LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (475–518), a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang. The period of division ended when the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town.

Q1: What has survived in Nanjing's suburbs?
A1: A number of sculptural ensembles
Q2: In what district are these sculptural pieces located?
A2: Qixia and Jiangning District
Q3: Which piece is the best, in terms of preservation condition?
A3: the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu
Q4: Who was Xiao Xiu?
A4: a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang
Q5: When did Xiao Xiu live?
A5: 475–518
Title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

A number of special controllers designed for use with specific games were released for the system, though very few such devices proved particularly popular. Such devices included, but were not limited to, the Zapper (a light gun), the R.O.B., and the Power Pad. The original Famicom featured a deepened DA-15 expansion port on the front of the unit, which was used to connect most auxiliary devices. On the NES, these special controllers were generally connected to one of the two control ports on the front of the console.

Q1: What was the light gun controller called?
A1: Zapper
Q2: What was the name of the auxiliary port used to connect additional devices on the Famicom?
A2: DA-15
Q3: How were the special controllers connected to the NES?
A3: control ports on the front
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

A number of species of moths live in the Alps, some of which are believed to have evolved in the same habitat up to 120 million years ago, long before the Alps were created. Blue moths can commonly be seen drinking from the snow melt; some species of blue moths fly as high as 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The butterflies tend to be large, such as those from the swallowtail Parnassius family, with a habitat that ranges to 1,800 m (5,906 ft). Twelve species of beetles have habitats up to the snow line; the most beautiful and formerly collected for its colours but now protected is the Rosalia alpina. Spiders, such as the large wolf spider, live above the snow line and can be seen as high as 400 m (1,312 ft). Scorpions can be found in the Italian Alps.

Q1: How long have some species of moths believed to have evolved from the same habitat?
A1: 120 million years
Q2: What can be commonly seen drinking from the snow melt?
A2: Blue moths
Q3: The swallowtail Parnassius family of butterfly habitat ranges up to how much?
A3: 1,800 m (5,906 ft)
Q4: What species of beetles are were collected for their colors before being protected?
A4: Rosalia alpina
Title: Infection
Topic: Natural sciences

A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.

Q1: What have a number of studies found a correlation between?
A1: pathogen load in an area and human behavior
Q2: What is higher pathogen load associated with?
A2: decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area
Q3: What does avoidance of other groups reduce?
A3: pathogen transmission
Q4: What does more restricted sexual behavior result in?
A4: Higher pathogen load
Q5: What may poor socioeconomic factors ultimately in part be due to?
A5: high pathogen load preventing economic development.
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

A number of technologies allow asphalt/bitumen to be mixed at much lower temperatures. These involve mixing with petroleum solvents to form "cutbacks" with reduced melting point, or mixtures with water to turn the asphalt/bitumen into an emulsion. Asphalt emulsions contain up to 70% asphalt/bitumen and typically less than 1.5% chemical additives. There are two main types of emulsions with different affinity for aggregates, cationic and anionic. Asphalt emulsions are used in a wide variety of applications. Chipseal involves spraying the road surface with asphalt emulsion followed by a layer of crushed rock, gravel or crushed slag. Slurry seal involves the creation of a mixture of asphalt emulsion and fine crushed aggregate that is spread on the surface of a road. Cold-mixed asphalt can also be made from asphalt emulsion to create pavements similar to hot-mixed asphalt, several inches in depth and asphalt emulsions are also blended into recycled hot-mix asphalt to create low-cost pavements.

Q1: What does mixing bitumen with water create?
A1: emulsion
Q2: What percentage of bitumen is found in bitumen/water emulsions?
A2: 70%
Q3: What are the two types of bitumen emulsions?
A3: cationic and anionic
Q4: What are some bitumen emulsions blended with to make a low-cost product?
A4: recycled
Q5: What kind of asphalt pavements an cold-mix asphalt resemble?
A5: hot-mixed
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise Services are located at the Renaissance Center. PricewaterhouseCoopers Plaza offices are adjacent to Ford Field, and Ernst & Young completed its office building at One Kennedy Square in 2006. Perhaps most prominently, in 2010, Quicken Loans, one of the largest mortgage lenders, relocated its world headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown Detroit, consolidating its suburban offices. In July 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office opened its Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office in the Rivertown/Warehouse District as its first location outside Washington, D.C.'s metropolitan area.

