LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

In the latter half of the 19th century the locale of South Kensington was developed as "Albertopolis", a cultural and scientific quarter. Three major national museums are there: the Victoria and Albert Museum (for the applied arts), the Natural History Museum and the Science Museum. The National Portrait Gallery was founded in 1856 to house depictions of figures from British history; its holdings now comprise the world's most extensive collection of portraits. The national gallery of British art is at Tate Britain, originally established as an annexe of the National Gallery in 1897. The Tate Gallery, as it was formerly known, also became a major centre for modern art; in 2000 this collection moved to Tate Modern, a new gallery housed in the former Bankside Power Station.

Q1: What is the National Portrait Gallery known for housing?
A1: depictions of figures from British history
Q2: London's Tate Britain and Tate Modern galleries were formerly one entity known as what?
A2: The Tate Gallery
Q3: What cultural and scientific hub was named in honor of Queen Victoria's husband?
A3: Albertopolis
Q4: What London museum was named for an historic Queen of England and her Prince husband?
A4: the Victoria and Albert Museum (for the applied arts)
Q5: What was the original purpose for the construction of the Tate Gallery?
A5: as an annexe of the National Gallery
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply network that provided 110 volts direct current to fifty-nine customers in lower Manhattan. Also toward the end of the second industrial revolution, Nikola Tesla made many contributions in the field of electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Q1: Thomas Edison is credited with?
A1: the creation of the first industrial research laboratory
Q2: What Did Thomas Edison switch to in 1882?
A2: the world's first large-scale electrical supply network
Q3: How many volts did Thomas Edison's electrical supply provide?
A3: 110 volts
Q4: How many customers were supplied by Thomas Edison's electrical supply network?
A4: fifty-nine
Q5: Where was Thomas Edison's electrical supply network located?
A5: lower Manhattan
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

In the lead up to the Iraq War, Kerry said on October 9, 2002; "I will be voting to give the President of the United States the authority to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein because I believe that a deadly arsenal of weapons of mass destruction in his hands is a real and grave threat to our security." Bush relied on that resolution in ordering the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Kerry also gave a January 23, 2003 speech to Georgetown University saying "Without question, we need to disarm Saddam Hussein. He is a brutal, murderous dictator; leading an oppressive regime he presents a particularly grievous threat because he is so consistently prone to miscalculation. So the threat of Saddam Hussein with weapons of mass destruction is real." Kerry did, however, warn that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war: "Mr. President, do not rush to war, take the time to build the coalition, because it's not winning the war that's hard, it's winning the peace that's hard."

Q1: When did Kerry say he intended to support the Iraq War?
A1: October 9, 2002
Q2: When did Bush declare the Iraq war?
A2: 2003
Q3: Who did Kerry say we should disarm?
A3: Saddam Hussein
Q4: When did Kerry speak at Georgetown University?
A4: January 23, 2003
Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In the light of Mother F. A. Forbes research and reference to Pope Saint Gregory's writings, it would appear that Athanasius was constrained to be Bishop: She writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops of the Church assembled to elect their new Patriarch, the whole Catholic population surrounded the church, holding up their hands to Heaven and crying; "Give us Athanasius!" The Bishops had nothing better. Athanasius was thus elected, as Gregory tells us..." (Pope Gregory I, would have full access to the Vatican Archives).

Q1: What did he do when he thought he might be made Bishop?
A1: fled
Q2: Who did the Catholics of Alexandria want as their Bishop?
A2: "Give us Athanasius!"
Q3: Was there someone else that was preferred as Bishop?
A3: The Bishops had nothing better
Q4: When did Alexander ask to see Athanasius? 
A4: on his death-bed
Title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

In the longer run, however, with the NES near its end of its life many third-party publishers such as Electronic Arts supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games.

Q1: With the NES at its end, which competing consoles with less strict licensing terms were supported?
A1: Sega Genesis and then the PlayStation
Q2: Who was an example of a 3rd party publisher?
A2: Electronic Arts
Q3: Nintendo relied primarily on what for its support?
A3: first-party games
Q4: Rivals in what self-identified era enjoyed much stronger 3rd party support?
A4: post-SNES era
Title: Presbyterianism
Topic: History

In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra

Q1: What year was the largest Presbyterian denomination brought to Mizoram?
A1: 1894
Q2: Before Mizoram, what was the name of the group of  missionaries that  ventured into east india?
A2: Welsh Presbyterians
Q3: Where did the Welsh Presbyterians build there first church?
A3: Sohra
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

In the martial arts, Faisal Jeylani Aweys and Mohamed Deq Abdulle also took home a silver medal and fourth place, respectively, at the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup in Tongeren. The Somali National Olympic committee has devised a special support program to ensure continued success in future tournaments. Additionally, Mohamed Jama has won both world and European titles in K1 and Thai Boxing.

