LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the Anschluss, the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent exile. His most important works in the field of social science—The Poverty of Historicism (1944) and The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945)—were inspired by his reflection on the events of his time and represented, in a sense, a reaction to the prevalent totalitarian ideologies that then dominated Central European politics. His books defended democratic liberalism as a social and political philosophy. They also represented extensive critiques of the philosophical presuppositions underpinning all forms of totalitarianism.

Q1: What political ideology dominated Austrian politics in the decades before the second world war?
A1: fascism
Q2: What key event in 1938 pushed Popper into exile from Austria?
A2: the Anschluss
Q3: What political ideology do Popper's major works defend?
A3: democratic liberalism
Q4: What form of political organization do Popper's works mainly critique?
A4: totalitarianism
Q5: What was the Anschluss?
A5: the annexation of Austria by the German Reich
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint. Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy. The music on these occasions is essentially folk and appealing. It forms a part of the folk music through mystic messages. The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Bulleh Shah at Kasur, urs of Hazrat Imam Bari (Bari Shah Latif) at Rawalpindi-Islamabad and urs of Shah Inayar Qadri (the murrshad of Bulleh Shah) in Lahore.

Q1: What are urs?
A1: fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints
Q2: When are urs held?
A2: the death anniversary of the saint
Q3: What genre of music is played at urs?
A3: folk
Q4: Where is Buksh's shrine?
A4: Lahore
Q5: Where is Zakria's shrine?
A5: Multan
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

The family of instruments used, especially in orchestras, grew. A wider array of percussion instruments began to appear. Brass instruments took on larger roles, as the introduction of rotary valves made it possible for them to play a wider range of notes. The size of the orchestra (typically around 40 in the Classical era) grew to be over 100. Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8, for example, has been performed with over 150 instrumentalists and choirs of over 400.

Q1: To what number did the size of the orchestra grow to?
A1: 100
Q2: What size of choirs have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?
A2: over 400
Q3: What size orchestras have performed Gustav Mahler's 1906 Symphony No. 8?
A3: over 150
Q4: What allowed Brass instruments to play a wider range of notes?
A4: rotary valves
Q5: What array of instrument grew wider?
A5: percussion
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

The farmer, or specifically the small landowner-cultivator, was ranked just below scholars and officials in the social hierarchy. Other agricultural cultivators were of a lower status, such as tenants, wage laborers, and in rare cases slaves. Artisans and craftsmen had a legal and socioeconomic status between that of owner-cultivator farmers and common merchants. State-registered merchants, who were forced by law to wear white-colored clothes and pay high commercial taxes, were considered by the gentry as social parasites with a contemptible status. These were often petty shopkeepers of urban marketplaces; merchants such as industrialists and itinerant traders working between a network of cities could avoid registering as merchants and were often wealthier and more powerful than the vast majority of government officials. Wealthy landowners, such as nobles and officials, often provided lodging for retainers who provided valuable work or duties, sometimes including fighting bandits or riding into battle. Unlike slaves, retainers could come and go from their master's home as they pleased. Medical physicians, pig breeders, and butchers had a fairly high social status, while occultist diviners, runners, and messengers had low status.

Q1: Who were considered to be below the social rank that scholars held?
A1: The farmer
Q2: What color of clothing were merchants that had registered with the state forced to wear?
A2: white-colored
Q3: Who would retainers in the employ of nobles occasionally have to fight?
A3: bandits
Q4: Who was commonly considered by some to be social parasites?
A4: State-registered merchants
Q5: How could a merchant prevent having to register as one?
A5: working between a network of cities
Title: Florida
Topic: Geography and places

The fast-growing I-4 corridor area, which runs through Central Florida and connects the cities of Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, has had a fairly even breakdown of Republican and Democratic voters. The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion, making it the biggest swing area in the state. Since the late 20th century, the voting results in this area, containing 40% of Florida voters, has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections.

