LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

To prevent the risk of out-of-phase supplies mixing, sections of line fed from different feeder stations must be kept strictly isolated. This is achieved by Neutral Sections (also known as Phase Breaks), usually provided at feeder stations and midway between them although, typically, only half are in use at any time, the others being provided to allow a feeder station to be shut down and power provided from adjacent feeder stations. Neutral Sections usually consist of an earthed section of wire which is separated from the live wires on either side by insulating material, typically ceramic beads, designed so that the pantograph will smoothly run from one section to the other. The earthed section prevents an arc being drawn from one live section to the other, as the voltage difference may be higher than the normal system voltage if the live sections are on different phases and the protective circuit breakers may not be able to safely interrupt the considerable current that would flow. To prevent the risk of an arc being drawn across from one section of wire to earth, when passing through the neutral section, the train must be coasting and the circuit breakers must be open. In many cases, this is done manually by the drivers. To help them, a warning board is provided just before both the neutral section and an advance warning some distance before. A further board is then provided after the neutral section to tell drivers to re-close the circuit breaker, although drivers must not do this until the rear pantograph has passed this board. In the UK, a system known as Automatic Power Control (APC) automatically opens and closes the circuit breaker, this being achieved by using sets of permanent magnets alongside the track communicating with a detector on the train. The only action needed by the driver is to shut off power and coast and therefore warning boards are still provided at and on the approach to neutral sections.

Q1: What was the main requirement for electric feeder stations?
A1: line fed from different feeder stations must be kept strictly isolated
Q2: What invention prevented lines from getting mixed?
A2: Phase Breaks
Q3: What was the part of wire in Phase Break sections an arc being drawn from one wire to another?
A3: The earthed section
Q4: How were the drivers warned to start coasting the train?
A4: warning board
Q5: What should the driver do in order to open and close the circuit breaker?
A5: to shut off power and coast
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

To prevent this problem, in one implementation of destination control, every user gets an RFID card to identify himself, so the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls. The newest invention knows even where people are located and how many on which floor because of their identification, either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons. Another way to prevent this issue is to treat everyone travelling from one floor to another as one group and to allocate only one car for that group.

Q1: What is one way to implement destination control?
A1: every user gets an RFID card to identify himself
Q2: How does this help the system?
A2: the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls
Q3: Newer systems know where and how many people are at a location for what reasons?
A3: either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons
Title: Utrecht
Topic: History

To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for amateur artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten), as does the university for its staff and students. Additionally there are also several private initiatives. The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.

Q1: What does the city host on Sundays 
A1: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays
Q2: What happens on Cultural Sunday 
A2: thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee
Q3: What does the city subsidise
A3: an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten
Q4: What type of coupon does the city provide the poor 
A4: The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.
Title: Spectre_(2015_film)
Topic: Media and drama

To promote the film, production continued the trend established during Skyfall's production of releasing still images of clapperboards and video blogs on Eon's official social media accounts.

Q1: Images of what item were posted by Eon while the movie was being made?
A1: clapperboards
Q2: For what film did Eon first use this method of promotion?
A2: Skyfall
Q3: On which social media accounts was the film promoted?
A3: Eon's official social media accounts.
Q4: What other Bond film was promoted on social media?
A4: Skyfall
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

To protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, the government officially sponsored it and encouraged peasants to use it. Han farmers also used the pit field system (aotian 凹田) for growing crops, which involved heavily fertilized pits that did not require plows or oxen and could be placed on sloping terrain. In southern and small parts of central Han-era China, paddy fields were chiefly used to grow rice, while farmers along the Huai River used transplantation methods of rice production.

