LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Xbox_360
Topic: Video games

When the Xbox 360 was released, Microsoft's online gaming service Xbox Live was shut down for 24 hours and underwent a major upgrade, adding a basic non-subscription service called Xbox Live Silver (later renamed Xbox Live Free) to its already established premium subscription-based service (which was renamed Gold). Xbox Live Free is included with all SKUs of the console. It allows users to create a user profile, join on message boards, and access Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade and Marketplace and talk to other members. A Live Free account does not generally support multiplayer gaming; however, some games that have rather limited online functions already, (such as Viva Piñata) or games that feature their own subscription service (e.g. EA Sports games) can be played with a Free account. Xbox Live also supports voice the latter a feature possible with the Xbox Live Vision.

Q1: What was the name of the non-subscription Xbox online gaming service?
A1: Xbox Live Silver
Q2: What was the "color" name given to the premium version of Xbox Live?
A2: Gold
Q3: What key feature is not supported by the free version of Live?
A3: multiplayer gaming
Q4: Which popular gaming titles have their own online service outside Xbox Live?
A4: EA Sports games
Q5: Voice support came online with what feature addition?
A5: Xbox Live Vision
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when the presiding officers of both houses, having received the letters patent from the king or queen signifying the assent, have notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent. Thus, if each presiding officer makes the announcement at a different time (for instance because one house is not sitting on a certain date), assent is regarded as effective when the second announcement is made. This is important because, under British Law, unless there is any provision to the contrary, an act takes effect on the date on which it receives royal assent and that date is not regarded as being the date when the letters patent are signed, or when they are delivered to the presiding officers of each house, but the date on which both houses have been formally acquainted of the assent.

Q1: When assent is granted in person, when is it formally considered final?
A1: when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled
Q2: An assent is considered granted when applying the Royal Assent Act 1967 when both presiding officers have done what?
A2: notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent
Q3: When is assent effective if the presiding officers inform their houses at different times?
A3: when the second announcement is made
Title: Alloy
Topic: Mathematics

When the alloy cools and solidifies (crystallizes), its mechanical properties will often be quite different from those of its individual constituents. A metal that is normally very soft and malleable, such as aluminium, can be altered by alloying it with another soft metal, like copper. Although both metals are very soft and ductile, the resulting aluminium alloy will be much harder and stronger. Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron produces an alloy called steel. Due to its very-high strength and toughness (which is much higher than pure iron), and its ability to be greatly altered by heat treatment, steel is one of the most common alloys in modern use. By adding chromium to steel, its resistance to corrosion can be enhanced, creating stainless steel, while adding silicon will alter its electrical characteristics, producing silicon steel.

Q1: How is steel produced?
A1: Adding a small amount of non-metallic carbon to iron
Q2: What kind of metal is soft like copper?
A2: aluminium
Q3: What can be added to steel to enhance is corrosion resistance?
A3: chromium
Q4: What is superior to pure iron?
A4: steel
Q5: What is another word for when alloys solidify?
A5: crystallizes
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB assembly (PCBA). The IPC preferred term for assembled boards is circuit card assembly (CCA), and for assembled backplanes it is backplane assemblies. The term PCB is used informally both for bare and assembled boards.

Q1: What's the more appropriate, but mostly unused, name for a printed circuit board when it doesn't have embedded components?
A1: printed wiring board
Q2: What's the abbreviation for a printed wiring board?
A2: PWB
Q3: What would we call a printed circuit board with embedded electronics, abbreviated PCA?
A3: printed circuit assembly
Q4: What organization likes the term "circuit card assembly" for boards that have already been assembled?
A4: IPC
Q5: What abbreviation would the IPC use for an assembled circuit board?
A5: CCA
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

When the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of "fine folks" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the characters.

Q1: Besides the children's fascination with Boo, the first part of the book was concerned about their feelings for what?
A1: the neighborhood
Q2: Lee's detailed explanations of the characters' behaviors caused one writer to catagorize the book as what?
A2: Southern romantic regionalism
Q3: Scout defined people doing the best they could with what they had as who?
A3: fine folks
Q4: What drives the plot of the book more than the characters?
A4: The South itself
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power.