Q1: What Tech company is based in Detroit?
A1: Compuware
Q2: What insurance company is located in downtown Detroit?
A2: Blue Cross Blue Shield
Q3: Which company moved it's world headquarters to Detroit in 2010?
A3: Quicken Loans
Q4: What is the name Of the U.S. Patent office in Detroit?
A4: Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office
Title: Avicenna
Topic: Language and literature

A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi. However, the 14th cenutry Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, maintained that he was most likely a Twelver Shia. Conversely, Sharaf Khorasani, citing a rejection of an invitation of the Sunni Governor Sultan Mahmoud Ghazanavi by Avicenna to his court, believes that Avicenna was an Ismaili. Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, some more recent writers contested that they were Shia.

Q1: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of?
A1: the Brethren of Purity
Q2: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower?
A2: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī
Q3: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a member of?
A3: Sunni
Q4: Who thought Avicenna was a Shia?
A4: Nurullah Shushtari
Q5: What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni?
A5: Jules J. Janssens
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

A number of universities in London are outside the University of London system, including Brunel University, City University London, Imperial College London, Kingston University, London Metropolitan University, Middlesex University, University of East London, University of West London and University of Westminster, (with over 34,000 students, the largest unitary university in London), London South Bank University, Middlesex University, University of the Arts London (the largest university of art, design, fashion, communication and the performing arts in Europe), University of East London, the University of West London and the University of Westminster. In addition there are three international universities in London – Regent's University London, Richmond, The American International University in London and Schiller International University.

Q1: What is the student population of University of Westminster?
A1: 34,000
Q2: How many international universities operate in London?
A2: three
Q3: In what suburb is the American International University in London located?
A3: Richmond
Q4: What is Europe's largest university for degrees in communication and performing arts?
A4: University of the Arts London
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3

Q1: Who was the leader of the group attacked by the people of the Marshall Islands in 1834?
A1: Captain DonSette
Q2: What vessel was attacked in 1845?
A2: Naiad
Q3: What ships were attacked in 1852?
A3: Glencoe and Sea Nymph
Q4: In what year did missionaries arrive to live in the Marshall Islands?
A4: 1857
Q5: On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands?
A5: Ebon
Q6: Who was the captain of the crew killed in 1834?
A6: Captain DonSette
Q7: In what year was the ship Naiad attacked by natives?
A7: 1845
Q8: What type of ship was the Naiad?
A8: schooner
Q9: Out of what city was the Sea Nymph sailing?
A9: San Francisco
Q10: Where did missionaries live as of 1857?
A10: Ebon
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times.

Q1: In terms of teaching and research, what is the world's foremost institute of social science?
A1: London School of Economics
Q2: Where is University College London, or UCL, ranked among the world's best colleges and universities?
A2: 5th
Q3: The Financial Times rated what school's MBA program 2nd-best in the world in 2015?
A3: The London Business School
Q4: What school in London shares the rank of 2nd best in the world with the famous University of Cambridge in the 2014-2015 World University Rankings?
A4: Imperial College London
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

A number of writing systems have been used over the years for transcribing the language. Of these, the Somali alphabet is the most widely used, and has been the official writing script in Somalia since the government of former President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre formally introduced it in October 1972. The script was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for the Somali language, and uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except p, v and z. Besides Ahmed's Latin script, other orthographies that have been used for centuries for writing Somali include the long-established Arabic script and Wadaad's writing. Indigenous writing systems developed in the twentieth century include the Osmanya, Borama and Kaddare scripts, which were invented by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur and Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare, respectively.

