LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The first significant work that expressed scientific theory and knowledge expressly for the laity, in the vernacular, and with the entertainment of readers in mind, was Bernard de Fontenelle's Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686). The book was produced specifically for women with an interest in scientific writing and inspired a variety of similar works. These popular works were written in a discursive style, which was laid out much more clearly for the reader than the complicated articles, treatises, and books published by the academies and scientists. Charles Leadbetter's Astronomy (1727) was advertised as "a Work entirely New" that would include "short and easie  [sic] Rules and Astronomical Tables." The first French introduction to Newtonianism and the Principia was Eléments de la philosophie de Newton, published by Voltaire in 1738. Émilie du Châtelet's translation of the Principia, published after her death in 1756, also helped to spread Newton's theories beyond scientific academies and the university. Francesco Algarotti, writing for a growing female audience, published Il Newtonianism per le dame, which was a tremendously popular work and was translated from Italian into English by Elizabeth Carter. A similar introduction to Newtonianism for women was produced by Henry Pembarton. His A View of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy was published by subscription. Extant records of subscribers show that women from a wide range of social standings purchased the book, indicating the growing number of scientifically inclined female readers among the middling class. During the Enlightenment, women also began producing popular scientific works themselves. Sarah Trimmer wrote a successful natural history textbook for children titled The Easy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature (1782), which was published for many years after in eleven editions.

Q1: What book was published in 1686 specifically for women with an interest in scientific writing?
A1: Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds
Q2: Who was the author of Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686)?
A2: Bernard de Fontenelle
Q3: Who wrote a successful natural history textbook for children titled The Easy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature (1782)?
A3: Sarah Trimmer
Q4: How many editions were published of Sarah Trimmer's history textbook for children?
A4: eleven
Q5: Emilie du Chatelet's translation of what Newton work was published after her death in 1756?
A5: Principia
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

The first six presidents of the United States did not make extensive use of the veto power: George Washington only vetoed two bills, James Monroe one, and John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams none. James Madison, a firm believer in a strong executive, vetoed seven bills. None of the first six Presidents, however, used the veto to direct national policy. It was Andrew Jackson, the seventh President, who was the first to use the veto as a political weapon. During his two terms in office, he vetoed twelve bills—more than all of his predecessors combined. Furthermore, he defied the Supreme Court in enforcing the policy of ethnically cleansing Native American tribes ("Indian Removal"); he stated (perhaps apocryphally), "John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it!"

Q1: How many bills did George Washington veto?
A1: two
Q2: How many bills did James Monroe veto?
A2: one
Q3: How many bills did Andrew Jackson veto
A3: twelve
Q4: Who was the seventh President of the United States?
A4: Andrew Jackson
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 92 professional teams. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. In the modern era, non-league teams have never reached the quarter finals, and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final.[note 1] As a result, as well as who wins, significant focus is given to those "minnows" (smaller teams) who progress furthest, especially if they achieve an unlikely "giant-killing" victory.

Q1: What rounds are the qualifiers?
A1: first six rounds
Q2: How many teams in the first round? 
A2: 92 professional teams.
Q3: What league enters in the third round?
A3: Premier League and Championship clubs
Q4: In the modern era, has any non-league team reached the quarter finals??
A4: never reached the quarter finals
Q5: Has a level 2 club reached the finals ever?
A5: Level 2 have never reached the final.
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

The first step toward Indian self-rule was the appointment of councillors to advise the British viceroy in 1861 and the first Indian was appointed in 1909. Provincial Councils with Indian members were also set up. The councillors' participation was subsequently widened into legislative councils. The British built a large British Indian Army, with the senior officers all British and many of the troops from small minority groups such as Gurkhas from Nepal and Sikhs. The civil service was increasingly filled with natives at the lower levels, with the British holding the more senior positions.

Q1: What appointments were  the first step in Indian self-rule?
A1: councillors
Q2: When was the first Indian appointed as a Councillor?
A2: 1909
Q3: What more local councils were set up?
A3: Provincial Councils
Q4: Of what nationality were the officers in the Indian Army?
A4: British
Q5: What were the troops in the British Indian Army?
A5: minority groups
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing footpad were, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later. Altogether, they spent just under two and one-quarter hours outside their craft. The next day, they performed the first launch from another celestial body, and rendezvoused back with Columbia.

