LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

Although Germany used forced labourers in most occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda, thus, better suited for such duties. Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens were transported to the Reich for forced labour, against their will. All Polish males were required to perform forced labour. While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich. In the winter of 1939–40, about 100,000 Jews were thus deported to Poland. They were initially gathered into massive urban ghettos, such as 380,000 held in the Warsaw Ghetto, where large numbers died under the harsh conditions therein, including 43,000 in the Warsaw Ghetto alone. Poles and ethnic Jews were imprisoned in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and the Reich. In Auschwitz, which began operating on 14 June 1940, 1.1 million people died.

Q1: How many Jews were forced to live within the Warsaw Ghetto? 
A1: 380,000
Q2: How many Jews died in the Warsa Ghetto?
A2: 43,000
Q3: Which group of people were considered inferior?
A3: Poles and other Slavs
Q4: How many Polish people were used in labor camps?
A4: Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens
Q5: How many people are believed to have died in Auschwitz?
A5: 1.1 million people
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

Although Greg argued that an editor should be free to use his judgment to choose between competing substantive readings, he suggested that an editor should defer to the copy-text when "the claims of two readings ... appear to be exactly balanced. ... In such a case, while there can be no logical reason for giving preference to the copy-text, in practice, if there is no reason for altering its reading, the obvious thing seems to be to let it stand." The "exactly balanced" variants are said to be indifferent.

Q1: Are there times when an editor's judgement should be deferred?
A1: the claims of two readings ... appear to be exactly balanced
Q2: What should one do when two readings are contradictory but balanced?
A2: if there is no reason for altering its reading, the obvious thing seems to be to let it stand.
Q3: What do editors call variants that are exactly balanced?
A3: indifferent
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

Although John was the Count of Poitou and therefore the rightful feudal lord over the Lusignans, they could legitimately appeal John's actions in France to his own feudal lord, Philip. Hugh did exactly this in 1201 and Philip summoned John to attend court in Paris in 1202, citing the Le Goulet treaty to strengthen his case. John was unwilling to weaken his authority in western France in this way. He argued that he need not attend Philip's court because of his special status as the Duke of Normandy, who was exempt by feudal tradition from being called to the French court. Philip argued that he was summoning John not as the Duke of Normandy, but as the Count of Poitou, which carried no such special status. When John still refused to come, Philip declared John in breach of his feudal responsibilities, reassigned all of John's lands that fell under the French crown to Arthur – with the exception of Normandy, which he took back for himself – and began a fresh war against John.

Q1: When did Philip summon John to attend court?
A1: 1202
Q2: What was John summoned as?
A2: Count of Poitou
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

Although Kammu had abandoned universal conscription in 792, he still waged major military offensives to subjugate the Emishi, possible descendants of the displaced Jōmon, living in northern and eastern Japan. After making temporary gains in 794, in 797 Kammu appointed a new commander, Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, under the title Sei-i Taishōgun (Barbarian-subduing generalissimo). By 801 the shogun had defeated the Emishi and had extended the imperial domains to the eastern end of Honshū. Imperial control over the provinces was tenuous at best, however. In the ninth and tenth centuries, much authority was lost to the great families, who disregarded the Chinese-style land and tax systems imposed by the government in Kyoto. Stability came to Japan, but, even though succession was ensured for the imperial family through heredity, power again concentrated in the hands of one noble family, the Fujiwara which also helped Japan develop more.

Q1: What was the name of the possible descendants of Jōmon?
A1: Emishi
Q2: What was the name of the new commander Kanmu appointed in the year 797?
A2: Sakanoue no Tamuramaro
Q3: What was Tamuramaro's military title?
A3: Sei-i Taishōgun
Q4: The Emishi were defeated in what year?
A4: 801
Q5: The imperial capital extended to the eastern edge of which Japanese island?
A5: Honshū
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

Although Kim's early successes had led him to predict that he would end the war by the end of August, Chinese leaders were more pessimistic. To counter a possible U.S. deployment, Zhou Enlai secured a Soviet commitment to have the Soviet Union support Chinese forces with air cover, and deployed 260,000 soldiers along the Korean border, under the command of Gao Gang. Zhou commanded Chai Chengwen to conduct a topographical survey of Korea, and directed Lei Yingfu, Zhou's military advisor in Korea, to analyze the military situation in Korea. Lei concluded that MacArthur would most likely attempt a landing at Incheon. After conferring with Mao that this would be MacArthur's most likely strategy, Zhou briefed Soviet and North Korean advisers of Lei's findings, and issued orders to Chinese army commanders deployed on the Korean border to prepare for American naval activity in the Korea Strait.

