LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about God's identity and attributes. In the ancient Egyptian era of Atenism, possibly the earliest recorded monotheistic religion, this deity was called Aten, premised on being the one "true" Supreme Being and Creator of the Universe. In the Hebrew Bible and Judaism, "He Who Is", "I Am that I Am", and the tetragrammaton YHWH are used as names of God, while Yahweh and Jehovah are sometimes used in Christianity as vocalizations of YHWH. In the Christian doctrine of the Trinity, God, consubstantial in three persons, is called the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. In Judaism, it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai, the latter of which is believed by some scholars to descend from the Egyptian Aten. In Islam, the name Allah, "Al-El", or "Al-Elah" ("the God") is used, while Muslims also have a multitude of titular names for God. In Hinduism, Brahman is often considered a monistic deity. Other religions have names for God, for instance, Baha in the Bahá'í Faith, Waheguru in Sikhism, and Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism.

Q1: What are vocalizations of the name of God, YHWH?
A1: Yahweh and Jehovah
Q2: What is the Holy Trinity?
A2: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
Q3: In the time of Atenism, what was God called?
A3: Aten
Q4: What is the Islamic name for God?
A4: Allah
Q5: What do members of the Bahá'í Faith call God?
A5: Baha
Q6: What was the first monotheistic religion?
A6: Atenism
Q7: What is the God of the Hebrew Bible called?
A7: YHWH
Q8: What is the Christian God called?
A8: Yahweh and Jehovah
Q9: What are the 2 titular names of God in the Jewish religion?
A9: Elohim or Adonai
Q10: Where do scholars believe the name Adonai came from?
A10: Aten
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

There are many non-incandescent light sources, such as the fluorescent lamp, high-intensity discharge lamps and LED lamps, which have higher luminous efficiency, and some have been designed to be retrofitted in fixtures for incandescent lights. These devices produce light by luminescence. These lamps produce discrete spectral lines and do not have the broad "tail" of invisible infrared emissions. By careful selection of which electron energy level transitions are used, and fluorescent coatings which modify the spectral distribution, the spectrum emitted can be tuned to mimic the appearance of incandescent sources, or other different color temperatures of white light. Due to the discrete spectral lines rather than a continuous spectrum, the light is not ideal for applications such as photography and cinematography.

Q1: Do fluorescent lights have a higher or lower luminous efficiency than incandescents?
A1: higher
Q2: How can luminescent light sources be modified to resemble the appearance of incandescents?
A2: By careful selection of which electron energy level transitions are used, and fluorescent coatings which modify the spectral distribution
Q3: Why are luminescent light sources not ideal for photography?
A3: Due to the discrete spectral lines rather than a continuous spectrum
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

There are many notable contributors to the field of Chinese science throughout the ages. One of the best examples would be Shen Kuo (1031–1095), a polymath scientist and statesman who was the first to describe the magnetic-needle compass used for navigation, discovered the concept of true north, improved the design of the astronomical gnomon, armillary sphere, sight tube, and clepsydra, and described the use of drydocks to repair boats. After observing the natural process of the inundation of silt and the find of marine fossils in the Taihang Mountains (hundreds of miles from the Pacific Ocean), Shen Kuo devised a theory of land formation, or geomorphology. He also adopted a theory of gradual climate change in regions over time, after observing petrified bamboo found underground at Yan'an, Shaanxi province. If not for Shen Kuo's writing, the architectural works of Yu Hao would be little known, along with the inventor of movable type printing, Bi Sheng (990-1051). Shen's contemporary Su Song (1020–1101) was also a brilliant polymath, an astronomer who created a celestial atlas of star maps, wrote a pharmaceutical treatise with related subjects of botany, zoology, mineralogy, and metallurgy, and had erected a large astronomical clocktower in Kaifeng city in 1088. To operate the crowning armillary sphere, his clocktower featured an escapement mechanism and the world's oldest known use of an endless power-transmitting chain drive.