Q1: What helped insure the safety of crops from wind?
A1: the alternating fields system
Q2: What was the name of the system that for growing crops that did not require plows?
A2: pit field system
Q3: What were paddy fields used for primarily to grow in smaller areas?
A3: rice
Q4: What system did the government recommend the usage of?
A4: alternating fields system
Q5: What was the name of the Grain Intendant?
A5: Zhao Guo
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

To put it another way, a thing or person is often seen as having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" that is unchanging, and describes what the thing or person really is. In this way of thinking, things and people are seen as fundamentally the same through time, with any changes being qualitative and secondary to their core identity (e.g. "Mark's hair has turned gray as he has gotten older, but he is still the same person"). But in Whitehead's cosmology, the only fundamentally existent things are discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing. On the other hand, what ordinary thinking often regards as "the essence of a thing" or "the identity/core of a person" is an abstract generalization of what is regarded as that person or thing's most important or salient features across time. Identities do not define people, people define identities. Everything changes from moment to moment, and to think of anything as having an "enduring essence" misses the fact that "all things flow", though it is often a useful way of speaking.

Q1: The idea that people are unchanging and stay the same even through changes is considered what?
A1: defining essence
Q2: In Whitehead's cosmology, what are the only things that fundamentally exist?
A2: occasions of experience
Q3: Where do occasions of experience overlap?
A3: time and space
Q4: In Whitehead's view, identities do not define people, but what?
A4: people define identities
Q5: Instead of having an enduring essence, what does Whitehead believe?
A5: all things flow"
Q6: Regarding the idea that individuals or objects don't fundamentally change, what terms can be used to describe what an object or individual actually is?
A6: "defining essence" or a "core identity"
Q7: In that line of thinking, how are changes described?
A7: qualitative and secondary to their core identity
Q8: What did Whitehead believe were essentially the only things that truly exist?
A8: discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the European Union, especially with regard to sovereign debt as a percentage of each member state's gross domestic product, are designed to insure that assets offered to the bank as collateral are, at least in theory, all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation.

Q1: How does a bank make sure that they can participate in auctions?
A1: must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities
Q2: What kind of proof is acceptable for participation in auctions?
A2: public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted
Q3: What should all assets offered up as collateral be?
A3: all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation
Q4: What must be a part of a states Gross Domestic Product in order for them to be considered for particpation in auctions?
A4: sovereign debt
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

To raise money, Seagram head Edgar Bronfman Jr. sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network USA, to Barry Diller (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices). In June 2000, Seagram was sold to French water utility and media company Vivendi, which owned StudioCanal; the conglomerate then became known as Vivendi Universal. Afterward, Universal Pictures acquired the United States distribution rights of several of StudioCanal's films, such as Mulholland Drive (which received an Oscar nomination) and Brotherhood of the Wolf (which became the second-highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980). Universal Pictures and StudioCanal also co-produced several films, such as Love Actually (an $40 million-budgeted film that eventually grossed $246 million worldwide). In late 2000, the New York Film Academy was permitted to use the Universal Studios backlot for student film projects in an unofficial partnership.

Q1: Who was the head of Seagram?
A1: Edgar Bronfman Jr.
Q2: Who bought the USA cable network from Seagram?
A2: Barry Diller
Q3: Who bought Seagram in June 2000?
A3: Vivendi
Q4: What was the budget of the film Love Actually?
A4: $40 million
Q5: What StudioCanal film received an Academy Award nomination?
A5: Mulholland Drive
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and the Royal Danish Navy. It was discovered that Prussia had recently built defences around the big North German ports, including coastal artillery batteries with Krupp heavy artillery, which with a range of 4,000 yards (3,700 m), had double the range of French naval guns. The French Navy lacked the heavy guns to engage the coastal defences and the topography of the Prussian coast made a seaborne invasion of northern Germany impossible.

Q1: What did Napoleon III plan to relieve pressure from an expected German attack?
A1: invasion of northern Germany
Q2: What country were the French hoping to be allied with?
A2: Denmark
Q3: What military strength could Denmark to France in a war?
A3: the Royal Danish Navy
Q4: What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports?
A4: defences
Q5: What did the French navy lack in engaging coastal defenses?
A5: heavy guns
Title: Architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".

