LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

But von Neumann, who had participated at the Congress, confirmed his fame as an instantaneous thinker, and in less than a month was able to communicate to Gödel himself an interesting consequence of his theorem: namely that the usual axiomatic systems are unable to demonstrate their own consistency. However, Gödel had already discovered this consequence, now known as his second incompleteness theorem and sent von Neumann a preprint of his article containing both incompleteness theorems. Von Neumann acknowledged Gödel's priority in his next letter. He never thought much of "the American system of claiming personal priority for everything."

Q1: How long did it take von Neumann to figure a response to theory of incompleteness?
A1: less than a month
Q2: What was the consequence of the theory of incompleteness?
A2: usual axiomatic systems are unable to demonstrate their own consistency
Q3: Upon revising the theory of incompleteness, what was the name of the new Godel theory?
A3: second incompleteness theorem
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy in order to create an "ecological civilization." To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts.

Q1: Where is interest in Whitehead's work growing the fastest today?
A1: China
Q2: What challenges are China using Whitehead's ideas to help manage?
A2: modernization and industrialization
Q3: What types of traditions are China blending with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy?
A3: traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism
Q4: What philosphers' writings are becoming required reading for graduate students in China?
A4: John Cobb and David Ray Griffin
Q5: Why does John Cobb believe China has become interested in process philosophy?
A5: interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

But, like many colors, it also had a negative association, with heat, destruction and evil. A prayer to god Isis said: "Oh Isis, protect me from all things evil and red." The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the skin color of men. An ivory painter's palette found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun had small compartments with pigments of red ochre and five other colors. The Egyptians used the root of the rubia, or madder plant, to make a dye, later known as alizarin, and also used it to color white power to use as a pigment, which became known as madder lake, alizarin or alizarin crimson.

Q1: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment?
A1: 4000 BC
Q2: What pigment was used for male skin tone in ancient wall art?
A2: Red ochre
Q3: What root did Egyptians use to source their red pigment alizarin?
A3: the rubia
Q4: What type of palette was found in Tutankhamun's tomb?
A4: ivory painter's palette
Q5: What dye did the Egyptians make using the madder plant?
A5: alizarin
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea. MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender. Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards. The X Corps landed at Wonsan (in southeastern North Korea) and Riwon (in northeastern North Korea), already captured by ROK forces. The Eighth U.S. Army and the ROK Army drove up western Korea and captured Pyongyang city, the North Korean capital, on 19 October 1950. The 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team ("Rakkasans") made their first of two combat jumps during the Korean War on 20 October 1950 at Sunchon and Sukchon. The missions of the 187th were to cut the road north going to China, preventing North Korean leaders from escaping from Pyongyang; and to rescue American prisoners of war. At month's end, UN forces held 135,000 KPA prisoners of war. As they neared the Sino-Korean border, the UN forces in the west were divided from those in the east by 50–100 miles of mountainous terrain.

Q1: Who issued a statement calling for North Korea's unconditional surrender?
A1: MacArthur
Q2: Who authorized giving troops the ability to follow the North Korean forces north?
A2: the UN
Q3: How did the 187 Airborne Regimental Combat Team prevent North Korean leaders from fleeing?
A3: cut the road north going to China
Q4: How many North Korean prisoners of war were held by UN forces?
A4: 135,000
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

By 1200, the Swiss plateau comprised the dominions of the houses of Savoy, Zähringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg. Some regions (Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, later known as Waldstätten) were accorded the Imperial immediacy to grant the empire direct control over the mountain passes. With the extinction of its male line in 1263 the Kyburg dynasty fell in AD 1264; then the Habsburgs under King Rudolph I (Holy Roman Emperor in 1273) laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them extending their territory to the eastern Swiss plateau.