Q1: Why did Zhou Enlai want a commitment the Soviet Union to commit to supporting the Chinese troops?
A1: To counter a possible U.S. deployment
Q2: Where did North Korea predict that MacArthur would enter Korea?
A2: Incheon
Q3: Who helped North Korea prepare for war by surveying the country?
A3: Chai Chengwen
Q4: Where did the Chinese military deploy troops in preparation for the arrival of US troops?
A4: the Korean border
Q5: Even though it was predicted that the Korean War would end in August, who was less than optimistic about the prediction?
A5: Chinese leaders
Title: Mali
Topic: Geography and places

Although Mali has enjoyed a reasonably good inter-ethnic relationships based on the long history of coexistence, some hereditary servitude and bondage relationship exist, as well as ethnic tension between settled Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs of the north. Due to a backlash against the northern population after independence, Mali is now in a situation where both groups complain about discrimination on the part of the other group. This conflict also plays a role in the continuing Northern Mali conflict where there is a tension between both Tuaregs and the Malian government, and the Tuaregs and radical Islamists who are trying to establish sharia law.

Q1: Ethnic tension are between what two groups of people?
A1: Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs
Q2: Radical Islam and the Tuaregs are both considered problematic according to whom?
A2: Malian government
Q3: What group of people are trying to establish sharia law?
A3: radical Islamists
Q4: What type of hereditary relationships still exist today?
A4: servitude and bondage
Q5: Songhai and Tuaregs both complain about what same issue towards each other?
A5: discrimination
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

Although Max insisted von Neumann attend school at the grade level appropriate to his age, he agreed to hire private tutors to give him advanced instruction in those areas in which he had displayed an aptitude. At the age of 15, he began to study advanced calculus under the renowned analyst Gábor Szegő. On their first meeting, Szegő was so astounded with the boy's mathematical talent that he was brought to tears. Some of von Neumann's instant solutions to the problems in calculus posed by Szegő, sketched out on his father's stationery, are still on display at the von Neumann archive in Budapest. By the age of 19, von Neumann had published two major mathematical papers, the second of which gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers, which superseded Georg Cantor's definition. At the conclusion of his education at the gymnasium, von Neumann sat for and won the Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics.

Q1: At what age did Von Neumann begin to study advance calculus?
A1: 15
Q2: Who did Von Neumann begin his studies of advanced calculus under?
A2: Gábor Szegő
Q3: By 19 how many papers had Von Neumann published?
A3: two major mathematical papers
Q4: Von Neumann's modern definition of ordinal numbers superseded whose definition?
A4: Georg Cantor
Q5: What prize did Von Neuman win at the conclusion of his gymansium formal education?
A5: Eötvös Prize, a national prize for mathematics
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

Although NPOs are permitted to generate surplus revenues, they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion, or plans. NPOs have controlling members or a board of directors. Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives who work with or without compensation (occasionally nominal). In some countries, where there is a token fee, in general it is used to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization.

Q1: How does an NPO have to handle surplus money?
A1: they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion, or plans
Q2: Who makes most of the decisions for an NPO?
A2: controlling members or a board of directors
Q3: How do NPOs handle staffing?
A3: Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives who work with or without compensation
Q4: What are token fees used for?
A4: to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization
Title: Madrasa
Topic: Language and literature

Although Ottoman madaris had a number of different branches of study, such as calligraphic sciences, oral sciences, and intellectual sciences, they primarily served the function of an Islamic centre for spiritual learning. "The goal of all knowledge and in particular, of the spiritual sciences is knowledge of God." Religion, for the most part, determines the significance and importance of each science. As İnalcık mentions: "Those which aid religion are good and sciences like astrology are bad." However, even though mathematics, or studies in logic were part of the madrasa's curriculum, they were all centred around religion. Even mathematics had a religious impulse behind its teachings. "The Ulema of the Ottoman medreses held the view that hostility to logic and mathematics was futile since these accustomed the mind to correct thinking and thus helped to reveal divine truths" – key word being "divine". İnalcık also mentions that even philosophy was only allowed to be studied so that it helped to confirm the doctrines of Islam." Hence, madaris – schools were basically religious centres for religious teachings and learning in the Ottoman world. Although scholars such as Goffman have argued that the Ottomans were highly tolerant and lived in a pluralistic society, it seems that schools that were the main centres for learning were in fact heftily religious and were not religiously pluralistic, but centred around Islam. Similarly, in Europe "Jewish children learned the Hebrew letters and texts of basic prayers at home, and then attended a school organised by the synagogue to study the Torah." Wiesner-Hanks also says that Protestants also wanted to teach "proper religious values." This shows that in the early modern period, Ottomans and Europeans were similar in their ideas about how schools should be managed and what they should be primarily focused on. Thus, Ottoman madaris were very similar to present day schools in the sense that they offered a wide range of studies; however, these studies, in their ultimate objective, aimed to further solidify and consolidate Islamic practices and theories.