Q1: How many people saw the first step onto the Moon?
A1: 723 million
Q2: When did they launch from the Moon to reattach to the Columbia?
A2: The next day
Title: Beer
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which the starches are converted to sugars, and then the sweet wort is drained off the grains. The grains are now washed in a process known as "sparging". This washing allows the brewer to gather as much of the fermentable liquid from the grains as possible. The process of filtering the spent grain from the wort and sparge water is called wort separation. The traditional process for wort separation is lautering, in which the grain bed itself serves as the filter medium. Some modern breweries prefer the use of filter frames which allow a more finely ground grist.

Q1: What is the first step of brewing when malted barley is mixed with hot water?
A1: mashing
Q2: How is hot water referred to by brewers?
A2: liquor
Q3: How long does the mashing step in the brewing process last?
A3: 1 to 2 hours
Q4: In brewing, what do starches become during the mashing process?
A4: sugars
Q5: What is it called when used grain is separated in the brewing process?
A5: wort separation
Title: Seattle
Topic: History

The first streetcars appeared in 1889 and were instrumental in the creation of a relatively well-defined downtown and strong neighborhoods at the end of their lines. The advent of the automobile sounded the death knell for rail in Seattle. Tacoma–Seattle railway service ended in 1929 and the Everett–Seattle service came to an end in 1939, replaced by inexpensive automobiles running on the recently developed highway system. Rails on city streets were paved over or removed, and the opening of the Seattle trolleybus system brought the end of streetcars in Seattle in 1941. This left an extensive network of privately owned buses (later public) as the only mass transit within the city and throughout the region.

Q1: In what year were the first streetcars used in Seattle?
A1: 1889
Q2: What machine caused the end of city rail lines in Seattle?
A2: automobile
Q3: When did the Tacoma-Seattle rail service end?
A3: 1929
Q4: In what year did the Everett-Seattle rail lines cease?
A4: 1939
Q5: The use of what caused the end of the use of streetcars in 1941?
A5: trolleybus
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first successful light bulb filaments were made of carbon (from carbonized paper or bamboo). Early carbon filaments had a negative temperature coefficient of resistance — as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased. This made the lamp sensitive to fluctuations in the power supply, since a small increase of voltage would cause the filament to heat up, reducing its resistance and causing it to draw even more power and heat even further. In the "flashing" process, carbon filaments were heated by current passing through them while in an evacuated vessel containing hydrocarbon vapor (usually gasoline). The carbon deposited on the filament by this treatment improved the uniformity and strength of filaments as well as their efficiency. A metallized or "graphitized" filament was first heated in a high-temperature oven before flashing and lamp assembly. This transformed the carbon into graphite which further strengthened and smoothed the filament. This also changed the filament to have a positive temperature coefficient, like a metallic conductor, and helped stabilize the lamp's power consumption, temperature and light output against minor variations in supply voltage.

Q1: What material were the first light bulb filaments made from?
A1: carbon
Q2: What was the primary problem with early carbon filaments?
A2: as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased
Q3: What were the positive effects of the flashing process?
A3: improved the uniformity and strength of filaments as well as their efficiency
Q4: What properties of graphite improved the filament?
A4: further strengthened and smoothed the filament
Q5: What are the effects of giving the filament a positive temperature coefficient?
A5: helped stabilize the lamp's power consumption, temperature and light output against minor variations in supply voltage
Title: Seattle
Topic: History

The first such boom, covering the early years of the city, rode on the lumber industry. (During this period the road now known as Yesler Way won the nickname "Skid Road", supposedly after the timber skidding down the hill to Henry Yesler's sawmill. The later dereliction of the area may be a possible origin for the term which later entered the wider American lexicon as Skid Row.) Like much of the American West, Seattle saw numerous conflicts between labor and management, as well as ethnic tensions that culminated in the anti-Chinese riots of 1885–1886. This violence originated with unemployed whites who were determined to drive the Chinese from Seattle (anti-Chinese riots also occurred in Tacoma). In 1900, Asians were 4.2% of the population. Authorities declared martial law and federal troops arrived to put down the disorder.

Q1: What was the industry source that produced Seattle's first financial vigor?
A1: lumber
Q2: What name was given to the street Yesler Way?
A2: Skid Road
Q3: After Yesler Way fell into ill refute, what was the term generally used for this type of decline?
A3: Skid Row
Q4: What events occurred in 1885-1886 due to racial disputes?
A4: anti-Chinese riots
Q5: What percentage of the Seattle population was Asian in 1900?
A5: 4.2%
Title: Antibiotics
Topic: History

The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect against Gram-positive cocci, but not against enterobacteria. Research was stimulated apace by its success. The discovery and development of this sulfonamide drug opened the era of antibacterials.

