. As part of the settlement, almost all of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine was taken by Prussia to become a part of Germany, which it would retain until the end of World War I.

Q1: What countries were involved in the Franco-Russian war?
A1: France and Prussia
Q2: Name one of the groups who backed Prussia in the Franco-Russian war?
A2: North German Confederation
Q3: What did the Prussian and German victory mark?
A3: final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia.
Q4: Prussia claimed almost all of what territory?
A4: Alsace-Lorraine
Q5: Prussia retained most of Alsace-Lorraine up until what event?
A5: World War I.
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The Frankish kingdom in northern Gaul split into kingdoms called Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy during the 6th and 7th centuries, all of them ruled by the Merovingian dynasty, who were descended from Clovis. The 7th century was a tumultuous period of wars between Austrasia and Neustria. Such warfare was exploited by Pippin (d. 640), the Mayor of the Palace for Austrasia who became the power behind the Austrasian throne. Later members of his family inherited the office, acting as advisers and regents. One of his descendants, Charles Martel (d. 741), won the Battle of Poitiers in 732, halting the advance of Muslim armies across the Pyrenees.[K] Great Britain was divided into small states dominated by the kingdoms of Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, and East Anglia, which were descended from the Anglo-Saxon invaders. Smaller kingdoms in present-day Wales and Scotland were still under the control of the native Britons and Picts. Ireland was divided into even smaller political units, usually known as tribal kingdoms, under the control of kings. There were perhaps as many as 150 local kings in Ireland, of varying importance.

Q1: Along with Austrasia and Neustria, what kingdom was originally part of the Frankish kingdom?
A1: Burgundy
Q2: What dynasty ruled Neustria?
A2: Merovingian
Q3: From whom did the rulers of the Merovingian dynasty trace their ancestry?
A3: Clovis
Q4: What was the title of Pippin?
A4: Mayor of the Palace
Q5: What leader was victorious at the Battle of Poitiers?
A5: Charles Martel
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

The Free Officers' intention was not to install themselves in government, but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy. Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a lieutenant colonel) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in name. The revolution they had long sought was launched on 22 July and was declared a success the next day. The Free Officers seized control of all government buildings, radio stations, and police stations, as well as army headquarters in Cairo. While many of the rebel officers were leading their units, Nasser donned civilian clothing to avoid detection by royalists and moved around Cairo monitoring the situation. In a move to stave off foreign intervention two days before the revolution, Nasser had notified the American and British governments of his intentions, and both had agreed not to aid Farouk. Under pressure from the Americans, Nasser had agreed to exile the deposed king with an honorary ceremony.

Q1: What type of government did the Free Officer's want to establish?
A1: parliamentary democracy
Q2: Who did Nasser choose to lead his coup?
A2: General Naguib
Q3: What was teh fate of King Farouk after the coup?
A3: exile
Q4: What did Nasser wear during the coup?
A4: civilian clothing
Q5: What day did the revolution begin?
A5: 22 July
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

The Freeview HD service currently contains 10 HD channels (as of December 2013[update]) and was rolled out region by region across the UK in accordance with the digital switchover process, finally being completed in October 2012. However, Freeview HD is not the first HDTV service over digital terrestrial television in Europe;

Q1: How many HD channels did the Freeview HD service contain as of December 2013?
A1: 10
Q2: When was the digital switchover process completed in the UK?
A2: October 2012
Q3: Which service contains 10 HD channels and finished its roll out in October 2012?
A3: Freeview HD
Q4: How was the Freeview HD service rolled out in the UK?
A4: region by region
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

The French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Franco-Austrian War in Italy, and in the Franco-Mexican War. However, following the "Seven Weeks War" between Prussia and Austria four years earlier, it had been calculated that the French Army could field only 288,000 men to face the Prussian Army when perhaps 1,000,000 would be required. Under Marshal Adolphe Niel, urgent reforms were made. Universal conscription (rather than by ballot, as previously) and a shorter period of service gave increased numbers of reservists, who would swell the army to a planned strength of 800,000 on mobilisation. Those who for any reason were not conscripted were to be enrolled in the Garde Mobile, a militia with a nominal strength of 400,000. However, the Franco-Prussian War broke out before these reforms could be completely implemented. The mobilisation of reservists was chaotic and resulted in large numbers of stragglers, while the Garde Mobile were generally untrained and often mutinous.