Q1: What was the essential mission of Islamic schools in the Ottoman Empire?
A1: spiritual learning
Q2: Why was philosophy taught in Ottoman madaris?
A2: confirm the doctrines of Islam
Q3: What type of social structure did the Ottoman Empire have?
A3: pluralistic
Q4: What religion was at the center of education in the Ottoman Empire?
A4: Islam
Q5: What did Ottoman madaris have that was similar to modern American schools?
A5: wide range of studies
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electromagnetic launching equipment, vertical landing aircraft also remove the need for arresting cables and related hardware. Russian, Chinese, and future Indian carriers include a ski-jump ramp for launching lightly loaded conventional fighter aircraft but recover using traditional carrier arresting cables and a tailhook on their aircraft.

Q1: What is a more fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically?
A1: using the ramp and a running start
Q2: What kind of aircraft are capable of taking off vertically?
A2: STOVL
Q3: What landing aircraft have removed the need for arresting cables?
A3: vertical
Q4: What do Russian carriers include for launching lightly loaded conventional fighters?
A4: a ski-jump ramp
Q5: What do Russian carriers still use to recover?
A5: traditional carrier arresting cables and a tailhook on their aircraft
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Although Turkey and Israel did not establish full diplomatic relations until 1991, Turkey has cooperated with the State since its recognition of Israel in 1949. Turkey's ties to the other Muslim-majority nations in the region have at times resulted in pressure from Arab and Muslim states to temper its relationship with Israel. Relations between Turkey and Israel took a downturn after the 2008–09 Gaza War and Israel's raid of the Gaza flotilla. IHH, which organized the flotilla, is a Turkish charity that has been challenged on ties to Hamas and Al-Qaeda. Relations between Israel and Greece have improved since 1995 due to the decline of Israeli-Turkish relations. The two countries have a defense cooperation agreement and in 2010, the Israeli Air Force hosted Greece’s Hellenic Air Force in a joint exercise at the Uvda base. Israel is the second largest importer of Greek products in the Middle East. The joint Cyprus-Israel oil and gas explorations centered on the Leviathan gas field are an important factor for Greece, given its strong links with Cyprus. Cooperation in the world's longest sub-sea electric power cable, the EuroAsia Interconnector, has strengthened relations between Cyprus and Israel.

Q1: When did Turkey and Israel establish full diplomatic relations?
A1: 1991
Q2: Who organized the flotilla?
A2: IHH
Q3: When did Israel and Turkey's relations take a downturn?
A3: after the 2008–09 Gaza War
Title: Edmund_Burke
Topic: History

Although Whig grandees such as Portland and Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke's Appeal, they wished he had used more moderate language. Fitzwilliam saw the Appeal as containing "the doctrines I have sworn by, long and long since". Francis Basset, a backbench Whig MP, wrote to Burke: "...though for reasons which I will not now detail I did not then deliver my sentiments, I most perfectly differ from Mr. Fox & from the great Body of opposition on the French Revolution". Burke sent a copy of the Appeal to the king and the king requested a friend to communicate to Burke that he had read it "with great Satisfaction". Burke wrote of its reception: "Not one word from one of our party. They are secretly galled. They agree with me to a title; but they dare not speak out for fear of hurting Fox. ... They leave me to myself; they see that I can do myself justice". Charles Burney viewed it as "a most admirable book—the best & most useful on political subjects that I have ever seen" but believed the differences in the Whig Party between Burke and Fox should not be aired publicly.

Q1: Who thought Burke should have written in a more moderate tone?
A1: Portland and Fitzwilliam
Q2: Who said he 'perfectly differed from Mr. Fox'?
A2: Francis Basset
Q3: What was Francis Basset's political party?
A3: Whig
Q4: How did Burke think the Whigs secretly felt?
A4: galled
Q5: Who thought Burke and Fox shouldn't have made their argument public?
A5: Charles Burney
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for building grand Las Vegas style mega casinos to revitalize the aging city.