Q1: What was the first available antibiotic?
A1: Prontosil
Q2: What company developed Prontosil?
A2: IG Farben
Q3: Who led the team that came up with Prontosil?
A3: Gerhard Domagk
Q4: What prize did Domagk get for his work?
A4: 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first task of a database designer is to produce a conceptual data model that reflects the structure of the information to be held in the database. A common approach to this is to develop an entity-relationship model, often with the aid of drawing tools. Another popular approach is the Unified Modeling Language. A successful data model will accurately reflect the possible state of the external world being modeled: for example, if people can have more than one phone number, it will allow this information to be captured. Designing a good conceptual data model requires a good understanding of the application domain; it typically involves asking deep questions about the things of interest to an organisation, like "can a customer also be a supplier?", or "if a product is sold with two different forms of packaging, are those the same product or different products?", or "if a plane flies from New York to Dubai via Frankfurt, is that one flight or two (or maybe even three)?". The answers to these questions establish definitions of the terminology used for entities (customers, products, flights, flight segments) and their relationships and attributes.

Q1: What should a conceptual data model do?
A1: reflects the structure of the information to be held
Q2: What makes a successful data model?
A2: accurately reflect the possible state of the external world being modeled
Q3: What must one understand in order to create a successful data model?
A3: the application domain
Q4: Asking questions about an organization's needs will help to create what?
A4: definitions of the terminology used for entities
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The first technical dictionary was drafted by John Harris and entitled Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. Harris' book avoided theological and biographical entries; instead it concentrated on science and technology. Published in 1704, the Lexicon technicum was the first book to be written in English that took a methodical approach to describing mathematics and commercial arithmetic along with the physical sciences and navigation. Other technical dictionaries followed Harris' model, including Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia (1728), which included five editions, and was a substantially larger work than Harris'. The folio edition of the work even included foldout engravings. The Cyclopaedia emphasized Newtonian theories, Lockean philosophy, and contained thorough examinations of technologies, such as engraving, brewing, and dyeing.

Q1: Who drafted the first technical dictionary?
A1: John Harris
Q2: What was the first technical dictionary drafted by John Harris titled?
A2: Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences
Q3: Did the Lexicon Technicum focus on theological and biographical entries or science and technology?
A3: science and technology
Q4: What year was the Lexicon Technicum published?
A4: 1704
Q5: In what language was the Lexicon Technicum written?
A5: English
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took the place of the gas operated ones in 1886. The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888, and the neighbourhoods of Reus del Sur, Reus del Norte and Conciliación were inaugurated in 1889. The new building of the School of Arts and Trades, as well as Zabala Square in Ciudad Vieja were inaugurated in 1890, followed by the Italian Hospital in 1891. In the same year, the village of Peñarol was founded. Other neighbourhoods that were founded were Belgrano and Belvedere in 1892, Jacinto Vera in 1895 and Trouville in 1897. In 1894 the new port was constructed, and in 1897, the Central Railway Station of Montevideo was inaugurated.

Q1: When were the first telephone lines installed?
A1: 1882
Q2: When did electric street lights replace the gas operated lights?
A2: 1886
Q3: When did the Hipodromo de Maronas start operating?
A3: 1888
Q4: When was the Central Railway Station of Montevideo inaugurated? 
A4: 1897
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

The first time "affirmative action" is used by the federal government concerning race is in President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925, which was chaired by Vice President Johnson. At Johnson's inaugural ball in Texas, he met with a young black lawyer, Hobart Taylor Jr., and gave him the task to co-author the executive order. He wanted a phrase that "gave a sense of positivity to performance under the order." He was torn between the words "positive action" and "affirmative action," and selected the later due to its alliterative quality. The term "active recruitment" started to be used as well. This order, albeit heavily worked up as a significant piece of legislation, in reality carried little actual power. The scope was limited to a couple hundred defense contractors, leaving nearly $7.5 billion in federal grants and loans unsupervised.:60

Q1: Which Executive Order first contained the phrase "affirmative action"?
A1: Executive Order 10925
Q2: Who chaired the committee created by Executive Order 10925?
A2: Vice President Johnson
Q3: Who co - authored the executive order?
A3: Hobart Taylor Jr.
Q4: What was the alternative phrase to "affirmative action" that was being considered?
A4: positive action
Q5: What was the main reason that "affirmative action" was chosen over "positive action"?
A5: alliterative quality
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The first truth explains the nature of dukkha. Dukkha is commonly translated as "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc., and it is said to have the following three aspects:

Q1: What does the first of the Four Noble Truths explain?
A1: the nature of dukkha
Q2: What is Dukkha?
A2: "suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc.
Q3: What does the first truth cover?
A3: Dukkha
Q4: What is another word for Dukkha?
A4: suffering
Q5: What is another nature of Dukkha?
A5: anxiety
Q6: How many aspects are there to Dukkha?
A6: three
Q7: Dukkha can be translated as what word in regards to unhappiness?
A7: unsatisfactoriness
Q8: Suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness, and unease is the translation of what word?
A8: Dukkha
Q9: How many aspects does dukkha have?
A9: three
Title: University_of_Kansas
Topic: Geography and places

The first union was built on campus in 1926 as a campus community center. The unions are still the "living rooms" of campus today and include three locations – the Kansas Union and Burge Union at the Lawrence Campus and Jayhawk Central at the Edwards Campus. The KU Memorial Unions Corporation manages the KU Bookstore (with seven locations). The KU Bookstore is the official bookstore of KU. The Corporation also includes KU Dining Services, with more than 20 campus locations, including The Market (inside the Kansas Union) and The Underground (located in Wescoe Hall). The KU Bookstore and KU Dining Services are not-for-profit, with proceeds going back to support student programs, such as Student Union Activities.

Q1: When was KU's first student union constructed?
A1: 1926
Q2: What was the role the union was intended serve?
A2: campus community center
Q3: What is the name of the student union on the Edwards Campus of KU?
A3: Jayhawk Central
Q4: What company runs the University of Kansas's bookstore?
A4: KU Memorial Unions Corporation
Q5: What is the name of a potential recipient of funds from enterprises like the bookstore and dining centers at KU?
A5: Student Union Activities
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

The first use of asphalt/bitumen in the New World was by indigenous peoples. On the west coast, as early as the 13th century, the Tongva, Luiseño and Chumash peoples collected the naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen that seeped to the surface above underlying petroleum deposits. All three used the substance as an adhesive. It is found on many different artifacts of tools and ceremonial items. For example, it was used on rattles to adhere gourds or turtle shells to rattle handles. It was also used in decorations. Small round shell beads were often set in asphaltum to provide decorations. It was used as a sealant on baskets to make them watertight for carrying water. Asphaltum was used also to seal the planks on ocean-going canoes.

Q1: What group initially made use of asphalt?
A1: indigenous peoples
Q2: For what purpose did American Indians use asphalt? 
A2: adhesive
Q3: What sort of deposits does asphalt overlay?
A3: petroleum
Q4: What would early users of asphalt want to achieve by putting it on baskets?
A4: watertight
Q5: On what type of boat was asphalt used to seal planks?
A5: canoes
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brains of modern hagfishes, lampreys, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show a gradient of size and complexity that roughly follows the evolutionary sequence. All of these brains contain the same set of basic anatomical components, but many are rudimentary in the hagfish, whereas in mammals the foremost part (the telencephalon) is greatly elaborated and expanded.

Q1: How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear?
A1: over 500 million years ago
Q2: During which scientific period did vertebrates appear?
A2: Cambrian period
Q3: Sharks appeared at about how many Mya?
A3: 450 Mya
Q4: The foremost part of the brain in mammals is known as what?
A4: (the telencephalon
Q5: At how many mya did mammals first appear in time?
A5: 200 Mya
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

The first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. EA Sports released another AFL video game, titled Arena Football: Road to Glory, on February 21, 2007, for the PlayStation 2.

Q1: What was the first Arena Football League video game?
A1: Arena Football
Q2: For what system was the first Arena Football League video game released?
A2: the C-64
Q3: In what year was the first Arena Football League video game released?
A3: 1988
Q4: On what date was Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed released?
A4: May 18, 2000
Q5: Who made Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed?
A5: Midway Games
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

The first visible institution to run into trouble in the United States was the Southern California–based IndyMac, a spin-off of Countrywide Financial. Before its failure, IndyMac Bank was the largest savings and loan association in the Los Angeles market and the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States. The failure of IndyMac Bank on July 11, 2008, was the fourth largest bank failure in United States history up until the crisis precipitated even larger failures, and the second largest failure of a regulated thrift. IndyMac Bank's parent corporation was IndyMac Bancorp until the FDIC seized IndyMac Bank. IndyMac Bancorp filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in July 2008.

