LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: BBC_Television
Topic: Media and drama

David Attenborough was later granted sabbatical leave from his job as Controller to work with the BBC Natural History Unit which had existed since the 1950s. This unit is now famed throughout the world for producing high quality programmes with Attenborough such as Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet.

Q1: Which group did David Attenborough join while on sabbatical?
A1: BBC Natural History Unit
Q2: When did the BBC Natural History Unit come into existence?
A2: the 1950s
Q3: What are some shows that Attenborough created with the BBC Natural History Unit?
A3: Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Planet
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

David Jones was started by David Jones, a Welsh merchant who met Hobart businessman Charles Appleton in London. Appleton established a store in Sydney in 1825 and Jones subsequently established a partnership with Appleton, moved to Australia in 1835, and the Sydney store became known as Appleton & Jones. When the partnership was dissolved in 1838, Jones moved his business to premises on the corner of George Street and Barrack Lane, Sydney. David Jones claims to be the oldest department store in the world still trading under its original name.

Q1: What occupation did David Jones have?
A1: merchant
Q2: Where did David Jones and Charles Appleton meet? 
A2: in London
Q3: Where did Appleton begin a store in 1825?
A3: Sydney
Q4: What was the store in Sydney called after Jones moved to Australia? 
A4: Appleton & Jones
Q5: When did the partnership between Jones and Appleton end?
A5: 1838
Title: Humanism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Davies identifies Paine's The Age of Reason as "the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation": the rationalism of the 18th-century Philosophes and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Strauss and Ludwig Feuerbach. "The first is political, largely French in inspiration, and projects 'humanity as the hero of liberty'. The second is philosophical, German, seeks the totality and autonomy of knowledge, and stresses understanding rather than freedom as the key to human fulfilment and emancipation. The two themes converged and competed in complex ways in the 19th century and beyond, and between them set the boundaries of its various humanisms. Homo homini deus est ("The human being is a god to humanity" or "god is nothing [other than] the human being to himself"), Feuerbach had written.

Q1: What writing was considered a bridge between two other major writings?
A1: The Age of Reason
Q2: Which century was the first writing from?
A2: 18th-century
Q3: Who states imply that humans are their own Gods?
A3: Feuerbach
Q4: What was the origin of the second writing?
A4: German
Title: Materialism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote:

Q1: Digital physicists consider what to be more important than matter?
A1: information
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors. On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accepted the city's surrender from the mayor and group of leading citizens who remained. The Union troops eventually managed to stop the raging fires but about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed-

Q1: What was contained in warehouses that were notably burned by Confederates when evacuating Richmond?
A1: tobacco
Q2: What general received the surrender of Richmond?
A2: Godfrey Weitzel
Q3: On what day did the Confederacy surrender Richmond to the Union?
A3: April 2, 1865
Q4: By what means did Davis leave Richmond?
A4: train
Q5: What percentage of Richmond was destroyed by fire after the Confederate evacuation?
A5: 25
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Dawa Norbu argues that modern Chinese Communist historians tend to be in favor of the view that the Ming simply reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet and perpetuated their rule of Tibet in this manner. Norbu writes that, although this would have been true for the eastern Tibetan regions of Amdo and Kham's "tribute-cum-trade" relations with the Ming, it was untrue if applied to the western Tibetan regions of Ü-Tsang and Ngari. After the Phagmodrupa Changchub Gyaltsen, these were ruled by "three successive nationalistic regimes," which Norbu writes "Communist historians prefer to ignore."

Q1: Who believed the Ming reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet?
A1: Dawa Norbu
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Daylight saving has caused controversy since it began. Winston Churchill argued that it enlarges "the opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness among the millions of people who live in this country" and pundits have dubbed it "Daylight Slaving Time". Historically, retailing, sports, and tourism interests have favored daylight saving, while agricultural and evening entertainment interests have opposed it, and its initial adoption had been prompted by energy crisis and war.

Q1: What leader said daylight saving gives people more "opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness"?
A1: Winston Churchill
Q2: What nickname have people in opposition to DST given it?
A2: Daylight Slaving Time
Q3: In addition to the evening entertainment industry, people from what industry often oppose daylight saving?
A3: agricultural
Q4: Traditionally, retailing, tourism, and what other industry have been in favor of DST?
A4: sports
Q5: Along with energy crisis, what other significant historical event led to countries adopting DST?
A5: war
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time.

