LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Some pubs in the UK also have football teams composed of regular customers. Many of these teams are in leagues that play matches on Sundays, hence the term "Sunday League Football". Bowling is found in association with pubs in some parts of the country and the local team will play matches against teams invited from elsewhere on the pub's bowling green.

Q1: What is the term for pub-based football that is often played on Sundays?
A1: Sunday League Football
Q2: What sport is played on a pub's bowling green?
A2: Bowling
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

Some recordings, such as books for the blind, were pressed at 16 2⁄3 rpm. Prestige Records released jazz records in this format in the late 1950s; for example, two of their Miles Davis albums were paired together in this format. Peter Goldmark, the man who developed the 33 1⁄3 rpm record, developed the Highway Hi-Fi 16 2⁄3 rpm record to be played in Chrysler automobiles, but poor performance of the system and weak implementation by Chrysler and Columbia led to the demise of the 16 2⁄3 rpm records. Subsequently, the 16 2⁄3 rpm speed was used for narrated publications for the blind and visually impaired, and were never widely commercially available, although it was common to see new turntable models with a 16 rpm speed setting produced as late as the 1970s.

Q1: What was 16 2/3 rpm speed used for?
A1: narrated publications
Q2: Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm speed record?
A2: Peter Goldmark
Q3: What record format was created for use in Chrysler automobiles?
A3: Highway Hi-Fi 16 2⁄3 rpm record
Q4: Why did Chrysler discontinue use of the Hifi 16 2/3 rpm record?
A4: poor performance
Q5: To the end of which era could you find 16 rpm setting on record players?
A5: 1970s
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

Some regions beyond the Ottoman Porte were included. One was North Africa west of Egypt. It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast, de facto independent since the 18th century. Formerly part of the empire at its apogee. Iran was included because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia. In the 1890s the term tended to focus on the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia. The demise of the sick man of Europe left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by "Near East". It is now generally used only in historical contexts, to describe the countries of Western Asia from the Mediterranean to (or including) Iran. There is, in short, no universally understood fixed inventory of nations, languages or historical assets defined to be in it.

Q1: What was one region included that was occupied by piratical kingdoms?
A1: North Africa west of Egypt
Q2: Where were the piratical kingdoms from? 
A2: Barbary Coast
Q3: Why was Iran included in the collection of regions? 
A3: because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia
Q4: What did the term Near East focus on in the 1890s?
A4: the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia
Q5: The demise of what left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by "Near East" 
A5: of the sick man of Europe
Title: Thuringia
Topic: History

Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously.

Q1: When was the German Mediatisation?
A1: 1795 to 1814
Q2: When were the mediatisation changes confirmed?
A2: The 1815 Congress of Vienna
Q3: Which kingdom acquired some Thuringian territory?
A3: the Kingdom of Prussia
Q4: Who led the unification of Germany in 1871?
A4: Prussian-led
Q5: Which city became the capital of Thuringia after World War 1? 
A5: Weimar
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

Some research suggests that "[f]or some [people] the focus of sexual interest will shift at various points through the life span..." "There... [was, as of 1995,] essentially no research on the longitudinal stability of sexual orientation over the adult life span... It [was]... still an unanswered question whether... [the] measure [of 'the complex components of sexual orientation as differentiated from other aspects of sexual identity at one point in time'] will predict future behavior or orientation. Certainly, it is... not a good predictor of past behavior and self-identity, given the developmental process common to most gay men and lesbians (i.e., denial of homosexual interests and heterosexual experimentation prior to the coming-out process)." Some studies report that "[a number of] lesbian women, and some heterosexual women as well, perceive choice as an important element in their sexual orientations."

Q1: Can a persons sexual interest change over different times in their life?
A1: Some research suggests that "[f]or some [people] the focus of sexual interest will shift at various points through the life span
Q2: Until 1995 what had no studies done concerning sexual orientation?
A2: longitudinal stability of sexual orientation over the adult life span.
Q3: What can possibly predict the future orientation a persons sexual idenity?
A3: . [the] measure [of 'the complex components of sexual orientation as differentiated from other aspects of sexual identity at one point in time']
Q4: What do some lesbian woman see as important part of the sexual orientation?
A4: choice
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Some researchers are now focusing on learning about how adolescents view their own relationships and sexuality; they want to move away from a research point of view that focuses on the problems associated with adolescent sexuality.[why?] College Professor Lucia O'Sullivan and her colleagues found that there weren't any significant gender differences in the relationship events adolescent boys and girls from grades 7-12 reported. Most teens said they had kissed their partners, held hands with them, thought of themselves as being a couple and told people they were in a relationship. This means that private thoughts about the relationship as well as public recognition of the relationship were both important to the adolescents in the sample. Sexual events (such as sexual touching, sexual intercourse) were less common than romantic events (holding hands) and social events (being with one's partner in a group setting). The researchers state that these results are important because the results focus on the more positive aspects of adolescents and their social and romantic interactions rather than focusing on sexual behavior and its consequences.