Q1: Which financial institution was the first one visible to run into trouble in the United States?
A1: IndyMac
Q2: Who was Southern California-based IndyMac a spin-off of?
A2: Countrywide Financial
Q3: Before its failure, which savings and loan association was the seventh largest mortgage originator in the United States?
A3: IndyMac Bank
Q4: On what date did IndyMac fail?
A4: July 11, 2008
Q5: Who was IndyMac's parent corporation?
A5: IndyMac Bancorp
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improved the brightness of red and red-orange LEDs by a factor of ten in 1972. In 1976, T. P. Pearsall created the first high-brightness, high-efficiency LEDs for optical fiber telecommunications by inventing new semiconductor materials specifically adapted to optical fiber transmission wavelengths.

Q1: At what global company was the first visible-spectrum LED developed?
A1: General Electric Company
Q2: What GE employee developed the visible-spectrum LED?
A2: Nick Holonyak, Jr.
Q3: What color is associated with the visible-spectrum LED?
A3: red
Q4: What color LED was later created in 1972?
A4: yellow
Q5: What graduate student of Holonyak created the yellow LED?
A5: M. George Craford
Title: Israel
Topic: History

The first wave of modern Jewish migration to Ottoman-ruled Palestine, known as the First Aliyah, began in 1881, as Jews fled pogroms in Eastern Europe. Although the Zionist movement already existed in practice, Austro-Hungarian journalist Theodor Herzl is credited with founding political Zionism, a movement which sought to establish a Jewish state in the Land of Israel, thus offering a solution to the so-called Jewish Question of the European states, in conformity with the goals and achievements of other national projects of the time. In 1896, Herzl published Der Judenstaat (The State of the Jews), offering his vision of a future Jewish state; the following year he presided over the first Zionist Congress.

Q1: What was the first wave of modern Jewish migration to Ottoman-ruled Palestine known as?
A1: First Aliyah
Q2: When did the First Aliyah begin?
A2: 1881
Q3: Who is credited as founding political Zionism?
A3: Theodor Herzl
Title: Web_browser
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus.

Q1: When was the first browser created?
A1: 1990
Q2: Who invented the first browser?
A2: Sir Tim Berners-Lee
Q3: What was Berners-Lee a director of?
A3: the World Wide Web Consortium
Q4: What organization did Berners-Lee create?
A4: World Wide Web Foundation
Title: Canadian_football
Topic: Sports and recreation

The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, Frederick A. Bethune, and Christopher Gwynn, one of the founders of Milton, Massachusetts, devised rules based on rugby football. The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada). Montreal formed a team April 8, 1872, Toronto was formed on October 4, 1873, and the Ottawa FBC on September 20, 1876.

Q1: On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived?
A1: October 15, 1862
Q2: Which team won the first recorded Canadian football game?
A2: First Battalion Grenadier Guards
Q3: What was the first final score recorded of a Canadian football game?
A3: 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing
Q4: What is the oldest football club in Canada?
A4: Hamilton Football Club
Q5: Which founder of Milton, MA also helped develop the rules of Canadian football?
A5: Christopher Gwynn
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The first years of the 14th century were marked by famines, culminating in the Great Famine of 1315–17. The causes of the Great Famine included the slow transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age, which left the population vulnerable when bad weather caused crop failures. The years 1313–14 and 1317–21 were excessively rainy throughout Europe, resulting in widespread crop failures. The climate change—which resulted in a declining average annual temperature for Europe during the 14th century—was accompanied by an economic downturn.

Q1: In what years did the Great Famine occur?
A1: 1315–17
Q2: What period resulted in poor weather that increased crop failures?
A2: the Little Ice Age
Q3: What period preceded the Little Ice Age?
A3: the Medieval Warm Period
Q4: Along with 1317–21, what span saw extreme rains in Europe?
A4: 1313–14
Q5: In what century did the European average annual temperature decrease?
A5: 14th
Title: Geography_of_the_United_States
Topic: Geography and places

The five Great Lakes are located in the north-central portion of the country, four of them forming part of the border with Canada, only Lake Michigan situated entirely within United States. The southeast United States contain subtropical forests and, near the gulf coast, mangrove wetlands, especially in Florida. West of the Appalachians lies the Mississippi River basin and two large eastern tributaries, the Ohio River and the Tennessee River. The Ohio and Tennessee Valleys and the Midwest consist largely of rolling hills and productive farmland, stretching south to the Gulf Coast.

