LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the President of the Somali Republic and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister (later to become President from 1967 to 1969). On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, the people of Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. In 1967, Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal became Prime Minister, a position to which he was appointed by Shermarke. Egal would later become the President of the autonomous Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia.

Q1: On what date did British Somaliland gain independence?
A1: 26 June 1960
Q2: What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence?
A2: the State of Somaliland
Q3: What state formed the Somali Republic with British Somaliland?
A3: the Trust Territory of Somalia
Q4: On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite?
A4: 1 July 1960
Q5: Who was the first President of the Somali Republic?
A5: Aden Abdullah Osman Daar
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

British air doctrine, since the time of Chief of the Air Staff Hugh Trenchard in the early 1920s, had stressed offence was the best means of defence. British defensive strategy revolved around offensive action, what became known as the cult of the offensive. To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain, RAF's Bomber Command would destroy Luftwaffe aircraft on their own bases, aircraft in their factories and fuel reserves by attacking oil plants. This philosophy was impractical as Bomber Command lacked the technology and equipment and needed several years to develop it. This strategy retarded the development of fighter defences in the 1930s. Dowding agreed air defence would require some offensive action, and fighters could not defend Britain alone. Until September 1940, the RAF lacked specialist night-fighting aircraft and relied on anti-aircraft units which were poorly equipped and lacking in numbers.

Q1: What did the British offence become know as?
A1: cult of the offensive
Q2: Why was the tactic of bombing German aircraft bases, factories and fuel reserves impractical?
A2: lacked the technology and equipment
Q3: Until 1940 what type of aircraft did the RAF lacked?
A3: specialist night-fighting
Q4: What was wrong with the anti aircraft units?
A4: poorly equipped and lacking in numbers
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

British colonial rule introduced Western elements of culture to Burma. Burma's education system is modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities such as Yangon. Many ethnic minorities, particularly the Karen in the southeast and the Kachin and Chin who populate the north and northeast, practice Christianity. According to the The World Factbook, the Burman population is 68% and the ethnic groups constitute 32%. However, the exiled leaders and organisations claims that ethnic population is 40%, which is implicitly contrasted with CIA report (official US report).

Q1: What evidence of previous rule is evident in the buildings in Burma ?
A1: Colonial architectural influences are most evident in major cities
Q2: What part of the Burmese population is considered not a part of the mainstream group?
A2: ethnic groups constitute 32%
Q3: Do opinions differ on the numbers for that population is considered not a part of the mainstream
A3: exiled leaders and organisations claims that ethnic population is 40%, which is implicitly contrasted with CIA report (official US report).
Q4: What is the name of the group that reported the information regarding the populace in Burma ?
A4: The World Factbook
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

British empiricism, though it was not a term used at the time, derives from the 17th century period of early modern philosophy and modern science. The term became useful in order to describe differences perceived between two of its founders Francis Bacon, described as empiricist, and René Descartes, who is described as a rationalist. Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza, in the next generation, are often also described as an empiricist and a rationalist respectively. John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume were the primary exponents of empiricism in the 18th century Enlightenment, with Locke being the person who is normally known as the founder of empiricism as such.

Q1: When was the British empiricism period?
A1: 17th century
Q2: What type of philosopher was Francis Bacon?
A2: empiricist
Q3: What type of philosopher was Descartes?
A3: rationalist
Q4: What type of philosopher was Hobbes?
A4: empiricist
Q5: What type of philosopher was Spinoza?
A5: rationalist
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire. The British established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire.

