LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Athanasius recounts being a student, as well as being educated by the Martyrs of the Great (tenth) and last persecution of Christianity by pagan Rome.[citation needed] This persecution was most severe in the East, particularly in Egypt and Palestine. Peter of Alexandria, the 17th archbishop of Alexandria, was martyred in 311 in the closing days of that persecution, and may have been one of those teachers. His successor as bishop of Alexandria, Alexander of Alexandria (312–328) was an Origenist as well as a documented mentor of Athanasius. According to Sozomen, Bishop Alexander "invited Athanasius to be his commensal and secretary. He had been well educated, and was versed in grammar and rhetoric, and had already, while still a young man, and before reaching the episcopate, given proof to those who dwelt with him of his wisdom and acumen". Athanasius's earliest work, Against the Heathen – On the Incarnation (written before 319), bears traces of Origenist Alexandrian thought (such as repeatedly quoting Plato and used a definition from Aristotle's Organon) but in an orthodox way. Athanasius was also familiar with the theories of various philosophical schools, and in particular with the developments of Neo-Platonism. Ultimately, Athanasius would modify the philosophical thought of the School of Alexandria away from the Origenist principles such as the "entirely allegorical interpretation of the text". Still, in later works, Athanasius quotes Homer more than once (Hist. Ar. 68, Orat. iv. 29). In his letter to Emperor Constantius, he presents a defense of himself bearing unmistakable traces of a study of Demosthenes de Corona.

Q1: Where was persecution of Christianity the worst?
A1: in the East
Q2: In what year was Peter of Alexandria martyred?
A2: in 311
Q3: Who could have been one of Athanasius's teachers?
A3: Peter of Alexandria
Q4: What suggests that Athanasius was familiar with ancient Greek philosophers?
A4: quoting Plato
Q5: What famous Greek author did Athanasius  quote?
A5: Homer
Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Athanasius's episcopate began on 9 May 328 as the Alexandrian Council elected Athanasius to succeed the aged Alexander. That council also denounced various heresies and schisms, many of which continued to preoccupy his 45-year-long episcopate (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373). Patriarch Athanasius spent over 17 years in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which Athanasius fled Alexandria to escape people seeking to take his life. This gave rise to the expression "Athanasius contra mundum" or "Athanasius against the world". However, during his first years as bishop, Athanasius visited the churches of his territory, which at that time included all of Egypt and Libya. He established contacts with the hermits and monks of the desert, including Pachomius, which proved very valuable to him over the years. Shortly thereafter, Athanasius became occupied with the theological disputes against Arians within the Byzantine Empire that would occupy much of his life.

Q1: Who did Athanasius succeed?
A1: Alexander
Q2: How many exiles did he endure?
A2: five exiles
Q3: The churches of what countries were in his territory?
A3: Egypt and Libya
Q4: Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs?
A4: disputes against Arians
Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. There, Eusebius of Nicomedia and other supporters of Arius deposed Athanasius. On 6 November, both sides of the dispute met with Emperor Constantine I in Constantinople. At that meeting, the Arians claimed Athanasius would try to cut off essential Egyptian grain supplies to Constantinople. He was found guilty, and sent into exile to Augusta Treverorum in Gaul (now Trier in Germany).

Q1: Did the followers of Meletius obey the guidelines of Nicaea?
A1: failed to abide
Q2: What was Athanasius accused of planning against the Arians?
A2: cut off essential Egyptian grain
Q3: What was the verdict of the accusation?
A3: was found guilty
Q4: What was his punishment?
A4: anathematized
Q5: Who was he accused of harming?
A5: Arians and Meletians
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. Alexandria had the monumental Museum (i.e. research center) and Library of Alexandria which was estimated to have had 700,000 volumes. The city of Pergamon also had a large library and became a major center of book production. The island of Rhodes had a library and also boasted a famous finishing school for politics and diplomacy. Libraries were also present in Antioch, Pella, and Kos. Cicero was educated in Athens and Mark Antony in Rhodes. Antioch was founded as a metropolis and center of Greek learning which retained its status into the era of Christianity. Seleucia replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris.