Q1: How many Great Lakes form a border with Canada?
A1: four
Q2: Which of the Great Lakes is entirely located in US territory?
A2: Lake Michigan
Q3: Which major river is located west of the Appalachian mountains?
A3: Mississippi River
Q4: What type of land makes up the Ohio and Tennessee valleys?
A4: rolling hills and productive farmland
Q5: Which section of the US contains subtropical forests and mangrove wetlands?
A5: southeast United States
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

The five most prevalent chains are Lotte, Hyundai, Shinsegae, Galleria, AK plaza. Lotte Department Store is the largest, operating more than 40 stores (include outlet, young plaza, foreign branches). Hyundai Department Store has about 14 stores (13dept, 1outlet), and there are 10 stores in Shinsegae. Shinsegae has 3 outlet store with Simon. Galleria has 5, AK has 5 stores. Galleriaeast and west is well known by luxury goods. These five department stores are known to people as representative corporations in the field of distirution in South Korea. From fashion items to electric appliances, people can buy various kinds of products. Every weekend, people are fond of going around these department stores, because their location is usually easy to visit. As of 2010 the Shinsegae department store in Centum City, Busan, is the largest department store in the world.

Q1: What department store chain operates the most stores? 
A1: Lotte Department Store
Q2: Where is the "field of distribution" most often associated with?
A2: South Korea
Q3: What store was the largest department store in the world in 2010?
A3: Shinsegae department store
Q4: Where is the largest department store in the world located?
A4: Centum City, Busan
Title: Flowering_plant
Topic: Natural sciences

The flower may consist only of these parts, as in willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepals and petals (or tepals in flowers such as Magnolia where sepals and petals are not distinguishable from each other). The outer series (calyx of sepals) is usually green and leaf-like, and functions to protect the rest of the flower, especially the bud. The inner series (corolla of petals) is, in general, white or brightly colored, and is more delicate in structure. It functions to attract insect or bird pollinators. Attraction is effected by color, scent, and nectar, which may be secreted in some part of the flower. The characteristics that attract pollinators account for the popularity of flowers and flowering plants among humans.

Q1: What is a willow's flower comprised of?
A1: only a few stamens or two carpels
Q2: What have some structures evolved to protect?
A2: the sporophylls
Q3: Individual members of enveloping structures are known by what terms?
A3: sepals and petals
Q4: What appearance are calyx of sepals typically?
A4: green and leaf-like
Q5: The features of flowers which attract pollinators also attract what other creature?
A5: humans
Title: Flowering_plant
Topic: Natural sciences

The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with about 350,000 species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure, in other words, a fruiting plant. The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek composite word (angeion-, "case" or "casing", and sperma, "seed") meaning "enclosed seeds", after the enclosed condition of the seeds.

Q1: What are the most diverse group of land plants?
A1: angiosperms
Q2: How many species of flowering plants are there about?
A2: 350,000
Q3: What do angiosperms have in common with gymnosperms?
A3: seed-producing plants
Q4: What does an angiosperm produce its seeds within?
A4: an enclosure
Q5: What is the Greek word for "case" or "casing"?
A5: angeion
Title: Annelid
Topic: Natural sciences

The fluid in the coelomata contains coelomocyte cells that defend the animals against parasites and infections. In some species coelomocytes may also contain a respiratory pigment – red hemoglobin in some species, green chlorocruorin in others (dissolved in the plasma) – and provide oxygen transport within their segments. Respiratory pigment is also dissolved in the blood plasma. Species with well-developed septa generally also have blood vessels running all long their bodies above and below the gut, the upper one carrying blood forwards while the lower one carries it backwards. Networks of capillaries in the body wall and around the gut transfer blood between the main blood vessels and to parts of the segment that need oxygen and nutrients. Both of the major vessels, especially the upper one, can pump blood by contracting. In some annelids the forward end of the upper blood vessel is enlarged with muscles to form a heart, while in the forward ends of many earthworms some of the vessels that connect the upper and lower main vessels function as hearts. Species with poorly developed or no septa generally have no blood vessels and rely on the circulation within the coelom for delivering nutrients and oxygen.