Q1: What is a reactionary thing to limit formalism's meaning to?
A1: art for art's sake
Q2: What sort of quest lacks purpose?
A2: quest for perfection or originality
Q3: What ends up being reduced in quality by this quest?
A3: form
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus, with Mary and John to each side. The ring includes the pope's coat of arms on the inside.[citation needed]

Q1: What does the pope give to a new Cardinal?
A1: a gold ring
Q2: Who decides on the design of the item given to new Cardinals?
A2: the pope
Title: Lancashire
Topic: Geography and places

To the east of the county are upland areas leading to the Pennines. North of the Ribble is Beacon Fell Country Park and the Forest of Bowland, another AONB. Much of the lowland in this area is devoted to dairy farming and cheesemaking, whereas the higher ground is more suitable for sheep, and the highest ground is uncultivated moorland. The valleys of the River Ribble and its tributary the Calder form a large gap to the west of the Pennines, overlooked by Pendle Hill. Most of the larger Lancashire towns are in these valleys South of the Ribble are the West Pennine Moors and the Forest of Rossendale where former cotton mill towns are in deep valleys. The Lancashire Coalfield, largely in modern-day Greater Manchester, extended into Merseyside and to Ormskirk, Chorley, Burnley and Colne in Lancashire.

Q1: What is most of the lowland in the county devoted to?
A1: dairy farming and cheesemaking
Q2: What is the higer ground in the county devoted to?
A2: sheep
Q3: What is in the highest ground?
A3: uncultivated moorland
Q4: Where is the Lancashire Coalfield located?
A4: modern-day Greater Manchester
Q5: where is Beacon Fell County Park located?
A5: North of the Ribble
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s British colonial officials attempted, through various administrative development efforts, to make up for past neglect, the protectorate stagnated. The disparity between the two territories in economic development and political experience would cause serious difficulties when it came time to integrate the two parts. Meanwhile, in 1948, under pressure from their World War II allies and to the dismay of the Somalis, the British "returned" the Haud (an important Somali grazing area that was presumably 'protected' by British treaties with the Somalis in 1884 and 1886) and the Ogaden to Ethiopia, based on a treaty they signed in 1897 in which the British ceded Somali territory to the Ethiopian Emperor Menelik in exchange for his help against plundering by Somali clans. Britain included the proviso that the Somali nomads would retain their autonomy, but Ethiopia immediately claimed sovereignty over them. This prompted an unsuccessful bid by Britain in 1956 to buy back the Somali lands it had turned over. Britain also granted administration of the almost exclusively Somali-inhabited Northern Frontier District (NFD) to Kenyan nationalists despite an informal plebiscite demonstrating the overwhelming desire of the region's population to join the newly formed Somali Republic.

Q1: Along with the Haud, what area of Somalia was given to Ethiopia by the British?
A1: the Ogaden
Q2: In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia?
A2: 1948
Q3: The Ogaden was given to Ethiopia on the basis of a treaty signed by the British with what Ethiopian leader?
A3: Emperor Menelik
Q4: In what year did Britain try to purchase Somali lands from Ethiopia?
A4: 1956
Q5: What people constituted almost the entire population of the Northern Frontier District?
A5: Somali
Title: Geological_history_of_Earth
Topic: Natural sciences

To the north of Africa the Tethys Sea continued to narrow. Broad shallow seas advanced across central North America (the Western Interior Seaway) and Europe, then receded late in the period, leaving thick marine deposits sandwiched between coal beds. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression, one-third of Earth's present land area was submerged. The Cretaceous is justly famous for its chalk; indeed, more chalk formed in the Cretaceous than in any other period in the Phanerozoic. Mid-ocean ridge activity—or rather, the circulation of seawater through the enlarged ridges—enriched the oceans in calcium; this made the oceans more saturated, as well as increased the bioavailability of the element for calcareous nanoplankton. These widespread carbonates and other sedimentary deposits make the Cretaceous rock record especially fine. Famous formations from North America include the rich marine fossils of Kansas's Smoky Hill Chalk Member and the terrestrial fauna of the late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation. Other important Cretaceous exposures occur in Europe and China. In the area that is now India, massive lava beds called the Deccan Traps were laid down in the very late Cretaceous and early Paleocene.