Q1: What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time?
A1: summer time
Q2: What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST?
A2: one hour
Q3: What do we get an extra hour of because we set the clocks forward?
A3: daylight
Q4: In what season do regions who practice DST set the clocks back one hour?
A4: autumn
Q5: By setting the clocks forward, the normal time of what daily event is disrupted?
A5: sunrise
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

Daylighting is the oldest method of interior lighting. Daylighting is simply designing a space to use as much natural light as possible. This decreases energy consumption and costs, and requires less heating and cooling from the building. Daylighting has also been proven to have positive effects on patients in hospitals as well as work and school performance. Due to a lack of information that indicate the likely energy savings, daylighting schemes are not yet popular among most buildings.

Q1: What is the oldest method of interior lighting? 
A1: Daylighting
Q2: Daylighting has been proven to have negative effects on people?
A2: not
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Days of working time in Israel are Sunday through Thursday (for a five-day workweek), or Friday (for a six-day workweek). In observance of Shabbat, in places where Friday is a work day and the majority of population is Jewish, Friday is a "short day", usually lasting till 14:00 in the winter, or 16:00 in the summer. Several proposals have been raised to adjust the work week with the majority of the world, and make Sunday a non-working day, while extending working time of other days or replacing Friday with Sunday as a work day.

Q1: What are the days of working in Israel?
A1: Sunday through Thursday
Q2: Friday is considered what?
A2: short day
Q3: Several proposals have been raised to do what?
A3: make Sunday a non-working day
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

De novo or "orphan" genes, whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes, are extremely rare. Estimates of the number of de novo genes in the human genome range from 18 to 60. Such genes are typically shorter and simpler in structure than most eukaryotic genes, with few if any introns. Two primary sources of orphan protein-coding genes are gene duplication followed by extremely rapid sequence change, such that the original relationship is undetectable by sequence comparisons, and formation through mutation of "cryptic" transcription start sites that introduce a new open reading frame in a region of the genome that did not previously code for a protein.

Q1: What is a gene whose sequence shows no similarity to existing genes called?
A1: De novo or "orphan" genes
Q2: What is the estimate of the number of orphan genes in the human genome?
A2: 18 to 60
Q3: How do the lengths of orphan genes compare to most eukaryotic genes?
A3: typically shorter
Q4: How does the structure of orphan genes compare to most eukaryotic genes?
A4: simpler in structure
Q5: What is one primary source of orphan protein-coding genes?
A5: gene duplication followed by extremely rapid sequence change
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

Debate remained limited, and major decisions regarding the economy and defence were avoided or dealt with cursorily; the GPC largely remained "a rubber stamp" for Gaddafi's policies. On rare occasions, the GPC opposed Gaddafi's suggestions, sometimes successfully; notably, when Gaddafi called on primary schools to be abolished, believing that home schooling was healthier for children, the GPC rejected the idea. In other instances, Gaddafi pushed through laws without the GPC's support, such as when he desired to allow women into the armed forces. Gaddafi proclaimed that the People's Congresses provided for Libya's every political need, rendering other political organizations unnecessary; all non-authorized groups, including political parties, professional associations, independent trade unions and women's groups, were banned.

Q1: What was the GPC accused of being vis-à-vis Gaddafi?
A1: a rubber stamp
Q2: What policy did Gaddafi propose that the GPC was against?
A2: primary schools to be abolished
Q3: What type of education did Gaddafi prefer to primary schools?
A3: home schooling
Q4: What was a policy that Gaddafi instituted without support from the GPC?
A4: allow women into the armed forces
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Deciding to give up his lucrative private Boston practice, Bell retained only two students, six-year-old "Georgie" Sanders, deaf from birth, and 15-year-old Mabel Hubbard. Each pupil would play an important role in the next developments. George's father, Thomas Sanders, a wealthy businessman, offered Bell a place to stay in nearby Salem with Georgie's grandmother, complete with a room to "experiment". Although the offer was made by George's mother and followed the year-long arrangement in 1872 where her son and his nurse had moved to quarters next to Bell's boarding house, it was clear that Mr. Sanders was backing the proposal. The arrangement was for teacher and student to continue their work together, with free room and board thrown in. Mabel was a bright, attractive girl who was ten years Bell's junior, but became the object of his affection. Having lost her hearing after a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever close to her fifth birthday,[N 13] she had learned to read lips but her father, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell's benefactor and personal friend, wanted her to work directly with her teacher.

