LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

This time they succeeded, and on 31 December 1600, the Queen granted a Royal Charter to "George, Earl of Cumberland, and 215 Knights, Aldermen, and Burgesses" under the name, Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies. For a period of fifteen years the charter awarded the newly formed company a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first East India Company voyage in 1601 and returned in 1603. and in March 1604 Sir Henry Middleton commanded the second voyage. General William Keeling, a captain during the second voyage, led the third voyage from 1607 to 1610.

Q1: What did the Queen give them for suceeding?
A1: a Royal Charter
Q2: What was the name of the Royal Charter?
A2: Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies
Q3: What did this charter give them?
A3: a monopoly on trade with all countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan
Q4: Who led the third voyage?
A4: General William Keeling
Q5: Who commanded the the voyage between 1601 and 1603?
A5: Sir James Lancaster
Q6: Who commanded the second  voyage in 1604?
A6: Sir Henry Middleton
Q7: What was the rank of the person who commanded the third voyage?
A7: General
Q8: what was the name of the company that traded with East Indies?
A8: Merchants of London
Q9: how many years did the Merchants of London has a monoploy on trade?
A9: fifteen
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

This trend for the king to rely on his own men at the expense of the barons was exacerbated by the tradition of Angevin royal ira et malevolentia – "anger and ill-will" – and John's own personality. From Henry II onwards, ira et malevolentia had come to describe the right of the king to express his anger and displeasure at particular barons or clergy, building on the Norman concept of malevoncia – royal ill-will. In the Norman period, suffering the king's ill-will meant difficulties in obtaining grants, honours or petitions; Henry II had infamously expressed his fury and ill-will towards Thomas Becket; this ultimately resulted in Becket's death. John now had the additional ability to "cripple his vassals" on a significant scale using his new economic and judicial measures, which made the threat of royal anger all the more serious.

Q1: Who did Henry II express his fury and ill-will towards?
A1: Thomas Becket
Q2: What was exacerbated by the tradition of Angevin royal ira et malevolentia?
A2: the king to rely on his own men at the expense of the barons
Q3: John had to additional ability to do what?
A3: cripple his vassals
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Personnel may belong to either the Regular Force or the Reserve Force, which has four sub-components: the Primary Reserve, Supplementary Reserve, Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service, and the Canadian Rangers. Under the National Defence Act, the Canadian Armed Forces are an entity separate and distinct from the Department of National Defence (the federal government department responsible for administration and formation of defence policy), which also exists as the civilian support system for the Forces.

Q1: How many sub components are there?
A1: four
Q2: What act defines the CAF?
A2: the National Defence Act
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

This view is supported by a study of the region where these notions originated. Buddhism arose in Greater Magadha, which stretched from Sravasti, the capital of Kosala in the north-west, to Rajagrha in the south east. This land, to the east of aryavarta, the land of the Aryas, was recognized as non-Vedic. Other Vedic texts reveal a dislike of the people of Magadha, in all probability because the Magadhas at this time were not Brahmanised.[page needed] It was not until the 2nd or 3rd centuries BCE that the eastward spread of Brahmanism into Greater Magadha became significant. Ideas that developed in Greater Magadha prior to this were not subject to Vedic influence. These include rebirth and karmic retribution that appear in a number of movements in Greater Magadha, including Buddhism. These movements inherited notions of rebirth and karmic retribution from an earlier culture[page needed]

Q1: Buddhism arose in what area?
A1: Greater Magadha
Q2: Greater magadha stretched from Sravasti in the north-west to what area in the south-east?
A2: Rajagrha
Q3: What time period did the eastward spread of Brahmanism start?
A3: 2nd or 3rd centuries
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

This view of 'diplomatic drift' as the cause of the war was first popularised by A. W, Kinglake, who portrayed the British as victims of newspaper sensationalism and duplicitous French and Ottoman diplomacy. More recently, the historians Andrew Lambert and Winfried Baumgart have argued that, first, Britain was following a geopolitical strategy in aiming to destroy a fledgling Russian Navy which might challenge the Royal Navy for control of the seas, and second that the war was a joint European response to a century of Russian expansion not just southwards but also into western Europe.

