LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Logical empiricism (also logical positivism or neopositivism) was an early 20th-century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism (e.g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Some of the key figures in this movement were Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick and the rest of the Vienna Circle, along with A.J. Ayer, Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach.

Q1: What are other terms for logical empiricism?
A1: logical positivism or neopositivism
Q2: When was logical empricism formulated?
A2: early 20th-century
Q3: What did logical empiricism try to combine with mathematical logic?
A3: British empiricism
Q4: What was Otto Neurath an important member of?
A4: Logical empiricism
Q5: What was AJ Ayer an important member of?
A5: Logical empiricism
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

Logically, no number of positive outcomes at the level of experimental testing can confirm a scientific theory, but a single counterexample is logically decisive: it shows the theory, from which the implication is derived, to be false. To say that a given statement (e.g., the statement of a law of some scientific theory) -- [call it "T"] -- is "falsifiable" does not mean that "T" is false. Rather, it means that, if "T" is false, then (in principle), "T" could be shown to be false, by observation or by experiment. Popper's account of the logical asymmetry between verification and falsifiability lies at the heart of his philosophy of science. It also inspired him to take falsifiability as his criterion of demarcation between what is, and is not, genuinely scientific: a theory should be considered scientific if, and only if, it is falsifiable. This led him to attack the claims of both psychoanalysis and contemporary Marxism to scientific status, on the basis that their theories are not falsifiable.

Q1: Popper pointed out an important logical asymmetry between what two concepts?
A1: verification and falsifiability
Q2: What does Popper say demarcates scientific theory from non-science?
A2: falsifiability
Q3: What political theory did Popper say did not meet his falsifiability criterion?
A3: Marxism
Q4: What branch of psychology was Popper critical of for not producing falsifiable theory?
A4: psychoanalysis
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.

Q1: How many theaters does London's West End have?
A1: 40
Q2: Where does Greenwich Mean Time marked?
A2: the Royal Observatory, Greenwich
Q3: What famous palace is located in London?
A3: Buckingham Palace
Q4: What is the name of the world's oldest underground railway?
A4: The London Underground
Q5: How many World Heritage Sites can be found in London?
A5: four
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within Greater London. The Office for National Statistics estimated its mid-2014 population to be 8,538,689, the largest of any municipality in the European Union, and accounting for 12.5 percent of the UK population. London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census. The city's metropolitan area is one of the most populous in Europe with 13,879,757 inhabitants,[note 4] while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million. London was the world's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925.

Q1: From the 2011 census, London is second in population in the EU to which city?
A1: Paris
Q2: During what time did London have the world's largest population, city-wise?
A2: around 1831 to 1925
Q3: Approximately how many languages are spoken in the Greater London area?
A3: more than 300
Q4: As of mid-2014, London's population forms what percentage of the entire United Kingdom population?
A4: 12.5
Q5: What is the population of metropolitan London?
A5: 13,879,757
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London has been the setting for many works of literature. The literary centres of London have traditionally been hilly Hampstead and (since the early 20th century) Bloomsbury. Writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, noted for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire, Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy London of street sweepers and pickpockets has been a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian London, and Virginia Woolf, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the 20th century.

Q1: Who witnessed first-hand and wrote about the Great Fire of 1666?
A1: Samuel Pepys
Q2: What area has historically been the literary hub of London?
A2: Hampstead
Q3: A more current, 20th century center for London's literary set is located where?
A3: Bloomsbury
Q4: Which author's novels painted a dismal portrait of Victorian London?
A4: Charles Dickens
Q5: What female writer is one of the leading literary minds of the 20th century?
A5: Virginia Woolf
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.

Q1: What famous chain of music-themed restaurants opened its first establishment in London?
A1: Hard Rock Cafe
Q2: In which recording studio did the Beatles do much of their recording? 
A2: Abbey Road Studios
Q3: What in part inspired the sounds of many British rock bands and singers in the 60s, 70s, and 80s?
A3: the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.
Q4: What London concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?
A4: Wembley Arena
Q5: Located in London, what is the busiest concert arena in the world?
A5: the o2 arena
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London. London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan, Jude Law, Tom Hardy, Keira Knightley and Daniel Day-Lewis. As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House. London is a major centre for television production, with studios including BBC Television Centre, The Fountain Studios and The London Studios. Many television programmes have been set in London, including the popular television soap opera EastEnders, broadcast by the BBC since 1985.

