LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this application is that it can organize photos into groups according to various criteria. Notable categorizations are colors, ages, or facial expressions of the people in the photos. Slideshows can be viewed with the application, along with music and playlists. The software was updated with the release of system software version 3.40 allowing users to upload and browse photos on Facebook and Picasa.

Q1: What application lets PS3 users view and organize photographs?
A1: Photo Gallery
Q2: What version of PS3 contained Photo Gallery?
A2: 2.60
Q3: After version 3.4, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site?
A3: Facebook
Q4: Is Photo Gallery automatically or separately installed?
A4: separately
Q5: Photo Gallery includes the ability to sort by age, color, or what other unusual criteria for photo software?
A5: facial expressions
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

Photometric studies (also sometimes referred to as "layouts" or "point by points") are often used to simulate lighting designs for projects before they are built or renovated. This enables architects, lighting designers, and engineers to determine whether a proposed lighting setup will deliver the amount of light intended. They will also be able to determine the contrast ratio between light and dark areas. In many cases these studies are referenced against IESNA or CIBSE recommended lighting practices for the type of application. Depending on the type of area, different design aspects may be emphasized for safety or practicality (i.e. such as maintaining uniform light levels, avoiding glare or highlighting certain areas). Specialized software is often used to create these, which typically combine the use of two-dimensional digital CAD drawings and lighting calculation software (i.e. AGi32or Dialux).

Q1: What type of study is used to simulate lighting designs?
A1: Photometric studies
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

Physical exercise, particularly continuous aerobic exercises such as running, cycling and swimming, has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain. Influences on the brain include increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance, maintaining mental abilities in old age, and the prevention and potential cure of neurological diseases.

Q1: Does excersice have any role on cognitive brain function?
A1: has many cognitive benefits and effects on the brain.
Q2: What positive things can happen to your brain when you excersise?
A2: increases in neurotransmitter levels, improved oxygen and nutrient delivery, and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus
Q3: Is a child who excercies likely to perform better in school?
A3: The effects of exercise on memory have important implications for improving children's academic performance
Q4: What type of excercise has shown the best benefit for the brain?
A4: aerobic exercises
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

Physical pain is an important political topic in relation to various issues, including pain management policy, drug control, animal rights or animal welfare, torture, and pain compliance. In various contexts, the deliberate infliction of pain in the form of corporal punishment is used as retribution for an offence, or for the purpose of disciplining or reforming a wrongdoer, or to deter attitudes or behaviour deemed unacceptable. In some cultures, extreme practices such as mortification of the flesh or painful rites of passage are highly regarded.

Q1: What type of topic is physical pain important in relation to many issues?
A1: political
Q2: Corporal punishment is a form of what type of pain?
A2: deliberate infliction
Q3: What is corporal punishment used as retribution for?
A3: an offence
Q4: How does pain inform attitudes deemed unacceptable?
A4: deter
Q5: What kind of practices do some cultures highly regard?
A5: extreme
Title: Clothing
Topic: Natural sciences

Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns and prickles by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Clothes can insulate against cold or hot conditions. Further, they can provide a hygienic barrier, keeping infectious and toxic materials away from the body. Clothing also provides protection from harmful UV radiation.

Q1: What can clothing provide during hazardous activities?
A1: safety
Q2: What type of surfaces can clothing protect from?
A2: rough
Q3: What does clothing keep toxic materials away from?
A3: body
Q4: What can insulate against cold or hot conditions?
A4: Clothes
Q5: What type of radiation can clothing provide some protection from?
A5: UV
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. RAID is used for recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware database accelerators, connected to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, are also used in large volume transaction processing environments. DBMSs are found at the heart of most database applications. DBMSs may be built around a custom multitasking kernel with built-in networking support, but modern DBMSs typically rely on a standard operating system to provide these functions. from databases before the inception of Structured Query Language (SQL). The data recovered was disparate, redundant and disorderly, since there was no proper method to fetch it and arrange it in a concrete structure.[citation needed]

Q1: What is used to recover data if disks suffer a failure?
A1: RAID
Q2: How can large quantities of data be accessed?
A2: Hardware database accelerators
Q3: What do most database applications contain?
A3: DBMSs
Q4: What is required for a modern DBMS to function?
A4: standard operating system
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Physician Valerius Cordus (1515–1544) authored a botanically and pharmacologically important herbal Historia Plantarum in 1544 and a pharmacopoeia of lasting importance, the Dispensatorium in 1546. Naturalist Conrad von Gesner (1516–1565) and herbalist John Gerard (1545–c. 1611) published herbals covering the medicinal uses of plants. Naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605) was considered the father of natural history, which included the study of plants. In 1665, using an early microscope, Polymath Robert Hooke discovered cells, a term he coined, in cork, and a short time later in living plant tissue.