Q1: Who made the view of diplomatic drift popular?
A1: A. W, Kinglake
Q2: What did A.W Kinglake make the British out to be?
A2: as victims
Q3: Who believed Britain was following a strategy when trying to destroy Russian Navy?
A3: Andrew Lambert and Winfried Baumgart
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

This view reveals a somewhat less than altruistic Christian intent of the British Empire; however, it was paradoxical from the beginning, as Simpson and most other writers pointed out. The Ottomans were portrayed as the slavers, but even as the American and British fleets were striking at the Barbary pirates on behalf of freedom, their countries were promulgating a vigorous African slave trade of their own. Charles George Gordon is known as the saint of all British colonial officers. A dedicated Christian, he spent his time between assignments living among the poor and donating his salary on their behalf. He won Ottoman confidence as a junior officer in the Crimean War. In his later career he became a high official in the Ottoman Empire, working as Governor of Egypt for the Ottoman khedive for the purpose of conducting campaigns against slavers and slavery in Egypt and the Sudan.

Q1: The Ottomans were portrayed as what?
A1: the slavers
Q2: Who is known as the saint of all British colonial officers?
A2: Charles George Gordon
Q3: What did Charles George Gordon spend his time between?
A3: assignments living among the poor and donating his salary
Q4: When did he win Ottoman confidence?
A4: as a junior officer in the Crimean War
Q5: What did he become in his later career?
A5: a high official in the Ottoman Empire
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

This was a significant step towards restoring communion between Rome and Constantinople. It produced the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965, which was read out on 7 December 1965, simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Istanbul. The declaration did not end the schism, but showed a desire for greater reconciliation between the two churches. In May 1973, the Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III of Alexandria visited the Vatican, where he met three times with Pope Paul VI. A common declaration and a joint Creed issued after the visit demonstrated that there are virtually no more[additional citation needed] theological discrepancies between the Coptic and Roman Catholic Churches.

Q1: What statement addressed the relationship of Italy to Greece in the Catholic church?
A1: Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965
Q2: In what year was the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration read?
A2: 1965
Q3: In what city was the Catholic-Orthodox joint declaration read?
A3: Rome
Q4: Who visited the Vatican in May of 1973 in an effort to negotiate Orthodox and Catholic relations?
A4: Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III
Q5: How many times did Coptic Patriarch Shenouda III meet with Paul VI in 1973?
A5: three
Title: Miami
Topic: Geography and places

This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the infamous Warsaw Ballroom better known as Warsaw and The Mix where DJs like david padilla (who was the resident DJ for both) and radio. The new sound fed back into mainstream clubs across the country. The scene in SoBe, along with a bustling secondhand market for electronic instruments and turntables, had a strong democratizing effect, offering amateur, "bedroom" DJs the opportunity to become proficient and popular as both music players and producers, regardless of the whims of the professional music and club industries. Some of these notable DJs are John Benetiz (better known as JellyBean Benetiz), Danny Tenaglia, and David Padilla.

Q1: Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ?
A1: david padilla
Q2: By what other name is John Benetiz known?
A2: JellyBean Benetiz
Q3: In what area of Miami is there a notable secondhand turntable market?
A3: SoBe
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender of many of the Ming dynasty's most battle-hardened troops, the death of Yuan Chonghuan at the hands of the Chongzhen Emperor (who thought Yuan had betrayed him), and the complete and permanent withdrawal of the remaining Ming forces north of the Great Wall.

Q1: When were the first couple Han Banners founded?
A1: 1637
Q2: When did the Han Banners grow to eight?
A2: 1642
Q3: Which leader defeated the Ming armies?
A3: Hong Taiji
Q4: Who killed Yuan Chonghuan?
A4: Chongzhen Emperor
Q5: Where did the Ming armies retreat to?
A5: north of the Great Wall
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night.

Q1: Which contestant was saved by the judges after getting the least votes on season 13 of American Idol?
A1: Sam Woolf
Q2: At what point in season 13 did American Idol air its 500th show?
A2: Top 3 performance night
Q3: Contestants could perform what in the final rounds for the first time ever?
A3: songs they wrote themselves
Q4: Who received the Judges' Save this season?
A4: Sam Woolf
Q5: When did the judges use their save on Woolf?
A5: Top 8
Q6: What episode was the 500th of the entire series?
A6: Top 3 performance night
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

This work has been pioneered by John B. Cobb, Jr., whose book Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology (1971) was the first single-authored book in environmental ethics. Cobb also co-authored a book with economist Herman Daly entitled For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future (1989), which applied Whitehead's thought to economics, and received the Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order. Cobb followed this with a second book, Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy (1994), which aimed to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth."

