LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

A large Russian assault on the allied supply base to the southeast, at Balaclava was rebuffed on 25 October 1854.:521–527 The Battle of Balaclava is remembered in the UK for the actions of two British units. At the start of the battle, a large body of Russian cavalry charged the 93rd Highlanders, who were posted north of the village of Kadikoi. Commanding them was Sir Colin Campbell. Rather than 'form square', the traditional method of repelling cavalry, Campbell took the risky decision to have his Highlanders form a single line, two men deep. Campbell had seen the effectiveness of the new Minie rifles, with which his troops were armed, at the Battle of the Alma a month before, and was confident his men could beat back the Russians. His tactics succeeded. From up on the ridge to the west, Times correspondent William Howard Russell saw the Highlanders as a 'thin red streak topped with steel', a phrase which soon became the 'Thin Red Line.'

Q1: Who did the Russians attack at the beginning off the Battle of Balaclava?
A1: 93rd Highlanders
Q2: Near what village were the 93rd Highlanders posted at?
A2: Kadikoi
Q3: Who led the 93rd Highlanders?
A3: Sir Colin Campbell
Q4: What weapon did Sir Colin Campbell troops use during the Battle of Alma?
A4: Minie rifles
Q5: What risky maneuver did Sir Colin Campbell have the 93rd Highlanders form? 
A5: a single line, two men deep
Title: Utrecht
Topic: History

A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area. Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated. The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station.

Q1: What is the name of the large shopping center 
A1: Hoog Catharijne
Q2: how are the shopping center corridors treated 
A2: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night
Q3: What is being recreated 
A3: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated
Q4: what is located on the west side of the rail station
A4: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers and other documents reside at both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing.

Q1: What are Bell's personal papers known as?
A1: Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers
Q2: In what part of the Library of Congress are Bell's papers kept?
A2: Manuscript Division
Q3: Apart from in person, how can one look at many of Bell's papers?
A3: online
Q4: In what university is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute?
A4: Cape Breton University
Q5: In what province is the Alexander Graham Bell Institute located?
A5: Nova Scotia
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

A large number of international institutions have their seats in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Geneva is the birthplace of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the Geneva Conventions and, since 2006, hosts the United Nations Human Rights Council. Even though Switzerland is one of the most recent countries to have joined the United Nations, the Palace of Nations in Geneva is the second biggest centre for the United Nations after New York, and Switzerland was a founding member and home to the League of Nations.

Q1: How long has Switzerland hosted the United Nations Human Rights Council?
A1: since 2006
Q2: What is the second biggest centre for the U.N.?
A2: Palace of Nations in Geneva
Q3: Where did the Red Crescent Movement begin?
A3: Geneva
Q4: Where is the League of Nations located?
A4: Switzerland
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages.

Q1: Where did a large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training?
A1: university departments named for the Near East
Q2: What is the meaning of Near East in numerous establishments and publications?
A2: Middle East
Q3: What is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East?
A3: Expertise on the modern Middle East
Q4: What includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian?
A4: Near Eastern Languages
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae that live inside them. Most land plants and land ecosystems rely on mutualisms between the plants, which fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi, which help in extracting water and minerals from the ground.

Q1: What type of relationship do herbivores have with the bacteria in their intestines?
A1: mutualistic
Q2: What do coral and algae produce together?
A2: Coral reefs
Q3: How do plants contribute to terrestrial ecosystems?
A3: fix carbon from the air
Q4: What type of fungus draws liquid and minerals out of the earth?
A4: mycorrhyzal
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rotation literally for years in some cases, does not appear necessarily to be facing similar pressures to expand its format. Soft AC includes a larger amount of older music, especially classic R&B, soul, and 1960s and 1970s music, than hot AC.

Q1: Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?
A1: raising children
Q2: Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?
A2: 1960s and 1970s
Q3: Along with classic R&B, what genre is notably featured on soft AC stations?
A3: soul
Q4: What radio station format is soft AC often contrasted with?
A4: hot AC
Title: Old_English
Topic: Language and literature

A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham ("the Grammarian"). This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the "classical" form of Old English. It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language.

Q1: Who was known by the nickname "the Grammarian"?
A1: Ælfric of Eynsham
Q2: What churchman was influential in the development of the Winchester standard?
A2: Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester
Q3: In what century did the Winchester standard arise?
A3: 10th
Q4: What is another term for the Winchester standard?
A4: Late West Saxon
Q5: What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language?
A5: the Norman Conquest
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. However, unemployment, which currently stands at around 15%, still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakh conflict.

