LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

The practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing, among people with Alzheimer's disease. One study demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct disorders who participated in an education program with dogs and other animals showed increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared to those who were not in an animal-assisted program.

Q1: Dogs were taken where to help people with mental disorders socialize?
A1: mental institutions
Q2: Therapy dogs can help increase what in people suffering with Alzheimer's?
A2: social behaviors
Q3: What was decreased in children with ADHD when they were exposed to therapy dogs?
A3: antisocial and violent behavior
Q4: When did people start using dogs as therapy?
A4: the late 18th century
Q5: Where were dogs introduced then to help people socialize people?
A5: mental institutions
Q6: Children who have ADHD or conduct disorders respond better when what is a part of their treatment plan?
A6: dogs
Q7: People with Alzheimer's smile and laugh more with what kind of therapy?
A7: animal-assisted therapy
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely, even if there is no further Buddhist practice. There is nothing improper or un-Buddhist about limiting one's aims to this level of attainment.

Q1: Precepts are not created as imperatives, but as what?
A1: training rules
Q2: The cultivation of dana and what kind of conduct refine consciousness?
A2: ethical
Q3: Even if there is no further Buddhist practice, what heavens is still likely?
A3: lower
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The predominant educational psychology from the 1750s onward, especially in northern European countries was associationism, the notion that the mind associates or dissociates ideas through repeated routines. In addition to being conducive to Enlightenment ideologies of liberty, self-determination and personal responsibility, it offered a practical theory of the mind that allowed teachers to transform longstanding forms of print and manuscript culture into effective graphic tools of learning for the lower and middle orders of society. Children were taught to memorize facts through oral and graphic methods that originated during the Renaissance.

Q1: How can associationism be defined?
A1: the notion that the mind associates or dissociates ideas through repeated routines
Q2: What was the predominant educational psychology from the 1750s onward?
A2: associationism,
Q3: Children were taught to memorize facts through methods that originated during which time period?
A3: the Renaissance
Title: Southern_Europe
Topic: Geography and places

The predominant religion is southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and the eastern half based in Constantinople, different branches of Christianity are prodominent in different parts of Europe. Christians in the western half of Southern Europe — e.g., Portugal, Spain, Italy — are generally Roman Catholic. Christians in the eastern half of Southern Europe — e.g., Greece, Macedonia — are generally Greek Orthodox.

Q1: What is the main faith practiced in southern Europe?
A1: Christianity
Q2: When did the Romans make Christianity their official religion?
A2: 380 AD
Q3: What denomination of Christianity is common in the western part of southern Europe?
A3: Roman Catholic
Q4: Which denomination of Christianity is more common in the eastern part of Mediterranean Europe?
A4: Greek Orthodox
Title: Zhejiang
Topic: Geography and places

The predominant religions in Zhejiang are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 23.02% of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors, while 2.62% of the population identifies as Christian, decreasing from 3.92% in 2004. The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 74.36% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects, and small minorities of Muslims.

Q1: What is another predominant religion of Zhejiang besides Chinese folk religions and Taoist traditions?
A1: Chinese Buddhism
Q2: According to surveys in 2007 and 2009, what percent of the population believes in cults of ancestors?
A2: 23.02%
Q3: According to surveys in 2007 and 2009, what percent of the population identifies as Christian?
A3: 2.62%
Q4: What percent of the population identified as Christians in 2004?
A4: 3.92%
Q5: What percent of the population may be irreligious?
A5: 74.36%
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The predominant school of thought in the 13th century was the Thomistic reconciliation of the teachings of Aristotle with Christian theology. The Condemnation of 1277, enacted at the University of Paris, placed restrictions on ideas that could be interpreted as heretical; restrictions that had implication for Aristotelian thought. An alternative was presented by William of Ockham, who insisted that the world of reason and the world of faith had to be kept apart. Ockham introduced the principle of parsimony – or Occam's razor – whereby a simple theory is preferred to a more complex one, and speculation on unobservable phenomena is avoided.