Q1: What is the make up politically of florida's fastest growing area 
A1: Daytona Beach, Orlando, and Tampa/St. Petersburg, has had a fairly even breakdown of Republican and Democratic voters
Q2: The area is viewed as what politically
A2: The area is often seen as a merging point of the conservative northern portion of the state and the liberal southern portion
Q3: The vote in this area since the late 20th century decides what 
A3: the voting results in this area, containing 40% of Florida voters, has often determined who will win the state of Florida in presidential elections
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

The fate of Willett's 1907 proposal illustrates several political issues involved. The proposal attracted many supporters, including Balfour, Churchill, Lloyd George, MacDonald, Edward VII (who used half-hour DST at Sandringham), the managing director of Harrods, and the manager of the National Bank. However, the opposition was stronger: it included Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, Christie (the Astronomer Royal), George Darwin, Napier Shaw (director of the Meteorological Office), many agricultural organizations, and theatre owners. After many hearings the proposal was narrowly defeated in a Parliament committee vote in 1909. Willett's allies introduced similar bills every year from 1911 through 1914, to no avail. The US was even more skeptical: Andrew Peters introduced a DST bill to the US House of Representatives in May 1909, but it soon died in committee.

Q1: Which political supporter of Willett's proposal had already used the half-hour version of DST at Sandringham?
A1: Edward VII
Q2: What was the name of the director of the Meteorological Office who opposed DST?
A2: Napier Shaw
Q3: What year did Parliament first take a vote and decide against implementing daylight savings?
A3: 1909
Q4: Who was responsible for bringing a bill proposing DST to the U.S. House of Representatives?
A4: Andrew Peters
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wild boar (Sus scrofa), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, American bison Bison bison, cougar (Puma concolor), eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum, bobcat Lynx rufus, Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans. American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers. The Mexican wolf, once abundant, has been extirpated. The main cause of degradation has been grazing. Although there are many reptilian species in the mountains the most observed species include: Northern Mexican pine snake, Pituophis deppei jani, Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus), black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), and plateau tiger salamander Ambystoma velasci, one of possibly many amphibians to be found in the mountains.

Q1: Canis latrans is what animal?
A1: coyote
Q2: Ursus Americanus is what animal that is found in relatively small numbers?
A2: American black bear
Q3: The main cause of degradation has been what?
A3: grazing
Q4: What type of snake is most popular in the region with many different species?
A4: rattlesnake
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Topic: Social sciences and society

The federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'." The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." For discussion of the meaning and scope of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, see the Hispanic and Latino Americans and Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States articles.

Q1: How many ethnicities or federal agencies required to use in data collection?
A1: a minimum of two
Q2: How would a person of Cuban origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?
A2: Hispanic or Latino
Q3: Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use?
A3: Not Hispanic or Latino
Q4: In which ethnic category would a person of Mexican origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?
A4: Hispanic or Latino
Q5: In what ethnic category would a person from Puerto Rico to be listed in the United States Census?
A5: Hispanic or Latino
Title: Beyoncé
Topic: Music

The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls and by singer Josephine Baker. Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas. Beyoncé's third solo album I Am... Sasha Fierce was inspired by Jay Z and especially by Etta James, whose "boldness" inspired Beyoncé to explore other musical genres and styles. Her fourth solo album, 4, was inspired by Fela Kuti, 1990s R&B, Earth, Wind & Fire, DeBarge, Lionel Richie, Teena Marie with additional influences by The Jackson 5, New Edition, Adele, Florence and the Machine, and Prince.

Q1: What themes were influenced by her acting role in Dreamgirls?
A1: feminism and female empowerment
Q2: Which singer did Beyonce honor by entertaining with her song "Deja Vu"?
A2: Josephine Baker
Q3: Who motivated Beyonce to explore other areas of music?
A3: Etta James
Q4: What movie influenced Beyonce towards empowerment themes? 
A4: Dreamgirls
Q5: How did Etta James influence her?
A5: boldness
Q6: Where did she perform wearing Baker's hula skirt?
A6: 2006 Fashion Rocks concert
Q7: What singer inspired Beyoncé's B'Day album?
A7: Josephine Baker.
Q8: What song did Beyoncé sing at a 2006 concert to honor Josephine Baker?
A8: Déjà Vu
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and the Indus Valley Civilization in Ancient India (modern-day Pakistan and some parts of India). Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.

Q1: What is the most frequent use of cotton?
A1: fabric
Q2: To what date has cotton been dated?
A2: 5000 BC
Q3: Where in India has cotton been found from prehistoric times?
A3: Indus Valley
Q4: In what Central American country has cotton use been found from early times?
A4: Mexico
Q5: What machinery has lead to the  easily made and widespread use of cotton?
A5: cotton gin
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. The brain is also the most important organ studied in psychiatry, the branch of medicine that works to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders. Cognitive science seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as computer science (artificial intelligence and similar fields) and philosophy.