Q1: Who wrote Historia Plantarum in 1544?
A1: Physician Valerius Cordus
Q2: What herbalist wrote about medicinal plants in the 16th century?
A2: John Gerard
Q3: Who is considered the father of natural history?
A3: Ulisse Aldrovandi
Q4: Who coined the term cells?
A4: Robert Hooke
Q5: In what plant were cells first discovered by microscope?
A5: cork
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of responsiveness such as reflexes can be mediated by the spinal cord or peripheral ganglia, but sophisticated purposeful control of behavior based on complex sensory input requires the information integrating capabilities of a centralized brain.

Q1: Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body?
A1: The brain
Q2: What type of responsiveness can be used without a brain?
A2: reflexes
Q3: Reflexes only require one of what two structures in a body?
A3: spinal cord or peripheral ganglia
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism. Some of these compounds are toxins such as the alkaloid coniine from hemlock. Others, such as the essential oils peppermint oil and lemon oil are useful for their aroma, as flavourings and spices (e.g., capsaicin), and in medicine as pharmaceuticals as in opium from opium poppies. Many medicinal and recreational drugs, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (active ingredient in cannabis), caffeine, morphine and nicotine come directly from plants. Others are simple derivatives of botanical natural products. For example, the pain killer aspirin is the acetyl ester of salicylic acid, originally isolated from the bark of willow trees, and a wide range of opiate painkillers like heroin are obtained by chemical modification of morphine obtained from the opium poppy. Popular stimulants come from plants, such as caffeine from coffee, tea and chocolate, and nicotine from tobacco. Most alcoholic beverages come from fermentation of carbohydrate-rich plant products such as barley (beer), rice (sake) and grapes (wine).

Q1: What is the study of the chemicals that plants produce?
A1: Phytochemistry
Q2: Hemlock is what kind of chemical produced from a plant?
A2: toxins
Q3: Where do some medicines and recreational drugs come from?
A3: from plants
Q4: Where did aspirin originally come from?
A4: bark of willow trees
Q5: Where does morphine come from?
A5: the opium poppy
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

Phytogeographically, Greece belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the East Mediterranean province of the Mediterranean Region and the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature and the European Environment Agency, the territory of Greece can be subdivided into six ecoregions: the Illyrian deciduous forests, Pindus Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests, Rhodope montane mixed forests, Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests and Crete Mediterranean forests.

Q1: Greece's plant distribution belongs to what?
A1: the Boreal Kingdom
Q2: How many ecoregions occupies Greece?
A2: six
Q3: The Pindus and Balkan ecoregions are known as what?
A3: mixed forests
Q4: The Crete ecoregion is known as what?
A4: Mediterranean forests
Q5: The Illyrian ecoregion is known as what?
A5: deciduous forests
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Pia Toscano, one of the presumed favorites to advance far in the season, was unexpectedly eliminated on April 7, 2011, finishing in ninth place. Her elimination drew criticisms from some former Idol contestants, as well as actor Tom Hanks.

Q1: What contestant came in ninth on season ten of American Idol?
A1: Pia Toscano
Q2: What actor was upset when Pia Toscano was eliminated on American Idol?
A2: Tom Hanks
Q3: Which fan favorite was unexpectedly eliminated earlier than expected?
A3: Pia Toscano
Q4: Which actor criticized Toscano's elimination?
A4: Tom Hanks
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

Pioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "laser disc player", although the "LaserDisc" logo displayed clearly on the device. In 1981, "LaserDisc" was used exclusively for the medium itself, although the official name was "LaserVision" (as seen at the beginning of many LaserDisc releases just before the start of the film). However, as Pioneer reminded numerous video magazines and stores in 1984, LaserDisc was a trademarked word, standing only for LaserVision products manufactured for sale by Pioneer Video or Pioneer Electronics. A 1984 Ray Charles ad for the LD-700 player bore the term "Pioneer LaserDisc brand videodisc player". From 1981 until the early 1990s, all properly licensed discs carried the LaserVision name and logo, even Pioneer Artists titles.