Q1: Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously?
A1: Harley and St John
Q2: Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?
A2: Clarendon
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calling itself the Government of National Defence. After the German victory at Sedan, most of the French standing army was either besieged in Metz or prisoner of the Germans, who hoped for an armistice and an end to the war. Bismarck wanted an early peace but had difficulty in finding a legitimate French authority with which to negotiate. The Government of National Defence had no electoral mandate, the Emperor was a captive and the Empress in exile but there had been no abdication de jure and the army was still bound by an oath of allegiance to the defunct imperial régime.

Q1: Whose surrender hit Paris as big news?
A1: Napoleon III
Q2: Which empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris?
A2: the Second Empire
Q3: The uprising forced a proclamation of what?
A3: Provisional Government and a Third Republic
Q4: How did the new government refer to itself?
A4: Government of National Defence
Q5: Bismarck desired an early piece but lacked what in the negotiation process?
A5: a legitimate French authority
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

When the news arrived in England it caused an outcry. In response, a combined bounty of £1,000 was offered for Every's capture by the Privy Council and East India Company, leading to the first worldwide manhunt in recorded history. The plunder of Aurangzeb's treasure ship had serious consequences for the English East India Company. The furious Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb ordered Sidi Yaqub and Nawab Daud Khan to attack and close four of the company's factories in India and imprison their officers, who were almost lynched by a mob of angry Mughals, blaming them for their countryman's depredations, and threatened to put an end to all English trading in India. To appease Emperor Aurangzeb and particularly his Grand Vizier Asad Khan, Parliament exempted Every from all of the Acts of Grace (pardons) and amnesties it would subsequently issue to other pirates.

Q1: Who caused the first worldwide manhunt?
A1: Every
Q2: What was the total bounty offered for Captian Every after England heard that the Ganj-i-Sawai was  taken
A2: £1,000
Q3: Captian Every was the focus of the first recorded worldwide.... what in history?
A3: manhunt
Q4: What was the name of the  council that offered part of the bounty for Captain Every
A4: Privy Council
Q5: Who took 4 East India ship and arrested their officers as a reaction to the attack on Ganj-i-Sawai
A5: Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
Q6: Due to the danger the Captian Every put the trading abiliy of East India Company what  Act would he never qualify for that other pirate were later offered?
A6: Acts of Grace
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of senior fellow members of the parliamentary group to serve as critics of aspects of government policy. When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government, the party's parliamentary group forms the Official Opposition, with Official Opposition frontbench team members often forming the Official Opposition Shadow cabinet. When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority, the party's frontbench becomes the Cabinet of government ministers.

Q1: When does a party form an official opposition?
A1: When a party becomes the largest party not part of the Government
Q2: What type of parties allow leaders to form frontbench teams?
A2: Westminster-based parties
Q3: When does a party's frontbench become the Cabinet of government ministers?
A3: When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority
Q4: If a party is represented by members from the lower house of parliament, what other position can the party leader serve?
A4: leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine troubles; only the turret ship SMS Arminius was available to conduct operations. By the time engine repairs had been completed, the French fleet had already departed. The blockade proved only partially successful due to crucial oversights by the planners in Paris. Reservists that were supposed to be at the ready in case of war, were working in the Newfoundland fisheries or in Scotland. Only part of the 470-ship French Navy put to sea on 24 July. Before long, the French navy ran short of coal, needing 200 short tons (180 t) per day and having a bunker capacity in the fleet of only 250 short tons (230 t). A blockade of Wilhelmshaven failed and conflicting orders about operations in the Baltic Sea or a return to France, made the French naval efforts futile. Spotting a blockade-runner became unwelcome because of the question du charbon; pursuit of Prussian ships quickly depleted the coal reserves of the French ships.