Q1: What field of science studies the brain and the central nervous system?
A1: neuroscience
Q2: What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior?
A2: Psychology
Q3: What field of science strives to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system?
A3: neurology
Q4: Psychiatry is the branch of science that does what?
A4: study, prevent, and treat mental disorders
Q5: Cognitive science seeks to join what two branches of science with other fields?
A5: neuroscience and psychology
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

The fifty American states are separate sovereigns, with their own state constitutions, state governments, and state courts. All states have a legislative branch which enacts state statutes, an executive branch that promulgates state regulations pursuant to statutory authorization, and a judicial branch that applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations, as well as local ordinances. They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the federal Constitution, federal statutes, or international treaties ratified by the federal Senate. Normally, state supreme courts are the final interpreters of state constitutions and state law, unless their interpretation itself presents a federal issue, in which case a decision may be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court by way of a petition for writ of certiorari. State laws have dramatically diverged in the centuries since independence, to the extent that the United States cannot be regarded as one legal system as to the majority of types of law traditionally under state control, but must be regarded as 50 separate systems of tort law, family law, property law, contract law, criminal law, and so on.

Q1: What does each state posess?
A1: state constitutions, state governments, and state courts
Q2: What are the 50 states in the Union known as?
A2: separate sovereigns
Q3: Which branch of government promulgates state regulations?
A3: executive branch
Q4: What branch of government enacts state statutes?
A4: legislative branch
Q5: Which ranch applies, interprets, and occasionally overturns both state statutes and regulations?
A5: judicial branch
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

The fighter aircraft of the USAF are small, fast, and maneuverable military aircraft primarily used for air-to-air combat. Many of these fighters have secondary ground-attack capabilities, and some are dual-roled as fighter-bombers (e.g., the F-16 Fighting Falcon); the term "fighter" is also sometimes used colloquially for dedicated ground-attack aircraft. Other missions include interception of bombers and other fighters, reconnaissance, and patrol. The F-16 is currently used by the USAF Air Demonstration squadron, the Thunderbirds, while a small number of both man-rated and non-man-rated F-4 Phantom II are retained as QF-4 aircraft for use as Full Scale Aerial Targets (FSAT) or as part of the USAF Heritage Flight program. These extant QF-4 aircraft are being replaced in the FSAT role by early model F-16 aircraft converted to QF-16 configuration. The USAF has 2,025 fighters in service as of September 2012.

Q1: What is the primary function of the USAF fighter aircraft?
A1: air-to-air combat
Q2: What is the name of a type of dual purpose fighter-bomber aircraft used by the US Air Force?
A2: F-16 Fighting Falcon
Q3: What aircraft is used by the US Air Demonstration group The Thunderbirds?
A3: F-16
Q4: What kind of aircraft is utilized by the USAF in Full Scale Aerial Targets?
A4: F-4 Phantom II
Q5: What are the QF-4 aircraft being replaced by the US Air Force? 
A5: early model F-16 aircraft converted to QF-16 configuration
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

The fighting within the town had become extremely intense, becoming a door to door battle of survival. Despite a never-ending attack of Prussian infantry, the soldiers of the 2nd Division kept to their positions. The people of the town of Wissembourg finally surrendered to the Germans. The French troops who did not surrender retreated westward, leaving behind 1,000 dead and wounded and another 1,000 prisoners and all of their remaining ammunition. The final attack by the Prussian troops also cost c. 1,000 casualties. The German cavalry then failed to pursue the French and lost touch with them. The attackers had an initial superiority of numbers, a broad deployment which made envelopment highly likely but the effectiveness of French Chassepot rifle-fire inflicted costly repulses on infantry attacks, until the French infantry had been extensively bombarded by the Prussian artillery.