Q1: What was British imperial strength replace by?
A1: steamship and the telegraph
Q2: When were the steamship and the telegraph invented?
A2: the second half of the 19th century
Q3: What was the British Empire linked by in 1982?
A3: a network of telegraph cables
Q4: How many people were added to the British Empire by 1922?
A4: 458 million
Q5: When did the British establish colonies in Australia?
A5: 1788
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies", some 200 were of the obsolescent 3 in (76 mm) type; the remainder were the effective 4.5 in (110 mm) and 3.7 in (94 mm) guns, with a theoretical "ceiling"' of over 30,000 ft (9,100 m) but a practical limit of 25,000 ft (7,600 m) because the predictor in use could not accept greater heights. The light guns, about half of which were of the excellent Bofors 40 mm, dealt with aircraft only up to 6,000 ft (1,800 m). Although the use of the guns improved civilian morale, with the knowledge the German bomber crews were facing the barrage, it is now believed that the anti-aircraft guns achieved little and in fact the falling shell fragments caused more British casualties on the ground.

Q1: British night air defenses were effective to what height?
A1: 12,000 ft (3,700 m)
Q2: By July of 1940 how many guns were deployed in Britain?
A2: only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns
Q3: What was the practical ceiling of the effective heavy guns?
A3: 25,000 ft (7,600 m)
Q4: What type of light gun dealt with aircraft up to 6000 ft.?
A4: Bofors 40 mm
Q5: What is believed to have caused many civilian casualties from anti-aircraft guns?
A5: falling shell fragments
Title: Post-punk
Topic: Music

British post-punk entered the 1980s with support from members of the critical community—American critic Greil Marcus characterised "Britain's postpunk pop avant-garde" in a 1980 Rolling Stone article as "sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music"—as well as media figures such as BBC DJ John Peel, while several groups, such as PiL and Joy Division, achieved some success in the popular charts. The network of supportive record labels that included Industrial, Fast, E.G., Mute, Axis/4AD and Glass continued to facilitate a large output of music, by artists such as the Raincoats, Essential Logic, Killing Joke, the Teardrop Explodes, and the Psychedelic Furs.

Q1: How did critics respond to British post-punk groups in the 1980s?
A1: support
Q2: What nationality was the critic who positively characterized Britain's postpunk scene in an 1980 Rolling Stone article?
A2: American
Q3: What about the sense of paradox in postpunk different in relation to the pop music of the day?
A3: unique
Q4: What corporation was John Peel a DJ for?
A4: BBC
Q5: What were Fast, Mute, and Glass in the context of post-punk music?
A5: record labels
Q6: When did British post-punk emerge?
A6: 1980s
Q7: Who said that British post-punk was "sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music"?
A7: Greil Marcus
Q8: What popular DJ supported the emergence of British post-punk?
A8: BBC DJ John Peel
Q9: What British post-punk bands had success in the popular charts?
A9: PiL and Joy Division
Q10: Which record labels really supported the British post-punk movement?
A10: Industrial, Fast, E.G., Mute, Axis/4AD and Glass
Title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger
Topic: Media and drama

British television personality Anna Richardson settled a libel lawsuit in August 2006 against Schwarzenegger, his top aide, Sean Walsh, and his publicist, Sheryl Main. A joint statement read: "The parties are content to put this matter behind them and are pleased that this legal dispute has now been settled." Richardson claimed they tried to tarnish her reputation by dismissing her allegations that Schwarzenegger touched her breast during a press event for The 6th Day in London. She claimed Walsh and Main libeled her in a Los Angeles Times article when they contended she encouraged his behavior.

Q1: Who sued Schwarzenegger and two of his employees for libel, settling in 2006?
A1: Anna Richardson
Q2: What movie was Schwarzenegger promoting when the alleged incident took place?
A2: The 6th Day
Q3: What paper did Richardson claim was used by Schwarzenegger's publicist and aide to discredit her?
A3: Los Angeles Times
Title: Communications_in_Somalia
Topic: Engineering and technology

Broadband wireless services were offered by both dial up and non-dial up ISPs in major cities, such as Mogadishu, Bosaso, Hargeisa, Galkayo and Kismayo. Pricing ranged from $150 to $300 a month for unlimited internet access, with bandwidth rates of 64 kbit/s up and down. The main patrons of these wireless services were scholastic institutions, corporations, and UN, NGO and diplomatic missions. Mogadishu had the biggest subscriber base nationwide and was also the headquarters of the largest wireless internet services, among which were Dalkom (Wanaag HK), Orbit, Unitel and Webtel.