Q1: A blockade of what coastline was ordered by the French government at the start of the war?
A1: North German coasts
Q2: The small North German navy had how many ironclads at their disposal?
A2: only five
Q3: What was the name of the only turret ship that was able to conduct operations?
A3: SMS Arminius
Q4: How many ships was the French navy able to dispatch to sea?
A4: 470
Q5: In pursuing Prussian ships, what resource was quickly depleted?
A5: coal reserves
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

When the war had begun, European public opinion heavily favored the Germans; many Italians attempted to sign up as volunteers at the Prussian embassy in Florence and a Prussian diplomat visited Giuseppe Garibaldi in Caprera. Bismarck's demand for the return of Alsace caused a dramatic shift in that sentiment in Italy, which was best exemplified by the reaction of Garibaldi soon after the revolution in Paris, who told the Movimento of Genoa on 7 September 1870 that "Yesterday I said to you: war to the death to Bonaparte. Today I say to you: rescue the French Republic by every means." Garibaldi went to France and assumed command of the Army of the Vosges, with which he operated around Dijon till the end of the war.

Q1: At the start of the war, which country did European public opinion champion?
A1: the Germans
Q2: In which city did many Italians attempt to proffer their services to the Prussian embassy?
A2: Florence
Q3: What caused a dramatic shift in Italian sentiment toward the war?
A3: Bismarck's demand for the return of Alsace
Q4: To whom is the quote, "Rescue the French Republic by every means" attributed?
A4: Garibaldi
Q5: What army did Garibaldi gain command of in France?
A5: the Army of the Vosges
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors.

Q1: What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended?
A1: the first rudiments of state organizations
Q2: When did the first rudiments of state organizations appear among the Slavs?
A2: When their migratory movements ended
Q3: Early state organizations where headed by what?
A3: a prince with a treasury and a defense force
Q4: Noble Slavs pledged allegiance to whom?
A4: the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

When there is a potential difference across the conductors (e.g., when a capacitor is attached across a battery), an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge +Q to collect on one plate and negative charge −Q to collect on the other plate. If a battery has been attached to a capacitor for a sufficient amount of time, no current can flow through the capacitor. However, if a time-varying voltage is applied across the leads of the capacitor, a displacement current can flow.

Q1: When does an electric field develop across the dielectric?
A1: When there is a potential difference across the conductors
Q2: Under what condition can a displacement current flow in a capacitor?
A2: if a time-varying voltage is applied across the leads
Q3: What is an example of when there exists a potential difference across the conductors? 
A3: when a capacitor is attached across a battery
Q4: What happens to the current when a battery has been attached to a capacitor for an adequate amount of time?
A4: no current can flow through the capacitor
Q5: How do charges accumulate on each plate of a capacitor after an electric field has developed across the dielectric?
A5: positive charge +Q to collect on one plate and negative charge −Q to collect on the other
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party was the Rockingham Whigs under the leadership of Charles Watson-Wentworth and the intellectual guidance of the political philosopher Edmund Burke. Burke laid out a philosophy that described the basic framework of the political party as "a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest, upon some particular principle in which they are all agreed". As opposed to the instability of the earlier factions, which were often tied to a particular leader and could disintegrate if removed from power, the party was centred around a set of core principles and remained out of power as a united opposition to government.

Q1: Who was the first distinctive Whig party that emerged from the chaos?
A1: the Rockingham Whigs
Q2: Who was the leader of the Rockingham Whigs?
A2: Charles Watson-Wentworth
Q3: What was the description for the basic framework of the Rockingham Whigs party?
A3: "a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest, upon some particular principle in which they are all agreed"
Q4: Did the Rockingham Whigs ever regain power as a opposition to the government?
A4: remained out of power as a united opposition to government.
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

When unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data is processed and sent to output devices. The input devices may be hand-operated or automated. The act of processing is mainly regulated by the CPU. Some examples of hand-operated input devices are:

Q1: Processing data from input and output devices is typically done by what?
A1: CPU
Q2: Where is the data from input devices sent to after being processed?
A2: output devices
Title: Culture
Topic: Philosophy and religion

When used as a count noun "a culture", is the set of customs, traditions and values of a society or community, such as an ethnic group or nation. In this sense, multiculturalism is a concept that values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same territory. Sometimes "culture" is also used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society, a subculture (e.g. "bro culture"), or a counter culture. Within cultural anthropology, the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism holds that cultures cannot easily be objectively ranked or evaluated because any evaluation is necessarily situated within the value system of a given culture.