Q1: Who discovered the idea of true north?
A1: Shen Kuo
Q2: When was Shen Kuo alive?
A2: 1031–1095
Q3: What are drydocks used for?
A3: to repair boats
Q4: What did silt and marine fossils teach Shen Kuo?
A4: geomorphology
Q5: What did Shen Kuo study to discover climate change?
A5: petrified bamboo
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

There are many other Protestant denominations that do not fit neatly into the mentioned branches, and are far smaller in membership. Some groups of individuals who hold basic Protestant tenets identify themselves simply as "Christians" or "born-again Christians". They typically distance themselves from the confessionalism and/or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves "non-denominational" or "evangelical". Often founded by individual pastors, they have little affiliation with historic denominations.

Q1: What do some groups of people who believe in basic Protestant principles identify as?
A1: "Christians" or "born-again Christians"
Q2: What denomination do these small groups belong to?
A2: "non-denominational" or "evangelical"
Q3: How much affiliation do these small groups have with historical denominations?
A3: little
Q4: Who has founded these small groups of Christians?
A4: individual pastors
Title: Canadian_football
Topic: Sports and recreation

There are many rules to contact in this type of football. First, the only player on the field who may be legally tackled is the player currently in possession of the football (the ball carrier). Second, a receiver, that is to say, an offensive player sent down the field to receive a pass, may not be interfered with (have his motion impeded, be blocked, etc.) unless he is within one yard of the line of scrimmage (instead of 5 yards (4.6 m) in American football). Any player may block another player's passage, so long as he does not hold or trip the player he intends to block. The kicker may not be contacted after the kick but before his kicking leg returns to the ground (this rule is not enforced upon a player who has blocked a kick), and the quarterback, having already thrown the ball, may not be hit or tackled.

Q1: What is the term for the player that is currently handing the football when play is underway?
A1: ball carrier
Q2: Within what distance from the line of scrimmage can offensive players who do not have the ball be legally contacted by defensive players?
A2: one yard
Q3: What are two illegal ways to block an opposing player's progress near the line of scrimmage?
A3: hold or trip
Q4: Which player may not be tackled immediately after they have thrown a pass?
A4: quarterback
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and an arched top—both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on the inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music. Carved-top instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music. Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British and Brazilian folk music. Some modern Brazilian instruments feature an extra fifth course tuned a fifth lower than the standard fourth course.

Q1: What are the four common styles of mandolins?
A1: the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin.
Q2: What is the round-back mandolin made of? 
A2: strips of wood, glued together into a bowl
Q3: Which style of mandolin has a shallower, arched back, and arched top?
A3: round-back
Q4: Which form of music do Neapolitan mandolins feature? 
A4: European classical music and traditional music.
Q5: Which mandolin is commin in American Folk music and blue grass music?
A5: Carved-top instruments
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

There are more than 100 freshwater fish species, varying from the giant European catfish (in the Tagus International Natural Park) to some small and endemic species that live only in small lakes (along the western portion of country, for example). Some of these rare and specific species are highly endangered because of habitat loss, pollution and drought. Up-welling along the west coast of Portugal makes the sea extremely rich in nutrients and diverse species of marine fish; the Portuguese marine waters are one of the richest in the world. Marine fish species are more common, and include thousands of species, such as the sardine (Sardina pilchardus), tuna and Atlantic mackerel. Bioluminescent species are also well represented (including species in different colour spectrum and forms), like the glowing plankton that are possible to observe in some beaches.

Q1: How many freshwater fish species can be found in Portugal?
A1: more than 100
Q2: In Portugal, where can you find the giant European catfish?
A2: in the Tagus International Natural Park
Q3: Why are some species becoming endangered in Portugal?
A3: because of habitat loss, pollution and drought
Q4: What type of glowing species can be found on some beaches in Portugal?
A4: plankton
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

There are more than 200 thermochemical cycles which can be used for water splitting, around a dozen of these cycles such as the iron oxide cycle, cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle, zinc zinc-oxide cycle, sulfur-iodine cycle, copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle are under research and in testing phase to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity. A number of laboratories (including in France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA) are developing thermochemical methods to produce hydrogen from solar energy and water.