Q1: What major film production company calls London home?
A1: Working Title Films
Q2: In what theater are the British Academy film awards presented?
A2: the Royal Opera House
Q3: What popular soap opera has the BBC televised since 1985?
A3: EastEnders
Q4: What silent movie film star who made movies such as The Little Tramp hailed from London?
A4: Charlie Chaplin
Q5: In what year was the stage musical My Fair Lady, set in turn-of-the-century London, made into a major motion picture?
A5: 1964
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2] The conurbation also covers two English counties: the small district of the City of London and the county of Greater London. The latter constitutes the vast majority of London, though historically it was split between Middlesex (a now abolished county), Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire.

Q1: As of 2011 what was the population of the core of London?
A1: 7,375
Q2: On what river is London situated?
A2: River Thames
Q3: What was London's original name, as founded by the Romans?
A3: Londinium
Q4: What bodies govern Greater London?
A4: the Mayor of London and the London Assembly
Q5: What is the approximate area of the core of the City of London?
A5: 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2)
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3] London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

Q1: Where does London rank in terms of metropolitan area GDP?
A1: fifth-or sixth-largest
Q2: How many times has London hosted the Summer Olympic Games?
A2: three
Q3: What measurement designates London as the world's most visited city?
A3: international arrivals
Q4: How many universities does London boast?
A4: 43
Q5: When did London most recently host the Summer Olympics?
A5: 2012
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is a major global centre of higher education teaching and research and its 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe. According to the QS World University Rankings 2015/16, London has the greatest concentration of top class universities in the world and the international student population around 110,000 which is also more than any other city in the world. A 2014 PricewaterhouseCoopers report termed London as the global capital of higher education

Q1: What professional services network named London the world's capital of higher education?
A1: PricewaterhouseCoopers
Q2: London has the highest concentration of higher education institutions in Europe with how many universities?
A2: 43
Q3: What is the approximate number of international students studying in London?
A3: 110,000
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened. There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.

Q1: How many airports are affiliated with London and incorporate the word London in their names?
A1: Eight
Q2: The majority of air traffic utilizes how many of the airports in and around London?
A2: six
Q3: In terms of international travel, which airport is the world's busiest?
A3: London Heathrow
Q4: A fifth terminal was opened in 2008 for which UK airline?
A4: British Airways
Q5: In May 2010, who scrapped British Airways's plans to add a sixth terminal and another runway?
A5: the Coalition Government
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish communities. Notable mosques include the East London Mosque in Tower Hamlets, London Central Mosque on the edge of Regent's Park and the Baitul Futuh Mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Following the oil boom, increasing numbers of wealthy Hindus and Middle-Eastern Muslims have based themselves around Mayfair and Knightsbridge in West London. There are large Muslim communities in the eastern boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Newham. Large Hindu communities are in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter of which is home to Europe's largest Hindu temple, Neasden Temple. London is also home to 42 Hindu temples. There are Sikh communities in East and West London, particularly in Southall, home to one of the largest Sikh populations and the largest Sikh temple outside India.

Q1: What is the name of the largest Hindu temple in Europe?
A1: Neasden Temple
Q2: Where is London's Sikh population primarily located?
A2: Southall
Q3: Where is the East London Mosque located?
A3: Tower Hamlets
Q4: Which eastern boroughs host large Muslim populations?
A4: Tower Hamlets and Newham
Q5: How many Hindu temples exist in London?
A5: 42
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe).

Q1: How many major medical schools does London boast?
A1: five
Q2: What is the largest school of medicine in Europe?
A2: King's College London School of Medicine
Q3: Barts and the London School of Dentistry if part of which university in the University of London Network?
A3: Queen Mary
Q4: How many of the United Kingdom's five health academic science centers are located in London?
A4: three
Q5: UCL Partners is the largest type of what facility in Europe?
A5: academic health science centres
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the British Museum in Bloomsbury, in 1753. Originally containing antiquities, natural history specimens and the national library, the museum now has 7 million artefacts from around the globe. In 1824 the National Gallery was founded to house the British national collection of Western paintings; this now occupies a prominent position in Trafalgar Square.