Q1: Bell's two remaining students were "Georgie" Sanders and who?
A1: Mabel Hubbard
Q2: What was Georgie's father's name?
A2: Thomas Sanders
Q3: What disease made Mabel deaf?
A3: scarlet fever
Q4: How old was Mabel when she became deaf?
A4: 15
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.

Q1: The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season?
A1: winter
Q2: What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling?
A2: trees and plants
Q3: How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees?
A3: 1/3 to 1/2
Q4: Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator?
A4: they will interfere with winter solar availability
Q5: What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter?
A5: east and west
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Paris is the capital of France". Episodic memory, on the other hand, is used for more personal memories, such as the sensations, emotions, and personal associations of a particular place or time. Episodic memories often reflect the "firsts" in life such as a first kiss, first day of school or first time winning a championship. These are key events in one's life that can be remembered clearly. Autobiographical memory - memory for particular events within one's own life - is generally viewed as either equivalent to, or a subset of, episodic memory. Visual memory is part of memory preserving some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. One is able to place in memory information that resembles objects, places, animals or people in sort of a mental image. Visual memory can result in priming and it is assumed some kind of perceptual representational system underlies this phenomenon.[citation needed]

Q1: When remembering your first day of school or first dance, which memory are you using?
A1: Episodic memories
Q2: When fondly remembering your memory, which type of memory are you using?
A2: Autobiographical memory
Q3: Which type of memory enables us to remember knowledge of the world?
A3: Semantic memory
Q4: Which type of memory is used when remembering something that we've seen?
A4: Visual memory
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high standard document (ISO/IEC 11172-3). Therefore, comparison of decoders is usually based on how computationally efficient they are (i.e., how much memory or CPU time they use in the decoding process).

Q1: What is carefully defined in the standard?
A1: Decoding
Q2: What are most decoders?
A2: bitstream compliant
Q3: The ISO/IEC high standard document states that the decompressed output produced from a given MP3 file will be the same within what standards?
A3: specified degree of rounding tolerance
Q4: Decoders are usually compared by examining which factor?
A4: computationally efficient
Q5: The efficiency of decoders is examined by seeing how much memory and what other process they use in the decoding process?
A5: CPU time
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

Deep house's origins can be traced to Chicago producer Mr Fingers's relatively jazzy, soulful recordings "Mystery of Love" (1985) and "Can You Feel It?" (1986). According to author Richie Unterberger, it moved house music away from its "posthuman tendencies back towards the lush" soulful sound of early disco music.

Q1: what producer was the first to produce deep house? 
A1: Mr Fingers
Q2: where was producer mr. fingers' from?
A2: Chicago
Q3: when was mr. fingers' "mystery of love" released? 
A3: 1985
Q4: when was mr. fingers' "can you feel it?" released?
A4: 1986
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

Defensive Counterair (DCA) is defined as "all the defensive measures designed to detect, identify, intercept, and destroy or negate enemy forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace" (JP 1-02). A major goal of DCA operations, in concert with OCA operations, is to provide an area from which forces can operate, secure from air and missile threats. The DCA mission comprises both active and passive defense measures. Active defense is "the employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy" (JP 1-02). It includes both ballistic missile defense and air breathing threat defense, and encompasses point defense, area defense, and high value airborne asset defense. Passive defense is "measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative" (JP 1-02). It includes detection and warning; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense; camouflage, concealment, and deception; hardening; reconstitution; dispersion; redundancy; and mobility, counter-measures, and stealth.