Q1: Mogadishu and Bosaso are what in Somalia?
A1: major cities
Q2: What city in Soalia has the largest nuber of subscribers?
A2: Mogadishu
Q3: Where was the headquarters of the largest wireless internet services?
A3: Mogadishu
Q4: What is another name for Dalcom?
A4: Wanaag HK
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources: various makers of "home recordings" readily available to the public, European recordings, lateral-cut transcriptions, and vertical-cut transcriptions. Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB). The NAB, among other items, issued recording standards in 1949 for laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions. A number of 78 rpm record producers as well as early LP makers also cut their records to the NAB/NARTB lateral standard.

Q1: Who made the move to standardize recordings?
A1: National Association of Broadcasters
Q2: When were recording standards officially released?
A2: 1949
Q3:  Which recording types were effected by the imposed industry standards?
A3: laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions.
Q4: What was one issue of a lack of industry standards?
A4: Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording
Q5: What is the NAB?
A5: National Association of Broadcasters
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Broadly speaking, Daylight Saving Time was abandoned in the years after the war (with some notable exceptions including Canada, the UK, France, and Ireland for example). However, it was brought back for periods of time in many different places during the following decades, and commonly during the Second World War. It became widely adopted, particularly in North America and Europe starting in the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis.

Q1: What event in the 1970s led more regions of North America to use DST?
A1: energy crisis
Q2: What country joined Canada, the UK, and Ireland in continuing to observe Daylight Saving Time after the war?
A2: Ireland
Q3: Daylight Saving Time was used commonly during what war?
A3: Second World War
Q4: Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis?
A4: Europe
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Broadly speaking, Enlightenment science greatly valued empiricism and rational thought, and was embedded with the Enlightenment ideal of advancement and progress. The study of science, under the heading of natural philosophy, was divided into physics and a conglomerate grouping of chemistry and natural history, which included anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology. As with most Enlightenment views, the benefits of science were not seen universally; Rousseau criticized the sciences for distancing man from nature and not operating to make people happier. Science during the Enlightenment was dominated by scientific societies and academies, which had largely replaced universities as centres of scientific research and development. Societies and academies were also the backbone of the maturation of the scientific profession. Another important development was the popularization of science among an increasingly literate population. Philosophes introduced the public to many scientific theories, most notably through the Encyclopédie and the popularization of Newtonianism by Voltaire and Émilie du Châtelet. Some historians have marked the 18th century as a drab period in the history of science; however, the century saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics; the development of biological taxonomy; a new understanding of magnetism and electricity; and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline, which established the foundations of modern chemistry.

Q1: Anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology are all studies of which subject?
A1: natural history
Q2: Who criticized the sciences for distancing man from nature and not operating to make people happier?
A2: Rousseau
Q3: Who replaced universities as centres of scientific research and development during the Enlightenment?
A3: scientific societies and academies
Q4: Which century is considered by some as a "drab" period, however saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics, the development of biological taxonomy, a new understanding of magnetism, and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline?
A4: the 18th century
Q5: Voltaire and Emilie du Chatelet populatized which scientific philosophy?
A5: Newtonianism
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed]

Q1: What followed government phonology?
A1: strict-CV phonology
Q2: Where is government phonology popular?
A2: the United Kingdom,
Q3: What theory is seen more in the US?
A3: optimality theory
Title: Anthropology
Topic: Social sciences and society

Broca, being what today would be called a neurosurgeon, had taken an interest in the pathology of speech. He wanted to localize the difference between man and the other animals, which appeared to reside in speech. He discovered the speech center of the human brain, today called Broca's area after him. His interest was mainly in Biological anthropology, but a German philosopher specializing in psychology, Theodor Waitz, took up the theme of general and social anthropology in his six-volume work, entitled Die Anthropologie der Naturvölker, 1859–1864. The title was soon translated as "The Anthropology of Primitive Peoples". The last two volumes were published posthumously.