Q1: What was the first book on environmental ethics by an individual author?
A1: Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology
Q2: On which economics book did Cobb collaborate with Herman Daly?
A2: For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future
Q3: What award did Cobb and Daly receive for the book?
A3: Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order
Q4: What other economics book did Cobb go on to author?
A4: Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy
Q5: What was the goal of Cobb's second book on economics?
A5: to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth."
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform."). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.

Q1: Who was appointed general editor for The Times in 1817?
A1: Thomas Barnes
Q2: In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?
A2: his son
Q3: Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?
A3: The Thunderer
Q4: What kind of printing press helped increase the circulation and influence of The Times back in 1817?
A4: steam-driven rotary printing press
Q5: Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841?
A5: John Thadeus Delane
Title: Idealism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Thomas Davidson taught a philosophy called "apeirotheism", a "form of pluralistic idealism...coupled with a stern ethical rigorism" which he defined as "a theory of Gods infinite in number." The theory was indebted to Aristotle's pluralism and his concepts of Soul, the rational, living aspect of a living substance which cannot exist apart from the body because it is not a substance but an essence, and nous, rational thought, reflection and understanding. Although a perennial source of controversy, Aristotle arguably views the latter as both eternal and immaterial in nature, as exemplified in his theology of unmoved movers. Identifying Aristotle's God with rational thought, Davidson argued, contrary to Aristotle, that just as the soul cannot exist apart from the body, God cannot exist apart from the world.

Q1: What was the name of the philosophy preached by Thomas Davidson?
A1: apeirotheism
Q2: What type of idealism was Thomas Davidson's philosophy?
A2: pluralistic
Q3: According to Davidson, how many gods are there?
A3: infinite
Q4: By whose philosophy was Davidson influenced?
A4: Aristotle
Q5: What did Davidson believe the God of Aristotle is synonymous with?
A5: rational thought
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on 22 October 1879, and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by 4 November 1879, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including using "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways," Edison and his team later discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last more than 1200 hours. In 1880, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company steamer, Columbia, became the first application for Edison's incandescent electric lamps (it was also the first ship to execute use of a dynamo).

Q1: When did Edison begin research into incandescent lighting?
A1: 1878
Q2: With what material did Edison make his first filament?
A2: carbon
Q3: How long did Edison's light burn during his first successful test in 1879?
A3: 13.5 hours
Q4: What type of wood did Edison use in his improved filament?
A4: bamboo
Q5: What was the name of the first ship to use Edison's lamp?
A5: Columbia
Title: IBM
Topic: History

Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. "Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines". First as a name for a 1917 Canadian subsidiary, then as a line in advertisements. For example, the McClures magazine, v53, May 1921, has a full page ad with, at the bottom:

Q1: In what year did Thomas J. Watson, Sr. join CTR?
A1: 1914
Q2: Thomas J. Watson Sr. was fired from what company?
A2: National Cash Register Company
Q3: What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.?
A3: THINK
Q4: The revenues did what under the first 4 years of Watson being president?
A4: more than doubled to $9 million
Q5: The name International Business Machines was first used in what year?
A5: 1917
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Thomas Jefferson observed a tendency for "The functionaries of every government ... to command at will the liberty and property of their constituents. There is no safe deposit [for liberty and property] ... without information. Where the press is free, and every man able to read, all is safe."

Q1: According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what?
A1: safe
Title: Spectre_(2015_film)
Topic: Media and drama

Thomas Newman returned as Spectre's composer. Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production, Newman worked during filming. The theatrical trailer released in July 2015 contained a rendition of John Barry's On Her Majesty's Secret Service theme. Mendes revealed that the final film would have more than one hundred minutes of music. The soundtrack album was released on 23 October 2015 in the UK and 6 November 2015 in the USA on the Decca Records label.

Q1: Who wrote the music for Spectre?
A1: Thomas Newman
Q2: When was the soundtrack of Spectre first available for purchase in the UK?
A2: 23 October 2015
Q3: What company published the Spectre soundtrack?
A3: Decca Records
Q4: Who composed the score for the film?
A4: Thomas Newman
Q5: Which record label was the soundtrack album released on?
A5: Decca Records
Q6: Did Thomas Newman compose the score after filming or during filming?
A6: during filming.
Q7: When was the theatrical trailer of the movie released?
A7: July 2015
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

Those involved in producing professional wrestling have developed a kind of global fraternity, with familial bonds, shared language and passed-down traditions. New performers are expected to "pay their dues" for a few years by working in lower-profile promotions and working as ring crew before working their way upward. The permanent rosters of most promotions develop a backstage pecking order, with veterans mediating conflicts and mentoring younger wrestlers. For many decades (and still to a lesser extent today), performers were expected to keep the illusions of wrestling's legitimacy alive even while not performing, essentially acting in character any time they were in public. Some veterans speak of a "sickness" among wrestling performers, an inexplicable pull to remain active in the wrestling world despite the devastating effects the job can have on one's life and health.