Q1: In peacetime, what the approximate number of French soldiers?
A1: 400,000
Q2: Veterans of the French Army had prviously fought in which war in Italy?
A2: the Franco-Austrian War
Q3: The "Seven Weeks War" was between which two countries?
A3: Prussia and Austria
Q4: Who reformed the low numbers of troops by implementing universal conscription?
A4: Marshal Adolphe Niel
Q5: If a citizen was for some reason not conscripted, in what militia were they were registered?
A5: the Garde Mobile
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

The French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the Siege of Metz and at the Battle of Sedan, led naval officers to be sent from their ships to command hastily assembled reservists of the Garde Mobile. As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and in September 1870 the French navy abandoned the blockade for the winter. The rest of the navy retired to ports along the English Channel and remained in port for the rest of the war.

Q1: The French Marines and naval infantry were dispatched to reinforce what?
A1: French Army of Châlons
Q2: The French navy fell captive where?
A2: at Sedan
Q3: Who also was captured at Sedan?
A3: Napoleon III
Q4: The autumn storms of what sea forced the return of yet more French ships?
A4: the North Sea
Q5: On which rough date did the French navy abandon their blockade?
A5: September 1870
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

The French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd (1,100 m). It was developed in such secrecy, that little training with the weapon had occurred, leaving French gunners with no experience; the gun was treated like artillery and in this role it was ineffective. Worse still, once the small number of soldiers who had been trained how to use the new weapon became casualties, there were no replacements who knew how to operate the mitrailleuse.

Q1: What aspect of the Chassepot was superior to the German needle gun?
A1: longer range
Q2: What French weapon was considered a rough prototype of the first machine gun? 
A2: the mitrailleuse
Q3: How many barrels did the mitrailleuse feature?
A3: thirty-seven barrels
Q4: What was the range of the mitrailleuse?
A4: 1,200 yd (1,100 m)
Q5: Treating the mitrailleuse like what rendered it far less effective
A5: artillery
Title: Materialism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-French Paul-Henri Thiry Baron d'Holbach (1723-1789), the Encyclopedist Denis Diderot (1713-1784), and other French Enlightenment thinkers; as well as (in England) John "Walking" Stewart (1747-1822), whose insistence in seeing matter as endowed with a moral dimension had a major impact on the philosophical poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1850).

Q1: Pierre Gassendi lived from what year to what year?
A1: 1592-1665
Q2: René Descartes lived from what year to what year?
A2: 1596-1650
Q3: abbé Jean Meslier lived from what year to what year?
A3: 1664-1729
Q4: Denis Diderot lived from what year to what year?
A4: 1713-1784
Q5: William Wordsworth lived from what year to what year?
A5: 1770-1850
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The French crown's increasing dominance over the Papacy culminated in the transference of the Holy See to Avignon in 1309. When the Pope returned to Rome in 1377, this led to the election of different popes in Avignon and Rome, resulting in the Papal Schism (1378–1417). The Schism divided Europe along political lines; while France, her ally Scotland and the Spanish kingdoms supported the Avignon Papacy, France's enemy England stood behind the Pope in Rome, together with Portugal, Scandinavia and most of the German princes.

Q1: What was the result of the election of two popes at the same time?
A1: Papal Schism
Q2: Where was the Holy See transferred to in 1309?
A2: Avignon
Q3: In what year did the Pope return to Rome from Avignon?
A3: 1377
Q4: What was the time frame of the Papal Schism?
A4: 1378–1417
Q5: Who were the supporters of the Avignon Papacy?
A5: France, her ally Scotland and the Spanish kingdoms
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

The French forces tried to subdue and capture the liberal government based in Saltillo. On September 21, 1864, José María Patoni and Jesús González Ortega lost against the French forces at the Battle of Estanzuelas; the supreme government led by President Juárez was forced to evacuate the city of Saltillo and relocate to Chihuahua. Juárez stopped in Ciudad Jiménez, Valle de Allende, and Hidalgo de Parral, in turn. He decreed Parral the capital of Mexico from October 2–5, 1864. Perceiving the threat from the advancing French forces, the president continued his evacuation through Santa Rosalía de Camargo, Santa Cruz de Rosales, and finally Chihuahua, Chihuahua. On October 12, 1864, the people of the state gave President Juárez an overwhelmingly supportive reception, led by Governor Ángel Trías. On October 15, 1864 the city of Chihuahua was declared the temporary capital of Mexico.

Q1: French forces tried to capture the liberal government based where?
A1: Saltillo
Q2: Which two generals lost against the French on September 21, 1864?
A2: José María Patoni and Jesús González
Q3: The goverment led by whom was forced to evacuate Saltillo?
A3: President Juárez
Q4: Which was the last city through which Juarez evacuated?
A4: Chihuahua, Chihuahua
Q5: Which governor led the supportive reception of President Juarez?
A5: Ángel Trías
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

The French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet under Edward Boscawen at the Battle of Lagos. In the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November, the British admiral Edward Hawke with 23 ships of the line caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground, putting an end to the French plans.