Q1: What does the abbreviation DCA stand for? 
A1: Defensive Counterair
Q2: What sort of airspace is the DCA designed to protect?
A2: friendly
Q3: What is active defense, according to the functions of the DCA? 
A3: employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks
Q4: What kind of missile defense does active defense protect against, according to the DCA?
A4: ballistic
Q5: What is one of the many ways the DCA utilizes passive defense to protect from enemy attacks? 
A5: counter-measures
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

Defining exactly what section of a DNA sequence comprises a gene is difficult. Regulatory regions of a gene such as enhancers do not necessarily have to be close to the coding sequence on the linear molecule because the intervening DNA can be looped out to bring the gene and its regulatory region into proximity. Similarly, a gene's introns can be much larger than its exons. Regulatory regions can even be on entirely different chromosomes and operate in trans to allow regulatory regions on one chromosome to come in contact with target genes on another chromosome.

Q1: What is an example of a regulatory region of a gene that does not have to close to the coding sequence?
A1: enhancers
Q2: Why do some regulatory regions of a gene not have to be close to the coding sequence?
A2: because the intervening DNA can be looped out to bring the gene and its regulatory region into proximity
Q3: What part of a gene can be much larger than its exons?
A3: a gene's introns
Q4: How do regulatory regions on different chromosomes operate in order to allow regions on different chromosomes to come into contact with one another?
A4: in trans
Q5: Where can regulatory regions be found?
A5: different chromosomes
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

Definitions of "Southeast Asia" vary, but most definitions include the area represented by the countries (sovereign states and dependent territories) listed below. All of the states except for East Timor are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The area, together with part of South Asia, was widely known as the East Indies or simply the Indies until the 20th century. Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands[citation needed] are considered part of Southeast Asia though they are governed by Australia.[citation needed] Sovereignty issues exist over some territories in the South China Sea. Papua New Guinea has stated that it might join ASEAN, and is currently an observer.

Q1: Which country has stated that it might join ASEAN?
A1: Papua New Guinea
Q2: What does ASEAN mean?
A2: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Q3: Which two Islands governed by Australia are considered a part of ASEAN?
A3: Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Q4: Which state is not a member of ASEAN?
A4: East Timor
Title: Literature
Topic: Language and literature

Definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition". In Western Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" literature. Contemporary debates over what constitutes literature can be seen as returning to the older, more inclusive notion of what constitutes literature. Cultural studies, for instance, takes as its subject of analysis both popular and minority genres, in addition to canonical works.

Q1: The changing nature of the meaning of the term "literature" can be described as what?
A1: a "culturally relative definition"
Q2: In Western Europe until the 1700s, literature was a term used to describe what?
A2: all books and writing
Q3: During what literary movement did the definition of literature begin to narrow?
A3: the Romantic period
Q4: During that 18th century period, literature began to be applied how?
A4: it began to demarcate "imaginative" literature
Title: Appalachian_Mountains
Topic: Geography and places

Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) defines the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division as consisting of thirteen provinces: the Atlantic Coast Uplands, Eastern Newfoundland Atlantic, Maritime Acadian Highlands, Maritime Plain, Notre Dame and Mégantic Mountains, Western Newfoundland Mountains, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Saint Lawrence Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, New England province, and the Adirondack provinces. A common variant definition does not include the Adirondack Mountains, which geologically belong to the Grenville Orogeny and have a different geological history from the rest of the Appalachians.

Q1: How many provinces are in the mountain range?
A1: thirteen provinces
Q2: What is one of the provinces?
A2: the Atlantic Coast Uplands
Q3: Which province is often left out?
A3: the Adirondack provinces
Q4: What set of mountains in the range have a different geological history?
A4: the Adirondack Mountains
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

Deforestation and forest fires are a problem in many areas, as is the continual spread of the eucalyptus tree, a species imported from Australia, actively promoted by the paper industry since the mid-20th century. Galicia is one of the more forested areas of Spain, but the majority of Galicia's plantations, usually growing eucalyptus or pine, lack any formal management. Massive eucalyptus, especially Eucalyptus globulus plantation, began in the Francisco Franco era, largely on behalf of the paper company Empresa Nacional de Celulosas de España (ENCE) in Pontevedra, which wanted it for its pulp. Wood products figure significantly in Galicia's economy. Apart from tree plantations Galicia is also notable for the extensive surface occupied by meadows used for animal husbandry, especially cattle , an important activity. Hydroelectric development in most rivers has been a serious concern for local conservationists during the last decades.

