LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

During the Pacific War Funafuti was used as a base to prepare for the subsequent seaborn attacks on the Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) that were occupied by Japanese forces. The United States Marine Corps landed on Funafuti on 2 October 1942 and on Nanumea and Nukufetau in August 1943. The Japanese had already occupied Tarawa and other islands in what is now Kiribati, but were delayed by the losses at the Battle of the Coral Sea. The islanders assisted the American forces to build airfields on Funafuti, Nanumea and Nukufetau and to unload supplies from ships. On Funafuti the islanders shifted to the smaller islets so as to allow the American forces to build the airfield and to build naval bases and port facilities on Fongafale. A Naval Construction Battalion (Seabees) built a sea plane ramp on the lagoon side of Fongafale islet for seaplane operations by both short and long range seaplanes and a compacted coral runway was also constructed on Fongafale, with runways also constructed to create Nanumea Airfield and Nukufetau Airfield. USN Patrol Torpedo Boats (PTs) were based at Funafuti from 2 November 1942 to 11 May 1944.

Q1: For what purpose was Funafuti used during the Pacific War? 
A1: a base
Q2: What group occupied the Gilbert Islands?
A2: Japanese forces
Q3: What action delayed the Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands?
A3: Battle of the Coral Sea
Q4: From what time span were USN Torpedo Boats stationed at Funafuti?
A4: 2 November 1942 to 11 May 1944
Q5: On what islet did US forces build a seaplane ramp?
A5: Fongafale
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.

Q1: When, during the partitions of Poland, did the szlachta lose legal and social status. 
A1: 1772 to 1795
Q2: What was one name of a power that the szlachta was dependent on.
A2: Russian Empire
Q3: When was the March constitution implemented.
A3: 1921
Q4: What did the Mach constitution do?
A4: legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished
Q5: In what republic did the szlachta lose their legal privileges. 
A5: Second Polish Republic
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989. The collapse of the Soviet Union led to the restoration of Republic of Estonia's independence. Estonian went back to being the only state language in Estonia which in practice meant that use of Estonian was promoted while the use of Russian was discouraged.

Q1: What historical event once again freed Estonia?
A1: collapse of the Soviet Union
Q2: Following the Soviet collapse what became the only official Estonian Language?
A2: Estonian
Q3: What language was no longer promoted as one of Estonia's main languages?
A3: Russian
Q4: What came into being in January 1989?
A4: The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language
Title: Geological_history_of_Earth
Topic: Natural sciences

During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys to shrink. A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. Large continental landmasses create climates with extreme variations of heat and cold ("continental climate") and monsoon conditions with highly seasonal rainfall patterns. Deserts seem to have been widespread on Pangaea.

Q1: What supercontinent prevailed during the Permian era?
A1: Pangaea
Q2: What was the largest ocean during the Permian called?
A2: Panthalassa
Q3: There was an ocean between Gondwana and Asia in the Permian, what was it?
A3: Paleo-Tethys Ocean
Q4: The moving of which continent contributed to the decrease in size of the Paleo-Tethys?
A4: Cimmeria
Q5: During which period was the Tehtys Ocean dominant?
A5: the Mesozoic Era
Title: Baptists
Topic: Philosophy and religion

During the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England (Anglicans) separated from the Roman Catholic Church. There were some Christians who were not content with the achievements of the mainstream Protestant Reformation. There also were Christians who were disappointed that the Church of England had not made corrections of what some considered to be errors and abuses. Of those most critical of the Church's direction, some chose to stay and try to make constructive changes from within the Anglican Church. They became known as "Puritans" and are described by Gourley as cousins of the English Separatists. Others decided they must leave the Church because of their dissatisfaction and became known as the Separatists.

Q1: When did the Church of England separate from the Roman Catholic Church?
A1: During the Protestant Reformation
Q2: Who separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation?
A2: the Church of England
Q3: During the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England (Anglicans) separated from who?
A3: the Roman Catholic Church
Q4: Puritans are described by Gourley as what?
A4: cousins of the English Separatists
Q5: Others decided they must leave the Church because of their dissatisfaction and became known as what?
A5: Separatists
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

During the Reformation, the term was hardly used outside of the German politics. The word evangelical (German: evangelisch), which refers to the gospel, was much more widely used for those involved in the religious movement. Nowadays, this word is still preferred among some of the historical Protestant denominations, above all the ones in the German-speaking area such as the EKD. The German word evangelisch means Protestant, and is different from the German evangelikal, which refers to churches shaped by Evangelicalism. The English word evangelical usually refers to Evangelical Protestant churches, and therefore not to Protestantism as a whole. It traces its roots back to the Puritans in England, where Evangelicalism originated, and then was brought to the United States. The word reformatorisch is used as an alternative for evangelisch in German, and is different from English reformed (German: reformiert), which refers to churches shaped by ideas of John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli and other Reformed theologians.