Q1: During the height of the Cretaceous transgression how much of the earths land mass was under water?
A1: one-third
Q2: What type of rock was the Cretaceous notable for forming the most amount of?
A2: Phanerozoic
Q3: The Cretaceous is a part of which geologic era?
A3: Phanerozoic
Q4: Where can one find the Smoky Hill Chalk Member?
A4: North America
Q5: Where are the Deccan Traps?
A5: India
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

To the north of China proper, the nomadic Xiongnu chieftain Modu Chanyu (r. 209–174 BC) conquered various tribes inhabiting the eastern portion of the Eurasian Steppe. By the end of his reign, he controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Tarim Basin, subjugating over twenty states east of Samarkand. Emperor Gaozu was troubled about the abundant Han-manufactured iron weapons traded to the Xiongnu along the northern borders, and he established a trade embargo against the group. Although the embargo was in place, the Xiongnu found traders willing to supply their needs. Chinese forces also mounted surprise attacks against Xiongnu who traded at the border markets. In retaliation, the Xiongnu invaded what is now Shanxi province, where they defeated the Han forces at Baideng in 200 BC. After negotiations, the heqin agreement in 198 BC nominally held the leaders of the Xiongnu and the Han as equal partners in a royal marriage alliance, but the Han were forced to send large amounts of tribute items such as silk clothes, food, and wine to the Xiongnu.

Q1: Who was the chieftain of the Xiongnu?
A1: Modu Chanyu
Q2: What group had a trade embargo created against them?
A2: the Xiongnu
Q3: In what year were Han forces defeated in Baideng?
A3: 200 BC
Q4: What agreement established equality between the Xiongnu and the Han?
A4: heqin
Q5: What type of clothing were sent as a tribute to the Xiongnu?
A5: silk clothes
Title: Sahara
Topic: Geography and places

To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub ecoregions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. According to the botanical criteria of Frank White and geographer Robert Capot-Rey, the northern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the northern limit of date palm cultivation and the southern limit of the range of esparto, a grass typical of the Mediterranean climate portion of the Maghreb and Iberia. The northern limit also corresponds to the 100 mm (3.9 in) isohyet of annual precipitation.

Q1: What sea is North of the Sahara Desert?
A1: Mediterranean Sea
Title: Somerset
Topic: Geography and places

To the north-east of the Somerset Levels, the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills. The central and western Mendip Hills was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1972 and covers 198 km2 (76 sq mi). The main habitat on these hills is calcareous grassland, with some arable agriculture. To the south-west of the Somerset Levels are the Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956 which is covered in heathland, oak woodlands, ancient parklands with plantations of conifer and covers 99 square kilometres. The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire. To the north of the Mendip hills is the Chew Valley and to the south, on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.

Q1: What area lies in the northeastern part of Somerset levels 
A1: the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills
Q2: What area was Designated to have outstanding beauty 
A2: Quantock Hills which was England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty designated in 1956
Q3: What is the name of the coal field 
A3: The Somerset Coalfield is part of a larger coalfield which stretches into Gloucestershire
Q4: What area support dairy farming 
A4: on the clay substrate, are broad valleys which support dairy farming and drain into the Somerset Levels.
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

To the pope as to all his predecessors, marital relations are much more than a union of two people. They constitute a union of the loving couple with a loving God, in which the two persons create a new person materially, while God completes the creation by adding the soul. For this reason, Paul VI teaches in the first sentence of Humanae vitae that the transmission of human life is a most serious role in which married people collaborate freely and responsibly with God the Creator. This divine partnership, according to Paul VI, does not allow for arbitrary human decisions, which may limit divine providence. The Pope does not paint an overly romantic picture of marriage: marital relations are a source of great joy, but also of difficulties and hardships. The question of human procreation exceeds in the view of Paul VI specific disciplines such as biology, psychology, demography or sociology. The reason for this, according to Paul VI, is that married love takes its origin from God, who "is love". From this basic dignity, he defines his position:

Q1: According to Paul VI  to whom are a  man and woman in union with besides each other?
A1: God
Q2: What does God contribute to a married couple's child?
A2: soul
Q3: Who is considered to be love?
A3: God
Q4: From whom is married love generated?
A4: God
Q5: What type of relations did Paul VI's Humanae VItae discuss?
A5: marital
Title: Sahara
Topic: Geography and places

To the south, the Sahara is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of dry tropical savanna with a summer rainy season that extends across Africa from east to west. The southern limit of the Sahara is indicated botanically by the southern limit of Cornulaca monacantha (a drought-tolerant member of the Chenopodiaceae), or northern limit of Cenchrus biflorus, a grass typical of the Sahel. According to climatic criteria, the southern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the 150 mm (5.9 in) isohyet of annual precipitation (this is a long-term average, since precipitation varies annually).

Q1: What is to the south of the Sahara?
A1: Sahel
Q2: What kind of climate does the Sahel have?
A2: dry tropical
Q3: What is the long term precipitation average of the Sahara?
A3: 150 mm
Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Topic: History

To the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and assumed the title of Grand Duke of Kievan Rus', which was held by the rulers of Vladimir-Suzdal since 1169. His son, Prince Daniil (r. 1238–1264) looked for support from the West. He accepted a crown as a "Rex Rusiae" ("King of Russia") from the Roman papacy, apparently doing so without breaking with Constantinople. In 1370, the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople granted the King of Poland a metropolitan for his Russian subjects. Lithuanian rulers also requested and received a metropolitan for Novagrudok shortly afterwards. Cyprian, a candidate pushed by the Lithuanian rulers, became Metropolitan of Kiev in 1375 and metropolitan of Moscow in 1382; this way the church in the Russian countries was reunited for some time. In 1439, Kiev became the seat of a separate "Metropolitan of Kiev, Galich and all Rus'" for all Greek Orthodox Christians under Polish-Lithuanian rule.

Q1: Which neighbors did Halych develop trade relations with?
A1: Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian
Q2: Who united the two previously separated principalities?
A2: Prince Roman Mstislavich
Q3: In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev?
A3: 1202
Q4: Who became metropolitan in 1370?
A4: Cyprian
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

To the west of the city is Devonport, one of Plymouth's historic quarters. As part of Devonport's millennium regeneration project, the Devonport Heritage Trail has been introduced, complete with over 70 waymarkers outlining the route.

Q1: In what cardinal direction outside Plymouth is Devonport located?
A1: west
Q2: How many waymarkers are present on the Devonport Heritage Trail?
A2: over 70
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in southern Iran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).

Q1: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter?
A1: below zero
Q2: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer?  
A2: 38 °C (100.4 °F)
Q3: The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation?
A3: less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain
Q4: What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges?
A4: 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in)
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

To this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. According to one study, "About 85% of Philippine Aeta women hunt, and they hunt the same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta." Among the Ju'/hoansi people of Namibia, women help men track down quarry. Women in the Australian Martu also primarily hunt small animals like lizards to feed their children and maintain relations with other women.

Q1: How is labor often divided in these groups?
A1: sexual division
Q2: What percentage of Aeta women hunt?
A2: 85%
Q3: What is the success rate of Aeta female hunters?
A3: 31%
Q4: What is the success rate for male Aeta hunters?
A4: 17%
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

To unambiguously specify the date, dual dating or Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are sometimes used with dates. Dual dating uses two consecutive years because of differences in the starting date of the year, or includes both the Julian and Gregorian dates. Old Style and New Style (N.S.) indicate either whether the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (N.S.) even though documents written at the time use a different start of year (O.S.), or whether a date conforms to the Julian calendar (O.S.) rather than the Gregorian (N.S.).