Q1: What can coelomocyte cells defend against?
A1: parasites and infections
Q2: What type of pigment is dissolved in annelids' blood?
A2: Respiratory
Q3: What runs the length of annelids' bodies with well-developed septa?
A3: blood vessels
Q4: What do annelids without septa have to use for circulation?
A4: circulation within the coelom
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

The focus on the Hellenistic period over the course of the 19th century by scholars and historians has led to an issue common to the study of historical periods; historians see the period of focus as a mirror of the period in which they are living. Many 19th century scholars contended that the Hellenistic period represented a cultural decline from the brilliance of classical Greece. Though this comparison is now seen as unfair and meaningless, it has been noted that even commentators of the time saw the end of a cultural era which could not be matched again. This may be inextricably linked with the nature of government. It has been noted by Herodotus that after the establishment of the Athenian democracy:

Q1: What century of scholars considered the Hellenistic period a decline in culture from classic Greece?
A1: 19th
Q2: How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period?
A2: a mirror
Q3: The viewpoint that the Hellenistic period represented a decline in culture was proven to be meaningless and what?
A3: unfair
Title: Israel
Topic: History

The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War; Contingents from Yemen, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan joined the war. The apparent purpose of the invasion was to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state at inception, and some Arab leaders talked about driving the Jews into the sea. According to Benny Morris, Jews felt that the invading Arab armies aimed to slaughter the Jews. The Arab league stated that the invasion was to restore law and order and to prevent further bloodshed.

Q1: What four Arab countries entered British Mandatory Palestine?
A1: Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq
Q2: When was the Arab-Israeli War launched?
A2: 1948
Q3: What were the invading Arab armies aim?
A3: slaughter the Jews
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

The following era was marked by instability, as over 1.5 million propertyless Greek refugees from Turkey had to be integrated into Greek society. Because the term "Greeks" in the exchange was based on religion Cappadocian Greeks, Pontian Greeks, and non Greek followers of Greek Orthodoxy were all subject to the exchange as well. Many of these refugees couldn't even speak the language, and were from alien environments, such as the case of the non Greeks and Cappadocians. The refugees also made a dramatic post war population boost, as the amount of refugees was more than a quarter of Greece's prior population. The task was undertaken by settling the Pontians and Cappadocians in the Macedonian mountains, where they would adapt better, and settling the Demotic speakers and non Greeks in the Greek Isles and cities, where they were already adapted to.

Q1: How many Greek refugees came from Turkey?
A1: 1.5 million
Q2: Pontian and Cappadocian refugees were relocated to where?
A2: Macedonian mountains
Q3: Demotic speaking Greek refugees were placed where?
A3: Greek Isles and cities
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

The following is a comparison of Chinese characters in the Standard Form of National Characters, a common traditional Chinese standard used in Taiwan, the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters, the standard for Mainland Chinese simplified Chinese characters, and the jōyō kanji, the standard for Japanese kanji. Generally, the jōyō kanji are more similar to traditional Chinese characters than simplified Chinese characters are to traditional Chinese characters. "Simplified" refers to having significant differences from the Taiwan standard, not necessarily being a newly created character or a newly performed substitution. The characters in the Hong Kong standard and the Kangxi Dictionary are also known as "Traditional," but are not shown.

Q1: What are also known as "traditional"?
A1: characters in the Hong Kong standard and the Kangxi Dictionary
Q2: What is usually more similar to traditional Chinese characters?
A2: jōyō kanji
Q3: What is commonly used in Taiwan?
A3: Table of General Standard Chinese Characters
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

The following is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces. It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.

Q1: What is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces?
A1: It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

The following sulfonylureas have been commercialized for weed control: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl Sulfosulfuron, terbacil, bispyribac-sodium, cyclosulfamuron, and pyrithiobac-sodium. Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl, and chlorsulfuron are broad-spectrum herbicides that kill plants by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase. In the 1960s, more than 1 kg/ha (0.89 lb/acre) crop protection chemical was typically applied, while sulfonylureates allow as little as 1% as much material to achieve the same effect.

Q1: What are sulfonyureas commonly used for?
A1: weed control
Q2: Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl and chlorsulfuron can be classified as what type of pesticides?
A2: broad-spectrum herbicides
Q3: The restriction of what enzyme allows broad-spectrum herbicides to kill plants?
A3: acetolactate synthase
Q4: The amount of material used as a crop protection measure decreased from 1kg/ha in what year to its current 1%?
A4: 1960s
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004
Topic: History

The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls.

