LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, controls the military intelligence and security operations, and has sole power to declare war or peace. The heads of the judiciary, state radio and television networks, the commanders of the police and military forces and six of the twelve members of the Guardian Council are appointed by the Supreme Leader. The Assembly of Experts elects and dismisses the Supreme Leader on the basis of qualifications and popular esteem.

Q1: The Iranina Islamic Republic is based on what document?
A1: the 1979 Constitution
Q2: What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as?
A2: Supreme Leader
Q3: Who is the Commander in Chief of the Iranian Army?
A3: The Supreme Leader
Q4: The Supreme Leader appoints how many members of the Guardian Council?
A4: six
Q5: Who is responsible for electing and dismissing the Supreme Leader?
A5: The Assembly of Experts
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

The political turmoil continued. John began to explore an alliance with the French king Philip II, freshly returned from the crusade. John hoped to acquire Normandy, Anjou and the other lands in France held by Richard in exchange for allying himself with Philip. John was persuaded not to pursue an alliance by his mother. Longchamp, who had left England after Walter's intervention, now returned, and argued that he had been wrongly removed as justiciar. John intervened, suppressing Longchamp's claims in return for promises of support from the royal administration, including a reaffirmation of his position as heir to the throne. When Richard still did not return from the crusade, John began to assert that his brother was dead or otherwise permanently lost. Richard had in fact been captured en route to England by the Duke of Austria and was handed over to Emperor Henry VI, who held him for ransom. John seized the opportunity and went to Paris, where he formed an alliance with Philip. He agreed to set aside his wife, Isabella of Gloucester, and marry Philip's sister, Alys, in exchange for Philip's support. Fighting broke out in England between forces loyal to Richard and those being gathered by John. John's military position was weak and he agreed to a truce; in early 1194 the king finally returned to England, and John's remaining forces surrendered. John retreated to Normandy, where Richard finally found him later that year. Richard declared that his younger brother – despite being 27 years old – was merely "a child who has had evil counsellors" and forgave him, but removed his lands with the exception of Ireland.

Q1: Who did John explore an alliance with?
A1: French king Philip II
Q2: What did John do when Richard did not return from his crusade?
A2: assert that his brother was dead
Q3: Who captured Richard?
A3: Duke of Austria
Q4: When did the king return to England?
A4: 1194
Title: Zhejiang
Topic: Geography and places

The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China. The Governor of Zhejiang is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinate to the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Zhejiang CPC Party Chief".

Q1: How are the politics of Zhejiang structured?
A1: a dual party-government system
Q2: Who is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang?
A2: The Governor of Zhejiang
Q3: Who is the Governor subordinate to?
A3: the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary
Q4: What is the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary provincially known as?
A4: Zhejiang CPC Party Chief
Q5: What type of party-government system are all governing institutions in Mainland China?
A5: dual
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.

Q1: When was gay marriage legalized in Mexico City?
A1: December 2009
Q2: What political leaning does Mexico City take?
A2: more liberal than those of the rest of the country
Q3: When were the economic laws passed in Mexico City?
A3: 1980s
Q4: Compared to other cities in Latin America, how early did Mexico City legalize same sex marriage?
A4: first
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th century, a cappella polyphony had further developed, but gradually, the cantata began to take the place of a cappella forms. 16th century a cappella polyphony, nonetheless, continued to influence church composers throughout this period and to the present day. Recent evidence has shown that some of the early pieces by Palestrina, such as what was written for the Sistine Chapel was intended to be accompanied by an organ "doubling" some or all of the voices. Such is seen in the life of Palestrina becoming a major influence on Bach, most notably in the aforementioned Mass in B Minor. Other composers that utilized the a cappella style, if only for the occasional piece, were Claudio Monteverdi and his masterpiece, Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata (A lover's tears at his beloved's grave), which was composed in 1610, and Andrea Gabrieli when upon his death it was discovered many choral pieces, one of which was in the unaccompanied style. Learning from the preceding two composeres, Heinrich Schütz utilized the a cappella style in numerous pieces, chief among these were the pieces in the oratorio style, which were traditionally performed during the Easter week and dealt with the religious subject matter of that week, such as Christ's suffering and the Passion. Five of Schutz's Historien were Easter pieces, and of these the latter three, which dealt with the passion from three different viewpoints, those of Matthew, Luke and John, were all done a cappella style. This was a near requirement for this type of piece, and the parts of the crowd were sung while the solo parts which were the quoted parts from either Christ or the authors were performed in a plainchant.