Q1: Who came in fourth in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup?
A1: Mohamed Deq Abdulle
Q2: What medal did Faisal Jeylani Aweys win in the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup?
A2: silver
Q3: Where did the 2013 Open World Taekwondo Challenge Cup take place?
A3: Tongeren
Q4: Along with Thai Boxing, in what has Mohamed Jama won a European title?
A4: K1
Title: Madrasa
Topic: Language and literature

In the medieval Islamic world, an elementary school was known as a maktab, which dates back to at least the 10th century. Like madaris (which referred to higher education), a maktab was often attached to an endowed mosque. In the 11th century, the famous Persian Islamic philosopher and teacher Ibn Sīnā (known as Avicenna in the West), in one of his books, wrote a chapter about the maktab entitled "The Role of the Teacher in the Training and Upbringing of Children," as a guide to teachers working at maktab schools. He wrote that children can learn better if taught in classes instead of individual tuition from private tutors, and he gave a number of reasons for why this is the case, citing the value of competition and emulation among pupils, as well as the usefulness of group discussions and debates. Ibn Sīnā described the curriculum of a maktab school in some detail, describing the curricula for two stages of education in a maktab school.

Q1: When were the first recorded Islamic elementary schools?
A1: 10th century
Q2: What term refers to Islamic elementary schools?
A2: maktab
Q3: Who wrote a training guide for Islamic maktab teachers?
A3: Ibn Sīnā
Q4: What did Ibn Sina prefer over private tutors?
A4: classes
Q5: How many component of education did Ibn Sina describe in their teachings?
A5: two
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

In the medieval Middle Eastern world, the physicist and Islamic scholar, Al-Farabi (Alpharabius, 872–950), conducted a small experiment concerning the existence of vacuum, in which he investigated handheld plungers in water.[unreliable source?] He concluded that air's volume can expand to fill available space, and he suggested that the concept of perfect vacuum was incoherent. However, according to Nader El-Bizri, the physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen, 965–1039) and the Mu'tazili theologians disagreed with Aristotle and Al-Farabi, and they supported the existence of a void. Using geometry, Ibn al-Haytham mathematically demonstrated that place (al-makan) is the imagined three-dimensional void between the inner surfaces of a containing body. According to Ahmad Dallal, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī also states that "there is no observable evidence that rules out the possibility of vacuum". The suction pump later appeared in Europe from the 15th century.

Q1: Al-Farabi concluded a perfect vacuum was incoherent using what?
A1: handheld plungers in water.
Q2: Ibn al-Haytham used geometry to demonstrate  what?
A2: place (al-makan) is the imagined three-dimensional void between the inner surfaces of a containing body
Q3: who stated that there was no evidence to rule out a vacuum?
A3: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
Q4: what did Al-Farabi say expanded to fill available space
A4: air's volume
Q5: What type of pump appeared in the 15th century?
A5: suction pump
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the line of Via Cavour. At this north-east corner there was a defence, Castello a Mare, to protect the port at La Cala. A huge chain was used to block La Cala with the other end at S Maria della Catena (St Mary of the Chain). The sea-side wall was along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the northern side of Via Abramo Lincoln, continues along Corso Tukory. The wall turns north approximately on Via Benedetto, to Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porta Nuova. Source: Palermo - City Guide by Adriana Chirco, 1998, Dario Flaccovio Editore.

Q1: What was the purpose of Castello a Mare?
A1: to protect the port at La Cala
Q2: What was used to block passage through the La Cala port?
A2: A huge chain
Q3: During which historical period was the wall circuit expanded?
A3: medieval
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.