Q1: In what year did the tunnel open?
A1: 2001
Q2: What was the name of Atlantic City's newest casino?
A2: The Borgata
Q3: When did The Borgata open?
A3: July 2003
Q4: In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped?
A4: 2002
Q5: The new roadway prompted a partnership between which two companies?
A5: Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Although a resonant antenna has a purely resistive feed-point impedance at a particular frequency, many (if not most) applications require using an antenna over a range of frequencies. An antenna's bandwidth specifies the range of frequencies over which its performance does not suffer due to a poor impedance match. Also in the case of a Yagi-Uda array, the use of the antenna very far away from its design frequency reduces the antenna's directivity, thus reducing the usable bandwidth regardless of impedance matching.

Q1: What type of antenna has impedance at a specific frequency?
A1: resonant
Q2: What term can be used to refer to the usable spectrum of an antennas frequency?
A2: bandwidth
Q3: What causes the frequencies outside of the bandwidth to be unusable?
A3: impedance match
Q4: What is lessened by the Yagi-Uda design?
A4: directivity
Title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia group (as opposed to the Sunni group) in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the Shia Nizari Ismailis who deny the very concept of Occultation. The Shia Nizari Ismailis by definition have to have a present and living Imam until the end of time.[citation needed] Thus if any living Nizari Ismaili Imam fails to leave behind a successor after him then the Nizari Ismailism’s cardinal principle would be broken and it’s very raison d'être would come to an end.

Q1: What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to?
A1: Shia
Q2: What has happened to some of the Shia tariqahs last Imams?
A2: Occultation
Q3: Who deny the concept of Occulation?
A3: Shia Nizari Ismailis
Q4: What kind of Imam do Shia Nizari Ismailis have?
A4: present and living
Q5: What would happen to the Nizari Ismaili if the Imam fails to leave a successor?
A5: come to an end
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which the crucifixion of Jesus is described in the gospels. The crucified man was identified as Yehohanan ben Hagkol and probably died about 70 AD, around the time of the Jewish revolt against Rome. The analyses at the Hadassah Medical School estimated that he died in his late 20s. Another relevant archaeological find, which also dates to the 1st century AD, is an unidentified heel bone with a spike discovered in a Jerusalem gravesite, now held by the Israel Antiquities Authority and displayed in the Israel Museum.

Q1: Are all sources of the crucification literary?
A1: almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary
Q2: What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen?
A2: the 1968 archeological discovery
Q3: Who was the crucified man discovered in an archaeological find?
A3: ben Hagkol
Q4: When was Ben Hagkol crucified?
A4: about 70 AD
Q5: What institution holds a heel bone with a spike inserted?
A5: Israel Museum
Title: Alloy
Topic: Mathematics

Although an alloy is technically an impure metal, when referring to alloys, the term "impurities" usually denotes those elements which are not desired. These impurities are often found in the base metals or the solutes, but they may also be introduced during the alloying process. For instance, sulfur is a common impurity in steel. Sulfur combines readily with iron to form iron sulfide, which is very brittle, creating weak spots in the steel. Lithium, sodium and calcium are common impurities in aluminium alloys, which can have adverse effects on the structural integrity of castings. Conversely, otherwise pure-metals that simply contain unwanted impurities are often called "impure metals" and are not usually referred to as alloys. Oxygen, present in the air, readily combines with most metals to form metal oxides; especially at higher temperatures encountered during alloying. Great care is often taken during the alloying process to remove excess impurities, using fluxes, chemical additives, or other methods of extractive metallurgy.

Q1: What is a characteristic of iron sulfide?
A1: very brittle
Q2: What makes pure metals impure metals?
A2: unwanted impurities
Q3: What are the three common impurities in aluminum alloys?
A3: Lithium, sodium and calcium
Q4: Using fluxes and chemical additives during the alloying process does what?
A4: remove excess impurities
Title: Culture
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture, in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially.[citation needed] American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.

Q1: Who's definition of culture did anthropologist  accept?
A1: Tylor's
Q2: What four fields make up American anthropology which play a vital role on its research of culture?
A2: biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.
Q3: In which century did "culture" as a central concept of American anthropology emerge?
A3: 20th century
Title: Asthma
Topic: Natural sciences

Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma is usually reversible; however, if left untreated, the chronic inflammation from asthma can lead the lungs to become irreversibly obstructed due to airway remodeling. In contrast to emphysema, asthma affects the bronchi, not the alveoli.