Q1: What are the thermochemical cycyles in a testing phase for?
A1: produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity
Q2: What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from?
A2: solar energy and water
Q3: What countries are testing this?
A3: France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Africa. Protestants account for nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide and more than one tenth of the total human population. Various estimates put the percentage of Protestants in relation to the total number of world's Christians at 33%, 36%, 36.7%, and 40%, while in relation to the world's population at 11.6% and 13%.

Q1: How many Protestants are there in the world?
A1: more than 900 million
Q2: What is the total population of Christians in the world?
A2: approximately 2.4 billion
Q3: Approximately how much of the world's population are Protestant (in fractions)?
A3: more than one tenth
Q4: What area only had about 2 million Protestants in 2010?
A4: Middle East-North Africa
Q5: What area had the largest Protestant population in 2010?
A5: Sub-Saharan Africa
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for European agriculture (and even pastoralism).[citation needed] Another are the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, who live on North Sentinel Island and to date have maintained their independent existence, repelling attempts to engage with and contact them.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the name of the Spinifex people?
A1: Pila Nguru
Q2: Where do the Pila Nguru people live?
A2: Western Australia
Q3: Who refuses contact with outsiders on Sentinel Island?
A3: Sentinelese
Q4: Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands?
A4: Indian Ocean
Title: Aspirated_consonant
Topic: Language and literature

There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically.

Q1: There are no IPA symbols for what?
A1: degrees of aspiration
Q2: What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration?
A2: aspiration modifier
Q3: What language, according to the text, may need double stops to indicate aspiration length?
A3: Korean
Q4: How are voice-onset time details usually presented?
A4: numerically
Title: Norfolk_Island
Topic: Geography and places

There are no railways, waterways, ports or harbours on the island. Loading jetties are located at Kingston and Cascade, but ships cannot get close to either of them. When a supply ship arrives, it is emptied by whaleboats towed by launches, five tonnes at a time. Which jetty is used depends on the prevailing weather on the day. The jetty on the leeward side of the island is often used. If the wind changes significantly during unloading/loading, the ship will move around to the other side. Visitors often gather to watch the activity when a supply ship arrives.

Q1: Where are loading jetties found on Norfolk Island?
A1: Kingston and Cascade
Q2: How is a supply ship unloaded when it reaches Norfolk Island? 
A2: by whaleboats towed by launches
Q3: What determines the jetty that's used by supply ships to Norfolk Island?
A3: the prevailing weather on the day
Q4: Where can you find the often-used jetty on Norfolk Island?
A4: on the leeward side of the island
Q5: Who can usually be found watching supply ships unload at Norfolk Island?
A5: Visitors
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

There are numerous community and international newspapers locally that cater to the city's ethnic mosaic; such as The Black Chronicle, headquartered in the Eastside, the OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times, located in Asia District, and various Hispanic community publications. The Campus is the student newspaper at Oklahoma City University. Gay publications include The Gayly Oklahoman.

Q1: Which side is the Black Chronicles Headquarters?
A1: Eastside
Q2: What international newspapers is in the Asia District?
A2: OK VIETIMES and Oklahoma Chinese Times
Q3: What is the name of the student newspaper?
A3: The Campus
Title: Avicenna
Topic: Language and literature

There are occasional brief hints and allusions in his longer works however that Avicenna considered philosophy as the only sensible way to distinguish real prophecy from illusion. He did not state this more clearly because of the political implications of such a theory, if prophecy could be questioned, and also because most of the time he was writing shorter works which concentrated on explaining his theories on philosophy and theology clearly, without digressing to consider epistemological matters which could only be properly considered by other philosophers.