Q1: When was the British Museum in Bloomsbury founded?
A1: 1753
Q2: Which London museum is prominently located in Trafalgar Square?
A2: the National Gallery
Q3: How many artifacts from all over the world does the British Museum have on display?
A3: 7 million
Q4: Besides being popular tourist destinations, London's museums play a vital role in what activity?
A4: research
Q5: The National Gallery was established in 1824 to accommodate and display what items?
A5: the British national collection of Western paintings
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is one of the leading tourist destinations in the world and in 2015 was ranked as the most visited city in the world with over 65 million visits. It is also the top city in the world by visitor cross-border spending, estimated at US$20.23 billion in 2015 Tourism is one of London's prime industries, employing the equivalent of 350,000 full-time workers in 2003, and the city accounts for 54% of all inbound visitor spend in UK. As of 2016 London is rated as the world top ranked city destination by TripAdvisor users.

Q1: According to 2015 data, how many how many visitors gave London its ranking as the number one visited city in the world?
A1: 65 million
Q2: How many US dollars are estimated to have been spent in London by visitors from other countries?
A2: $20.23 billion
Q3: As of 2003, roughly how many full time workers were employed in the tourism industry?
A3: 350,000
Q4: Which travel and tourism website's user activity has indicated that London is the number one travel destination?
A4: TripAdvisor
Q5: What percentage of visitor money is estimated to be spent in London?
A5: 54%
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and is home to major music corporations, such as EMI and Warner Music Group as well as countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (principal base of the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Chorus), Cadogan Hall (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) and the Royal Albert Hall (The Proms). London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum. The UK's largest pipe organ is at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are at the cathedrals and major churches. Several conservatoires are within the city: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music and Drama and Trinity Laban.

Q1: What musical instrument is situated at Royal Albert Hall?
A1: The UK's largest pipe organ
Q2: London-based EMI is a corporation focused on what industry?
A2: music
Q3: In which facility is the London Symphony Orchestra based?
A3: the Barbican Arts Centre
Q4: What are the names of London's two primary opera houses?
A4: the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum
Q5: Royal Academy of Music and Royal College of Music are examples of what?
A5: conservatoires
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is the seat of the Government of the United Kingdom. Many government departments are based close to the Palace of Westminster, particularly along Whitehall, including the Prime Minister's residence at 10 Downing Street. The British Parliament is often referred to as the "Mother of Parliaments" (although this sobriquet was first applied to England itself by John Bright) because it has been the model for most other parliamentary systems. There are 73 Members of Parliament (MPs) from London, who correspond to local parliamentary constituencies in the national Parliament. As of May 2015, 45 are from the Labour Party, 27 are Conservatives, and one is a Liberal Democrat.

Q1: What is the Prime Minister of the UK's official residence?
A1: 10 Downing Street
Q2: Who first dubbed the British Parliament the "Mother of Parliaments?"
A2: John Bright
Q3: How many Members of Parliament are from London?
A3: 73
Q4: As of May 2015, which party holds the majority of seats in Parliament?
A4: the Labour Party
Q5: As of May 2015, how many Liberal Democrats sit in Parliament?
A5: one
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London is the world's most expensive office market for the last three years according to world property journal (2015) report. As of 2015[update] the residential property in London is worth $2.2 trillion - same value as that of Brazil annual GDP. The city has the highest property prices of any European city according to the Office for National Statistics and the European Office of Statistics. On average the price per square metre in central London is €24,252 (April 2014). This is higher than the property prices in other G8 European capital cities; Berlin €3,306, Rome €6,188 and Paris €11,229.

Q1: London's residential property value is equivalent to what nation's GDP?
A1: Brazil
Q2: What is the average price of property per square meter in central London as of April 2014?
A2: €24,252
Q3: A World Property Journal report has ranked London as the most expensive office market in the world for how many consecutive years?
A3: three
Q4: What city has the highest prices for property in Europe?
A4: London
Q5: What is the average property price per square meter in Berlin as of April 2014?
A5: €3,306
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London was instrumental in the development of punk music, with figures such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash, and Vivienne Westwood all based in the city. More recent artists to emerge from the London music scene include George Michael, Kate Bush, Seal, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bush, the Spice Girls, Jamiroquai, Blur, The Prodigy, Gorillaz, Mumford & Sons, Coldplay, Amy Winehouse, Adele, Ed Sheeran and One Direction. London is also a centre for urban music. In particular the genres UK garage, drum and bass, dubstep and grime evolved in the city from the foreign genres of hip hop and reggae, alongside local drum and bass. Black music station BBC Radio 1Xtra was set up to support the rise of home-grown urban music both in London and in the rest of the UK.