Q1: What is the most frequently used writing script for the Somali language?
A1: the Somali alphabet
Q2: Who introduced the Somali alphabet?
A2: Mohamed Siad Barre
Q3: In what month and year was the Somali alphabet introduced?
A3: October 1972
Q4: Who created the Somali alphabet?
A4: Shire Jama Ahmed
Q5: Who invented the Osmanya script?
A5: Osman Yusuf Kenadid
Title: Political_philosophy
Topic: History

A pair of overlapping political perspectives arising toward the end of the 20th century are republicanism (or neo- or civic-republicanism) and the capability approach. The resurgent republican movement aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty, namely "liberty as non-domination." Unlike liberals who understand liberty as "non-interference," "non-domination" entails individuals not being subject to the arbitrary will of anyother person. To a liberal, a slave who is not interfered with may be free, yet to a republican the mere status as a slave, regardless of how that slave is treated, is objectionable. Prominent republicans include historian Quentin Skinner, jurist Cass Sunstein, and political philosopher Philip Pettit. The capability approach, pioneered by economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen and further developed by legal scholar Martha Nussbaum, understands freedom under allied lines: the real-world ability to act. Both the capability approach and republicanism treat choice as something which must be resourced. In other words, it is not enough to be legally able to do something, but to have the real option of doing it.

Q1: When did republicanism and the capability approach arise?
A1: the end of the 20th century
Q2: What aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty?
A2: The resurgent republican movement
Q3: Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen pioneered what approach?
A3: The capability approach
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasites may be necrotrophic, which is to say they kill their host, or biotrophic, meaning they rely on their host's surviving. Biotrophic parasitism is an extremely successful mode of life. Depending on the definition used, as many as half of all animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles, and it is also frequent in plants and fungi. Moreover, almost all free-living animals are host to one or more parasite taxa. An example of a biotrophic relationship would be a tick feeding on the blood of its host.

Q1: Antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis are alternate names for what?
A1: A parasitic relationship
Q2: What is it called when organisms are lethal to their host?
A2: necrotrophic
Q3: What is it called when parasites need their host to live?
A3: biotrophic
Q4: What proportion of animals go through a parasitic stage?
A4: as many as half
Q5: Name a biotrophic organism.
A5: a tick
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by "Kashyapa" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eyes. He names the Vedic rishis, and declared that the original Veda of the rishis[note 25] was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced animal sacrifices. The Buddha says that it was on this alteration of the true Veda that he refused to pay respect to the Vedas of his time. However, he did not denounce the union with Brahman,[note 26] or the idea of the self uniting with the Self. At the same time, the traditional Hindu itself gradually underwent profound changes, transforming it into what is recognized as early Hinduism.

Q1: A criticism the Buddha gave dealing with animals was?
A1: Vedic animal sacrifice
Q2: The Buddha mocked what hymn of the Vedic?
A2: hymn of the cosmic man
Q3: The original Veda of the rishis was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced what?
A3: animal sacrifices
Q4: The Buddha refused to pay respect to who, during their time of animal sacrifice?
A4: Vedas
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

A party may claim that a treaty should be terminated, even absent an express provision, if there has been a fundamental change in circumstances. Such a change is sufficient if unforeseen, if it undermined the “essential basis” of consent by a party, if it radically transforms the extent of obligations between the parties, and if the obligations are still to be performed. A party cannot base this claim on change brought about by its own breach of the treaty. This claim also cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew political boundaries.[citation needed]

Q1: What might result in a party to a treaty claiming a treaty should be terminated even absent an express provision for its termination?
A1: a fundamental change in circumstances
Q2: A party cannot base its claim of a fundamental change in circumstances if the change was brought about by what?
A2: its own breach of the treaty
Q3: The claim of a fundamental change in circumstances cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew what?
A3: political boundaries
Q4: The radical transformation of what aspect of the obligations between the parties is a necessary condition for a claim of a fundamental change in circumstances to terminate a treaty?
A4: the extent of obligations
Q5: In order to be considered a fundamental change, a change in circumstances must have been what at the time of the adoption of the treaty?
A5: unforeseen
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under that state's domestic law. States are reluctant to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states, and so a "manifest violation" is required such that it would be "objectively evident to any State dealing with the matter". A strong presumption exists internationally that a head of state has acted within his proper authority. It seems that no treaty has ever actually been invalidated on this provision.[citation needed]