Q1: From what language does the term evangelical originate?
A1: German
Q2: What German word refers to the gospel or being Protestant?
A2: evangelisch
Q3: What English word for a church began with the Puritans in England?
A3: evangelical
Q4: Name two contributors to Reformed churches.
A4: John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli
Q5: Who brought Evangelicalism to the U.S.?
A5: the Puritans
Title: Dutch_Republic
Topic: History

During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on Roman Catholics, being the religion of the enemy. In 17th-century Leiden, for instance, people opening their homes to services could be fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city. Throughout this, however, personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor – along with economic reasons – in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe.

Q1: What did any person who wanted to hold public office need to conform to during the Republic?
A1: the Reformed Church
Q2: The degree to which different religions were persecuted depended on what?
A2: the time period and regional or city leaders
Q3: What was the punishment for people who opened their homes to Catholic services during 17th-century Leiden?
A3: fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city
Q4: What was one reason for the large amounts of immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe?
A4: personal freedom of religion
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

During the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian became the official national language of the new Italian state, while the various unofficial regional languages of Italy gradually became regarded as subordinate "dialects" to Italian, increasingly associated negatively with lack of education or provincialism. However, at the time of the Italian Unification, standard Italian still existed mainly as a literary language, and only 2.5% of Italy's population could speak standard Italian.

Q1: What Italian nationalist spoke of the importance of a national Italian language?
A1: Alessandro Manzoni
Q2: During what period was the importance of having an Italian national language raised?
A2: the Risorgimento
Q3: In what decade was Italy unified?
A3: 1860s
Q4: What percentage of Italians spoke standard Italian when Italy was first unified?
A4: 2.5%
Q5: When Italy was unified, what was named the official national language?
A5: standard Italian
Title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD. Ultimately, deals with both Sony and Philips fell through, (although a prototype console was produced by Sony) with Philips gaining the right to release a series of titles based on Nintendo franchises for its CD-i multimedia player and Sony going on to develop its own console based on its initial dealings with Nintendo (the PlayStation).

Q1: Which companies did Nintendo try to get to make a CD add-on for the SNES?
A1: Sony and Philips
Q2: What was Philips' multimedia system?
A2: CD-i
Q3: What competing console did Sony release after working with Nintendo?
A3: PlayStation
Q4: What was Sega's CD add-on?
A4: Mega-CD
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

During the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and culture of the Tamil people of this period. The scholars of the Sangam period rose from among the common people who sought the patronage of the Tamil Kings but who mainly wrote about the common people and their concerns. Unlike Sanskrit writers who were mostly Brahmins, Sangam writers came from diverse classes and social backgrounds and were mostly non-Brahmins. They belonged to different faiths and professions like farmers, artisans, merchants, monks, priests and even princes and quite few of them were even women.

Q1: During what period did Tamil literature thrive?
A1: Sangam period
Q2: How many Tamil dynasties ruled during the Sangam period?
A2: 3
Q3: What was the extent of the Sangam period?
A3: 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE
Q4: In what part of India did the Tamil dynasties rule?
A4: southern India
Q5: How were Tamil writers different from earlier Sanskrit writers?
A5: non-Brahmins
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

During the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants. This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or the place of crossing. The Romans, however, had built roads along the mountain passes, which continued to be used through the medieval period to cross the mountains and Roman road markers can still be found on the mountain passes.

Q1: When was the Second Punic War?
A1: 218 BC
Q2: Who was the Carthaginian general?
A2: Hannibal
Q3: What did the Romans build along the mountain passes?
A3: roads
Q4: What can still be found on the mountain passes?
A4: Roman road markers
Title: Zhejiang
Topic: Geography and places

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, which led into World War II, much of Zhejiang was occupied by Japan and placed under the control of the Japanese puppet state known as the Reorganized National Government of China. Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The Imperial Japanese Army began the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign to intimidate the Chinese out of helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians while searching for Doolittle’s men.