Q1: What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?
A1: Glorious Revolution
Q2: What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power?
A2: Bill of Rights
Q3: What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights?
A3: House of Commons
Title: Post-punk
Topic: Music

In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music. Midwestern groups such as Pere Ubu and Devo drew inspiration from the region's derelict industrial environments, employing conceptual art techniques, musique concrète and unconventional verbal styles that would presage the post-punk movement by several years. A variety of subsequent groups, including New York-based Talking Heads and Boston-based Mission of Burma, combined elements of punk with art school sensibilities. In 1978, the former band began a series of collaborations with British ambient pioneer and ex-Roxy Music member Brian Eno, experimenting with Dada-influenced lyrical techniques, dance music, and African polyrhythms. San Francisco's vibrant post-punk scene was centered around such groups as Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon, who incorporated multimedia experimentation, film and ideas from Antonin Artaud's Theater of Cruelty.

Q1: What nationality began birthing groups who expanded the vocabulary of punk music?
A1: American
Q2: From what region did the group Devo originate? 
A2: Midwestern
Q3: Where was the band Talking Heads based out of?
A3: New York
Q4: Who did the Talking Heads begin a series of collaborations with in 1978?
A4: Brian Eno
Q5: What region's post-punk scene incorporated ideas from Theater of Cruelty?
A5: San Francisco's
Q6: When did the American groups begin to really get in on the post-punk movement?
A6: mid 1970s
Q7: Which American bands had ties to the Manchester punk scene?
A7: Television and Suicide
Q8: What were some Midwestern punk bands?
A8: Pere Ubu and Devo
Q9: What did Pere and Devo draw inspiration for their music from?
A9: derelict industrial environments
Q10: What were groups in San Francisco's post-punk scene?
A10: Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator circuit. Although DVD players were capable of playing Dolby Digital tracks, the signal out of DVD player were not in a modulated form and not compatible with the inputs designed for LaserDisc AC-3. Outboard demodulators were available for a period that convert the AC-3 signal to standard Dolby Digital signal that was compatible with the standard Dolby Digital/PCM inputs on capable AV receivers. Another type marketed by Onkyo and others converted the RF AC-3 signal to 6-channel analog audio.

Q1: What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline?
A1: DVD's growing popularity
Q2: Did all AV receivers carry the demodulator circuits necessary for LaserDiscs, or only high-end models?
A2: higher-end
Q3: What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to?
A3: 6-channel analog audio
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

In the mid-16th century, "botanical gardens" were founded in a number of Italian universities – the Padua botanical garden in 1545 is usually considered to be the first which is still in its original location. These gardens continued the practical value of earlier "physic gardens", often associated with monasteries, in which plants were cultivated for medical use. They supported the growth of botany as an academic subject. Lectures were given about the plants grown in the gardens and their medical uses demonstrated. Botanical gardens came much later to northern Europe; the first in England was the University of Oxford Botanic Garden in 1621. Throughout this period, botany remained firmly subordinate to medicine.

Q1: What was the first botanical garden at an Italian university?
A1: Padua
Q2: Where is the Padua garden?
A2: its original location
Q3: Why did monasteries have gardens?
A3: for medical use
Q4: What science was botany considered to be a part of?
A4: medicine
Q5: Where was the first European botany garden at a university?
A5: University of Oxford
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In the mid-18th century, Paris became the center of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity challenging traditional doctrines and dogmas. The philosophic movement was led by Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued for a society based upon reason rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new civil order based on natural law, and for science based on experiments and observation. The political philosopher Montesquieu introduced the idea of a separation of powers in a government, a concept which was enthusiastically adopted by the authors of the United States Constitution. While the Philosophes of the French Enlightenment were not revolutionaries, and many were members of the nobility, their ideas played an important part in undermining the legitimacy of the Old Regime and shaping the French Revolution.

Q1: Which city in the mid-18th century became the center of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity?
A1: Paris
Q2: Who were the two leaders of Paris' philosophic movement?
A2: Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Q3: Rousseau argued for a society based on what, rather than faith?
A3: reason
Q4: Which philosopher introduced the idea of a separation of powers in government?
A4: Montesquieu
Q5: Montesquieu's ideas were enthusiastically adopted by the authors of what American document?
A5: the United States Constitution
Title: Immunology
Topic: Natural sciences

In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne, formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity. On the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction: "self" constituents (constituents of the body) do not trigger destructive immune responses, while "nonself" entities (e.g., pathogens, an allograft) trigger a destructive immune response. The theory was later modified to reflect new discoveries regarding histocompatibility or the complex "two-signal" activation of T cells. The self/nonself theory of immunity and the self/nonself vocabulary have been criticized, but remain very influential.