Q1: What did Avicenna consider to be the only way to distinguish real philosophy from illusion?
A1: philosophy
Q2: What did Avicenna fear about stating his theories on philosophy more clearly?
A2: the political implications of such a theory
Q3: What did Avicenna not consider when explaining his theories on philosophy?
A3: epistemological matters
Title: Seattle
Topic: History

There are other annual events, ranging from the Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair & Book Arts Show; an anime convention, Sakura-Con; Penny Arcade Expo, a gaming convention; a two-day, 9,000-rider Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic, and specialized film festivals, such as the Maelstrom International Fantastic Film Festival, the Seattle Asian American Film Festival (formerly known as the Northwest Asian American Film Festival), Children's Film Festival Seattle, Translation: the Seattle Transgender Film Festival, the Seattle Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, and the Seattle Polish Film Festival.

Q1: What anime convention is held in Seattle?
A1: Sakura-Con
Q2: What is focus of the Penny Arcade Expo?
A2: gaming
Q3: How many bicyclists attend the Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic?
A3: 9,000
Q4: What festival does Seattle have for the transgender community?
A4: Seattle Transgender Film Festival
Q5: What is Seattle's festival for the Polish community?
A5: Seattle Polish Film Festival
Title: Southern_Europe
Topic: Geography and places

There are other language groupings in Southern Europe. Albanian is spoken in Albania, Kosovo, Macedoonia, and parts of Greece. Maltese is a Semitic language that is the official language of Malta. The Basque language is spoken in the Basque Country, a region in northern Spain and southwestern France.

Q1: What language can be found used in Kosovo and Albania?
A1: Albanian
Q2: What type of language is Maltese?
A2: Semitic
Q3: Where is Basque Country located?
A3: northern Spain and southwestern France
Title: Zhejiang
Topic: Geography and places

There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest.  Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific.

Q1: How many islands are along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang?
A1: over three thousand
Q2: What is the largest island near Zhejiang?
A2: Zhoushan Island
Q3: What is the largest bay of Zhejiang?
A3: Hangzhou Bay
Q4: How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have?
A4: four
Q5: When does Spring start in Zhejiang?
A5: March
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

There are quite a few different dielectrics that can be chosen to provide different insulating values depending on the requirements of the circuit. Some of these dielectrics are polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), FR-4, FR-1, CEM-1 or CEM-3. Well known pre-preg materials used in the PCB industry are FR-2 (phenolic cotton paper), FR-3 (cotton paper and epoxy), FR-4 (woven glass and epoxy), FR-5 (woven glass and epoxy), FR-6 (matte glass and polyester), G-10 (woven glass and epoxy), CEM-1 (cotton paper and epoxy), CEM-2 (cotton paper and epoxy), CEM-3 (non-woven glass and epoxy), CEM-4 (woven glass and epoxy), CEM-5 (woven glass and polyester). Thermal expansion is an important consideration especially with ball grid array (BGA) and naked die technologies, and glass fiber offers the best dimensional stability.

Q1: What's the common name of polytetrafluoroethylene?
A1: Teflon
Q2: What pre-preg material is designated by "FR-2"?
A2: phenolic cotton paper
Q3: To what type of packaging is thermal expansion particularly critical?
A3: ball grid array
Q4: What material delivers optimum dimensional stability?
A4: glass fiber
Q5: What dielectric is matte glass and polyester?
A5: FR-6
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures.

Q1: What kind of groups are on Saint Helena and Ascension Island?
A1: scouting and guiding
Q2: When was Scouting established on Saint Helena?
A2: 1912
Q3: Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937?
A3: Lord and Lady Baden-Powell
Q4: What book describes Lord and Lady Baden-Powel's visit?
A4: African Adventures
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

There are seven current masjids in the Greater Richmond area, with three more currently in construction, accommodating the growing Muslim population, the first one being Masjid Bilal. In the 1950s, Muslims from the East End got organized under Nation of Islam (NOI). They used to meet in Temple #24 located on North Avenue. After the NOI split in 1975, the Muslims who joined mainstream Islam, start meeting at Shabaaz Restaurant on Nine Mile Road. By 1976, the Muslims used to meet in a rented church. They tried to buy this church, but due to financial difficulties the Muslims instead bought an old grocery store at Chimbarazoo Boulevard, the present location of Masjid Bilal. Initially, the place was called "Masjid Muhammad #24". Only by 1990 did the Muslims renamed it to "Masjid Bilal". Masjid Bilal was followed by the Islamic Center of Virginia, ICVA masjid. The ICVA was established in 1973 as a non profit tax exempt organization. With aggressive fundraising, ICVA was able to buy land on Buford road. Construction of the new masjid began in the early 1980s. The rest of the five current masjids in the Richmond area are Islamic Center of Richmond (ICR) in the west end, Masjid Umm Barakah on 2nd street downtown, Islamic Society of Greater Richmond (ISGR) in the west end, Masjidullah in the north side, and Masjid Ar-Rahman in the east end.