Q1: What does duel dating use to show the date?
A1: two consecutive years
Q2: What is the Old Style date mean?
A2: Julian calendar
Q3: What is N.S. stand for?
A3: New Style
Q4: What are New Style dates?
A4: Gregorian
Q5: Why use two consecutive year dates?
A5: starting date of the year
Title: Group_(mathematics)
Topic: Mathematics

To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions related to groups have to be compatible with the group operation. This compatibility manifests itself in the following notions in various ways. For example, groups can be related to each other via functions called group homomorphisms. By the mentioned principle, they are required to respect the group structures in a precise sense. The structure of groups can also be understood by breaking them into pieces called subgroups and quotient groups. The principle of "preserving structures"—a recurring topic in mathematics throughout—is an instance of working in a category, in this case the category of groups.

Q1: What ideas are used to understand groups beyond symbols?
A1: structural concepts
Q2: What has to be compatible with the group operation?
A2: constructions related to groups
Q3: What concept describes groups that can be related to each other via functions?
A3: group homomorphisms
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the name of Nasser's pan-Arabism. Other coups influenced by Nasser included those that occurred in Iraq in July 1958 and Syria in 1963. Muammar Gaddafi, who overthrew the Libyan monarchy in 1969, considered Nasser his hero and sought to succeed him as "leader of the Arabs". Also in 1969, Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, a supporter of Nasser, took power in Sudan. The Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM) helped spread Nasser's pan-Arabist ideas throughout the Arab world, particularly among the Palestinians, Syrians, and Lebanese, and in South Yemen, the Persian Gulf, and Iraq. While many regional heads of state tried to emulate Nasser, Podeh opined that the "parochialism" of successive Arab leaders "transformed imitation [of Nasser] into parody".

Q1: Who was Algeria's first president, a fervent Nasserist?
A1: Ben Bella
Q2: What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen?
A2: Abdullah al-Sallal
Q3: Which leader considered Nasser his hero?
A3: Muammar Gaddafi
Q4: What leader took power in Sudan and was inspired by Nasser?
A4: Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry
Q5: What organization continued Nasser's philosophies?
A5: Arab Nationalist Movement
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

Tobacco was one of the first major industries to develop after the Civil War. Many farmers grew some tobacco, and the invention of the cigarette made the product especially popular. Winston-Salem is the birthplace of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR), founded by R. J. Reynolds in 1874 as one of 16 tobacco companies in the town. By 1914 it was selling 425 million packs of Camels a year. Today it is the second-largest tobacco company in the U.S. (behind Altria Group). RJR is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., which in turn is 42% owned by British American Tobacco.

Q1: What was one of the first growing industries to develope after the civil war?
A1: Tobacco
Q2: The invention of cigarettes made what popular?
A2: Tobacco
Q3: Winston Salem is the headquarters of what tobacco Company?
A3: R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
Q4: What year was RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company founded?
A4: 1874
Q5: How many packs of camel cigarettes were sold per year in 1914?
A5: 425 million
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

Today Saint Helena has its own currency, the Saint Helena pound, which is at parity with the pound sterling. The government of Saint Helena produces its own coinage and banknotes. The Bank of Saint Helena was established on Saint Helena and Ascension Island in 2004. It has branches in Jamestown on Saint Helena, and Georgetown, Ascension Island and it took over the business of the St. Helena government savings bank and Ascension Island Savings Bank.

Q1: What is the Saint Helena currency?
A1: the Saint Helena pound
Q2: The government of Saint Helena produces it's own what?
A2: coinage and banknotes
Q3: What year was the Bank of Saint Helena established?
A3: 2004
Q4: The Saint Helena pound is at parity with what other currency?
A4: pound sterling
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.

Q1: How can former rivers be recognised presently?
A1: the streets that were built on them follow their shapes
Q2: What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?
A2: Oreto river
Q3: Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?
A3: Papireto river and the Kemonia
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine.

Q1: In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken?
A1: Ukraine
Q2: Surzhyk is a dialect intermediate between the Ukrainian language and what other language?
A2: Russian
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to "nobility". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility.

