LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy.

Q1: What do philosophers do, in Whitehead's view?
A1: make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works
Q2: Assumptions of how the universe works are difficult to see precisely because of what?
A2: they remain unexamined and unquestioned
Q3: What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress?
A3: basic assumptions about how the universe works
Q4: What did Whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy?
A4: metaphysical investigations
Q5: What quotation of Whitehead's was noted by a student in 1927?
A5: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized."
Q6: What was Whitehead's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics?
A6: such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned
Q7: What did Whitehead feel was necessary regarding basic assumptions in metaphysics?
A7: people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress
Q8: What was Whitehead's opinion of metaphysical investigations?
A8: Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Whitehead's idea of God differs from traditional monotheistic notions. Perhaps his most famous and pointed criticism of the Christian conception of God is that "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar." Here Whitehead is criticizing Christianity for defining God as primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power. As opposed to the most widely accepted forms of Christianity, Whitehead emphasized an idea of God that he called "the brief Galilean vision of humility":

Q1: What is Whitehead's most well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?
A1: "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."
Q2: What qualities dis Whitehead state that Christians attributed to their version of God?
A2: primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power
Q3: What was Whitehead's description of God?
A3: "the brief Galilean vision of humility"
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and Other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."

Q1: What year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published?
A1: 1929
Q2: What was the Aims of Education and Other Essays comprised of?
A2: numerous essays and addresses
Q3: What teaching did Whitehead caution against teaching?
A3: inert ideas
Q4: When was "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" published?
A4: 1929
Q5: During what periods of time were the essays and address contained in "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" composed?
A5: between 1912 and 1927
Q6: What is the origin of the title of the book?
A6: The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916
Q7: How did Whitehead define "inert ideas"?
A7: ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture
Q8: What was Whitehead's criticism of the use of inert ideas in education?
A8: "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful."
Title: Namibia
Topic: Social sciences and society

Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).

Q1: Whites make up how much of Namibia's population?
A1: 4.0 and 7.0%
Q2: What is the language of Namibia?
A2: Afrikaans
Q3: Where do a large minority of whites trace their Namibian roots to?
A3: German settlers
Q4: What was the population in South-West Africa in 1960?
A4: 526,004
Q5: How much of the population was white in South-West Africa in 1960?
A5: 73,464
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren "represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court". In the next few years Warren led the Court in a series of liberal decisions that revolutionized the role of the Court.

Q1: What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations?
A1: Republicans
Q2: What party did Brennan belong to?
A2: Democrat
Q3: Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice?
A3: Warren
Q4: What sort of decisions did Warren favor on the Supreme Court?
A4: liberal
Q5: Along with liberals, who was Eisenhower trying to appeal to with the Warren pick?
A5: law-and-order conservatives
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferred. This is particularly the case in the choice of hickory for handles and spokes. Here not only strength, but toughness and resilience are important. The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that:

Q1: What term is sometimes used for wood with wide rings?
A1: second-growth
Q2: Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest?
A2: open stands
Q3: What property is important to manufacturers who use "second-growth" hardwood?
A3: strength
Q4: What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes? 
A4: hickory
Q5: What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties?
A5: U.S. Forest Service
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Topic: Sports and recreation

Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.

Q1: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium?
A1: May 2006
Q2: When did Arsenal Stadium at Highbury first become the club's home?
A2: September 1913
Q3: What architect designed the original stadium at Highbury?
A3: Archibald Leitch
Q4: In what decade was Arsenal Stadium overhauled?
A4: 1930s
Q5: When was the Arsenal stadium bombed?
A5: Second World War
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired the submission of the Greek cities to its rule. Although they initially resisted, allying themselves with Pyrrhus of Epirus, and defeating the Romans at several battles, the Greek cities were unable to maintain this position and were absorbed by the Roman republic. Shortly afterwards, Rome became involved in Sicily, fighting against the Carthaginians in the First Punic War. The end result was the complete conquest of Sicily, including its previously powerful Greek cities, by the Romans.