Q1: Which town's people surrendered to the Germans?
A1: Wissembourg
Q2: In which direction did the French troops who did not surrender head?
A2: westward
Q3: How many dead troops leave behind?
A3: 1,000 dead
Q4: How many prisoners did the French leave behind?
A4: 1,000 prisoners
Q5: What weapon once again increased the effectiveness of the infantry attacks?
A5: French Chassepot
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

The figure of the "tragic octoroon" was a stock character of abolitionist literature: a mixed-race woman raised as if a white woman in her white father's household, until his bankruptcy or death has her reduced to a menial position She may even be unaware of her status before being reduced to victimization. The first character of this type was the heroine of Lydia Maria Child's "The Quadroons" (1842), a short story. This character allowed abolitionists to draw attention to the sexual exploitation in slavery and, unlike portrayals of the suffering of the field hands, did not allow slaveholders to retort that the sufferings of Northern mill hands were no easier. The Northern mill owner would not sell his own children into slavery.

Q1: What stock character lived with her white father until he left the picture?
A1: "tragic octoroon"
Q2: Who was the first to use the tragic octoroon?
A2: Lydia Maria Child
Q3: What story was written by Child in 1842?
A3: "The Quadroons"
Q4: What does the tragic octoroon point out?
A4: sexual exploitation in slavery
Q5: Who used the figure of the tragic octoroon?
A5: abolitionists
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies
Topic: History

The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the base form of programming for TCM upon the network's launch. Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT – along with colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon. After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for video release (the rest of the library went to Turner Home Entertainment).

Q1: On what network did Turner Entertainment's film library air prior to the creation of TCM?
A1: TNT
Q2: What was a notable film that Turner colorized?
A2: The Maltese Falcon
Q3: Who did Turner ink a deal with to distribute Warner Bros. films from before 1950?
A3: MGM/UA
Q4: The MGM/UA-Turner deal concerned MGM films released prior to what date?
A4: May 1986
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

The final chapter reviews points from earlier chapters, and Darwin concludes by hoping that his theory might produce revolutionary changes in many fields of natural history. Although he avoids the controversial topic of human origins in the rest of the book so as not to prejudice readers against his theory, here he ventures a cautious hint that psychology would be put on a new foundation and that "Light will be thrown on the origin of man". Darwin ends with a passage that became well known and much quoted:

Q1: What hopes does Darwin have for his theory in the natural history fields?
A1: that his theory might produce revolutionary changes
Q2: Why did Darwin avoid the topic of the origins of humans in most of his book?
A2: so as not to prejudice readers against his theory
Q3: What does Darwin allude to hoping in the final chapter of On the Origin of Species about humans?
A3: that psychology would be put on a new foundation and that "Light will be thrown on the origin of man"
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

The final decades of the 20th century have seen the rise of a new interdisciplinary approach to studying human psychology, known collectively as cognitive science. Cognitive science again considers the mind as a subject for investigation, using the tools of psychology, linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neurobiology. New methods of visualizing the activity of the brain, such as PET scans and CAT scans, began to exert their influence as well, leading some researchers to investigate the mind by investigating the brain, rather than cognition. These new forms of investigation assume that a wide understanding of the human mind is possible, and that such an understanding may be applied to other research domains, such as artificial intelligence.

Q1: What is the group that human psychology belongs to?
A1: cognitive science
Q2: What is investigated in cognitive science?
A2: the mind
Q3: What inventions advanced the study of cognitive science?
A3: PET scans and CAT scans
Q4: What new technology could be created as a result of studying cognitive science?
A4: artificial intelligence
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since it opened, in 2007. The rebuilding process meant that between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in Wales. Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium since it opened in 1923 (being originally named the Empire Stadium). One exception to this 78 year series of Empire Stadium finals (including five replays) was the 1970 replay between Leeds and Chelsea, held at Old Trafford in Manchester.

Q1: Where is the final played now? 
A1: The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium
Q2: When did this stadium open? 
A2: it opened, in 2007.
Q3: Where was the FA cup held while this stadium was built? 
A3: between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium
Q4: Where is Millennium Stadium located? 
A4: Cardiff in Wales
Q5: Was it always held in Millennium Stadium? 
A5: Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West Ham United (1980). With the exception of Tottenham, these clubs were all playing in the second tier (the old Second Division) - Tottenham were playing in the Southern League and were only elected to the Football League in 1908, meaning they are the only non-league winners of the FA Cup. Other than Tottenham's victory, only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier, with a record of 7 wins and 17 runners-up: and none at all from the third tier or lower, Southampton (1902) being the last finalist from outside the top two tiers.