Q1: What is the unemployment rate in Armenia?
A1: 15%
Q2: To what does Armenia attribute it's high unemployment rate?
A2: refugees from the Karabakh conflict
Q3: When did Armenia establish a foreign investment law?
A3: June 1994
Q4: When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation?
A4: 1997
Title: Literature
Topic: Language and literature

A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to use a traditional linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative, or the choice of literary genre, are all examples of literary technique. They may indicate to a reader that there is a familiar structure and presentation to a work, such as a conventional murder-mystery novel; or, the author may choose to experiment with their technique to surprise the reader.

Q1: Literary devices are employed for what reason?
A1: produce specific effects
Q2: What is one form of narration in literature?
A2: first-person
Q3: What are two types of narrative structure in literature?
A3: linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative
Q4: Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?
A4: to surprise the reader
Q5: In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?
A5: a conventional murder-mystery novel
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

A literature compendium for a large variety of audio coding systems was published in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), February 1988. While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual (i.e. masking) techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding. Several of these papers remarked on the difficulty of obtaining good, clean digital audio for research purposes. Most, if not all, of the authors in the JSAC edition were also active in the MPEG-1 Audio committee.

Q1: What was published in the IEEE Journal in 1988?
A1: literature compendium
Q2: What did the literature compendium document?
A2: finished, working audio coders
Q3: Where were most of the authors in the JSAC edition?
A3: MPEG-1 Audio committee
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

A loblolly pine, known as the "Eisenhower Pine", was located on Augusta's 17th hole, approximately 210 yards (192 m) from the Masters tee. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request. The tree was removed in February 2014 after an ice storm caused it significant damage.

Q1: At what Augusta hole was the Eisenhower Pine located?
A1: 17th
Q2: How many meters away from the Masters tee on Augusta's 17th was the Eisenhower Pine?
A2: 192
Q3: What did Eisenhower want to be done to the Eisenhower Pine?
A3: cut down
Q4: What damaged the Eisenhower Pine in February 2014?
A4: ice storm
Q5: In what year did Eisenhower propose that the pine tree named after him be removed?
A5: 1956
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena.

Q1: What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?
A1: New Zealand
Q2: What island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922?
A2: Ascension Island
Q3: What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?
A3: Wideawake airport
Q4: What year was Wideawake Airport built?
A4: 1942
Title: Lancashire
Topic: Geography and places

A local pioneer of folk song collection in the first half of the 19th century was Shakespearean scholar James Orchard Halliwell, but it was not until the second folk revival in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county, including industrial folk song, began to gain attention. The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in Ewan MacColl, but also a local champion in Harry Boardman, who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county. Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group The Spinners, and from Manchester folk troubadour Roy Harper and musician, comedian and broadcaster Mike Harding. The region is home to numerous folk clubs, many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music. Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood.

Q1: Who was a local pioneer of folk song collection?
A1: James Orchard Halliwell
Q2: Who did the most to popularize folk songs of the county?
A2: Harry Boardman
Q3: Who were the most influential fold artists from the region in the 20th century?
A3: The Spinners
Q4: Who do the many folk clubs today cater to?
A4: Irish and Scottish folk music
Q5: What is one of the regular folk festivals called?
A5: Fylde Folk Festival
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as wild dogs, big cats and bears (see Man-eater). However, humans are not solitary creatures; they are social animals with highly developed social behaviors. Early humans, such as Homo erectus, have been using stone tools and weapons for well over a million years. Anatomically modern humans have been apex predators since they first evolved, and many species of carnivorous megafauna actively avoid interacting with humans; the primary environmental competitor for a human is other humans. The one subspecies of carnivorous megafauna that does interact frequently with humans in predatory roles is the domestic dog, but usually as a partner in predation especially if they hunt together. Cannibalism has occurred in various places, among various cultures, and for various reasons. At least a few people, such as the Donner party, are said to have resorted to it in desperation.