Q1: Which philosophy attempted to reconcile Aristotelian teachings and Christian theology in the 13th century?
A1: Thomistic
Q2: Where was the Condemnation of 1277 enacted?
A2: University of Paris
Q3: Which philosopher believed that reason and faith were to be kept separate?
A3: William of Ockham
Q4: What is the common name for William of Ockham's principle of parsimony?
A4: Occam's razor
Q5: On what types of ideas did the Condemnation of 1277 place restrictions?
A5: heretical
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

The prefix neo is used to describe a 20th-century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era, such as Classical or Romantic. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition because it is stylistically similar to works of the Classical era.

Q1: A Contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier era is described with what prefix?
A1: neo
Q2: What century were Neoclassical compositions written in?
A2: 20th-century
Q3: Who wrote Pulcinella?
A3: Stravinsky's
Q4: What era is Pulcinella similar to?
A4: Classical
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence) to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality. The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the Étude Op. 10 No. 5.

Q1: What piece of Bach's did Chopin take inspiration for his preludes?
A1: The Well-Tempered Clavier
Q2: Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group?
A2: Kenneth Hamilton
Q3: What was described as "the beginning of studies" by Schumann?
A3: The preludes
Q4: What inspired Chopin for his preludes?
A4: J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier
Q5: Kenneth Hamilton suggests that the preludes may not have been meant as a group but rather as what?
A5: generic preludes to others of his pieces
Q6: Who did a recording where Étude Op. 10 No. 5. follows relude Op. 28 No. 7?
A6: Ferruccio Busoni
Title: Royal_Dutch_Shell
Topic: Natural sciences

The presence of companies like Shell in the Niger-Delta has led to extreme environmental issues in the Niger Delta. Many pipelines in the Niger-Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes. This has led to mass protests from the Niger-Delta inhabitants and Amnesty International against Shell and Friends of the Earth Netherlands. It has also led to action plans to boycott Shell by environmental groups, and human rights groups. In January 2013, a Dutch court rejected four out of five allegations brought against the firm over oil pollution in the Niger Delta but found a subsidiary guilty of one case of pollution, ordering compensation to be paid to a Nigerian farmer.

Q1: What is a cause of severe environmental issues in the Niger Delta?
A1: The presence of companies like Shell
Q2: Many pipelines owned by Shell in the Niger Delta are described as what?
A2: old and corroded
Q3: Shell has accepted responsibility for keeping its pipelines in what condition?
A3: new
Q4: In contrast to its acceptance of responsibility for keeping the pipelines new, Shell has denied what?
A4: responsibility for environmental causes
Q5: Environmental and human rights groups have created action plans to do what?
A5: boycott Shell
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

The presence of pain in an animal cannot be known for certain, but it can be inferred through physical and behavioral reactions. Specialists currently believe that all vertebrates can feel pain, and that certain invertebrates, like the octopus, might too. As for other animals, plants, or other entities, their ability to feel physical pain is at present a question beyond scientific reach, since no mechanism is known by which they could have such a feeling. In particular, there are no known nociceptors in groups such as plants, fungi, and most insects, except for instance in fruit flies.

Q1: What about pain in an animal isn't able to be known with certainty?
A1: presence
Q2: An animals physical and behavioral reactions may be inferred to indicate the presence of what?
A2: pain
Q3: Who do specialists believe can feel pain?
A3: vertebrates
Q4: No mechanism is known by which what organisms would be able to have a feeling such as pain?
A4: plants
Q5: What do fungi and fruit flies seem to lack?
A5: nociceptors
Title: San_Diego
Topic: Geography and places

The presence of the University of California, San Diego and other research institutions has helped to fuel biotechnology growth. In 2013, San Diego has the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below the Boston area and above the San Francisco Bay Area. There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in the area. In particular, the La Jolla and nearby Sorrento Valley areas are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies. Major biotechnology companies like Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences are headquartered in San Diego, while many biotech and pharmaceutical companies have offices or research facilities in San Diego. San Diego is also home to more than 140 contract research organizations (CROs) that provide a variety of contract services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