Q1: In 1200, what area did the houses of Savoy, Zahringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg comprise?
A1: the Swiss plateau
Q2: In 1264 AD, what caused the Kyburg dynasty to fall?
A2: extinction of its male line in 1263
Q3: Who claimed the Kyburg lands after their fall in 1264 AD?
A3: the Habsburgs
Q4: Which Holy Roman Emperor were the Habsburgs under in 1273 AD?
A4: King Rudolph I
Q5: What did the three regions of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden become known as?
A5: Waldstätten
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century. The expansion led to increased power and wealth for the federation. By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the Jura mountains, particularly after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Näfels), over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries. The Swiss victory in the Swabian War against the Swabian League of Emperor Maximilian I in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire.

Q1: In what year did the three original  cantons join with five other cantons to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states?
A1: By 1353
Q2: Which century did the Old Confederacy of the eight states exist until?
A2: end of the 15th century
Q3: What effect did the expansion of the three cantons into eight have on the status of the federation?
A3: increased power and wealth
Q4: By 1460, who controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine?
A4: the confederates
Q5: Which Swiss victory in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire?
A5: Swabian War
Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Topic: Geography and places

By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675. The population would grow in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen. In 1680, fishing ships (mostly from South Devon) set up fishing rooms at St. John's, bringing hundreds of Irish men into the port to operate inshore fishing boats.

Q1: Who referred St. John's as St. "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country" ? 
A1: William Payne
Q2: When did censuses start being conducted in St. John's?
A2: 1675
Q3: When did Irish men begin to operate inshore fishing boats in St. John's?
A3: 1680
Q4: What grew during the summers in St. John's?
A4: population
Q5: Who controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast by 1620?
A5: fishermen
Title: New_Haven,_Connecticut
Topic: Geography and places

By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established, while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches.

Q1: What type of government did the Puritan settlers establish?
A1: theocratic government
Q2: By what year did the Puritan settlers rename the area from Quinnipac to Newhaven?
A2: 1640
Q3: In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?
A3: 1678
Q4: What colony was located to the north of New Haven Colony, centered around the area known as Hartford?
A4: Connecticut Colony
Q5: What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony?
A5: other churches to be established
Q6: In 1678 what was  the new name of the Northern part of New Haven?
A6: Hamden
Q7: New Haven Colony was separated from the Connecticut Colony which was located where?
A7: Hartford
Q8: What made New Haven different from the other colonies in Connecticut?
A8: an intolerant theocracy
Q9: Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located?
A9: Quinnipiac
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

By 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined the advance followed at 17:45 by the Prussian 1st Guards Infantry Brigade. All of the Prussian Guard attacks were pinned down by lethal French gunfire from the rifle pits and trenches. At 18:15 the Prussian 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade, the last of the 1st Guards Infantry Division, was committed to the attack on St. Privat while Steinmetz committed the last of the reserves of the First Army across the Mance Ravine. By 18:30, a considerable portion of the VII and VIII Corps disengaged from the fighting and withdrew towards the Prussian positions at Rezonville.

Q1: By late afternoon, what were the Prussian southern attacks at risk of?
A1: breaking up
Q2: Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat?
A2: General Canrobert
Q3: What factor immobilised the Prussian Guard?
A3: lethal French gunfire
Q4: By nightfall a major component of the VII and VII Corps withdrew towards what Prussian position?
A4: Rezonville
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

By 17 May, the main Austrian army under Charles had arrived on the Marchfeld. Charles kept the bulk of his troops several miles away from the river bank in hopes of concentrating them at the point where Napoleon decided to cross. On 21 May, the French made their first major effort to cross the Danube, precipitating the Battle of Aspern-Essling. The Austrians enjoyed a comfortable numerical superiority over the French throughout the battle; on the first day, Charles disposed of 110,000 soldiers against only 31,000 commanded by Napoleon. By the second day, reinforcements had boosted French numbers up to 70,000. The battle was characterized by a vicious back-and-forth struggle for the two villages of Aspern and Essling, the focal points of the French bridgehead. By the end of the fighting, the French had lost Aspern but still controlled Essling. A sustained Austrian artillery bombardment eventually convinced Napoleon to withdraw his forces back onto Lobau Island. Both sides inflicted about 23,000 casualties on each other. It was the first defeat Napoleon suffered in a major set-piece battle, and it caused excitement throughout many parts of Europe because it proved that he could be beaten on the battlefield.