Q1: Has the final been played by a two clubs outside of the top divisions? 
A1: The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division
Q2: Has the final been won by a club outside of the top divisions? 
A2: there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight
Q3: Who was the first outside club to win? 
A3: Notts County
Q4: What year did that take place? 
A4: 1894
Q5: How many second tier have made the finals? 
A5: only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May. The only seasons in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000, when most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment, and 2010–11 and 2012–13 when the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final, as well as in 2011–12 to allow England time to prepare for that summer's European Championships.

Q1: When does the final take place? 
A1: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May.
Q2: Was there a time this was not the case? 
A2: in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000
Q3: Why was that? 
A3: most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment
Q4: Did that ever happen again? 
A4: 2010–11 and 2012–13
Q5: What happened during those years? 
A5: the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

The final major aspect of identity formation is self-esteem. Self-esteem is defined as one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity. Most theories on self-esteem state that there is a grand desire, across all genders and ages, to maintain, protect and enhance their self-esteem. Contrary to popular belief, there is no empirical evidence for a significant drop in self-esteem over the course of adolescence. "Barometric self-esteem" fluctuates rapidly and can cause severe distress and anxiety, but baseline self-esteem remains highly stable across adolescence. The validity of global self-esteem scales has been questioned, and many suggest that more specific scales might reveal more about the adolescent experience. Girls are most likely to enjoy high self-esteem when engaged in supportive relationships with friends, the most important function of friendship to them is having someone who can provide social and moral support. When they fail to win friends' approval or couldn't find someone with whom to share common activities and common interests, in these cases, girls suffer from low self-esteem. In contrast, boys are more concerned with establishing and asserting their independence and defining their relation to authority. As such, they are more likely to derive high self-esteem from their ability to successfully influence their friends; on the other hand, the lack of romantic competence, for example, failure to win or maintain the affection of the opposite or same-sex (depending on sexual orientation), is the major contributor to low self-esteem in adolescent boys. Due to the fact that both men and women happen to have a low self-esteem after ending a romantic relationship, they are prone to other symptoms that is caused by this state. Depression and hopelessness are only two of the various symptoms and it is said that women are twice as likely to experience depression and men are three to four times more likely to commit suicide (Mearns, 1991; Ustun & Sartorius, 1995).

Q1: Which term is defined as one's thoughts and feelings about one's self-concept and identity?
A1: Self-esteem
Q2: Is there evidence to support a drop in self-esteem during adolescence?
A2: no
Q3: Which type of self-esteem fluctuates rapidly and can cause severe distress and anxiety?
A3: Barometric self-esteem
Q4: Which type of self-esteem remains stable throughout adolescence?
A4: baseline self-esteem
Q5: What is the most important function of friendship?
A5: having someone who can provide social and moral support
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic
Topic: History

The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Q1: What was Soviet Russia called as of 1937?
A1: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Q2: What document changed the name of Russia in 1937?
A2: the Russian Constitution of 1937
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson. Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender, but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds, such as her performance of Aretha Franklin's "Natural Woman", and Betty Hutton's "Stuff Like That There", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002.

Q1: What year did Kelly Clarkson win?
A1: 2002
Q2: Who was the runner up to Kelly Clarkson?
A2: Justin Guarini
Q3: What month did Kelly Clarkson win?
A3: September
Q4: Of the final two, which was an early favorite to win?
A4: Justin Guarini
Q5: Who won the first season of American Idol?
A5: Kelly Clarkson
Q6: When did Clarkson win the crown?
A6: September 4, 2002
Title: Umayyad_Caliphate
Topic: History

The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantines, which had lapsed following the failure of the last siege of Constantinople. The new campaigns resulted in a number of successful raids into Anatolia, but also in a major defeat (the Battle of Akroinon), and did not lead to any significant territorial expansion.

Q1: Who was the father of Hisham?
A1: Abd al-Malik
Q2: When did Hisham's reign start?
A2: 724
Q3: Where did Hisham base his court?
A3: Resafa
Q4: What notable defeat was suffered by the Arabs under Hisham?
A4: Battle of Akroinon
Q5: In what part of Syria was Resafa located?
A5: northern
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

The final stage of database design is to make the decisions that affect performance, scalability, recovery, security, and the like. This is often called physical database design. A key goal during this stage is data independence, meaning that the decisions made for performance optimization purposes should be invisible to end-users and applications. Physical design is driven mainly by performance requirements, and requires a good knowledge of the expected workload and access patterns, and a deep understanding of the features offered by the chosen DBMS.