Q1: Did adolescents report more sexual or social events to researchers?
A1: social events
Q2: Why do researchers believe the social event reporting by adolescents (rather than sexual activity) is important?
A2: focus on the more positive aspects of adolescents
Q3: Holding hands with one's partner and telling others about a relationship are examples of what kind of adolescent event?
A3: romantic
Title: Alaska
Topic: Geography and places

Some researchers believe that the first Russian settlement in Alaska was established in the 17th century. According to this hypothesis, in 1648 several koches of Semyon Dezhnyov's expedition came ashore in Alaska by storm and founded this settlement. This hypothesis is based on the testimony of Chukchi geographer Nikolai Daurkin, who had visited Alaska in 1764–1765 and who had reported on a village on the Kheuveren River, populated by "bearded men" who "pray to the icons". Some modern researchers associate Kheuveren with Koyuk River.

Q1: During what time period do some researchers believe Russians settled in Alaska?
A1: 17th century
Q2: Whose expedidion potentially landed in Alaska during a storm and founded a settlement in 1648?
A2: Semyon Dezhnyov
Q3: Whom did Nikolai Durkin say lived in a village on the Kheuveren River?
A3: "bearded men" who "pray to the icons"
Q4: During which years did Nikolai Durkin visit Alaska?
A4: 1764–1765
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

Some researchers who study sexual orientation argue that the concept may not apply similarly to men and women. A study of sexual arousal patterns found that women, when viewing erotic films which show female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have patterns of arousal which do not match their declared sexual orientations as well as men's. That is, heterosexual and lesbian women's sexual arousal to erotic films do not differ significantly by the genders of the participants (male or female) or by the type of sexual activity (heterosexual or homosexual). On the contrary, men's sexual arousal patterns tend to be more in line with their stated orientations, with heterosexual men showing more penis arousal to female-female sexual activity and less arousal to female-male and male-male sexual stimuli, and homosexual and bisexual men being more aroused by films depicting male-male intercourse and less aroused by other stimuli.

Q1: What do some researchers argue about the idea of sexual orientation?
A1: the concept may not apply similarly to men and women
Q2: What have studies found about women and their believed sexual orientations?
A2: female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have patterns of arousal which do not match
Q3: What did the studies reveal about men and their declared sexual preference?
A3: men's sexual arousal patterns tend to be more in line with their stated orientations,
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

Some researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels "heterosexual" and "homosexual" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, "...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to reassignment (see for example, Blanchard et al. 1987, Coleman and Bockting, 1988, Blanchard, 1989). These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around." Bagemihl goes on to take issue with the way this terminology makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.

Q1: What does Bruce criticize the labels heterosexual and homsexual as?
A1: confusing and degrading
Q2: What does Bruce Bagemilh write about the labels homosexual and heterosexual terms?
A2: . These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around
Q3: What does Bagemihl say a major issue with this terminology is?
A3: it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Some rock formations in the path of a glacier are sculpted into small hills called roche moutonnée, or "sheepback" rock. Roche moutonnée are elongated, rounded, and asymmetrical bedrock knobs that can be produced by glacier erosion. They range in length from less than a meter to several hundred meters long. Roche moutonnée have a gentle slope on their up-glacier sides and a steep to vertical face on their down-glacier sides. The glacier abrades the smooth slope on the upstream side as it flows along, but tears loose and carries away rock from the downstream side via plucking.

Q1: What is another name for roche moutonnee?
A1: "sheepback" rock
Q2: What are roche moutonnee?
A2: elongated, rounded, and asymmetrical bedrock knobs that can be produced by glacier erosion
Q3: How large are roche moutonnee?
A3: less than a meter to several hundred meters long
Q4: What shape do roche moutonnee have on their "up" side?
A4: gentle slope
Q5: What shape do roche moutonnee have on their "down" side?
A5: steep to vertical face
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit "Losing My Religion" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song "Locust Street." Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song "Dream of the Archer" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song "The Battle of Evermore." "Show Me Heaven" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.

