LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

By the end of May, drafts were formally presented. In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started. The discussion was focused on potential guarantees to central and east European countries should a German aggression arise. The USSR proposed to consider that a political turn towards Germany by the Baltic states would constitute an "indirect aggression" towards the Soviet Union. Britain opposed such proposals, because they feared the Soviets' proposed language could justify a Soviet intervention in Finland and the Baltic states, or push those countries to seek closer relations with Germany. The discussion about a definition of "indirect aggression" became one of the sticking points between the parties, and by mid-July, the tripartite political negotiations effectively stalled, while the parties agreed to start negotiations on a military agreement, which the Soviets insisted must be entered into simultaneously with any political agreement.

Q1: Who predicted soviet aggression in the Baltic region?
A1: Britain
Q2: What month did the Tripartite discussions begin between Britain, USSR and France?
A2: mid-June
Q3: Which country is blamed for the Tripartite discussion to stagnate and fail?
A3: the Soviets
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity. The Left Bank was the site of the University of Paris, a corporation of students and teachers formed in the mid-12th century to train scholars first in theology, and later in canon law, medicine and the arts.

Q1: What was the site of the royal palace in the 12th century?
A1: Île de la Cité
Q2: Who was in charge of the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral?
A2: Maurice de Sully
Q3: Where was the University of Paris located?
A3: The Left Bank
Q4: Under who's reign was the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral?
A4: Louis VII
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

By the end of the 12th century, samurai became almost entirely synonymous with bushi, and the word was closely associated with the middle and upper echelons of the warrior class. The samurai were usually associated with a clan and their lord, were trained as officers in military tactics and grand strategy, and they followed a set of rules that later came to be known as the bushidō. While the samurai numbered less than 10% of then Japan's population, their teachings can still be found today in both everyday life and in modern Japanese martial arts.

Q1: What did samurai mean nearly the same thing as?
A1: bushi
Q2: What were samurai affiliated with?
A2: a clan
Q3: How much of Japan were samurais?
A3: less than 10%
Q4: Where do samurais' teachings live on?
A4: everyday life and in modern Japanese martial arts
Q5: What class were samurais?
A5: middle and upper echelons of the warrior class
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

By the end of the 17th century, the Chinese economy had recovered from the devastation caused by the wars in which the Ming dynasty were overthrown, and the resulting breakdown of order. In the following century, markets continued to expand as in the late Ming period, but with more trade between regions, a greater dependence on overseas markets and a greatly increased population. After the re-opening of the southeast coast, which had been closed in the late 17th century, foreign trade was quickly re-established, and was expanding at 4% per annum throughout the latter part of the 18th century. China continued to export tea, silk and manufactures, creating a large, favorable trade balance with the West. The resulting inflow of silver expanded the money supply, facilitating the growth of competitive and stable markets.

Q1: What did China export?
A1: tea, silk and manufactures
Q2: What did the Chinese get paid for their goods?
A2: silver
Q3: When did the Chinese economy finally recover after the wars with the Mings?
A3: end of the 17th century
Title: Pub
Topic: History

By the end of the 18th century a new room in the pub was established: the saloon.[citation needed] Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport.[citation needed] Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr Ball that had a duck pond at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks. More common, however, was a card room or a billiard room.[citation needed] The saloon was a room where for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table.[citation needed] From this came the popular music hall form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.[citation needed] A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in The Eagle, City Road, which is still famous because of a nursery rhyme: "Up and down the City Road / In and out The Eagle / That's the way the money goes / Pop goes the weasel." This meant that the customer had spent all his money at The Eagle, and needed to pawn his "weasel" to get some more. The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or rhyming slang for a coat (weasel and stoat).