Q1: Which tree species has become a problem for Galicia?
A1: eucalyptus tree
Q2: What kind of development on rivers are conservationists concerned about?
A2: Hydroelectric
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it. In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and neither answers prayers nor produces miracles. Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity. Pandeism and Panendeism, respectively, combine Deism with the Pantheistic or Panentheistic beliefs. Pandeism is proposed to explain as to Deism why God would create a universe and then abandon it, and as to Pantheism, the origin and purpose of the universe.

Q1: What is a deistic view of God?
A1: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it
Q2: How does a deistic God feel about us?
A2: no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity
Q3: What is Pandeism?
A3: why God would create a universe and then abandon it
Q4: What does a deistic God not do?
A4: neither answers prayers nor produces miracles
Q5: What type of religion believes that God is transcendent?
A5: Deism
Q6: What is deism?
A6: God has no interest in humanity
Q7: In deism is God represented in human form?
A7: God is not anthropomorphic
Q8: In deism, does God answer prayers?
A8: neither answers prayers
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Deleuze's and Latour's opinions, however, are minority ones, as Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools. It is impossible to say exactly why Whitehead's influence has not been more widespread, but it may be partly due to his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive (such as his assertion that matter is an abstraction), or his inclusion of theistic elements in his philosophy, or the perception of metaphysics itself as passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.

Q1: What is the general opinion of Whitehead in most philosophical schools?
A1: Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools
Q2: what is an example of Whitehead's ideas being counter-intuitive?
A2: his assertion that matter is an abstraction
Q3: What is a common opinion of metaphysics?
A3: perception of metaphysics itself as passé
Q4: Why do some people believe Whitehead's writings may have restricted his influence?
A4: the sheer difficulty and density of his prose
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Besides construction and operation of Delhi metro, DMRC is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail, monorail and high-speed rail projects in India and providing consultancy services to other metro projects in the country as well as abroad. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, the Managing Director of DMRC and popularly known as the "Metro Man" of India. He famously resigned from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the prestigious Legion of Honour by the French Government for his contribution to Delhi Metro.

Q1: What organization operates the Delhi Metro system?
A1: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Q2: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation operates under the administrative control of what government body?
A2: Ministry of Urban Development
Q3: The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by what Indian government figure?
A3: Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan
Q4: Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan was popularly known by what nickname?
A4: "Metro Man"
Q5: What major award was given to Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan for his contribution the the Delhi Metro?
A5: Legion of Honour
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

Delicate sounds and fine overtones were mostly lost, because it took a lot of sound energy to vibrate the recording horn diaphragm and cutting mechanism. There were acoustic limitations due to mechanical resonances in both the recording and playback system. Some pictures of acoustic recording sessions show horns wrapped with tape to help mute these resonances. Even an acoustic recording played back electrically on modern equipment sounds like it was recorded through a horn, notwithstanding a reduction in distortion because of the modern playback. Toward the end of the acoustic era, there were many fine examples of recordings made with horns.

Q1: What was the quality of sound recordings made with horns at the end of the acoustic era?
A1: many fine examples
Q2: What were issues facing play back and recording mechanics?
A2: acoustic limitations
Q3: Why do photos show take on horns?
A3: help mute these resonances
Q4: How would a record recorded with a horn sound played through modern equipment?
A4: like it was recorded through a horn
Q5: What was the cause of delicate and fine sound loss?
A5: took a lot of sound energy
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, catalogs and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave off competitors. In 2006, Dell cut its prices in an effort to maintain its 19.2% market share. This also cut profit-margins by more than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent. To maintain its low prices, Dell continues to accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone network, and to move its customer-care division to India and El Salvador.