Q1: What type of mandolin do rock musicians today use? 
A1: single-stringed electric
Q2: Which Irish-American punk band uses Mandolins?
A2: Dropkick Murphys
Q3: What REM song uses simple mandolin licks?
A3: Losing My Religion
Q4: What American rock band has extensive use of mandolins? 
A4: System of A Down
Q5: What film's theme song uses a mandolin?
A5: Days of Thunder
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that many aspects of church and state were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified. These critics argue that the prevalent degree of separation of church and state could not have been intended by the constitutional framers. Some of the intermingling between church and state include religious references in official contexts, and such other founding documents as the United States Declaration of Independence, which references the idea of a "Creator" and "Nature's God", though these references did not ultimately appear in the Constitution nor do they mention any particular religious view of a "Creator" or "Nature's God."

Q1: What do some organizations disagree with the notion of?
A1: separation of church and state
Q2: What do scholars also disagree with about the way the Supreme Court has interpreted what?
A2: constitutional limitation on religious establishment
Q3: What do the critics argue the phrase misrepresents?
A3: the textual requirements of the Constitution
Q4: What do critics note were intermingled at the time the Constitution was ratified?
A4: many aspects of church and state
Q5: What do these critics argue couldn't have been intended by the framers of the constitution?
A5: prevalent degree of separation of church and state
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some scholars believe that Modern Orthodoxy arose from the religious and social realities of Western European Jewry. While most Jews consider Modern Orthodoxy traditional today, some (the hareidi and hasidic groups) within the Orthodox community consider some elements to be of questionable validity. The neo-Orthodox movement holds that Hirsch's views are not accurately followed by Modern Orthodoxy. [See Torah im Derech Eretz and Torah Umadda "Relationship with Torah im Derech Eretz" for a more extensive listing.]

Q1: Who did the modern orthodoxy arise from?
A1: Western European Jewry
Q2: What do most Jews consider modern orthodoxy today?
A2: traditional
Q3: the neo-orthodox movement holds that who's views are not accurately followed by the mordern orthodoxy?
A3: Hirsch's
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.

Q1: What important trade did the Ming Dynasty have with Tibet?
A1: horse trade
Q2: During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule?
A2: 1402–1424
Q3: Who did the Yongle Emperor try to build a religious alliance with?
A3: Deshin Shekpa
Q4: Deshin Shekpa was the head of what school?
A4: the Karma Kagyu school
Q5: The Tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state?
A5: Nepal
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some scholars[note 44] use other schemes. Buddhists themselves have a variety of other schemes. Hinayana (literally "lesser vehicle") is used by Mahayana followers to name the family of early philosophical schools and traditions from which contemporary Theravada emerged, but as this term is rooted in the Mahayana viewpoint and can be considered derogatory, a variety of other terms are increasingly used instead, including Śrāvakayāna, Nikaya Buddhism, early Buddhist schools, sectarian Buddhism, conservative Buddhism, mainstream Buddhism and non-Mahayana Buddhism.

Q1: What does Hinayana mean in English?
A1: lesser vehicle
Q2: What is used by Mahayana followers to name the early schools?
A2: Hinayana
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

Some scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries, and dooms the third world economies to low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports. More children that work in poor countries, the fewer and worse-paid are the jobs for adults in these countries. In other words, there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour from children aged 18 years or less, everywhere in the world.

Q1: What does child labour do for adults?
A1: leads to poor labour standards
Q2: What happens to the wages of adults?
A2: depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries
Q3: What are the implications for third world countries with regards to child labour?
A3: low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports
Q4: Does ending child labour have a global value?
A4: there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere). Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the local stratosphere. This cooling has the effect of intensifying the westerly winds which flow around the continent (the polar vortex) and thus prevents outflow of the cold air near the South Pole. As a result, the continental mass of the East Antarctic ice sheet is held at lower temperatures, and the peripheral areas of Antarctica, especially the Antarctic Peninsula, are subject to higher temperatures, which promote accelerated melting. Models also suggest that the ozone depletion/enhanced polar vortex effect also accounts for the recent increase in sea ice just offshore of the continent.