Q1: Which company joined a 50/50 partnership with MCA in 1977?
A1: Pioneer Electronics
Q2: In what year was the first Universal-Pioneer player released?
A2: 1980
Q3: What was the name of the first Universal-Pioneer player?
A3: the VP-1000
Q4: Which singer did an ad for the LD-700 player in 1984?
A4: Ray Charles
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation was not successful, and discontinued after a few years. Several of the scientists responsible for the early research (Richard Wilkinson, Ray Dakin and John Winslow) founded Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus).

Q1: Who purchased the majority stake and re-marketed the product in 1980?
A1: Pioneer Electronics
Q2: Was Laserdisk officially or unofficially reffered to as "Laser Videodisc"?
A2: unofficially
Q3: Did MCA produce the disc or the players after being bought out?
A3: discs
Q4: Who were the scientists that worked on the early research for Laserdiscs?
A4: Richard Wilkinson, Ray Dakin and John Winslow
Q5: What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found?
A5: Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus)
Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Topic: Geography and places

Pippy Park is an urban park located in the east end of the city; with over 3,400 acres (14 km2) of land, it is one of Canada's largest urban parks. The park contains a range of recreational facilities including two golf courses, Newfoundland and Labrador's largest serviced campground, walking and skiing trails as well as protected habitat for many plants and animals. Pippy Park is also home to the Fluvarium, an environmental education centre which offers a cross section view of Nagle's Hill Brook.

Q1: Where is Pippy Park located in the city?
A1: east end
Q2: About how many acres is Pippy Park?
A2: 3,400
Q3: How many golf courses does Pippy Park have?
A3: two
Q4: What other trail besides walking trails does Pippy Park have?
A4: skiing
Q5: Where is the Fluvarium located?
A5: Pippy Park
Title: Pitch_(music)
Topic: Music

Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent. Frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured. Pitch is each person's subjective perception of a sound, which cannot be directly measured. However, this does not necessarily mean that most people won't agree on which notes are higher and lower.

Q1: What type of sensation is pitch?
A1: auditory
Q2: What is pitch closely related to?
A2: frequency
Q3: Each persons perception of sound is called?
A3: Pitch
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

Pitt now prepared to send troops into Germany; and both Marlborough and Sackville, disgusted by what they perceived as the futility of the "descents", obtained commissions in that army. The elderly General Bligh was appointed to command a new "descent", escorted by Howe. The campaign began propitiously with the Raid on Cherbourg. Covered by naval bombardment, the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg, and destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.

Q1: Who decided to send British troops into Germany?
A1: Pitt now prepared to send troops into Germany;
Q2: Who led the invasion troops?
A2: The elderly General Bligh
Q3: Where did the troops land?
A3: Cherbourg
Q4: Was the landing successful?
A4: the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg,
Q5: How did the British treat Cherbourg?
A5: destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

Pitt's Act was deemed a failure because it quickly became apparent that the boundaries between government control and the company's powers were nebulous and highly subjective. The government felt obliged to respond to humanitarian calls for better treatment of local peoples in British-occupied territories. Edmund Burke, a former East India Company shareholder and diplomat, was moved to address the situation and introduced a new Regulating Bill in 1783. The bill was defeated amid lobbying by company loyalists and accusations of nepotism in the bill's recommendations for the appointment of councillors.

Q1: The name of the Act that was a failure in creating bourdaries for the Crown and the EIC for being subjective?
A1: Pitt's Act
Q2: after the Pitt act the Crown began to focus more on _______ efforts of its people in it territories?
A2: humanitarian
Q3: what was the  name of the person who was once a large  shareholder in EIC and talk to the issues with with the new Regulating bill in 1793?
A3: Edmund Burke
Q4: Was the new Regulating Bill of 1793 passed or defeated?
A4: defeated
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Pius XII asked Archbishop Montini to Rome October 1957, where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate. Previously as Pro-Secretary, he had worked hard to unify a worldwide organization of lay people of 58 nations, representing 42 national organizations. He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951. The second meeting in 1957 gave Montini an opportunity to express the lay apostolate in modern terms: "Apostolate means love. We will love all, but especially those, who need help... We will love our time, our technology, our art, our sports, our world."

Q1: To whom did Montini speak as an archbishop in the year 1957?
A1: Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate
Q2: According to Montini was does the term apostolate mean?
A2: love
Q3: How many nations did Montini hope to unify as Pro-secretary?
A3: 58
Q4: When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers?
A4: 1951
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini formally took possession of his Cathedral of Milan. Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan. He enjoyed meetings with intellectuals, artists and writers.