Q1: A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under what?
A1: that state's domestic law
Q2: For what does a strong presumption exist internationally that a head of state has acted within in entering into a treaty?
A2: his proper authority
Q3: What is required to invalidate a party's consent due to a reluctance to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states?
A3: a "manifest violation"
Q4: A manifest violation is required to invalidate a party's consent to a treaty due to a reluctance internationally to inquire into what aspects of other states?
A4: the internal affairs and processes
Q5: What might a party's consent to a treaty be considered if it has been given by an agent without the power under the state's domestic law to do so?
A5: invalid
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party. He is instrumental in devising and implementing his party's strategy on the floor with respect to promoting or opposing legislation. He is kept constantly informed as to the status of legislative business and as to the sentiment of his party respecting particular legislation under consideration. Such information is derived in part from the floor leader's contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization.

Q1: Who plays an influential role in the formation of party policy?
A1: A party's floor leader
Q2: In what role are the floor leader's instrumental for legislation?
A2: guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party
Q3: How are floor leaders kept informed of legislative status?
A3: contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization
Title: Intellectual_property
Topic: History

A patent is a form of right granted by the government to an inventor, giving the owner the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, and importing an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a process and generally has to fulfil three main requirements: it has to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial applicability.:17

Q1: Who grants a patent?
A1: the government
Q2: Who is a patent granted to?
A2: an inventor
Q3: How many requirements does an invention need to fulfill for a patent?
A3: three
Q4: An invention is a solution to what type of problem?
A4: technological
Q5: What is a patent offered in exchange for?
A5: public disclosure of the invention
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

A pater familias was the senior priest of his household. He offered daily cult to his lares and penates, and to his di parentes/divi parentes at his domestic shrines and in the fires of the household hearth. His wife (mater familias) was responsible for the household's cult to Vesta. In rural estates, bailiffs seem to have been responsible for at least some of the household shrines (lararia) and their deities. Household cults had state counterparts. In Vergil's Aeneid, Aeneas brought the Trojan cult of the lares and penates from Troy, along with the Palladium which was later installed in the temple of Vesta.

Q1: Who was the senior priest of the household in Rome?
A1: pater familias
Q2: Which individual in the household was responsible for the Vesta cult?
A2: wife
Q3: Which ancient hero brought the lares cult to Rome?
A3: Aeneas
Q4: From what city did Aeneas bring the lares cult?
A4: Troy
Q5: What was put in the temple of Vesta?
A5: Palladium
Title: Florida
Topic: Geography and places

A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.

Q1: What is the longest Contiguous Coastline in the US 
A1: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles
Q2: What level is most of the land in florida 
A2: Much of the state is at or near sea level
Q3: What is the florida climate 
A3: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south
Q4: Some animals and reptiles native to Florida 
A4: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee
Q5: Name a National Park in Florida 
A5: Everglades National Park
Title: Labour_Party_(UK)
Topic: Geography and places

A perceived turning point was when Blair controversially allied himself with US President George W. Bush in supporting the Iraq War, which caused him to lose much of his political support. The UN Secretary-General, among many, considered the war illegal. The Iraq War was deeply unpopular in most western countries, with Western governments divided in their support and under pressure from worldwide popular protests. The decisions that led up to the Iraq war and its subsequent conduct are currently the subject of Sir John Chilcot's Iraq Inquiry.

Q1: Who did Tony Blair side with?
A1: President George W. Bush
Q2: Why did Blair side with Bush?
A2: the Iraq War
Q3: Who has an active Iraq War inquiry?
A3: Sir John Chilcot
Q4: Was the idea of the Iraq War popular or unpopular in Western countries?
A4: deeply unpopular
Title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia
Topic: History