Q1: Rome dominated what peninsula?
A1: Italian
Q2: Greek cities were absorbed by what republic?
A2: Roman
Q3: Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war?
A3: First Punic War
Q4: Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war?
A4: Romans
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

Widespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or "Boxers." In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians, then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter. A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies (the Eight-Nation Alliance) then entered China without diplomatic notice, much less permission. Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign. She fled to Xi'an. The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government, including compensation for their expenses in invading China and execution of complicit officials.

Q1: Where was there a drought?
A1: North China
Q2: What was another name for the Boxers?
A2: Righteous and Harmonious Fists
Q3: When did the Boxers begin to kill missionaries and Chinese Christians?
A3: 1900
Q4: Who invaded China?
A4: A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies
Q5: Where did Cixi go after Beijing fell to the 8 armies?
A5: Xi'an
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes. There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime.

Q1: Rumors of Napoleon's return from what location were often used as an inspiration for his followers?
A1: St. Helena
Q2: Anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign were sometimes celebrated in an effort to disrupt what?
A2: royal celebrations
Q3: Destabilization of what regime was the main goal of Napoleon's followers?
A3: the Bourbon regime
Q4: Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design?
A4: rosettes
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, and today most U.S. Grand Lodges recognise their Prince Hall counterparts, and the authorities of both traditions are working towards full recognition. The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges. While celebrating their heritage as lodges of black Americans, Prince Hall is open to all men regardless of race or religion.

Q1: When did North American Masonic lodges recognize members of the Prince Hall Lodge?
A1: By the 1980s
Q2: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge open to?
A2: Prince Hall is open to all men
Q3: Does the United Grand Lodge of England recognize Prince Hall Lodges?
A3: The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.

Q1: When year did Prince Albert die?
A1: 1861
Q2: What forced the Queen to return to London?
A2: public opinion
Q3: What was the fate of Buckingham after the left?
A3: the palace was seldom used, even neglected.
Q4: Where were court functions held upon the Queens return to London?
A4: Windsor Castle
Q5: When did Prince Albert die?
A5: 1861
Q6: What did Queen Victoria do in response to his death?
A6: left Buckingham Palace
Q7: Which house did Queen Victoria stay at after she left Buckingham?
A7: Osborne House
Q8: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?
A8: palace was seldom used, even neglected
Q9: Where did Queen Victoria hold court functions during this time?
A9: Windsor Castle
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.

Q1: Which publication is considered the most impressive metaphysical text?
A1: Process and Reality
Q2: Who thought Process and Reality was little-read because the reader has to separate them from normal thought?
A2: Isabelle Stengers
Q3: What philosophy in the west was challenged by Whitehead?
A3: how the universe works
Q4: What was Whitehead's philosophy able to anticipate for the 21st century?
A4: scientific and philosophical problems
Q5: What was the outcome of anticipating the scientific and philosophical problems Whitehead proposed?
A5: novel solutions
Q6: How has "Process and Reality" been described? 
A6: "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century,"
Q7: What did Isabelle Stengers say is the reason that "Process and Reality" is not commonly read and understood?
A7: it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus."
Q8: What effect did Whitehead have on the future of metaphysics?
A8: he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.
Title: Guam
Topic: Geography and places

Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are man-caused with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.

Q1: What plagues the Guam dry season?
A1: Wildfires
Q2: What are the cause of the majority of the fires in the area?
A2: man
Q3: What causes water quality problems in Guam?
A3: sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

Wilhelm Erb's (1874) "intensive" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intensity stimuli. At the peripheral end of the nociceptor, noxious stimuli generate currents that, above a given threshold, begin to send signals along the nerve fiber to the spinal cord. The "specificity" (whether it responds to thermal, chemical or mechanical features of its environment) of a nociceptor is determined by which ion channels it expresses at its peripheral end. Dozens of different types of nociceptor ion channels have so far been identified, and their exact functions are still being determined.

Q1: What type of signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor?
A1: pain
Q2: What types of stimuli can't some sensory fibers differentiate between?
A2: noxious and non-noxious
Q3: What type of stimuli do nociceptors response to?
A3: noxious, high intensity
Q4: What does stimuli generate to send signals along a nerve fiber?
A4: currents
Q5: How many different types of ion channels have so far been identified?
A5: Dozens
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques Daniel Dony built a different kind of horizontal zinc smelter in Belgium, which processed even more zinc. Italian doctor Luigi Galvani discovered in 1780 that connecting the spinal cord of a freshly dissected frog to an iron rail attached by a brass hook caused the frog's leg to twitch. He incorrectly thought he had discovered an ability of nerves and muscles to create electricity and called the effect "animal electricity". The galvanic cell and the process of galvanization were both named for Luigi Galvani and these discoveries paved the way for electrical batteries, galvanization and cathodic protection.