Q1: What does the term "Count Noun" mean?
A1: a culture
Q2: What cultural traits fall under the term count noun?
A2: customs, traditions and values of a society or community
Q3: What falls within the term "cultural anthropology"?
A3: the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

When used with a load that has a torque curve that increases with speed, the motor will operate at the speed where the torque developed by the motor is equal to the load torque. Reducing the load will cause the motor to speed up, and increasing the load will cause the motor to slow down until the load and motor torque are equal. Operated in this manner, the slip losses are dissipated in the secondary resistors and can be very significant. The speed regulation and net efficiency is also very poor.

Q1: What will a motor do if the load is reduced?
A1: speed up
Q2: What will a motor do if the load is increased?
A2: slow down
Q3: Where are slip losses dissipated?
A3: secondary resistors
Q4: How efficient is such a design?
A4: very poor
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

When war broke out between France and its rivals, Russian and Austrian forces invaded Switzerland. The Swiss refused to fight alongside the French in the name of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803 Napoleon organised a meeting of the leading Swiss politicians from both sides in Paris. The result was the Act of Mediation which largely restored Swiss autonomy and introduced a Confederation of 19 cantons. Henceforth, much of Swiss politics would concern balancing the cantons' tradition of self-rule with the need for a central government.

Q1: During the Helvetic Republic, which forces invaded Switzerland when war broke out between France and its rivals?
A1: Russian and Austrian
Q2: Who refused to fight alongside the Helvetic Republic when it was invaded by the Russians and Austrians?
A2: The Swiss
Q3: What Act was the result of a meeting of Swiss politicians organized by Napolean?
A3: Act of Mediation
Q4: What was the Act of Mediation responsible for restoring?
A4: Swiss autonomy
Q5: How many cantons were introduced as a Confederation by the Act of Mediation?
A5: 19
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

When war with France broke out again in 1202, John achieved early victories, but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman, Breton and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204. John spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands, raising huge revenues, reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances. John's judicial reforms had a lasting impact on the English common law system, as well as providing an additional source of revenue. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute finally settled by the king in 1213. John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed due to the French victory over John's allies at the battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles. Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215, neither side complied with its conditions. Civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Louis of France. It soon descended into a stalemate. John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.

Q1: When did war with France break out?
A1: 1202
Q2: When was John excommunicated?
A2: 1209
Q3: When was the Magna Carta peace treaty agreed upon?
A3: 1215
Q4: Who won victory over Louis and the rebel barons?
A4: Henry III
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

Where Congress does not make great and sweeping delegations of its authority, the Supreme Court has been less stringent. One of the earliest cases involving the exact limits of non-delegation was Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825). Congress had delegated to the courts the power to prescribe judicial procedure; it was contended that Congress had thereby unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers. While Chief Justice John Marshall conceded that the determination of rules of procedure was a legislative function, he distinguished between "important" subjects and mere details. Marshall wrote that "a general provision may be made, and power given to those who are to act under such general provisions, to fill up the details."

Q1: What was one of the first times the Supreme Court tried a case regarding nondelegation?
A1: Wayman v. Southard
Q2: In what year was Wayman v. Southard tried by the U.S. Supreme Court?
A2: 1825
Q3: Who was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court when Wayman v. Southard reached the Supreme Court?
A3: John Marshall
Q4: In Wayman v. Southard, what branch was accused of being given lawmaking abilities by Congress?
A4: the judiciary
Q5: What is the name of the 1825 case where the supreme court held that congress could delegate their responsibilities to the court?
A5: Wayman v. Southard
Q6: Who was chief justice of the supreme court under the Wayman v. Southard ruling?
A6: John Marshall
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a particular region or regions. In Spain, the Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians, spearheaded a historic movement to have their national specificity recognized, crystallizing in the "historical communities" such as Navarre, Galicia, Catalonia, and the Basque Country. They have more powers than the later expanded arrangement for other Spanish regions, or the Spain of the autonomous communities (called also the "coffee for everyone" arrangement), partly to deal with their separate identity and to appease peripheral nationalist leanings, partly out of respect to specific rights they had held earlier in history. However, strictly speaking Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.