Q1: Which city held the most prestigious seat of higher education?
A1: Athens
Q2: What library was estimated to have 700,000 volumes?
A2: Library of Alexandria
Q3: Which city became a major center of book production?
A3: Pergamon
Q4: What island has a famous finishing school for diplomacy and politics?
A4: Rhodes
Q5: What replaced Babylon as the metropolis of the lower Tigris?
A5: Seleucia
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

Atkins, a former member of Cybotron, released Model 500 "No UFOs" in 1985, which became a regional hit, followed by dozens of tracks on Transmat, Metroplex and Fragile. One of the most unusual was "Strings of Life" by Derrick May, a darker, more intellectual strain of house. "Techno-Scratch" was released by the Knights Of The Turntable in 1984 which had a similar techno sound to Cybotron. The manager of the Factory nightclub and co-owner of the Haçienda, Tony Wilson, also promoted acid house culture on his weekly TV show. The Midlands also embraced the late 1980s house scene with illegal parties and more legal dance clubs such as The Hummingbird.

Q1: atkins was a former member of what music group?
A1: Cybotron
Q2: what hit single did atkins release in 1985?
A2: "No UFOs"
Q3: what unusual single did derrick may release, featuring a darker strain of house?
A3: "Strings of Life"
Q4: what did knights of the turntable release in 1984?
A4: Techno-Scratch
Q5: who was the manager of the factory nightclub and co-owner of the hacienda?
A5: Tony Wilson
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

Atlantic City (sometimes referred to as "Monopoly City") has become well-known over the years for its portrayal in the U.S. version of the popular board game, Monopoly, in which properties on the board are named after locations in and near Atlantic City. While the original incarnation of the game did not feature Atlantic City, it was in Indianapolis that Ruth Hoskins learned the game, and took it back to Atlantic City. After she arrived, Hoskins made a new board with Atlantic City street names, and taught it to a group of local Quakers.

Q1: What is Atlantic City sometimes referred to?
A1: Monopoly City
Q2: The names of many properties near Atlantic City are used in which popular board game?
A2: Monopoly
Q3: Who learned the game of Monopoly and took it to Atlantic City?
A3: Ruth Hoskins
Q4: What location was originally featured in the  Monopoly game? 
A4: Indianapolis
Q5: Who did Ruth Hoskins teach the game of Monopoly to?
A5: a group of local Quakers
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

Atlantic City is considered as the "Gambling Capital of the East Coast," and currently has eight large casinos and several smaller ones. In 2011, New Jersey's casinos employed approximately 33,000 employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes. They are regulated by the New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement.

Q1: What is Atlantic City known for?
A1: Gambling Capital of the East Coast
Q2: How many large casinos are located in Atlantic City?
A2: eight
Q3: Approximately how many people did New Jersey casinos employ in 2011?
A3: 33,000
Q4: Approximately how many people visited New Jersey's casinos in 2011?
A4: 28.5 million
Q5: What two entities regulate New Jersey's casino?
A5: New Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement
Title: Marvel_Comics
Topic: Geography and places

Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line. Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlo's Homer the Happy Ghost (à la Casper the Friendly Ghost) and Homer Hooper (à la Archie Andrews). Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch (art by Syd Shores and Dick Ayers, variously), the Sub-Mariner (drawn and most stories written by Bill Everett), and Captain America (writer Stan Lee, artist John Romita Sr.). Atlas did not achieve any breakout hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply, and at a passable quality.

Q1: Which writer and artist was behind the Sub-Mariner?
A1: Bill Everett
Q2: What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called?
A2: Atlas
Q3: What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called?
A3: Homer the Happy Ghost
Q4: DeCarlo also penned a knock-off of what teen comic superstar?
A4: Archie Andrews
Q5: What was the name of DeCarlo's main character in his humorous teen series?
A5: Homer Hooper
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as "acting as man" and not as a woman, and the accompanying "feeling rules" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.

Q1: What emotion do many cultures discourage in women?
A1: anger
Q2: Some cultures attempt to regulate what emotion in boys?
A2: fear
Q3: The open expression of what emotion is generally frowned upon in most cultures?
A3: disgust
Q4: What social institution is associated with the emotion of love?
A4: marriage
Q5: What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?
A5: fear
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

Attestations of Old Dutch sentences are extremely rare. The oldest one first recorded has been found in the Salic law. From this Frankish document written around 510 the oldest sentence has been identified as Dutch: Maltho thi afrio lito (I say to you, I free you, serf) used to free a serf. Another old fragment of Dutch is Visc flot aftar themo uuatare (A fish was swimming in the water). The oldest conserved larger Dutch text is the Utrecht baptismal vow (776-800) starting with Forsachistu diobolae [...] ec forsacho diabolae (Do you forsake the devil? [...] I forsake the devil). Probably the most famous sentence Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan, hinase hic enda tu, wat unbidan we nu (All birds have started making nests, except me and you, what are we waiting for), is dated around the year 1100, written by a Flemish monk in a convent in Rochester, England.