Q1: Who first patented the process that creates an oxide usable in the retort process?
A1: William Champion's brother, John,
Q2: Before John Champion, what was the only element used to produce zinc?
A2: calamine
Q3: Who built the first horizontal retort smelter?
A3: Johann Christian Ruberg
Q4: What did Galvani name the effect he created of causing the frogs legs to twitch?
A4: animal electricity
Q5: The discoveries made by Galvani lead to what three important things?
A5: electrical batteries, galvanization and cathodic protection.
Title: Imperial_College_London
Topic: History

William Henry Perkin studied and worked at the college under von Hofmann, but resigned his position after discovering the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856. Perkin's discovery was prompted by his work with von Hofmann on the substance aniline, derived from coal tar, and it was this breakthrough which sparked the synthetic dye industry, a boom which some historians have labelled the second chemical revolution. His contribution led to the creation of the Perkin Medal, an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry to a scientist residing in the United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development". It is considered the highest honour given in the industrial chemical industry.

Q1: Who discovered the first synthetic dye?
A1: William Henry Perkin
Q2: What did the scientist who discovered the dye do after discovering it?
A2: resigned his position
Q3: What is the name of the first synthetic dye discovered?
A3: mauveine
Q4: The discovery of the synthetic dye is claimed by some histories to have sparked what event?
A4: second chemical revolution
Q5: Which award is named after the discoverer of the dye?
A5: Perkin Medal
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

William Pitt, who entered the cabinet in 1756, had a grand vision for the war that made it entirely different from previous wars with France. As prime minister Pitt committed Britain to a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire, especially its possessions in North America and India. Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy, which could control the seas and bring as many invasion troops as were needed. He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies, working under the command of British regulars, to invade new France. In order to tie the French army down he subsidized his European allies. Pitt Head of the government from 1756 to 1761, and even after that the British continued his strategy. It proved completely successful. Pitt had a clear appreciation of the enormous value of imperial possessions, and realized how vulnerable was the French Empire.

Q1: What was the grand strategy of prime minister William Pitt?
A1: a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire
Q2: What locations did Pitt want from France?
A2: North America and India
Q3: What was Pitt's primary military advantage?
A3: Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy
Q4: How did Pitt plan to augment the British regular troops?
A4: He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies
Q5: How did Pitt's strategy affect Britain's future plans?
A5: even after that the British continued his strategy
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings.

Q1: What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era?
A1: Wind
Q2: What is the single reed family called?
A2: the clarinet family
Q3: What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era?
A3: double reeded
Q4: Who expanded the single reeds role?
A4: Mozart
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 also incorporates improved support for mobile broadband; the operating system can now detect the insertion of a SIM card and automatically configure connection settings (including APNs and carrier branding), and reduce its internet usage in order to conserve bandwidth on metered networks. Windows 8 also adds an integrated airplane mode setting to globally disable all wireless connectivity as well. Carriers can also offer account management systems through Windows Store apps, which can be automatically installed as a part of the connection process and offer usage statistics on their respective tile.

Q1: What does airplone mode do?
A1: disable all wireless connectivity
Q2: Where can Carrier account management systems be found?
A2: Windows Store apps
Q3: What registers the insertion of a SIM card?
A3: the operating system
Q4: What are some connection settings in Windows 8?
A4: APNs and carrier branding
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009. At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors, especially AMD and Intel. Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company's goal for Windows to be "everywhere on every kind of device without compromise." Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed "Jupiter", which would be used to make "immersive" applications using XAML (similarly to Windows Phone and Silverlight) that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored application store.