Q1: If Broca were alive today, what would his profession be?
A1: neurosurgeon
Q2: What particularly interested Broca?
A2: the pathology of speech
Q3: What did Broca discover in the human brain?
A3: speech center
Q4: What did the German philosopher Waitz specialize in?
A4: psychology
Q5: How many volumes was Waitz work?
A5: six
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

Bronx gang life was depicted in the 1974 novel The Wanderers by Bronx native Richard Price and the 1979 movie of the same name. They are set in the heart of the Bronx, showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor. In the 1979 film The Warriors, the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx, and have to fight their way out of the borough and get back to Coney Island in Brooklyn. A Bronx Tale (1993) depicts gang activities in the Belmont "Little Italy" section of the Bronx. The 2005 video game adaptation features levels called Pelham, Tremont, and "Gunhill" (a play off the name Gun Hill Road). This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx Is Burning, an eight-part ESPN TV mini-series (2007) about the New York Yankees' drive to winning baseball's 1977 World Series. The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team, led by manager Billy Martin, catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson, as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time, such as the blackout, the city's serious financial woes and near bankruptcy, the arson for insurance payments, and the election of Ed Koch as mayor.

Q1: When was 'The Wanderers' published?
A1: 1974
Q2: When was 'The Wanderers' movie released?
A2: 1979
Q3: When was 'The Warriors' movie released?
A3: 1979
Q4: When was 'A Bronx Tale' released?
A4: 1993
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

Bronx native Nancy Savoca's 1989 comedy, True Love, explores two Italian-American Bronx sweethearts in the days before their wedding. The film, which debuted Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard as the betrothed couple, won the Grand Jury Prize at that year's Sundance Film Festival. The CBS television sitcom Becker, 1998–2004, was more ambiguous. The show starred Ted Danson as Dr. John Becker, a doctor who operated a small practice and was constantly annoyed by his patients, co-workers, friends, and practically everything and everybody else in his world. It showed his everyday life as a doctor working in a small clinic in the Bronx.

Q1: When was 'True Love' released?
A1: 1989
Q2: What genre was 'True Love'?
A2: comedy
Q3: Who starred in 'True Love'?
A3: Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. Mythological subjects, or scenes of hunting or other pursuits of the wealthy, were popular as the centrepieces of a larger geometric design, with strongly emphasized borders. Pliny the Elder mentions the artist Sosus of Pergamon by name, describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl. Both of these themes were widely copied.

Q1: The pebble mosaics found at Tiyns are from what age?
A1: Bronze age
Q2: The Beauty of Durres is in what country?
A2: Albania
Q3: The famous artists Sosus was from what area?
A3: Pergamon
Q4: When was the Greek figure style mostly formed?
A4: the 3rd century BC
Q5: When was the famous mosaic "The Beauty of Durres" created?
A5: the 4th-century BC
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Brood parasitism, in which an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. After a parasitic bird lays her eggs in another bird's nest, they are often accepted and raised by the host at the expense of the host's own brood. Brood parasites may be either obligate brood parasites, which must lay their eggs in the nests of other species because they are incapable of raising their own young, or non-obligate brood parasites, which sometimes lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output even though they could have raised their own young. One hundred bird species, including honeyguides, icterids, and ducks, are obligate parasites, though the most famous are the cuckoos. Some brood parasites are adapted to hatch before their host's young, which allows them to destroy the host's eggs by pushing them out of the nest or to kill the host's chicks; this ensures that all food brought to the nest will be fed to the parasitic chicks.

Q1: What is it called when an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood?
A1: Brood parasitism
Q2: How many bird species are obligate parasites?
A2: One hundred
Q3: What type of birds lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output?
A3: non-obligate brood parasites
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

Brooke Foss Westcott (1825–1901) and Fenton J. A. Hort (1828–1892) published an edition of the New Testament in Greek in 1881. They proposed nine critical rules, including a version of Bengel's rule, "The reading is less likely to be original that shows a disposition to smooth away difficulties." They also argued that "Readings are approved or rejected by reason of the quality, and not the number, of their supporting witnesses", and that "The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others."