Q1: What kind of condition is asthma?
A1: a chronic obstructive condition
Q2: What are examples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
A2: bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
Q3: Is the airway obstuction reversable in asthma?
A3: asthma is usually reversible
Q4: What part of the airway does emphysema affect?
A4: alveoli
Q5: What part of the airway does asthma affect?
A5: the bronchi
Title: Richard_Feynman
Topic: Mathematics

Although born to and raised by parents who were Ashkenazi, Feynman was not only an atheist, but declined to be labelled Jewish. He routinely refused to be included in lists or books that classified people by race. He asked to not be included in Tina Levitan's The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize, writing, "To select, for approbation the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish heredity is to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory," and adding "... at thirteen I was not only converted to other religious views, but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way 'the chosen people'."

Q1: Which religious sect did Feynman refuse to be part of?
A1: Jewish
Q2: Which book did Feynman decline to be listed in?
A2: The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize
Q3: What did Feynman believe that the Jewish people were not?
A3: the chosen people
Q4: What religious affiliation did Feynman have?
A4: atheist
Q5: Feynman did not like to be listed in anything that labeled people by what standard?
A5: race
Title: Web_browser
Topic: Engineering and technology

Although browsers are primarily intended to use the World Wide Web, they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems.

Q1: The primary function of a browser is to use what?
A1: the World Wide Web
Q2: In addition to accessing the Internet, browsers can also access info that is put there by web servers in what?
A2: private networks
Q3: A browser can also access files where?
A3: file systems
Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis
Topic: Geography and places

Although chartered as a university, for many years Washington University functioned primarily as a night school located on 17th Street and Washington Avenue in the heart of downtown St. Louis. Owing to limited financial resources, Washington University initially used public buildings. Classes began on October 22, 1854, at the Benton School building. At first the university paid for the evening classes, but as their popularity grew, their funding was transferred to the St. Louis Public Schools. Eventually the board secured funds for the construction of Academic Hall and a half dozen other buildings. Later the university divided into three departments: the Manual Training School, Smith Academy, and the Mary Institute.

Q1: Where was Washington University located? 
A1: 17th Street and Washington Avenue
Q2: When did classes first begin at Washington University?
A2: October 22, 1854
Q3: What building was first used for classes at Washington University?
A3: Benton School building.
Q4: What three departments were Washington University divided?
A4: the Manual Training School, Smith Academy, and the Mary Institute
Q5: What type of school did Washington University first function?
A5: a night school
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compromise agreement was reached to place an indefinite ban on mining, to be reviewed in 2048, further limiting economic development and exploitation. The primary economic activity is the capture and offshore trading of fish. Antarctic fisheries in 2000–01 reported landing 112,934 tonnes.

Q1: What does the Protocol on Environmental Protection seek to regulate?
A1: resources
Q2: In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica?
A2: 1998
Q3: When will the mining ban be reviewed?
A3: 2048
Q4: What is the major economic activity near Antarctica?
A4: trading of fish
Q5: How many tonnes of fish were reported caught in 2000-01?
A5: 112,934 tonnes
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi as names are used interchangeably to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi, these are two distinct entities, and the latter is a small part of the former.

Q1: What are the two terms colloquially used to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi?
A1: Delhi and New Delhi
Q2: New Delhi is a small part of what larger territory?
A2: Delhi
Q3: Delhi and New Delhi are colloquially used to refer to what jurisdiction?
A3: NCT of Delhi
Q4: What is one name used to refer to the jurisdiction of NCT of Delhi?
A4: Delhi
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

Although critics have blamed Napoleon for several tactical mistakes preceding the battle, they have also praised his audacity for selecting a risky campaign strategy, choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline. As Chandler points out, Napoleon spent almost a year getting the Austrians out of Italy in his first campaign; in 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal. German strategist and field marshal Alfred von Schlieffen concluded that "Bonaparte did not annihilate his enemy but eliminated him and rendered him harmless" while "[attaining] the object of the campaign: the conquest of North Italy."

Q1: From what direction did Napoleon elect to invade Italy?
A1: the north
Q2:  What direction did French invasions of Italy normally come from?
A2: the west
Q3: Around how long did it take Napoleon to push Austria out of Italy in his first experiences there?
A3: a year
Q4: How long did it take Napoleon to drive Austria from Italy in 1800?
A4: a month
Q5: According to Alfred von Shlieffen, what was the object of Napoleon's 1800 Italian campaign?
A5: the conquest of North Italy
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Although dance-oriented, electronic pop and ballad-oriented rock dominated the 1980s, soft rock songs still enjoyed a mild success thanks to artists like Sheena Easton, Amy Grant, Lionel Richie, Christopher Cross, Dan Hill, Leo Sayer, Billy Ocean, Julio Iglesias, Bertie Higgins and Tommy Page. No song spent more than six weeks at #1 on this chart during the 1980s, with nine songs accomplishing that feat. Two of these were by Lionel Richie, "You Are" in 1983 and "Hello" in 1984, which also reached #1 on the Hot 100.

