LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Post-punk
Topic: Music

The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role. A variety of groups that predated punk, such as Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Gristle, experimented with crude production techniques and electronic instruments in tandem with performance art methods and influence from transgressive literature, ultimately helping to pioneer industrial music. Throbbing Gristle's independent label Industrial Records would become a hub for this scene and provide it with its namesake.

Q1: What type of production techniques did Dennis Bovell develop?
A1: innovative
Q2: What type of producer was Martin Hannett?
A2: post-punk
Q3: What took a central roll for the emerging post-punk music?
A3: studio experimentation
Q4: What eventually resulted in the pioneering of industrial music?
A4: crude production techniques
Q5: Whose independent label became a hub for the industrial scene?
A5: Throbbing Gristle's
Q6: Who were producers that led the way with emerging the post-punk culture?
A6: Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell
Q7: Which bands were on the forefront of industrial music?
A7: Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Gristle
Q8: What was the name of Throbbing Gristle's record label?
A8: Industrial Records
Q9: Where did industrial music get it's name?
A9: Industrial Records
Q10: What was one of the most important ways that post-punk artists created their new sound?
A10: studio experimentation
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

The insect outer skeleton, the cuticle, is made up of two layers: the epicuticle, which is a thin and waxy water resistant outer layer and contains no chitin, and a lower layer called the procuticle. The procuticle is chitinous and much thicker than the epicuticle and has two layers: an outer layer known as the exocuticle and an inner layer known as the endocuticle. The tough and flexible endocuticle is built from numerous layers of fibrous chitin and proteins, criss-crossing each other in a sandwich pattern, while the exocuticle is rigid and hardened.:22–24 The exocuticle is greatly reduced in many soft-bodied insects (e.g., caterpillars), especially during their larval stages.

Q1: Insect's outer skeleton is known as what?
A1: the cuticle
Q2: The cuticle has how many layers?
A2: two
Q3: Which cuticle later is like wax?
A3: the epicuticle
Q4: The epicuticle does not consist of what?
A4: chitin
Q5: Is the procuticle thinner or thicker than the epicuticle?
A5: thicker
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc) was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum"). Another exception is the École Polytechnique, which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges.

Q1: What was the first institute of technology in the world?
A1: the Berg-Schola
Q2: What war led to the increased popularity of institutes of technology and polytechnics?
A2: World War II
Q3: What was the founding name of the Braunschweig University of Technology?
A3: Collegium Carolinum
Q4: In what year was the École Polytechnique founded?
A4: 1794
Title: Canon_law
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes of civil law, such as the law in continental Europe and Latin American countries. Sampel explains that canon law has significant influence in contemporary society.

Q1: What continent's laws developed alongside those of the Church?
A1: Europe
Q2: In which types of law can elements of canon law be seen?
A2: modern civil law and common law
Q3: Who stated that Church law can be seen in the growth of civil law institutions?
A3: Edson Luiz Sampel
Q4: What two regions does Sampel cite as examples of the influence of canon law?
A4: Europe and Latin American
Q5: What does Sampel claim had a great impact on?
A5: contemporary society
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

The instrument was primarily used in an ensemble setting well into the 1930s, and although the fad died out at the beginning of the 1930s, the instruments that were developed for the orchestra found a new home in bluegrass. The famous Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson (1923) was designed to boost the flagging interest in mandolin ensembles, with little success. However, The "Loar" became the defining instrument of bluegrass music when Bill Monroe purchased F-5 S/N 73987 in a Florida barbershop in 1943 and popularized it as his main instrument.

Q1: The setting the mandolin was used in until the 1930's was? 
A1: ensemble setting
Q2: Where did the mandolins find a new home? 
A2: bluegrass
Q3: What mandolin was designed to boost interest in the mandolin?
A3: Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson
Q4: What mandolin became the face of bluegrass music?
A4: Loar
Q5: What instrument did artist Bill Monroe use? 
A5: F-5 S/N 73987
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

The instruments currently used in most classical music were largely invented before the mid-19th century (often much earlier) and codified in the 18th and 19th centuries. They consist of the instruments found in an orchestra or in a concert band, together with several other solo instruments (such as the piano, harpsichord, and organ). The symphony orchestra is the most widely known medium for classical music and includes members of the string, woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments. The concert band consists of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families. It generally has a larger variety and amount of woodwind and brass instruments than the orchestra but does not have a string section. However, many concert bands use a double bass. The vocal practices changed a great deal over the classical period, from the single line monophonic Gregorian chant done by monks in the Medieval period to the complex, polyphonic choral works of the Renaissance and subsequent periods, which used multiple independent vocal melodies at the same time.