Q1: In what do some scientists believe ozone depletion may have a role ?
A1: climatic change
Q2: What light does ozone absorb?
A2: ultraviolet radiation
Q3: How much cooling can ozone depletion cause over Antarctica?
A3: 6 °C
Q4: What can the wind changes due to cooling cause in the Antarctic ice?
A4: accelerated melting
Q5: What does ozone depletion cause in the southern atmosphere?
A5: enhanced polar vortex
Title: Florida
Topic: Geography and places

Some sections of the state feature architectural styles including Spanish revival, Florida vernacular, and Mediterranean Revival Style. It has the largest collection of Art Deco and Streamline Moderne buildings in both the United States and the entire world, most of which are located in the Miami metropolitan area, especially Miami Beach's Art Deco District, constructed as the city was becoming a resort destination. A unique architectural design found only in Florida is the post-World War II Miami Modern, which can be seen in areas such as Miami's MiMo Historic District.

Q1: What architectural styles are in Florida 
A1: architectural styles including Spanish revival, Florida vernacular, and Mediterranean Revival Style
Q2: What does Florida have the largest collection of 
A2: the largest collection of Art Deco and Streamline Moderne buildings in both the United States and the entire world, most of which are located in the Miami
Q3: When did the art deco area of Miami boom 
A3: Miami Beach's Art Deco District, constructed as the city was becoming a resort destination
Q4: What other Unique Architecture started in Miami after world war 2 
A4: Miami Modern, which can be seen in areas such as Miami's MiMo Historic District.
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers, and the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank. Although travel time is reduced, passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart. During the down peak period the benefit of destination control will be limited as passengers have a common destination.

Q1: What function does a "destination operating panel" feature?
A1: a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car
Q2: What is one benefit of a "destination operating panel"
A2: travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers
Q3: What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"?
A3: the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank
Q4: What is the downside to a :destination operating panel"?
A4: passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart
Title: Friedrich_Hayek
Topic: Social sciences and society

Some socialists such as H. D. Dickinson and Oskar Lange, responded by invoking general equilibrium theory, which they argued disproved Mises's thesis. They noted that the difference between a planned and a free market system lay in who was responsible for solving the equations. They argued, if some of the prices chosen by socialist managers were wrong, gluts or shortages would appear, signalling them to adjust the prices up or down, just as in a free market. Through such a trial and error, a socialist economy could mimic the efficiency of a free market system, while avoiding its many problems.

Q1: What did some socialists bring up as a rebuttal to Hayek's resource distribution argument?
A1: general equilibrium theory
Q2: What did socialists believe equilibrium theory invalidated?
A2: Mises's thesis
Q3: According to those who argued against Hayek, what sets planned and free markets apart is what?
A3: who was responsible for solving the equations
Q4: What type of economic system did the socialists want to avoid?
A4: free market
Title: ASCII
Topic: Engineering and technology

Some software assigned special meanings to ASCII characters sent to the software from the terminal. Operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation, for example, interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning "remove previously-typed input character", and this interpretation also became common in Unix systems. Most other systems used BS for that meaning and used DEL to mean "remove the character at the cursor".[citation needed] That latter interpretation is the most common now.[citation needed]

Q1: What did some software do to the ASCII characters?
A1: assigned special meanings
Q2: What interpretation became common in Unix systmes?
A2: interpreted DEL as an input character as meaning "remove previously-typed input character"
Q3: What do most other systmes use the DEL to mean?
A3: remove the character at the cursor
Q4: What did other systmes us for "remove previously-typed input character"?
A4: BS
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Some species of bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms, these species are called predatory bacteria. These include organisms such as Myxococcus xanthus, which forms swarms of cells that kill and digest any bacteria they encounter. Other bacterial predators either attach to their prey in order to digest them and absorb nutrients, such as Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus, or invade another cell and multiply inside the cytosol, such as Daptobacter. These predatory bacteria are thought to have evolved from saprophages that consumed dead microorganisms, through adaptations that allowed them to entrap and kill other organisms.

Q1: Why are certain bacteria called predatory?
A1: bacteria kill and then consume other microorganisms
Q2: Which way do Vampirovibrio absorb nutrients of other microorganisms?
A2: attach to their prey in order to digest them
Q3: What technique do Daptobacter use in order to kill other microorganism?
A3: invade another cell and multiply inside the cytosol
Q4: Where do Daptobacter bacteria come from?
A4: saprophages
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Some species of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales, orcas, colossal squids and fur seals. The emperor penguin is the only penguin that breeds during the winter in Antarctica, while the Adélie penguin breeds farther south than any other penguin. The rockhopper penguin has distinctive feathers around the eyes, giving the appearance of elaborate eyelashes. King penguins, chinstrap penguins, and gentoo penguins also breed in the Antarctic.

