LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

Electric instruments such as the electric guitar, the electric bass and the ondes Martenot appear occasionally in the classical music of the 20th and 21st centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniques such as the use of sampled or computer-generated sounds, and instruments from other cultures such as the gamelan.

Q1: What type of instrument appears occasionally in the 20th and 21st century styles of classical music?
A1: Electric
Q2: What type of musicians besides classical have experimented with electronic instruments?
A2: popular
Q3: What type of instrument is the gamelan?
A3: electronic
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.

Q1: What is used to haul passengers cars?
A1: electric locomotives
Q2: How is electricity being generated for electric locomotives?
A2: generating stations
Q3: What entity provides distribution lines, switches and transformers?
A3: railway
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

Electric recording which developed during the time that early radio was becoming popular (1925) benefited from the microphones and amplifiers used in radio studios. The early electric recordings were reminiscent tonally of acoustic recordings, except there was more recorded bass and treble as well as delicate sounds and overtones cut on the records. This was in spite of some carbon microphones used, which had resonances that colored the recorded tone. The double button carbon microphone with stretched diaphragm was a marked improvement. Alternatively, the Wente style condenser microphone used with the Western Electric licensed recording method had a brilliant midrange and was prone to overloading from sibilants in speech, but generally it gave more accurate reproduction than carbon microphones.

Q1: What technique offered realistic sounds during playback?
A1: Western Electric licensed recording method
Q2: At at time was radio gaining popularity?
A2: 1925
Q3: What type of microphones were losing popularity in the 1920s?
A3: carbon microphones used,
Q4: What benefit did the use of the Wente style condenser microphone offer?
A4: brilliant midrange
Q5: What was a benefit of early radio recordings?
A5: microphones and amplifiers
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

Electrical recording preceded electrical home reproduction because of the initial high cost of the new system. In 1925, the Victor company introduced the Victor Orthophonic Victrola, an acoustical record player that was specifically designed to play electrically recorded discs, as part of a line that also included electrically reproducing Electrolas. The acoustical Orthophonics ranged in price from US$95 to US$300, depending on cabinetry; by comparison, the cheapest Electrola cost US$650, the price of a new Ford automobile in an era when clerical jobs paid about $20 a week.

Q1: What was a drawback of early home recording systems?
A1: high cost
Q2: What was the initial cost range of early recording devices?
A2: US$95 to US$300
Q3: What year  was the  Victor Orthophonic Victrola released?
A3: 1925
Q4: What was the typical weekly pay of a worker in 1925?
A4: $20
Q5: What options were available that effected the cost of the Victor Orthophonic Victorla?
A5: cabinetry
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Electricity in the Richmond Metro area is provided by Dominion Virginia Power. The company, based in Richmond, is one of the nation's largest producers of energy, serving retail energy customers in nine states. Electricity is provided in the Richmond area primarily by the North Anna Nuclear Generating Station and Surry Nuclear Generating Station, as well as a coal-fired station in Chester, Virginia. These three plants provide a total of 4,453 megawatts of power. Several other natural gas plants provide extra power during times of peak demand. These include facilities in Chester, and Surry, and two plants in Richmond (Gravel Neck and Darbytown).

Q1: Who is Richmond's electricity supplier?
A1: Dominion Virginia Power
Q2: How many states does Dominion Virginia Power operate in?
A2: nine
Q3: Along with Surry Nuclear Generating Station, what is Richmond's main electricity generator?
A3: North Anna Nuclear Generating Station
Q4: In what town is a coal-fired plant that provides power to Richmond located?
A4: Chester
Q5: What type of power plant is Darbytown?
A5: natural gas
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the growth of conductive metal filaments on or in a printed circuit board (PCB) under the influence of a DC voltage bias. Silver, zinc, and aluminum are known to grow whiskers under the influence of an electric field. Silver also grows conducting surface paths in the presence of halide and other ions, making it a poor choice for electronics use. Tin will grow "whiskers" due to tension in the plated surface. Tin-Lead or solder plating also grows whiskers, only reduced by the percentage Tin replaced. Reflow to melt solder or tin plate to relieve surface stress lowers whisker incidence. Another coating issue is tin pest, the transformation of tin to a powdery allotrope at low temperature.