Q1: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment?
A1: 1954
Q2: In what year did Montini become the archbishop of the Cathedral of Milan?
A2: 1955
Q3: On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan?
A3: 5 January
Q4: To what Italian city was Montini appointed archbishop?
A4: Milan
Q5: Where was Pius XII when he announced Montini's appointment as archbishop?
A5: his sick-bed
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

Planning and Directing is "the determination of intelligence requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies" (JP 2-01, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations). These activities enable the synchronization and integration of collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination activities/resources to meet information requirements of national and military decision makers.

Q1: What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? 
A1: Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations
Q2: What is one of the ways that the Air Force uses Planning and Directing in its operations? 
A2: development of appropriate intelligence architecture
Q3: Who benefits from the process analysis and dissemination of this information? 
A3: national and military decision makers
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

Plans for arena football were put on hold in 1982 as the United States Football League was launched. Foster left the NFL to accept a position in the USFL. He eventually became executive vice-president with the Chicago Blitz, where he returned to his concept of arena football. In 1983, he began organizing the test game in his spare time from his job with the Blitz. By 1985, the USFL had ceased football operations and he began devoting all his time to arena football, and on April 27, 1986, his concept was realized when the test game was played.

Q1: What football league began in 1982?
A1: the United States Football League
Q2: What team in the USFL did Jim Foster work for?
A2: Chicago Blitz
Q3: When did the USFL shut down?
A3: 1985
Q4: On what date was the arena football test game played?
A4: April 27, 1986
Q5: What was Foster's job title with the Chicago Blitz?
A5: executive vice-president
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Plant anatomy is the study of the structure of plant cells and tissues, whereas plant morphology is the study of their external form. All plants are multicellular eukaryotes, their DNA stored in nuclei. The characteristic features of plant cells that distinguish them from those of animals and fungi include a primary cell wall composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin,  larger vacuoles than in animal cells and the presence of plastids with unique photosynthetic and biosynthetic functions as in the chloroplasts. Other plastids contain storage products such as starch (amyloplasts) or lipids (elaioplasts). Uniquely, streptophyte cells and those of the green algal order Trentepohliales divide by construction of a phragmoplast as a template for building a cell plate late in cell division.

Q1: What is the study of the inside of plants?
A1: Plant anatomy
Q2: What is the study of the outside of plants?
A2: plant morphology
Q3: How are plants different from animals?
A3: primary cell wall composed of the polysaccharides cellulose
Q4: Where do plants store their DNA?
A4: in nuclei
Q5: Are the vacuoles of plant cells larger or smaller than animal cells?
A5: larger
Title: Circadian_rhythm
Topic: Natural sciences

Plant circadian rhythms tell the plant what season it is and when to flower for the best chance of attracting pollinators. Behaviors showing rhythms include leaf movement, growth, germination, stomatal/gas exchange, enzyme activity, photosynthetic activity, and fragrance emission, among others. Circadian rhythms occur as a plant entrains to synchronize with the light cycle of its surrounding environment. These rhythms are endogenously generated and self-sustaining and are relatively constant over a range of ambient temperatures. Important features include two interacting transcription-translation feedback loops: proteins containing PAS domains, which facilitate protein-protein interactions; and several photoreceptors that fine-tune the clock to different light conditions. Anticipation of changes in the environment allows appropriate changes in a plant's physiological state, conferring an adaptive advantage. A better understanding of plant circadian rhythms has applications in agriculture, such as helping farmers stagger crop harvests to extend crop availability and securing against massive losses due to weather.

Q1: What is the plant expression of circadian rhythm?
A1: when to flower
Q2: What do plants need to attract to their flowering?
A2: pollinators
Q3:  With what feature of environment do plants need to be in sync?
A3: light cycle
Q4: What does adaptive advantage allow for plants?
A4: Anticipation of changes
Q5: Where can an understanding of circadian rhythms of plants be an advantage?
A5: agriculture
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Plant ecology is the science of the functional relationships between plants and their habitats—the environments where they complete their life cycles. Plant ecologists study the composition of local and regional floras, their biodiversity, genetic diversity and fitness, the adaptation of plants to their environment, and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species. The goals of plant ecology are to understand the causes of their distribution patterns, productivity, environmental impact, evolution, and responses to environmental change.