Q1: Who was a known composer of A cappella music in the 15th century?
A1: Josquin des Prez
Q2: Bach was influenced by a popular A cappella composer heavily for what composition?
A2: Mass in B Minor
Q3: How many of Schutz's Easter pieces were in the A cappella style?
A3: three
Q4: Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata's well known A cappella composition was written in what year?
A4: 1610
Q5: Some compositions were found after which composer's death?
A5: Andrea Gabrieli
Title: Thuringia
Topic: History

The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students).

Q1: Where is the civil service college of Thuringia?
A1: Gotha
Q2: How many students attend the college of music in Thuringia?
A2: 800
Q3: How many schools offer polytechnics?
A3: Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemployment rate had reached 10.2% – a 23-year record high. In December 2009, ratings agency Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to "negative" from "stable," voicing pessimism on the country's structural weaknesses in the economy and weak competitiveness that would hamper growth and the capacity to strengthen its public finances and reduce debt. In July 2011, ratings agency Moody's downgraded its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011.

Q1: What magazine described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe?"
A1: The Economist
Q2: Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?
A2: 65%
Q3: What percentage did the unemployment rate reach in December, 2009?
A3: 10.2%
Q4: In 2009, what rating did Standard & Poor's assign to Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
A4: negative
Q5: In which year did Moody's downgrade Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
A5: 2011
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

The popular sports in Tuvalu include kilikiti, Ano, football, futsal, volleyball, handball, basketball and rugby union. Tuvalu has sports organisations for athletics, badminton, tennis, table tennis, volleyball, football, basketball, rugby union, weightlifting and powerlifting. At the 2013 Pacific Mini Games, Tuau Lapua Lapua won Tuvalu's first gold medal in an international competition in the weightlifting 62 kilogram male snatch. (He also won bronze in the clean and jerk, and obtained the silver medal overall for the combined event.) In 2015 Telupe Iosefa received the first gold medal won by Tuvalu at the Pacific Games in the powerlifting 120 kg male division.

Q1: What athlete won Tuvalu's first gold metal in competition? 
A1: Tuau Lapua Lapua
Q2: In which competition did Lapua win a metal for Tuvalu?
A2: Pacific Mini Games
Q3: In what contests did Lapua win  metals for Tuvalu?
A3: weightlifting
Q4: Who won a gold metal at the Pacific Games?
A4: Telupe Iosefa
Q5: In what type of competition did Telupe losefa win in 2015?
A5: powerlifting
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to scrutiny from parent groups and government agencies, which culminated in Senate hearings that led to the establishment of the Comics Code Authority self-censoring body. The Code has been blamed for stunting the growth of American comics and maintaining its low status in American society for much of the remainder of the century. Superheroes re-established themselves as the most prominent comic book genre by the early 1960s. Underground comix challenged the Code and readers with adult, countercultural content in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The underground gave birth to the alternative comics movement in the 1980s and its mature, often experimental content in non-superhero genres.

Q1: Which genre of comic books had parents concerned?
A1: crime and horror
Q2: Which group was created after a Senate hearing on comic books content?
A2: Comics Code Authority
Q3: When did super heroes become popular again in comic books?
A3: 1960s
Q4: When did the alternative comics movement begin?
A4: 1980s
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God. The moon is under her feet and a halo of twelve stars surround her head, possibly a reference to "a woman clothed with the sun" from Revelation 12:1-2. Additional imagery may include clouds, a golden light, and cherubs. In some paintings the cherubim are holding lilies and roses, flowers often associated with Mary.