Q1: What war did the Second Sino-Japanese War lead into?
A1: World War II
Q2: Who occupied much of Zhejiang during the Second Sino-Japanese War?
A2: Japan
Q3: How many estimated civilians were killed by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men?
A3: 250,000
Q4: What type of American crews came down in China following the Doolittle raid?
A4: B-25
Q5: The Japanese puppet state that occupied Zhejiang was called what?
A5: the Reorganized National Government of China
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

During the Second World War, General Dornberger was the military head of the army's rocket program, Zanssen became the commandant of the Peenemünde army rocket centre, and von Braun was the technical director of the ballistic missile program. They would lead the team that built the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, which became the first vehicle to reach outer space during its test flight program in 1942 and 1943. By 1943, Germany began mass-producing the A-4 as the Vergeltungswaffe 2 ("Vengeance Weapon" 2, or more commonly, V2), a ballistic missile with a 320 kilometers (200 mi) range carrying a 1,130 kilograms (2,490 lb) warhead at 4,000 kilometers per hour (2,500 mph). Its supersonic speed meant there was no defense against it, and radar detection provided little warning. Germany used the weapon to bombard southern England and parts of Allied-liberated western Europe from 1944 until 1945. After the war, the V-2 became the basis of early American and Soviet rocket designs.

Q1: During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program?
A1: General Dornberger
Q2: What was the first object to enter space?
A2: Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket
Q3: When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space?
A3: 1942 and 1943
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Topic: History

During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed. Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations. He made countering every federal crime a top priority, including the prevention of terrorism, countering foreign intelligence operations, addressing cyber security threats, other high-tech crimes, protecting civil rights, combating public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and major acts of violent crime.

Q1: What FBI agent was killed during attacks on the World Trade Center?
A1: Leonard W. Hatton Jr
Q2: What tower was Leonard W. Hatton Jr attempting to evacuate?
A2: South Tower
Q3: What did the FBI's new director want?
A3: re-engineering
Q4: What was the new head of the FBI's top priority?
A4: countering every federal crime
Q5: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re-engineer?
A5: structure and operations
Title: Russian_language
Topic: Language and literature

During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Following the break-up of the USSR in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued.

Q1: When did the USSR dissolve?
A1: 1991
Q2: When did the USSR make Russian the official language?
A2: 1990
Q3: What unofficial status did Russian have in the USSR before 1990?
A3: the unifying role and superior status
Title: Hokkien
Topic: Language and literature

During the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China, there was constant warfare occurring in the Central Plain of China. Northerners began to enter into Fujian region, causing the region to incorporate parts of northern Chinese dialects. However, the massive migration of northern Han Chinese into Fujian region mainly occurred after the Disaster of Yongjia. The Jìn court fled from the north to the south, causing large numbers of northern Han Chinese to move into Fujian region. They brought the old Chinese — spoken in Central Plain of China from prehistoric era to 3rd century — into Fujian. This then gradually evolved into the Quanzhou dialect.

Q1: The Three Kings Period was a period of time in what country?
A1: China
Q2: Where was war concentrated during the Three Kings Period?
A2: the Central Plain of China
Q3: What disaster caused a massive migration in the Fujiian region?
A3: the Disaster of Yongjia
Q4: What language was spoken in the central plain of China up until the 3rd century?
A4: old Chinese
Q5: What direction did the jin court flee during the Three Kings period?
A5: north to the south
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

During the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period). By the end of the Tokugawa era, samurai were aristocratic bureaucrats for the daimyo, with their daisho, the paired long and short swords of the samurai (cf. katana and wakizashi) becoming more of a symbolic emblem of power rather than a weapon used in daily life. They still had the legal right to cut down any commoner who did not show proper respect kiri-sute gomen (斬り捨て御免?), but to what extent this right was used is unknown. When the central government forced daimyos to cut the size of their armies, unemployed rōnin became a social problem.