Q1: What is expected of newcomers? 
A1: to "pay their dues" for a few years by working in lower-profile promotions
Q2: What were wrestlers expected to do for decades? 
A2: keep the illusions of wrestling's legitimacy alive
Q3: How did wrestlers have to act in public? 
A3: acting in character
Q4: What effects can wrestling have on the wrestlers? 
A4: devastating effects the job can have on one's life and health
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any setting in the first century and a half of Christian churches (33 AD to 180AD). The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. Toward the end of the 2nd century, Christians began condemning the instruments themselves. Those who oppose instruments today believe these Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church,[citation needed] but there are significant differences between the teachings of these Church Fathers and Christian opposition to instruments today.

Q1: What does the rejection of instruments in Christian music likely stem from?
A1: an interpretation of history
Q2: During what time is there no record of Christians using instruments for worship?
A2: 33 AD to 180AD
Q3: At what point did instruments begin to receive condemnation from Christians?
A3: the 2nd century
Q4: For what reason do modern Christians continue to oppose the use of instruments?
A4: Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

Q1: What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil?
A1: blacks
Q2: How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race?
A2: 80%
Q3: When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act?
A3: 1965
Q4: When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?
A4: 1970s
Q5: What large hurricane hit New Orleans?
A5: Hurricane Katrina
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

Though Britain and the empire emerged victorious from the Second World War, the effects of the conflict were profound, both at home and abroad. Much of Europe, a continent that had dominated the world for several centuries, was in ruins, and host to the armies of the United States and the Soviet Union, who now held the balance of global power. Britain was left essentially bankrupt, with insolvency only averted in 1946 after the negotiation of a $US 4.33 billion loan (US$56 billion in 2012) from the United States, the last instalment of which was repaid in 2006. At the same time, anti-colonial movements were on the rise in the colonies of European nations. The situation was complicated further by the increasing Cold War rivalry of the United States and the Soviet Union. In principle, both nations were opposed to European colonialism. In practice, however, American anti-communism prevailed over anti-imperialism, and therefore the United States supported the continued existence of the British Empire to keep Communist expansion in check. The "wind of change" ultimately meant that the British Empire's days were numbered, and on the whole, Britain adopted a policy of peaceful disengagement from its colonies once stable, non-Communist governments were available to transfer power to. This was in contrast to other European powers such as France and Portugal, which waged costly and ultimately unsuccessful wars to keep their empires intact. Between 1945 and 1965, the number of people under British rule outside the UK itself fell from 700 million to five million, three million of whom were in Hong Kong.

Q1: How much money did the US loan to Britain after WW2?
A1: $US 4.33 billion
Q2: When did Britain finish paying back the US loan?
A2: 2006
Q3: When did the US make a large loan to Britain?
A3: 1946
Q4: Though the US and the Soviet Union were both against colonialism, what was the US more afraid of?
A4: communism
Q5: How many people outside the UK were under British rule in 1945?
A5: 700 million
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. decision. Leading actors were increasingly free to work where and when they chose, and in 1950 MCA agent Lew Wasserman made a deal with Universal for his client James Stewart that would change the rules of the business. Wasserman's deal gave Stewart a share in the profits of three pictures in lieu of a large salary. When one of those films, Winchester '73, proved to be a hit, the arrangement would become the rule for many future productions at Universal, and eventually at other studios as well.

Q1: Who was a notable talent agent circa 1950?
A1: Lew Wasserman
Q2: What star did Lew Wasserman represent?
A2: James Stewart
Q3: What actor featured in Winchester '73?
A3: James Stewart
Q4: What legal decision resulted in movie studios letting their contract actors go?
A4: U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al.
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls once stood, and two rammed-earth castles in Gansu. The ruins of rammed-earth walls that once surrounded the capitals Chang'an and Luoyang still stand, along with their drainage systems of brick arches, ditches, and ceramic water pipes. Monumental stone pillar-gates, twenty-nine of which survive from the Han period, formed entrances of walled enclosures at shrine and tomb sites. These pillars feature artistic imitations of wooden and ceramic building components such as roof tiles, eaves, and balustrades.