Q1: Instrument currently used in most classical music where invented before what period?
A1: the mid-19th century
Q2: What is the most widely known medium for classical music?
A2: The symphony orchestra
Q3: A symphony orchestra includes members of the string, woodwind, percussion and what other family of instruments?
A3: brass
Q4: What does a symphony orchestra have that is missing from a concert band?
A4: a string section
Q5: What practice has changed a great deal over the classical period?
A5: vocal
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The instruments used are a mixture of Anatolian and Central Asian instruments (the saz, the bağlama, the kemence), other Middle Eastern instruments (the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney), and—later in the tradition—Western instruments (the violin and the piano). Because of a geographic and cultural divide between the capital and other areas, two broadly distinct styles of music arose in the Ottoman Empire: Ottoman classical music, and folk music. In the provinces, several different kinds of folk music were created. The most dominant regions with their distinguished musical styles are: Balkan-Thracian Türküs, North-Eastern (Laz) Türküs, Aegean Türküs, Central Anatolian Türküs, Eastern Anatolian Türküs, and Caucasian Türküs. Some of the distinctive styles were: Janissary Music, Roma music, Belly dance, Turkish folk music.

Q1: What are the three most used Anatolian and central asian instruments in Ottoman Classical music?
A1: the saz, the bağlama, the kemence
Q2: Which Middle Eastern instruments can be heard in Ottoman classical music?
A2: the ud, the tanbur, the kanun, the ney
Q3: In late Ottoman classical music one can find Western instruments, what were they?
A3: the violin and the piano
Q4: There were two main style of music in the Ottoman empire, what were they?
A4: classical music, and folk music
Q5: What were the most distinctive style of music in the Ottoman provinces?
A5: Janissary Music, Roma music, Belly dance, Turkish folk music
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

The interactions of carbonate anions with uranium(VI) cause the Pourbaix diagram to change greatly when the medium is changed from water to a carbonate containing solution. While the vast majority of carbonates are insoluble in water (students are often taught that all carbonates other than those of alkali metals are insoluble in water), uranium carbonates are often soluble in water. This is because a U(VI) cation is able to bind two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates to form anionic complexes.

Q1: In what medium does the Pourbaix diagram change when carbonate anions interact with uranium(VI)?
A1: carbonate containing solution
Q2: What notable carbonates are often water soluble?
A2: uranium
Q3: What does a uranium(VI) cation form when it binds to two terminal oxides and three or more carbonates?
A3: anionic complexes
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 were built in the period starting after the end of World War II and ending in the late 1960s, when they became less important due to the shifting of the strategic bombing role to ICBMs. Invariably the type is differentiated from other fighter aircraft designs by higher speeds and shorter operating ranges, as well as much reduced ordnance payloads.

Q1: What kind of aircraft is used to intercept and destroy other aircraft?
A1: The interceptor aircraft
Q2: What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most?
A2: bombers
Q3: When were interceptors like the F-102 Delta Dagger first built?
A3: after the end of World War II
Q4: When were interceptors like the F-106 Delta Dart not being built anymore?
A4: the late 1960s
Q5: The interceptors were no longer built because of the shift of the bombing role to what?
A5: ICBMs
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

The interface of Windows 8 has been the subject of mixed reaction. Bright wrote that its system of hot corners and edge swiping "wasn't very obvious" due to the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface, even by the video tutorial added on the RTM release (which only instructed users to point at corners of the screen or swipe from its sides). Despite this "stumbling block", Bright said that Windows 8's interface worked well in some places, but began to feel incoherent when switching between the "Metro" and desktop environments, sometimes through inconsistent means. Tom Warren of The Verge wrote that the new interface was "as stunning as it is surprising", contributing to an "incredibly personal" experience once it is customized by the user, but had a steep learning curve, and was awkward to use with a keyboard and mouse. He noted that while forcing all users to use the new touch-oriented interface was a risky move for Microsoft as a whole, it was necessary in order to push development of apps for the Windows Store. Others, such as Adrian Kingsley-Hughes from ZDNet, considered the interface to be "clumsy and impractical" due to its inconsistent design (going as far as considering it "two operating systems unceremoniously bolted together"), and concluded that "Windows 8 wasn't born out of a need or demand; it was born out of a desire on Microsoft's part to exert its will on the PC industry and decide to shape it in a direction—touch and tablets -- that allows it to compete against, and remain relevant in the face of Apple's iPad."