Q1: How many rules were proposed in the 1881 publication of the New Testament in Greek?
A1: They proposed nine critical rules
Q2: What is Bengel's rule?
A2: The reading is less likely to be original that shows a disposition to smooth away difficulties.
Q3: Does ease of reading correlate to accuracy in relation to the original text?
A3: "The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others."
Q4: What is more important for a textual critic: quality or quantity?
A4: Readings are approved or rejected by reason of the quality, and not the number, of their supporting witnesses
Q5: What is the criteria needed to include or dismiss a reading when critiquing texts?
A5: The reading is to be preferred that most fitly explains the existence of the others.
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Bruce Matthews notes that there is no cohesive presentation of karma in the Sutta Pitaka, which may mean that the doctrine was incidental to the main perspective of early Buddhist soteriology. Schmithausen is a notable scholar who has questioned whether karma already played a role in the theory of rebirth of earliest Buddhism.[page needed][note 32] According to Vetter, "the Buddha at first sought "the deathless" (amata/amrta), which is concerned with the here and now. According to Vetter, only after this realization did he become acquainted with the doctrine of rebirth." Bronkhorst disagrees, and concludes that the Buddha "introduced a concept of karma that differed considerably from the commonly held views of his time." According to Bronkhorst, not physical and mental activities as such were seen as responsible for rebirth, but intentions and desire.

Q1: According the Bronkhorst, intentions and desire are responsible for what?
A1: rebirth
Q2: Bronkhurst says that Buddha had a view of 'what' much different then current day?
A2: karma
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.

Q1: Who was the first monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace?
A1: Queen Victoria
Q2: Who died before the palace was completed?
A2: William IV
Q3: Buckingham became a principle residence for the Royal Family in which year?
A3: 1837
Q4: What was the problem with chimneys in the palace?
A4: the chimneys smoked
Q5: At the end of which year were most of the design problems of the palace rectified under Prince Albert?
A5: 1840
Q6: When did Buckingham officially become the principle royal residence?
A6: 1837
Q7: Who was the first monarch to reside there?
A7: Queen Victoria
Q8: Who died before seeing Buckingham Palace's completion?
A8: William IV
Q9: What was the problem with the palace's chimneys?
A9: the chimneys smoked
Q10: Who dealt with the design faults of the palace?
A10: Prince Albert
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhism /ˈbudɪzəm/ is a nontheistic religion[note 1] or philosophy (Sanskrit: धर्म dharma; Pali: धम्म dhamma) that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one"). According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, present-day Nepal sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.[note 1] He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering through the elimination of ignorance and craving. Buddhists believe that this is accomplished through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths.

Q1: What type of religion is Buddhism?
A1: nontheistic
Q2: What are the practices of Buddhism based on?
A2: teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha
Q3: Where did the Buddha live?
A3: present-day Nepal
Q4: How do Buddhists believe their suffering can be ended?
A4: through the direct understanding and perception of dependent origination and the Four Noble Truths
Q5: What did the Buddha teach should be given up to end suffering?
A5: ignorance and craving
Q6: What type of religion is Buddhism?
A6: nontheistic religion
Q7: Who's teaching is Buddhism based upon?
A7: Gautama Buddha
Q8: When was Buddha alive?
A8: between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE
Q9: Where did Buddha reside when he was alive?
A9: present-day Nepal
Q10: Who's teachings is Buddhism based upon?
A10: Gautama Buddha
Q11: Where was Buddha thought to live?
A11: Nepal
Q12: When approximately was Buddha alive?
A12: sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE
Q13: Buddhism is based on the teaching of who?
A13: Gautama Buddha
Q14: How many noble truths are there?
A14: 4
Q15: Buddha was part of what subcontinent?
A15: Indian
Q16: Who is "the awakened one"
A16: Buddha
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period, primarily through two major esoteric sects, Tendai and Shingon. Tendai originated in China and is based on the Lotus Sutra, one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism; Saichō was key to its transmission to Japan. Shingon is the Japanese transmission of the Chinese Chen Yen school. Shingon, brought to Japan by the monk Kūkai, emphasizes Esoteric Buddhism. Both Kūkai and Saichō aimed to connect state and religion and establish support from the aristocracy, leading to the notion of 'aristocratic Buddhism'. An important element of Tendai doctrine was the suggestion that enlightenment was accessible to "every creature". Saichō also sought independent ordination for Tendai monks. A close relationship developed between the Tendai monastery complex on Mount Hiei and the imperial court in its new capital at the foot of the mountain. As a result, Tendai emphasized great reverence for the emperor and the nation. Kammu himself was a notable patron of the otherworldly Tendai sect, which rose to great power over the ensuing centuries. Kūkai greatly impressed the emperors who succeeded Emperor Kammu, and also generations of Japanese, not only with his holiness but also with his poetry, calligraphy, painting, and sculpture. Shingon, through its use of "rich symbols, rituals and mandalas" held a wide-ranging appeal.