Q1: On what date did the main Austrian army arrive at the Marchfield?
A1: 17 May
Q2:  Who led the main Austrian army?
A2: Charles
Q3: On what date did French forces make their first significant attempt to cross the Danube?
A3: 21 May
Q4: How many soldiers did Charles initially lead against the French at the Battle of Aspern-Essling?
A4: 110,000
Q5: Around how many casualties did the French experience at the Battle of Aspern-Essling?
A5: 23,000
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

By 1763, the war in Central Europe was essentially a stalemate. Frederick had retaken most of Silesia and Saxony but not the latter's capital, Dresden. His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened. His manpower had dramatically decreased, and he had lost so many effective officers and generals that a new offensive was perhaps impossible. British subsidies had been stopped by the new Prime Minister Lord Bute, and the Russian Emperor had been overthrown by his wife, Catherine, who ended Russia's alliance with Prussia and withdrew from the war. Austria, however, like most participants, was facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army, something which greatly affected its offensive power. Indeed, after having effectively sustained a long war, its administration was in disarray. By that time, it still held Dresden, the southeastern parts of Saxony, the county of Glatz, and southern Silesia, but the prospect of victory was dim without Russian support. In 1763 a peace settlement was reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg, ending the war in central Europe.

Q1: In 1763 what was the status of Frederick?
A1: his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened
Q2: In 1763 what was the status of Austria?
A2: facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army
Q3: What had happened to Frederick's financial help from Britain?
A3: British subsidies had been stopped by the new Prime Minister Lord Bute
Q4: What had happened to Frederick's extra troops from Russia?
A4: Catherine, who ended Russia's alliance with Prussia and withdrew from the war
Q5: What was the result of the weakening of both Prussia and Austria?
A5: In 1763 a peace settlement was reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg, ending the war in central Europe.
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population. They were highly segregated and subject to long-standing anti-Jewish regulations. They maintained their own customs, Yiddish language, and historic traditions within the tightly-knit ghettos; they adhered to Talmudic law enforced by their rabbis. Jews were barred from most cities and instead lived in villages. They concentrated in trade, services, and especially in money lending. They financed about a third of the mortgages in Alsace. Official tolerance grew during the French Revolution, with full emancipation in 1791. However, local antisemitism also increased and Napoleon turned hostile in 1806, imposing a one-year moratorium on all debts owed to Jews.[citation needed] In the 1830-1870 era most Jews moved to the cities, where they integrated and acculturated, as antisemitism sharply declined. By 1831, the state began paying salaries to official rabbis, and in 1846 a special legal oath for Jews was discontinued. Antisemitic local riots occasionally occurred, especially during the Revolution of 1848. Merger of Alsace into Germany in 1871-1918 lessened antisemitic violence.

Q1: What was the population of Alsace in 1790?
A1: 22,500
Q2: Jews were banned from cities in Alsace, where were they forced to settle?
A2: in villages
Q3: in 1791 Jews were granted what by the French?
A3: full emancipation
Q4: Which country was Alsace merged into during  1871-1918
A4: Germany
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

By 1795, Bonaparte had become engaged to Désirée Clary, daughter of François Clary. Désirée's sister Julie Clary had married Bonaparte's elder brother Joseph. In April 1795, he was assigned to the Army of the West, which was engaged in the War in the Vendée—a civil war and royalist counter-revolution in Vendée, a region in west central France on the Atlantic Ocean. As an infantry command, it was a demotion from artillery general—for which the army already had a full quota—and he pleaded poor health to avoid the posting.