Q1: Are written records of Old Dutch rare or common?
A1: rare
Q2: What Frankish document contains the oldest recorded instance of Dutch?
A2: the Salic law
Q3: What creature is swimming in the Dutch phrase "Visc flot aftar themo uuatare"?
A3: fish
Q4: Where did the monk who wrote the most famous Old Dutch sentence live?
A4: Rochester, England
Q5: What historically significant Dutch document begins with the phrase "Forsachistu diobolae"?
A5: the Utrecht baptismal vow
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

Atticus does not want Jem and Scout to be present at Tom Robinson's trial. No seat is available on the main floor, so by invitation of Rev. Sykes, Jem, Scout, and Dill watch from the colored balcony. Atticus establishes that the accusers—Mayella and her father, Bob Ewell, the town drunk—are lying. It also becomes clear that the friendless Mayella made sexual advances toward Tom, and that her father caught her and beat her. Despite significant evidence of Tom's innocence, the jury convicts him. Jem's faith in justice becomes badly shaken, as is Atticus', when the hapless Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison.

Q1: What are the names of Atticus Finch's children in the book?
A1: Jem and Scout
Q2: Where do Jem, Scout, and Dill observe the trial of Tom Robinson?
A2: balcony
Q3: Where do the three children watch the trial?
A3: the colored balcony
Q4: What happens to Tom when he attempts to escape prison?
A4: shot and killed
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Audio data compression, not to be confused with dynamic range compression, has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data. Audio compression algorithms are implemented in software as audio codecs. Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity and are used in numerous audio applications. These algorithms almost all rely on psychoacoustics to eliminate less audible or meaningful sounds, thereby reducing the space required to store or transmit them.

Q1: What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data?
A1: Audio data compression
Q2: What is inserted in software as audio codecs?
A2: Audio compression algorithms
Q3: What compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of fidelity?
A3: Lossy
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well into the 4th century, after political power within the Empire had shifted to the Christians. When the Christian emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, he took steps toward the dissolution of the order. His successor Theodosius I extinguished Vesta's sacred fire and vacated her temple.

Q1: What group's status was improved by Augustus' religious reforms?
A1: Vestals
Q2: What advantage was there in being a Vestal at games?
A2: seating
Q3: For whose cult were the Vestals appointed as priestesses?
A3: Livia
Q4: Until what time did the Vestal retain their social distinctions?
A4: 4th century
Q5: Which emperor disbanded the Vestals?
A5: Theodosius I
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. On 19 February, Darwin suffered a devastating air raid, the first time the Australian mainland had been attacked. Over the following 19 months, Australia was attacked from the air almost 100 times.

Q1: About how many Australians were taken prisoner after the fall of Singapore and British Malaya?
A1: 15,000
Q2: In what year did Japan establish a base in New Guinea?
A2: 1942
Q3: What date was the Australian mainland first attacked?
A3: 19 February
Q4: What mainland Australian city was attacked by the Japanese on February 19?
A4: Darwin
Q5: For how many months was Australia attacked from the air by Japan?
A5: 19
Title: Norfolk_Island
Topic: Geography and places

Australian citizens and residents from other parts of the nation now have automatic right of residence on the island after meeting these criteria (Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012). Australian citizens must carry either a passport or a Document of Identity to travel to Norfolk Island. Citizens of all other nations must carry a passport to travel to Norfolk Island even if arriving from other parts of Australia. Holders of Australian visas who travel to Norfolk Island have departed the Australian Migration Zone. Unless they hold a multiple-entry visa, the visa will have ceased; in which case they will require another visa to re-enter mainland Australia.

Q1: What automatic right do Australian citizens and residents have on Norfolk Island after meeting the criteria in Immigration (Amendment No. 2) Act 2012?
A1: automatic right of residence
Q2: What do Australian citizens need in order to travel to Norfolk Island?
A2: either a passport or a Document of Identity
Q3: What do citizens from other nations need in order to travel to Norfolk Island?
A3: a passport
Q4: When someone has an Australian visa and they want to travel to Norfolk Island, where must they depart?
A4: Australian Migration Zone
Q5: What will happen to travelers with an Australian visa who don't depart from the Australian Migration Zone? 
A5: the visa will have ceased
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

Australian rules football and cricket are the most popular sports in Melbourne. It is considered the spiritual home of the two sports in Australia. The first official Test cricket match was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in March 1877. The origins of Australian rules football can be traced to matches played next to the MCG in 1858. The Australian Football League is headquartered at Docklands Stadium. Nine of the League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area: Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Hawthorn, Melbourne, North Melbourne, Richmond, St Kilda, and Western Bulldogs. Up to five AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne, attracting an average 40,000 people per game. Additionally, the city annually hosts the AFL Grand Final.