Q1: What religion spread during the Heian period?
A1: Buddhism
Q2: What were the two Japanese sects of Buddhism?
A2: Tendai and Shingon
Q3: Who brought Shingon Buddhism to Japan?
A3: Kūkai
Q4: Tendai Buddhism suggested that enlightenment was accessible to who?
A4: every creature
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

Buddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's first known Buddhist temple, the White Horse Temple, was erected during Ming's reign. Important Buddhist canons were translated into Chinese during the 2nd century AD, including the Sutra of Forty-two Chapters, Perfection of Wisdom, Shurangama Sutra, and Pratyutpanna Sutra.

Q1: During was era did Buddhism first appear in the region?
A1: Eastern Han
Q2: When did Emperor Ming of Han's reign end?
A2: 75 AD
Q3: What philosophical practice did Liu Ying believe in?
A3: Buddhism
Q4: What is believed to be the first Buddhist temple in this area?
A4: the White Horse Temple
Q5: During which century were important Buddhist notions translated to Chinese?
A5: 2nd century AD
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhism is practiced by an estimated 488 million,[web 1] 495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population.

Q1: What religion is practiced by an estimated 488 to 535 million people?
A1: Buddhism
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhism may have spread only slowly in India until the time of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, who was a public supporter of the religion. The support of Aśoka and his descendants led to the construction of more stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials) and to efforts to spread Buddhism throughout the enlarged Maurya empire and even into neighboring lands—particularly to the Iranian-speaking regions of Afghanistan and Central Asia, beyond the Mauryas' northwest border, and to the island of Sri Lanka south of India. These two missions, in opposite directions, would ultimately lead, in the first case to the spread of Buddhism into China, and in the second case, to the emergence of Theravāda Buddhism and its spread from Sri Lanka to the coastal lands of Southeast Asia.

Q1: Buddhism may have spread quickly because of what Mauryan emperor?
A1: Ashoka
Q2: The support of Asoka and his descendants led to what being built more?
A2: stūpas
Q3: What does stupas mean in English?
A3: Buddhist religious memorials
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhism provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way not only provides a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided throughout its history. Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with various tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of close study. In addition, the Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to modern scientific thought, as well as Western metaphysics.

Q1: What provides chances for comparative study with a large range of subjects?
A1: Buddhism
Q2: Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle Way provides a guideline for what?
A2: ethics
Q3: Buddism has what kind of parallels withother systems of thought?
A3: moral and spiritual
Q4: Buddhism had similiar tenets to what other common religion?
A4: Christianity
Q5: Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought?
A5: scientific
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of meditative absorption (Pali: jhāna; Skt: dhyāna). The most ancient sustained expression of yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of the Buddha. One key innovative teaching of the Buddha was that meditative absorption must be combined with liberating cognition. The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in early Brahminic texts is striking. Meditative states alone are not an end, for according to the Buddha, even the highest meditative state is not liberating. Instead of attaining a complete cessation of thought, some sort of mental activity must take place: a liberating cognition, based on the practice of mindful awareness.