A period of division for the Liberals followed, with former Treasurer John Howard competing with former Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock for supremacy. The Australian economy was facing the early 1990s recession. Unemployment reached 11.4% in 1992. Under Dr John Hewson, in November 1991, the opposition launched the 650-page Fightback! policy document − a radical collection of "dry", economic liberal measures including the introduction of a Goods and Services Tax (GST), various changes to Medicare including the abolition of bulk billing for non-concession holders, the introduction of a nine-month limit on unemployment benefits, various changes to industrial relations including the abolition of awards, a $13 billion personal income tax cut directed at middle and upper income earners, $10 billion in government spending cuts, the abolition of state payroll taxes and the privatisation of a large number of government owned enterprises − representing the start of a very different future direction to the keynesian economic conservatism practiced by previous Liberal/National Coalition governments. The 15 percent GST was the centerpiece of the policy document. Through 1992, Labor Prime Minister Paul Keating mounted a campaign against the Fightback package, and particularly against the GST, which he described as an attack on the working class in that it shifted the tax burden from direct taxation of the wealthy to indirect taxation as a broad-based consumption tax. Pressure group activity and public opinion was relentless, which led Hewson to exempt food from the proposed GST − leading to questions surrounding the complexity of what food was and wasn't to be exempt from the GST. Hewson's difficulty in explaining this to the electorate was exemplified in the infamous birthday cake interview, considered by some as a turning point in the election campaign. Keating won a record fifth consecutive Labor term at the 1993 election. A number of the proposals were later adopted in to law in some form, to a small extent during the Keating Labor government, and to a larger extent during the Howard Liberal government (most famously the GST), while unemployment benefits and bulk billing were re-targeted for a time by the Abbott Liberal government.

Q1: Which two title holders fought for political power in the early 1990s?
A1: former Treasurer John Howard competing with former Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock
Q2: What was the Australian unemployment rate in 1992?
A2: 11.4%
Q3: What discussion proved an example of the difficulty of explaining what foods were and were not included in the Goods and Services Tax?
A3: the infamous birthday cake interview
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States  – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam). The colony of New Amsterdam was centered at the site which would eventually become Lower Manhattan. The Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small band of the Lenape, in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders (about $1000 in 2006); a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.

Q1: On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs?
A1: Governors Island
Q2: On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?
A2: Manhattan Island
Q3: In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam?
A3: 1625
Q4: What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?
A4: Peter Minuit
Q5: In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan?
A5: 1626
Q6: New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year?
A6: 1624
Q7: What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island?
A7: 1625
Q8: What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ?
A8: glass beads
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.

Q1: What is OSHA?
A1: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Q2: What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday?
A2: 0.25 mg/m3
Q3: What does REL stand for?
A3: recommended exposure limit
Q4: What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?
A4: 0.2 mg/m3
Q5: At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health?
A5: 10 mg/m3
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

A person from Ann Arbor is called an "Ann Arborite", and many long-time residents call themselves "townies". The city itself is often called "A²" ("A-squared") or "A2" ("A two") or "AA", "The Deuce" (mainly by Chicagoans), and "Tree Town". With tongue-in-cheek reference to the city's liberal political leanings, some occasionally refer to Ann Arbor as "The People's Republic of Ann Arbor" or "25 square miles surrounded by reality", the latter phrase being adapted from Wisconsin Governor Lee Dreyfus's description of Madison, Wisconsin. In A Prairie Home Companion broadcast from Ann Arbor, Garrison Keillor described Ann Arbor as "a city where people discuss socialism, but only in the fanciest restaurants." Ann Arbor sometimes appears on citation indexes as an author, instead of a location, often with the academic degree MI, a misunderstanding of the abbreviation for Michigan. Ann Arbor has become increasingly gentrified in recent years.

Q1: What is a person from Ann Arbor called?
A1: Ann Arborite
Q2: In recent years what has Ann Arbor become?
A2: gentrified
Q3: Which city is referred to as the "People's Republic of Ann Arbor"?
A3: Ann Arbor
Title: Identity_(social_science)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life and interest in committing even to those unchosen roles that he or she occupies. Foreclosure is when a person has not chosen extensively in the past, but seems willing to commit to some relevant values, goals, or roles in the future. Moratorium is when a person displays a kind of flightiness, ready to make choices but unable to commit to them. Finally, achievement is when a person makes identity choices and commits to them.