Q1: What institution has contributed to the growth of fuel biotechnology?
A1: University of California
Q2: What city does San Diego come in second to in the biotech industry?
A2: Boston
Q3: How many contract research organizations are in San Diego?
A3: 140
Q4: What two areas have the numerous research facilities and offices for biotech companies?
A4: La Jolla and nearby Sorrento Valley
Q5: What two major biotech companies are headquartered in San Diego?
A5: Illumina and Neurocrine Biosciences
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary, e.g., Pope John Paul II stated that "Mary was united to Jesus on the Cross". Well known works of Christian art by masters such as Raphael (e.g., the Mond Crucifixion), and Caravaggio (e.g., his Entombment) depict the Virgin Mary as part of the crucifixion scene.

Q1: Who was present under the cross?
A1: Virgin Mary
Q2: What symbol is popular in Marian Art?
A2: Marian Cross
Q3: Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion?
A3: Pope John Paul II
Q4: Who painted the Mond Crucifixion.
A4: Raphael
Q5: Who was responsible for the art names "His Entombment"?
A5: Caravaggio
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office) show the persecution of Freemasons during the Holocaust. RSHA Amt VII (Written Records) was overseen by Professor Franz Six and was responsible for "ideological" tasks, by which was meant the creation of antisemitic and anti-Masonic propaganda. While the number is not accurately known, it is estimated that between 80,000 and 200,000 Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime. Masonic concentration camp inmates were graded as political prisoners and wore an inverted red triangle.

Q1: How many Freemasons are believed to have been killed under Hitler's Nazi Regime?
A1: between 80,000 and 200,000
Q2: What kind of prisioner was a Freemason considered to be?
A2: political prisoners
Q3: What identifier did the Nazis make the Freemason prisioners wear?
A3: inverted red triangle
Q4: Who was responsible for creating antisemetic and anti-masonic propaganda?
A4: Professor Franz Six
Q5: Where is most of the informaton about Freemasons persecuted in the Holocaust located?
A5: The preserved records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (the Reich Security Main Office)
Q6: What is the Relch Security Main Office also called?
A6: Reichssicherheitshauptamt
Q7: Who was responsible for ideological tasks of the written records?
A7: Professor Franz Six
Q8: How many Freemasons were killed under the Nazi regime?
A8: between 80,000 and 200,000
Q9: What did Masonic concentration camp inmates have to wear?
A9: an inverted red triangle.
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or both houses may be called into emergency session by the president. The Vice President serves as president of the Senate, but he may only vote to break a tie.

Q1: Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree?
A1: President
Q2: Who can call congress into emergency session?
A2: The president
Q3: Who serves as president of the Senate?
A3: The Vice President
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain the armed forces. Congress also has the duty and authority to prescribe the laws and regulations under which the armed forces operate, such as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and requires that all Generals and Admirals appointed by the president be confirmed by a majority vote of the Senate before they can assume their office.

Q1: Who is the commander and chief of the Army?
A1: The president
Q2: Who has the power to declare ware?
A2: Congress
Q3: Who has the responsibility to confirm Generals and Admirals?
A3: the Senate
Title: Mali
Topic: Geography and places

The president serves as a chief of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. A prime minister appointed by the president serves as head of government and in turn appoints the Council of Ministers. The unicameral National Assembly is Mali's sole legislative body, consisting of deputies elected to five-year terms. Following the 2007 elections, the Alliance for Democracy and Progress held 113 of 160 seats in the assembly. The assembly holds two regular sessions each year, during which it debates and votes on legislation that has been submitted by a member or by the government.

Q1: Who is given both titles of commander of armed forces and chief of state?
A1: president
Q2: What group is Mali's sole legislative party?
A2: The unicameral National Assembly
Q3: The Alliance of democracy and Progress has how many seats as of 2007?
A3: 113
Q4: How many legislative assemblies are  held each year?
A4: two regular sessions
Q5: Who is considered head of government and assigns the council of ministers?
A5: prime minister
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.