Q1: What does every component state of federation possess?
A1: the same powers
Q2: Asymmetric federalism exist when?
A2: where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do
Q3: What cities in Spain are in the historic movement?
A3: Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians
Q4: Is Spain apart of federalism?
A4: Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

Where old disc recordings are considered to be of artistic or historic interest, from before the era of tape or where no tape master exists, archivists play back the disc on suitable equipment and record the result, typically onto a digital format, which can be copied and manipulated to remove analog flaws without any further damage to the source recording. For example, Nimbus Records uses a specially built horn record player to transfer 78s. Anyone can do this using a standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer. However, for accurate transfer, professional archivists carefully choose the correct stylus shape and diameter, tracking weight, equalisation curve and other playback parameters and use high-quality analogue-to-digital converters.

Q1: Is it difficult to transfer recording from historic interest to newer technologies?
A1: Anyone can do this
Q2: What would offer the highest quality transfers of historic interest?
A2: professional archivists
Q3: What would a hobbiest need to transfer historic recordings to digital formats?
A3: standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer
Q4: Is an original destroyed when transferred to digital format?
A4: without any further damage to the source recording
Q5: What is one benefit of transferring an older format to a newer format?
A5: manipulated to remove analog flaws
Title: Christian
Topic: Language and literature

Where there is a distinction, Nasrani refers to people from a Christian culture and Masihi means those with a religious faith in Jesus. In some countries Nasrani tends to be used generically for non-Muslim Western foreigners, e.g. "blond people."

Q1: Which term is in reference to people from a Christian culture?
A1: Nasrani
Q2: Which term is indicative of people who place their faith in Jesus?
A2: Masihi
Q3: What description is used for Western people who do not follow the Muslim faith?
A3: Nasrani
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

Whereas Greg had limited his illustrative examples to English Renaissance drama, where his expertise lay, Bowers argued that the rationale was "the most workable editorial principle yet contrived to produce a critical text that is authoritative in the maximum of its details whether the author be Shakespeare, Dryden, Fielding, Nathaniel Hawthorne, or Stephen Crane. The principle is sound without regard for the literary period." For works where an author's manuscript survived – a case Greg had not considered – Bowers concluded that the manuscript should generally serve as copy-text. Citing the example of Nathaniel Hawthorne, he noted:

Q1: Is the idea formed by Greg limited to a specific time period?
A1: The principle is sound without regard for the literary period.
Q2: What will an editor do in the case where an author's work was not wiped out?
A2: the manuscript should generally serve as copy-text
Q3: What where the limitations of Greg's analyses?
A3: English Renaissance drama
Q4: What is the main criticism of Greg's work?
A4: works where an author's manuscript survived
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds. This makes them useful for appliances such as blenders, vacuum cleaners, and hair dryers where high speed and light weight are desirable. They are also commonly used in portable power tools, such as drills, sanders, circular and jig saws, where the motor's characteristics work well. Many vacuum cleaner and weed trimmer motors exceed 10,000 rpm, while many similar miniature grinders exceed 30,000 rpm.

Q1: At around what RMP do weed trimmer motors operate?
A1: 10,000
Q2: At around what RMP do miniature grinders operate?
A2: 30,000
Q3: What type of motor can universal motors operate much faster than?
A3: SCIMs
Q4: What attributes make universal motors desireable for consumer applications like hair dryers?
A4: high speed and light weight
Title: Genome
Topic: Natural sciences

Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. The Human Genome Project was organized to map and to sequence the human genome. A fundamental step in the project was the release of a detailed genomic map by Jean Weissenbach and his team at the Genoscope in Paris.

Q1: What is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome?
A1: genome map
Q2: Which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material?
A2: The Human Genome Project
Q3: Whose genome map greatly aided the Human Genome Project?
A3: Jean Weissenbach
Q4: Where did Weissenbach and his colleagues work?
A4: Genoscope
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are stauros (σταυρός) and xylon (ξύλον). The latter means wood (a live tree, timber or an object constructed of wood); in earlier forms of Greek, the former term meant an upright stake or pole, but in Koine Greek it was used also to mean a cross. The Latin word crux was also applied to objects other than a cross.