Q1: What became very popular symbol among the who believed Mary had a Virgin for a mother ? 
A1: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head to) God
Q2: What does Mary stand upon in this symbol?
A2: moon is under her feet
Q3: What does Mary where atop her hair that twinkles in the symbol ?
A3: a halo of twelve stars surround her head
Q4: What else can be found in the symbol with Mary that may vary in different versions ?
A4: clouds, a golden light, and cherubs. In some paintings the cherubim are holding lilies and roses, flowers often associated with Mary.
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptures, where Israel offered praise with instruments by God's own command (2 Chronicles 29:25). The shofar is the only temple instrument still being used today in the synagogue, and it is only used from Rosh Chodesh Elul through the end of Yom Kippur. The shofar is used by itself, without any vocal accompaniment, and is limited to a very strictly defined set of sounds and specific places in the synagogue service.

Q1: What is the name of the philosopher who praised music without instruments?
A1: Philo
Q2: What did Philo's views on the absence of instruments clash with?
A2: Jewish scriptures
Q3: What is the one instrument still in use today by the synagogue?
A3: shofar
Q4: The shofar stops being used at the end of what Jewish event?
A4: Yom Kippur
Q5: How is the shofar used?
A5: by itself, without any vocal accompaniment
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

The population density normally reported for Oklahoma City using the area of its city limits can be a bit misleading. Its urbanized zone covers roughly 244 sq mi (630 km2) resulting in a density of 2,500 per square mile (2013 est), compared with larger rural watershed areas incorporated by the city, which cover the remaining 377 sq mi (980 km2) of the city limits.

Q1: What covers the remaining 377 square miles?
A1: rural watershed areas
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

The population geneticist Sewall Wright developed one way of measuring genetic differences between populations known as the Fixation index, which is often abbreviated to FST. This statistic is often used in taxonomy to compare differences between any two given populations by measuring the genetic differences among and between populations for individual genes, or for many genes simultaneously. It is often stated that the fixation index for humans is about 0.15. This translates to an estimated 85% of the variation measured in the overall human population is found within individuals of the same population, and about 15% of the variation occurs between populations. These estimates imply that any two individuals from different populations are almost as likely to be more similar to each other than either is to a member of their own group. Richard Lewontin, who affirmed these ratios, thus concluded neither "race" nor "subspecies" were appropriate or useful ways to describe human populations. However, others have noticed that group variation was relatively similar to the variation observed in other mammalian species.

Q1: What did Sewall Wright develop one way of measuring?
A1: genetic differences between populations
Q2: What was Wright's method known as?
A2: the Fixation index
Q3: What is the often stated FST for humans?
A3: 0.15
Q4: Richard Lewontin, upon looking at the FST ratios, concluded race wasn't an appropriate or useful way to describe what?
A4: human populations
Q5: Human group variation is similar to variation observed in what other species?
A5: mammalian
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

The population grew rapidly, from 800,000 in 1814 to 914,000 in 1830 and 1,067,000 in 1846. The combination of economic and demographic factors led to hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people. Thus, it is not surprising that people left Alsace, not only for Paris – where the Alsatian community grew in numbers, with famous members such as Baron Haussmann – but also for more distant places like Russia and the Austrian Empire, to take advantage of the new opportunities offered there: Austria had conquered lands in Eastern Europe from the Ottoman Empire and offered generous terms to colonists as a way of consolidating its hold on the new territories. Many Alsatians also began to sail to the United States, settling in many areas from 1820 to 1850. In 1843 and 1844, sailing ships bringing immigrant families from Alsace arrived at the port of New York. Some settled in Illinois, many to farm or to seek success in commercial ventures: for example, the sailing ships Sully (in May 1843) and Iowa (in June 1844) brought families who set up homes in northern Illinois and northern Indiana. Some Alsatian immigrants were noted for their roles in 19th-century American economic development. Others ventured to Canada to settle in southwestern Ontario, notably Waterloo County.

Q1: What was the population of Alsace in 1846?
A1: 1,067,000
Q2: What were the reasons for people to begin leaving Alsace?
A2: hunger, housing shortages and a lack of work for young people
Q3: Between what years did Alatians begin to sail towards the United States?
A3: 1820 to 1850
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

The population of England rose rapidly during the 19th and 20th centuries whereas the populations of Scotland and Wales have shown little increase during the 20th century, with the population of Scotland remaining unchanged since 1951. Ireland for most of its history comprised a population proportionate to its land area (about one third of the total population). However, since the Great Irish Famine, the population of Ireland has fallen to less than one tenth of the population of the British Isles. The famine, which caused a century-long population decline, drastically reduced the Irish population and permanently altered the demographic make-up of the British Isles. On a global scale, this disaster led to the creation of an Irish diaspora that numbers fifteen times the current population of the island.