Q1: Who did Napoleon become engaged to in 1795?
A1: Désirée Clary
Q2: In April 1795, what military organization was Napoleon assigned to?
A2: the Army of the West
Q3: At the time of Napoleon's assignment, what military struggle was the Army of the West engaged in?
A3: the War in the Vendée
Q4: Which older brother of Napoleon's did Désirée Clary's sister Julie marry?
A4: Joseph
Q5: What excuse did Napoleon use to avoid being assigned to an infantry command?
A5: poor health
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the Haitian Revolution. Soon after, Vesey was tried and executed, hanged in early July with five slaves. Another 28 slaves were later hanged. Later, the state legislature passed laws requiring individual legislative approval for manumission (the freeing of a slave) and regulating activities of free blacks and slaves.

Q1: What was planned by Denmark Vesey?
A1: slave revolt
Q2: When was Vesey's plan for a slave revolt revealed?
A2: May 1822
Q3: How was Vesey executed in 1822?
A3: hanged
Q4: How many slaves were executed with Vesey? 
A4: five slaves
Q5: What revolution made whites fearful of retribution of slaves?
A5: Haitian Revolution
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite her Coburg relatives to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of introducing Victoria to Albert. William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange. Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. After the visit she wrote, "[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful." Alexander, on the other hand, was "very plain".

Q1: The Dutchesses brother Leopold was the King of what country?
A1: the Belgians
Q2: What year did Leopold become King of the Belgians?
A2: 1831
Q3: Who was the nephew of leopold?
A3: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Q4: Who was Alberts father?
A4: Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Q5: How did Victoria describe the physical appearance of Alexander?
A5: very plain
Q6: Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert?
A6: William IV
Q7: Who was the man William IV wanted Victoria to wed instead? 
A7: Prince Alexander of the Netherlands
Q8: Prince Alexander was the second son of whom? 
A8: Prince of Orange
Q9: What did Victoria think of her suiter, the Prince Alexander of Orange? 
A9: very plain
Q10: How did Victoria feel about Albert?
A10: enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning
Q11: Who wanted to see Victoria and Albert marry?
A11: the Duchess's brother, Leopold
Q12: Who opposed Victoria marrying Albert, or any Coburg?
A12: William IV
Q13: Who did William IV feel was a suitable husband for Victoria?
A13: Prince Alexander of the Netherlands
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston.

Q1: What industry depended on the port of Charleston?
A1: The slave trade
Q2: Where was  fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1840?
A2: the Market Hall and Sheds
Q3: What year did the legal importation of slaves end?
A3: 1808
Q4: The region where cotton plantations were developed was known as what?
A4: Black Belt
Q5: In what era did one million slaves get trade throughout the South?
A5: in the antebellum years
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour. The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.

Q1: Who designed the new wing for the palace in 1847?
A1: Edward Blore
Q2: The new wing was built by whom?
A2: Thomas Cubitt
Q3: What is the East front of the palace known as?
A3: "public face" of Buckingham Palace
Q4: The East Front contains what famous feature?
A4: the balcony
Q5: Who was the student of Nash that designed the ballroom wing?
A5: Sir James Pennethorne.
Q6: Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they felt they needed more space?
A6: Edward Blore
Q7: Who built the new wing?
A7: Thomas Cubitt
Q8: What is considered the public face of the palace?
A8: The large East Front
Q9: What other wing was built during this time?
A9: The ballroom wing
Q10: Which of Nash's students designed The Ballroom?
A10: Sir James Pennethorne
Title: Houston
Topic: History

By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.

Q1: What commodity was Houston known for in 1860? 
A1: cotton
Q2: What type of roads converged in Houston?
A2: rail lines
Q3: Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters?
A3: General John Bankhead Magruder
Q4: For what battle was Houston used as an organization point ?
A4: Battle of Galveston
Q5: What was Houston known for by 1890?
A5: railroad center of Texas
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

By 1874, Bell's initial work on the harmonic telegraph had entered a formative stage, with progress made both at his new Boston "laboratory" (a rented facility) and at his family home in Canada a big success.[N 14] While working that summer in Brantford, Bell experimented with a "phonautograph", a pen-like machine that could draw shapes of sound waves on smoked glass by tracing their vibrations. Bell thought it might be possible to generate undulating electrical currents that corresponded to sound waves. Bell also thought that multiple metal reeds tuned to different frequencies like a harp would be able to convert the undulating currents back into sound. But he had no working model to demonstrate the feasibility of these ideas.