Q1: What kind of cross is generally believed that Jesus was crucified on?
A1: traditional two-beamed cross
Q2: What cross do Jehovah Witnesses claim Jesus was crucified on?
A2: single upright stake
Q3: What causes the different accounts of the cross used?
A3: The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous
Q4: What latin word was used to describe the cross used?
A4: crux
Q5: Why was there doubt about the Latin word?
A5: crux was also applied to objects other than a cross
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

Whereas the chromosomes of prokaryotes are relatively gene-dense, those of eukaryotes often contain regions of DNA that serve no obvious function. Simple single-celled eukaryotes have relatively small amounts of such DNA, whereas the genomes of complex multicellular organisms, including humans, contain an absolute majority of DNA without an identified function. This DNA has often been referred to as "junk DNA". However, more recent analyses suggest that, although protein-coding DNA makes up barely 2% of the human genome, about 80% of the bases in the genome may be expressed, so the term "junk DNA" may be a misnomer.

Q1: What type of organism has relatively gene dense chromosomes?
A1: prokaryotes
Q2: Regions of DNA that serve no obvious function are often found in what type of organism?
A2: eukaryotes
Q3: What is referred to as "junk DNA"?
A3: DNA without an identified function
Q4: What percentage of the human genome is made of protein coding DNA?
A4: barely 2%
Q5: What percentage of bases in the human genome are expressed by protein coding DNA
A5: about 80%
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Wherever the Magisterial Reformation, which received support from the ruling authorities, took place, the result was a reformed national Protestant church envisioned to be a part of the whole invisible church, but disagreeing, in certain important points of doctrine and doctrine-linked practice, with what had until then been considered the normative reference point on such matters, namely the Papacy and central authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The Reformed churches thus believed in some form of Catholicity, founded on their doctrines of the five solas and a visible ecclesiastical organization based on the 14th and 15th century Conciliar movement, rejecting the papacy and papal infallibility in favor of ecumenical councils, but rejecting the latest ecumenical council, the Council of Trent. Religious unity therefore became not one of doctrine and identity but one of invisible character, wherein the unity was one of faith in Jesus Christ, not common identity, doctrine, belief, and collaborative action.

Q1: The Reformed churches based their beliefs about ecclesiastical organization on what movement?
A1: Conciliar
Q2: Who supported the Magisterial Reformation?
A2: the ruling authorities
Q3: What are the doctrines of the Reformed churches called?
A3: the five solas
Q4: What ecumenical council did the Reformed churches reject?
A4: the Council of Trent
Q5: What type of character became central to religious unity in Reformed churches?
A5: invisible
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

Whether there are measurable changes in the sea level relative to the islands of Tuvalu is a contentious issue. There were problems associated with the pre-1993 sea level records from Funafuti which resulted in improvements in the recording technology to provide more reliable data for analysis. The degree of uncertainty as to estimates of sea level change relative to the islands of Tuvalu was reflected in the conclusions made in 2002 from the available data. The 2011 report of the Pacific Climate Change Science Program published by the Australian Government, concludes: "The sea-level rise near Tuvalu measured by satellite altimeters since 1993 is about 5 mm (0.2 in) per year."

Q1: What subject is arguable concerning Tuvalu?
A1: sea level
Q2: What was the amount of sea level change on Tuvalu estimated by the 2011 report?
A2: 5 mm
Q3: What device was used to produce the measurements of sea level change on Tuvalu?
A3: satellite
Q4: Prior to what year were the reports used to assess sea level rise?
A4: pre-1993
Q5: What is assumed about the sea level reports and records of Tuvalu?
A5: degree of uncertainty
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

While Blacks/African-Americans comprised only 13 percent of Michigan's population in 2010, they made up nearly 82 percent of Detroit's population. The next largest population groups were Whites, at 10 percent, and Hispanics, at 6 percent. According to the 2010 Census, segregation in Detroit has decreased in absolute and in relative terms. In the first decade of the 21st century, about two-thirds of the total black population in metropolitan area resided within the city limits of Detroit. The number of integrated neighborhoods has increased from 100 in 2000 to 204 in 2010. The city has also moved down the ranking, from number one most segregated to number four. A 2011 op-ed in The New York Times attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated. This pattern already happened in the 1970s, when apparent integration was actually a precursor to white flight and resegregation. Over a 60-year period, white flight occurred in the city. According to an estimate of the Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, from 2008 to 2009 the percentage of non-Hispanic White residents increased from 8.4% to 13.3%. Some empty nesters and many younger White people moved into the city while many African Americans moved to the suburbs.