Q1: How many stone pillar-gates survive from the Han era?
A1: twenty-nine
Q2: What architectural feature contained an imitation of a balustrade?
A2: stone pillar-gates
Q3: What building material were tomb chambers constructed with?
A3: brick
Q4: What were the walls that encompassed the city of Luoyang comprised of?
A4: rammed-earth
Q5: What type of system used ceramic water pipes?
A5: drainage systems
Title: Houston
Topic: History

Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.

Q1: What is the largest city in the U.S. without formal zoning?
A1: Houston
Q2: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have?
A2: mandatory lot size
Q3: What is Houston's land use policies credited with producing?
A3: affordable housing
Q4: What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared?
A4: real estate crisis
Q5: How many building permits were issued in 2008 in Houston?
A5: 42,697
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.

Q1: What are Jehovah Witnesses allowed to accept at their discretion? 
A1: blood plasma fractions
Q2: What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit?
A2: major blood components
Q3: What can Jehovah's Witnesses' members specify on the canned legal forms from the WTS?
A3: allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept
Q4: What cooperative arrangement did Jehovah's Witnesses establish?
A4: Hospital Liaison Committees
Q5: The Hospital Liaison Committees serve to bridge between hospitals, medical professionals and who?
A5: individual Jehovah's Witnesses
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

Though almost any variety of acoustic mandolin might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes to the Italian-style bowl-back mandolins or the carved-top mandolins with f-holes favoured by bluegrass mandolinists. The former are often too soft-toned to hold their own in a session (as well as having a tendency to not stay in place on the player's lap), whilst the latter tend to sound harsh and overbearing to the traditional ear. The f-hole mandolin, however, does come into its own in a traditional session, where its brighter tone cuts through the sonic clutter of a pub. Greatly preferred for formal performance and recording are flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins (reminiscent of the WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin) and carved (arch) top mandolins with oval soundholes, such as the Gibson A-style of the 1920s.

Q1: What types of instruments do irish player prefer?
A1: might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes
Q2: Why is it said that the Italian style can't hold their own session? 
A2: too soft-toned
Q3: Which type mandolin had a tendency not to stay in the player's lap?
A3: the carved-top mandolins with f-holes
Q4: Which mandolin was preferred for formal performances and recordings? 
A4: flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins
Q5: What was the Irish style mandolin reminiscent of?
A5: WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Though based upon Mahayana, Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism is one of the schools that practice Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle" (also referred to as Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism, or esoteric Buddhism). It accepts all the basic concepts of Mahāyāna, but also includes a vast array of spiritual and physical techniques designed to enhance Buddhist practice. Tantric Buddhism is largely concerned with ritual and meditative practices. One component of the Vajrayāna is harnessing psycho-physical energy through ritual, visualization, physical exercises, and meditation as a means of developing the mind. Using these techniques, it is claimed that a practitioner can achieve Buddhahood in one lifetime, or even as little as three years. In the Tibetan tradition, these practices can include sexual yoga, though only for some very advanced practitioners.

Q1: What type of Buddhism is Tibeto-Mongolian based on?
A1: Mahayana
Q2: What is the English term for Vajrayana?
A2: Diamond Vehicle
Q3: What type of Buddhism is concerned with ritual and meditative practices?
A3: Tantric
Q4: Psycho-physical energy is harnessed through what?
A4: ritual
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

Though considerably easier than in machine language, writing long programs in assembly language is often difficult and is also error prone. Therefore, most practical programs are written in more abstract high-level programming languages that are able to express the needs of the programmer more conveniently (and thereby help reduce programmer error). High level languages are usually "compiled" into machine language (or sometimes into assembly language and then into machine language) using another computer program called a compiler. High level languages are less related to the workings of the target computer than assembly language, and more related to the language and structure of the problem(s) to be solved by the final program. It is therefore often possible to use different compilers to translate the same high level language program into the machine language of many different types of computer. This is part of the means by which software like video games may be made available for different computer architectures such as personal computers and various video game consoles.

Q1: Assembly language that is translated into machine language is done by what type of computer?
A1: a compiler
Title: Translation
Topic: Language and literature

Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions and practiced by translators taught in Western-style educational systems, Chinese and related translation traditions retain some theories and philosophies unique to the Chinese tradition.