Q1: What makes the Windows 8 interface difficult to use?
A1: the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface
Q2: Who said the Windows 8 interface was clumsy and impractical?
A2: Adrian Kingsley-Hughes
Q3: What kind of feedback has Windows 8 received?
A3: mixed
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

The interior of Galicia is characterized by its hilly landscape, although mountain ranges rise to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in the east and south. The coastal areas are mostly an alternate series of rías (submerged valleys where the sea penetrates tens of kilometres inland) and cliffs. The climate of Galicia is temperate and rainy, but it is also markedly drier in the summer, being usually classified as Oceanic in the west and north, and Mediterranean in the southeast. Its topographic and climatic conditions have made animal husbandry and farming the primary source of Galicia's wealth for most of its history. With the exception of shipbuilding and food processing, Galicia was largely a semi-subsistence farming and fishing economy and did not experience significant industrialization until after the mid-20th century. In 2012, the gross domestic product at purchasing power parity was €56,000 million, with a nominal GDP per capita of €20,700. The population is largely concentrated in two coastal areas: from Ferrol to A Coruña in the northwest and from Pontevedra to Vigo in the southwest. To a lesser extent, there are smaller populations around the interior cities of Lugo, Ourense and Santiago de Compostela. The political capital is Santiago de Compostela, in the province of A Coruña. Vigo, in the province of Pontevedra, is the most populous municipality with 294,997 (2014), while A Coruña is the most populous city with 215.227 (2014).

Q1: How high does Galicia's mountain ranges rise?
A1: 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
Q2: What have been its two primary sources of wealth?
A2: animal husbandry and farming
Q3: Name its northwestern coastal area.
A3: Ferrol to A Coruña
Q4: Name its political capital.
A4: Santiago de Compostela
Q5: Which province is this capital in?
A5: A Coruña
Title: Flowering_plant
Topic: Natural sciences

The internal classification of this group has undergone considerable revision. The Cronquist system, proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1968 and published in its full form in 1981, is still widely used but is no longer believed to accurately reflect phylogeny. A consensus about how the flowering plants should be arranged has recently begun to emerge through the work of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), which published an influential reclassification of the angiosperms in 1998. Updates incorporating more recent research were published as APG II in 2003 and as APG III in 2009.

Q1: What internal component has undergone considerable revision?
A1: classification
Q2: What system did Arthur Cronquist put forth in 1968, but not publish in full form until 1981?
A2: The Cronquist system
Q3: What consensus is the AGP trying to reach?
A3: how the flowering plants should be arranged
Q4: Who published an influential reclassification of the angiosperms in 1998?
A4: APG
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

The internal unrest reached its most serious state, however, in the two civil wars that were caused by the clash between generals Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla starting from 88 BC. In the Battle of the Colline Gate at the very door of the city of Rome, a Roman army under Sulla bested an army of the Marius supporters and entered the city. Sulla's actions marked a watershed in the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another that was to pave the way for the wars which ultimately overthrew the Republic, and caused the founding of the Roman Empire.

Q1: What type of war was caused by the clash of two generals?
A1: civil wars
Q2: In what year did Marius and Sull begin to clash?
A2: 88 BC
Q3: In what specific section of Rome did the Battle of the Colline Gate take place?
A3: very door of the city
Q4: Who was defeated in the Battle of the Colline Gate?
A4: an army of the Marius supporters
Q5: What can be considered one of the causes that led to the downfall of the Roman Republic?
A5: the willingness of Roman troops to wage war against one another
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with other national bodies and with EU citizens is normally in their respective language, but the ECB website is predominantly English; official documents such as the Annual Report are in the official languages of the EU.

Q1: What language does the ECB generally use?
A1: English
Q2: When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used?
A2: normally in their respective language
Q3: What language is the ECB website run in?
A3: English
Q4: How are the languages of official documents handled?
A4: the official languages of the EU
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic
Topic: History

The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs to its west and Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs to the south.