Q1: What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments?
A1: relative weakness or relative strength
Q2: What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment?
A2: identity diffusion
Q3: What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future?
A3: identity foreclosure
Q4: What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit?
A4: identity moratorium
Q5: What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices?
A5: identity achievement
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

A person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does". To assess intensity, the patient may be asked to locate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all, and 10 the worst pain they have ever felt. Quality can be established by having the patient complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire indicating which words best describe their pain.

Q1: What is the most reliable measure of pain?
A1: person's self-report
Q2: What do health-care professionals tend to underestimate? 
A2: severity
Q3: What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968?
A3: definition of pain
Q4: What scale might a patient be asked to locate their pain on?
A4: 0 to 10
Q5: What are patients asked to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire to indicate?
A5: which words best describe their pain
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to this is compound device, in which the host assigns each logical device a distinctive address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable.

Q1: What are logical sub-devices referred to as?
A1: device functions
Q2: A single device can provide an audio device function such as?
A2: built-in microphone
Q3: A single device can provide a video device function such as?
A3: a webcam
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems of the American forces were also quite capable, although they receive little attention. Their needs could cogently be met with smaller-calibre ordnance beyond using the usual singly-mounted M2 .50 caliber machine gun atop a tank's turret, as four of the ground-used "heavy barrel" (M2HB) guns were mounted together on the American Maxson firm's M45 Quadmount weapons system (as a direct answer to the Flakvierling),which were often mounted on the back of a half-track to form the Half Track, M16 GMC, Anti-Aircraft. Although of less power than Germany's 20 mm systems, the typical 4 or 5 combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread many kilometers apart from each other, rapidly attaching and detaching to larger ground combat units to provide welcome defence from enemy aircraft.

Q1: What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea?
A1: 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system
Q2: What weapons system did American troops use but received minute attention?
A2: Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems
Q3: How many of the M2HB guns were mounted together on the M45 Quadmount weapons system?
A3: four
Q4: This system was a direct answer to what?
A4: the Flakvierling
Q5: The combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread how far apart from each other?
A5: many kilometers
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

A police force is a constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder. Their powers include the legitimized use of force. The term is most commonly associated with police services of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are often defined as being separate from military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing.

Q1: What does the state want a police force to do?
A1: enforce the law, protect property, and limit civil disorder
Q2: What are gendarmerie?
A2: military units charged with civil policing
Q3: What are police usually separate from?
A3: military or other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retaining party members, and also chairs party meetings). Most of the above positions are also members of the party executive, the leading organization which sets policy for the entire party at the national level. The structure is far more decentralized in the United States because of the separation of powers, federalism and the multiplicity of economic interests and religious sects. Even state parties are decentralized as county and other local committees are largely independent of state central committees. The national party leader in the U.S. will be the president, if the party holds that office, or a prominent member of Congress in opposition (although a big-state governor may aspire to that role). Officially, each party has a chairman for its national committee who is a prominent spokesman, organizer and fund-raiser, but without the status of prominent elected office holders.

Q1: Do political parties have a Party leader?
A1: A political party is typically led by a party leader
Q2: Who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings?
A2: party secretary
Q3: Who is responsible for the membership fees and expenses? 
A3: party treasurer
Q4: Who is responsible for recruiting and maintaining party members?
A4: party chair
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

A popular trend in this era was remixing dance music hits into adult contemporary ballads, especially in the US, (for example, the "Candlelight Mix" versions of "Heaven" by DJ Sammy, "Listen To Your Heart" by D.H.T., and "Everytime We Touch" by Cascada). Adult contemporary has long characterized itself as family-friendly, but edited versions of "Perfect" by P!nk and "Forget You" by Cee Lo Green showed up in the format in 2011.