Q1: London was a major factor in the rise of what musical genre?
A1: punk
Q2: Musical genres that gained popularity in London and elsewhere, such as dubstep, were based on and derived from what?
A2: the foreign genres of hip hop and reggae
Q3: Which BBC radio station focuses primarily on black and urban music?
A3: BBC Radio 1Xtra
Q4: What rock music group led by Gavin Rossdale got its start in London's music scene?
A4: Bush
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925. London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some of the surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of those areas of the counties surrounding the capital. London was bombed by the Germans during the First World War while during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe, killed over 30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. Immediately after the war, the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when London had barely recovered from the war.

Q1: What was the primary cause of the cholera outbreak in 19th century London?
A1: London's overcrowded conditions
Q2: Who bombed London in both World War I and World War II?
A2: the Germans
Q3: When did London host its first Summer Olympics?
A3: 1948
Q4: How many people died of cholera in London in 1848?
A4: 14,000
Q5: Where did the 1948 Summer Olympics in London take place?
A5: the original Wembley Stadium
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London's buildings are too diverse to be characterised by any particular architectural style, partly because of their varying ages. Many grand houses and public buildings, such as the National Gallery, are constructed from Portland stone. Some areas of the city, particularly those just west of the centre, are characterised by white stucco or whitewashed buildings. Few structures in central London pre-date the Great Fire of 1666, these being a few trace Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the City. Further out is, for example, the Tudor period Hampton Court Palace, England's oldest surviving Tudor palace, built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey c.1515.

Q1: What is England's oldest standing palace from the Tudor period?
A1: Hampton Court Palace
Q2: Of what material is London's National Gallery made?
A2: Portland stone
Q3: When did the Great Fire of London occur?
A3: 1666
Q4: The area west of London's city is characterized by what type of building?
A4: white stucco or whitewashed
Q5: What, in part, is the reason for London's lack of a singularly characteristic architectural style among its buildings?
A5: their varying ages
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London's bus network is one of the largest in the world, running 24 hours a day, with about 8,500 buses, more than 700 bus routes and around 19,500 bus stops. In 2013, the network had more than 2 billion commuter trips per annum, more than the Underground. Around £850 million is taken in revenue each year. London has the largest wheelchair accessible network in the world and, from the 3rd quarter of 2007, became more accessible to hearing and visually impaired passengers as audio-visual announcements were introduced. The distinctive red double-decker buses are an internationally recognised trademark of London transport along with black cabs and the Tube.

Q1: How much revenue is generated yearly by London's public bus service?
A1: £850 million
Q2: How many buses does the London public bus network operate?
A2: more than 700
Q3: What feature added in 2007 facilitated bus travel by London' passengers with hearing and vision impairments?
A3: audio-visual announcements
Q4: What distinct appearance identifies many buses as a landmark for London?
A4: red double-decker
Q5: Typically, what color are London taxi cabs?
A5: black
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

London's defences were rapidly reorganised by General Pile, the Commander-in-Chief of Anti-Aircraft Command. The difference this made to the effectiveness of air defences is questionable. The British were still one-third below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery AAA (or ack-ack) in May 1941, with only 2,631 weapons available. Dowding had to rely on night fighters. From 1940 to 1941, the most successful night-fighter was the Boulton Paul Defiant; its four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type. AA defences improved by better use of radar and searchlights. Over several months, the 20,000 shells spent per raider shot down in September 1940, was reduced to 4,087 in January 1941 and to 2,963 shells in February 1941.

Q1: Who reorganised London's defences?
A1: General Pile
Q2: The British were how far below the establishment of heavy anti-aircraft artillery?
A2: one-third
Q3: Who relied on night fighters?
A3: Dowding
Q4: Who's four squadrons shot down more enemy aircraft than any other type?
A4: Boulton Paul Defiant
Q5: How were AA defenses improved?
A5: by better use of radar and searchlights
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London's first and only cable car, known as the Emirates Air Line, opened in June 2012. Crossing the River Thames, linking Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks in the east of the city, the cable car is integrated with London's Oyster Card ticketing system, although special fares are charged. Costing £60 million to build, it carries over 3,500 passengers every day, although this is very much lower than its capacity. Similar to the Santander Cycles bike hire scheme, the cable car is sponsored in a 10-year deal by the airline Emirates.