Q1: Which two areas in the British Isles hasn't experienced a large population growth in the last one hundred years?
A1: Scotland and Wales
Q2: How does Ireland's population compare to the rest of the British Isles?
A2: less than one tenth of the population of the British Isles
Q3: How long did the Great Irish Famine cause a population decline in Ireland?
A3: century-long population decline
Q4: How large is the Irish diaspora that was caused by the Great Irish Famine?
A4: fifteen times the current population of the island
Title: Israel
Topic: History

The population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2016 to be 8,476,600 people. It is the world's only Jewish-majority state, with 6,345,400 citizens, or 74.9%, being designated as Jewish. The country's second largest group of citizens are denoted as Arabs, numbering 1,760,400 people (including the Druze and most East Jerusalem Arabs). The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims, with smaller but significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins; the rest are Christians and Druze. Other far smaller minorities include Maronites, Samaritans, Dom people and Roma, Black Hebrew Israelites, other Sub-Saharan Africans, Armenians, Circassians, Vietnamese boat people, and others. Israel also hosts a significant population of non-citizen foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia.

Q1: What was the population of Israel in 2016?
A1: 8,476,600
Q2: How many citizens in Israel are Jewish?
A2: 6,345,400
Q3: How many citizens in Israel are Arab?
A3: 1,760,400
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014. This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls "urban audit core cities". The Paris Urban Area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census, the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow. The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.

Q1: In Janurary of 2014, what was the population of Paris' city limits?
A1: 2,241,346
Q2: Where is Paris ranked in the EU by largest municipality?
A2: fifth
Q3: What 4 cities are larger than Paris in the EU?
A3: London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome
Q4: Who created The Paris Urban Area?
A4: INSEE
Q5: According to the INSEE what is Paris Urban Area population?
A5: 10,550,350
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss came to an end in the 21st century; the population estimate of July 2004 showed a population increase for the first time since 1954, and the population reached 2,234,000 by 2009.

Q1: What is Paris' peak population?
A1: 2.9 million
Q2: When was Paris' population peak?
A2: 1921
Q3: What year was the first population increase since 1954?
A3: 2004
Q4: What was the population in 2009?
A4: 2,234,000
Title: East_Prussia
Topic: History

The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians decreased over time due to the process of Germanization. The Polish-speaking population concentrated in the south of the province (Masuria and Warmia) and all German geographic atlases at the start of 20th century showed the southern part of East Prussia as Polish with the number of Poles estimated at the time to be 300,000. Kursenieki inhabited the areas around the Curonian lagoon, while Lithuanian-speaking Prussians concentrated in the northeast in (Lithuania Minor). The Old Prussian ethnic group became completely Germanized over time and the Old Prussian language died out in the 18th century.

Q1: Was the population of the Prussian province in 1900?
A1: 1,996,626 people
Q2: Which religious group made up the majority of the population in Prussia?
A2: Protestants
Q3: Due to Germanization which three groups saw a decrease in Prussia?
A3: Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

The population of the region is 14 million spread across eight countries. On the rim of the mountains, on the plateaus and the plains the economy consists of manufacturing and service jobs whereas in the higher altitudes and in the mountains farming is still essential to the economy. Farming and forestry continue to be mainstays of Alpine culture, industries that provide for export to the cities and maintain the mountain ecology.

Q1: What is the population of the Alpine region?
A1: 14 million
Q2: What does the economy consist of on the rim of the mountains?
A2: manufacturing and service jobs
Q3: Farming and Forestry continue to be a mainstay of what?
A3: Alpine culture
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

The populations of those lands did not accept Turkish rule. The Turks to them were foreigners with completely different customs, way of life, and language. Intervals when there was no unrest were rare. The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by 1688. Serbia was created by the Serbian Revolution, 1815–1833. The Greek War of Independence, 1821–1832, created modern Greece, which recovered most of the lands of ancient Greece, but could not gain Constantinople. The Ottoman Porte was continuously under attack from some quarter in its empire, primarily the Balkans. Also, on a number of occasions in the early 19th century, American and British warships had to attack the Barbary pirates to stop their piracy and recover thousands of enslaved Europeans and Americans.