Q1: What medical scientist first proposed the clonal selection theory of immunology?
A1: Frank Burnet
Q2: What triggers an immune response according to CST?
A2: self/nonself distinction
Q3: In CST, what triggers a destructive immune response?
A3: "nonself" entities (e.g., pathogens, an allograft)
Q4: What property of T cells caused modification of CST?
A4: the complex "two-signal" activation
Q5: When was clonal selection theory first proposed?
A5: In the mid-1950s
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

In the mid-1980s Lucasfilm pioneered the EditDroid non-linear editing system for film and television based on computer-controlled LaserDisc players. Instead of printing dailies out on film, processed negatives from the day's shoot would be sent to a mastering plant to be assembled from their 10-minute camera elements into 20-minute film segments. These were then mastered onto single-sided blank LaserDiscs, just as a DVD would be burnt at home today, allowing for much easier selection and preparation of an Edit Decision List. In the days before video assist was available in cinematography, this was the only other way a film crew could see their work. The EDL went to the negative cutter who then cut the camera negative accordingly and assembled the finished film. Only 24 EditDroid systems were ever built, even though the ideas and technology are still in use today. Later EditDroid experiments borrowed from hard-drive technology of having multiple discs on the same spindle and added numerous playback heads and numerous electronics to the basic jukebox design so that any point on each of the discs would be accessible within seconds. This eliminated the need for racks and racks of industrial LaserDisc players since EditDroid discs were only single-sided.

Q1: How many EditDroid systems were ever built?
A1: 24
Q2: Were EditDroid discs single or multi-sided?
A2: single-sided
Q3: Which production company engineered the EditDroid machines in the 1980s?
A3: Lucasfilm
Title: Dell
Topic: History

In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary versions of the Unix operating system. Dell's new PowerEdge servers did not require a major investment in proprietary technologies, as they ran Microsoft Windows NT on Intel chips, and could be built cheaper than its competitors. Consequently, Dell's enterprise revenues, almost nonexistent in 1994, accounted for 13 percent of the company's total intake by 1998. Three years later, Dell passed Compaq as the top provider of Intel-based servers, with 31 percent of the market. Dell's first acquisition occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies for $332 million, after Dell had failed to develop an enterprise storage system in-house; ConvergeNet's elegant but complex technology did not fit in with Dell's commodity-producer business model, forcing Dell to write down the entire value of the acquisition.

Q1: What decade did Dell begin to sell things other than PCs?
A1: 1990s
Q2: IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the major providers of what?
A2: servers
Q3: What servers did Dell create that they tried to break into the market with?
A3: PowerEdge
Q4: What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its profit?
A4: 1998
Q5: Which company did Dell exceed as a server provider?
A5: Compaq
Title: Serbo-Croatian
Topic: Language and literature

In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard language. Karadžić standardised the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, and Gaj and Daničić standardized the Croatian Latin alphabet, on the basis of vernacular speech phonemes and the principle of phonological spelling. In 1850 Serbian and Croatian writers and linguists signed the Vienna Literary Agreement, declaring their intention to create a unified standard. Thus a complex bi-variant language appeared, which the Serbs officially called "Serbo-Croatian" or "Serbian or Croatian" and the Croats "Croato-Serbian", or "Croatian or Serbian". Yet, in practice, the variants of the conceived common literary language served as different literary variants, chiefly differing in lexical inventory and stylistic devices. The common phrase describing this situation was that Serbo-Croatian or "Croatian or Serbian" was a single language. During the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the language of all three nations was called "Bosnian" until the death of administrator von Kállay in 1907, at which point the name was changed to "Serbo-Croatian".