Q1: On what material did the phonautograph operate?
A1: smoked glass
Q2: What kind of reed did Bell want to play with?
A2: metal
Q3: What did Bell believe the reeds would turn the signal into?
A3: sound
Q4: What instrument is a phonautograph similar to?
A4: pen
Q5: In what year was Bell really working on his telegraph?
A5: 1874
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time.

Q1: By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand?
A1: 1878
Q2: What was the name of the new railway that was constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City after 1878?
A2: Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway
Q3: What was the name of the hotel that took up a full city block?
A3: The United States Hotel
Q4: Besides massive hotels, what else was appearing all over Atlantic City during this period?
A4: rooming houses
Q5: What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel?
A5: Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

By 1885, a new summer retreat was contemplated. That summer, the Bells had a vacation on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, spending time at the small village of Baddeck. Returning in 1886, Bell started building an estate on a point across from Baddeck, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. By 1889, a large house, christened The Lodge was completed and two years later, a larger complex of buildings, including a new laboratory, were begun that the Bells would name Beinn Bhreagh (Gaelic: beautiful mountain) after Bell's ancestral Scottish highlands.[N 21] Bell also built the Bell Boatyard on the estate, employing up to 40 people building experimental craft as well as wartime lifeboats and workboats for the Royal Canadian Navy and pleasure craft for the Bell family. An enthusiastic boater, Bell and his family sailed or rowed a long series of vessels on Bras d'Or Lake, ordering additional vessels from the H.W. Embree and Sons boatyard in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia. In his final, and some of his most productive years, Bell split his residency between Washington, D.C., where he and his family initially resided for most of the year, and at Beinn Bhreagh where they spent increasing amounts of time.

Q1: What Island in Nova Scotia did the Bells go to in 1885?
A1: Breton Island
Q2: In 1886, what lake did Bell start building a house near?
A2: Bras d'Or
Q3: What did the Bells call the house completed in 1889?
A3: The Lodge
Q4: How many people worked for the Bell Boatyard?
A4: 40
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000.

Q1: What county is Tuscon located in?
A1: Pima County
Q2: What was the population of Tuscon in 2006?
A2: 535,000
Q3: what were veterans in need of after World War I?
A3: respiratory therapy
Q4: What did the U.S. Veterans Administration build around 1910?
A4: Veterans Hospital
Q5: What was the population of Tuscon in 1940?
A5: 36,818
Q6: What was Tucson's population in 1900?
A6: 7,531
Q7: What was Tucson's population in 1910?
A7: 13,913
Q8: What was Tucson's population in 1920?
A8: 20,292
Q9: What was Tucson's population in 1940?
A9: 36,818
Q10: What was Tucson's population in 2006?
A10: 535,000
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

By 1916, when millions of Europeans were becoming casualties of imperial war in the trenches of eastern and western Europe over "the eastern question," Arnold J. Toynbee, Hegelesque historian of civilization at large, was becoming metaphysical about the Near East. Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the terms, he believed. If the Ottoman Empire had been a sick man, then:

Q1: What year was Arnold J toynbee becoming metaphysical about the Near East?
A1: 1916
Q2: Who was the Hegelesque historian of civilization?
A2: Arnold J. Toynbee
Q3: Arnold J Toynbee believed what?
A3: Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the terms
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and was ready to move deeper into China. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The Nationalist and Communist Chinese suspended their civil war to form a nominal alliance against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly lent support by providing large amount of materiel to Chinese troops. In August 1937, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to fight about 300,000 Japanese troops in Shanghai, but, after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell. The Japanese continued to push the Chinese forces back, capturing the capital Nanking in December 1937 and committed which was known as Nanking Massacre. In March 1938, Nationalist forces won their first victory at Taierzhuang. but then the city of Xuzhou was taken by Japanese in May. In June 1938, Japan deployed about 350,000 troops to invade Wuhan and captured it in October. The Japanese achieved major military victories, but world opinion—in particular in the United States—condemned Japan, especially after the Panay Incident.