Q1: Where did Richmond's Nation of Islam members initially meet?
A1: Temple #24
Q2: On what street is Masjid Bilal located?
A2: Chimbarazoo Boulevard
Q3: What was Masjid Bilal previously known as?
A3: Masjid Muhammad #24
Q4: What year saw the establishment of the Islamic Center of Virginia?
A4: 1973
Q5: On what street can Shabaaz Restaurant be found?
A5: Nine Mile Road
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area which includes extensive riding trails, and Riverbank State Park, a 28-acre (110,000 m2) facility that rises 69 feet (21 m) over the Hudson River.

Q1: How many state parks exist in New York City?
A1: seven
Q2: How large is Riverbank State Park in acres?
A2: 28
Q3: How many meters is Riverbank State Park elevated above the Hudson River?
A3: 21
Q4: How many New York state parks are within New York City?
A4: seven
Q5: Riverbank State park's highest point is how high above the Hudson River?
A5: 69 feet
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the suburbicarian see he already held, adding to it that of Ostia, with the result that there continued to be only six cardinal bishops.

Q1: How many suburbicarian sees?
A1: seven
Q2: When were the two sees combined? 
A2: 1150 until 1914
Q3: Who separated them?
A3: Pope Pius X
Q4: What are the seven sees?
A4: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.

Q1: What is the largest university library?
A1: Sorbonne Library
Q2: Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located?
A2: Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques
Q3: In what arrondissement is the Sorbonne library in Paris located?
A3: 5th
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour, or 9 am) and the centurion's report of Jesus' death. The Gospel of Luke's unique contributions to the narrative include Jesus' words to the women who were mourning, one criminal's rebuke of the other, the reaction of the multitudes who left "beating their breasts", and the women preparing spices and ointments before resting on the Sabbath. John is also the only one to refer to the request that the legs be broken and the soldier's subsequent piercing of Jesus' side (as fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy), as well as that Nicodemus assisted Joseph with burial.

Q1: What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel?
A1: an earthquake
Q2: Which gospel mentioned the time of Crucifiction?
A2: Mark
Q3: Who did Jesus talk to in the Gospel of Luke?
A3: words to the women who were mourning
Q4: What gospel talks about breaking Jesus' legs?
A4: John
Q5: What prophecy was fulfilled by the piercing of Jesus' side?
A5: Old Testament prophecy
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

There are several invertebrate species whose brains have been studied intensively because they have properties that make them convenient for experimental work:

Q1: Which brains are easier to work on, vertebrates or invertebrates?
A1: invertebrate
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Fourth of July period. They include the week-long Harborfest festivities and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.

Q1: What event occurs on New Year's Eve?
A1: First Night
Q2: Where is the annual Boston Arts festival?
A2: Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park
Q3: Where are Italian Summer feasts held?
A3: the North End
Q4: Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts?
A4: Catholic saints
Q5: How long are the Harbor-Fest festivities?
A5: week-long
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

There are several major exceptions on tuition fees. In many European countries, it is possible to study without tuition fees. Public universities in Nordic countries were entirely without tuition fees until around 2005. Denmark, Sweden and Finland then moved to put in place tuition fees for foreign students. Citizens of EU and EEA member states and citizens from Switzerland remain exempted from tuition fees, and the amounts of public grants granted to promising foreign students were increased to offset some of the impact.