Q1: Who has the power to issue a pardon?
A1: The president
Q2: Who has the power to issue a reprieve? 
A2: The president
Title: Guinea-Bissau
Topic: Geography and places

The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%. Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns.

Q1: What infection has a very small prevalence in Guinea-Bissau?
A1: HIV
Q2: What percentage of the adult population has an HIV-infection?
A2: 1.8%
Q3: How many HIV-infected pregnant women receive retroviral coverage?
A3: 20%
Q4: What does retroviral coverage help prevent?
A4: transmission to newborns
Q5: Who receives retroviral coverage?
A5: infected pregnant women
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quality; others experience several bouts a day, or it may occur only once every week or two. It is often described as shooting, crushing, burning or cramping. If the pain is continuous for a long period, parts of the intact body may become sensitized, so that touching them evokes pain in the phantom limb, or phantom limb pain may accompany urination or defecation.

Q1: What percentage of people who've had upper limbs amputated feel phantom pain?
A1: nearly 82%
Q2: What is the percentage of of phantom pain felt by lower limb amputees?
A2: 54%
Q3: After six months, what percentage of people who had limbs amputated still felt pain in those limbs?
A3: 65 percent
Q4: What may happen with intact body parts if there is continuous pain for a long period?
A4: become sensitized
Q5: What may accompany urination for amputees? 
A5: phantom limb pain
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

The pricing of risk refers to the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on additional risk, which may be measured by interest rates or fees. Several scholars have argued that a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis, enabled the mortgage market to grow larger than it otherwise would have, and made the financial crisis far more disruptive than it would have been if risk levels had been disclosed in a straightforward, readily understandable format.

Q1: What is a measurement of pricing of risk?
A1: interest rates or fees
Q2: What is the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on addition risk called?
A2: pricing of risk
Q3: According to several scholars, what prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis?
A3: lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures
Q4: How should risk levels have been disclosed according to several scholars?
A4: straightforward, readily understandable format
Q5: What was the outcome of the financial crisis since risk levels were not adequately disclosed?
A5: far more disruptive
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

The priesthoods of public religion were held by members of the elite classes. There was no principle analogous to separation of church and state in ancient Rome. During the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), the same men who were elected public officials might also serve as augurs and pontiffs. Priests married, raised families, and led politically active lives. Julius Caesar became pontifex maximus before he was elected consul. The augurs read the will of the gods and supervised the marking of boundaries as a reflection of universal order, thus sanctioning Roman expansionism as a matter of divine destiny. The Roman triumph was at its core a religious procession in which the victorious general displayed his piety and his willingness to serve the public good by dedicating a portion of his spoils to the gods, especially Jupiter, who embodied just rule. As a result of the Punic Wars (264–146 BC), when Rome struggled to establish itself as a dominant power, many new temples were built by magistrates in fulfillment of a vow to a deity for assuring their military success.

Q1: The members of what class were priests in ancient Rome?
A1: elite
Q2: What kind of political separation did not exist in Rome? 
A2: church and state
Q3: What was the time span of the Roman Republic?
A3: 509–27 BC
Q4: Which God exemplified just rule for the Romans?
A4: Jupiter
Q5: As a result of what war were many new temples built by victorious generals?
A5: Punic Wars
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

The primacy of the composer's written score has also led, today, to a relatively minor role played by improvisation in classical music, in sharp contrast to the practice of musicians who lived during the baroque, classical and romantic era. Improvisation in classical music performance was common during both the Baroque and early romantic eras, yet lessened strongly during the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries. During the classical era, Mozart and Beethoven often improvised the cadenzas to their piano concertos (and thereby encouraged others to do so), but they also provided written cadenzas for use by other soloists. In opera, the practice of singing strictly by the score, i.e. come scritto, was famously propagated by soprano Maria Callas, who called this practice 'straitjacketing' and implied that it allows the intention of the composer to be understood better, especially during studying the music for the first time.