Q1: The populations did not accept what?
A1: Turkish rule
Q2: The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year? 
A2: 1688
Q3: What created Serbia?
A3: the Serbian Revolution
Q4: When was the Serbian Revolution?
A4: 1815–1833
Q5: When was the Greek War of Independence?
A5: 1821–1832
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

The port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cruise ships. Traffic includes also almost 5 million tonnes of cargo and 80.000 TEU yearly. The port also has links to minor sicilian islands such as Ustica and the Aeolian Islands (via Cefalù in summer). Inside the Port of Palermo there is a section known as "tourist marina" for sailing yachts and catamarans.

Q1: Which port is Sicily's primary port?
A1: The port of Palermo
Q2: How many passengers travel by Palermo ferry annually?
A2: 2 million
Q3: How many passengers do Palermo's ferries carry each year?
A3: 2 million
Q4: For what is the "tourist marina" dedicated?
A4: sailing yachts and catamarans
Q5: What cities do the ferries of Palermo travel to?
A5: Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded. It gives natural protection to ships, although two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves. This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930. These six decades saw the construction of the port's first wooden pier, several warehouses in La Aguada, the north and south Rambla, a river port, a new pier, the dredged river basin and the La Teja refinery. A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works. Since the second half of the 20th century, physical changes have ceased, and since that time the area has degraded due to national economic stagnation.

Q1: What gives natural protection to ships in Montevideo?
A1: The port on Montevideo Bay
Q2: Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place?
A2: 1870 and 1930
Q3: What happened in 1923 that required repairs to many of the city's engineering works?
A3: A major storm
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 and has continued to expand.

Q1: What famous ship left Southampton's port carrying the Pilgrim Fathers?
A1: Mayflower
Q2: What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton?
A2: 1620
Q3: How many crew members out of every five on the RMS Titanic were Sotonians?
A3: Four
Q4: What company operated passenger ships across the Atlantic, including the RMS Queen Elizabeth?
A4: Cunard
Q5: In what year did Southampton Container Terminals open?
A5: 1968
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

The portable or table lamp is probably the most common fixture, found in many homes and offices. The standard lamp and shade that sits on a table is general lighting, while the desk lamp is considered task lighting. Magnifier lamps are also task lighting.

Q1: What is one type of fixture commonly found in offices?
A1: table lamp
Q2: Magnifier lamps are considered what type of lighting? 
A2: task lighting
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

The portion of the city south of the James River is known as the Southside. Neighborhoods in the city's Southside area range from affluent and middle class suburban neighborhoods Westover Hills, Forest Hill, Southampton, Stratford Hills, Oxford, Huguenot Hills, Hobby Hill, and Woodland Heights to the impoverished Manchester and Blackwell areas, the Hillside Court housing projects, and the ailing Jefferson Davis Highway commercial corridor. Other Southside neighborhoods include Fawnbrook, Broad Rock, Cherry Gardens, Cullenwood, and Beaufont Hills. Much of Southside developed a suburban character as part of Chesterfield County before being annexed by Richmond, most notably in 1970.

Q1: What name is given to the part of Richmond located to the south of the James?
A1: Southside
Q2: Along with the affluent, what is the socioeconomic class of the inhabitants of the Southside?
A2: middle class
Q3: What notable public housing projects are present in the Southside?
A3: Hillside Court
Q4: Prior to joining Richmond, what county was a significant portion of Southside part of?
A4: Chesterfield
Q5: What is the economic status of the Manchester part of Richmond?
A5: impoverished
Title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though still numerically identical with them). A perdurantist on the other hand holds that for a thing to exist through time is for it to exist as a continuous reality, and that when we consider the thing as a whole we must consider an aggregate of all its "temporal parts" or instances of existing. Endurantism is seen as the conventional view and flows out of our pre-philosophical ideas (when I talk to somebody I think I am talking to that person as a complete object, and not just a part of a cross-temporal being), but perdurantists have attacked this position. (An example of a perdurantist is David Lewis.) One argument perdurantists use to state the superiority of their view is that perdurantism is able to take account of change in objects.