Q1: In multiple countries in Europe students can attend a university with what kind if financial burden?
A1: without tuition fees
Q2: Until what year were public universities in nordic nation free of tuition?
A2: around 2005
Q3: What kind of students pay fees in public universities in Denmark?
A3: foreign students
Q4: In terms of Universities in Denmark what is the fee status for citizens of EFA states?
A4: exempted from tuition fees
Q5: What happened to public grants in nordic universities that continued to allow foreign students?
A5: increased
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

There are several other important art museums in Montevideo. The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay's largest collection of paintings. The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manuel Blanes painted Uruguayan patriotic themes. In back of the museum is a beautiful Japanese Garden with a pond where there are over a hundred carp. The Museo de Historia del Arte, located in the Palacio Municipal, features replicas of ancient monuments and exhibits a varied collection of artifacts from Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, Rome and Native American cultures including local finds of the pre-Columbian period. The Museo Municipal Precolombino y Colonial, in the Ciudad Vieja, has preserved collections of the archaeological finds from excavations carried out by Uruguayan archaeologist Antonio Taddei. These antiquaries are exhibits of pre-Columbian art of Latin America, painting and sculpture from the 17th and 18th century mostly from Mexico, Peru and Brazil. The Museo de Arte Contempo has small but impressive exhibits of modern Uruguayan painting and sculpture.

Q1: Where is the National Museum of Visual Arts located?
A1: Parque Rodó
Q2: What does the National Museum of Visual Arts have the largest collection of in Uruguay?
A2: paintings
Q3: When was the Juan Manuel Blanes Museum founded?
A3: 1930
Q4: Who painted Uruguayan patriotic themes?
A4: Juan Manuel Blanes
Q5: Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located?
A5: the Palacio Municipal
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

There are several reasons an otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as a binding international agreement, most of which involve problems created at the formation of the treaty.[citation needed] For example, the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910 were protested; and they were confirmed as "already null and void" in the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea.

Q1: When are most of the problems created that might result in an otherwise valid treaty being rejected as a binding international agreement?
A1: at the formation of the treaty
Q2: What treaties between Japan and Korea are examples of treaties that were declared null and void?
A2: the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907 and 1910
Q3: In what treaty were the serial Japan-Korea treaties of 1905, 1907, and 1910 confirmed as "already null and void?"
A3: the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea
Q4: Which two states signed a treaty that declared previous treaties between the two from 1905, 1907, and 1910 to be already void?
A4: Japan and the Republic of Korea
Q5: An otherwise valid and agreed upon treaty may be rejected as what for several reasons most of which involve problems created at the formation of a treaty?
A5: a binding international agreement
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

There are several rocks and islets off the coast, including: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock (East), the Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, the Chimney, White Bird Island and Frightus Rock (Southeast), all of which are within one kilometre (0.62 miles) of the shore.

Q1: How close are the rockets and islets off the coast?
A1: one kilometre
Q2: Which direction from the island is Upper Black Rock located?
A2: South
Q3: Which direction from the island is Bird Island located?
A3: Southwest
Q4: Which direction from the island is Lighter Rock located?
A4: West
Q5: Which direction from the island is Frightus Rock located?
A5: Southeast
Title: Grape
Topic: Natural sciences

There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.

Q1: How many seedless grape sources are there for commercial cultivators? 
A1: three
Q2: How many varieties of seedless grapes are there? 
A2: more than a dozen
Q3: What species of grape are grown by Thompson Seedless? 
A3: Vitis vinifera
Q4: What type of climate are Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes specifically cultivated for? 
A4: cold
Q5: What species of grape are grown by Black Monukka?
A5: Vitis vinifera
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

There are several technologies aimed to provide better experience to passengers suffering from claustrophobia, anthropophobia or social anxiety. Israeli startup DigiGage uses motion sensors to scroll the pre-rendered images, building and floor-specific content on a screen embedded into the wall as the cab moves up and down. British company LiftEye provides a virtual window technology to turn common elevator into panoramic. It creates 3d video panorama using live feed from cameras placed vertically along the facade and synchronizes it with cab movement. The video is projected on a wall-sized screens making it look like the walls are made of glass.