Q1: What's the process whereby metal filaments are grown on or in a PCB via DC voltage?
A1: Electrochemical migration
Q2: Along with silver and aluminum, what metal grows metal filaments when exposed to an electric field?
A2: zinc
Q3: In addition to "whiskers," what does silver sprout around ions like halide?
A3: conducting surface paths
Q4: What do scientist call the function whereby tin changes when it's very cold?
A4: tin pest
Q5: What's present in plated surfaces that causes tin to grow metal filaments?
A5: tension
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the "Yellow Mama" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their cruelty and resulted in a shift to lethal injection as the preferred method of execution. Although lethal injection dominates as a method of execution, some states allow prisoners on death row to choose the method used to execute them.

Q1: What was a common nickname for the electric chair?
A1: Old Sparky
Q2: What color was Alabama's electric chair?
A2: Yellow
Q3: What state notably had electric chair malfunctions?
A3: Florida
Q4: Due to electric chair malfunctions, what method of execution became preferred?
A4: lethal injection
Q5: Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in America?
A5: Electrocution
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector. Soviet inventor Oleg Losev reported creation of the first LED in 1927. His research was distributed in Soviet, German and British scientific journals, but no practical use was made of the discovery for several decades. Kurt Lehovec, Carl Accardo and Edward Jamgochian, explained these first light-emitting diodes in 1951 using an apparatus employing SiC crystals with a current source of battery or pulse generator and with a comparison to a variant, pure, crystal in 1953.

Q1: LED lighting is the end result of what phenomenon?
A1: Electroluminescence
Q2: When was Electroluminescence discovered?
A2: 1907
Q3: What was the nationality of the man who discovered Electroluminescence?
A3: British
Q4: What type of detector did H.J. Round use to help him in his discovery?
A4: cat's-whisker
Q5: Who is the Soviet man that created the first LED?
A5: Oleg Losev
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Electrolytic capacitors use an aluminum or tantalum plate with an oxide dielectric layer. The second electrode is a liquid electrolyte, connected to the circuit by another foil plate. Electrolytic capacitors offer very high capacitance but suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of capacitance especially when subjected to heat, and high leakage current. Poor quality capacitors may leak electrolyte, which is harmful to printed circuit boards. The conductivity of the electrolyte drops at low temperatures, which increases equivalent series resistance. While widely used for power-supply conditioning, poor high-frequency characteristics make them unsuitable for many applications. Electrolytic capacitors will self-degrade if unused for a period (around a year), and when full power is applied may short circuit, permanently damaging the capacitor and usually blowing a fuse or causing failure of rectifier diodes (for instance, in older equipment, arcing in rectifier tubes). They can be restored before use (and damage) by gradually applying the operating voltage, often done on antique vacuum tube equipment over a period of 30 minutes by using a variable transformer to supply AC power. Unfortunately, the use of this technique may be less satisfactory for some solid state equipment, which may be damaged by operation below its normal power range, requiring that the power supply first be isolated from the consuming circuits. Such remedies may not be applicable to modern high-frequency power supplies as these produce full output voltage even with reduced input.

Q1: What is one type of metal which the conducting plates in electrolytic capacitors are commonly made of?
A1: aluminum
Q2: What type of dielectric layer is used in electrolytic capacitors?
A2: an oxide dielectric layer
Q3: What happens to the conductivity of the electrolyte at low temperatures?
A3: drops at low temperatures
Q4: How can electrolytic capacitors be safely used after having been stored unused for a long time?
A4: by gradually applying the operating voltage
Q5: Why might the method gradually applying the operating voltage not be suitable to protect electrolytic capacitors in modern devices?
A5: these produce full output voltage even with reduced input
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

Elementary and secondary public schools are overseen by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. The North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction is the secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Education, but the board, rather than the superintendent, holds most of the legal authority for making public education policy. In 2009, the board's chairman also became the "chief executive officer" for the state's school system. North Carolina has 115 public school systems, each of which is overseen by a local school board. A county may have one or more systems within it. The largest school systems in North Carolina are the Wake County Public School System, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, Guilford County Schools, Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools, and Cumberland County Schools. In total there are 2,425 public schools in the state, including 99 charter schools. North Carolina Schools were segregated until the Brown v. Board of Education trial and the release of the Pearsall Plan.