Q1: What are plant habitats?
A1: environments where they complete their life
Q2: What is the goal of plant ecology?
A2: to understand
Q3: What is the study of plants and the environment in which they live?
A3: Plant ecology
Q4: What do plants do in their environment?
A4: interactions with other species
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Plant physiology encompasses all the internal chemical and physical activities of plants associated with life. Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water form the basis of all plant metabolism. The energy of sunlight, captured by oxygenic photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration, is the basis of almost all life. Photoautotrophs, including all green plants, algae and cyanobacteria gather energy directly from sunlight by photosynthesis. Heterotrophs including all animals, all fungi, all completely parasitic plants, and non-photosynthetic bacteria take in organic molecules produced by photoautotrophs and respire them or use them in the construction of cells and tissues. Respiration is the oxidation of carbon compounds by breaking them down into simpler structures to release the energy they contain, essentially the opposite of photosynthesis.

Q1: What does the plant use for internal processes?
A1: Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water
Q2: Where do plants get their energy?
A2: sunlight
Q3: How do animals use plants?
A3: in the construction of cells and tissues
Q4: Is respiration in animals similar to photosynthesis in plants?
A4: opposite of photosynthesis
Q5: What is the basis of plant physiology?
A5: internal chemical and physical activities
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Plant responses to climate and other environmental changes can inform our understanding of how these changes affect ecosystem function and productivity. For example, plant phenology can be a useful proxy for temperature in historical climatology, and the biological impact of climate change and global warming. Palynology, the analysis of fossil pollen deposits in sediments from thousands or millions of years ago allows the reconstruction of past climates. Estimates of atmospheric CO2 concentrations since the Palaeozoic have been obtained from stomatal densities and the leaf shapes and sizes of ancient land plants. Ozone depletion can expose plants to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation-B (UV-B), resulting in lower growth rates. Moreover, information from studies of community ecology, plant systematics, and taxonomy is essential to understanding vegetation change, habitat destruction and species extinction.

Q1: How can historical changes in the environment be detected?
A1: plant phenology
Q2: How can climate changes be determined from soil?
A2: fossil pollen deposits in sediments
Q3: What atmospheric gas can be determined from fossilized leaf sizes and shapes?
A3: CO2
Q4: What causes lower growth in plants?
A4: Ozone depletion
Q5: What does ozone depletion allow?
A5: higher levels of ultraviolet radiation-B
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Plants and various other groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes collectively known as "algae" have unique organelles known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are thought to be descended from cyanobacteria that formed endosymbiotic relationships with ancient plant and algal ancestors. Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain the blue-green pigment chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a (as well as its plant and green algal-specific cousin chlorophyll b)[a] absorbs light in the blue-violet and orange/red parts of the spectrum while reflecting and transmitting the green light that we see as the characteristic colour of these organisms. The energy in the red and blue light that these pigments absorb is used by chloroplasts to make energy-rich carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that generates molecular oxygen (O2) as a by-product.

Q1: what parts of algae are unique to them?
A1: chloroplasts
Q2: From what ancient oxygen producing plant are chloroplasts descended?
A2: cyanobacteria
Q3: What color is chlorophyll?
A3: blue-green
Q4: What organelles are unique to algae?
A4: chloroplasts
Q5: From what ancient source are chloroplasts descended?
A5: cyanobacteria
Q6: What color does a plant with chlorophyll appear to be?
A6: green
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Plants depend on certain edaphic (soil) and climatic factors in their environment but can modify these factors too. For example, they can change their environment's albedo, increase runoff interception, stabilize mineral soils and develop their organic content, and affect local temperature. Plants compete with other organisms in their ecosystem for resources. They interact with their neighbours at a variety of spatial scales in groups, populations and communities that collectively constitute vegetation. Regions with characteristic vegetation types and dominant plants as well as similar abiotic and biotic factors, climate, and geography make up biomes like tundra or tropical rainforest.