Q1: When were samurai becoming less warrior-like?
A1: During the Tokugawa shogunate
Q2: When had samurai last been used in battle?
A2: the early 17th century
Q3: What was another name for the Tokugawa era?
A3: the Edo period
Q4: What was the samurai's long sword called?
A4: katana
Q5: What was the samurai's short sword called?
A5: wakizashi
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

During the Tudor period the Reformation produced a gradual shift to Protestantism, much of London passing from church to private ownership. The traffic in woollen cloths shipped undyed and undressed from London to the nearby shores of the Low Countries, where it was considered indispensable. But the tentacles of English maritime enterprise hardly extended beyond the seas of north-west Europe. The commercial route to Italy and the Mediterranean Sea normally lay through Antwerp and over the Alps; any ships passing through the Strait of Gibraltar to or from England were likely to be Italian or Ragusan. Upon the re-opening of the Netherlands to English shipping in January 1565, there ensued a strong outburst of commercial activity. The Royal Exchange was founded. Mercantilism grew, and monopoly trading companies such as the East India Company were established, with trade expanding to the New World. London became the principal North Sea port, with migrants arriving from England and abroad. The population rose from an estimated 50,000 in 1530 to about 225,000 in 1605.

Q1: In what era did the Protestant Reformation occur?
A1: the Tudor period
Q2: What event greatly boosted English shipping and commerce?
A2: the re-opening of the Netherlands to English shipping
Q3: What phenomenon did the Reformation bring about?
A3: a gradual shift to Protestantism
Q4: Typically what were the nationalities of ships that traveled to and from England via the Straight of Gibraltar?
A4: Italian or Ragusan
Q5: When was England again able to ship to the Netherlands?
A5: January 1565
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore.

Q1: Which pope began using creati et reservati in pectore?
A1: Pope Martin V
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

Q1: What island was once a part of Long Island?
A1: Staten Island
Q2: During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep?
A2: the Wisconsinan glaciation
Q3: Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon?
A3: ice sheet
Title: Tennessee
Topic: Geography and places

During the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, nearly 17,000 Cherokees—along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees—were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas. During this relocation an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way west. In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—"the Trail Where We Cried." The Cherokees were not the only American Indians forced to emigrate as a result of the Indian removal efforts of the United States, and so the phrase "Trail of Tears" is sometimes used to refer to similar events endured by other American Indian peoples, especially among the "Five Civilized Tribes". The phrase originated as a description of the earlier emigration of the Choctaw nation.

Q1: Which US President oversaw the forced westward relocation of Cherokees beginning in 1838?
A1: Martin Van Buren
Q2: How many Cherokee-owned black slaves were also relocated between 1838 and 1839?
A2: 2,000
Q3: What Cherokee phrase means "the trail where we cried?"
A3: Nunna daul Isunyi
Q4: Which Native American nation's emigration was first associated with the term "Trail of Tears?"
A4: Choctaw
Q5: Approximately how many Cherokees died along their "Trail of Tears?"
A5: 4,000
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against. But, they had limited rights and overall had slightly better socioeconomic conditions than those classed as "Black". The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townships located away from the cities as areas for Blacks.

Q1: Who was oppressed and discriminated against?
A1: those classed as "Coloured"
Q2: What era did this discrimination take place?
A2: During the apartheid era
Q3: Who were "Coloured" people above in the class system?
A3: those classed as "Black"
Q4: Where were the "black" areas?
A4: large townships located away from the cities
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

During the board process an officer's record is reviewed by a selection board at the Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. At the 10 to 11 year mark, captains will take part in a selection board to major. If not selected, they will meet a follow-on board to determine if they will be allowed to remain in the Air Force. Promotion from major to lieutenant colonel is similar and occurs approximately between the thirteen year (for officers who were promoted to major early "below the zone") and the fifteen year mark, where a certain percentage of majors will be selected below zone (i.e., "early"), in zone (i.e., "on time") or above zone (i.e., "late") for promotion to lieutenant colonel. This process will repeat at the 16 year mark (for officers previously promoted early to major and lieutenant colonel) to the 21 year mark for promotion to full colonel.