Q1: When did Microsoft start creating Windows 8?
A1: before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009
Q2: Who is Windows division president?
A2: Steven Sinofsky
Q3: Who is Microsofts CEO?
A3: Steve Ballmer
Q4: Where were the Windows 8 plans initially announced?
A4: Consumer Electronics Show
Q5: What is jupiter?
A5: new application framework for Windows 8
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS. In particular, these changes included a touch-optimized Windows shell based on Microsoft's "Metro" design language, the Start screen (which displays programs and dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles), a new platform for developing apps with an emphasis on touchscreen input, integration with online services (including the ability to sync apps and settings between devices), and Windows Store, an online store for downloading and purchasing new software. Windows 8 added support for USB 3.0, Advanced Format hard drives, near field communications, and cloud computing. Additional security features were introduced, such as built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft SmartScreen phishing filtering service and support for UEFI Secure Boot on supported devices with UEFI firmware, to prevent malware from infecting the boot process.

Q1: Who are Windows main operating system competitors?
A1: Android and iOS
Q2: What new security features does Windows 8 have?
A2: built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft SmartScreen phishing filtering service and support for UEFI Secure Boot
Q3: What USB version is Windows 8 compatible with?
A3: 3.0
Q4: What can be found on the Start screen?
A4: displays programs and dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles
Q5: What services does the Windows Store provide?
A5: an online store for downloading and purchasing new software
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen. Apps can provide toast notifications on screen or animate their tiles on the Start screen with dynamic content. Apps can use "contracts"; a collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps, including search and sharing. Apps can also provide integration with other services; for example, the People app can connect to a variety of different social networks and services (such as Facebook, Skype, and People service), while the Photos app can aggregate photos from services such as Facebook and Flickr.

Q1: Who is Jensen Harris?
A1: Microsoft developer
Q2: What apps can one expect the People app to match with?
A2: Facebook, Skype, and People service
Q3: What apps can one expect the Photos app to match with?
A3: Facebook and Flickr
Q4: What makes Windows Store apps unique?
A4: apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications.
Q5: What are contracts?
A5: collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 introduces significant changes to the operating system's user interface, many of which are aimed at improving its experience on tablet computers and other touchscreen devices. The new user interface is based on Microsoft's Metro design language, and uses a Start screen similar to that of Windows Phone 7 as the primary means of launching applications. The Start screen displays a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs, some of which can display constantly updated information and content through "live tiles". As a form of multi-tasking, apps can be snapped to the side of a screen. Alongside the traditional Control Panel, a new simplified and touch-optimized settings app known as "PC Settings" is used for basic configuration and user settings. It does not include many of the advanced options still accessible from the normal Control Panel.

Q1: What is found on the Start Screen?
A1: a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs
Q2: What do live tiles do?
A2: display constantly updated information and content
Q3: What is the primary function of the PC Settings app? 
A3: used for basic configuration and user settings
Q4: Where can advanced settings options be found?
A4: Control Panel
Q5: What is the new System User interface built on?
A5: Microsoft's Metro design language
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add additional features oriented towards their market segments. For example, Pro added BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on. Users of Windows 8 can purchase a "Pro Pack" license that upgrades their system to Windows 8 Pro through Add features to Windows. This license also includes Windows Media Center. Windows 8 Enterprise contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through volume licensing. A port of Windows 8 for ARM architecture, Windows RT, is marketed as an edition of Windows 8, but was only included as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it.

Q1: How many Windows 8 editions are there?
A1: three
Q2: What extras does Windows 8 Pro have?
A2: BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on
Q3: What extras do Windows 8 Enterprise have?
A3: features aimed towards business environments
Q4: How would one get Windows RT?
A4: as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 provides heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and others. A user can now log in to Windows with a Microsoft account, which can be used to access services and synchronize applications and settings between devices. Windows 8 also ships with a client app for Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage service, which also allows apps to save files directly to SkyDrive. A SkyDrive client for the desktop and File Explorer is not included in Windows 8, and must be downloaded separately. Bundled multimedia apps are provided under the Xbox brand, including Xbox Music, Xbox Video, and the Xbox SmartGlass companion for use with an Xbox 360 console. Games can integrate into an Xbox Live hub app, which also allows users to view their profile and gamerscore. Other bundled apps provide the ability to link Flickr and Facebook. Due to Facebook Connect service changes, Facebook support is disabled in all bundled apps effective June 8, 2015.