Q1: On what do plants depend in their environment?
A1: edaphic (soil) and climatic factors
Q2: How do plants interact with other species in their environment?
A2: for resources
Q3: What is the collection of plants in the environment called?
A3: vegetation
Q4: What are groupings of similar plants?
A4: biomes
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Plants synthesize a number of unique polymers like the polysaccharide molecules cellulose, pectin and xyloglucan from which the land plant cell wall is constructed. Vascular land plants make lignin, a polymer used to strengthen the secondary cell walls of xylem tracheids and vessels to keep them from collapsing when a plant sucks water through them under water stress. Lignin is also used in other cell types like sclerenchyma fibers that provide structural support for a plant and is a major constituent of wood. Sporopollenin is a chemically resistant polymer found in the outer cell walls of spores and pollen of land plants responsible for the survival of early land plant spores and the pollen of seed plants in the fossil record. It is widely regarded as a marker for the start of land plant evolution during the Ordovician period. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today is much lower than it was when plants emerged onto land during the Ordovician and Silurian periods. Many monocots like maize and the pineapple and some dicots like the Asteraceae have since independently evolved pathways like Crassulacean acid metabolism and the C4 carbon fixation pathway for photosynthesis which avoid the losses resulting from photorespiration in the more common C3 carbon fixation pathway. These biochemical strategies are unique to land plants.

Q1: What polymer is used to strengthen cell walls?
A1: lignin
Q2: What weakens cell walls?
A2: water stress
Q3: What gas is in lower concentration now due to plants?
A3: carbon dioxide
Q4: What polymer is found in spores and pollen?
A4: Sporopollenin
Q5: What polymer is a major part of wood?
A5: Lignin
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Plants uptake essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air (consisting of mainly nitrogen and oxygen) through their leaves. Green plants obtain their carbohydrate supply from the carbon dioxide in the air by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients are absorbed from the soil. Nutrient uptake in the soil is achieved by cation exchange, wherein root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root. In the leaves, stomata open to take in carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. The carbon dioxide molecules are used as the carbon source in photosynthesis.

Q1: How do plants absorb essential elements that are present in the soil?
A1: through their roots
Q2: Having leaves allows plants to absorb nutrients through which medium?
A2: air
Q3: What is the process that plants undergo in order to obtain carbohydrates?
A3: photosynthesis
Q4: What is the process called in which plants gather nutrients from the soil around their roots?
A4: cation exchange
Q5: What part of the leaf in a plant takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen?
A5: stomata
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Plato describes the priestesses of Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women, obsessed by "mania" (μανία, "frenzy"), a Greek word he connected with mantis (μάντις, "prophet"). Frenzied women like Sibyls from whose lips the god speaks are recorded in the Near East as Mari in the second millennium BC. Although Crete had contacts with Mari from 2000 BC, there is no evidence that the ecstatic prophetic art existed during the Minoan and Mycenean ages. It is more probable that this art was introduced later from Anatolia and regenerated an existing oracular cult that was local to Delphi and dormant in several areas of Greece.

Q1: Who describes Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women?
A1: Plato
Q2: What two women were said to be obsessed by "mania?"
A2: Delphi and Dodona
Q3: What Greek word is connected with mantis?
A3: mania
Title: Idealism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Plato's theory of forms or "ideas" describes ideal forms (for example the platonic solids in geometry or abstracts like Goodness and Justice), as universals existing independently of any particular instance. Arne Grøn calls this doctrine "the classic example of a metaphysical idealism as a transcendent idealism", while Simone Klein calls Plato "the earliest representative of metaphysical objective idealism". Nevertheless, Plato holds that matter is real, though transitory and imperfect, and is perceived by our body and its senses and given existence by the eternal ideas that are perceived directly by our rational soul. Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense, although quantum physics' assertion that man's consciousness is an immutable and primary requisite for not merely perceiving but shaping matter, and thus his reality, would give more credence to Plato's dualist position.[citation needed]

Q1: What was another term for forms in Plato's theory of forms?
A1: ideas
Q2: Who regarded Plato as the oldest exponent of metaphysical objective idealism?
A2: Simone Klein
Q3: What sort of dualist is Plato regarded as?
A3: metaphysical and epistemological
Q4: What branch of physics might support a worldview similar to Platonic dualism?
A4: quantum
Title: Canadian_football
Topic: Sports and recreation

Play stops when the ball carrier's knee, elbow, or any other body part aside from the feet and hands, is forced to the ground (a tackle); when a forward pass is not caught on the fly (during a scrimmage); when a touchdown (see below) or a field goal is scored; when the ball leaves the playing area by any means (being carried, thrown, or fumbled out of bounds); or when the ball carrier is in a standing position but can no longer move forwards (called forward progress). If no score has been made, the next play starts from scrimmage.