Q1: Which candidate went on to win the South Carolina primary?
A1: John Edwards
Q2: Which candidate won the Oklahoma primary?
A2: Clark
Q3: Which candidate dropped out of the race, following losing the Oklahoma primary?
A3: Lieberman
Q4: Which candidate received heighted support after winning caucuses and primaries in many states?
A4: Kerry
Q5: After Clark and Dean dropped out, which candidate was considered to be the only real contender against Kerry?
A5: Edwards
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of The Times, exposed The Protocols as a forgery, The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year.

Q1: A Constantinople correspondent of The Times exposed what anti-Semitic document as a forgery?
A1: The Protocols
Q2: Who was the name of the The Times Constantinople correspondent who exposed the anti-Semitic document as a forgery?
A2: Philip Graves
Q3: How did The Times respond to the exposing of anti-Semitic documents as forgery?
A3: retracted the editorial
Title: Northwestern_University
Topic: History

The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena. Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys." The name was so popular that university board members made "wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname from "Wildcats" to "Purple Haze" but the new name never stuck.

Q1: Where do Northwestern's basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play?
A1: Welsh-Ryan Arena
Q2: What is the nickname given to Northwestern's athletic teams?
A2: Wildcats
Q3: What was the official nickname of Northwestern's athletic teams prior to 1924?
A3: The Purple
Q4: What was the unofficial nickname of the Northwestern athletic teams prior to 1924?
A4: The Fighting Methodists
Q5: What name did the student body unsuccessfully try to rename the Wildcats in 1972?
A5: Purple Haze
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

The forces converged in the largest sea battle of World War II up to that point. Over the previous month American destroyers had destroyed 17 of 25 submarines out of Ozawa's screening force. Repeated U.S. raids destroyed the Japanese land-based planes. Ozawa's main attack lacked coordination, with the Japanese planes arriving at their targets in a staggered sequence. Following a directive from Nimitz, the U.S. carriers all had combat information centers, which interpreted the flow of radar data and radioed interception orders to the Hellcats. The result was later dubbed the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. The few attackers to reach the U.S. fleet encountered massive AA fire with proximity fuzes. Only one American warship was slightly damaged.

Q1: How many of Ozawa's submarines were sunk by American destroyers?
A1: 17
Q2: How many American warships were damaged during the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot?
A2: one
Q3: In what sequence did Japanese planes arrive at their targets?
A3: staggered
Q4: Where did the radio interception orders to U.S> Hellcat fighters come from?
A4: combat information centers
Q5: Who gave the directive for all carriers in the US Navy to have combat information centers?
A5: Nimitz
Title: Biodiversity
Topic: Natural sciences

The forests play a vital role in harbouring more than 45,000 floral and 81,000 faunal species of which 5150 floral and 1837 faunal species are endemic. Plant and animal species confined to a specific geographical area are called endemic species. In reserved forests, rights to activities like hunting and grazing are sometimes given to communities living on the fringes of the forest, who sustain their livelihood partially or wholly from forest resources or products. The unclassed forests covers 6.4 percent of the total forest area and they are marked by the following characteristics:

Q1: What plays a vital role in harbouring floral and faunal species?
A1: The forests
Q2: How many endemic floral species do forests harbor?
A2: 5150
Q3: How many endemic faunal species do forests harbor?
A3: 1837
Q4: What types of animals and plans are confined to a specific geographical area?
A4: endemic species
Q5: What types of activities are granted rights in reserved forests?
A5: hunting and grazing
Title: Old_English
Topic: Language and literature

The form of the verb varies with person (first, second and third), number (singular and plural), tense (present and past), and mood (indicative, subjunctive and imperative). Old English also sometimes uses compound constructions to express other verbal aspects, the future and the passive voice; in these we see the beginnings of the compound tenses of Modern English. Old English verbs include strong verbs, which form the past tense by altering the root vowel, and weak verbs, which use a suffix such as -de. As in Modern English, and peculiar to the Germanic languages, the verbs formed two great classes: weak (regular), and strong (irregular). Like today, Old English had fewer strong verbs, and many of these have over time decayed into weak forms. Then, as now, dental suffixes indicated the past tense of the weak verbs, as in work and worked.

Q1: Along with the present, what was a verb tense in Old English?
A1: past
Q2: What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English?
A2: indicative, subjunctive and imperative
Q3: Along with the first and second, what person influenced verb variation in Old English?
A3: third
Q4: What is an example of a suffix used by Old English weak verbs?
A4: -de
Q5: How did Old English strong verbs express the past tense?
A5: altering the root vowel