Q1: What street in Islington was named for a pub run by Mr Ball?
A1: Balls Pond Road
Q2: On what street was the Grecian Saloon located?
A2: City Road
Q3: What pub was the home of the Grecian Saloon?
A3: The Eagle
Q4: What is rhyming slang for 'coat'?
A4: weasel
Q5: In what century did saloons become established?
A5: 18th
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

By the end of the 18th century the population had risen to 300 million from approximately 150 million during the late Ming dynasty. The dramatic rise in population was due to several reasons, including the long period of peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops China received from the Americas, including peanuts, sweet potatoes and maize. New species of rice from Southeast Asia led to a huge increase in production. Merchant guilds proliferated in all of the growing Chinese cities and often acquired great social and even political influence. Rich merchants with official connections built up huge fortunes and patronized literature, theater and the arts. Textile and handicraft production boomed.

Q1: What was China's population at the end of the 18th century?
A1: 300 million
Q2: What were the reasons for the population explosion during the 18th century?
A2: peace and stability in the 18th century and the import of new crops
Q3: What crops were imported?
A3: peanuts, sweet potatoes and maize. New species of rice
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

By the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.[E] The Eastern Roman Empire, often referred to as the Byzantine Empire after the fall of its western counterpart, had little ability to assert control over the lost western territories. The Byzantine emperors maintained a claim over the territory, but none of the new kings in the west dared to elevate himself to the position of emperor of the west, Byzantine control of most of the Western Empire could not be sustained; the reconquest of the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean periphery by Justinian (r. 527–565) was the sole, and temporary, exception.

Q1: Who was the last Western Roman Emperor?
A1: Romulus Augustus
Q2: When did the reign of the last Western Roman Emperor end?
A2: 476
Q3: What is another name for the Eastern Roman Empire?
A3: Byzantine Empire
Q4: What Eastern Roman Emperor reconquered Italy?
A4: Justinian
Q5: When did Justinian's reign end?
A5: 565
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hill which became known as the "Mountain of Martyrs" (Mons Martyrum), eventually "Montmartre". His burial place became an important religious shrine; the Basilica of Saint-Denis was built there and became the burial place of the French Kings.

Q1: What was Paris known as in Latin?
A1: Parisius
Q2: In what century was Christianity introduced?
A2: 3rd
Q3: Who brought Christianity to Paris?
A3: Saint Denis
Q4: What is the name of Saint Denis burial place?
A4: Basilica of Saint-Denis
Q5: Where was Saint Denis beheaded?
A5: Mountain of Martyrs
Title: Hard_rock
Topic: Music

By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror. All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often "darker and more menacing", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music.

Q1: Led Zeppelin's first two albums both came out in what year?
A1: 1969
Q2: What was the title of Deep Purple's hard rock 1970 album?
A2: In Rock
Q3: Black Sabbath's lyrics contained references to what cultural touchstones?
A3: occult and elements of Gothic horror
Q4: What is the title of Black Sabbath's 1970 album?
A4: Paranoid
Q5: What is one band directly influenced by Black Sabbath?
A5: Judas Priest
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

By the end of the early modern period, the structure and orientation of higher education had changed in ways that are eminently recognizable for the modern context. Aristotle was no longer a force providing the epistemological and methodological focus for universities and a more mechanistic orientation was emerging. The hierarchical place of theological knowledge had for the most part been displaced and the humanities had become a fixture, and a new openness was beginning to take hold in the construction and dissemination of knowledge that were to become imperative for the formation of the modern state.

Q1: At the end of what period would universities become alike to contemporary universities?
A1: the end of the early modern period
Q2: What type of focus did universities have at the end of the early modern period?
A2: mechanistic
Q3: What replaced theological studies in universities at the completion of the early modern period?
A3: humanities
Q4: The change in universities towards the completion of the early modern period is credited with the formation of what entity?
A4: the modern state
Q5: The study of the humanities at the end of the early modern period replaced the study of the work of what individual?
A5: Aristotle
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