Q1: What is SkyDrive?
A1: cloud storage service
Q2: What features does Xbox Live hub offer?
A2: allows users to view their profile and gamerscore
Q3: When was Facebook support turned off?
A3: June 8, 2015
Q4: What Xbox apps were bundled together?
A4: Xbox Music, Xbox Video, and the Xbox SmartGlass
Q5: What service options does Windows online now offer?
A5: can be used to access services and synchronize applications and settings between devices.
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 supports a feature of the UEFI specification known as "Secure boot", which uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system and prevent unauthorized programs such as bootkits from infecting the device's boot process. Some pre-built devices may be described as "certified" by Microsoft; these must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature. ARM-based Windows RT devices must have secure boot permanently enabled.

Q1: How does secure boot help avert boot process infections?
A1: uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system
Q2: What requirements do Microsoft certified devices have?
A2: must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature
Q3: What must always be enable in ARM-based Windows RT devices?
A3: secure boot
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this is still well below Android and iOS, which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8. Strategy Analytics also noted "a shortage of top tier apps" for Windows tablets despite Microsoft strategy of paying developers to create apps for the operating system (in addition to for Windows Phone).

Q1: What percent of tablets were running Windows in Q1 2013/
A1: 7.4
Q2: What was Androids market share in 2013?
A2: 43.4%
Q3: What was teh iOS market share in 2013?
A3: 48.2%
Q4: What does Strategy Analytics say Windows tablets are lacking?
A4: top tier apps
Q5: When did Windows 8 surpass Windows Vistas market share?
A5: July 2013
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 was distributed as a retail box product on DVD, and through a digital download that could be converted into DVD or USB install media. As part of a launch promotion, Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99. Those who purchased new PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 could digitally purchase a Windows 8 Pro upgrade for US$14.99. Several PC manufacturers offered rebates and refunds on Windows 8 upgrades obtained through the promotion on select models, such as Hewlett-Packard (in the U.S. and Canada on select models), and Acer (in Europe on selected Ultrabook models). During these promotions, the Windows Media Center add-on for Windows 8 Pro was also offered for free.

Q1: During it's launch how much was a Windows 8 upgrade?
A1: $39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box
Q2: What is the Windows 8 price?
A2: $119.99
Q3: What is the Windows 8 Pro price?
A3: $199.99
Q4: Which PC owners could purchase a Windows 8 Pro uprgrade for $14.99?
A4: PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate
Q5: How much was the Windows Media Center add-on during the original Windows 8 promotion?
A5: free
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows 8 was released to a mixed critical reception. Although reaction towards its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (especially when used with a keyboard and mouse instead of a touchscreen). Despite these shortcomings, 60 million Windows 8 licenses have been sold through January 2013, a number which included both upgrades and sales to OEMs for new PCs.

Q1: What about Windows 8 was well received?
A1: its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices
Q2: What were the perceived problems with the new Windows 8 user interface?
A2: being potentially confusing and difficult to learn
Q3: How many Windows 8 licenses were purchased by January 2013?
A3: 60 million
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows Explorer, which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ribbon in place of the command bar. File operation dialog boxes have been updated to provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files. A new "File History" function allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device, while Storage Spaces allows users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.

Q1: What replaced the Windows Explorer comman bar?
A1: a ribbon
Q2: What is the new name of Windows Explorer?
A2: File Explorer
Q3: What did the update of operation dalog boxes help with?
A3: provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files
Q4: What does file history make possible?
A4: allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows RT, the only edition of Windows 8 for systems with ARM processors, only supports applications included with the system (such as a special version of Office 2013), supplied through Windows Update, or Windows Store apps, to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture. Windows RT does not support running IA-32 or x64 applications. Windows Store apps can either support both the x86 and ARM architectures, or compiled to support a specific architecture.

Q1: What Windows version is compatible with ARM processors?
A1: Windows RT
Q2: What apps work on Windows RT?
A2: only supports applications included with the system
Q3: Why does Windows RT only work with apps included with the system?
A3: to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Windows Store apps run within a new set of APIs known as Windows Runtime, which supports programming languages such as C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript. If written in some "high-level" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows, otherwise they are not binary code compatible. Components may be compiled as Windows Runtime Components, permitting consumption by all compatible languages. To ensure stability and security, apps run within a sandboxed environment, and require permissions to access certain functionality, such as accessing the Internet or a camera.