Q1: What decisions must be made in the last stage of database design?
A1: performance, scalability, recovery, security
Q2: What is an important goal in in this final stage?
A2: data independence
Q3: What factor is reflected in performance requirements?
A3: Physical design
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The final two contestants were Lee DeWyze and Bowersox. DeWyze was declared the winner during the May 26 finale. No new song was used as coronation song this year; instead, the two finalists each released a cover song – DeWyze chose U2's "Beautiful Day", and Bowersox chose Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain". This is the first season where neither finalist achieved significant album sales.

Q1: Who was the winner of American Idols ninth season?
A1: Lee DeWyze
Q2: What U2 song was released by Lee DeWyze after winning American Idol?
A2: Beautiful Day
Q3: When was the finale held?
A3: May 26
Q4: What song did DeWyze cover for his first release?
A4: Beautiful Day
Q5: Which song did Bowersox cover for her first release?
A5: Up to the Mountain
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The finale is the two-hour last episode of the season, culminating in revealing the winner. For seasons one, three through six, and fourteen, it was broadcast from the Dolby Theatre, which has an audience capacity of approximately 3,400. The finale for season two took place at the Gibson Amphitheatre, which has an audience capacity of over 6,000. In seasons seven through thirteen, the venue was at the Nokia Theatre, which holds an audience of over 7,000.

Q1: What venue was the American Idol season seven finale held at?
A1: the Nokia Theatre
Q2: How many people can attend an American Idol finale at the Dolby Theatre?
A2: 3,400
Q3: In what episode is the winner of American Idol revealed?
A3: The finale
Q4: Where was the season one finale broadcast from?
A4: Dolby Theatre
Q5: How many audience members can fit in Dolby Theatre?
A5: 3,400
Q6: What is the capacity for Gibson Ampitheatre?
A6: 6,000
Q7: For seasons 7-13, the season finale was held where?
A7: Nokia Theatre
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The finalists were Cook and Archuleta. David Cook was announced the winner on May 21, 2008, the first rocker to win the show. Both Cook and Archuleta had some success as recording artists with both selling over a million albums in the U.S.

Q1: Who won season seven of American Idol?
A1: David Cook
Q2: Who was the first Rock and Roll artist to win American Idol?
A2: David Cook
Q3: When was the winner announced?
A3: May 21, 2008
Q4: Who was the winner?
A4: David Cook
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The finals are broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in season one, eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve, which lasted ten weeks, and season thirteen, which lasted for thirteen weeks. Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown, disco, or big band, songs by artists such as Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley or The Beatles, or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant's year of birth. Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme. In season ten, Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season. Initially the contestants sing one song each week, but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards, then three songs for the top two or three.

Q1: Where studio hosts the live final rounds on American Idol?
A1: CBS Television City
Q2: Who was the mentor on season ten of American Idol? 
A2: Jimmy Iovine
Q3: How many weeks did the finals of season thirteen last?
A3: thirteen
Q4: How many weeks did the finals last in the first season?
A4: eight
Q5: Where are the finals broadcast from?
A5: CBS Television City
Q6: Who was a mentor for the contestants in Season 10?
A6: Jimmy Iovine
Q7: How many songs do contestants sing initially in the finals?
A7: one
Q8: When do contestants start singing two songs?
A8: top four or five
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argument and estimates of timing) 12 economists with predicting the crisis: Dean Baker (US), Wynne Godley (UK), Fred Harrison (UK), Michael Hudson (US), Eric Janszen (US), Steve Keen (Australia), Jakob Brøchner Madsen & Jens Kjaer Sørensen (Denmark), Kurt Richebächer (US), Nouriel Roubini (US), Peter Schiff (US), and Robert Shiller (US). Examples of other experts who gave indications of a financial crisis have also been given. Not surprisingly, the Austrian economic school regarded the crisis as a vindication and classic example of a predictable credit-fueled bubble that could not forestall the disregarded but inevitable effect of an artificial, manufactured laxity in monetary supply, a perspective that even former Fed Chair Alan Greenspan in Congressional testimony confessed himself forced to return to.