By the end of the month, the Peloponnese was in open revolt against the Ottomans and by October 1821 the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis had captured Tripolitsa. The Peloponnesian revolt was quickly followed by revolts in Crete, Macedonia and Central Greece, which would soon be suppressed. Meanwhile, the makeshift Greek navy was achieving success against the Ottoman navy in the Aegean Sea and prevented Ottoman reinforcements from arriving by sea. In 1822 and 1824 the Turks and Egyptians ravaged the islands, including Chios and Psara, committing wholesale massacres of the population. This had the effect of galvanizing public opinion in western Europe in favor of the Greek rebels.[page needed]

Q1: In what year did the Greeks take Tripolitsa?
A1: 1821
Q2: Who was the leader of the Greek revolt in 1821?
A2: Theodoros Kolokotronis
Q3: The Greek and Ottoman Navy fought in which waters?
A3: Aegean Sea
Q4: Turks and Egyptians attacked Greek island in what years?
A4: 1822 and 1824
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

By the end of the regal period Rome had developed into a city-state, with a large plebeian, artisan class excluded from the old patrician gentes and from the state priesthoods. The city had commercial and political treaties with its neighbours; according to tradition, Rome's Etruscan connections established a temple to Minerva on the predominantly plebeian Aventine; she became part of a new Capitoline triad of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, installed in a Capitoline temple, built in an Etruscan style and dedicated in a new September festival, Epulum Jovis. These are supposedly the first Roman deities whose images were adorned, as if noble guests, at their own inaugural banquet.

Q1: At the end of the regal period, what class was kept out of the state political and priesthood arenas?
A1: plebeian
Q2: With whom did Rome have alliances at the end of the regal period?
A2: neighbours
Q3: What goddess became a part of the Capitoline triad?
A3: Minerva
Q4: In what style was the temple to Minerva built?
A4: Etruscan
Q5: What gods were in the Capitoline triad?
A5: Jupiter, Juno and Minerva
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

By the late 1950s, the motion picture business was again changing. The combination of the studio/theater-chain break-up and the rise of television saw the reduced audience size for cinema productions. The Music Corporation of America (MCA), then predominately a talent agency, had also become a powerful television producer, renting space at Republic Studios for its Revue Productions subsidiary. After a period of complete shutdown, a moribund Universal agreed to sell its 360-acre (1.5 km²) studio lot to MCA in 1958, for $11 million, renamed Revue Studios. MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product. The studio lot was upgraded and modernized, while MCA clients like Doris Day, Lana Turner, Cary Grant, and director Alfred Hitchcock were signed to Universal Pictures contracts.

Q1: What acronym was the Music Corporation of America known by?
A1: MCA
Q2: Where did MCA's Revue Productions subsidiary rent space?
A2: Republic Studios
Q3: In square kilometers, how large was the lot Universal sold to MCA?
A3: 1.5
Q4: In what year did Universal sell its 360-acre lot to MCA?
A4: 1958
Q5: How much did MCA pay for Universal's 360-acre lot?
A5: $11 million
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

By the late 1960s, many of the resort's once great hotels were suffering from embarrassing vacancy rates. Most of them were either shut down, converted to cheap apartments, or converted to nursing home facilities by the end of the decade. Prior to and during the advent of legalized gaming, many of these hotels were demolished. The Breakers, the Chelsea, the Brighton, the Shelburne, the Mayflower, the Traymore, and the Marlborough-Blenheim were demolished in the 1970s and 1980s. Of the many pre-casino resorts that bordered the boardwalk, only the Claridge, the Dennis, the Ritz-Carlton, and the Haddon Hall survive to this day as parts of Bally's Atlantic City, a condo complex, and Resorts Atlantic City. The old Ambassador Hotel was purchased by Ramada in 1978 and was gutted to become the Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City, only reusing the steelwork of the original building. Smaller hotels off the boardwalk, such as the Madison also survived.