Q1: What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?
A1: speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength
Q2: For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons?
A2: well over a million years
Q3: What are humans' primary competitors?
A3: other humans
Q4: What is one known istance of cannibalism?
A4: the Donner party
Q5: With what species do humans hunt in partnership?
A5: domestic dog
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

A long list of AM and FM radio stations broadcast to greater Melbourne. These include "public" (i.e., state-owned ABC and SBS) and community stations. Many commercial stations are networked-owned: DMG has Nova 100 and Smooth; ARN controls Gold 104.3 and KIIS 101.1; and Southern Cross Austereo runs both Fox and Triple M. Stations from towns in regional Victoria may also be heard (e.g. 93.9 Bay FM, Geelong). Youth alternatives include ABC Triple J and youth run SYN. Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R, strive to play under represented music. JOY 94.9 caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender audiences. For fans of classical music there are 3MBS and ABC Classic FM. Light FM is a contemporary Christian station. AM stations include ABC: 774, Radio National, and News Radio; also Fairfax affiliates 3AW (talk) and Magic (easy listening). For sport fans and enthusiasts there is SEN 1116. Melbourne has many community run stations that serve alternative interests, such as 3CR and 3KND (Indigenous). Many suburbs have low powered community run stations serving local audiences.

Q1: What are examples of Youth radio stations?
A1: ABC Triple J and youth run SYN
Q2: Which music stations strive to play under represented music?
A2: Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R
Q3: Which radio station caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender audiences?
A3: JOY 94.9
Q4: Which station caters to sports fans and enthusiasts?
A4: SEN 1116
Q5: 3MBS and ABC Classic FM play what type of music?
A5: classical
Title: Guinea-Bissau
Topic: Geography and places

A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books]

Q1: Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?
A1: depressed
Q2: Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?
A2: deteriorating
Q3: What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?
A3: macroeconomic
Q4: How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?
A4: 233 days or about 33 weeks
Q5: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?
A5: Suriname
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party. "We know how to delay," remarked Minority Leader Gephardt Dilatory motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes are standard time-consuming parliamentary tactics. By stalling action on the majority party's agenda, the minority leader may be able to launch a campaign against a "do-nothing Congress" and convince enough voters to put his party back in charge of the House. To be sure, the minority leader recognizes that "going negative" carries risks and may not be a winning strategy if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public.

Q1: What is the purpose of Obstruction?
A1: frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness
Q2: How can obstruction be employed?
A2: motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes
Q3: Is it safe to employ negative strategy?
A3: "going negative" carries risks
Q4: What may be a risk negative tactic?
A4: if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A lot of temples dedicated to Apollo were built in Greece and in the Greek colonies, and they show the spread of the cult of Apollo, and the evolution of the Greek architecture, which was mostly based on the rightness of form, and on mathematical relations. Some of the earliest temples, especially in Crete, don't belong to any Greek order. It seems that the first peripteral temples were rectangle wooden structures. The different wooden elements were considered divine, and their forms were preserved in the marble or stone elements of the temples of Doric order. The Greeks used standard types, because they believed that the world of objects was a series of typical forms which could be represented in several instances. The temples should be canonic, and the architects were trying to achieve the esthetic perfection. From the earliest times there were certain rules strictly observed in rectangular peripteral and prostyle buildings. The first buildings were narrow to hold the roof, and when the dimensions changed, some mathematical relations became necessary, in order to keep the original forms. This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics.

Q1: What buildings were originally rectangle wood structures?
A1: peripteral temples
Q2: Why did mathematical relations become necessary?
A2: in order to keep the original forms
Q3: Why were the first buildings narrow?
A3: to hold the roof
Q4: Who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was a permanent principle of mathematics?
A4: Pythagoras
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made to the borders of counties after Estonia became independent, most notably the formation of Valga County (from parts of Võru, Tartu and Viljandi counties) and Petseri County (area acquired from Russia with the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty).

Q1: What is the largest administrative subdivision in Estonia?
A1: A maakond
Q2: What is the county government in Estonia called?
A2: Maavalitsus
Q3: A Maavanem holds what position in Estonia?
A3: county governor
Q4: Who represents the national government on a local level?
A4: Maavanem
Title: Internet_service_provider
Topic: Engineering and technology

A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations.

Q1: What is a mailbox provider? 
A1: an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes
Q2: What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains? 
A2: A mailbox provider
Q3: what is the purpose of a mailbox provider? 
A3: It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email
Q4: how does a user store electronic mail?
A4: A mailbox provider
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

A major battleground, Burma was devastated during World War II. By March 1942, within months after they entered the war, Japanese troops had advanced on Rangoon and the British administration had collapsed. A Burmese Executive Administration headed by Ba Maw was established by the Japanese in August 1942. Wingate's British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders, followed the Chindits into the Burmese jungle in 1943. Beginning in late 1944, allied troops launched a series of offensives that led to the end of Japanese rule in July 1945. The battles were intense with much of Burma laid waste by the fighting. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma. Only 1,700 prisoners were taken.