Q1: Which country did the RSFSR border on the west?
A1: Poland
Q2: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the northwest?
A2: Norway and Finland
Q3: Which countries did the RSFSR border on the southeast?
A3: Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China
Q4: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the south?
A4: Azerbaijan, Georgian and Kazakh SSRs
Q5: Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west?
A5: the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs
Q6: What country borders Russia on the west?
A6: Poland
Q7: Along with Norway, what country borders the RSFSR on the northwest?
A7: Finland
Q8: In the USSR, what SSR did the RSFSR border along with the Kazakh SSR?
A8: Georgian
Q9: Along with the Mongolian People's Republic and the People's Republic of China, what country did the RSFSR border to its southeast?
A9: Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

The international repertoire of music for mandolin is almost unlimited, and musicians use it to play various types of music. This is especially true of violin music, since the mandolin has the same tuning of the violin. Following its invention and early development in Italy the mandolin spread throughout the European continent. The instrument was primarily used in a classical tradition with Mandolin orchestras, so called Estudiantinas or in Germany Zupforchestern appearing in many cities. Following this continental popularity of the mandolin family local traditions appeared outside of Europe in the Americas and in Japan. Travelling mandolin virtuosi like Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri contributed to the mandolin becoming a "fad" instrument in the early 20th century. This "mandolin craze" was fading by the 1930s, but just as this practice was falling into disuse, the mandolin found a new niche in American country, old-time music, bluegrass and folk music. More recently, the Baroque and Classical mandolin repertory and styles have benefited from the raised awareness of and interest in Early music, with media attention to classical players such as Israeli Avi Avital, Italian Carlo Aonzo and American Joseph Brent.

Q1: What instrument does the mandolin share the same tuning of?  
A1: violin
Q2: Where was the mandolin primarily used? 
A2: classical tradition with Mandolin orchestras
Q3: When was the mandolin considered a fad?
A3: early 20th century
Q4: Who contributed to the idea that the mandolin was a fad? 
A4: Giuseppe Pettine, Raffaele Calace and Silvio Ranieri
Q5: When did the mandolin craze end?
A5: 1930s
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The interwar period was also marked by a radical change in the international order, away from the balance of power that had dominated pre–World War I Europe. One main institution that was meant to bring stability was the League of Nations, which was created after the First World War with the intention of maintaining world security and peace and encouraging economic growth between member countries. The League was undermined by the bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States, leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.

Q1: What was the Interwar period marked by?
A1: radical change in the international order
Q2: What institution was meant to bring stability?
A2: the League of Nations
Q3: When was The League of Nations created?
A3: after the First World War
Q4: Who undermined  The League Of Nations?
A4: bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States
Q5: What effect did the  undermining of The league of Nations have on the people?
A5: leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

The introduction of new or equivalent deities coincided with Rome's most significant aggressive and defensive military forays. In 206 BC the Sibylline books commended the introduction of cult to the aniconic Magna Mater (Great Mother) from Pessinus, installed on the Palatine in 191 BC. The mystery cult to Bacchus followed; it was suppressed as subversive and unruly by decree of the Senate in 186 BC. Greek deities were brought within the sacred pomerium: temples were dedicated to Juventas (Hebe) in 191 BC, Diana (Artemis) in 179 BC, Mars (Ares) in 138 BC), and to Bona Dea, equivalent to Fauna, the female counterpart of the rural Faunus, supplemented by the Greek goddess Damia. Further Greek influences on cult images and types represented the Roman Penates as forms of the Greek Dioscuri. The military-political adventurers of the Later Republic introduced the Phrygian goddess Ma (identified with Roman Bellona, the Egyptian mystery-goddess Isis and Persian Mithras.)

Q1: What cult appeared from Pessinus in 206 BC?
A1: Magna Mater
Q2: What cult was brought in to Rome after the Great Mother cult?
A2: Bacchus
Q3: In what year did the Senate declare the Bacchus subversive?
A3: 186 BC
Q4: In what year was Diana  brought into the pomerium?
A4: 179 BC
Q5: What god was introduced in Rome in 138 BC?
A5: Mars
Title: Comprehensive_school
Topic: Social sciences and society

The introduction of the community school model in the 1970s controversially removed the denominational basis of the schools, but religious interests were invited to be represented on the Boards of Management. Community schools are divided into two models, the community school vested in the Minister for Education and the community college vested in the local Education and Training Board. Community colleges tended to be amalgamations of unviable local schools under the umbrella of a new community school model, but community schools have tended to be entirely new foundations.