Q1: Where is an officer's record in the USAF reviewed for a promotion?
A1: Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base
Q2: What state is the Randolph Air Force Base located in? 
A2: Texas
Q3: When does promotion from major to lieutenant colonel in the USAF typically occur?
A3: thirteen year
Q4: The promotion process repeats when for officers promoted early in the USAF?
A4: 16 year mark
Title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)
Topic: History

During the campaign for the United Kingdom general election, 2010, The Independent ran ads declaring that "Rupert Murdoch won't decide this election – you will." In response James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade "appeared unannounced and uninvited on the editorial floor" of the Independent, and had an energetic conversation with its editor Simon Kelner. Several days later the Independent reported The Sun's failure to report its own YouGov poll result which said that "if people thought Mr Clegg's party had a significant chance of winning the election" the Liberal Democrats would win 49% of the vote, and with it a landslide majority.

Q1: Who showed up on the editorial floor of the Independent?
A1: James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade
Q2: Who was the editor of the Independent?
A2: Simon Kelner
Q3: What did The Sun neglect to report concerning the upcoming election?
A3: its own YouGov poll result
Q4: Who did the Independent state wouldn't decide the election?
A4: Rupert Murdoch
Q5: What year was the United Kingdom general election?
A5: 2010
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

During the campaign, Bonaparte became increasingly influential in French politics. He founded two newspapers: one for the troops in his army and another for circulation in France. The royalists attacked Bonaparte for looting Italy and warned that he might become a dictator. All told, Napoleon's forces extracted an estimated $45 million in funds from Italy during their campaign there, another $12 million in precious metals and jewels; atop that, his forces confiscated more than three-hundred priceless paintings and sculptures. Bonaparte sent General Pierre Augereau to Paris to lead a coup d'état and purge the royalists on 4 September—Coup of 18 Fructidor. This left Barras and his Republican allies in control again but dependent on Bonaparte, who proceeded to peace negotiations with Austria. These negotiations resulted in the Treaty of Campo Formio, and Bonaparte returned to Paris in December as a hero. He met Talleyrand, France's new Foreign Minister—who later served in the same capacity for Emperor Napoleon—and they began to prepare for an invasion of Britain.

Q1: For what action during the Italian campaign did the royalists condemn Bonaparte?
A1: looting
Q2: About how much money did Napoleon's army take from Italy during the conflict there?
A2: $45 million
Q3: Approximately how many valuable paintings and sculpture's did Napoleon's forces loot from Italy during the campaign there?
A3: three-hundred
Q4: What was the name of the general sent to Paris by Napoleon to organize a coup against the royalists there?
A4: Pierre Augereau
Q5: Napoleon's peace negotiations with Austria brought about what treaty?
A5: the Treaty of Campo Formio
Title: Carnival
Topic: Philosophy and religion

During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.

Q1: What are built in many places through the cities?
A1: tablados
Q2: What do the different Carnival groups perform together?
A2: opera
Q3: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?
A3: the social and political situation
Q4: What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?
A4: candombe
Q5: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?
A5: sensual
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughout this period, the people of County of Portugal as Galicians found themselves struggling to maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture, whenever the status of the Kingdom of Galicia changed in relation to the Kingdom of Leon. As a result of political division, Galician-Portuguese lost its unity when the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia (a dependent kingdom of Leon) to establish the Kingdom of Portugal. The Galician and Portuguese versions of the language then diverged over time as they followed independent evolutionary paths. This began occurring when the Kingdom of Leon and the Kingdom of Castile united and the Castilian Language (known as Spanish) slowly over the centuries began influencing the Galician Language and then trying to replace it. The same thing happened to Astur-Leonese Language to the point where it is greatly reduced or completely replaced by the Castilian (Spanish Language).

Q1: During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with?
A1: maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture
Q2: The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what?
A2: the Kingdom of Portugal
Q3: Portugese diverged from which language? 
A3: Galician
Q4: What is the Castilian Lanugage known as?
A4: Spanish
Q5: By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?
A5: Castilian (Spanish Language)
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

During the ceremony of initiation, the candidate is expected to swear (usually on a volume of sacred text appropriate to his personal religious faith) to fulfil certain obligations as a Mason. In the course of three degrees, new masons will promise to keep the secrets of their degree from lower degrees and outsiders, and to support a fellow Mason in distress (as far as practicality and the law permit). There is instruction as to the duties of a Freemason, but on the whole, Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying. Some will further explore the ritual and symbolism of the craft, others will focus their involvement on the social side of the Lodge, while still others will concentrate on the charitable functions of the lodge.