Q1: Buddhism traditionally incorporates states of what type of absorption?
A1: meditative
Q2: The most acient yogic ideas is found in the early sermons of who?
A2: the Buddha
Q3: The difference between the Buddha's teaching and the yoga presented in what what type of texts is significant?
A3: Brahminic
Q4: According to the Buddha event he highest meditative state is not what?
A4: liberating
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhist meditation is fundamentally concerned with two themes: transforming the mind and using it to explore itself and other phenomena. According to Theravada Buddhism the Buddha taught two types of meditation, samatha meditation (Sanskrit: śamatha) and vipassanā meditation (Sanskrit: vipaśyanā). In Chinese Buddhism, these exist (translated chih kuan), but Chán (Zen) meditation is more popular. According to Peter Harvey, whenever Buddhism has been healthy, not only monks, nuns, and married lamas, but also more committed lay people have practiced meditation. According to Routledge's Encyclopedia of Buddhism, in contrast, throughout most of Buddhist history before modern times, serious meditation by lay people has been unusual. The evidence of the early texts suggests that at the time of the Buddha, many male and female lay practitioners did practice meditation, some even to the point of proficiency in all eight jhānas (see the next section regarding these).[note 11]

Q1: In Chinese Buddhism what meditation is more popular?
A1: Zen
Q2: Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what?
A2: jhānas
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.

Q1: What are some of the theories and philosophies produced by Buddhist scholars?
A1: Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism
Q2: Does Buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies?
A2: Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.
Q3: Who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as Abhidharma and Reality in Buddhism?
A3: Buddhist scholars
Q4: Some schools within Buddhism discourage what type of study?
A4: doctrinal
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking "refuge in the triple gem" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.

Q1: What are the Three Jewels of the Buddhist tradition?
A1: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community)
Q2: What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds of Buddhism?
A2: cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment
Q3: What other practices do Buddhists adhere to?
A3: Ten Meritorious Deeds
Q4: What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds?
A4: renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic
Q5: Buddhism denies what kind of deity?
A5: creator
Q6: Of the Ten Meritorious Deeds, giving charity reduces what?
A6: greediness
Q7: Invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas is in what tradition?
A7: Mahayana
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit.

Q1: There is a great variety of what type of scripture?
A1: Buddhist
Q2: Some schools venerate certain texts as religious what?
A2: objects
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha was the first to achieve enlightenment in this Buddha era and is therefore credited with the establishment of Buddhism. A Buddha era is the stretch of history during which people remember and practice the teachings of the earliest known Buddha. This Buddha era will end when all the knowledge, evidence and teachings of Gautama Buddha have vanished. This belief therefore maintains that many Buddha eras have started and ended throughout the course of human existence.[web 15][web 16] The Gautama Buddha, therefore, is the Buddha of this era, who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas in it (see types of Buddhas).

Q1: Who is believed to have achieved enlightenment first?
A1: Gautama Buddha
Q2: What is the term for the stretch of history during which people rmember and practice the teachings of the earliest known buddha?
A2: A Buddha era
Q3: Who is the Buddha of this Buddha era?
A3: Gautama Buddha
Q4: Who taught directly or indirectly to all other Buddhas?
A4: Gautama Buddha
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha. The Pali Canon refers to many previous ones (see List of the 28 Buddhas), while the Mahayana tradition additionally has many Buddhas of celestial, rather than historical, origin (see Amitabha or Vairocana as examples, for lists of many thousands Buddha names see Taishō Shinshū Daizōkyō numbers 439–448). A common Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist belief is that the next Buddha will be one named Maitreya (Pali: Metteyya).

Q1: How many Buddhas are considered to have existed in the Pali Canon?
A1: 28
Q2: A Theravada and Mahayana belief is that the next Buddha will be one named what?
A2: Maitreya
Q3: Mahayana has many Buddhas of what origin?
A3: celestial
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

Building Partnerships is described as airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors to develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security. Building Partnerships is about interacting with others and is therefore an inherently inter-personal and cross-cultural undertaking. Through both words and deeds, the majority of interaction is devoted to building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit. It includes both foreign partners as well as domestic partners and emphasizes collaboration with foreign governments, militaries and populations as well as US government departments, agencies, industry, and NGOs. To better facilitate partnering efforts, Airmen should be competent in the relevant language, region, and culture.