Q1: What simple word does the term szlachta translate too?
A1: nobility
Q2: What were the non noble land owners referred too as?
A2: szlachta
Q3: Why were the non nobles and nobles referred as the same term?
A3: by courtesy or error
Q4: What does szlachta mainly denote?
A4: old-Commonwealth nobility
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Today, Estonian society encourages liberty and liberalism, with popular commitment to the ideals of the limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption. The Protestant work ethic remains a significant cultural staple, and free education is a highly prized institution. Like the mainstream culture in the other Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread egalitarianism out of practical reasons (see: Everyman's right and universal suffrage), and the ideals of closeness to nature and self-sufficiency (see: summer cottage).

Q1: What virtues does modern Estonian society promote?
A1: liberty and liberalism
Q2: What size and power of government is popular in Estonia?
A2: limited government, discouraging centralised power and corruption
Q3: What is a highly prized fixture of Estonian society?
A3: free education
Q4: What ideal does Estonia hold towards the environment?
A4: closeness to nature
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

Today, Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population, and the Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population (excluding Turkish settlers in the occupied part of the country). Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth; nonetheless, the population of Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828. A large percentage of the population growth since the state's foundation has resulted from annexation of new territories and the influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. About 80% of the population of Greece is urban, with 28% concentrated in the city of Athens

Q1: In the Rupublic of Hellenic who is the ethnic majority and what percentage of the populace do they represent ?
A1: Greeks are the majority ethnic group in the Hellenic Republic, where they constitute 93% of the country's population
Q2: What's the estimated populace of Greeks on the isle of Cyprus ?
A2: Republic of Cyprus where they make up 78% of the island's population
Q3: Are Greeks in danger of contributing vastly to the problem of population control ?
A3: Greek populations have not traditionally exhibited high rates of growth
Q4: Is the Greek populace on a whole increasing or decreasing in numbers ?
A4: Greece has shown regular increase since the country's first census in 1828.
Q5: Where there any significances that contributed to the increase or decrease in population numbers ?
A5: influx of 1.5 million Greek refugees after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism. With approximately 80 million adherents, it constitutes the third most common Protestant confession after historically Pentecostal denominations and Anglicanism. The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represents over 72 million people. Additionally, there are also many smaller bodies such as the International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference, as well as independent churches.

Q1: What is one of the largest Protestant branches with 80 million members?
A1: Lutheranism
Q2: How popular is the branch of Lutheranism?
A2: third
Q3: What is the largest body of Lutheran churches?
A3: The Lutheran World Federation
Q4: How many people belong to the Lutheran World Federation?
A4: over 72 million people
Q5: Name two smaller Lutheran church bodies.
A5: International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference
Title: United_States_dollar
Topic: History

Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The "large-sized notes" issued before 1928 measured 7.42 inches (188 mm) by 3.125 inches (79.4 mm); small-sized notes, introduced that year, measure 6.14 inches (156 mm) by 2.61 inches (66 mm) by 0.0043 inches (0.11 mm). When the current, smaller sized U.S. currency was introduced it was referred to as Philippine-sized currency because the Philippines had previously adopted the same size for its legal currency.

Q1: What are dollar notes made from now adays?
A1: cotton fiber paper
Q2: What is most common paper made of?
A2: wood fiber
Q3: Since 1914, who issues the dollar banknotes?
A3: Federal Reserve
Q4: How long do the current notes measure?
A4: 6.14 inches
Q5: What size currency are the new smaller notes similar to?
A5: Philippine
Title: Christian
Topic: Language and literature

Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, and about 26% live in Europe, 24% of total Christians live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% of the world's Christians live in the Middle east and North Africa. About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christian live as a minority.