Q1: By what years were many of the great hotels suffering from high vacancy rates?
A1: the late 1960s
Q2: Prior to and during the advent of legalized gaming, what happened to many of the hotels in Atlantic City?
A2: demolished
Q3: When were many of the large hotels demolished?
A3: 1970s and 1980s
Q4: After the Ambassador Hotel was gutted what did it become?
A4: Tropicana Casino and Resort Atlantic City
Q5: Who purchased the old Ambassador Hotel in 1978?
A5: Ramada
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

By the late 1990s, blue LEDs became widely available. They have an active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN, called cladding layers. By varying the relative In/Ga fraction in the InGaN quantum wells, the light emission can in theory be varied from violet to amber. Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) of varying Al/Ga fraction can be used to manufacture the cladding and quantum well layers for ultraviolet LEDs, but these devices have not yet reached the level of efficiency and technological maturity of InGaN/GaN blue/green devices. If un-alloyed GaN is used in this case to form the active quantum well layers, the device will emit near-ultraviolet light with a peak wavelength centred around 365 nm. Green LEDs manufactured from the InGaN/GaN system are far more efficient and brighter than green LEDs produced with non-nitride material systems, but practical devices still exhibit efficiency too low for high-brightness applications.[citation needed]

Q1: What are cladding layers?
A1: active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN
Q2: How can light emission be varied from violet to amber?
A2: By varying the relative In/Ga fraction in the InGaN quantum wells
Q3: What does AlGaN stand for?
A3: Aluminium gallium nitride
Q4: What LEDs are more efficient when produced from the InGaN/GaN systems than without?
A4: Green
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

By the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the capital Beijing was captured and the Summer Palace sacked by a relatively small Anglo-French coalition force numbering 25,000. The advent of modern weaponry resulting from the European Industrial Revolution had rendered China's traditionally trained and equipped army and navy obsolete. The government attempts to modernize during the Self-Strengthening Movement were initially successful, but yielded few lasting results because of the central government's lack of funds, lack of political will, and unwillingness to depart from tradition.

Q1: When was the Second Opium War?
A1: 1860
Q2: What happened to the Summer Palace?
A2: sacked
Q3: How big was the French-British army?
A3: 25,000
Q4: What was the Qing governments attempt to create a modern socity called?
A4: Self-Strengthening Movement
Title: Dell
Topic: History

By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities. Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in Austin, Texas (original location) and Lebanon, Tennessee (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received US$280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005, but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife. Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's U.S. plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The Miami, Florida, facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in Łodź in Poland.

Q1: What decade did Dell's manufacturing process become less efficient?
A1: 2000s
Q2: What plant did Dell close in Texas?
A2: Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center
Q3: What state was the Dell plant that received $280 million but was later closed?
A3: North Carolina
Q4: What company bought the North Carolina plant from Dell?
A4: Herbalife
Q5: The plant in what US state still remains in operation?
A5: Florida
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority.

Q1: In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power?
A1: president
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

By the late 80s, House had moved West, particularly to San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, Fresno, San Diego and Seattle. Los Angeles saw a huge explosion of underground raves and DJs, notably DJs Marques Wyatt and Billy Long, who spun at Jewel's Catch One, the oldest dance club in America. In 1989, the L.A. based, former EBN-OZN singer/rapper Robert Ozn started indie house label One Voice Records, releasing the Mike "Hitman" Wilson remix of Dada Nada's "Haunted House," which garnered instant club and mix show radio play in Chicago, Detroit and New York as well as in the U.K. and France. The record shot up to Number Five on the Billboard Club Chart, marking it as the first House record by a white artist to chart in the U.S. Dada Nada, the moniker for Ozn's solo act, released in 1990, what has become a classic example of jazz-based Deep House, the Frankie Knuckles and David Morales remix of Dada Nada's "Deep Love" (One Voice Records/US, Polydor/UK), featuring Ozn's lush, crooning vocals and muted trumpet improvisational solos, underscoring Deep House's progression into a genre that integrated jazz and pop songwriting structures – a feature which continued to set it apart from Acid House and Techno.