Q1: Was Burma effected by the world wars?
A1: Burma was devastated during World War II
Q2: Did the British protect Burma as its colony during WWII?
A2: the British administration had collapsed
Q3: Where groups from Burma an advantage to the Allies during WWII?
A3: British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders
Q4: How many soldiers were lost by the Japanese in Burma during WWII ?
A4: the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma
Q5: When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma?
A5: the end of Japanese rule in July 1945
Title: Idealism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition." However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility.

Q1: Who wrote Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences?
A1: Hegel
Q2: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published?
A2: 1807
Q3: What trait did Climacus believe that Hegel suppressed?
A3: individuality
Q4: Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual?
A4: State
Q5: What conception of right and wrong did Climacus believe Hegel endorsed?
A5: bourgeois
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, "[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of "chief danger spots". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone.

Q1: What was the Truman administration concerned about that was preventing them from getting involved in the Korean conflict?
A1: Soviet reaction
Q2: What agency approved the use of force in South Korea?
A2: The UN Security Council
Q3: Why did the US not send in ground troops after the United Nations approved the use of force?
A3: advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power
Q4: Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread?
A4: Truman
Q5: What resources did the US devote to South Korea after the Security Council approved engaging in an armed conflict?
A5: air and naval forces
Title: Carnival
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A major feature is the calypso competition. Calypso music, originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics. It offers a medium in which to satirise local politics, amidst the general bacchanal. Calypso tents, also originating in Trinidad, feature cadres of musicians who perform biting social commentaries, political exposés or rousing exhortations to "wuk dah waistline" and "roll dat bumper". The groups compete for the Calypso Monarch Award, while the air is redolent with the smells of Bajan cooking during the Bridgetown Market Street Fair. The Cohobblopot Festival blends dance, drama and music with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands. Every evening the "Pic-o-de-Crop" Show is performed after the King of Calypso is finally crowned. The climax of the festival is Kadooment Day celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with pulsating Barbadian rhythms and fireworks.

Q1: What type of competition is a major feature of the festival?
A1: calypso
Q2: Where did Calypso music originate?
A2: Trinidad
Q3: Who perform biting social commentaries?
A3: musicians
Q4: What do the musical groups compete for?
A4: the Calypso Monarch Award
Q5: What is the climax of the festival called?
A5: Kadooment Day
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands stalled talks on climate change at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, fearing some other developing countries were not committing fully to binding deals on a reduction in carbon emissions. Their chief negotiator stated, "Tuvalu is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change and our future rests on the outcome of this meeting."

Q1: What crisis is a major concern for Tuvalu at the UN?
A1: global warming
Q2: In concert with global warming, what is Tuvalu's other envirnmental priority? 
A2: sea level rising
Q3: What agreement does Tuvalu advocate ratification?
A3: Kyoto Protocol
Q4: What did Tuvalu call for from other nations concerning reduction of carbon emissions?
A4: binding deals
Q5: What does Tuvalu feel its position to be in climate change?
A5: vulnerable
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire.

Q1: Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force?
A1: Hermann Göring
Q2: What strategy could have worked against the British Empire?
A2: strangle British sea communications
Q3: Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?
A3: the Kriegsmarine
Q4: What did the Kriegsmarine try to gain control over?
A4: aircraft
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival" held annually on 1 October. The most important sports event within the country is arguably the Tuvalu Games, which are held yearly since 2008. Tuvalu first participated in the Pacific Games in 1978 and in the Commonwealth Games in 1998, when a weightlifter attended the games held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two table tennis players attended the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England; Tuvalu entered competitors in shooting, table tennis and weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia; three athletes participated in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, entering the discus, shot put and weightlifting events; and a team of 3 weightlifters and 2 table tennis players attended the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Tuvaluan athletes have also participated in the men's and women's 100 metre sprints at the World Championships in Athletics from 2009.