Q1: What agency oversees public schools in North Carolina?
A1: North Carolina Department of Public Instruction
Q2: Who holds most legal authority for making education policy?
A2: the board
Q3: What year did the boards chairman become the Chief Executive officer of public schools?
A3: 2009
Q4: How many public school systems does North Carolina have?
A4: 115
Q5: What is the largest school system in North Carolina?
A5: Wake County Public School System
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Elevator doors protect riders from falling into the shaft. The most common configuration is to have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally. In a cascading telescopic configuration (potentially allowing wider entryways within limited space), the doors roll on independent tracks so that while open, they are tucked behind one another, and while closed, they form cascading layers on one side. This can be configured so that two sets of such cascading doors operate like the center opening doors described above, allowing for a very wide elevator cab. In less expensive installations the elevator can also use one large "slab" door: a single panel door the width of the doorway that opens to the left or right laterally. Some buildings have elevators with the single door on the shaft way, and double cascading doors on the cab.

Q1: How do most elevator doors work?
A1: have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally
Q2: What design allows wider entryways within limited space?
A2: a cascading telescopic configuration
Q3: What is a single panel door referred to as?
A3: "slab" door
Q4: The single door is sometimes located where?
A4: on the shaft way
Q5: What do elevator doors protect riders from?
A5: falling into the shaft
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Elevators necessitated new social protocols. When Nicholas II of Russia visited the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, his courtiers panicked about who would enter the elevator first, and who would press the buttons. In Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator, author Andreas Bernard documents other social impacts caused by the modern elevator, including thriller movies about stuck elevators, casual encounters and sexual tension on elevators, the reduction of personal space, and concerns about personal hygiene.

Q1: The invention of elevators brought with it questions of social etiquette and formalities, generally referred to as what?
A1: social protocols
Q2: The last tsar of Russia, Nicholas ll encountered his first elevator at the Hotel Adloin in what city?
A2: Berlin
Q3: This caused a stir in deciding who should enter first and who should do what?
A3: press the buttons
Q4: Andreas Bernard wrote about the social aspects of the new elevators in what book?
A4: Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel have a system called compensation. This is a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab. This makes it easier to control the elevator, as it compensates for the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab. If the elevator cab is at the top of the hoist-way, there is a short length of hoist cable above the car and a long length of compensating cable below the car and vice versa for the counterweight. If the compensation system uses cables, there will be an additional sheave in the pit below the elevator, to guide the cables. If the compensation system uses chains, the chain is guided by a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines.

Q1: "Compensation" is the name of the system used for what type of elevators?
A1: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel
Q2: "Compensation" consists of what?
A2: a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab
Q3: What exactly does this system compensate for?
A3: the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab
Q4: What is the chain guided by in a compensation system that uses chains?
A4: a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state. Victoria felt "sick at heart" to see her daughter leave England for Germany; "It really makes me shudder", she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, "when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one." Almost exactly a year later, Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Kaiser.

Q1: Who did Victorias eldest daughter marry?
A1: Prince Frederick William of Prussia
Q2: Where did Victoria's oldest daughter get married?
A2: London
Q3: How old was Princess Victoria when she agreed to marry the Prince?
A3: 14
Q4: How old was Princess Victoria when she was married?
A4: 17
Q5: Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married?
A5: Germany
Q6: Who did Princess Victoria marry at the age of 17? 
A6: Prince Frederick William of Prussia
Q7: How old was Princess Victoria when she became engaged to Prince Frederick? 
A7: 14
Q8: Where did Princess Victoria and her husband leave for after their marriage? 
A8: Germany
Q9: What was the name of Queen Victoria's first grandchild? 
A9: Wilhelm
Q10: What position did Wilhelm later hold in Germany? 
A10: last German Kaiser
Q11: When was Victoria's oldest daughter married?
A11: Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt
Q12: How old was Victoria's oldest daughter when she was amrried?
A12: 17
Q13: What did Queen Victoria hope for the marriage between her daughter and Prince Frederick William?
A13: liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state
Q14: Who was the Queen's first grandchild?
A14: Wilhelm
Q15: What future awaited the first grandson of Queen Victoria?
A15: the last German Kaiser
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation,) allotting Germany a larger part of Poland and transferring Lithuania's territory (with the exception of left bank of river Scheschupe, the "Lithuanian Strip") from the envisioned German sphere to the Soviets. On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and German Reich issued a joint declaration in which they declared:

Q1: After amending the joint agreement, who received the larger portion of Lithuania?
A1: Germany
Q2: What was the amended joint agreement called?
A2: German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation
Q3: How long after the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made?
A3: Eleven days
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

Elimination of Polish elites and intelligentia was part of Generalplan Ost. The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's 'leadership class', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940. As the result of this operation in 10 regional actions about 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed. It was continued in May 1940 when Germany launched AB-Aktion, More than 16,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone.