Q1: where did DJs marques wyatt and billy long become successful?
A1: Los Angeles
Q2: what is the oldest dance club in america?
A2: Jewel's Catch One
Q3: what label did robert ozn start in 1989?
A3: One Voice Records
Q4: one voice records released a remix of what dada nada song in 1989?
A4: Haunted House
Q5: dada nada was the moniker for what artist's solo act?
A5: Ozn
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

By the late Eastern Han period, an early form of semi-cursive script appeared, developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script[c] and simple cursive. This semi-cursive script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng c. 147–188 AD,[d] although such attributions refer to early masters of a script rather than to their actual inventors, since the scripts generally evolved into being over time. Qiu gives examples of early semi-cursive script, showing that it had popular origins rather than being purely Liu’s invention.

Q1: What appeared at the end of the late Eastern Han period?
A1: early form of semi-cursive script
Q2: What script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng?
A2: semi-cursive
Q3: Who showed examples of early semi-cursive script?
A3: Qiu
Title: Gothic_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

By the late Middle Ages university towns had grown in wealth and importance as well, and this was reflected in the buildings of some of Europe's ancient universities. Particularly remarkable examples still standing nowadays include the Collegio di Spagna in the University of Bologna, built during the 14th and 15th centuries; the Collegium Carolinum of the University of Prague in Bohemia; the Escuelas mayores of the University of Salamanca in Spain; the chapel of King's College, Cambridge; or the Collegium Maius of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland.

Q1: In what era had university towns grown in wealth and importance?
A1: the late Middle Ages
Q2: What is the name of the university building in Bologna, built in the 14th and 15th centuries?
A2: the Collegio di Spagna
Q3: What is the name of the building at University of Prague in Bohemia?
A3: the Collegium Carolinum
Q4: What is the name of the secular building at the University of Salamanca in Spain? 
A4: the Escuelas mayores
Q5: What is the name of the secular building at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland?
A5: the Collegium Maius
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

By the late Middle Ages, Buddhism had become virtually extinct in India, although it continued to exist in surrounding countries. It is now again gaining strength worldwide. China and India are now starting to fund Buddhist shrines in various Asian countries as they compete for influence in the region.[web 20]

Q1: China and India are now starting to fund what type of shrines in various Asian countries?
A1: Buddhist
Title: Neoclassical_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

By the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir William Hamilton's excavations at Pompeii and other sites, the influence of the Grand Tour and the work of William Chambers and Robert Adam, was pivotal in this regard. In France, the movement was propelled by a generation of French art students trained in Rome, and was influenced by the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann. The style was also adopted by progressive circles in other countries such as Sweden and Russia.

Q1: What additional influences were incorporated into neoclassical architecture by mid 18th century?
A1: Ancient Greece
Q2: What englishman excavated pompeii?
A2: Sir William Hamilton
Q3: In what city did a generation of French art students study that propelled neoclassical architecture and incorporation broader styles?
A3: Rome
Q4: What other countries adopted the style of neoclassical?
A4: Sweden and Russia.
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress. The minority view of August Weismann, that natural selection was the only mechanism, was called neo-Darwinism. It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views.

Q1: Why did most scientists accept the validity of evolution by the 1870s, but considered natural selection a minor part of it?
A1: they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive.
Q2: What was meant by the term saltationism?
A2: new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation
Q3: What is the term for the belief that species have a tendency to change and adapt in a certain direction?
A3: orthogenesis
Q4: What was the minority view on evolution that was believed by August Weismann?
A4: neo-Darwinism
Q5: What rediscovered inheritance was thought to invalidate Darwin's views on evolution?
A5: Mendelian inheritance
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves. By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century.