Q1: What is the term for play stopped because the ball carrier, although not fully tackled, can no longer advance the ball?
A1: forward progress
Q2: Where does the next play start unless a team has just scored?
A2: scrimmage
Q3: Which parts of the ball carrier's body do not cause play to stop when they touch the ground?
A3: feet and hands
Q4: Which direction of pass causes play to stop when it is not caught?
A4: forward
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

PlayStation 3 console protects certain types of data and uses digital rights management to limit the data's use. Purchased games and content from the PlayStation Network store are governed by PlayStation's Network Digital Rights Management (NDRM). The NDRM allows users to access the data from up to 2 different PlayStation 3's that have been activated using a user's PlayStation Network ID. PlayStation 3 also limits the transfer of copy protected videos downloaded from its store to other machines and states that copy protected video "may not restore correctly" following certain actions after making a backup such as downloading a new copy protected movie.

Q1: What does the abbreviation "NDRM" represent?
A1: Network Digital Rights Management
Q2: How many different PS3s can one user access?
A2: 2
Q3: What identifier allows a player to activate a PlayStation 3?
A3: PlayStation Network ID
Q4: PlayStation has safeguards in place to prevent illegal use of what type of movies or video?
A4: copy protected
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

PlayStation 3 launched in North America with 14 titles, with another three being released before the end of 2006. After the first week of sales it was confirmed that Resistance: Fall of Man from Insomniac Games was the top-selling launch game in North America. The game was heavily praised by numerous video game websites, including GameSpot and IGN, both of whom awarded it their PlayStation 3 Game of the Year award for 2006. Some titles missed the launch window and were delayed until early 2007, such as The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, F.E.A.R. and Sonic the Hedgehog. During the Japanese launch, Ridge Racer 7 was the top-selling game, while Mobile Suit Gundam: Crossfire also fared well in sales, both of which were offerings from Namco Bandai Games. PlayStation 3 launched in Europe with 24 titles, including ones that were not offered in North American and Japanese launches, such as Formula One Championship Edition, MotorStorm and Virtua Fighter 5. Resistance: Fall of Man and MotorStorm were the most successful titles of 2007, and both games subsequently received sequels in the form of Resistance 2 and MotorStorm: Pacific Rift.

Q1: How many games could you buy to go with your PS3 when it launched in North America?
A1: 14
Q2: What game won GameSpot's Game of the Year title for 2006?
A2: Resistance: Fall of Man
Q3: What company developed the game Ridge Racer 7?
A3: Namco Bandai Games
Q4: What's the name of the sequel game to MotorStorm?
A4: MotorStorm: Pacific Rift
Q5: How many titles did the PS3 launch with in Europe?
A5: 24
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

PlayStation 3 uses the Cell microprocessor, designed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM, as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based "Power Processing Element" (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to developers as the seventh SPE is reserved by the console's operating system. Graphics processing is handled by the NVIDIA RSX 'Reality Synthesizer', which can produce resolutions from 480i/576i SD up to 1080p HD. PlayStation 3 has 256 MB of XDR DRAM main memory and 256 MB of GDDR3 video memory for the RSX.

Q1: What type of microprocessor is in a PS3?
A1: Cell
Q2: What does PPE stand for?
A2: Power Processing Element
Q3: How many Synergistic Processing Elements are in a PS3's CPU?
A3: eight
Q4: How much XDR DRAM is on board a PS3?
A4: 256 MB
Q5: What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3?
A5: Graphics processing
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

PlayStation 3's initial production cost is estimated by iSuppli to have been US$805.85 for the 20 GB model and US$840.35 for the 60 GB model. However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates were correct, and thus may have contributed to Sony's games division posting an operating loss of ¥232.3 billion (US$1.97 billion) in the fiscal year ending March 2007. In April 2007, soon after these results were published, Ken Kutaragi, President of Sony Computer Entertainment, announced plans to retire. Various news agencies, including The Times and The Wall Street Journal reported that this was due to poor sales, while SCEI maintains that Kutaragi had been planning his retirement for six months prior to the announcement.