Q1: Where was the planned invasion of Britain by France?
A1: near the mouth of the Loire
Q2: How did the French plan to transport their troops to Britain for the invasion?
A2: their Brest and Toulon fleets
Q3: What happened to the French Mediterranean fleet?
A3: the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet
Q4: What happened to the French Brest fleet?
A4: caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground
Q5: With the loss of the two fleets, how did the French get their troops to Britain for the invasion?
A5: putting an end to the French plans.
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

The French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire. Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that it wasted ammunition. In addition, the Prussian artillery batteries had 30% more guns than their French counterparts. The Prussian guns typically opened fire at a range of 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi), beyond the range of French artillery or the Chassepot rifle. The Prussian batteries could thus destroy French artillery with impunity, before being moved forward to directly support infantry attacks.

Q1: What type of artillery were the French equipped with?
A1: bronze, rifled muzzle-loading
Q2: What newer artillery were Prussians using?
A2: steel breech-loading guns
Q3: What did the French believe was overly wasted in artillery with a higher rate of fire?
A3: ammunition
Q4: The Prussian artillery batteries had what percentage more of guns than the French?
A4: 30% more
Q5: What was the typical range that Prussian guns could fire?
A5: 2–3 kilometres
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

The French were unaware of German numerical superiority at the beginning of the battle as the German 2nd Army did not attack all at once. Treating the oncoming attacks as merely skirmishes, Frossard did not request additional support from other units. By the time he realized what kind of a force he was opposing, it was too late. Seriously flawed communications between Frossard and those in reserve under Bazaine slowed down so much that by the time the reserves received orders to move out to Spicheren, German soldiers from the 1st and 2nd armies had charged up the heights. Because the reserves had not arrived, Frossard erroneously believed that he was in grave danger of being outflanked as German soldiers under General von Glume were spotted in Forbach. Instead of continuing to defend the heights, by the close of battle after dusk he retreated to the south. The German casualties were relatively high due to the advance and the effectiveness of the chassepot rifle. They were quite startled in the morning when they had found out that their efforts were not in vain—Frossard had abandoned his position on the heights.

Q1: What factor were the French unaware of at the start of the battle?
A1: German numerical superiority
Q2: Which French commander miscalculated the severity of the battle?
A2: Frossard
Q3: What was a key factor in Frossard's disasterous retreat to the south?
A3: Seriously flawed communications
Q4: What factor was credited to the large number of German casualties?
A4: effectiveness of the chassepot rifle
Q5: What outcome surprised the Germans the following day?
A5: Frossard had abandoned his position
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

The Fujiwara controlled the throne until the reign of Emperor Go-Sanjō (1068-1073), the first emperor not born of a Fujiwara mother since the ninth century. Go-Sanjo, determined to restore imperial control through strong personal rule, implemented reforms to curb Fujiwara influence. He also established an office to compile and validate estate records with the aim of reasserting central control. Many shōen were not properly certified, and large landholders, like the Fujiwara, felt threatened with the loss of their lands. Go-Sanjo also established the In-no-cho (ja:院庁 Office of the Cloistered Emperor), which was held by a succession of emperors who abdicated to devote themselves to behind-the-scenes governance, or insei.

Q1: Who was the first non-Fujiwara emperor since the ninth century?
A1: Go-Sanjō
Q2: Who implemented reforms to reduce the Fujiwara's influence on government?
A2: Go-Sanjō
Q3: What term was used for behind the scenes governance?
A3: insei
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

The Fujiwara rulers failed to maintain adequate police forces, which left robbers free to prey on travelers. This is implicitly illustrated in novels by the terror that night travel inspired in the main characters. The shōen system enabled the accumulation of wealth by an aristocratic elite; the economic surplus can be linked to the cultural developments of the Heian period and the "pursuit of arts". The major Buddhist temples in Heian-kyō and Nara also made use of the shōen. The establishment of branches rurally and integration of some Shinto shrines within these temple networks reflects a greater "organizational dynamism".

Q1: Buddhist temples in which two cities made use of the shoen system?
A1: Heian-kyō and Nara
Q2: Why were travelers often robbed under Fujiwara rule?
A2: The Fujiwara rulers failed to maintain adequate police forces
Q3: The integration of Shinto shrines into government branches reflected a greater what?
A3: organizational dynamism
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund
Topic: Social sciences and society

The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also represented by UNFPA Goodwill Ambassadors and a Patron.