Q1: What lucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth?
A1: slave trade
Q2: When did Charles Town become the fourth largest colonial port?
A2: 1770
Q3: Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1708?
A3: slaves
Q4: People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement?
A4: the Great Migration
Q5: When did the Great Migration occur?
A5: the early 20th century
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

By the mid-18th century, the Qing had successfully put outer regions such as Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang under its control. Imperial commissioners and garrisons were sent to Mongolia and Tibet to oversee their affairs. These territories were also under supervision of a central government institution called Lifan Yuan. Qinghai was also put under direct control of the Qing court. Xinjiang, also known as Chinese Turkestan, was subdivided into the regions north and south of the Tian Shan mountains, also known today as Dzungaria and Tarim Basin respectively, but the post of Ili General was established in 1762 to exercise unified military and administrative jurisdiction over both regions. Dzungaria was fully opened to Han migration by the Qianlong Emperor from the beginning. Han migrants were at first forbidden from permanently settling in the Tarim Basin but were the ban was lifted after the invasion by Jahangir Khoja in the 1820s. Likewise, Manchuria was also governed by military generals until its division into provinces, though some areas of Xinjiang and Northeast China were lost to the Russian Empire in the mid-19th century. Manchuria was originally separated from China proper by the Inner Willow Palisade, a ditch and embankment planted with willows intended to restrict the movement of the Han Chinese, as the area was off-limits to civilian Han Chinese until the government started colonizing the area, especially since the 1860s.

Q1: When did Tibet become part of Qing China?
A1: mid-18th century
Q2: What was the main government entity that ran the territories like Tibet?
A2: Lifan Yuan
Q3: What is another name for Chinese Turkestan?
A3: Xinjiang
Q4: Which emperor allowed Han migration to Dzungaria?
A4: Qianlong
Q5: Who first ran Manchuria?
A5: military generals
Title: Federal_Aviation_Administration
Topic: History

By the mid-1970s, the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both radar and computer technology. This system required enhancement to keep pace with air traffic growth, however, especially after the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 phased out the CAB's economic regulation of the airlines. A nationwide strike by the air traffic controllers union in 1981 forced temporary flight restrictions but failed to shut down the airspace system. During the following year, the agency unveiled a new plan for further automating its air traffic control facilities, but progress proved disappointing. In 1994, the FAA shifted to a more step-by-step approach that has provided controllers with advanced equipment.

Q1: When did the agency acheive a semi-automated air traffic control system?
A1: mid-1970s
Q2: When was the Airline Deregulation act?
A2: 1978
Q3: When did the nationwide strike by air traffic controlers union happen?
A3: 1981
Q4: when did the FAA shift to a more step-by-step approach to providing air traffic controllers with more advanced equipment?
A4: 1994
Q5: What helped operate radar in the new air-traffic control system?
A5: computer technology
Title: Utrecht
Topic: History

By the mid-7th century, English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians. The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians. The tenure of Willibrordus is generally considered to be the beginning of the Bishopric of Utrecht. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops. From then on Utrecht became one of the most influential seats of power for the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The archbishops of Utrecht were based at the uneasy northern border of the Carolingian Empire. In addition, the city of Utrecht had competition from the nearby trading centre Dorestad. After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands. The importance of Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522 (the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II).

Q1: Who tried to convert Frisians
A1: English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians
Q2: Who did the pope appoint Bishop
A2: The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians
Q3: What did Charles Martel do 
A3: Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops
Q4: What year did Utrecht gain in power 
A4: After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands
Q5: What showed the importance of Utrecht
A5: Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stronghold of Hispania (modern Spain) but decided to tackle Pompey himself in Greece. Pompey initially defeated Caesar, but failed to follow up on the victory, and was decisively defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, despite outnumbering Caesar's forces two to one, albeit with inferior quality troops. Pompey fled again, this time to Egypt, where he was murdered.

Q1: During what year did Caesar's armies cross the river Rubicon?
A1: 49 BC
Q2: Who would be seen as having been defeated in the Battle of Pharsalus?
A2: Pompey
Q3: In which year did The Battle of Pharsalus take place?
A3: 48 BC
Q4: In what country did Pompey die in?
A4: Egypt
Q5: Who decided to attack Pompey in Greece?
A5: Caesar
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States challenged Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, financial and manpower resources of Britain. Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in South-East Asia were occupied by Imperial Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped to accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence as part of a larger decolonisation movement in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the Empire. The transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire. Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. The United Kingdom is now one of 16 Commonwealth nations, a grouping known informally as the Commonwealth realms, that share one monarch—Queen Elizabeth II.