Q1: What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?
A1: the denominational basis of the schools
Q2: What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently?
A2: Community colleges
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

The introduction of the guided missile resulted in a significant shift in anti-aircraft strategy. Although Germany had been desperate to introduce anti-aircraft missile systems, none became operational during World War II. Following several years of post-war development, however, these systems began to mature into viable weapons systems. The US started an upgrade of their defences using the Nike Ajax missile, and soon the larger anti-aircraft guns disappeared. The same thing occurred in the USSR after the introduction of their SA-2 Guideline systems.

Q1: Which weapon caused a major shift in anti-aircraft strategy?
A1: guided missile
Q2: Which company wanted to introduce missile systems during the second World War but was not successful?
A2: Germany
Q3: What missile did the United States upgrade their defences with?
A3: the Nike Ajax missile
Q4: The introduction of the Nike Ajax missile caused what to disappear?
A4: the larger anti-aircraft guns
Q5: The introduction of what caused the larger anti-aircraft guns to disappear in the USSR?
A5: SA-2 Guideline systems
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. The settlement of peoples was accompanied by changes in languages. The Latin of the Western Roman Empire was gradually replaced by languages based on, but distinct from, Latin, collectively known as Romance languages. These changes from Latin to the new languages took many centuries. Greek remained the language of the Byzantine Empire, but the migrations of the Slavs added Slavonic languages to Eastern Europe.

Q1: People of what ethnicity settled in the Balkan Peninsula?
A1: Slavic
Q2: In what geographic region did most of the invaders settle in Gaul?
A2: north-east
Q3: What is the collective name for languages derived from Latin?
A3: Romance languages
Q4: What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire?
A4: Greek
Q5: What languages were spoken by the Slavs?
A5: Slavonic
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The invention of electronic computers in the 1940s, along with the development of mathematical information theory, led to a realization that brains can potentially be understood as information processing systems. This concept formed the basis of the field of cybernetics, and eventually gave rise to the field now known as computational neuroscience. The earliest attempts at cybernetics were somewhat crude in that they treated the brain as essentially a digital computer in disguise, as for example in John von Neumann's 1958 book, The Computer and the Brain. Over the years, though, accumulating information about the electrical responses of brain cells recorded from behaving animals has steadily moved theoretical concepts in the direction of increasing realism.

Q1: Computers were invented in what decade in history?
A1: 1940s
Q2: Neuroscience spawned from what field of science in history?
A2: cybernetics
Q3: Who wrote the book, The Computer and the Brain?
A3: John von Neumann's
Q4: When was John von Neumann's book, The Computer and the Brain published?
A4: 1958
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825, and then developed the process with Louis Daguerre. The work of Étienne-Jules Marey in the 1880s contributed considerably to the development of modern photography. Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity, in the works of Man Ray and Maurice Tabard. Numerous photographers achieved renown for their photography of Paris, including Eugène Atget, noted for his depictions of street scenes, Robert Doisneau, noted for his playful pictures of people and market scenes (among which Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville has became iconic of the romantic vision of Paris), Marcel Bovis, noted for his night scenes, and others such as Jacques-Henri Lartigue and Cartier-Bresson. Poster art also became an important art form in Paris in the late nineteenth century, through the work of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Jules Chéret, Eugène Grasset, Adolphe Willette, Pierre Bonnard, Georges de Feure, Henri-Gabriel Ibels, Gavarni, and Alphonse Mucha.

Q1: In what year was the first permanent photograph produced?
A1: 1825
Q2: Who invented the first permanent photograph?
A2: Nicéphore Niépce
Q3: What was Eugene Atget known for photographing?
A3: street scenes
Q4: Who was knows for photographing night scenes?
A4: Marcel Bovis
Q5: When did poster art become an important art form?
A5: late nineteenth century
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System
Topic: Engineering and technology

The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007. Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals. A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals components. The knowledge of the codes allowed a group of engineers at Septentrio to build the COMPASS receiver and report tracking and multipath characteristics of the “I” signals on E2 and E5B.