Q1: How much of Michigan's population is Black?
A1: 13 percent
Q2: How much of Detroit's population is Black?
A2: 82 percent
Q3: What was Detroit ranked as in a 2010 study on segregated cities?
A3: four
Q4: Where have many Black people been moving to in recent years?
A4: suburbs
Q5: What is the 2009 population of Whites in Detroit?
A5: 13.3%
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

While Brazil was fighting the US through the WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism against a heavily subsidized cotton industry, a group of four least-developed African countries – Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali – also known as "Cotton-4" have been the leading protagonist for the reduction of US cotton subsidies through negotiations. The four introduced a "Sectoral Initiative in Favour of Cotton", presented by Burkina Faso's President Blaise Compaoré during the Trade Negotiations Committee on 10 June 2003.

Q1: What was Brazil's argument against the US cotton industry?
A1: heavily subsidized
Q2: What are the African countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali referred to as in the cotton industry?
A2: Cotton-4
Q3: What has the Cotton-4 been in regards to the US cotton subsidies?
A3: leading protagonist
Q4: What could the US do that would please the foreign cotton industry concerning cotton subsidies?
A4: reduction
Q5: What organization has Brazil tried to use to curb US cotton subsidies?
A5: WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

While Dutch generally refers to the language as a whole, Belgian varieties are sometimes collectively referred to as Flemish. In both Belgium and the Netherlands, the native official name for Dutch is Nederlands, and its dialects have their own names, e.g. Hollands "Hollandish", West-Vlaams "Western Flemish", Brabants "Brabantian". The use of the word Vlaams ("Flemish") to describe Standard Dutch for the variations prevalent in Flanders and used there, however, is common in the Netherlands and Belgium.

Q1: What are variations on Dutch used in Belgium sometimes called?
A1: Flemish
Q2: What is the Dutch language officially called in the Netherlands?
A2: Nederlands
Q3: What would someone in Belgium call the variation of Dutch spoken in Flanders?
A3: Vlaams
Q4: What is the Dutch name for the "Hollandish" dialect of the language?
A4: Hollands
Q5: If "Vlaams" is "Flemish," what would English speakers call "West-Vlaams"?
A5: Western Flemish
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

While Göring was optimistic the Luftwaffe could prevail, Hitler was not. On 17 September he postponed Operation Sea Lion (as it turned out, indefinitely) rather than gamble Germany's newly gained military prestige on a risky cross-Channel operation, particularly in the face of a sceptical Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. In the last days of the battle, the bombers became lures in an attempt to draw the RAF into combat with German fighters. But their operations were to no avail; the worsening weather and unsustainable attrition in daylight gave the OKL an excuse to switch to night attacks on 7 October.

Q1: Who thought the Luftwaffe could win?
A1: Göring
Q2: What day did Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion?
A2: 17 September
Q3: What was the name of the man from the Soviet Union who was doubtful of Operation Sea Lion?
A3: Joseph Stalin
Q4: Who did the Luftwaffe try to lure into battle using its bombers?
A4: RAF
Q5: When did the OKL switch to night raids?
A5: 7 October
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

While H2 is not very reactive under standard conditions, it does form compounds with most elements. Hydrogen can form compounds with elements that are more electronegative, such as halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), or oxygen; in these compounds hydrogen takes on a partial positive charge. When bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, hydrogen can participate in a form of medium-strength noncovalent bonding with other similar molecules between their hydrogens called hydrogen bonding, which is critical to the stability of many biological molecules. Hydrogen also forms compounds with less electronegative elements, such as the metals and metalloids, in which it takes on a partial negative charge. These compounds are often known as hydrides.