Q1: Along with electronic pop, what type of music was the most successful in the 1980s?
A1: ballad-oriented rock
Q2: What genre did the music of Billy Ocean belong to?
A2: soft rock
Q3: What was the longest that a song spent at #1 on the adult contemporary charts in the 1980s?
A3: six weeks
Q4: In what year did Lionel Richie record "You Are"?
A4: 1983
Q5: Aside from the adult contemporary chart, on what other chart did Lionel Richie's "Hello" reach the top spot?
A5: Hot 100
Title: Clothing
Topic: Natural sciences

Although dissertations on clothing and its function appear from the 19th century as colonising countries dealt with new environments, concerted scientific research into psycho-social, physiological and other functions of clothing (e.g. protective, cartage) occurred in the first half of the 20th century, with publications such as J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes in 1930, and Newburgh's seminal Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing in 1949. By 1968, the field of environmental physiology had advanced and expanded significantly, but the science of clothing in relation to environmental physiology had changed little. While considerable research has since occurred and the knowledge-base has grown significantly, the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book is still cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.

Q1: What century do dissertation on clothing first appear from?
A1: 19th
Q2: What year was J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes published?
A2: 1930
Q3: Whose book entitled Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing was published in 1949?
A3: Newburgh's
Q4: How much had the science of clothing in relation to environmental factors changed by 1968?
A4: little
Q5: What have remained unchanged while the knowledge has grown?
A5: the main concepts
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

Although each institution is organized differently, nearly all universities have a board of trustees; a president, chancellor, or rector; at least one vice president, vice-chancellor, or vice-rector; and deans of various divisions. Universities are generally divided into a number of academic departments, schools or faculties. Public university systems are ruled over by government-run higher education boards. They review financial requests and budget proposals and then allocate funds for each university in the system. They also approve new programs of instruction and cancel or make changes in existing programs. In addition, they plan for the further coordinated growth and development of the various institutions of higher education in the state or country. However, many public universities in the world have a considerable degree of financial, research and pedagogical autonomy. Private universities are privately funded and generally have broader independence from state policies. However, they may have less independence from business corporations depending on the source of their finances.

Q1: How many vice presidents do most universities have?
A1: at least one
Q2: What kind of board does a university commonly have?
A2: a board of trustees
Q3: What are the different departments of a university called?
A3: schools or faculties
Q4: Who controls public universities?
A4: government-run higher education boards
Q5: Besides students, what is the source of funds of private universities?
A5: business corporations
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

Although exotic on Earth, one of the most common ions in the universe is the H+
3 ion, known as protonated molecular hydrogen or the trihydrogen cation.

Q1: What kind of molecular hydrogen is the H+3 knows as?
A1: protonated
Q2: What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as?
A2: trihydrogen cation
Title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger
Topic: Media and drama

Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 89% in December 2003), he left office with a record low 23%, only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis's when he was recalled in October 2003.

Q1: What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor?
A1: 89%
Q2: What was Schwarzenegger's approval rating on the day his time in office ended?
A2: 23%
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

Although his support had been essential to Shunzhi's ascent, Dorgon had through the years centralised so much power in his hands as to become a direct threat to the throne. So much so that upon his death he was extraordinarily bestowed the posthumous title of Emperor Yi (Chinese: 義皇帝), the only instance in Qing history in which a Manchu "prince of the blood" (Chinese: 親王) was so honored. Two months into Shunzhi's personal rule, Dorgon was not only stripped of his titles, but his corpse was disinterred and mutilated.[b] to atone for multiple "crimes", one of which was persecuting to death Shunzhi’s agnate eldest brother, Hooge. More importantly, Dorgon's symbolic fall from grace also signaled a political purge of his family and associates at court, thus reverting power back to the person of the emperor. After a promising start, Shunzhi's reign was cut short by his early death in 1661 at the age of twenty-four from smallpox. He was succeeded by his third son Xuanye, who reigned as the Kangxi Emperor.