Q1: When did the investigation of the signals transmitted by Compass -M1 begin?
A1: immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007
Q2: What did engineers at CNES report in June 2007?
A2: the spectrum and structure of the signals
Q3: Who reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals components?
A3: researchers from Stanford University
Q4: Who built the COMPASS receiver?
A4: a group of engineers at Septentrio
Q5: What was the purpose of building the COMPASS receiver?
A5: report tracking and multipath characteristics of the “I” signals on E2 and E5B
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy
Topic: Geography and places

The island covers an area of 25 square kilometres (2,500 ha). The eastern side is wetter than the western. Although the climate is essentially arid, the rainfall does average 1000 mm annually, but with considerable variation over the terrain. Summer is from May to November, which is also the rainy season. Winter from December to April is the dry season. Sunshine is very prominent for nearly the entire year and even during the rainy season. Humidity, however, is not very high due to the winds. The average temperature is around 25 °C with day temperatures rising to 32 °C. The average high and low temperatures in January are 28 °C and 22 °C, respectively, while in July they are 30 °C and 24 °C. The lowest night temperature recorded is 13 °C. The Caribbean sea waters in the vicinity generally maintain a temperature of about 27 °C.

Q1: What type of climate does St. Barts typically have?
A1: arid
Q2: How many hectares does the island have in total?
A2: 2,500
Q3: How much average rainfall does St. Barts get per year?
A3: 1000 mm
Q4: When does summer end in St. Barts?
A4: November
Q5: What is the lowest nighttime temperature recorded at St. Barts?
A5: 13 °C
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

The island experienced large-scale immigration over the 20th century, especially after the Second World War. Bermuda has a diverse population including both those with relatively deep roots in Bermuda extending back for centuries, and newer communities whose ancestry results from recent immigration, especially from Britain, North America, the West Indies, and the Portuguese Atlantic islands (especially the Azores), although these groups are steadily merging. About 46% of the population identified themselves with Bermudian ancestry in 2010, which was a decrease from the 51% who did so in the 2000 census. Those identifying with British ancestry dropped by 1% to 11% (although those born in Britain remain the largest non-native group at 3,942 persons). The number of people born in Canada declined by 13%. Those who reported West Indian ancestry were 13%. The number of people born in the West Indies actually increased by 538. A significant segment of the population is of Portuguese ancestry (10%), the result of immigration over the past 160 years, of whom 79% have residency status.

Q1: When did Bermuda have a large amount of people immigrating to it?
A1: 20th century, especially after the Second World War.
Q2: Where are the largest group of non-native people in Bermuda from?
A2: Britain
Q3: According to census result, there was the greatest decline in people claiming what ancestry?
A3: Bermudian
Q4: Which cultural group can claim 79% residency?
A4: Portuguese
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

The island had a monocrop economy until 1966, based on the cultivation and processing of New Zealand flax for rope and string. St Helena's economy is now weak, and is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government. The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product. Inflation was running at 4% in 2005. There have been increases in the cost of fuel, power and all imported goods.

Q1: What kind of crop economy did the Island originally have?
A1: monocrop
Q2: What year did the crop economy change?
A2: 1966
Q3: What was produced during the time the Island was monocrop?
A3: flax
Q4: Saint Helena's economy is now almost completely sustained by what?
A4: aid from the British government
Q5: How much % of production does the public sector cover?
A5: 50%
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet. The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012.

Q1: How many local newspapers does the island have?
A1: two
Q2: Where are both newspapers available?
A2: the Internet
Q3: Since when has the St Helena Independent been published?
A3: November 2005
Q4: When was the Sentinel Newspaper introduced?
A4: 2012
Title: Norfolk_Island
Topic: Geography and places

The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens upon arrival and the option to apply for residency; the only criteria are to pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme. From 1 July 2016, the Australian migration system will replace the immigration arrangements currently maintained by the Norfolk Island Government.

Q1: What has been heavily restricted in Norfolk Island, until recently?
A1: immigration
Q2: When were the immigration protocols relaxed in Norfolk Island?
A2: 2012
Q3: What aided in the relaxation of immigration protocols to Norfolk Island?
A3: an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zealand citizens
Q4: What must Australian and New Zealand citizens do in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? 
A4: pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme
Q5: When will the Australian migration system replace Norfolk Island's immigration policies?
A5: 1 July 2016
Title: Guam
Topic: Geography and places

The island of Guam is 30 miles (50 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 km) wide, 3⁄4 the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active. However, due to its proximity to Anatahan, vog (i.e. volcanic smog) does occasionally affect Guam.