Q1: What programming languages does Windows Runtime work with?
A1: C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript
Q2: What makes Windows apps binary code compatible?
A2: If written in some "high-level" languages
Q3: What does compiling components as Windows Runtime make possible?
A3: permitting consumption by all compatible languages
Q4: What kind of environment provides Windows apps extra security?
A4: sandboxed environment
Title: Georgian_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses.

Q1: What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time?
A1: window tax
Q2: When was the sash window developed?
A2: the 1670s
Q3: What plans became universal inside larger houses?
A3: Corridor plans
Q4: What cannot be generally deduced from the outside?
A4: the internal plan and function of the rooms
Q5: What aspect of windows generally varied between floors?
A5: Their height
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

Wine was considered the basic drink, consumed at all meals and occasions by all classes and was quite inexpensive. Cato the Elder once advised cutting his rations in half to conserve wine for the workforce. Many types of drinks involving grapes and honey were consumed as well. Drinking on an empty stomach was regarded as boorish and a sure sign for alcoholism, the debilitating physical and psychological effects of which were known to the Romans. An accurate accusation of being an alcoholic was an effective way to discredit political rivals. Prominent Roman alcoholics included Mark Antony, and Cicero's own son Marcus (Cicero Minor). Even Cato the Younger was known to be a heavy drinker.[citation needed]

Q1: What beverage was consumed by all the classes in the Roman Republic?
A1: Wine
Q2: What was considered a compelling way to defame poltical rivals?
A2: An accurate accusation of being an alcoholic
Q3: During what meals was wine commonly drank?
A3: all meals
Q4: What was considered an indication of alcoholism in the Roman Republic?
A4: Drinking on an empty stomach
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for European football and a place in the FA Community Shield match. Arsenal are the current holders, having beaten Aston Villa 4–0 in the 2015 final to win the cup for the second year in a row. It was their 12th FA Cup title overall, making Arsenal the FA Cup's most successful club ahead of Manchester United on 11.

Q1: What do winners receive? 
A1: the FA Cup trophy
Q2: How many FA cup designs have there been?
A2: two
Q3: How many FA cups have there been?
A3: five actual cups
Q4: When was the latest design intoduced?
A4: 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911
Title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)
Topic: Warfare

Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946. The new ministry was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed a seat in the Cabinet. The three existing service Ministers—the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and the Secretary of State for Air—remained in direct operational control of their respective services, but ceased to attend Cabinet.

Q1: Who created the office of Minister of Defence?
A1: Winston Churchill
Q2: When was the Ministry of Defence Act introduced?
A2: 1946
Q3: When did Winstron Churchill form his government?
A3: 1940
Q4: The new ministry, according to the Act of 1946, was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed what?
A4: a seat in the Cabinet
Q5: Who stopped attending Cabinet with the passage of the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946?
A5: the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and the Secretary of State for Air
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

Winter, and a deteriorating supply situation on both sides of troops and materiel, led to a halt in ground operations. Sevastopol remained invested by the allies, while the allied armies were hemmed in by the Russian army in the interior. On 14 November a storm sank thirty allied transport ships including HMS Prince which was carrying a cargo of winter clothing.:435 The storm and heavy traffic caused the road from the coast to the troops to disintegrate into a quagmire, requiring engineers to devote most of their time to its repair including quarrying stone. A tramroad was ordered. It arrived in January with a civilian engineering crew, however it was March before it was sufficiently advanced to be of any appreciable value.:439 An Electrical telegraph was also ordered, but the frozen ground delayed its installation until March, when communications from the base port of Balaklava to the British HQ was established. The Pipe-and-cable-laying plough failed because of the hard frozen soil, but even so 21 miles of cable were laid.:449

Q1: What stopped ground operations during the winter?
A1: a deteriorating supply situation
Q2: What caused the HMS Prince to sink?
A2: a storm
Q3: What was the HMS Prince carrying when it sunk?
A3: a cargo of winter clothing
Q4: What arrived in January with an engineering crew?
A4: A tramroad
Q5: What caused the electrical telegraph to be delayed for some time?
A5: the frozen ground