Q1: What sea plankton doe many sea creatures rely on to live?
A1: phytoplankton
Q2: What breed of penguin lives in Antarctica?
A2: emperor penguin
Q3: During what season does the emperor penguin breed?
A3: winter
Q4: What feature does the rockhopper penguin have around its eyes?
A4: feathers
Q5: Which penguin breeds the furterest south of all the penguin breeds?
A5: Adélie
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

Some species use vibrations for communicating within members of the same species, such as to attract mates as in the songs of the shield bug Nezara viridula. Vibrations can also be used to communicate between entirely different species; lycaenid (gossamer-winged butterfly) caterpillars which are myrmecophilous (living in a mutualistic association with ants) communicate with ants in this way. The Madagascar hissing cockroach has the ability to press air through its spiracles to make a hissing noise as a sign of aggression; the Death's-head Hawkmoth makes a squeaking noise by forcing air out of their pharynx when agitated, which may also reduce aggressive worker honey bee behavior when the two are in close proximity.

Q1: What are used by insects to communicate with members of the same species?
A1: vibrations
Q2: Vibrations are used to communicate with members of the same species, and what other species?
A2: different species
Q3: Which insects has a song to attract males from the same species?
A3: Nezara viridula
Q4: What is a lycaenid caterpillar? 
A4: gossamer-winged butterfly
Q5: Living in association with ants is called what?
A5: myrmecophilous
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Some species, including frigatebirds, gulls, and skuas, engage in kleptoparasitism, stealing food items from other birds. Kleptoparasitism is thought to be a supplement to food obtained by hunting, rather than a significant part of any species' diet; a study of great frigatebirds stealing from masked boobies estimated that the frigatebirds stole at most 40% of their food and on average stole only 5%. Other birds are scavengers; some of these, like vultures, are specialised carrion eaters, while others, like gulls, corvids, or other birds of prey, are opportunists.

Q1: What is the term for stealing food items from other birds?
A1: kleptoparasitism
Q2: What is kleptoparasitism?
A2: stealing food items from other birds
Q3: A vulture is what type of bird?
A3: scavengers
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substantial fine. To simplify the prosecution of traffic violations and other relatively minor crimes, some states have added a third level, infractions. These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.

Q1: What two levels of crime are there?
A1: felonies and misdemeanors
Q2: What is a misdemeanor?
A2: minor crimes
Q3: What results in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims?
A3: felony convictions
Q4: What usually happens with misdemeanors?
A4: a year or less in jail and a substantial fine
Q5: What is a third level of crime that some states have adopted?
A5: infractions
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.

Q1: What is the name of the prime ministerial position in Ireland?
A1: Taoiseach
Q2: From where is the Irish prime minister usually selected?
A2: the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament
Q3: When is the Irish Taoiseach renominated?
A3: after every general election
Title: CBC_Television
Topic: History

Some stations that broadcast from smaller cities are private affiliates of the CBC, that is, stations which are owned by commercial broadcasters but predominantly incorporate CBC programming within their schedules. Such stations generally follow the CBC schedule, airing a minimum 40 hours per week of network programming. However, they may opt out of some CBC programming in order to air locally produced programs, syndicated series or programs purchased from other broadcasters, such as CTV Two, which do not have a broadcast outlet in the same market. In these cases, the CBC programming being displaced may be broadcast at a different time than the network, or may not be broadcast on the station at all. Most private affiliates generally opt out of CBC's afternoon schedule and Thursday night arts programming. Private affiliates carry the 10 p.m. broadcast of The National as a core part of the CBC schedule, but generally omitted the 11 p.m. repeat (which is no longer broadcast). Most private affiliates produce their own local newscasts for a duration of at least 35 minutes. Some of the private affiliates have begun adding CBC's overnight programming to their schedules since the network began broadcasting 24 hours a day.