Q1: What ind of charge does hydrogen take when mixed with electronegative particles?
A1: positive charge
Q2: What type of charge does hydrogen take when combined with a metal?
A2: negative
Q3: When hydrogen forms with a metal, what is the compound called?
A3: hydrides
Q4: Is H2 reactive in standard conditions?
A4: not
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities. The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history. In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill.

Q1: In what architectural styles were Harkness' original colleges?
A1: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic
Q2: Which two residential colleges are of modernist style?
A2: Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges
Q3: What are Yale's colleges encircling?
A3: a courtyard
Q4: Who are the Yale colleges named after?
A4: important alumni or significant places in university history
Q5: In what year does the university expect to open two more colleges?
A5: 2017
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

While Japan had a large number of submarines, they did not make a significant impact on the war. In 1942, the Japanese fleet subs performed well, knocking out or damaging many Allied warships. However, Imperial Japanese Navy (and pre-war U.S.) doctrine stipulated that only fleet battles, not guerre de course (commerce raiding) could win naval campaigns. So, while the US had an unusually long supply line between its west coast and frontline areas, leaving it vulnerable to submarine attack, Japan used its submarines primarily for long-range reconnaissance and only occasionally attacked U.S. supply lines. The Japanese submarine offensive against Australia in 1942 and 1943 also achieved little.

Q1: What doctrine stated that only fleet battles could win naval campaigns?
A1: Imperial Japanese Navy
Q2: What was commerce raiding refered to as?
A2: guerre de course
Q3: What was the primary use of Japanese submarines?
A3: long-range reconnaissance
Q4: When was the Japanese submarine offensive against Australia?
A4: 1942 and 1943
Q5: What did the Japanese submarine offensive against Austrailia achieve?
A5: little
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground sent pulses at a rate of 180 per minute. X-Gerät received and analysed the pulses, giving the pilot both visual and aural "on course" signals. Three beams intersected the beam along the He 111's flight path. The first cross-beam acted as a warning for the bomb-aimer to start the bombing-clock which he would activate only when the second cross-beam was reached. When the third cross-beam was reached the bomb aimer activated a third trigger, which stopped the first hand of the equipment's clock, with the second hand continuing. When the second hand re-aligned with the first, the bombs were released. The clock's timing mechanism was co-ordinated with the distances of the intersecting beams from the target so the target was directly below when the bomb release occurred.

Q1: While Knickebein was used my most German crews who used the X-Gerat system?
A1: specially trained pathfinder crews
Q2: What frequency did the X-Gerat system use?
A2: 66–77 MHz
Q3: What rate per minute did ground transmitters send?
A3: 180
Q4: When the bomber crossed the first beam the bomber-aimer did what?
A4: start the bombing-clock
Q5: What mechanism cause the bombs to be released?
A5: clock's timing
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensity red LEDs, which leached Pb [lead] at levels exceeding regulatory limits (186 mg/L; regulatory limit: 5). However, according to California regulations, excessive levels of copper (up to 3892 mg/kg; limit: 2500), lead (up to 8103 mg/kg; limit: 1000), nickel (up to 4797 mg/kg; limit: 2000), or silver (up to 721 mg/kg; limit: 500) render all except low-intensity yellow LEDs hazardous."

Q1: What substance does fluorescent lamps contain?
A1: mercury
Q2: What dangerous metal can LEDs contain?
A2: arsenic
Q3: Which LEDs are considered dangerous by a 2011 study?
A3: low-intensity red
Q4: According to a California study, what harmful metal is in most LEDs?
A4: lead
Q5: What LEDs are considered safer than any other?
A5: low-intensity yellow LEDs
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

While Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the first half of the 19th century; the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked the end of the golden age of alpinism. Karl Blodig (1859–1956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks. He completed his series of ascents in 1911.

Q1: When was Mont Blanc first climbed?
A1: 1786
Q2: When were most of the Alpine fourthousanders climber?
A2: first half of the 19th century
Q3: When was the ascent of the Matterhorn?
A3: 1865
Q4: What did the ascent of the Matterhorn mark?
A4: the end of the golden age of alpinism
Q5: Who was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000m peaks?
A5: Karl Blodig