Q1: What incident occured on July 7, 1937?
A1: Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Q2: Who supplied assistance to the Chinese military?
A2: Soviet Union
Q3: When did the Nanking Massacre occur?
A3: December 1937
Q4: Where was the first Nationalist victory?
A4: Taierzhuang
Q5: How did people around the world react to Japan's Panay Incident?
A5: condemned
Q6: When was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident?
A6: 7 July 1937
Q7: What incident started the war between China and Japan?
A7: Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Q8: What nation provided material support to China?
A8: Soviet Union
Q9: What was the capital of China?
A9: Nanking
Q10: When was Nanking captured?
A10: December 1937
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

By 1938 the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine. This was the Torpedo Data Computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of firing a torpedo at a moving target. During World War II similar devices were developed in other countries as well.

Q1: What part of the US military developed an electromechanical analog computer to use on a submarine?
A1: the United States Navy
Q2: When did the US Navy invent an electromechanical computer to use on a submarine?
A2: 1938
Q3: What type of math did the Torpedo Data computer use to fire a torpedo at a moving target?
A3: trigonometry
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

By 1939, in his Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare, McKerrow had changed his mind about this approach, as he feared that a later edition – even if it contained authorial corrections – would "deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript." He therefore concluded that the correct procedure would be "produced by using the earliest "good" print as copy-text and inserting into it, from the first edition which contains them, such corrections as appear to us to be derived from the author." But, fearing the arbitrary exercise of editorial judgment, McKerrow stated that, having concluded that a later edition had substantive revisions attributable to the author, "we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints."

Q1: Why did McKerrow alter his previous method of criticism?
A1: deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript."
Q2: How did McKerrow alter his approach to copy-text analysis?
A2: inserting into it, from the first edition which contains them, such corrections as appear to us to be derived from the author."
Q3: What did McKerrow concede about his new copy-text method?
A3: we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints
Q4: What work was the first to see McKerrow use his new method?
A4: Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

By 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries. Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime. Switzerland was the only country to luckily avoid invasion. The Swiss Confederate mobilized its troops—the country follows the doctrine of "armed neutrality" with all males required to have military training—a number that General Eisenhower estimated to be about 850,000. The Swiss commanders wired the infrastructure leading into the country, and threatening to destroy bridges, railway tunnels and passes in the event of a Nazi invasion, and then they retreated to the heart of the mountain peaks where conditions were harsher and a military invasion would involve difficult and protracted battles.

Q1: By 1940 who occupied many of the Alpine countries?
A1: the Third Reich
Q2: What country underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich?
A2: Austria
Q3: What was the only country that avoided invasion from the Third Reich?
A3: Switzerland
Q4: Who wired the infrastructure leading into Switzerland?
A4: The Swiss commanders
Title: Gymnastics
Topic: Sports and recreation

By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a precedent that continues. The new medium of television has helped publicize and initiate a modern age of gymnastics. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, and excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent. Nadia Comăneci received the first perfect score, at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada. She was coached in Romania by coach, (Hungarian ethnicity), Béla Károlyi. Comaneci scored four of her perfect tens on the uneven bars, two on the balance beam and one in the floor exercise. Even with Nadia's perfect scores, the Romanians lost the gold medal to the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Comaneci became an Olympic icon.