Q1: Which dialect did writers and linguists of both Serbian and Croatian backgrounds wish to use as their common standard language?
A1: Shtokavian
Q2: Why was Shtokavian suggested as a common language base?
A2: most widespread dialect
Q3: What 1850 document formally declared the intent to create a unified standard?
A3: Vienna Literary Agreement
Q4: After whose death in 1907 was the "Bosnian" name changed to "Serbo-Creation"?
A4: administrator von Kállay
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born. During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism. These became a formidable military force against the Mughals and later against the Afghan Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later eighteenth century, the Sikhs took control of Punjab and managed to establish the Sikh Empire under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, which lasted from 1799 to 1849. The capital of Ranjit Singh's empire was Lahore, and the empire also extended into Afghanistan and Kashmir. Bhangi Misl was the fist Sikh band to conquer Lahore and other towns of Punjab. Syed Ahmad Barelvi a Muslim, waged jihad and attempted to create an Islamic state with strict enforcement of Islamic law. Syed Ahmad Barelvi in 1821 with many supporters and spent two years organising popular and material support for his Punjab campaign. He carefully developed a network of people through the length and breadth of India to collect funds and encourage volunteers, travelling widely throughout India attracting a following among pious Muslims. In December 1826 Sayyid Ahmad and his followers clashed with Sikh troops at Akora Khattak, but with no decisive result. In a major battle near the town of Balakot in 1831, Sayyid Ahmad and Shah Ismail Shaheed with volunteer Muslims were defeated by the professional Sikh Army.

Q1: When did Sikhism begin?
A1: mid-fifteenth century
Q2: In which empire did many Hindus become Sikhs?
A2: Mughal empire
Q3: When did Ahmad fight at Akora Khattak?
A3: December 1826
Q4: When did Ahmad fight at Balakot?
A4: 1831
Q5: Who won at Balakot?
A5: the professional Sikh Army
Title: Sichuan
Topic: History

In the middle of the 17th century, the peasant rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong (1606–1646) from Yan'an, Shanxi Province, nicknamed Yellow Tiger, led his peasant troop from north China to the south, and conquered Sichuan. Upon capturing it, he declared himself emperor of the Daxi Dynasty (大西王朝). In response to the resistance from local elites, he massacred a large native population. As a result of the massacre as well as years of turmoil during the Ming-Qing transition, the population of Sichuan fell sharply, requiring a massive resettlement of people from the neighboring Huguang Province (modern Hubei and Hunan) and other provinces during the Qing dynasty.

Q1: What was the nickname rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong?
A1: Yellow Tiger
Q2: Which region did Yellow Tiger conquer in the mid-17th century?
A2: Sichuan
Q3: Which dynasty did Yellow Tiger declare himself the emperor of? 
A3: Daxi Dynasty
Q4: Which province supplied a large amount of people to the Sichuan resettlement, following years of turmoil during the Ming-Qing transition?
A4: Huguang Province
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation." According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. "This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent." Heilbrunn believes that the adage, "what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.

Q1: Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?
A1: Radek Sikorski
Q2: What are Germans trying to forget?
A2: Nazi past
Q3: What are Germans trying to focus on?
A3: Prussian history
Q4: Who is Europe's strongest economy?
A4: Germany
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

In the months after the Shenyang conference Peng Dehuai went to Beijing several times to brief Mao and Zhou about the heavy casualties suffered by Chinese troops and the increasing difficulty of keeping the front lines supplied with basic necessities. Peng was convinced that the war would be protracted, and that neither side would be able to achieve victory in the near future. On 24 February 1952, the Military Commission, presided over by Zhou, discussed the PVA's logistical problems with members of various government agencies involved in the war effort. After the government representatives emphasized their inability to meet the demands of the war, Peng, in an angry outburst, shouted: "You have this and that problem... You should go to the front and see with your own eyes what food and clothing the soldiers have! Not to speak of the casualties! For what are they giving their lives? We have no aircraft. We have only a few guns. Transports are not protected. More and more soldiers are dying of starvation. Can't you overcome some of your difficulties?" The atmosphere became so tense that Zhou was forced to adjourn the conference. Zhou subsequently called a series of meetings, where it was agreed that the PVA would be divided into three groups, to be dispatched to Korea in shifts; to accelerate the training of Chinese pilots; to provide more anti-aircraft guns to the front lines; to purchase more military equipment and ammunition from the Soviet Union; to provide the army with more food and clothing; and, to transfer the responsibility of logistics to the central government.

Q1: Who believed that neither side would see a victory at the end of the Korean War?
A1: Peng Dehuai
Q2: What meeting was conducted to discuss the PVA's problems?
A2: the Military Commission,
Q3: What actions were taken to help the PVA?
A3: PVA would be divided into three groups
Q4: Who ended up in charge of logistics as a result of the restructuring of the PVA?
A4: the central government
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

In the months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kwajalein Atoll was the administrative center of the Japanese 6th Fleet Forces Service, whose task was the defense of the Marshall Islands.