Q1: What are the two most popular sports in Melbourne?
A1: Australian rules football and cricket
Q2: When was the first official Test cricket match played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground?
A2: March 1877
Q3: Where is the Australian Football League headquartered?
A3: Docklands Stadium
Q4: How many of the Australian Football League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area?
A4: Nine
Q5: Up to how many AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne?
A5: five
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

Austria was not able to retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain. However, it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony. More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and military reforms. Hence, Austria's prestige was restored in great part and the empire secured its position as a major player in the European system. Also, by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections, Frederick II accepted the Habsburg preeminence in the Holy Roman Empire. The survival of Prussia as a first-rate power and the enhanced prestige of its king and its army, however, was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.

Q1: What happened to Austrian prestige due to the war?
A1: Austria's prestige was restored in great part
Q2: How would Prussia's outcome affect Austria in the long run?
A2: was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.
Q3: What area was preserved from Prussian invasion?
A3: it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony
Q4: Did Austria get Silesia back?
A4: Austria was not able to retake Silesia
Q5: Who did Frederick II promise to vote for in the imperial elections?
A5: by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Austrian-born Adolf Hitler had a lifelong romantic fascination with the Alps and by the 1930s established a home in the Obersalzberg region outside of Berchtesgaden. His first visit to the area was in 1923 and he maintained a strong tie there until the end of his life. At the end of World War II the US Army occupied Obersalzberg, to prevent Hitler from retreating with the Wehrmacht into the mountains.

Q1: Where was Adolf Hitler born?
A1: Austrian
Q2: What did Adolf Hitler have a lifelong romantic fascination with? 
A2: the Alps
Q3: Where did Adolf Hitler establish a home in the 1930s?
A3: the Obersalzberg region
Q4: When was Adolf Hitlers first visit to the Alps?
A4: 1923
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

Authorized headdress for the Canadian Armed Forces are the: beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap, and tuque (toque). Each is coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn: navy (white or navy blue), army (rifle green or "regimental" colour), air force (light blue). Adherents of the Sikh faith may wear uniform turbans (dastar) (or patka, when operational) and Muslim women may wear uniform tucked hijabs under their authorized headdress. Jews may wear yarmulke under their authorized headdress and when bareheaded. The beret is probably the most widely worn headgear and is worn with almost all orders of dress (with the exception of the more formal orders of Navy and Air Force dress), and the colour of which is determined by the wearer's environment, branch, or mission. Naval personnel, however, seldom wear berets, preferring either service cap or authorized ballcaps (shipboard operational dress), which only the Navy wear. Air Force personnel, particularly officers, prefer the wedge cap to any other form of headdress. There is no naval variant of the wedge cap. The Yukon cap and tuque are worn only with winter dress, although clearance and combat divers may wear tuques year-round as a watch cap. Soldiers in Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments generally wear alternative headdress, including the glengarry, balmoral, tam o'shanter, and caubeen instead of the beret. The officer cadets of both Royal Military Colleges wear gold-braided "pillbox" (cavalry) caps with their ceremonial dress and have a unique fur "Astrakhan" for winter wear. The Canadian Army wears the CG634 helmet.

Q1: What are some of the authorized head dresses for the CAF?
A1: beret, wedge cap, ballcap
Q2: Are there specific rules for wearing head dresses?
A2: coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn
Q3: What is the most popular head dress worn?
A3: The beret
Q4: What headdress does the Canadian Army wear?
A4: CG634 helmet
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and other religions by Jehovah’s Witnesses. Whalen, Harrison and Schnell have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for publicity purposes in a bid to attract dispossessed members of society, and to convince members that persecution from the outside world was evidence of the truth of their struggle to serve God. Watch Tower Society literature of the period directed that Witnesses should "never seek a controversy" nor resist arrest, but also advised members not to co-operate with police officers or courts that ordered them to stop preaching, and to prefer jail rather than pay fines.

Q1: Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s?
A1: authorities and other religions
Q2: What authors have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for the purpose of publicity?
A2: Whalen, Harrison and Schnell
Q3: What did Rutherford hope to convince members about the persecution from the outside world?
A3: evidence of the truth of their struggle
Q4: What did Watch Tower Society literature tell Jehovah's Witnesses they should never seek?
A4: controversy
Q5: What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines?
A5: jail
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Auto racing is also popular in the area. The Richmond International Raceway (RIR) has hosted NASCAR Sprint Cup races since 1953, as well as the Capital City 400 from 1962 − 1980. RIR also hosted IndyCar's Suntrust Indy Challenge from 2001 − 2009. Another track, Southside Speedway, has operated since 1959 and sits just southwest of Richmond in Chesterfield County. This .333-mile (0.536 km) oval short-track has become known as the "Toughest Track in the South" and "The Action Track", and features weekly stock car racing on Friday nights. Southside Speedway has acted as the breeding grounds for many past NASCAR legends including Richard Petty, Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip, and claims to be the home track of NASCAR superstar Denny Hamlin.