Q1: What year was the Olympic Games apparatus and events standardized?
A1: 1954
Q2: What is the grading structure?
A2: a point system from 1 to 15
Q3: Who set the first precedent that continues this day?
A3: Soviet gymnasts
Q4: Who recieved the first perfect score?
A4: Nadia Comăneci
Q5: What year and where was the first perfect score given?
A5: 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

By 1957, pan-Arabism was the dominant ideology of the Arab world, and the average Arab citizen considered Nasser his undisputed leader. Historian Adeed Dawisha credited Nasser's status to his "charisma, bolstered by his perceived victory in the Suez Crisis". The Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs radio station spread Nasser's ideas of united Arab action throughout the Arabic-speaking world and historian Eugene Rogan wrote, "Nasser conquered the Arab world by radio." Lebanese sympathizers of Nasser and the Egyptian embassy in Beirut—the press center of the Arab world—bought out Lebanese media outlets to further disseminate Nasser's ideals. Nasser also enjoyed the support of Arab nationalist organizations, both civilian and paramilitary, throughout the region. His followers were numerous and well-funded, but lacked any permanent structure and organization. They called themselves "Nasserites", despite Nasser's objection to the label (he preferred the term "Arab nationalists").

Q1: What radio station furthered Nasser's agenda?
A1: Voice of the Arabs
Q2: What were Arab admirers of Nasser called?
A2: Nasserites
Q3: What did the admirers of Nasser lack?
A3: structure and organization
Q4: Who said that Nasser conquered the Arab workd with radio?
A4: Eugene Rogan
Q5: What would have Nasser prefferred his admirers call themselves?
A5: Arab nationalists
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1. They dubbed Gagarin the first cosmonaut, roughly translated from Russian and Greek as "sailor of the universe". Although he had the ability to take over manual control of his spacecraft in an emergency by opening an envelope he had in the cabin that contained a code that could be typed into the computer, it was flown in an automatic mode as a precaution; medical science at that time did not know what would happen to a human in the weightlessness of space. Vostok 1 orbited the Earth for 108 minutes and made its reentry over the Soviet Union, with Gagarin ejecting from the spacecraft at 7,000 meters (23,000 ft), and landing by parachute. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (International Federation of Aeronautics) credited Gagarin with the world's first human space flight, although their qualifying rules for aeronautical records at the time required pilots to take off and land with their craft. For this reason, the Soviet Union omitted from their FAI submission the fact that Gagarin did not land with his capsule. When the FAI filing for Gherman Titov's second Vostok flight in August 1961 disclosed the ejection landing technique, the FAI committee decided to investigate, and concluded that the technological accomplishment of human spaceflight lay in the safe launch, orbiting, and return, rather than the manner of landing, and so revised their rules accordingly, keeping Gagarin's and Titov's records intact.

Q1: Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961?
A1: the USSR
Q2: The first ship to carry a human through space was called what?
A2: Vostok 1
Q3: How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft?
A3: 108 minutes
Title: Tennessee
Topic: Geography and places

By 1960 African Americans comprised 16.45% of the state's population. It was not until after the mid-1960s and passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that they were able to vote in full again, but new devices, such as at-large commission city governments, had been adopted in several jurisdictions to limit their political participation. Former Gov. Winfield Dunn and former U.S. Sen. Bill Brock wins in 1970 helped make the Republican Party competitive among whites for the statewide victory. Tennessee has selected governors from different parties since 1970. Increasingly the Republican Party has become the party of white conservatives.

Q1: In 1960, what group made up 16.45% of Tennessee's population?
A1: African Americans
Q2: What Congressional Act fully re-enfranchised African-American in Tennessee?
A2: Voting Rights Act of 1965
Q3: Which Republican Senator's 1970 victory showed the Republican Party's renewed competitiveness in Tennessee?
A3: Bill Brock
Q4: Which constituency has become the Republican Party's staunchest supporters in Tennessee?
A4: white conservatives
Q5: Which Republican was elected Tennessee Governor in 1970?
A5: Winfield Dunn
Title: Sony_Music_Entertainment
Topic: Music

By 1962, their Columbia Record Productions unit was operating four plants around the United States located in Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey, which manufactured records for not only Columbia's own labels, but also for independent record labels.