Q1: What Japanese fleet was based in the Marshall Islands?
A1: 6th Fleet
Q2: On what atoll was the 6th Fleet Forces Service based?
A2: Kwajalein
Q3: What was the mission of the 6th Fleet Forces Service?
A3: defense of the Marshall Islands
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

In the nearby parish of Stoke Damerel the first dockyard, HMNB Devonport, opened in 1690 on the eastern bank of the River Tamar. Further docks were built here in 1727, 1762 and 1793. The settlement that developed here was called "Dock" or "Plymouth Dock" at the time, and a new town, separate from Plymouth, grew up. In 1712 there were 318 men employed and by 1733 it had grown to a population of 3,000 people.

Q1: In what year was HMNB Davenport established?
A1: 1690
Q2: What river was adjacent to HMNB Davenport?
A2: River Tamar
Q3: How many male workers were present in Plymouth Dock circa 1712?
A3: 318
Q4: What was the 1733 population of Plymouth Dock?
A4: 3,000
Q5: In what parish was HMNB Davenport located?
A5: Stoke Damerel
Title: Hard_rock
Topic: Music

In the new commercial climate glam metal bands like Europe, Ratt, White Lion and Cinderella broke up, Whitesnake went on hiatus in 1991, and while many of these bands would re-unite again in the late 1990s or early 2000s, they never reached the commercial success they saw in the 1980s or early 1990s. Other bands such as Mötley Crüe and Poison saw personnel changes which impacted those bands' commercial viability during the decade. In 1995 Van Halen released Balance, a multi-platinum seller that would be the band's last with Sammy Hagar on vocals. In 1996 David Lee Roth returned briefly and his replacement, former Extreme singer Gary Cherone, was fired soon after the release of the commercially unsuccessful 1998 album Van Halen III and Van Halen would not tour or record again until 2004. Guns N' Roses' original lineup was whittled away throughout the decade. Drummer Steven Adler was fired in 1990, guitarist Izzy Stradlin left in late 1991 after recording Use Your Illusion I and II with the band. Tensions between the other band members and lead singer Axl Rose continued after the release of the 1993 covers album The Spaghetti Incident? Guitarist Slash left in 1996, followed by bassist Duff McKagan in 1997. Axl Rose, the only original member, worked with a constantly changing lineup in recording an album that would take over fifteen years to complete.

Q1: What was Van Halen's last album with Sammy Hagar?
A1: Balance
Q2: Who was the Guns N Roses drummer who was fired by the band?
A2: Steven Adler
Q3: What former member of Extreme briefly served as the lead singer for Van Halen?
A3: Gary Cherone
Q4: Who was the only original member left in Guns N Roses?
A4: Axl Rose
Q5: Slash left Guns N Roses in what year?
A5: 1996
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

In the next centuries, Armenia was in the Persian Empire's sphere of influence during the reign of Tiridates I, the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, which itself was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Throughout its history, the kingdom of Armenia enjoyed both periods of independence and periods of autonomy subject to contemporary empires. Its strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples, including the Assyrians (under Ashurbanipal, at around 669–627 BC, the boundaries of the Assyrian Empire reached as far as Armenia & the Caucasus Mountains), Medes, Achaemenid Persians, Greeks, Parthians, Romans, Sassanid Persians, Byzantines, Arabs, Seljuks, Mongols, Ottomans, successive Iranian Safavids, Afsharids, and Qajars, and the Russians.

Q1: Who established the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia?
A1: Tiridates I
Q2: What made Armenia so easily invadable?
A2: strategic location between two continents
Q3: Who ruled the Assyrians between 669-627 BC?
A3: Ashurbanipal
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In the next century which is the beginning of the Classical period, it was considered that beauty in visible things as in everything else, consisted of symmetry and proportions. The artists tried also to represent motion in a specific moment (Myron), which may be considered as the reappearance of the dormant Minoan element. Anatomy and geometry are fused in one, and each does something to the other. The Greek sculptors tried to clarify it by looking for mathematical proportions, just as they sought some reality behind appearances. Polykleitos in his Canon wrote that beauty consists in the proportion not of the elements (materials), but of the parts, that is the interrelation of parts with one another and with the whole. It seems that he was influenced by the theories of Pythagoras. The famous Apollo of Mantua and its variants are early forms of the Apollo Citharoedus statue type, in which the god holds the cithara in his left arm. The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic. The Apollo held the cythara against his extended left arm, of which in the Louvre example, a fragment of one twisting scrolling horn upright remains against his biceps.