Q1: When it comes to translation, what is less commonly used today?
A1: earlier approaches
Q2: When do earlier approaches to translation still have relevance for historians?
A2: when historians view ancient or medieval records
Q3: What do historians try to piece together from pre-Western environments?
A3: events
Q4: What do Chinese and related translations retain unique to their tradition?
A4: theories and philosophies
Title: Northwestern_University
Topic: History

Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw a notable increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution, and the Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men. On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates.

Q1: In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 2 days before his scheduled death?
A1: Northwestern student journalists
Q2: What Northwestern program is responsible for exonerating more than 10 men?
A2: the Innocence Project
Q3: In 2003, where did Governor George Ryan announce that the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates would be commuted?
A3: Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall
Q4: What was President Arnold R. Weber able to do with Northwestern's finances as the government's support of universities declined in the 70's and 80's?
A4: stabilize
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Though human activities have allowed the expansion of a few species, such as the barn swallow and European starling, they have caused population decreases or extinction in many other species. Over a hundred bird species have gone extinct in historical times, although the most dramatic human-caused avian extinctions, eradicating an estimated 750–1800 species, occurred during the human colonisation of Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian islands. Many bird populations are declining worldwide, with 1,227 species listed as threatened by BirdLife International and the IUCN in 2009.

Q1: How many bird species have gone extinct in historical times?
A1: Over a hundred
Q2: How many species are listed as threatened by BirdLife International and the IUCN?
A2: 1,227
Q3: When did the most dramatic human-caused avian extinctions occur?
A3: during the human colonisation of Melanesian, Polynesian, and Micronesian islands
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

Though it is the most played local derby in the history of La Liga, it is also the most unbalanced, with Barcelona overwhelmingly dominant. In the primera división league table, Espanyol has only managed to end above Barça on three occasions from 80 seasons (1928–2015) and the only all-Catalan Copa del Rey final was won by Barça in 1957. Espanyol has the consolation of achieving the largest margin win with a 6–0 in 1951, while Barcelona's biggest win was 5–0 on five occasions (in 1933, 1947, 1964, 1975 and 1992). Espanyol achieved a 2–1 win against Barça during the 2008–09 season, becoming the first team to defeat Barcelona at Camp Nou in their treble-winning season.

Q1: What team is dominate in won games in La Liga?
A1: Barcelona
Q2: What team has beaten Barcelona three times in 80 seasons?
A2: Espanyol
Q3: What team won the all-Catalan Copa del Rey in 1957?
A3: Barcelona
Q4: Which team has the largest margin win?
A4: Espanyol
Q5: When was Espanyol's margin win of 6-0?
A5: 1951
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Though it was known in the nineteenth century that bacteria are the cause of many diseases, no effective antibacterial treatments were available. In 1910, Paul Ehrlich developed the first antibiotic, by changing dyes that selectively stained Treponema pallidum — the spirochaete that causes syphilis — into compounds that selectively killed the pathogen. Ehrlich had been awarded a 1908 Nobel Prize for his work on immunology, and pioneered the use of stains to detect and identify bacteria, with his work being the basis of the Gram stain and the Ziehl–Neelsen stain.

Q1: When was the first antibiotic discovered?
A1: In 1910
Q2: Who was the creator of antibiotic?
A2: Paul Ehrlich
Q3: What bacteria did he treat first?
A3: Treponema pallidum
Q4: How was his discovery aknowledged?
A4: had been awarded a 1908 Nobel Prize
Q5: Who based their research on Enrlich's stains works?
A5: Gram stain and the Ziehl–Neelsen
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the French market. Mohamed Ali Pasha accepted the proposition and granted himself the monopoly on the sale and export of cotton in Egypt; and later dictated cotton should be grown in preference to other crops. By the time of the American Civil war annual exports had reached $16 million (120,000 bales), which rose to $56 million by 1864, primarily due to the loss of the Confederate supply on the world market. Exports continued to grow even after the reintroduction of US cotton, produced now by a paid workforce, and Egyptian exports reached 1.2 million bales a year by 1903.