Q1: What type of Dell media has appeared on TV, on the internet, and in magazines?
A1: advertisements
Q2: One of Dell's marketing strategies is what kind of shipping?
A2: free
Q3: What year did Dell cut its prices to keep its market share?
A3: 2006
Q4: By how much did Dell cut it's margins when it cut its prices?
A4: half
Q5: Where does Dell take most of its purchases for its products?
A5: Internet
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell announced a change campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company's products. While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins' years as CEO. With the return of Michael Dell as CEO, the company saw immediate changes in operations, the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company. Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the "Dell 2.0" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of "bureaucracy". Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by Donald Carty, as the company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices.

Q1: What was the name of Dell's change campaign?
A1: Dell 2.0
Q2: Who relinquished his position as CEO to take a seat on the board?
A2: Michael Dell
Q3: Michael Dell removed employee bonuses from what year with his new incentive?
A3: 2006
Q4: Who replaced Jim Schneider as Dell CFO?
A4: Donald Carty
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell assembled computers for the EMEA market at the Limerick facility in the Republic of Ireland, and once employed about 4,500 people in that country. Dell began manufacturing in Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland's largest exporter of goods and its second-largest company and foreign investor. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced that it would move all Dell manufacturing in Limerick to Dell's new plant in the Polish city of Łódź by January 2010. European Union officials said they would investigate a €52.7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell away from Ireland. European Manufacturing Facility 1 (EMF1, opened in 1990) and EMF3 form part of the Raheen Industrial Estate near Limerick. EMF2 (previously a Wang facility, later occupied by Flextronics, situated in Castletroy) closed in 2002,[citation needed] and Dell Inc. has consolidated production into EMF3 (EMF1 now[when?] contains only offices). Subsidies from the Polish government did keep Dell for a long time. After ending assembly in the Limerick plant the Cherrywood Technology Campus in Dublin was the largest Dell office in the republic with over 1200 people in sales (mainly UK & Ireland), support (enterprise support for EMEA) and research and development for cloud computing, but no more manufacturing except Dell's Alienware subsidiary, which manufactures PCs in an Athlone, Ireland plant. Whether this facility will remain in Ireland is not certain. Construction of EMF4 in Łódź, Poland has started[update]: Dell started production there in autumn 2007.

Q1: For what market did Dell make computers for in Ireland?
A1: EMEA
Q2: How many Irish employees did Dell hire?
A2: 4,500
Q3: What year did Dell announce it was relocating its Irish facility?
A3: 2009
Q4: What was the value of the aid package given to Dell that the European Union investigated?
A4: €52.7million
Q5: What year did Dell begin production in the Lodz, Poland facility?
A5: 2007
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell became the first company in the information technology industry to establish a product-recycling goal (in 2004) and completed the implementation of its global consumer recycling-program in 2006. On February 6, 2007, the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its "Recycling Works" award for efforts to promote producer responsibility. On July 19, 2007, Dell announced that it had exceeded targets in working to achieve a multi-year goal of recovering 275 million pounds of computer equipment by 2009. The company reported the recovery of 78 million pounds (nearly 40,000 tons) of IT equipment from customers in 2006, a 93-percent increase over 2005; and 12.4% of the equipment Dell sold seven years earlier.

Q1: What was Dell the first IT company to establish?
A1: product-recycling goal
Q2: What year did Dell enact its global consumer recycling program?
A2: 2006
Q3: How much electronics did Dell recycle by 2009?
A3: 275 million pounds
Q4: What year was 78 million pounds of Dell equipment recycled?
A4: 2006
Q5: What percentage of Dell electronics from the previous seven years were recycled?
A5: 12.4%
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40% by 2015, with 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year. It is listed in Greenpeace’s Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, climate and energy and how green their products are. In November 2011, Dell ranked 2nd out of 15 listed electronics makers (increasing its score to 5.1 from 4.9, which it gained in the previous ranking from October 2010).

Q1: What emissions did Dell strive to reduce?
A1: greenhouse gas
Q2: By 2015, how much did Dell slate to reduce its emissions?
A2: 40%
Q3: What year did Dell rank 2nd for product greenness?
A3: 2011
Q4: What organization scores electronics manufacturers based on how environmentally friendly their products are? 
A4: Greenpeace
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin, Texas; Plano, Texas; Nashua, New Hampshire; Nashville, Tennessee; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Peoria, Illinois; Hillsboro, Oregon (Portland area); Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Eden Prairie, Minnesota (Dell Compellent); Bowling Green, Kentucky; Lincoln, Nebraska; and Miami, Florida. Facilities located abroad include Penang, Malaysia; Xiamen, China; Bracknell, UK; Manila, Philippines Chennai, India; Hyderabad, India; Noida, India; Hortolandia and Porto Alegre, Brazil; Bratislava, Slovakia; Łódź, Poland; Panama City, Panama; Dublin and Limerick, Ireland; and Casablanca, Morocco.