Q1: What is the name of London' bike-for-hire operation?
A1: Santander Cycles
Q2: When did the single cable car operating in London begin service?
A2: June 2012
Q3: Who is the current sponsor of London's cable car operation?
A3: the airline Emirates
Q4: What was the approximate cost to build the Emirates Airline Cable Car?
A4: £60
Q5: Roughly how many passengers travel daily on London's cable car?
A5: 3,500
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments. Around 325,000 people were employed in financial services in London until mid-2007. London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any other city in the world. Over 85 percent (3.2 million) of the employed population of greater London works in the services industries. Because of its prominent global role, London's economy had been affected by the Late-2000s financial crisis. However, by 2010 the City has recovered; put in place new regulatory powers, proceeded to regain lost ground and re-established London's economic dominance. The City of London is home to the Bank of England, London Stock Exchange, and Lloyd's of London insurance market.

Q1: What is the name of the world-famous insurance market based in London?
A1: Lloyd's of London
Q2: What is the largest industry in London?
A2: finance
Q3: What is the UK's central bank known as?
A3: the Bank of England
Q4: Prior to mid-2007, approximately how many people in London had jobs in the financial sector?
A4: 325,000
Q5: How many banks does London operate overseas?
A5: 480
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.

Q1: What is London's most popular athletic sport?
A1: football
Q2: How many of the football clubs in the Premier League are based in London?
A2: five
Q3: When did the Chelsea Football Club win the UEFA Champions League title?
A3: May 2012
Q4: How many professional football clubs call London their home?
A4: fourteen
Q5: Besides the Arsenal, Chelsea, and Tottenham football clubs, how many London-based football club have won a national league titie?
A5: none
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

Long a major population center and site of worldwide automobile manufacturing, Detroit has suffered a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. Like many industrial American cities, Detroit reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.8 million people. Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and loss of jobs (as described above), by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number, with just over 700,000 residents. The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.

Q1: In which year did Detroit's population peak?
A1: 1950
Q2: What was the population of Detroit in 1950?
A2: 1.8 million
Q3: By how much in percent has the population of Detroit declined since 1950?
A3: 40
Q4: What was the population of Detroit in 2010?
A4: 700,000
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

Long before the exemption is considered by the Endangered Species Committee, the Forest Service, and either the FWS or the NMFS will have consulted on the biological implications of the timber harvest. The consultation can be informal, to determine if harm may occur; and then formal if the harm is believed to be likely. The questions to be answered in these consultations are whether the species will be harmed, whether the habitat will be harmed and if the action will aid or hinder the recovery of the listed species.

Q1: Who reviews exemption considerations before the Endangered Species committee?
A1: the Forest Service, and either the FWS or the NMFS
Q2: During informal consultation, what is the goal?
A2: to determine if harm may occur
Q3: What prompts the need for formal consultation?
A3: if the harm is believed to be likely
Q4: What considerations are weighed during the consultations?
A4: whether the species will be harmed, whether the habitat will be harmed and if the action will aid or hinder the recovery
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year.

Q1: When do long distance migrants disperse?
A1: as young birds
Q2: What do young birds form attachments to?
A2: potential breeding sites
Q3: What else do young birds form attachments to?
A3: wintering sites
Q4: What happens when the site attachment is made?
A4: they show high site-fidelity
Q5: Where do migrating birds visit?
A5: the same wintering sites year after year
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a final Allegro. These movements can then be further broken down into a hierarchy of smaller units: first sections, then periods, and finally phrases.

Q1: What are self-contained pieces in longer works called?
A1: movements
Q2: How many movements are symphonies written in the Classical period usually divided into?
A2: four
Q3: What, typically, is the speed of the second movement in a classical piece?
A3: slow
Q4: A movement broken up further is called what?
A4: sections
Q5: The final movement of a classical piece is usually called what?
A5: Allegro
Title: Zhejiang
Topic: Geography and places

Longjing tea (also called dragon well tea), originating in Hangzhou, is one of the most prestigious, if not the most prestigious Chinese tea. Hangzhou is also renowned for its silk umbrellas and hand fans. Zhejiang cuisine (itself subdivided into many traditions, including Hangzhou cuisine) is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine.