Q1: Who were the “intelligentia?” 
A1: Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists
Q2: How long did liquidation occur?
A2: fall of 1939 till spring of 1940
Q3:  How many intelligentia were killed during operation AB-Akiton?
A3: 16,000 members
Title: Humanism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Eliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic culte founded on human principles – a secular Religion of Humanity (which worshiped the dead, since most humans who have ever lived are dead), complete with holidays and liturgy, modeled on the rituals of what was seen as a discredited and dilapidated Catholicism. Although Comte's English followers, like Eliot and Martineau, for the most part rejected the full gloomy panoply of his system, they liked the idea of a religion of humanity. Comte's austere vision of the universe, his injunction to "vivre pour altrui" ("live for others", from which comes the word "altruism"), and his idealisation of women inform the works of Victorian novelists and poets from George Eliot and Matthew Arnold to Thomas Hardy.

Q1: What abolitionist was greatly affected by the writings of Comte?
A1: Harriet Martineau
Q2: What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism?
A2: atheistic
Q3: What main idea did the English believers of Comte's philosophy take from his writings?
A3: religion of humanity
Q4: What currently used word was based in ideas from this philosopher?
A4: altruism
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

Elizabeth I of England, primarily interested in trade with the east, collaborated with English merchants to form the first trading companies to the far-flung regions, using their own jargon. Their goals were to obtain trading concessions by treaty. The queen chartered the Company of Merchants of the Levant, shortened to Levant Company, and soon known also as The Turkey Company, in 1581. In 1582, the ship The Great Susan transported the first ambassador, William Harebone, to the Ottoman Porte (government of the Ottoman Empire) at Constantinople. Compared to Anatolia, Levant also means "land of the rising sun," but where Anatolia always only meant the projection of land currently occupied by the Republic of Turkey, Levant meant anywhere in the domain ruled by the Ottoman Porte. The East India Company (short for a much longer formal name) was chartered in 1600 for trade to the East Indies.

Q1: Where was Elizabeth I from?
A1: England
Q2: What was Elizabeth primarily interested in? 
A2: trade with the east
Q3: Who did Elizabeth I collaborate with?
A3: English merchants
Q4: What was the goal of the first trading companies?
A4: obtain trading concessions by treaty
Q5: What company was charted in 1600 for trade to the East Indies?
A5: The East India Company
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Elizabeth and Philip were married on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey. They received 2500 wedding gifts from around the world. Because Britain had not yet completely recovered from the devastation of the war, Elizabeth required ration coupons to buy the material for her gown, which was designed by Norman Hartnell. In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. The Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, was not invited either.

Q1: When were Elizabeth and Philip married?
A1: 20 November 1947
Q2: At what famous cathedral was Elizabeth married?
A2: Westminster Abbey
Q3: How many wedding gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive?
A3: 2500
Q4: Who designed Elizabeth's wedding gown?
A4: Norman Hartnell
Q5: What former King was not invited to the wedding?
A5: Duke of Windsor
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Elizabeth has held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, is Sovereign of many orders in her own countries, and has received honours and awards from around the world. In each of her realms she has a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Jamaica and her other realms and territories in Jamaica, Queen of Australia and her other realms and territories in Australia, etc. In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown dependencies rather than separate realms, she is known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster. When in conversation with the Queen, the practice is to initially address her as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma'am.

Q1: What feature do Elizabeth's titles usually follow in each country?
A1: similar formula
Q2: What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Mann?
A2: Crown dependencies
Q3: What si Elizabeth's title in the Channel Islands?
A3: Duke of Normandy
Q4: What is Elizabeth's title on the Isle of Mann?
A4: Lord of Mann
Q5: Once in conversation with the Queen, how is Elizabeth addressed?
A5: Ma'am
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London house: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[c] and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother. Called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery.