Q1: How similar are the positions on the persistence of objects?
A1: somewhat similar
Q2: Who holds  that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times?
A2: endurantist
Q3: Who holds for a thing to exist through time is for it to exist as a continuous reality?
A3: perdurantist
Q4: Which view is seen as conventional?
A4: Endurantism
Q5: Who is an example of a perdurantist?
A5: David Lewis
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

The possibility of unlikely victories in the earlier rounds of the competition, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition, known as "giant killings", is much anticipated by the public, and is considered an integral part of the tradition and prestige of the competition, alongside that gained by teams winning the competition. Almost every club in the League Pyramid has a fondly remembered giant-killing act in its history. It is considered particularly newsworthy when a top Premier League team suffers an upset defeat, or where the giant-killer is a non-league club, i.e. from outside the professional levels of The Football League.

Q1: Do people look forward to Cinderella matches? 
A1: where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition, known as "giant killings", is much anticipated by the public
Q2: What do people think about giant killers? 
A2: is considered an integral part of the tradition and prestige of the competition
Q3: Does giant killing happen often? 
A3: Almost every club in the League Pyramid has a fondly remembered giant-killing act in its history
Q4: Does the media showcase giant killers? 
A4: . It is considered particularly newsworthy when a top Premier League team suffers an upset defeat, or where the giant-killer is a non-league club
Q5: What is a giant killer? 
A5: unlikely victories in the earlier rounds of the competition, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible.

Q1: What is an example of a treaty from which it is not possible to withdraw?
A1: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Q2: What state declared its intention to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?
A2: North Korea
Q3: Who, acting as registrar, informed North Korea that withdrawal was deliberately precluded by the original signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?
A3: the Secretary-General of the United Nations
Q4: What two factors determine whether it is possible to withdraw from a treaty?
A4: the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire
Q5: The terms and travaux preparatoire of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights were both factors in determining what aspect of the treaty as it relates to North Korea's stated intentions?
A5: The possibility of withdrawal
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister".

Q1: Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government?
A1: parliamentary republics
Q2: In whic type of government is the leader elected?
A2: parliamentary republics
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet structure while applying increasingly liberal reforms to the governance of the constituent republics and subjects (while also coming into conflict with Chechen secessionist rebels during the Chechen War). Some of the reforms under Yeltsin were scaled back by Vladimir Putin.

Q1: What happened to Russia's subdivision of government? 
A1: changed towards a generally autonomous model
Q2: When was Russia's subdivision liberalized?
A2: in the aftermath of the Soviet Union
Q3: Who was in charge when the reforms was going on? 
A3: Boris Yeltsin
Q4: Who scaled back some reforms from Yeltsin? 
A4: Vladimir Putin
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

The post-Mughal era was dominated by the rise of the Maratha suzerainty as other small regional states (mostly late Mughal tributary states) emerged, and also by the increasing activities of European powers. There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was the Maratha confederacy. The Maratha kingdom was founded and consolidated by Chatrapati Shivaji, a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhonsle clan who was determined to establish Hindavi Swarajya. Sir J.N. Sarkar described Shivaji as "the last great constructive genius and nation builder that the Hindu race has produced". However, the credit for making the Marathas formidable power nationally goes to Peshwa Bajirao I. Historian K.K. Datta wrote about Bajirao I:

Q1: The rise of what dynasty followed the era of the Mughals?
A1: Maratha suzerainty
Q2: What founding was of importance in the  decline of the Mughals?
A2: Maratha confederacy
Q3: Who consolidated the Maratha kingdom?
A3: Chatrapati Shivaji
Q4: What did J.N. Sarkar say of Shivaji's nation building?
A4: great constructive genius
Q5: Who made the Marathas a strong power?
A5: Peshwa Bajirao I
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

The potential solar energy that could be used by humans differs from the amount of solar energy present near the surface of the planet because factors such as geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limits the amount of solar energy that we can acquire.