Q1: When was improvisation in classical music performance common?
A1: the Baroque and early romantic eras
Q2: When did improvisation begin to lessened strongly?
A2: the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries
Q3: What part did Mozart and Beethoven often improvise?
A3: the cadenzas to their piano concertos
Q4: What is the name for the practice of singing strictly by the score in opera?
A4: come scritto
Q5: Who strongly supposed ome scritto?
A5: soprano Maria Callas
Title: Circadian_rhythm
Topic: Natural sciences

The primary circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. The retina of the eye contains "classical" photoreceptors ("rods" and "cones"), which are used for conventional vision. But the retina also contains specialized ganglion cells that are directly photosensitive, and project directly to the SCN, where they help in the entrainment (synchronization) of this master circadian clock.

Q1: Where is the primary circadian gene located in humans?
A1: suprachiasmatic nucleus
Q2: Where are these cell groups found in humans?
A2: hypothalamus
Q3: What would the loss of the SCN cells cause in the sleep-wake rhythm?
A3: complete absence
Q4: What provides information to the SCN?
A4: eyes
Q5: What special cells in the eyes communicate directly to the SCN cells?
A5: ganglion
Title: Houston
Topic: History

The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the United States Department of Transportation named IAH the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States. The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.

Q1: How does Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport rank for number of passengers?
A1: tenth-busiest
Q2: How many destinations does George Bush Intercontinental Airport serve?
A2: 182
Q3: When did the U.S. Department of Transportation name IAH as fastest growing of U.S. airports?
A3: 2006
Q4: Where is the Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center located?
A4: George Bush Intercontinental Airport
Q5: What is Houston's primary airport?
A5: George Bush Intercontinental Airport
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the forehead) other than their hands or arms. Within normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though the ball cannot be received in an offside position.

Q1: Who can only handle the ball with their hands or arms during play?
A1: goalkeepers
Q2: When is it okay for regular players to use their hands?
A2: throw-in restart
Q3: A ball cannot be received in what type of position?
A3: offside
Q4: throughout when can players move the ball in any direction?
A4: the pitch
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migratory species that remain in the tropics. As the days shorten in autumn, the birds return to warmer regions where the available food supply varies little with the season.

Q1: What is the primary motivation for migration?
A1: food
Q2: Which birds will not migrate if they are well fed through winter?
A2: hummingbirds
Q3: When do the birds return to warmer regions?
A3: autumn
Q4: what do the longer days of summer provide the birds?
A4: time for breeding birds to feed their young.
Q5: What do diurnal birds produce as opposed to non migratory species?
A5: larger clutches
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as laid down in Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The Governing Council in October 1998 defined price stability as inflation of under 2%, “a year-on-year increase in the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area of below 2%” and added that price stability ”was to be maintained over the medium term”. (Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices) Unlike for example the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the ECB has only one primary objective but this objective has never been defined in statutory law, and the HICP target can be termed ad-hoc.

Q1: What is price stability defined as?
A1: inflation of under 2%
Q2: What did the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices state that price stability had to be maintained at?
A2: over the medium term
Q3: When did the Governing Council define price stability?
A3: October 1998
Q4: What is the primary goal of the ECB?
A4: maintain price stability within the Eurozone
Q5: Where is the primary mission of the European Central Bank listed?
A5: Article 127(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, to take care of the foreign reserves of the European System of Central Banks and operation of the financial market infrastructure under the TARGET2 payments system and the technical platform (currently being developed) for settlement of securities in Europe (TARGET2 Securities). The ECB has, under Article 16 of its Statute, the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand.

Q1: What is the main mission of the ECB?
A1: maintain price stability within the Eurozone
Q2: What gives the ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes?
A2: Article 16 of its Statute
Q3: How can a member state use euro coins?
A3: the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand
Q4: Where is the mission for the European Central Bank found?
A4: Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB
Q5: Where can the basic tasks of the European Central Bank be found?
A5: Article 3 of the Statute
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

The primary physiological cue for migration are the changes in the day length. These changes are also related to hormonal changes in the birds. In the period before migration, many birds display higher activity or Zugunruhe (German: migratory restlessness), first described by Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1795, as well as physiological changes such as increased fat deposition. The occurrence of Zugunruhe even in cage-raised birds with no environmental cues (e.g. shortening of day and falling temperature) has pointed to the role of circannual endogenous programs in controlling bird migrations. Caged birds display a preferential flight direction that corresponds with the migratory direction they would take in nature, changing their preferential direction at roughly the same time their wild conspecifics change course.