Q1: During whose reign was Elizabeth born?
A1: King George V
Q2: What was Elizabeth's fathers title at the time of her birth?
A2: Prince Albert, Duke of York
Q3: What title and name did Elizabeth's father take upon becoming king?
A3: King George VI
Q4: Which Bishop of York baptized Elizabeth? 
A4: Cosmo Gordon Lang
Q5: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young?
A5: Lilibet
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.

Q1: In what city was Elizabeth born?
A1: London
Q2: At the time of her birth, what was the rank of Elizabeth's parents?
A2: Duke and Duchess of York
Q3: What were Elizabeth's parents' titles after ascending to the throne?
A3: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
Q4: How many children did Elizabeth's parents have?
A4: two daughters
Q5: What event caused Elizabeth's father to become King?
A5: abdication of his brother
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.

Q1: Who is the world's oldest reigning monarch?
A1: Elizabeth
Q2: Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer?
A2: Queen Victoria
Q3: How is Victoria related to Elizabeth?
A3: great-great-grandmother
Q4: In what year did Elizabeth pass Victoria's length of rule?
A4: 2015
Q5: In the history of what is Elizabeth the longest reigning queen?
A5: world history
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as "Crawfie". Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved".

Q1: Who was Elizabeth only sibling?P
A1: Princess Margaret
Q2: When was Princess Margaret born?
A2: 1930
Q3: Where were the royal princesses educated?
A3: at home
Q4: Who was Marion Crawford to the princesses?
A4: governess
Q5: What was the title of the book written by Crawford about the princesses?
A5: The Little Princesses
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years. Jock Colville, who was her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth in 1971 at £2 million (equivalent to about £25 million today). In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated". She inherited an estimated £70 million estate from her mother in 2002. The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 estimated her private wealth at £340 million, making her the 302nd richest person in the UK.

Q1: What has been a subject of speculation concerning Elizabeth's wealth?
A1: personal fortune
Q2: What was Elizabeth's wealth extimated to be in 1971?
A2: £2 million
Q3: What did the palace call estimates of Elizabeth wealth in 1993?
A3: "grossly overstated"
Q4: What did the Sunday Times estimate Elizabeth's fortune to be in 2015?
A4: £340 million
Q5: Where does Elizabeth's wealth place her in the list of the richest in the UK?
A5: 302nd
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that "the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction." He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th century were of the view that Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion during the 18th century. He also states that Chinese writers of the early 20th century described Tibet as a feudal dependency of China, not an integral part of it. Sperling states that this is because "Tibet was ruled as such, within the empires of the Mongols and the Manchus" and also that "China's intervening Ming dynasty ... had no control over Tibet." He writes that the Ming relationship with Tibet is problematic for China’s insistence of its unbroken sovereignty over Tibet since the 13th century. As for the Tibetan view that Tibet was never subject to the rule of the Yuan or Qing emperors of China, Sperling also discounts this by stating that Tibet was "subject to rules, laws and decisions made by the Yuan and Qing rulers" and that even Tibetans described themselves as subjects of these emperors.

Q1: Who said Tibet  wasn't an integral part of of China?
A1: Chinese writers of the early 20th century
Q2: What does Sperling claim did not have any control over Tibet?
A2: China's intervening Ming dynasty
Q3: Since what century has Sperling described Ming and Tibet's relation being problematic for China? 
A3: the 13th century
Q4: When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion?
A4: the 18th century
Title: Baptists
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Elsewhere in the Americas, in the Caribbean in particular, Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement. In Jamaica, for example, William Knibb, a prominent British Baptist missionary, worked toward the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies (which took place in 1838). Knibb also protagonised the creation of "Free Villages"; rural communities centred around a Baptist church where emancipated slaves could farm their own land. Baptists were likewise active in promoting the education of former slaves; for example, Jamaica's Calabar High School, named after the slave port of Calabar, was formed by Baptist missionaries. At the same time, during and after slavery, slaves and free formed their own Spiritual Baptist movements - breakaway spiritual movements which often expressed resistance to oppression.

Q1: Where did Baptist missionaries take an active role in the anti-slavery movement?
A1: the Caribbean
Q2: Who was a prominent British Baptist missionary in Jamaica?
A2: William Knibb
Q3: Where did William Knibb work toward the emancipation of slaves?
A3: the British West Indies
Q4: Knibb also protagonised the creation of what?
A4: Free Villages
Q5: What was named after the slave port of Calabar?
A5: Jamaica's Calabar High School
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road.