Q1: What was the name of DJ Sammy's mix of "Heaven"?
A1: the "Candlelight Mix"
Q2: Who recorded the song "Listen To Your Heart"?
A2: D.H.T.
Q3: Who is known for the song "Everytime We Touch"?
A3: Cascada
Q4: What artist performed the song "Forget You"?
A4: Cee Lo Green
Q5: What version of P!nk's "Perfect" appeared on adult contemporary radio in 2011?
A5: edited
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

A potential important influence on adolescence is change of the family dynamic, specifically divorce. With the divorce rate up to about 50%, divorce is common and adds to the already great amount of change in adolescence. Custody disputes soon after a divorce often reflect a playing out of control battles and ambivalence between parents. Divorce usually results in less contact between the adolescent and their noncustodial parent. In extreme cases of instability and abuse in homes, divorce can have a positive effect on families due to less conflict in the home. However, most research suggests a negative effect on adolescence as well as later development. A recent study found that, compared with peers who grow up in stable post-divorce families, children of divorce who experience additional family transitions during late adolescence, make less progress in their math and social studies performance over time. Another recent study put forth a new theory entitled the adolescent epistemological trauma theory, which posited that traumatic life events such as parental divorce during the formative period of late adolescence portend lifelong effects on adult conflict behavior that can be mitigated by effective behavioral assessment and training. A parental divorce during childhood or adolescence continues to have a negative effect when a person is in his or her twenties and early thirties. These negative effects include romantic relationships and conflict style, meaning as adults, they are more likely to use the styles of avoidance and competing in conflict management.

Q1: What is the current divorce rate?
A1: about 50%
Q2: Does divorce usually result in more or less contact with the noncustodial parent?
A2: less
Q3: What new theory states that traumatic events during adolescence have lifelong effects?
A3: epistemological trauma theory
Q4: Does a parental divorce during childhood or adulthood have a positive or negative effect on a person during early adulthood?
A4: negative
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive posture near the German border and repel any Prussian offensive. As Austria along with Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden were expected to join in a revenge war against Prussia, I Corps would invade the Bavarian Palatinate and proceed to "free" the South German states in concert with Austro-Hungarian forces. VI Corps would reinforce either army as needed.

Q1: Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive?
A1: Marshal Niel
Q2: From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive?
A2: the Prussian Rhineland
Q3: Niel's plan was cast aside in favour of a plan by General Frossard and what other general??
A3: Bartélemy Lebrun
Q4: The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border?
A4: Army of the Rhine
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

A predator's effect on its prey species is hard to see in the short-term. However, if observed over a longer period of time, it is seen that the population of a predator will correlationally rise and fall with the population of its prey in a cycle similar to the boom and bust cycle of economics. If a predator overhunts its prey, the prey population will lower to numbers that are too scarce for the predators to find. This will cause the predator population to dip, decreasing the predation pressure on the prey population. The decrease in predators will allow the small number of prey left to slowly increase their population to somewhere around their previous abundance, which will allow the predator population to increase in response to the greater availability of resources. If a predator hunts its prey species to numbers too low to sustain the population in the short term, they can cause not only the extinction or extirpation of the prey but also the extinction of their own species, a phenomenon known as coextinction. This is a risk that wildlife conservationists encounter when introducing predators to prey that have not coevolved with the same or similar predators. This possibility depends largely on how well and how fast the prey species is able to adapt to the introduced predator. One way that this risk can be avoided is if the predator finds an alternative prey species or if an alternative prey species is introduced (something that ecologists and environmentalists try to avoid whenever possible). An alternative prey species would help to lift some of the predation pressure from the initial prey species, giving the population a chance to recover, however it does not guarantee that the initial prey species will be able to recover as the initial prey population may have been hunted to below sustainable numbers or to complete extinction.

Q1: When a predator hunts too much of its prey, causing both populations to dissappear, the phenomenon is called what?
A1: coextinction
Q2: Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term?
A2: longer period of time
Q3: The rise and fall of predator and prey populations are similar to what, in the US economy?
A3: boom and bust cycle of economics
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often includes examination of code as well as execution of that code in various environments and conditions as well as examining the aspects of code: does it do what it is supposed to do and do what it needs to do. In the current culture of software development, a testing organization may be separate from the development team. There are various roles for testing team members. Information derived from software testing may be used to correct the process by which software is developed.

Q1: What is the primamry reason for testing software?
A1: to detect software failures
Q2: What can testing software not fully completely establish?
A2: cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions
Q3: What does the scope of testing the software also look at?
A3: examination of code as well as execution of that code
Q4: Which two teams would you normally separate when writing and testing software?
A4: testing organization may be separate from the development team