Q1: What is the primary cue for migration?
A1: changes in the day length
Q2: How do birds act in the period before migration?
A2: higher activity
Q3: What does Zugunruhe mean in English?
A3: migratory restlessness
Q4: What do caged birds display that corresponds with migratory direction in nature?
A4: preferential flight direction
Q5: When do caged birds change their preferential direction?
A5: the same time their wild conspecifics change course
Title: Web_browser
Topic: Engineering and technology

The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user ("retrieval" or "fetching"), allowing them to view the information ("display", "rendering"), and then access other information ("navigation", "following links").

Q1: What is the main use of a browser?
A1: to bring information resources to the user
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor. Classes, colloquially known as "divs" (divisions), are organised on a School basis; the classrooms are separate from the houses. New school buildings have appeared for teaching purposes every decade or so since New Schools, designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861-3. Despite the introduction of modern technology, the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time.

Q1: What other term is given to the director of studies?
A1: tutor
Q2: With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie?
A2: House Master
Q3: Who designed the learning buildings at Eton?
A3: Henry Woodyer
Q4: Are living houses and classrooms seperate or conjoined?
A4: separate
Title: Tuberculosis
Topic: Natural sciences

The primary site of infection in the lungs, known as the "Ghon focus", is generally located in either the upper part of the lower lobe, or the lower part of the upper lobe. Tuberculosis of the lungs may also occur via infection from the blood stream. This is known as a Simon focus and is typically found in the top of the lung. This hematogenous transmission can also spread infection to more distant sites, such as peripheral lymph nodes, the kidneys, the brain, and the bones. All parts of the body can be affected by the disease, though for unknown reasons it rarely affects the heart, skeletal muscles, pancreas, or thyroid.

Q1: What two-word phrase is used for the main part of the lungs infected by TB?
A1: Ghon focus
Q2: If the lungs are infected by TB via bloodstream, what's the type of focus?
A2: Simon focus
Q3: In what general area of the lungs is SImon focus usually located?
A3: the top
Q4: What is the term that describes a blood-borne infection, like TB when it travels through the blood to the kidneys or brain?
A4: hematogenous
Q5: Four areas of the body are usually safe from TB infection, including skeletal muscles, heart, and thyroid; what's the fourth?
A5: pancreas
Title: Sahara
Topic: Geography and places

The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara. The Sahara doesn't lack precipitation because of a lack of moisture, but due to the lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism. Rainfall in this giant desert has to overcome the physical and atmospheric barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation. The harsh climate of the Sahara is characterized by extremely low, unreliable, highly erratic rainfall; extremely high sunshine duration values; high temperatures year-round; negligible rates of relative humidity, a significant diurnal temperature variation and extremely high levels of potential evaporation which are the highest recorded worldwide.

Q1: What is the primary source of rain in the Sahara?
A1: low-pressure systems
Q2: What is the reason the Sahara lacks moisture?
A2: lack of a precipitation-generating mechanism
Q3: What does the desert have to overcome?
A3: barriers that normally prevent the production of precipitation
Q4: What is the temperature like year around in the desert?
A4: high temperatures year-round
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.

Q1: What is a central duty of the prime minister?
A1: ensure the passage of bills
Q2: What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?
A2: royal prerogative
Q3: Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body?
A3: parliament
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

The principal battles of the stalemate include the Battle of Bloody Ridge (18 August–15 September 1951), the Battle of the Punchbowl (31 August-21 September 1951), the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge (13 September–15 October 1951), the Battle of Old Baldy (26 June–4 August 1952), the Battle of White Horse (6–15 October 1952), the Battle of Triangle Hill (14 October–25 November 1952), the Battle of Hill Eerie (21 March–21 June 1952), the sieges of Outpost Harry (10–18 June 1953), the Battle of the Hook (28–29 May 1953), the Battle of Pork Chop Hill (23 March–16 July 1953), and the Battle of Kumsong (13–27 July 1953).