Q1: When does a candidate swear to fullfil his obligations as a Mason?
A1: During the ceremony of initiation
Q2: What does a candidate swear on?
A2: usually on a volume of sacred text
Q3: How many degrees must a Mason swear to keep the secrets from outsiders?
A3: three degrees
Q4: Are Freemasons free to explore the craft?
A4: Freemasons are left to explore the craft in the manner they find most satisfying
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop out after the tree has been sawn into boards.

Q1: What will the lower limbs of a tree usually do during development?
A1: die
Q2: For what length of time can a dead lower limb stay attached to a tree?
A2: years
Q3: Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?
A3: around it
Q4: Are the knots that dead tree limbs form attached or not attached?
A4: not attached
Q5: A detached knot will probably drop out of the wood when someone saws it into what?
A5: boards
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

During the dictatorships of Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) and especially of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (Castilian) itself, were officially banned. Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Barça became 'More than a club' (Més que un club) for the Catalans. According to Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Barça. It was less risky than joining a clandestine anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence. During Franco's regime, however, the blaugrana team was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him.

Q1: What caused the suppression of regional cultures?
A1: dictatorships
Q2: Of the languages of the are, what was the only approved language?
A2: Spanish (Castilian)
Q3: How did the Catalans show their identity during the dictatorships?
A3: joining Barça
Q4: What team was awarded by Franco for having a good relationship?
A4: blaugrana
Q5: What motto of the team Barcelona appealed to the Catalans?
A5: 'More than a club'
Title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

During the difficult 1930s of the Great Depression, government at all levels was integral to creating jobs. The city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium was dedicated. The North Carolina Symphony, founded the same year, performed in its new home. From 1934 to 1937, the federal Civilian Conservation Corps constructed the area now known as William B. Umstead State Park. In 1939, the State General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham, with the first flight occurring in 1943.

Q1: When was the Great Depression?
A1: 1930s
Q2: What did the city provide during the Great Depression?
A2: recreational and educational programs
Q3: What was dedicated in 1932?
A3: Raleigh Memorial Auditorium
Q4: What year was the North Carolina Symphony founded?
A4: 1932
Q5: What was charted in 1939?
A5: Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham,
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

During the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line. Polyphonic vocal genres, which used multiple independent vocal melodies, began to develop during the high medieval era, becoming prevalent by the later 13th and early 14th century.

Q1: What genre was predominately Gregorian chant during the earlier medieval period?
A1: liturgical
Q2: What genre uses multiple independent vocal melodies?
A2: Polyphonic vocal genres
Q3: When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?
A3: during the high medieval era
Q4: What word means using a single unaccompanied vocal melody line?
A4: monophonic
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

During the early 2000s, the USAF fumbled several high profile aircraft procurement projects, such as the missteps on the KC-X program. Winslow Wheeler has written that this pattern represents "failures of intellect and – much more importantly – ethics." As a result, the USAF fleet is setting new records for average aircraft age and needs to replace its fleets of fighters, bombers, airborne tankers, and airborne warning aircraft, in an age of restrictive defense budgets. Finally in the midst of scandal and failure in maintaining its nuclear arsenal, the civilian and military leaders of the air force were replaced in 2008.

Q1: When did the USAF have several missteps of aircraft procurement projects? 
A1: early 2000s
Q2: Who wrote that these aircraft procurement projects were a failure of intellect and ethics?
A2: Winslow Wheeler
Q3: When were the military leaders replaced after a scandal over failure to maintain its nuclear arsenal? 
A3: 2008
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.

Q1: In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?
A1: cremated
Q2: In what year was Sir Henry Irving cremated?
A2: 1905
Q3: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014?
A3: Frances Challen
Q4: What family has the Northumberland Vault?
A4: Percy Family
Title: Miami
Topic: Geography and places

During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman."