Q1: Who wrote that beauty consists in the proportion not of the elements?
A1: Polykleitos
Q2: In what type of art does the god hold the cithara in his left arm?
A2: Apollo Citharoedus statue type
Q3: What type of art is modeled after a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th Century BCE.
A3: neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.

Q1: In 1609 the charter was renewed for what period of time?
A1: indefinite
Q2: what would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least 3 years?
A2: charter would cease to be in force
Q3: why did King James I licence other trading companies from england?
A3: high profits
Q4: Where was the first factory in south India?
A4: Machilipatnam
Q5: What initially moved King James 1 to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England?
A5: high profits
Q6: While the company was  giving an indefinite period when renewing thier charter what clause did King james use to make sure the company stayed profitable
A6: the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.
Q7: how many years did the Merchants of London have to become profitabl when their charter was renewed by king james?
A7: three consecutive years
Title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Topic: Art and architecture

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938. A member of the RIBA, Lionel Bailey Budden, then Associate Professor in the Liverpool University School of Architecture, had contributed the article on Architectural Education published in the fourteenth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929). His School, Liverpool, was one of the twenty schools named for the purpose of constituting the statutory Board of Architectural Education when the 1931 Act was passed.

Q1: What organization was the Royal Institute instrumental in establishing?
A1: the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom
Q2: Which items of legislation did the Royal Institute play a large role in promoting?
A2: the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938
Q3: Where did Lional Bailey Budden teach?
A3: the Liverpool University School of Architecture
Q4: What major compendium did Budden help write an article for?
A4: Encyclopædia Britannica
Q5: How many schools formed the Board of Architectural Education?
A5: twenty
Title: Edmund_Burke
Topic: History

In the nineteenth century Burke was praised by both liberals and conservatives. Burke's friend Philip Francis wrote that Burke "was a man who truly & prophetically foresaw all the consequences which would rise from the adoption of the French principles" but because Burke wrote with so much passion, people were doubtful of his arguments. William Windham spoke from the same bench in the House of Commons as Burke had, when he had separated from Fox, and an observer said Windham spoke "like the ghost of Burke" when he made a speech against peace with France in 1801. William Hazlitt, a political opponent of Burke, regarded him as amongst his three favourite writers (the others being Junius and Rousseau), and made it "a test of the sense and candour of any one belonging to the opposite party, whether he allowed Burke to be a great man". William Wordsworth was originally a supporter of the French Revolution and attacked Burke in 'A Letter to the Bishop of Llandaff' (1793), but by the early nineteenth century he had changed his mind and came to admire Burke. In his Two Addresses to the Freeholders of Westmorland Wordsworth called Burke "the most sagacious Politician of his age" whose predictions "time has verified". He later revised his poem The Prelude to include praise of Burke ("Genius of Burke! forgive the pen seduced/By specious wonders") and portrayed him as an old oak. Samuel Taylor Coleridge came to have a similar conversion: he had criticised Burke in The Watchman, but in his Friend (1809–10) Coleridge defended Burke from charges of inconsistency. Later, in his Biographia Literaria (1817) Coleridge hails Burke as a prophet and praises Burke for referring "habitually to principles. He was a scientific statesman; and therefore a seer". Henry Brougham wrote of Burke: "... all his predictions, save one momentary expression, had been more than fulfilled: anarchy and bloodshed had borne sway in France; conquest and convulsion had desolated Europe...the providence of mortals is not often able to penetrate so far as this into futurity". George Canning believed that Burke's Reflections "has been justified by the course of subsequent events; and almost every prophecy has been strictly fulfilled". In 1823 Canning wrote that he took Burke's "last works and words [as] the manual of my politics". The Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli "was deeply penetrated with the spirit and sentiment of Burke's later writings".