Q1: When was the Battle of White Horse?
A1: 6–15 October 1952
Q2: What year was the Battle of Bloody Ridge?
A2: 1951
Q3: What was the shortest of the major battles fought during the stalemate?
A3: the Battle of the Hook
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces, yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War. Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in the war, including the Ukrainian nationalist Green Army, the Ukrainian anarchist Black Army and Black Guards, and warlords such as Ungern von Sternberg. The most intense fighting took place from 1918 to 1920. Major military operations ended on 25 October 1922 when the Red Army occupied Vladivostok, previously held by the Provisional Priamur Government. The last enclave of the White Forces was the Ayano-Maysky District on the Pacific coast. The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g., Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).

Q1: Who was the principal fighting between?
A1: Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army.
Q2: In what time period did the most brutal battles occur?
A2: 1918 to 1920
Q3: When did the major military operation end?
A3: 25 October 1922
Q4: What general was defeated in 1920?
A4: General Pyotr Wrangel
Q5: Where did the last Resistance from the White movement occur?
A5: Far East
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures.

Q1: Where did the mythical Greek gods live?
A1: Mount Olympus
Q2: The main gods of ancient Greece known as the what?
A2: Dodekatheon
Q3: The most important of the ancient gods was who?
A3: Zeus
Q4: Zeus was married to which goddess?
A4: Hera
Q5: Who was Zeus's sister?
A5: Hera
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

The principal official languages (German, French, and Italian) have terms, not used outside of Switzerland, known as Helvetisms. German Helvetisms are, roughly speaking, a large group of words typical of Swiss Standard German, which do not appear either in Standard German, nor in other German dialects. These include terms from Switzerland's surrounding language cultures (German Billette from French), from similar term in another language (Italian azione used not only as act but also as discount from German Aktion). The French spoken in Switzerland has similar terms, which are equally known as Helvetisms. The most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms are in vocabulary, phrases, and pronunciation, but certain Helvetisms denote themselves as special in syntax and orthography likewise. Duden, one of the prescriptive sources for Standard German, is aware of about 3000 Helvetisms. Current French dictionaries, such as the Petit Larousse, include several hundred Helvetisms.

Q1: What are terms that are not used outside of Switzerland known as?
A1: Helvetisms
Q2: Where are the most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms found?
A2: vocabulary, phrases, and pronunciation
Q3: What do current French dictionaries include several hundred of?
A3: Helvetisms
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The principle of the modern computer was first described by mathematician and pioneering computer scientist Alan Turing, who set out the idea in his seminal 1936 paper, On Computable Numbers. Turing reformulated Kurt Gödel's 1931 results on the limits of proof and computation, replacing Gödel's universal arithmetic-based formal language with the formal and simple hypothetical devices that became known as Turing machines. He proved that some such machine would be capable of performing any conceivable mathematical computation if it were representable as an algorithm. He went on to prove that there was no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem by first showing that the halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable: in general, it is not possible to decide algorithmically whether a given Turing machine will ever halt.

Q1: Who wrote the paper "On Computable Numbers"?
A1: Alan Turing
Q2: When did Alan Turing write the paper, "On Computable Numbers"?
A2: 1936
Q3: Who did Turing revise the results on the limits of proof and computation in 1931?
A3: Kurt Gödel
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

The principles of phonological analysis can be applied independently of modality because they are designed to serve as general analytical tools, not language-specific ones. The same principles have been applied to the analysis of sign languages (see Phonemes in sign languages), even though the sub-lexical units are not instantiated as speech sounds.