Q1: Which countries challenged Britain's economic lead by the start of the 20th century?
A1: Germany and the United States
Q2: Which country was Britain's most valuable and populous possession?
A2: India
Q3: When did Britain transfer Hong Kong to China?
A3: overseas territories remain under British sovereignty
Q4: How many overseas territories remain under British sovereignty?
A4: Fourteen
Q5: Who is the Commonwealth's monarch?
A5: Queen Elizabeth II
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole.

Q1: What year was Oklahoma city entered into the Union?
A1: 1907
Q2: What was the capital of Oklahoma before Oklahoma city?
A2: Guthrie
Q3: What route made Oklahoma city a major stop?
A3: Route 66
Q4: Who wrote the Jazz oldie "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66"?
A4: Bobby Troup
Q5: Which artist made Bobby Troup's song famous?
A5: Nat King Cole
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, "India Beyond the Ganges" had become "the East Indies" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years. That "east" in turn was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun," used since Roman times for "east." The world map of Jodocus Hondius of 1590 labels all of Asia from the Caspian to the Pacific as India Orientalis, shortly to appear in translation as the East Indies.

Q1: When was John Seller's Atlas Maritima?
A1: 1670
Q2: What had "India Beyond the Ganges" become? 
A2: the East Indies
Q3: China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific were included in what? 
A3: "the East Indies"
Q4: What was only an English translation of Latin Oriens and Orientalis, "the land of the rising sun"?
A4: "east"
Q5: What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map? 
A5: 1590
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

By the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Strasbourg was a prosperous community, and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523. Martin Bucer was a prominent Protestant reformer in the region. His efforts were countered by the Roman Catholic Habsburgs who tried to eradicate heresy in Upper Alsace. As a result, Alsace was transformed into a mosaic of Catholic and Protestant territories. On the other hand, Mömpelgard (Montbéliard) to the southwest of Alsace, belonging to the Counts of Württemberg since 1397, remained a Protestant enclave in France until 1793.

Q1: When did Strasbourg accept Protestantism?
A1: 1523
Q2: Who was known as a reformer in Strasbourg?
A2: Martin Bucer
Q3: What were the names given for the two groups that heavily dominated Alsace during this time?
A3: Catholic and Protestant
Title: Sumer
Topic: History

By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized workers. It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that Sumerian cities began to make use of slave labor captured from the hill country, and there is ample evidence for captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts. Artifacts, and even colonies of this Uruk civilization have been found over a wide area—from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey, to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, and as far east as central Iran.

Q1: What facilitated the rise of Sumerian cities?
A1: trade goods
Q2: How were trade goods transported in southern Mesopotamia?
A2: transported along the canals and rivers
Q3: How many people lived in the cities?
A3: over 10,000
Q4: During which period did Sumerian cities begin using slave labor?
A4: Uruk
Q5: What have been found as far east as central Iran?
A5: Artifacts
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

By the turn of the 20th century, fears had begun to grow in Britain that it would no longer be able to defend the metropole and the entirety of the empire while at the same time maintaining the policy of "splendid isolation". Germany was rapidly rising as a military and industrial power and was now seen as the most likely opponent in any future war. Recognising that it was overstretched in the Pacific and threatened at home by the Imperial German Navy, Britain formed an alliance with Japan in 1902 and with its old enemies France and Russia in 1904 and 1907, respectively.

Q1: Which country seemed like Britain's most likely threat in the early 20th century?
A1: Germany
Q2: Which country did Britain ally with in 1902?
A2: Japan
Q3: Which country did Britain ally with in 1904?
A3: France
Q4: Which country did Britain ally with in 1907?
A4: Russia
Title: United_States_Army
Topic: History

By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I, and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and the State Militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.