Q1: Why does the amount of usable solar energy differ from the amount near the planets surface?
A1: geography, time variation, cloud cover, and the land available to humans
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as raising taxes without parliament's approval. After the English Civil War, it was accepted that parliament should be summoned to meet regularly, but it was still commonplace for monarchs to refuse royal assent to bills. In 1678, Charles II withheld his assent from a bill "for preserving the Peace of the Kingdom by raising the Militia, and continuing them in Duty for Two and Forty Days," suggesting that he, not parliament, should control the militia. The last Stuart monarch, Anne, similarly withheld on 11 March 1708, on the advice of her ministers, her assent from a bill for the settling of Militia in Scotland. No monarch has since withheld royal assent on a bill passed by the British parliament.

Q1: Which monarch was responsible for dissolving parliament in 1629?
A1: Charles I
Q2: What is one action this monarch took that is typically left to the discretion of parliament?
A2: raising taxes
Q3: After which event was it decided that parliament should meet on a regular basis?
A3: English Civil War
Q4: Like Charles II had previously done, the last Stuart monarch withheld assent. Who was this monarch?
A4: Anne
Q5: Which ruler removed parliament in 1629?
A5: Charles I
Q6: What did motions attempt to accomplish that prompted Charles I to dissolve parliament in 1629?
A6: restrict his arbitrary exercise of power
Q7: When was the last time royal assent was enacted?
A7: 11 March 1708
Q8: Who was the last monarch to use the royal assent in 1708?
A8: Anne
Q9: Under whose advice did Anne withold the royal assent?
A9: her ministers
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings.

Q1: From whom did ministers derive their power?
A1: the monarch
Q2: Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet?
A2: the monarch
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction except in cases involving states and cases affecting foreign ambassadors, ministers or consuls.

Q1: Who can limit judicial review of a law?
A1: Congress
Q2: Who's judicial power does congress have the right to limit?
A2: the Supreme Court
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

The practice has received both advocacy and criticism. Putting clocks forward benefits retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours, but can cause problems for evening entertainment and for other activities tied to sunlight, such as farming. Although some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting, which used to be a primary use of electricity, modern heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly and research about how DST affects energy use is limited or contradictory.

Q1: What used to be the main draw on electricity?
A1: incandescent lighting
Q2: What industry having to do with shopping benefits from DST?
A2: retailing
Q3: In addition to entertainment events that take place after working hours, what profession might suffer because of DST?
A3: farming
Q4: Research on DST is uncertain because we aren't sure how it affects the use of what?
A4: energy
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated from one unit, and tested for validity before being passed into another unit. One option for interface testing is to keep a separate log file of data items being passed, often with a timestamp logged to allow analysis of thousands of cases of data passed between units for days or weeks. Tests can include checking the handling of some extreme data values while other interface variables are passed as normal values. Unusual data values in an interface can help explain unexpected performance in the next unit. Component interface testing is a variation of black-box testing, with the focus on the data values beyond just the related actions of a subsystem component.

Q1: What is it called to check data passed between units?
A1: component interface testing
Q2: What is it called when data is being passed?
A2: message packets
Q3: What is an option  of component interface testing  used while sending message packets?
A3: keep a separate log file of data items being passed
Q4: What is a variation of black-box testing?
A4: Component interface testing
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy."

Q1: What did the Royal Charter give to the Stationers' Company of London?
A1: monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter
Q2: How does Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy?
A2: in relation to copyright infringement
Q3: What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original is protected by copyright law?
A3: seized on importation
Q4: When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted?
A4: 1994
Q5: Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what?
A5: peer-to-peer file sharing networks
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

The practice of playing one or two preseason exhibition games by each team before the start of the regular season was discontinued when the NBC contract was initiated, and the regular season was extended from 14 games, the length that it had been since 1996, to 16 from 2001 to 2010, and since 2016. From 2011 to 2015, the regular season league expanded to 18 games, with each team having two bye weeks and the option of two preseason games.

Q1: A contract with what television network led to the discontinuation of exhibition games in the preseason?
A1: NBC
Q2: How many games was the regular season in 1996?
A2: 14
Q3: How many games were played in the 2001 regular season?
A3: 16
Q4: How many games long was the 2011 regular season?
A4: 18
Q5: How many games will each team play in the 2016 regular season?
A5: 16