Q1: In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?
A1: 1290
Q2: Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?
A2: Conduit Head
Q3: What year did the friars start letting the rest of Southampton use the water from their system?
A3: 1310
Q4: When was ownership of the medieval water supply system given to the town of Southampton?
A4: 1420
Q5: What's the name of the landmark on Commercial Road where remains of the friars' water system can be seen?
A5: Conduit House
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Embezzlement is the theft of entrusted funds. It is political when it involves public money taken by a public official for use by anyone not specified by the public. A common type of embezzlement is that of personal use of entrusted government resources; for example, when an official assigns public employees to renovate his own house.

Q1: When entrusted funds are stolen, it is called what?
A1: Embezzlement
Q2: It is considered political when it involves what kind of money?
A2: public
Q3: One form of political embezzlement is when a politician uses government resources for what use?
A3: personal
Title: Hard_rock
Topic: Music

Emerging British acts included Free, who released their signature song "All Right Now" (1970), which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US. After the breakup of the band in 1973, vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company, whose eponymous first album (1974) was an international hit. The mixture of hard rock and progressive rock, evident in the works of Deep Purple, was pursued more directly by bands like Uriah Heep and Argent. Scottish band Nazareth released their self-titled début album in 1971, producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling, Hair of the Dog (1975), which contained the proto-power ballad "Love Hurts". Having enjoyed some national success in the early 1970s, Queen, after the release of Sheer Heart Attack (1974) and A Night at the Opera (1975), gained international recognition with a sound that used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with heavy metal, progressive rock, and even opera. The latter featured the single "Bohemian Rhapsody", which stayed at number one in the UK charts for nine weeks.

Q1: When did Free break up?
A1: 1973
Q2: What band did Free lead singer Paul Rodgers help form?
A2: Bad Company
Q3: Bad Company's self titled debut album was released in what year?
A3: 1974
Q4: What nationality was the band Nazareth?
A4: Scottish
Q5: What was Queen's massive 1975 hit single called?
A5: "Bohemian Rhapsody"
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Emigrants from Siberia that walked across the Bering land bridge into North America may have had dogs in their company, and one writer suggests that the use of sled dogs may have been critical to the success of the waves that entered North America roughly 12,000 years ago, although the earliest archaeological evidence of dog-like canids in North America dates from about 9,400 years ago.:104 Dogs were an important part of life for the Athabascan population in North America, and were their only domesticated animal. Dogs also carried much of the load in the migration of the Apache and Navajo tribes 1,400 years ago. Use of dogs as pack animals in these cultures often persisted after the introduction of the horse to North America.

Q1: What type of working dog may have been the reason so many humans were able to get into North America 12,000 tears ago?
A1: sled dogs
Q2: What did ancient people walk across from Siberia into North America?
A2: Bering land bridge
Q3: How old are the oldest findings of dogs in North America?
A3: 9,400 years
Q4: Evidence places dogs in North America when?
A4: 12,000 years ago
Q5: Dogs were the only domesticated animals for what North American population?
A5: Athabascan
Q6: Dogs contributed to what migration 1400 years ago?
A6: Apache and Navajo tribes
Q7: People still used dogs as pack animals even after what other animal began being used for this purpose?
A7: horse
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families by the Argentine government to determine if the continent was suitable for family life. In 1984, Juan Pablo Camacho was born at the Frei Montalva Station, becoming the first Chilean born in Antarctica. Several bases are now home to families with children attending schools at the station. As of 2009, eleven children were born in Antarctica (south of the 60th parallel south): eight at the Argentine Esperanza Base and three at the Chilean Frei Montalva Station.

Q1: Who was the first person born south of the 60th parallel?
A1: Emilio Marcos Palma
Q2: Where is the continental limit of Antarctica?
A2: 60th parallel south
Q3: When was Palma born?
A3: 1978
Q4: What was the Palma family sent to Antarctica to determine?
A4: suitable for family life
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the particular school's general emphasis on either cognitive components of emotion, physical energy discharging, or on symbolic movement and facial expression components of emotion, different schools of psychotherapy approach the regulation of emotion differently. Cognitively oriented schools approach them via their cognitive components, such as rational emotive behavior therapy. Yet others approach emotions via symbolic movement and facial expression components (like in contemporary Gestalt therapy).