Q1: Who was a threat to Shunzhi's throne?
A1: Dorgon
Q2: What was Dorgon known as after death?
A2: Emperor Yi
Q3: Who was Shunzhi's oldest brother?
A3: Hooge
Q4: When did Shunzhi's death?
A4: 1661
Q5: How old was Shunzhi at his death?
A5: twenty-four
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

Although hydrides can be formed with almost all main-group elements, the number and combination of possible compounds varies widely; for example, there are over 100 binary borane hydrides known, but only one binary aluminium hydride. Binary indium hydride has not yet been identified, although larger complexes exist.

Q1: How many binary borane hydrides are known?
A1: over 100
Q2: How many binary aluminum hydrides are there?
A2: 1
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

Although inefficient, incandescent light bulbs have an advantage in applications where accurate color reproduction is important, since the continuous blackbody spectrum emitted from an incandescent light-bulb filament yields near-perfect color rendition, with a color rendering index of 100 (the best possible). White-balancing is still required to avoid too "warm" or "cool" colors, but this is a simple process that requires only the color temperature in Kelvin as input for modern, digital visual reproduction equipment such as video or still cameras unless it is completely automated. The color-rendering performance of incandescent lights cannot be matched by LEDs or fluorescent lights, although they can offer satisfactory performance for non-critical applications such as home lighting. White-balancing such lights is therefore more complicated, requiring additional adjustments to reduce for example green-magenta color casts, and even when properly white-balanced, the color reproduction will not be perfect.

Q1: What is the purpose of white-balancing?
A1: to avoid too "warm" or "cool" colors
Q2: Of incandescent lights, fluorescent lights and LEDs, which has the best color-rendering performance?
A2: incandescent lights
Q3: What is the color rendering index of an incandescent light?
A3: 100
Q4: Why do incandescent lights have superior color rendering?
A4: the continuous blackbody spectrum emitted from an incandescent light-bulb filament
Q5: What is the highest possible color rendering index score?
A5: 100
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Although initially the Germans were welcomed by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its oppressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realised that the Nazis were but another occupying power. The Germans used Estonia's resources for their war effort; for the duration of the occupation Estonia was incorporated into the German province of Ostland. The Germans and their collaborators also carried out The Holocaust in Estonia in which they established a network of concentration camps and murdered thousands of Estonian Jews and Estonian Gypsies, other Estonians, non-Estonian Jews, and Soviet prisoners of war.

Q1: What did the majority of Estonians view the Germans as?
A1: liberators
Q2: Who was in control of Estonia before the Germans?
A2: the USSR
Q3: What did Estonia hope to restore after the removal of the USSR?
A3: the country's independence
Q4: What did Germany take from Estonia for their war strategy?
A4: Estonia's resources
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species.

Q1: What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins?
A1: 2010s
Q2: Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years?
A2: 40,000
Q3: What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to?
A3: Eurasia
Q4: What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot?
A4: starch-rich
Q5: What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from?
A5: extensive genetic studies
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Although it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's industries. Moreover, OKL could not settle on an appropriate strategy. German planners had to decide whether the Luftwaffe should deliver the weight of its attacks against a specific segment of British industry such as aircraft factories, or against a system of interrelated industries such as Britain's import and distribution network, or even in a blow aimed at breaking the morale of the British population. The Luftwaffe's strategy became increasingly aimless over the winter of 1940–1941. Disputes among the OKL staff revolved more around tactics than strategy. This method condemned the offensive over Britain to failure before it began.

Q1: Poor intelligence and what other problem made it difficult for the Luftwaffe to do extreme damage?
A1: unclear strategy
Q2: What year did the OKL become aware that Britain would be a possible target?
A2: early 1938
Q3: What disagreements did the  Luftwaffe staff center around?
A3: tactics
Q4: What did the disputes between the staff cause to happen to the strategy against Britain?
A4: failure before it began
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

Although it is not known exactly when Chopin first met Liszt after arriving in Paris, on 12 December 1831 he mentioned in a letter to his friend Woyciechowski that "I have met Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot, etc.—also Kalkbrenner. You would not believe how curious I was about Herz, Liszt, Hiller, etc." Liszt was in attendance at Chopin's Parisian debut on 26 February 1832 at the Salle Pleyel, which led him to remark: "The most vigorous applause seemed not to suffice to our enthusiasm in the presence of this talented musician, who revealed a new phase of poetic sentiment combined with such happy innovation in the form of his art."