Q1: What are private affiliates?
A1: stations which are owned by commercial broadcasters but predominantly incorporate CBC programming within their schedules
Q2: Minimally, how many hours are devoted weekly to network programming in CBC's private affiliates?
A2: 40
Q3: Which broadcast do affiliates generally carry?
A3: 10 p.m
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

Some street trams (streetcars) used conduit third-rail current collection. The third rail was below street level. The tram picked up the current through a plough (U.S. "plow") accessed through a narrow slot in the road. In the United States, much (though not all) of the former streetcar system in Washington, D.C. (discontinued in 1962) was operated in this manner to avoid the unsightly wires and poles associated with electric traction. The same was true with Manhattan's former streetcar system. The evidence of this mode of running can still be seen on the track down the slope on the northern access to the abandoned Kingsway Tramway Subway in central London, United Kingdom, where the slot between the running rails is clearly visible, and on P and Q Streets west of Wisconsin Avenue in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington DC, where the abandoned tracks have not been paved over. The slot can easily be confused with the similar looking slot for cable trams/cars (in some cases, the conduit slot was originally a cable slot). The disadvantage of conduit collection included much higher initial installation costs, higher maintenance costs, and problems with leaves and snow getting in the slot. For this reason, in Washington, D.C. cars on some lines converted to overhead wire on leaving the city center, a worker in a "plough pit" disconnecting the plough while another raised the trolley pole (hitherto hooked down to the roof) to the overhead wire. In New York City for the same reasons of cost and operating efficiency outside of Manhattan overhead wire was used. A similar system of changeover from conduit to overhead wire was also used on the London tramways, notably on the southern side; a typical changeover point was at Norwood, where the conduit snaked sideways from between the running rails, to provide a park for detached shoes or ploughs.

Q1: What is the other name for the street trams?
A1: streetcars
Q2: Where is third rail situated in the street trams system?
A2: below street level
Q3: What area in US discontinued using overhead wires for streetcars in 1962?
A3: Washington, D.C.
Q4: What external and weather factors can effect conduit slot?
A4: leaves and snow
Q5: What are the main reasons the conduit lines were converted to overhead  wire system?
A5: cost and operating efficiency
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

Some succeeded their fathers as rulers, such as Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, who ruled Morocco from 1578 to 1608. He was not technically considered as a mixed-race child of a slave; his mother was Fulani and a concubine of his father. Such tolerance for black persons, even when technically "free", was not so common in Morocco. The long association of sub-Saharan peoples as slaves is shown in the term abd (Arabic: عبد‎,) (meaning "slave"); it is still frequently used in the Arabic-speaking world as a term for black people.

Q1: Who was the ruler in Morocco?
A1: Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur
Q2: When did Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur rule?
A2: from 1578 to 1608
Q3: What ethnicity was his mother?
A3: Fulani
Q4: What Arabic term is still used for black people?
A4: (Arabic: عبد‎,) (meaning "slave")
Q5: Who still had the term "slave" used in reference to them?
A5: sub-Saharan peoples
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism.

Q1: What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can't survive without each other?
A1: obligate
Q2: What is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone?
A2: facultative
Q3: What is an example of an obligate relationship?
A3: lichens
Title: Videoconferencing
Topic: History

Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bottleneck. The advantages of this technique are that the video and audio will generally be of higher quality because they don't have to be relayed through a central point. Also, users can make ad-hoc multipoint calls without any concern for the availability or control of an MCU. This added convenience and quality comes at the expense of some increased network bandwidth, because every station must transmit to every other station directly.

Q1: What do systems with no MCU use in order to perform multipoint conferencing?
A1: a standards-based H.323 technique
Q2: What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique?
A2: higher quality
Q3: What is one disadvantage of using the H.323 technique?
A3: increased network bandwidth
Q4: What is the H.323 technique also known as?
A4: decentralized multipoint
Q5: Why is the video and audio of the H.323 technique higher quality?
A5: they don't have to be relayed through a central point
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, while others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences. A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them. Guy Claxton has questioned the extent that learning styles such as Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic(VAK) are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning. Recent research has argued "there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice."

Q1: What do some theories believe?
A1: that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities
Q2: What should be included in effective teaching?
A2: teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities
Title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke 1:32 and the Book of Isaiah 9:6, and Queen Mother from 1 Kings 2:19-20 and Jeremiah 13:18-19. Other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary, e.g., Our Lady of Good Counsel, Our Lady of Navigators or Our Lady of Ransom who protects captives.