Q1: Of all the Christians in the world, how many are Catholic?
A1: half
Q2: Christians are the majority in how many countries and territories in the world today?
A2: 158
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

Today, all humans are classified as belonging to the species Homo sapiens and sub-species Homo sapiens sapiens. However, this is not the first species of homininae: the first species of genus Homo, Homo habilis, are theorized to have evolved in East Africa at least 2 million years ago, and members of this species populated different parts of Africa in a relatively short time. Homo erectus is theorized to have evolved more than 1.8 million years ago, and by 1.5 million years ago had spread throughout Europe and Asia. Virtually all physical anthropologists agree that Archaic Homo sapiens (A group including the possible species H. heidelbergensis, H. rhodesiensis and H. neanderthalensis) evolved out of African Homo erectus ((sensu lato) or Homo ergaster).

Q1: What species do all living humans today belong to?
A1: Homo sapiens
Q2: When is it theorized that Homo habilis evolved in East Africa?
A2: 2 million years ago
Q3: How many millions of years ago had Homo erectus spread throughout Europa and Asia?
A3: 1.5
Q4: Members of what species populated parts of Africa in a relatively short time?
A4: Homo habilis
Q5: What group might have Archaic Homo sapiens evolve out of?
A5: African Homo erectus
Title: Computer_security
Topic: Engineering and technology

Today, computer security comprises mainly "preventive" measures, like firewalls or an exit procedure. A firewall can be defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or a network and another network, such as the Internet, and can be implemented as software running on the machine, hooking into the network stack (or, in the case of most UNIX-based operating systems such as Linux, built into the operating system kernel) to provide real time filtering and blocking. Another implementation is a so-called physical firewall which consists of a separate machine filtering network traffic. Firewalls are common amongst machines that are permanently connected to the Internet.

Q1: Firewalls and exit procedures are considered what?
A1: "preventive" measures
Q2: What is defined as a way of filtering network data between a host or network and another network?
A2: A firewall
Q3: What does a physical firewall consist of?
A3: a separate machine filtering network traffic
Q4: What type of machines normall have a firewall?
A4: permanently connected to the Internet
Q5: What compromises mainly preventative measures?
A5: computer security
Title: Web_browser
Topic: Engineering and technology

Today, most commercial web browsers are paid by search engine companies to make their engine default, or to include them as another option. For example, Google pays Mozilla, the maker of Firefox, to make Google Search the default search engine in Firefox. Mozilla makes enough money from this deal that it does not need to charge users for Firefox. In addition, Google Search is also (as one would expect) the default search engine in Google Chrome. Users searching for websites or items on the Internet would be led to Google's search results page, increasing ad revenue and which funds development at Google and of Google Chrome.

Q1: Which company pays Firefox to make their search engine the default on their browser?
A1: Google
Q2: What other browser has Google as the default search engine?
A2: Chrome
Q3: The increased revenue funds what, in addition to Google?
A3: Google Chrome
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Today, nearly all commonly used video compression methods (e.g., those in standards approved by the ITU-T or ISO) apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT) for spatial redundancy reduction. The DCT that is widely used in this regard was introduced by N. Ahmed, T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao in 1974. Other methods, such as fractal compression, matching pursuit and the use of a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been the subject of some research, but are typically not used in practical products (except for the use of wavelet coding as still-image coders without motion compensation). Interest in fractal compression seems to be waning, due to recent theoretical analysis showing a comparative lack of effectiveness of such methods.

Q1: What do all commonly used video compression methods use?
A1: discrete cosine transform
Q2: What does a DCT do?
A2: spatial redundancy reduction
Q3: What is not used in practical products? 
A3: fractal compression
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Today, thanks to Paris' cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants. The Michelin Guide has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900, awarding its highest award, three stars, to the best restaurants in France. In 2015, of the 29 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, nine are located in Paris. These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine, such as L'Ambroisie in the Place des Vosges, and those which serve non-traditional menus, such as L'Astrance, which combines French and Asian cuisines. Several of France's most famous chefs, including Pierre Gagnaire, Alain Ducasse, Yannick Alléno and Alain Passard, have three-star restaurants in Paris.

Q1: How many restaurants are there today in Paris?
A1: 9,000
Q2: When was the Michelin guide created?
A2: 1900
Q3: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in Paris in 2015?
A3: nine
Q4: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in France in 2015?
A4: 29