Q1: Who thought Burke was prophetic about the French revolution's consequences?
A1: Philip Francis
Q2: What did Francis think Burke's writing had too much of?
A2: passion
Q3: Who made speeches very similar to Burke's in Parliament?
A3: William Windham
Q4: When did Windham speak against peace with France?
A4: 1801
Q5: When did Wordsworth initially attack Burke?
A5: 1793
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

In the north Eristov pushed southwest, fought two battles, forced the Turks back to Batum, retired behind the Cholok River and suspended action for the rest of the year (June). In the far south Wrangel pushed west, fought a battle and occupied Bayazit. In the center the main forces stood at Kars and Gyumri. Both slowly approached along the Kars-Gyumri road and faced each other, neither side choosing to fight (June–July). On 4 August Russian scouts saw a movement which they thought was the start of a withdrawal, the Russians advanced and the Turks attacked first. They were defeated, losing 8000 men to the Russian 3000. 10000 irregulars deserted to their villages. Both sides withdrew to their former positions. About this time the Persians made a semi-secret agreement to remain neutral in exchange for the cancellation of the indemnity from the previous war.

Q1: Who make the Turks retreat back to Batum?
A1: Eristov
Q2: Who occupied Bayazit?
A2: Wrangel
Q3: Where did the main forces stand?
A3: Kars and Gyumri
Q4: On August 4th, who thought the other side was withdrawing? 
A4: the Russians
Q5: Who made a secret agreement to remain neutral?
A5: the Persians
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

In the north, substantial efforts were made against Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Sunderland, which were large ports on the English east coast. On 9 April 1941 Luftflotte 2 dropped 150 tons of high explosives and 50,000 incendiaries from 120 bombers in a five-hour attack. Sewer, rail, docklands, and electric installations were damaged. In Sunderland on 25 April, Luftflotte 2 sent 60 bombers which dropped 80 tons of high explosive and 9,000 incendiaries. Much damage was done. A further attack on the Clyde, this time at Greenock, took place on 6 and 7 May. However, as with the attacks in the south, the Germans failed to prevent maritime movements or cripple industry in the regions.

Q1: What were two large ports on the English east coast in the North?
A1: Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Sunderland
Q2: How many bombers were used in a five-hour attack?
A2: 120
Q3: Sunderland saw how many incendiaries used against it on 25 April?
A3: 9,000 incendiaries
Q4: What was the result of the German attacks?
A4: the Germans failed to prevent maritime movements or cripple industry in the regions
Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Topic: History

In the north, the Republic of Novgorod prospered because it controlled trade routes from the River Volga to the Baltic Sea. As Kievan Rus' declined, Novgorod became more independent. A local oligarchy ruled Novgorod; major government decisions were made by a town assembly, which also elected a prince as the city's military leader. In the 12th century, Novgorod acquired its own archbishop Ilya in 1169, a sign of increased importance and political independence, while about 30 years prior to that in 1136 in Novgorod was established a republican form of government - elective monarchy. Since then Novgorod enjoyed a wide degree of autonomy although being closely associated with the Kievan Rus.

Q1: Why was the Republic of Novgorod doing so well while the Kievan Rus declined?
A1: it controlled trade routes
Q2: What happened to Novgorod when Kievan Rus began to decline?
A2: became more independent
Q3: In what year did Novgorod aquire its own archbishop?
A3: 1169
Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Topic: History

In the northeast, Slavs from the Kievan region colonized the territory that later would become the Grand Duchy of Moscow by subjugating and merging with the Finnic tribes already occupying the area. The city of Rostov, the oldest centre of the northeast, was supplanted first by Suzdal and then by the city of Vladimir, which become the capital of Vladimir-Suzdal'. The combined principality of Vladimir-Suzdal asserted itself as a major power in Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century. In 1169 Prince Andrey Bogolyubskiy of Vladimir-Suzdal sacked the city of Kiev and took over the title of the (Великий Князь/Velikiy Knyaz/Grand Prince or Grand Duke) to Vladimir, this way claiming the primacy in Rus'. Prince Andrey then installed his younger brother, who ruled briefly in Kiev while Andrey continued to rule his realm from Suzdal. In 1299, in the wake of the Mongol invasion, the metropolitan moved from Kiev to the city of Vladimir and Vladimir-Suzdal.

Q1: The Slavs from Kievan would eventually settle in the North East of the region, What would this region later become?
A1: Grand Duchy of Moscow
Q2: What was the name of the oldest city in the north east?
A2: Rostov
Q3: In what year did the mongol invasion begin?
A3: In 1299