Q1: How many miles is Guam across?
A1: 30 miles
Q2: What natural disaster that is not predictable does Guam have to worry about?
A2: earthquakes
Q3: Due to Guam being so close to Anatahan, what dod they have to worry about?
A3: volcanic smog
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

The island of Saint Helena has a total area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and warmer and drier than the centre. The highest point of the island is Diana's Peak at 818 m (2,684 ft). In 1996 it became the island's first national park. Much of the island is covered by New Zealand flax, a legacy of former industry, but there are some original trees augmented by plantations, including those of the Millennium Forest project which was established in 2002 to replant part of the lost Great Wood and is now managed by the Saint Helena National Trust. When the island was discovered, it was covered with unique indigenous vegetation, including a remarkable cabbage tree species. The island's hinterland must have been a dense tropical forest but the coastal areas were probably also quite green. The modern landscape is very different, with widespread bare rock in the lower areas, although inland it is green, mainly due to introduced vegetation. There are no native land mammals, but cattle, cats, dogs, donkeys, goats, mice, rabbits, rats and sheep have been introduced, and native species have been adversely affected as a result. The dramatic change in landscape must be attributed to these introductions. As a result, the string tree (Acalypha rubrinervis) and the St Helena olive (Nesiota elliptica) are now extinct, and many of the other endemic plants are threatened with extinction.

Q1: How many square miles is Saint Helena?
A1: 47
Q2: What kind of rock are coastal regions of Saint Helena covered with?
A2: volcanic
Q3: How many feet high is the highest peak of Saint Helena?
A3: 2,684
Q4: What year did Diana's Peak officially become a state park?
A4: 1996
Q5: What was formed in 2002 to replant parts of the great wood?
A5: Millennium Forest project
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614. Its spin-off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company's charter was revoked, and the English Crown took over administration. The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. After 1949, when Newfoundland became part of Canada, Bermuda was automatically ranked as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory. Since the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, it is the most populous Territory. Its first capital, St. George's, was established in 1612 and is the oldest continuously inhabited English town in the New World.

Q1: What is the capital of Bermuda?
A1: St. George's
Q2: What spin-off company took over operations in Bermuda in 1615?
A2: Somers Isles Company
Q3: In what year did Bermuda enter British rule?
A3: 1707
Q4: What is the name of the company that managed the colony from 1615-1684?
A4: the Somers Isles Company
Q5: In what year did the islands become a British colony?
A5: 1707
Q6: What event occured that automatically ranked Bermuda as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory?
A6: Newfoundland became part of Canada
Q7: What was Bermuda's first capital?
A7: St. George
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

The island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502. One of the most remote islands in the world, it was for centuries an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and South Africa. Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (for leading a Zulu army against British rule) and more than 5,000 Boers taken prisoner during the Second Boer War.

Q1: When was the island discovered?
A1: 1502
Q2: How many Boers were taken prisoner during the Second Boer War?
A2: more than 5,000
Q3: Why was Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo imprisoned on the island?
A3: leading a Zulu army against British rule
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

The island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the outbreak of the First World War and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the Central Powers, on 5 November 1914 the British Empire formally annexed Cyprus and declared the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan a Sultanate and British protectorate.

Q1: The island of Cyprus serves as a key military base to what western country?
A1: Britain
Q2: What years was the Famagusta harbour completed?
A2: 1906
Q3: Cyprus was a naval outpost which overlooked what canal?
A3: Suez Canal
Q4: Which side did the Ottoman Empire join in World War 1?
A4: Central Powers
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

The islands are at relatively low altitudes, with central Ireland and southern Great Britain particularly low lying: the lowest point in the islands is Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m (−9.02 ft). The Scottish Highlands in the northern part of Great Britain are mountainous, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the islands at 1,343 m (4,406 ft). Other mountainous areas include Wales and parts of Ireland, however only seven peaks in these areas reach above 1,000 m (3,281 ft). Lakes on the islands are generally not large, although Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is an exception, covering 150 square miles (390 km2).[citation needed] The largest freshwater body in Great Britain (by area) is Loch Lomond at 27.5 square miles (71 km2), and Loch Ness, by volume whilst Loch Morar is the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, with a maximum depth of 310 m (1,017 ft). There are a number of major rivers within the British Isles. The longest is the Shannon in Ireland at 224 mi (360 km).[citation needed] The river Severn at 220 mi (354 km)[citation needed] is the longest in Great Britain. The isles have a temperate marine climate. The North Atlantic Drift ("Gulf Stream") which flows from the Gulf of Mexico brings with it significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the islands' latitudes. Winters are cool and wet, with summers mild and also wet. Most Atlantic depressions pass to the north of the islands, combined with the general westerly circulation and interactions with the landmass, this imposes an east-west variation in climate.