Q1: What is a major annual sports event in Tuvalu?
A1: Independence Day Sports Festival
Q2: What is the most important sports event held on Tuvalu?
A2: Tuvalu Games
Q3: In what year did Tuvalu first appear in the Commonwealth Games?
A3: 1998
Q4: What type of competitor entered the commonwealth Games in 1998?
A4: weightlifter
Q5: What competitions have Tuvalu athletes entered in the World Championships in Athletics?
A5: 100 metre sprints
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A major turning point in the development of DC machines took place in 1864, when Antonio Pacinotti described for the first time the ring armature with its symmetrically grouped coils closed upon themselves and connected to the bars of a commutator, the brushes of which delivered practically non-fluctuating current. The first commercially successful DC motors followed the invention by Zénobe Gramme who, in 1871, reinvented Pacinotti's design. In 1873, Gramme showed that his dynamo could be used as a motor, which he demonstrated to great effect at exhibitions in Vienna and Philadelphia by connecting two such DC motors at a distance of up to 2 km away from each other, one as a generator. (See also 1873 : l'expérience décisive [Decisive Workaround] .)

Q1: What made Pacinotti's motor an important advancement?
A1: non-fluctuating current
Q2: Who created a motor similar to Pacinotti?
A2: Zénobe Gramme
Q3: How far from each other were the motors in Gramme's demonstrations?
A3: 2 km
Q4: Besides a motor, what did Gramme use the other device for?
A4: generator
Q5: In what two cities did Gramme conduct his demonstrations?
A5: Vienna and Philadelphia
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.

Q1: What country did the mandolin originate from?
A1: Italian
Q2: What does mandolin translate to? 
A2: small mandola
Q3: What musical family does the mandolin come from?
A3: lute family
Q4: How is the mandolin usually played?
A4: usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick"
Q5: How many courses does a mandolin commonly have? 
A5: four
Title: Beer
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment. The highest density of breweries in the world, most of them microbreweries, exists in the German Region of Franconia, especially in the district of Upper Franconia, which has about 200 breweries. The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria, Germany, can trace its roots to the year 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world.

Q1: What is a brewery called that makes a small amount of beer?
A1: microbrewery
Q2: In general, how much beer can a microbrewery make and still be classified as a microbrewery?
A2: around 15,000 barrels
Q3: What would you call a microbrewery that also has a restaurant or a pub?
A3: brewpub
Q4: What city is home to the oldest known brewery in the world that is still active?
A4: Freising
Q5: What year was The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery first licensed as a brewery?
A5: 1040
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

A minibus offers a basic service to carry people around Saint Helena, with most services designed to take people into Jamestown for a few hours on weekdays to conduct their business. Car hire is available for visitors.

Q1: What kind of vehicle offers basic transportation to people in Saint Helena?
A1: A minibus
Q2: Where does the minibus travel to?
A2: Jamestown
Q3: On what days does the minibus take people into Jamestown?
A3: weekdays
Title: Baptists
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A minority view is that early seventeenth-century Baptists were influenced by (but not directly connected to) continental Anabaptists. According to this view, the General Baptists shared similarities with Dutch Waterlander Mennonites (one of many Anabaptist groups) including believer's baptism only, religious liberty, separation of church and state, and Arminian views of salvation, predestination and original sin. Representative writers including A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley wrote that among some contemporary Baptist scholars who emphasize the faith of the community over soul liberty, the Anabaptist influence theory is making a comeback.

Q1: Who was thought to be influenced by continental Anabaptists?
A1: early seventeenth-century Baptists
Q2: Early seventeenth-century Baptists were thought to be influenced by who?
A2: continental Anabaptists
Q3: General Baptists shared similarities with who?
A3: Dutch Waterlander Mennonites
Q4: Who are two representative writers?
A4: A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley
Q5: What were the Dutch Waterlander Mennonites?
A5: one of many Anabaptist groups
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H+
3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays. This charged ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of the planet Jupiter. The ion is relatively stable in the environment of outer space due to the low temperature and density. H+
3 is one of the most abundant ions in the Universe, and it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Neutral triatomic hydrogen H3 can only exist in an excited form and is unstable. By contrast, the positive hydrogen molecular ion (H+
2) is a rare molecule in the universe.

Q1: What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?
A1: protonated molecular hydrogen
Q2: What generates protonated molecular hydrogen?
A2: ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays
Q3: On what planet can you find  protonated molecular hydrogen?
A3: Jupiter
Q4: In what way can Neutral triatomic hydrogen exist?
A4: excited form
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

A molecule of dietary fat typically consists of several fatty acids (containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms), bonded to a glycerol. They are typically found as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to one glycerol backbone). Fats may be classified as saturated or unsaturated depending on the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains bonded to hydrogen atoms, whereas unsaturated fats have some of these carbon atoms double-bonded, so their molecules have relatively fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fatty acid of the same length. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as monounsaturated (one double-bond) or polyunsaturated (many double-bonds). Furthermore, depending on the location of the double-bond in the fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acids are classified as omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat with trans-isomer bonds; these are rare in nature and in foods from natural sources; they are typically created in an industrial process called (partial) hydrogenation. There are nine kilocalories in each gram of fat. Fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid, catalpic acid, eleostearic acid and punicic acid, in addition to providing energy, represent potent immune modulatory molecules.