Q1: What city is Dell's New Hampshire facility in?
A1: Nashua
Q2: What city is Dell's Tennessee facility in?
A2: Nashville
Q3: What city is Dell's Minnesota facility in?
A3: Eden Prairie
Q4: What city is Dell's Florida facility in?
A4: Miami
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell had a reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices, instead of being an innovator. By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low spending on R&D relative to its revenue (compared to IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Apple Inc.)—which worked well in the commoditized PC market—prevented it from making inroads into more lucrative segments, such as MP3 players and later mobile devices. Increasing spending on R&D would have cut into the operating margins that the company emphasized. Dell had done well with a horizontal organization that focused on PCs when the computing industry moved to horizontal mix-and-match layers in the 1980s, but by the mid-2000 the industry shifted to vertically integrated stacks to deliver complete IT solutions and Dell lagged far behind competitors like Hewlett Packard and Oracle.

Q1: What did Dell rely on that gave it a reputation?
A1: supply chain efficiencies
Q2: What did Dell maintain lower spending on than its competitors?
A2: R&D
Q3: What was Dell's organizational structure considered?
A3: horizontal
Q4: Dell lagged behind Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions?
A4: IT solutions
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model. Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years, yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the PC industry, HP, Gateway and Acer, had a long retail presence and so were well poised to take advantage of the consumer shift. The lack of a retail presence stymied Dell's attempts to offer consumer electronics such as flat-panel TVs and MP3 players. Dell responded by experimenting with mall kiosks, plus quasi-retail stores in Texas and New York.

Q1: What sales model did Dell use for a long time?
A1: direct
Q2: Who were the main driving force behind PC sales?
A2: Consumers
Q3: Where were consumers going to buy devices other than online?
A3: consumer electronics retail stores
Q4: What market presence did Dell lack?
A4: retail
Q5: What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in?
A5: Texas
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell has been attempting to offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow, by expanding into the enterprise market with servers, networking, software, and services. It avoided many of the acquisition writedowns and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard. Dell also managed some success in taking advantage of its high-touch direct sales heritage to establish close relationships and design solutions for clients. Despite spending $13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware, the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post-PC world, as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price. Dell's market share in the corporate segment was previously a "moat" against rivals but this has no longer been the case as sales and profits have fallen precipitously.

Q1: How much of Dell's revenue was its PC division?
A1: half
Q2: Who was Dell's main business rival?
A2: Hewlett Packard
Q3: How much did Dell spend on acquiring different divisions?
A3: $13 billion
Q4: What happened to Dell's revenue and share price in the post-PC market?
A4: declines
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell opened plants in Penang, Malaysia in 1995, and in Xiamen, China in 1999. These facilities serve the Asian market and assemble 95% of Dell notebooks. Dell Inc. has invested[when?] an estimated $60 million in a new manufacturing unit in Chennai, India, to support the sales of its products in the Indian subcontinent. Indian-made products bear the "Made in India" mark. In 2007 the Chennai facility had the target of producing 400,000 desktop PCs, and plans envisaged it starting to produce notebook PCs and other products in the second half of 2007.[citation needed]