Q1: How much did it cost to make one 20 GB PS3?
A1: US$805.85
Q2: In contrast to the production cost, what was the retail price for a 20 GB PlayStation 3?
A2: US$499
Q3: Assuming iSuppli got the numbers right, how much of a loss did Sony take for every 20 GB PS3 sold in the U.S.?
A3: $306
Q4: What was the name of Sony's President who announced his retirement amid rumors in April 2007?
A4: Ken Kutaragi
Q5: In U.S. dollars, how much was the enormous loss Sony reported the month before Kutaragi's retirement announcement?
A5: US$1.97 billion
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

PlayStation Home is a virtual 3D social networking service for the PlayStation Network. Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be groomed realistically. Users can edit and decorate their personal apartments, avatars or club houses with free, premium or won content. Users can shop for new items or win prizes from PS3 games, or Home activities. Users interact and connect with friends and customise content in a virtual world. Home also acts as a meeting place for users that want to play multiplayer games with others.

Q1: What does Sony call their social network?
A1: PlayStation Home
Q2: What is the customizable representation of a user in PS Home called?
A2: avatar
Q3: Home has free, won, and what third type of content?
A3: premium
Q4: Users employ the content to decorate club houses, their avatars, or what virtual dwelling space?
A4: apartments
Q5: What type of games can users find participants for in Home?
A5: multiplayer
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

PlayStation Network is the unified online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service provided by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, announced during the 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing meeting in Tokyo. The service is always connected, free, and includes multiplayer support. The network enables online gaming, the PlayStation Store, PlayStation Home and other services. PlayStation Network uses real currency and PlayStation Network Cards as seen with the PlayStation Store and PlayStation Home.

Q1: In what city did Sony hold their 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing?
A1: Tokyo
Q2: Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for purchases?
A2: real
Q3: Along with being free and providing constant connectivity, what other feature does PS Network offer users?
A3: multiplayer support
Q4: PlayStation Network is only available for PS3 and what other device?
A4: PlayStation Portable
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

PlayStation Plus (commonly abbreviated PS+ and occasionally referred to as PSN Plus) is a premium PlayStation Network subscription service that was officially unveiled at E3 2010 by Jack Tretton, President and CEO of SCEA. Rumors of such service had been in speculation since Kaz Hirai's announcement at TGS 2009 of a possible paid service for PSN but with the current PSN service still available. Launched alongside PS3 firmware 3.40 and PSP firmware 6.30 on June 29, 2010, the paid-for subscription service provides users with enhanced services on the PlayStation Network, on top of the current PSN service which is still available with all of its features. These enhancements include the ability to have demos, game and system software updates download automatically to PlayStation 3. Subscribers also get early or exclusive access to some betas, game demos, premium downloadable content and other PlayStation Store items. North American users also get a free subscription to Qore. Users may choose to purchase either a one-year or a three-month subscription to PlayStation Plus.

Q1: What's the name of Sony's exclusive PlayStation Network subscription service?
A1: PlayStation Plus
Q2: How is PlayStation Plus often abbreviated?
A2: PS+
Q3: Who was the President and CEO of SCEA in the year 2010?
A3: Jack Tretton
Q4: On what date did the PlayStation Plus service officially launch?
A4: June 29, 2010
Q5: Duration options for subscription to PS+ are either three months or what period of time?
A5: one-year
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

PlayStation Portable can connect with PlayStation 3 in many ways, including in-game connectivity. For example, Formula One Championship Edition, a racing game, was shown at E3 2006 using a PSP as a real-time rear-view mirror. In addition, users are able to download original PlayStation format games from the PlayStation Store, transfer and play them on PSP as well as PS3 itself. It is also possible to use the Remote Play feature to play these and some PlayStation Network games, remotely on PSP over a network or internet connection.

Q1: What PS3 game can integrate a PlayStation Portable to use as a rear-view mirror?
A1: Formula One Championship Edition
Q2: What kind of game is Formula One Championship Edition?
A2: racing
Q3: If users want to download original PlayStation games, where do they go online?
A3: PlayStation Store
Q4: Games in plain PlayStation format can be played both on the PS3 console and what other device?
A4: PSP
Q5: What's the name of the feature that would let you play a game on your PSP without having it with you?
A5: Remote Play
Title: Premier_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.

Q1: When can a player be transferred?
A1: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association.
Q2: When are the transfer windows?
A2: The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January.
Q3: Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows?
A3: Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.
Q4: What new rule was put into practice during the 2010-11 season?
A4: As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21,
Q5: Why was this new rule put into effect?
A5: This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted,
Q6: During which time can a player be transferred from one European football league to another?
A6: transfer windows
Q7: How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association?
A7: two
Q8: On which basis are transfers outside of transfer windows licenced?
A8: emergency
Q9: What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team?
A9: 25
Q10: How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland?
A10: 8