Q1: Who was one of the only mainstream economist to predict the financial crisis?
A1: Raghuram Rajan
Q2: What did Raghuram Rajan speak of?
A2: Great Moderation
Q3: Who credit 12 heterodox economists with predicting the crisis in his research credits?
A3: Dirk Bezemer
Q4: How did the Austrian economic school regard the crisis?
A4: as a vindication
Q5: Which former Fed Chair confessed in Congressional testimony to being forced to return to lax monetary supply?
A5: Alan Greenspan
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme. First, interchanged allophones of the same phoneme can result in unrecognizable words. Second, actual speech, even at a word level, is highly co-articulated, so it is problematic to expect to be able to splice words into simple segments without affecting speech perception.

Q1: How do speech perception and articulation findings and insights affect previous and more traditional ideas?
A1: complicate
Q2: How does interchanging allophones of the same pheneme render words?
A2: unrecognizable
Q3: What does splicing words affect?
A3: speech perception
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

The fire service, known as the Barun Yantra Karyalaya, opened its first station in Kathmandu in 1937 with a single vehicle. An iron tower was erected to monitor the city and watch for fire. As a precautionary measure, firemen were sent to the areas which were designated as accident-prone areas. In 1944, the fire service was extended to the neighboring cities of Lalitpur and Bhaktapur. In 1966, a fire service was established in Kathmandu airport. In 1975, a West German government donation added seven fire engines to Kathmandu's fire service. The fire service in the city is also overlooked by an international non-governmental organization, the Firefighters Volunteer Association of Nepal (FAN), which was established in 2000 with the purpose of raising public awareness about fire and improving safety.

Q1: What is Kathmandu's fire department called?
A1: Barun Yantra Karyalaya
Q2: What year saw the founding of Kathmandu's fire department?
A2: 1937
Q3: When did Bhaktapur receive coverage from the fire department?
A3: 1944
Q4: How many fire trucks did West Germany donate to Kathmandu?
A4: seven
Q5: What is the mission of FAN?
A5: raising public awareness about fire and improving safety
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

The firm continued to pressure Kelsey and the agency to approve the application—until November 1961, when the drug was pulled off the German market because of its association with grave congenital abnormalities. Several thousand newborns in Europe and elsewhere suffered the teratogenic effects of thalidomide. Though the drug was never approved in the USA, the firm distributed Kevadon to over 1,000 physicians there under the guise of investigational use. Over 20,000 Americans received thalidomide in this "study," including 624 pregnant patients, and about 17 known newborns suffered the effects of the drug.[citation needed]

Q1: How many Americans were given the drug Kevadon?
A1: Over 20,000
Q2: When was the drug taken off shelves in Germany?
A2: November 1961
Q3: How many newborns were born with issues due to Kevadon?
A3: about 17
Q4: How was Kevadon distributed to doctors?
A4: under the guise of investigational use
Q5: Why was this drug pulled off shelves?
A5: association with grave congenital abnormalities
Q6: In what year was thalidomide banned in Germany?
A6: 1961
Q7: What adverse effect was thalidomide associated with?
A7: congenital abnormalities
Q8: Thalidomide was distributed in the USA by what name?
A8: Kevadon
Q9: About how many Americans received thalidomide in a supposed study?
A9: Over 20,000
Q10: How many newborn American babies were affected by thalidomide?
A10: 17
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

The firm of John Russell Pope designed Broad Street Station as well as Branch House on Monument Avenue, designed as a private residence in the Tudor style, now serving as the Branch Museum of Architecture and Design. Broad Street Station (or Union Station), designed in the Beaux-Arts style, is no longer a functioning station but is now home to the Science Museum of Virginia. Main Street Station, designed by Wilson, Harris, and Richards, has been returned to use in its original purpose. The Jefferson Hotel and the Commonwealth Club were both designed by the classically trained Beaux-Arts architects Carrère and Hastings. Many buildings on the University of Richmond campus, including Jeter Hall and Ryland Hall, were designed by Ralph Adams Cram, most famous for his Princeton University Chapel and the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.