Q1: Jesus was known as the "King of Kings" because of his lieage from who?
A1: King David
Q2: Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives?
A2: Our Lady of Ransom
Q3: Who was the mother of Jesus?
A3: Mary
Q4: Which New Testament book provides a basis for the term Queen when referring to Mary?
A4: Luke
Title: Group_(mathematics)
Topic: Mathematics

Some topological spaces may be endowed with a group law. In order for the group law and the topology to interweave well, the group operations must be continuous functions, that is, g • h, and g−1 must not vary wildly if g and h vary only little. Such groups are called topological groups, and they are the group objects in the category of topological spaces. The most basic examples are the reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·), and similarly with any other topological field such as the complex numbers or p-adic numbers. All of these groups are locally compact, so they have Haar measures and can be studied via harmonic analysis. The former offer an abstract formalism of invariant integrals. Invariance means, in the case of real numbers for example:

Q1: What group operations must occur for group law and topology to integrate well?
A1: continuous functions
Q2: What is the most simple example of topological groups?
A2: reals R under addition, (R ∖ {0}, ·),
Q3: What variables do locally compact groups share that can be studied by harmonic analysis?
A3: Haar measures
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

Some types of energy are a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy. An example is mechanical energy which is the sum of (usually macroscopic) kinetic and potential energy in a system. Elastic energy in materials is also dependent upon electrical potential energy (among atoms and molecules), as is chemical energy, which is stored and released from a reservoir of electrical potential energy between electrons, and the molecules or atomic nuclei that attract them.[need quotation to verify].The list is also not necessarily complete. Whenever physical scientists discover that a certain phenomenon appears to violate the law of energy conservation, new forms are typically added that account for the discrepancy.

Q1: What is dependent upon electrical potential energy?
A1: Elastic energy in materials
Q2: Where is chemical energy stored and released?
A2: from a reservoir of electrical potential energy between electrons
Q3: Some types of energy are a varying mix of potential and what other kind of energy?
A3: kinetic
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007. Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.

Q1: What types of elevators occassionaly do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room or hoistway?
A1: residential
Q2: What benefits does this serve?
A2: allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation
Q3: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?
A3: 2007
Q4: This decision reflected a revision of what?
A4: the ASME A17.1
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Some video compression schemes typically operate on square-shaped groups of neighboring pixels, often called macroblocks. These pixel groups or blocks of pixels are compared from one frame to the next, and the video compression codec sends only the differences within those blocks. In areas of video with more motion, the compression must encode more data to keep up with the larger number of pixels that are changing. Commonly during explosions, flames, flocks of animals, and in some panning shots, the high-frequency detail leads to quality decreases or to increases in the variable bitrate.

Q1: What compression typically operate on square-shaped groups of pixels?
A1: video
Q2: What only sends the differences within those pixels and blocks?
A2: macroblocks
Q3: What does high-frequency detail lead to?
A3: variable bitrate
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Because they use RNA to store genes, their cellular hosts may synthesize their proteins as soon as they are infected and without the delay in waiting for transcription. On the other hand, RNA retroviruses, such as HIV, require the reverse transcription of their genome from RNA into DNA before their proteins can be synthesized. RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance has also been observed in plants and very rarely in animals.

Q1: In what form do some viruses store their entire genome?
A1: in the form of RNA
Q2: Why do the cellular hosts of some viruses not have to wait for transcription to synthesize their proteins?
A2: Because they use RNA to store genes
Q3: What is one type of an RNA retrovirus?
A3: HIV
Q4: What sort of transcription does the genome of HIV require before its proteins can be synthesized?
A4: reverse transcription
Q5: Besides viruses, where has RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance been observed?
A5: in plants and very rarely in animals
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

Some wrestlers may have their own specific "mini me", like Mascarita Sagrada, Alebrije has Quije, etc. There are also cases in which midgets can become valets for a wrestler, and even get physically involved in matches, like Alushe, who often accompanies Tinieblas, or KeMonito, who is portrayed as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's mascot and is also a valet for Mistico. Dave Finlay was often aided in his matches by a midget known mainly as Hornswoggle while in WWE, who hid under the ring and gave a shillelagh to Finlay to use on his opponent. Finlay also occasionally threw him at his opponent(s). Hornswoggle has also been given a run with the Cruiserweight Championship and feuded with D-Generation X in 2009.

Q1: A wrestler may have a small person called what?
A1: mini me
Q2: What else can a little person do in the match?
A2: become valets
Q3: Who was Dave Finlay often helped by?
A3: Hornswoggle
Q4: What else did Finlay do with his little person?
A4: occasionally threw him at his opponent(s
Q5: What happened to Hornswoggle?
A5: given a run with the Cruiserweight Championship