Q1: What is Longjing tea also called?
A1: dragon well tea
Q2: Where does Longjing tea originate from?
A2: Hangzhou
Q3: What type of umbrellas is Hangzhou known for?
A3: silk
Q4: What type of fans is Hangzhou known for?
A4: hand
Q5: Zhejiang cuisine is one of how many great traditions of Chinese cuisine?
A5: eight
Title: Liberia
Topic: History

Longstanding political tensions from the 27 year rule of William Tubman resulted in a military coup in 1980 that overthrew the leadership soon after his death, marking the beginning of political instability. Five years of military rule by the People's Redemption Council and five years of civilian rule by the National Democratic Party of Liberia were followed by the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars. These resulted in the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy. A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005. Recovery proceeds but about 85% of the population live below the international poverty line.

Q1: How long did william tubman rule?
A1: 27 year
Q2: In what year did a military coupe overthrow leadership leading to william tubmans death?
A2: 1980
Q3: How long was the rule of the peoples redemption council?
A3: five years
Q4: How long was the rule of the national democratic party?
A4: five years
Q5: What did the liberian civil war result in?
A5: the deaths and displacement of more than half a million people and devastated Liberia's economy.
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Loop antennas consist of a loop or coil of wire. Loops with circumference of a wavelength or larger act similarly to dipole antennas. However loops small in comparison to a wavelength act differently. They interact with the magnetic field of the radio wave instead of the electric field as other antennas do, and so are relatively insensitive to nearby electrical noise. However they have low radiation resistance, and so are inefficient for transmitting. They are used as receiving antennas at low frequencies, and also as direction finding antennas.

Q1: What type of antenna can be formed by a circular segment of wire?
A1: Loop antennas
Q2: What is a loop antenna compared with to determine its beahvior?
A2: circumference of a wavelength
Q3: If you needed to place an antenna somewhere with a large amount of interference, which type would be best?
A3: loops small
Q4: Why would this type be good for receiving but not transmtting?
A4: low radiation resistance
Q5: What else would be an effective application of this antenna type?
A5: direction finding
Title: Great_power
Topic: History

Lord Castlereagh, the British Foreign Secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, in a letter sent on February 13, 1814: "It affords me great satisfaction to acquaint you that there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great powers of Europe, with a determination to support the arrangement agreed upon, and to turn the general influence and if necessary the general arms against the Power that shall first attempt to disturb the Continental peace."

Q1: When did Lord Castlereagh first use the term Great Powers?
A1: in a letter sent on February 13, 1814
Q2: What position did Lord Castlereagh hold?
A2: British Foreign Secretary
Q3: What did Castlereagh determine as the last resort of great power's influence?
A3: if necessary the general arms against the Power that shall first attempt to disturb the Continental peace
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

Losing the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 was a watershed. Japan, a country long regarded by the Chinese as little more than an upstart nation of pirates, annihilated the Qing government's modernized Beiyang Fleet, then deemed to be the strongest naval force in Asia. The Japanese victory occurred a mere three decades after the Meiji Restoration set a feudal Japan on course to emulate the Western nations in their economic and technological achievements. Finally, in December 1894, the Qing government took concrete steps to reform military institutions and to re-train selected units in westernized drills, tactics and weaponry. These units were collectively called the New Army. The most successful of these was the Beiyang Army under the overall supervision and control of a former Huai Army commander, General Yuan Shikai, who used his position to build networks of loyal officers and eventually become President of the Republic of China.

Q1: Who beat the Chinese in the First Sino-Japanese War?
A1: Japan
Q2: Which fleet did the Japanese destroy?
A2: Beiyang Fleet
Q3: When did the Qing decide to modernize their military?
A3: 1894
Q4: What was the new modern army called?
A4: the New Army
Q5: Who became the President of the Republic of China?
A5: General Yuan Shikai
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Lossless audio compression produces a representation of digital data that decompress to an exact digital duplicate of the original audio stream, unlike playback from lossy compression techniques such as Vorbis and MP3. Compression ratios are around 50–60% of original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless data compression. Lossless compression is unable to attain high compression ratios due to the complexity of waveforms and the rapid changes in sound forms. Codecs like FLAC, Shorten and TTA use linear prediction to estimate the spectrum of the signal. Many of these algorithms use convolution with the filter [-1 1] to slightly whiten or flatten the spectrum, thereby allowing traditional lossless compression to work more efficiently. The process is reversed upon decompression.