Q1: Who was the recipient of Frédéric's letter he wrote on 12 December 1831?
A1: Woyciechowski
Q2: What are the three names stated in Frédéric's letter that he had shown interest and curiosity in?
A2: Herz, Liszt, Hiller
Q3: Who is stated as being in attendance of Frédéric's first performance at the Salle Pleyel on 26 February 1832?
A3: Liszt
Q4: What was the date that LIszt first saw Chopin perform?
A4: 26 February 1832
Q5: Which friend received the letter in which Chopin referenced Liszt?
A5: Woyciechowski
Q6: Where was Chopin's first concert in Paris held?
A6: the Salle Pleyel
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Although it is said that the "dog is man's best friend" regarding 17–24% of dogs in the developed countries, in the developing world they are feral, village or community dogs, with pet dogs uncommon. These live their lives as scavengers and have never been owned by humans, with one study showing their most common response when approached by strangers was to run away (52%) or respond with aggression (11%). We know little about these dogs, nor about the dogs that live in developed countries that are feral, stray or are in shelters, yet the great majority of modern research on dog cognition has focused on pet dogs living in human homes.

Q1: When these feral dogs are approached by a person, they tend to do this 52% of the time?
A1: run away
Q2: When these feral dogs are approached by a person, they tend to do this 11% of the time?
A2: respond with aggression
Q3: Dog cognition has been studied on what kind of dogs?
A3: pet dogs living in human homes.
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

Although it was Russia that was punished by the Paris Treaty, in the long run it was Austria that lost the most from the Crimean War despite having barely taken part in it.:433 Having abandoned its alliance with Russia, Austria was diplomatically isolated following the war,:433 which contributed to its disastrous defeats in the 1859 Franco-Austrian War that resulted in the cession of Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia, and later in the loss of the Habsburg rule of Tuscany and Modena, which meant the end of Austrian influence in Italy. Furthermore, Russia did not do anything to assist its former ally, Austria, in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War:433 with its loss of Venetia and more important than that, its influence in most German-speaking lands. The status of Austria as a great power, with the unifications of Germany and Italy was now severely questioned. It had to compromise with Hungary, the two countries shared the Danubian Empire and Austria slowly became a little more than a German satellite. With France now hostile to Germany, allied with Russia, and Russia competing with the newly renamed Austro-Hungarian Empire for an increased role in the Balkans at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, the foundations were in place for creating the diplomatic alliances that would lead to World War I.

Q1: Who lost the most due to the Crimean War?
A1: Austria
Q2: Russia failed to help Austria during what war that took place in 1866?
A2: Austro-Prussian War
Q3: Who became diplomatically isolated after the war?
A3: Kingdom of Sardinia
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

Although its PlayStation predecessors had been very dominant against the competition and were hugely profitable for Sony, PlayStation 3 had an inauspicious start, and Sony chairman and CEO Sir Howard Stringer initially could not convince investors of a turnaround in its fortunes. The PS3 lacked the unique gameplay of the more affordable Wii which became that generation's most successful console in terms of units sold. Furthermore, PS3 had to compete directly with Xbox 360 which had a market head start, and as a result the platform no longer had exclusive titles that the PS2 enjoyed such as the Grand Theft Auto and Final Fantasy series (regarding cross-platform games, Xbox 360 versions were generally considered superior in 2006, although by 2008 the PS3 versions had reached parity or surpassed), and it took longer than expected for PS3 to enjoy strong sales and close the gap with Xbox 360. Sony also continued to lose money on each PS3 sold through 2010, although the redesigned "slim" PS3 has cut these losses since then.

Q1: What was PlayStation 3's toughest competitor in the video game market?
A1: Wii
Q2: What did Wii offer that PS3 couldn't compete with?
A2: unique gameplay
Q3: In 2006, did most people prefer the Xbox 360 or PS3 versions of cross-platform games?
A3: Xbox 360 versions
Q4: Until what year was Sony seeing a loss on each PlayStation 3 console it sold?
A4: 2010
Q5: Which cost less in stores: PS3 or Wii?
A5: Wii
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they kill sheep. Wolves in Russia apparently limit feral dog populations. In Wisconsin, more compensation has been paid for dog losses than livestock. Some wolf pairs have been reported to prey on dogs by having one wolf lure the dog out into heavy brush where the second animal waits in ambush. In some instances, wolves have displayed an uncharacteristic fearlessness of humans and buildings when attacking dogs, to the extent that they have to be beaten off or killed.

Q1: Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator?
A1: apex
Q2: Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs?
A2: fearless
Q3: What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia?
A3: dogs
Q4: Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs?
A4: apex
Q5: Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal?
A5: sheep
Q6: What limits the feral dog population in Russia?
A6: Wolves