Q1: New technologies aim to provide a better elevator experience to passengers who suffer from what?
A1: claustrophobia, anthropophobia or social anxiety
Q2: What Israeli company uses motion sensors to display information on a screen embedded in the wall of the cabs?
A2: DigiGage
Q3: LiftEye uses virtual window technology for what?
A3: to turn common elevator into panoramic
Q4: How does it produce the panoramic effects?
A4: It creates 3d video panorama using live feed from cameras placed vertically along the facade and synchronizes it with cab movement
Q5: Where is the video projected?
A5: on a wall-sized screens
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

There are several theories to the Islamisation process in Southeast Asia. Another theory is trade. The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders from Southern Yemen (Hadramout) brought Islam to the region with their large volume of trade. Many settled in Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. This is evident in the Arab-Indonesian, Arab-Singaporean, and Arab-Malay populations who were at one time very prominent in each of their countries. The second theory is the role of missionaries or Sufis.[citation needed] The Sufi missionaries played a significant role in spreading the faith by introducing Islamic ideas to the region. Finally, the ruling classes embraced Islam and that further aided the permeation of the religion throughout the region. The ruler of the region's most important port, Malacca Sultanate, embraced Islam in the 15th century, heralding a period of accelerated conversion of Islam throughout the region as Islam provided a positive force among the ruling and trading classes.

Q1: In the 15th century, the ruler of which port embraced Islam?
A1: Malacca Sultanate
Q2: Where did the traders from Yemen settle?
A2: Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia
Q3: Which missionary helped to spread Islam?
A3: The Sufi missionaries
Q4: Which religion proved a positive force among the ruling & trading classes?
A4: Islam
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

There are several types of multi-color white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different methods, include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between the luminous efficacy and color rendering. For example, the dichromatic white LEDs have the best luminous efficacy (120 lm/W), but the lowest color rendering capability. However, although tetrachromatic white LEDs have excellent color rendering capability, they often have poor luminous efficacy. Trichromatic white LEDs are in between, having both good luminous efficacy (>70 lm/W) and fair color rendering capability.

Q1: What is one type of multi-color white LED?
A1: tetrachromatic
Q2: What is a factor that may be different in the various types of multi-color white LEDs?
A2: luminous efficacy
Q3: Higher efficiency in multi-color white LEDs may mean what?
A3: lower color rendering
Q4: What type has the best luminous efficacy?
A4: dichromatic white LEDs
Q5: What luminous efficacy does trichromatic white LEDs have?
A5: >70 lm/W
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions are judgments. He has put forward a more nuanced view which response to what he has called the ‘standard objection’ to cognitivism, the idea that a judgment that something is fearsome can occur with or without emotion, so judgment cannot be identified with emotion. The theory proposed by Nico Frijda where appraisal leads to action tendencies is another example.

Q1: Who wrote The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?
A1: Robert C. Solomon
Q2: In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life published?
A2: 1993
Q3: What does Solomon believe emotions to be?
A3: judgments
Q4: Whose theory discussed action tendencies?
A4: Nico Frijda
Q5: The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?
A5: cognitivism
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act.  Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents.

Q1: What is subject to the Orphan Drug Act?
A1: diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances
Q2: What is given to companies who develop drugs for "orphan diseases"?
A2: tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents
Q3: Why are these companies rewarded?
A3: Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous
Q4: What is a term for rare diseases in some territories?
A4: orphan diseases
Q5: What size of disease populations are subject to the Orphan Drug Act?
A5: fewer than 200,000 patients
Q6: What is one financial benefit to researching orphan drugs?
A6: tax reductions
Q7: What is the length of time of market exclusivity of an orphan drug?
A7: seven years
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

There are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into work in a cyclic process, e.g. in a heat engine, as described by Carnot's theorem and the second law of thermodynamics. However, some energy transformations can be quite efficient. The direction of transformations in energy (what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind) is often determined by entropy (equal energy spread among all available degrees of freedom) considerations. In practice all energy transformations are permitted on a small scale, but certain larger transformations are not permitted because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces.