Q1: What does Building Partnerships relate to in the Air Force? 
A1: airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors
Q2: What are the goals of the Building Partnership interactions?
A2: develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security
Q3: What sort of inter-personal relationships does Building Partnerships encourage? 
A3: cross-cultural
Q4: What is the major goal of Building Partnerships in these deeds and actions?
A4: building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit
Q5: What are Airmen expected to be competent in for these Building Partnerships missions?
A5: relevant language, region, and culture
Title: Architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

Q1: What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be done?
A1: shelter, security, worship
Q2: Oral traditions allowed what to become formalized in human cultures?
A2: knowledge
Q3: What was building considered?
A3: a craft
Q4: What was the most valued type of building craft called?
A4: architecture
Q5: Aside from skills, what is required in order to have the means for building?
A5: building materials
Title: Friedrich_Hayek
Topic: Social sciences and society

Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).

Q1: What did Hayek claim those who must distribute resources would lack most?
A1: enough information
Q2: Whose work most notably influenced Hayek's argument regarding resource distribution?
A2: Max Weber
Q3: What is the one way Hayek argued that resource distribution could succeed?
A3: through the price mechanism in free markets
Q4: Other than Max Weber, who was a notable influence to Hayek's statements regarding resource distribution?
A4: Ludwig von Mises
Title: Alaska
Topic: Geography and places

Built around 1915, the Alaska Railroad (ARR) played a key role in the development of Alaska through the 20th century. It links north Pacific shipping through providing critical infrastructure with tracks that run from Seward to Interior Alaska by way of South Central Alaska, passing through Anchorage, Eklutna, Wasilla, Talkeetna, Denali, and Fairbanks, with spurs to Whittier, Palmer and North Pole. The cities, towns, villages, and region served by ARR tracks are known statewide as "The Railbelt". In recent years, the ever-improving paved highway system began to eclipse the railroad's importance in Alaska's economy.

Q1: What year was the Alaska Railroad built?
A1: around 1915
Q2: To what does "The Railbelt" refer?
A2: region served by ARR tracks
Q3: Which development in 1915 played a key role in developing Alaska?
A3: Alaska Railroad (ARR)
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

Built in 1815, Union Street was at the heart of Plymouth's historical culture. It became known as the servicemen's playground, as it was where sailors from the Royal Navy would seek entertainment of all kinds. During the 1930s, there were 30 pubs and it attracted such performers as Charlie Chaplin to the New Palace Theatre. It is now the late-night hub of Plymouth's entertainment strip, but has a reputation for trouble at closing hours.

Q1: In what year was Union Street constructed?
A1: 1815
Q2: Who performed at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s?
A2: Charlie Chaplin
Q3: How many pubs existed on Union Street in the 1930s?
A3: 30s
Q4: What group famously enjoyed themselves on Union Street?
A4: sailors from the Royal Navy
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion.

Q1: Who bought 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment in 2004?
A1: General Electric
Q2: What percentage of NBC Universal was owned by Vivendi until 2011?
A2: 20%
Q3: Who bought 51% of NBC Universal in 2011?
A3: Comcast
Q4: In what month and year did Comcast buy 49% of NBCUniversal?
A4: March 2013
Q5: How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013?
A5: $16.7 billion
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece.

Q1: When does the Egyptian orchestra date to?
A1: 2695 BC
Q2: Who suggested that Western classical music is rooted to ancient Egyptian art music?
A2: Burgh
Q3: What music followed ancient Egyptian art music?
A3: early Christian liturgical music,
Q4: Which ancient society developed individual tones and scales?
A4: ancient Greeks
Q5: Who helped codify musical notation?
A5: Pythagoras