Q1: In what foreign country did Dell open plants in 1995?
A1: Malaysia
Q2: What percentage of Dell notebooks are assembled in their asian plants?
A2: 95%
Q3: How much did Dell spend to construct a new plant in India?
A3: $60 million
Q4: How many PCs was Dell's Indian plant slated to make in 2007?
A4: 400,000
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell previously had its headquarters in the Arboretum complex in northern Austin, Texas. In 1989 Dell occupied 127,000 square feet (11,800 m2) in the Arboretum complex. In 1990, Dell had 1,200 employees in its headquarters. In 1993, Dell submitted a document to Round Rock officials, titled "Dell Computer Corporate Headquarters, Round Rock, Texas, May 1993 Schematic Design." Despite the filing, during that year the company said that it was not going to move its headquarters. In 1994, Dell announced that it was moving most of its employees out of the Arboretum, but that it was going to continue to occupy the top floor of the Arboretum and that the company's official headquarters address would continue to be the Arboretum. The top floor continued to hold Dell's board room, demonstration center, and visitor meeting room. Less than one month prior to August 29, 1994, Dell moved 1,100 customer support and telephone sales employees to Round Rock. Dell's lease in the Arboretum had been scheduled to expire in 1994.

Q1: What Texas city was Dell's headquarters previously in?
A1: Austin
Q2: How many employees worked at Dell's Texas headquarters?
A2: 1,200
Q3: What year did Dell announce that it was moving most of its employees out of Texas?
A3: 1994
Q4: Where was the board room located at Dells Arboretum building?
A4: top floor
Q5: How many customer support employees did Dell move to Round Rock in 1994?
A5: 1,100
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players, and electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its direct-sales model and its "build-to-order" or "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. Dell was a pure hardware vendor for much of its existence, but with the acquisition in 2009 of Perot Systems, Dell entered the market for IT services. The company has since made additional acquisitions in storage and networking systems, with the aim of expanding their portfolio from offering computers only to delivering complete solutions for enterprise customers.

Q1: Innovations in what kind of management is Dell known for?
A1: supply chain
Q2: What sales model did Dell follow?
A2: direct-sales
Q3: For the majority of Dell's existence, what were they a vendor of?
A3: hardware
Q4: What company did Dell acquire in 2009?
A4: Perot Systems
Q5: What market did Dell begin to compete in in 2009?
A5: IT services
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic support services, previously "Dell on Call"), Dell Support Center (extended support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in normal queues), Dell Everdream Desktop Management ("Software as a Service" remote-desktop management, originally a SaaS company founded by Elon Musk's cousin, Lyndon Rive, which Dell bought in 2007), and Your Tech Team (a support-queue available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell's website or through Dell phone-centers).

Q1: What is the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station?
A1: Dell on Call
Q2: What Dell service offers certified technicians to tackle commercial technical support?
A2: Dell Business Support
Q3: What Dell service offers remote desktop management?
A3: Dell Everdream Desktop Management
Q4: What is the name of the Dell service that gives home-users a support queue?
A4: Your Tech Team
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael Dell created Dell Computer Corporation, which at the time did business as PC's Limited, while a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Dell dropped out of school to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family. In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. PC's Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of operation.

Q1: When did Michael Dell found his company?
A1: 1984
Q2: How much did Dell receive as capital from his family?
A2: $1,000
Q3: What school did Dell go to and later drop out of while he ran his business?
A3: University of Texas at Austin
Q4: What year did Dell design its own computer?
A4: 1985
Q5: How much did Dell profit in its first year?
A5: $73 million
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell was listed at number 51 in the Fortune 500 list, until 2014. After going private in 2013, the newly confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune. In 2014 it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo and HP. Dell is currently the #1 shipper of PC monitors in the world. Dell is the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to Fortune magazine. It is the second largest non-oil company in Texas – behind AT&T – and the largest company in the Greater Austin area. It was a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: DELL), as well as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500, until it was taken private in a leveraged buyout which closed on October 30, 2013.

Q1: What number was dell on the Fortune 500 list until 2014?
A1: 51
Q2: When did Dell go private?
A2: 2013
Q3: Dell is currently the #1 shipper of what?
A3: PC monitors
Q4: In which state is Dell the sixth largest company?
A4: Texas
Q5: What PC vendor rank did Dell hold?
A5: third largest
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.

Q1: What toxic chemical did Dell set to eliminate from its products?
A1: polyvinyl chloride
Q2: By what year does Dell plan to remove chemicals from its computers?
A2: 2011
Q3: What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of toxic chemicals?
A3: Greenpeace
Q4: What year did Dell launch its first products that were free of toxic chemicals?
A4: 2009