Q1: What architectural style was used to design Branch House?
A1: Tudor
Q2: Who designed Branch House?
A2: John Russell Pope
Q3: What is another name for Broad Street Station?
A3: Union Station
Q4: What style of architecture was used in the design of Union Station?
A4: Beaux-Arts
Q5: Who designed the Commonwealth Club?
A5: Carrère and Hastings
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

The first "free election" (Polish: "wolna elekcja") of a king took place in 1492. (To be sure, some earlier Polish kings had been elected with help from bodies such as that which put Casimir II on the throne, thereby setting a precedent for free elections.) Only senators voted in the 1492 free election, which was won by John I Albert. For the duration of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, only members of that royal family were considered for election; later, there would be no restrictions on the choice of candidates.

Q1: When did the first free election take place?
A1: 1492
Q2: What was different about later elections then first free election?
A2: no restrictions on the choice of candidates.
Q3: Who only voted in the election of 1492?
A3: senators
Q4: Who won the election of 1492?
A4: John I Albert
Q5: What dynasty was in reign during the election of 1492?
A5: Jagiellonian Dynasty
Title: Unicode
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first 256 code points were made identical to the content of ISO-8859-1 so as to make it trivial to convert existing western text. Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those encodings to Unicode (and back) without losing any information. For example, the "fullwidth forms" section of code points encompasses a full Latin alphabet that is separate from the main Latin alphabet section because in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) fonts, these Latin characters are rendered at the same width as CJK ideographs, rather than at half the width. For other examples, see Duplicate characters in Unicode.

Q1: What were the first 256 code points of Unicode made identical to? 
A1: ISO-8859-1
Q2: Why were the first 256 code points made identical to ISO-8859-1?
A2: to make it trivial to convert existing western text
Q3: What does the "fullwidth forms" section of code points encompass?
A3: a full Latin alphabet that is separate from the main Latin alphabet
Q4: What are the CJK languages referenced?
A4: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
Title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration
Topic: History

The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established by Congress. As a result of a first Hoover Commission recommendation, in 1949 the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration (GSA). The Archivist served as a subordinate official to the GSA Administrator until the National Archives and Records Administration became an independent agency on April 1, 1985.

Q1: Who was the first Archivist at the National Archives?
A1: R.D.W. Connor
Q2: When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives?
A2: 1934
Q3: What branch of the US government established the National Archives?
A3: Congress
Q4: What commission merged the National Archives with GSA?
A4: Hoover Commission
Q5: The Archivist took on what role after the incorporation of the Nation Archives into GSA?
A5: subordinate official
Title: Armenians
Topic: Geography and places

The first Armenian churches were built between the 4th and 7th century, beginning when Armenia converted to Christianity, and ending with the Arab invasion of Armenia. The early churches were mostly simple basilicas, but some with side apses. By the fifth century the typical cupola cone in the center had become widely used. By the seventh century, centrally planned churches had been built and a more complicated niched buttress and radiating Hrip'simé style had formed. By the time of the Arab invasion, most of what we now know as classical Armenian architecture had formed.

Q1: When were early Armenian Christian churches built?
A1: between the 4th and 7th century
Q2: In which century did Armenia become Christian?
A2: 4th
Q3: What radiating style are some Armenian churches built with?
A3: Hrip'simé
Q4: When were Armenian churches built with center cupola cones?
A4: fifth century
Q5: When were Armenian churches built with niched buttresses?
A5: seventh century
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System
Topic: Engineering and technology

The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System (simplified Chinese: 北斗卫星导航试验系统; traditional Chinese: 北斗衛星導航試驗系統; pinyin: Běidǒu wèixīng dǎoháng shìyàn xìtǒng) and also known as BeiDou-1, consists of three satellites and offers limited coverage and applications. It has been offering navigation services, mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions, since 2000.

Q1: What was the first BeiDou system called?
A1: the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System
Q2: Who does the BeiDou-1 operate for?
A2: mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions
Q3: What is another name for the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System?
A3: BeiDou-1
Q4: How many satellites does the BeiDou-1 have?
A4: three
Q5: How long has the BeiDou-1 been operating?
A5: since 2000
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in 1788; the first female ascent in 1819. By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger).

Q1: When was the first British Mont Blanc ascent? 
A1: 1788
Q2: When was the first female ascent on Mont Blanc?
A2: 1819
Q3: When had Swiss mountaineers ascended most of the peaks? 
A3: the mid-1850s
Q4: What year did Edward Whymper reach the top of the Matterhorn?
A4: 1865
Q5: When were the last of the six great north faces of the Alps climbed? 
A5: 1938