Q1: Where does The Fund work to raise awareness and provide support?
A1: developing countries
Q2: To what does The Fund advocate that close attention be paid?
A2: population concerns
Q3: What two things does The Fund help developing nations formulate to support sustainable development?
A3: policies and strategies
Q4: Who took up leadership of The Fund in January 2011?
A4: Dr. Osotimehin
Q5: The Fund is represented by a Patron and who else?
A5: Goodwill Ambassadors
Title: Thuringia
Topic: History

The GDP of Thuringia is below the national average, in line with the other former East German Lands. Until 2004, Thuringia was one of the weakest regions within the European Union. The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth in Germany since 2005 has brought the Thuringian GDP close to the EU average since then. The high economic subsidies granted by the federal government and the EU after 1990 are being reduced gradually and will end around 2020.

Q1: Where is the GDP of Thuringia?
A1: below the national average
Q2: For how long was Thuringia one of the weakest regions in the EU?
A2: Until 2004
Q3: What has helped to improve Thuringia? 
A3: The accession of several new countries, the crisis in southern Europe and the sustained economic growth
Q4: When will government subsidies to Thuringia end?
A4: around 2020
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The GSM Association (GSMA) followed suit on 17 February 2009, and on 22 April 2009, this was further endorsed by the CTIA – The Wireless Association, with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) announcing on 22 October 2009 that it had also embraced the Universal Charging Solution as its "energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile phone solution," and added: "Based on the Micro-USB interface, UCS chargers will also include a 4-star or higher efficiency rating—up to three times more energy-efficient than an unrated charger."

Q1: When did the GSM Association follow suit?
A1: 17 February 2009
Q2: When was this further endorsed by the CTIA?
A2: 22 April 2009
Q3: UCS chargers will also include what?
A3: a 4-star or higher efficiency rating
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

The Galician road network includes autopistas and autovías connecting the major cities, as well as national and secondary roads to the rest of the municipalities. The Autovía A-6 connects A Coruña and Lugo to Madrid, entering Galicia at Pedrafita do Cebreiro. The Autovía A-52 connects O Porriño, Ourense and Benavente, and enters Galicia at A Gudiña. Two more autovías are under construction. Autovía A-8 enters Galicia on the Cantabrian coast, and ends in Baamonde (Lugo province). Autovía A-76 enters Galicia in Valdeorras; it is an upgrade of the existing N-120 to Ourense and Vigo.

Q1: Which Spanish city does the Autovía A-6 lead to?
A1: Madrid
Q2: The Autovía A-8 enters Galicia on which coast?
A2: Cantabrian
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

The Game is included in the newspaper on Mondays, and details all the weekend's football activity (Premier League and Football League Championship, League One and League Two.) The Scottish edition of The Game also includes results and analysis from Scottish Premier League games.

Q1: What sports activity is featured in The Times on Mondays?
A1: football
Q2: What kind of football game is featured in the Scottish edition of The Times?
A2: Scottish Premier League
Q3: What is the name of the section that features football on Mondays in The Times?
A3: The Game
Title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess
Topic: Video games

The GameCube and Wii versions feature several minor differences in their controls. The Wii version of the game makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote. The speaker emits the sounds of a bowstring when shooting an arrow, Midna's laugh when she gives advice to Link, and the series' trademark "chime" when discovering secrets. The player controls Link's sword by swinging the Wii Remote. Other attacks are triggered using similar gestures with the Nunchuk. Unique to the GameCube version is the ability for the player to control the camera freely, without entering a special "lookaround" mode required by the Wii; however, in the GameCube version, only two of Link's secondary weapons can be equipped at a time, as opposed to four in the Wii version.[g]

Q1: Where is the speaker located on the Wii console?
A1: Wii Remote
Q2: What sound do users here when uncovering secrets in the game?
A2: chime
Q3: What part of the Wii is employed to use weapons?
A3: Wii Remote
Q4: Aside from the sword, what is another weapon that Link can use?
A4: Nunchuk
Q5: How many weapons can be equipped by Link if playing Twilight Princess on a GameCube?
A5: two
Q6: The Wii version makes use of what kind of sensors?
A6: motion
Q7: What device on the Wii allows for sounds of a bowstring to be heard?
A7: Wii Remote
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, south of Yankee Stadium. The $500 million shopping center, which was completed in 2009, saw the construction of new buildings and two smaller buildings, one new and the other a renovation of an existing building that was part of the original market. The two main buildings are linked by a six-level garage for 2,600 cars. The center has earned itself a LEED "Silver" designation in its design.

Q1: How much land was the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market built on?
A1: 17 acres
Q2: How much did the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market cost?
A2: $500 million
Q3: How many floors does the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage have?
A3: six
Q4: How many cars can the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage hold?
A4: 2,600