Q1: When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt?
A1: 1820's,
Q2: What French businessman convinced the ruler of Egypt to grow cotton for the French market?
A2: M. Jumel
Q3: Who was ruler of Egypt in the 1820s?
A3: Mohamed Ali Pasha
Q4: How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the American Civil War?
A4: $56 million
Q5: How many bales of cotton were produced by Egypt by 1903?
A5: 1.2 million bales a year
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Though many of the events were outside the traditional time-period of the Middle Ages, the end of the unity of the Western Church (the Protestant Reformation), was one of the distinguishing characteristics of the medieval period. The Catholic Church had long fought against heretic movements, but during the Late Middle Ages, it started to experience demands for reform from within. The first of these came from Oxford professor John Wycliffe in England. Wycliffe held that the Bible should be the only authority in religious questions, and he spoke out against transubstantiation, celibacy and indulgences. In spite of influential supporters among the English aristocracy, such as John of Gaunt, the movement was not allowed to survive. Though Wycliffe himself was left unmolested, his supporters, the Lollards, were eventually suppressed in England.

Q1: Which Oxford professor believed that the Bible should be the sole authority in religious questions?
A1: John Wycliffe
Q2: What were Jon Wycliffe's supporters called?
A2: the Lollards
Q3: What was the event that ended religious unity in the Western Church?
A3: the Protestant Reformation
Q4: Which Catholic practices did Wycliffe speak out against?
A4: transubstantiation, celibacy and indulgences
Q5: Who was one of the English aristocrats who supported the Lollard movement?
A5: John of Gaunt
Title: Clothing
Topic: Natural sciences

Though mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of benefits, and lack of worker representation. While most examples of such conditions are found in developing countries, clothes made in industrialized nations may also be manufactured similarly, often staffed by undocumented immigrants.[citation needed]

Q1: What type of conditions do many garment works endure?
A1: challenging
Q2: What type of clothing is frequently the product of sweatshops?
A2: Mass-produced
Q3: What is a feature of sweatshops beyond lack of benefits and representation?
A3: long work hours
Q4: Poor conditions found in developing countries may also be found in what type of nations?
A4: industrialized
Q5: What type of immigrant often staff sweatshops?
A5: undocumented
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

Though most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer (hot-swapping), making it useful for mobile peripherals, including drives of various kinds (given SATA or SCSI devices may or may not support hot-swapping).

Q1: Since when can most computers boot from USB mass storage devices?
A1: since mid-2004
Q2: What is USB not intended for?
A2: a primary bus for a computer's internal storage
Q3: What is an important advantage of USB?
A3: it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer
Q4: Buses such as Parallel ATA fulfill what role in PC computers?
A4: a computer's internal storage
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Though much of Enlightenment political thought was dominated by social contract theorists, both David Hume and Adam Ferguson criticized this camp. Hume's essay Of the Original Contract argues that governments derived from consent are rarely seen, and civil government is grounded in a ruler's habitual authority and force. It is precisely because of the ruler's authority over-and-against the subject, that the subject tacitly consents; Hume says that the subjects would "never imagine that their consent made him sovereign", rather the authority did so. Similarly, Ferguson did not believe citizens built the state, rather polities grew out of social development. In his 1767 An Essay on the History of Civil Society, Ferguson uses the four stages of progress, a theory that was very popular in Scotland at the time, to explain how humans advance from a hunting and gathering society to a commercial and civil society without "signing" a social contract.

Q1: In what work did Ferguson explain how humans advanced from a hunting and gathering society to a commercial and civil society without "signing" a social contract?
A1: An Essay on the History of Civil Society
Q2: In what year did Ferguson publish An Essay on the History of Civil Society?
A2: 1767
Q3: How many stages of progress did Ferguson theorize?
A3: four
Q4: Who, along with Adam Ferguson, criticized the idea of social contract theorists?
A4: David Hume
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

Though pesticide regulations differ from country to country, pesticides, and products on which they were used are traded across international borders. To deal with inconsistencies in regulations among countries, delegates to a conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization adopted an International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides in 1985 to create voluntary standards of pesticide regulation for different countries. The Code was updated in 1998 and 2002. The FAO claims that the code has raised awareness about pesticide hazards and decreased the number of countries without restrictions on pesticide use.

Q1: Is the trade of pesticides and pesticide treated goods limited to the United States?
A1: traded across international borders
Q2: What commitee deals with differences in rules governing the use of pesticides among different countries?
A2: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
Q3: When was the international code which governs the distribution and use of pesticides established?
A3: 1985
Q4: How recently were voluntary standards of pesticide regulation updated?
A4: 2002