Q1: What is the lowest elevation in the British Isles?
A1: Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m
Q2: Where is the highest point in the British Isles?
A2: Ben Nevis
Q3: Where are other mountain areas in the British Isles?
A3: Wales and parts of Ireland
Q4: What is the longest river in Ireland?
A4: the Shannon
Q5: What is the weather like in the summer time in the British Isles?
A5: mild and also wet
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

The islands are located about halfway between Hawaii and Australia, north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia, and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim. The atolls and islands form two groups: the Ratak (sunrise) and the Ralik (sunset). The two island chains lie approximately parallel to one another, running northwest to southeast, comprising about 750,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) of ocean but only about 70 square miles (180 km2) of land mass. Each includes 15 to 18 islands and atolls. The country consists of a total of 29 atolls and five isolated islands.

Q1: What nation lies to the west of the Marshall Islands?
A1: the Federated States of Micronesia
Q2: What United States territory does the Marshall Islands claim?
A2: Wake Island
Q3: How many square kilometers of ocean do the Marshall Islands cover?
A3: 1,900,000
Q4: How many square kilometers of land do the Marshall Islands cover?
A4: 180
Q5: How many atolls are part of the Marshall Islands?
A5: 29
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

The islands enjoy a mild climate and varied soils, giving rise to a diverse pattern of vegetation. Animal and plant life is similar to that of the northwestern European continent. There are however, fewer numbers of species, with Ireland having even less. All native flora and fauna in Ireland is made up of species that migrated from elsewhere in Europe, and Great Britain in particular. The only window when this could have occurred was between the end of the last Ice Age (about 12,000 years ago) and when the land bridge connecting the two islands was flooded by sea (about 8,000 years ago).

Q1: Which continent has similar plant and animal life as the British Isles?
A1: European continent
Q2: In Ireland where does the native animal and plant species mostly come from?
A2: Europe, and Great Britain
Q3: When did the land bridge between Ireland and Britain disappear?
A3: about 8,000 years ago
Q4: When did the last Ice Age end in the British Isles?
A4: about 12,000 years ago
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

The islands have been shaped by numerous glaciations during the Quaternary Period, the most recent being the Devensian.[citation needed] As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles in their current form. Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea.

Q1: What was the most recent glaciation that has shaped the British Isles?
A1: Devensian
Q2: What happened with the Devensian glaciation ended?
A2: the English Channel flooded
Q3: When did sea levels reach their current highth?
A3: 4,000 to 5,000 years ago
Q4: What covered the sea between Ireland and Great Britian during the last glacier?
A4: a single ice sheet
Title: Tristan_da_Cunha
Topic: Geography and places

The islands were first sighted in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha; rough seas prevented a landing. He named the main island after himself, Ilha de Tristão da Cunha, which was anglicised from its earliest mention on British Admiralty charts to Tristan da Cunha Island. Some sources state that the Portuguese made the first landing in 1520, when the Lás Rafael captained by Ruy Vaz Pereira called at Tristan for water. The first undisputed landing was made in 1643 by the crew of the Heemstede, captained by Claes Gerritsz Bierenbroodspot.

Q1: in what year were the islands first sighted?
A1: 1506
Q2: what was the name of the explorer that sighted them?
A2: Tristão da Cunha
Q3: who was the main island named after?
A3: Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha
Q4: what year was it said the first island landing was made?
A4: 1520
Title: Tristan_da_Cunha
Topic: Geography and places

The islands were occupied by a garrison of British Marines and a civilian population was gradually built up. Whalers also set up on the islands as a base for operations in the Southern Atlantic. However, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, together with the gradual move from sailing ships to coal-fired steam ships, increased the isolation of the islands, as they were no longer needed as a stopping port or for shelter for journeys from Europe to East Asia.

Q1: what is one reason that caused the island to become less used?
A1: the opening of the Suez Canal