Q1: What was organized to replace the concept of U.S. Volunteers?
A1: the "National Army"
Q2: When was the National Army demobilized?
A2: end of World War I
Q3: Who filled vacancies in the Regular Army?
A3: "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps"
Title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position which is appointed by God and must be specified by Him 2.Imam is protected by a divine protection and no one exceles him in nobility 3. No age can be without an Imam and finally Imam knows everything which is needed for human being to get to the truth and goal.

Q1: By what Quran verse to Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position?
A1: 2:124
Q2: What does the Quran verse 17:71 say?
A2: no age can be without an Imam
Q3: Imamah is a position appointed by who?
A3: God
Q4: What is an Imam protected by?
A4: divine protection
Q5: Who knows everything that is needed to get to the truth and goal?
A5: Imam
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

By this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian army of 43,000 commanded by Count William Fermor. Both sides suffered heavy casualties – the Prussians 12,800, the Russians 18,000 – but the Russians withdrew, and Frederick claimed victory. In the undecided Battle of Tornow on 25 September, a Swedish army repulsed six assaults by a Prussian army but did not push on Berlin following the Battle of Fehrbellin.

Q1: How did Frederick respond to the Russian occupation of east Prussia?
A1: marched to counter it.
Q2: How large a force did Frederick send against the occupying Russians?
A2: 35,000 men
Q3: How many Russians were in defense?
A3: Russian army of 43,000
Q4: Which army withdrew?
A4: the Russians withdrew
Q5: What country was Prussia fighting on another front?
A5: Swedish
Title: Geography_of_the_United_States
Topic: Geography and places

By total area (water as well as land), the United States is either slightly larger or smaller than the People's Republic of China, making it the world's third or fourth largest country. China and the United States are smaller than Russia and Canada in total area, but are larger than Brazil. By land area only (exclusive of waters), the United States is the world's third largest country, after Russia and China, with Canada in fourth. Whether the US or China is the third largest country by total area depends on two factors: (1) The validity of China's claim on Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract. Both these territories are also claimed by India, so are not counted; and (2) How US calculates its own surface area. Since the initial publishing of the World Factbook, the CIA has updated the total area of United States a number of times.

Q1: Compared to other countries, how large is the US?
A1: third or fourth largest country
Q2: Which country is the worlds fourth largest?
A2: Canada
Q3: Who may also be the third largest country?
A3: China
Title: ASCII
Topic: Engineering and technology

C trigraphs were created to solve this problem for ANSI C, although their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers limited their use. Many programmers kept their computers on US-ASCII, so plain-text in Swedish, German etc. (for example, in e-mail or Usenet) contained "{, }" and similar variants in the middle of words, something those programmers got used to. For example, a Swedish programmer mailing another programmer asking if they should go for lunch, could get "N{ jag har sm|rg}sar." as the answer, which should be "Nä jag har smörgåsar." meaning "No I've got sandwiches."

Q1: What was created to solve the problem for ANSI C?
A1: C trigraphs
Q2: Why was their use limited?
A2: their late introduction and inconsistent implementation in compilers
Q3: What did many programmers keep their computers on?
A3: US-ASCII
Q4: What what happening to the words that were sent from programmers?
A4: contained "{, }" and similar variants in the middle of words
Title: Pub
Topic: History

CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.

Q1: How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey?
A1: 50,000
Q2: According to CAMRA, how many pubs in Britain possess classic snugs?
A2: very few
Title: Pub
Topic: History

CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Q1: How many pubs does the National Trust own?
A1: thirty-six
Q2: In what city is the George Inn located?
A2: London
Q3: What city is home to The Crown Liquor Saloon?
A3: Belfast
Q4: What part of the United Kingdom is Belfast located in?
A4: Northern Ireland
Q5: What body maintains a National Inventory of notable pubs?
A5: CAMRA