Q1: What states that there are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into a work in a cyclic process?
A1: Carnot's theorem
Q2: What is the direction of transformations in energy?
A2: what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind
Q3: What is often determined by entropy considerations?
A3: direction of transformations in energy
Q4: Why are certain larger transformations not permitted?
A4: because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces
Title: Wayback_Machine
Topic: Engineering and technology

There are technical limitations to archiving a web site, and as a consequence, it is possible for opposing parties in litigation to misuse the results provided by web site archives. This problem can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports, when the underlying links are not exposed and therefore, can contain errors. For example, archives such as the Wayback Machine do not fill out forms and therefore, do not include the contents of non-RESTful e-commerce databases in their archives.

Q1: What kind of limitations exist in keeping copies of a website?
A1: technical
Q2: The omission of what element in screenshots can make them unreliable as evidence?
A2: underlying links
Q3: What elements of webpages are not used by Wayback Machine?
A3: forms
Q4: What kind of sites contain information that the Wayback Machine does not record?
A4: e-commerce
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

There are three classes of components for oxide glasses: network formers, intermediates, and modifiers. The network formers (silicon, boron, germanium) form a highly cross-linked network of chemical bonds. The intermediates (titanium, aluminium, zirconium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc) can act as both network formers and modifiers, according to the glass composition. The modifiers (calcium, lead, lithium, sodium, potassium) alter the network structure; they are usually present as ions, compensated by nearby non-bridging oxygen atoms, bound by one covalent bond to the glass network and holding one negative charge to compensate for the positive ion nearby. Some elements can play multiple roles; e.g. lead can act both as a network former (Pb4+ replacing Si4+), or as a modifier.

Q1: What components of glass for networks?
A1: silicon, boron, germanium
Q2: What type of components change the network's shape?
A2: modifiers
Q3: What type of component can both make and change networks?
A3: intermediates
Q4: What type of chemical attachment connects ions to the network?
A4: covalent bond
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin, that produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. Most pulping operations using the kraft process are net contributors to the electricity grid or use the electricity to run an adjacent paper mill. Another advantage is that this process recovers and reuses all inorganic chemical reagents. Soda pulping is another specialty process used to pulp straws, bagasse and hardwoods with high silicate content.

Q1: How many chemical pulping processes are there?
A1: three
Q2: What decade does the sulfite process date to?
A2: 1840s
Q3: What process is most commonly used?
A3: The kraft process
Q4: What is another process used to pulp straws with high silicate content?
A4: Soda pulping
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

There are three members of parliament for the city: Royston Smith (Conservative) for Southampton Itchen, the constituency covering the east of the city; Dr. Alan Whitehead (Labour) for Southampton Test, which covers the west of the city; and Caroline Nokes (Conservative) for Romsey and Southampton North, which includes a northern portion of the city.

Q1: How many representatives does Southampton have in parliament?
A1: three
Q2: What is Royston Smith's constituency?
A2: Southampton Itchen
Q3: Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament?
A3: Dr. Alan Whitehead
Q4: To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong?
A4: Conservative
Q5: Which directional area of Southampton does Dr. Alan Whitehead represent?
A5: west
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

There are three primary shopping centers in the Bronx: The Hub, Gateway Center and Southern Boulevard. The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District (B.I.D.), in The Hub, is the retail heart of the South Bronx, located where four roads converge: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues. It is primarily located inside the neighborhood of Melrose but also lines the northern border of Mott Haven. The Hub has been called "the Broadway of the Bronx", being likened to the real Broadway in Manhattan and the northwestern Bronx. It is the site of both maximum traffic and architectural density. In configuration, it resembles a miniature Times Square, a spatial "bow-tie" created by the geometry of the street. The Hub is part of Bronx Community Board 1.

Q1: What in the Bronx has been compared to Broadway?
A1: The Hub
Q2: What is the main retail area of the South Bronx?
A2: The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District
Q3: Which streets demarcate The Hub BID?
A3: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues
Q4: What is The Hub's nickname?
A4: "the Broadway of the Bronx"
Q5: What shape is The Hub?
A5: bow-tie