Q1: Who was a notable chief of the Miami police?
A1: H. Leslie Quigg
Q2: To what controversial organization did a Miami chief of police belong?
A2: Ku Klux Klan
Q3: For what reason did H. Leslie Quigg kill a black man?
A3: speaking directly to a white woman
Q4: What was the occupation of the African-American man killed by Quigg?
A4: bellboy
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

During the early High Middle Ages, Germany was ruled by the Ottonian dynasty, which struggled to control the powerful dukes ruling over territorial duchies tracing back to the Migration period. In 1024, they were replaced by the Salian dynasty, who famously clashed with the papacy under Emperor Henry IV (r. 1084–1105) over church appointments as part of the Investiture Controversy. His successors continued to struggle against the papacy as well as the German nobility. A period of instability followed the death of Emperor Henry V (r. 1111–25), who died without heirs, until Frederick I Barbarossa (r. 1155–90) took the imperial throne. Although he ruled effectively, the basic problems remained, and his successors continued to struggle into the 13th century. Barbarossa's grandson Frederick II (r. 1220–1250), who was also heir to the throne of Sicily through his mother, clashed repeatedly with the papacy. His court was famous for its scholars and he was often accused of heresy. He and his successors faced many difficulties, including the invasion of the Mongols into Europe in the mid-13th century. Mongols first shattered the Kievan Rus' principalities and then invaded Eastern Europe in 1241, 1259, and 1287.

Q1: What dynasty controlled Germany in the early High Middle Ages?
A1: Ottonian
Q2: What dynasty ruled Germany starting in 1024?
A2: Salian
Q3: When did Henry IV's reign begin?
A3: 1084
Q4: The clash between Henry IV and the pope was part of what greater conflict?
A4: Investiture Controversy
Q5: What was the regnal name of Frederick I Barbarossa's grandson?
A5: Frederick II
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world."

Q1: In what year did the Cold War begin?
A1: 1946
Q2: How many nuclear weapons were tested in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958?
A2: 67
Q3: What was the name of the United States' largest atmospheric nuclear test?
A3: Castle Bravo
Q4: What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons?
A4: 108,496
Q5: Which of the Marshall Islands was destroyed in a United States hydrogen bomb test?
A5: Elugelab
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, called MCA Videodisc until 1984, began reissuing many DiscoVision titles. Unfortunately, quite a few, such as Battlestar Galactica and Jaws, were time-compressed versions of their CAV or CLV Disco Vision originals. The time-compressed CLV re-issue of Jaws no longer had the original soundtrack, having had incidental background music replaced for the video disc version due to licensing cost (the music would not be available until the THX LaserDisc box set was released in 1995). One Universal/Columbia co-production issued by MCA Disco Vision in both CAV and CLV versions, The Electric Horseman, is still not available in any other home video format with its original score intact; even the most recent DVD release has had substantial music replacements of both instrumental score and Willie Nelson's songs. An MCA release of Universal's Howard the Duck, sees only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film. For many years this was the only disc-based release of the film, until widescreen DVD formats were released with extras. Also, the LaserDisc release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is the only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster telling off Elliott for letting the frogs free in the biology class.

Q1: What other companies did MCA manufacture discs for?
A1: Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros
Q2: What quirk is present in MCA's release of Howard the Duck?
A2: only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film
Q3: What is unique about the LaserDisc release of E.T.?
A3: only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster
Q4: Which film is only available with its original score in LD format , even today?
A4: The Electric Horseman
Title: Hunting
Topic: Sports and recreation

During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.

Q1: What was hunting regarded as in British India?
A1: regal sport
Q2: What does the Indian word "shikaris" mean in English?
A2: big-game hunters
Q3: What did British officers maintain whole corps of?
A3: shikaris
Q4: Why did the regals recruit low-ranking local tribes when hunting?
A4: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques
Q5: What could a Bengal tiger be hunted from the back of?
A5: an elephant
Q6: Where was hunting reguarded as a regal sport?
A6: British India
Q7: What is hunted from the back of an elephant?
A7: Bengal tigers
Q8: Who did British officers maintain?
A8: shikaris
Q9: Who were the shikaris headed by?
A9: master of the hunt
Q10: Why were low-ranking local tribes recruited?
A10: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

During the fighting, the Communards killed c. 500 people, including the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune. More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000. Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted. Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported. About 20,000 Communards were held in prison hulks until released in 1872 and a great many Communards fled abroad to England, Switzerland, Belgium or the United States. The survivors were amnestied by a bill introduced by Gambetta in 1880 and allowed to return.

Q1: How many were killed by the Communards?
A1: 500 people
Q2: Which religious official was also killed during the fighting?
A2: Archbishop of Paris
Q3: What type of buildings were especially targeted to be burned down?
A3: government buildings
Q4: What famous palace was also burned down?
A4: Tuileries Palace
Q5: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed?
A5: between 6,000 and 10,000