Q1: What 4 areas of the country did Columbia Records have manufacturers in?
A1: Los Angeles; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey
Title: Comprehensive_school
Topic: Social sciences and society

By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to accommodate a growing school population. By the mid-1970s the system had been almost fully implemented, with virtually no secondary modern schools remaining. Many grammar schools were either closed or changed to comprehensive status. Some local authorities, including Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands, changed all of its state secondary schools to comprehensive schools during the 1970s.

Q1: By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
A1: 1975
Q2: What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?
A2: neighbourhood comprehensives
Q3: Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what?
A3: comprehensive schools
Q4: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?
A4: Sandwell and Dudley
Title: Queen_(band)
Topic: Music

By 1976, Queen were back in the studio recording A Day at the Races, which is often regarded as a sequel album to A Night at the Opera. It again borrowed the name of a Marx Brothers movie, and its cover was similar to that of A Night at the Opera, a variation on the same Queen Crest. The most recognisable of the Marx Brothers, Groucho Marx, invited Queen to visit him in his Los Angeles home in March 1977; there the band thanked him in person, and performed "'39" a cappella. Musically, A Day at the Races was by both fans' and critics' standards a strong effort, reaching number one in the UK and Japan, and number five in the US. The major hit on the album was "Somebody to Love", a gospel-inspired song in which Mercury, May, and Taylor multi-tracked their voices to create a 100-voice gospel choir. The song went to number two in the UK, and number thirteen in the US. The album also featured one of the band's heaviest songs, May's "Tie Your Mother Down", which became a staple of their live shows.

Q1: What Queen album was released in 1976?
A1: A Day at the Races
Q2: What was the major hit from Queen's 1976 album?
A2: Somebody to Love
Q3: Which heavy Queen song is a favorite at live shows?
A3: Tie Your Mother Down
Q4: Which comedian invited Queen to visit him in 1977? 
A4: Groucho Marx
Q5: Which Queen members layered their voices on Somebody to Love?
A5: Mercury, May, and Taylor
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

By 1979, with the establishment of the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) as a California non-profit research institution, an effort led by Robert F. Smith began to take full account of Larson’s work and to publish a Critical Text of the Book of Mormon. Thus was born the FARMS Critical Text Project which published the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work, greatly aided through the advice and assistance of then Yale doctoral candidate Grant Hardy, Dr. Gordon C. Thomasson, Professor John W. Welch (the head of FARMS), Professor Royal Skousen, and others too numerous to mention here. However, these were merely preliminary steps to a far more exacting and all-encompassing project.

Q1: What is FARMS?
A1: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
Q2: Who spearheaded the Critical Text of the Book of Mormon project?
A2: Robert F. Smith
Q3: How many years did it take to publish all three volumes of the Book of Mormon Critical Text?
A3: the first volume of the 3-volume Book of Mormon Critical Text in 1984. The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987
Q4: Was the third volume of the first edition deemed sufficient?
A4: The third volume of that first edition was published in 1987, but was already being superseded by a second, revised edition of the entire work
Q5: Who is the head of FARMS?
A5: Professor John W. Welch
Title: Sony_Music_Entertainment
Topic: Music

By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Records, later known as BMG).

Q1: In what year was CBS the only network to also have a record company?
A1: 1987
Q2: What label did ABC sell in 1979?
A2: MCA Records
Q3: What label did NBC sell in 1986?
A3: RCA
Q4: Who bought RCA?
A4: Ge
Title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software. Compute! reported in 1989 that Nintendo had sold seven million NES systems in 1988, almost as many as the number of Commodore 64s sold in its first five years. "Computer game makers [are] scared stiff", the magazine said, stating that Nintendo's popularity caused most competitors to have poor sales during the previous Christmas and resulted in serious financial problems for some.

Q1: What year did Nintendo's market surpass all computer software?
A1: 1988
Q2: Who reported that Nintendo sold 7 million NES systems?
A2: Compute!
Q3: When did Compute! report the number of systems sold at 7 million?
A3: 1989
Q4: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's five year span?
A4: Commodore 64s