Q1: What is the term for the strategies used by people to influence their emotional experiences?
A1: Emotion regulation
Q2: What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where unwanted emotions might be experienced?
A2: behavioral
Q3: Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools?
A3: Cognitively oriented schools
Q4: What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions?
A4: Gestalt therapy
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, disposition, and motivation. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events. For example, the realization of danger and subsequent arousal of the nervous system (e.g. rapid heartbeat and breathing, sweating, muscle tension) is integral to the experience of fear. Other theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition.

Q1: Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?
A1: personality
Q2: What do some theories see as an important part of emotion?
A2: cognition
Q3: Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?
A3: rapid heartbeat and breathing
Q4: Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?
A4: nervous
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Emotions are complex. According to some theories, they are a state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior. The physiology of emotion is closely linked to arousal of the nervous system with various states and strengths of arousal relating, apparently, to particular emotions. Emotion is also linked to behavioral tendency. Extroverted people are more likely to be social and express their emotions, while introverted people are more likely to be more socially withdrawn and conceal their emotions. Emotion is often the driving force behind motivation, positive or negative. Definition has been described as is a "positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity." According to other theories, emotions are not causal forces but simply syndromes of components, which might include motivation, feeling, behavior, and physiological changes, but no one of these components is the emotion. Nor is the emotion an entity that causes these components

Q1: What system of the body is related to emotion's physiology?
A1: nervous
Q2: What sorts of people are more likely to be emotionally expressive?
A2: Extroverted
Q3: What type of people hide their emotions?
A3: introverted
Q4: What is emotion frequently responsible for driving?
A4: motivation
Q5: Along with physical changes, what sort of changes do emotions sometimes cause?
A5: psychological
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the center of the brain called the limbic system, which includes the hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampi, and other structures. More recent research has shown that some of these limbic structures are not as directly related to emotion as others are while some non-limbic structures have been found to be of greater emotional relevance.

Q1: When did Broca publish his pioneering work?
A1: 1878
Q2: Who published a work in 1937 on the relationship between emotion and the limbic system?
A2: Papez
Q3: Along with the cingulate cortex and hippocampi, what structure is a notable part of the limbic system?
A3: hypothalamus
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenotype temperaments affect social connectedness and fitness in complex social systems (Kurt Kortschal 2013). These characteristics are shared with other species and taxa and are due to the effects of genes and their continuous transmission. Information that is encoded in the DNA sequences provides the blueprint for assembling proteins that make up our cells. Zygotes require genetic information from their parental germ cells, and at every speciation event, heritable traits that have enabled its ancestor to survive and reproduce successfully are passed down along with new traits that could be potentially beneficial to the offspring. In the five million years since the linages leading to modern humans and chimpanzees split, only about 1.2% of their genetic material has been modified. This suggests that everything that separates us from chimpanzees must be encoded in that very small amount of DNA, including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent behavioral phenotypes. In voles (Microtus spp.) minor genetic differences have been identified in a vasopressin receptor gene that corresponds to major species differences in social organization and the mating system (Hammock & Young 2005). Another potential example with behavioral differences is the FOCP2 gene, which is involved in neural circuitry handling speech and language (Vargha-Khadem et al. 2005). Its present form in humans differed from that of the chimpanzees by only a few mutations and has been present for about 200,000 years, coinciding with the beginning of modern humans (Enard et al. 2002). Speech, language, and social organization are all part of the basis for emotions.

Q1: Who researched the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?
A1: Kurt Kortschal
Q2: From where do zygotes derive their genetic information?
A2: their parental germ cells
Q3: What percentage of difference is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?
A3: 1.2%
Q4: How many million years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?
A4: five
Q5: About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?
A5: 200,000 years
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechanisms. Psychotherapist Michael C. Graham describes all emotions as existing on a continuum of intensity. Thus fear might range from mild concern to terror or shame might range from simple embarrassment to toxic shame. Emotions have also been described as biologically given and a result of evolution because they provided good solutions to ancient and recurring problems that faced our ancestors. Moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that often lack a contextual stimulus.

Q1: Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?
A1: Michael C. Graham
Q2: What is Michael Graham's profession?
A2: Psychotherapist
Q3: What is an example of an extreme form of fear?
A3: terror
Q4: What would be an example of mild shame?
A4: embarrassment
Q5: What are non-intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?
A5: Moods