Q1: Instead of being language-specific what kind of tools are the principles of phonological analysis designed to be?
A1: general analytical tools
Q2: What other types of language have the phonological analysis principles been applied to?
A2: sign languages
Q3: What are the principles of phonological analysis able to be applied separately from?
A3: modality
Q4: In sign languages what are not represented as instances of speech sounds?
A4: sub-lexical units
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

The printed circuit board industry defines heavy copper as layers exceeding three ounces of copper, or approximately 0.0042 inches (4.2 mils, 105 μm) thick. PCB designers and fabricators often use heavy copper when design and manufacturing circuit boards in order to increase current-carrying capacity as well as resistance to thermal strains. Heavy copper plated vias transfer heat to external heat sinks. IPC 2152 is a standard for determining current-carrying capacity of printed circuit board traces.

Q1: What's the minimum amount of copper a layer in a PCB can have to be considered "heavy copper"?
A1: three ounces
Q2: About how thick would a PCB layer be if it contained three oz. of copper?
A2: 0.0042 inches
Q3: What will a circuit board with heavy copper carry very well?
A3: current
Q4: What would a PCB designer use heavy copper to make their circuit board resist?
A4: thermal strains
Q5: Where does the heat go when it leaves heavy copper-plated vias?
A5: external heat sinks
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

The pro-decolonisation Labour government, elected at the 1945 general election and led by Clement Attlee, moved quickly to tackle the most pressing issue facing the empire: that of Indian independence. India's two major political parties—the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League—had been campaigning for independence for decades, but disagreed as to how it should be implemented. Congress favoured a unified secular Indian state, whereas the League, fearing domination by the Hindu majority, desired a separate Islamic state for Muslim-majority regions. Increasing civil unrest and the mutiny of the Royal Indian Navy during 1946 led Attlee to promise independence no later than 1948. When the urgency of the situation and risk of civil war became apparent, the newly appointed (and last) Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, hastily brought forward the date to 15 August 1947. The borders drawn by the British to broadly partition India into Hindu and Muslim areas left tens of millions as minorities in the newly independent states of India and Pakistan. Millions of Muslims subsequently crossed from India to Pakistan and Hindus vice versa, and violence between the two communities cost hundreds of thousands of lives. Burma, which had been administered as part of the British Raj, and Sri Lanka gained their independence the following year in 1948. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka became members of the Commonwealth, while Burma chose not to join.

Q1: Who led the British government elected in 1945?
A1: Clement Attlee
Q2: What were India's two largest political parties in the 1940s?
A2: the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League
Q3: What was India's majority religion in the 1940s?
A3: Hindu
Q4: When India was split into Hindu and Muslim areas, what country did the Muslim area become?
A4: Pakistan
Q5: When did Burma get its independence?
A5: 1948
Title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it would still portray a physically possible process. Secondly, our experience of time, at the macroscopic level, is not time-reversal invariant. Glasses can fall and break, but shards of glass cannot reassemble and fly up onto tables. We have memories of the past, and none of the future. We feel we can't change the past but can influence the future.

Q1: How many contradictory facts does the problem of the direction of time arise from?
A1: two
Q2: What kind of physical laws are time-reversal invariant?
A2: fundamental
Q3: If if a cinematographic film were taken by means of physical  laws and then played backwards, it would still portray what?
A3: physically possible process
Q4: How is our experience of time at the macro level?
A4: not time-reversal invariant
Q5: What do we not have memories of?
A5: the future
Title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The problem of the flow of time, as it has been treated in analytic philosophy, owes its beginning to a paper written by J. M. E. McTaggart. In this paper McTaggart proposes two "temporal series". The first series, which means to account for our intuitions about temporal becoming, or the moving Now, is called the A-series. The A-series orders events according to their being in the past, present or future, simpliciter and in comparison to each other. The B-series eliminates all reference to the present, and the associated temporal modalities of past and future, and orders all events by the temporal relations earlier than and later than.

Q1: Who started the discussion within analytic philosophy on the problem of the flow of time?
A1: J. M. E. McTaggart
Q2: How many "temporal series" did McTaggart propose?
A2: two
Q3: What was McTaggart's first series called?
A3: the A-series
Q4: The A-Series orders events according to their being in the past, present or future and in comparison to what else?
A4: each other
Q5: What is McTaggart's second series called?
A5: The B-series