Q1: What produces a representation of digital data that decompresses?
A1: Lossless audio compression
Q2: What are around 50-60% of the original size?
A2: Compression ratios
Q3: What compression cannot attain high compression ratios?
A3: Lossless
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Lossless data compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy to represent data without losing any information, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not change over several pixels; instead of coding "red pixel, red pixel, ..." the data may be encoded as "279 red pixels". This is a basic example of run-length encoding; there are many schemes to reduce file size by eliminating redundancy.

Q1: What usually exploits statistical redundancy?
A1: Lossless data compression algorithms
Q2: What represents statistical redundancy?
A2: Lossless compression
Q3: What may have colors that do not change over several pixels?
A3: an image
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to the direct applications (mp3 players or computers), digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the internet, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadcasts. Lossy compression typically achieves far greater compression than lossless compression (data of 5 percent to 20 percent of the original stream, rather than 50 percent to 60 percent), by discarding less-critical data.

Q1: What compression is used in a lot of applications?
A1: Lossy
Q2: What is used in most video DVDs?
A2: digitally compressed audio streams
Q3: What compression usually achieves far greater compression then lossless? 
A3: Lossy
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the human eye is more sensitive to subtle variations in luminance than it is to the variations in color. JPEG image compression works in part by rounding off nonessential bits of information. There is a corresponding trade-off between preserving information and reducing size. A number of popular compression formats exploit these perceptual differences, including those used in music files, images, and video.

Q1: What type of data compression is the converse of lossless date data compression?
A1: Lossy
Q2: What can save storage space?
A2: Dropping nonessential detail from the data source
Q3: What helps by eliminating off nonessential bits of information?
A3: JPEG image compression
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim described von Neumann as the "fastest mind I ever met", and Jacob Bronowski wrote "He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius." George Pólya, whose lectures at ETH Zürich von Neumann attended as a student, said "Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of. If in the course of a lecture I stated an unsolved problem, the chances were he'd come to me at the end of the lecture with the complete solution scribbled on a slip of paper." Halmos recounts a story told by Nicholas Metropolis, concerning the speed of von Neumann's calculations, when somebody asked von Neumann to solve the famous fly puzzle:

Q1: How did Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim describe von Neumann? 
A1: "fastest mind I ever met",
Q2: What did Jacob Bronowski think of von Neumann?
A2: He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius.
Q3: What did Lecturer Polya think about von Nuemann?
A3: Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of.
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To show that the city was safe against attack, he had the city walls demolished, replacing them with Grands Boulevards. To leave monuments to his reign, he built the Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.

Q1: In what year did Louis XIV move his court to Versailles?
A1: 1682
Q2: What monuments did Louis XIV have constructed?
A2: Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.
Q3: What was the reason behind demolishing the city walls?
A3: To show that the city was safe against attack
Q4: In what city was the French Academy of Science founded
A4: Paris
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised, and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished. A succession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 (coup d'état du 18 brumaire), when Napoléon Bonaparte seized power as First Consul.

Q1: Where did Louis XVI and his family live?
A1: Tuileries Palace
Q2: When did Napoleon Bonaparte gain power as the First Consul?
A2: 9 November 1799
Q3: Approximately how many people were executed during the Reign of Terror?
A3: 16,000
Title: Edmund_Burke
Topic: History

Louis XVI translated the Reflections "from end to end" into French. Fellow Whig MPs Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox, disagreed with Burke and split with him. Fox thought the Reflections to be "in very bad taste" and "favouring Tory principles". Other Whigs such as the Duke of Portland and Earl Fitzwilliam privately agreed with Burke, but did not wish for a public breach with their Whig colleagues. Burke wrote on 29 November 1790: "I have received from the Duke of Portland, Lord Fitzwilliam, the Duke of Devonshire, Lord John Cavendish, Montagu (Frederick Montagu MP), and a long et cetera of the old Stamina of the Whiggs a most full approbation of the principles of that work and a kind indulgence to the execution". The Duke of Portland said in 1791 that when anyone criticised the Reflections to him, he informed them that he had recommended the book to his sons as containing the true Whig creed.

Q1: Who re-translated the Reflections into French?
A1: Louis XVI
Q2: Which British ministers disagreed with Burke's Reflections?
A2: Richard Sheridan and Charles James Fox
Q3: What political party was Charles James Fox?
A3: Whig
Q4: What political party was Earl Fitzwilliam?
A4: Whigs
Q5: What political party was Richard Sheridan?
A5: Whig