Q1: Dietary fat can be said to consist of fatty acids bonded to which molecule?
A1: glycerol
Q2: How many glycerol backbones does a triglyceride contain?
A2: one
Q3: What needs to be examined to determine whether a fat can be classified as saturated or unsaturated?
A3: the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved
Q4: Which element is present that is bonded to all of the carbons in a saturated fat?
A4: hydrogen
Q5: What kind of fat can a trans fat be categorized as?
A5: unsaturated fat
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

A month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome after the reform, notes at the bottom that it was signed with papal authorization and by Lilio (Con licentia delli Superiori... et permissu Ant(onii) Lilij). The papal brief was later revoked, on 20 September 1582, because Antonio Lilio proved unable to keep up with the demand for copies.

Q1: When were the rights to publish the calendar granted?
A1: 3 April 1582
Q2: Who awarded the rights to publish the calendar?
A2: the pope
Q3: What problem caused the papal brief granting the right to publish to be withdrawn?
A3: demand for copies
Q4: When were the rights to print the calendar withdrawn?
A4: 20 September 1582
Q5: Where were the first calendars printed?
A5: Rome
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

A month after the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, several players from Barcelona enlisted in the ranks of those who fought against the military uprising, along with players from Athletic Bilbao. On 6 August, Falangist soldiers near Guadarrama murdered club president Josep Sunyol, a representative of the pro-independence political party. He was dubbed the martyr of barcelonisme, and his murder was a defining moment in the history of FC Barcelona and Catalan identity. In the summer of 1937, the squad was on tour in Mexico and the United States, where it was received as an ambassador of the Second Spanish Republic. The tour led to the financial security of the club, but also resulted in half of the team seeking asylum in Mexico and France, making it harder for the remaining team to contest for trophies.

Q1: Who was murdered on 6 August, 1936?
A1: Josep Sunyol
Q2: Besides being club president, what was Sunyol involved in to have caused his murder?
A2: pro-independence political party
Q3: What was Sunyol called after his death?
A3: martyr
Q4: What was club Barcelona considered to represent when on tour in 1937?
A4: Second Spanish Republic
Q5: Where did half of the Barcelona team seek asylum in 1937?
A5: Mexico and France
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it.

Q1: How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry?
A1: 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city
Q2: What large item is abandoned at the Quarry?
A2: a gigantic stele
Q3: How long ago was the stele abandoned?
A3: 600 years ago
Q4: Why was the stele abandoned?
A4: it was impossible to move or complete it
Q5: Who ordered the creation of the stele?
A5: the Yongle Emperor
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

A more accurate description of the hydrogen atom comes from a purely quantum mechanical treatment that uses the Schrödinger equation, Dirac equation or even the Feynman path integral formulation to calculate the probability density of the electron around the proton. The most complicated treatments allow for the small effects of special relativity and vacuum polarization. In the quantum mechanical treatment, the electron in a ground state hydrogen atom has no angular momentum at all—an illustration of how the "planetary orbit" conception of electron motion differs from reality.

Q1: What kind of movement does the electron not have in ground state?
A1: angular
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.

Q1: What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?
A1: rhythmic oldies
Q2: What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?
A2: 1960s
Q3: What is the most recent decade music from which music can be heard on a rhythmic oldies station?
A3: 1990s
Q4: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?
A4: African-Americans
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

A more recent study by science historian John van Wyhe has determined that the idea that Darwin delayed publication only dates back to the 1940s, and Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable. Darwin always finished one book before starting another. While he was researching, he told many people about his interest in transmutation without causing outrage. He firmly intended to publish, but it was not until September 1854 that he could work on it full-time. His estimate that writing his "big book" would take five years was optimistic.

Q1: What did Darwin's contemporaries think of the long delays on his publishing?
A1: Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable
Q2: What was Darwin's process on writing his books?
A2: Darwin always finished one book before starting another
Q3: What was Darwin's original estimate for the amount of time his book would take to write?
A3: five years
Q4: Which scientist's study theorized that the idea of Darwin's work being delayed dates to the 1940s?
A4: John van Wyhe