Q1: When did the RIR begin to host the Capital City 400?
A1: 1962
Q2: When did the Suntrust Indy Challenge stop being run at RIR?
A2: 2009
Q3: In what direction does one travel from Richmond to reach Southside Speedway?
A3: southwest
Q4: What is the shape of Southside Speedway?
A4: oval
Q5: Along with "The Action Track," what is a nickname of Southside Speedway?
A5: Toughest Track in the South
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) is a contemplative, absorbing process, of "learning on your own" or "by yourself", or as a self-teacher. Some autodidacts spend a great deal of time reviewing the resources of libraries and educational websites. One may become an autodidact at nearly any point in one's life. While some may have been informed in a conventional manner in a particular field, they may choose to inform themselves in other, often unrelated areas. Notable autodidacts include Abraham Lincoln (U.S. president), Srinivasa Ramanujan (mathematician), Michael Faraday (chemist and physicist), Charles Darwin (naturalist), Thomas Alva Edison (inventor), Tadao Ando (architect), George Bernard Shaw (playwright), Frank Zappa (composer, recording engineer, film director), and Leonardo da Vinci (engineer, scientist, mathematician).

Q1: What does Auto didacticism generally mean?
A1: learning on your own
Q2: When can you become an Autodidact?
A2: any point in one's life
Q3: Which famous U.S president was a Autodidact?
A3: Abraham Lincoln
Q4: Which famous inventor was a Autodidact?
A4: Thomas Alva Edison
Title: Seattle
Topic: History

Autumn, winter, and early spring are frequently characterized by rain. Winters are cool and wet with December, the coolest month, averaging 40.6 °F (4.8 °C), with 28 annual days with lows that reach the freezing mark, and 2.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing all day; the temperature rarely lowers to 20 °F (−7 °C). Summers are sunny, dry and warm, with August, the warmest month, averaging 66.1 °F (18.9 °C), and with temperatures reaching 90 °F (32 °C) on 3.1 days per year, although 2011 is the most recent year to not reach 90 °F. The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) the day the official record high was set. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 16 thru March 10, allowing a growing season of 250 days.

Q1: What is Seattle's average December temperature? 
A1: 40.6 °F
Q2: How many winter days reach freezing in Seattle?
A2: 28 annual days
Q3: What month is the warmest in Seattle?
A3: August
Q4: What is August's usual temperature?
A4: 66.1 °F
Q5: How long is the growing season in the Seattle area?
A5: 250 days
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

Available modes of transport are by road, sea and air. Of the 10,663 km (6,626 mi) of roads in the Republic of Cyprus in 1998, 6,249 km (3,883 mi) were paved, and 4,414 km (2,743 mi) were unpaved. In 1996 the Turkish-occupied area had a similar ratio of paved to unpaved, with approximately 1,370 km (850 mi) of paved road and 980 km (610 mi) unpaved.[citation needed] Cyprus is one of only four EU nations in which vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road, a remnant of British colonisation (the others being Ireland, Malta and the United Kingdom). A series of motorways runs along the coast from Paphos east to Ayia Napa, with two motorways running inland to Nicosia, one from Limassol and one from Larnaca.

Q1: What are the three modes of transport available on Cyprus?
A1: road, sea and air
Q2: How many miles of roads are paved on Cyprus?
A2: 6,249 km (3,883 mi)
Q3: How many miles of roads are unpaved on Cyprus?
A3: 4,414 km (2,743 mi)
Q4: Which side of the road do vehicles on Cyprus drive on?
A4: left-hand
Title: Web_browser
Topic: Engineering and technology

Available web browsers range in features from minimal, text-based user interfaces with bare-bones support for HTML to rich user interfaces supporting a wide variety of file formats and protocols. Browsers which include additional components to support e-mail, Usenet news, and Internet Relay Chat (IRC), are sometimes referred to as "Internet suites" rather than merely "web browsers".

Q1: Features on a browser can range from minimal with little support to what?
A1: rich user interfaces
Q2: When a browser includes a lot of extras, it can be referred to as what?
A2: Internet suites
Q3: What does IRC stand for?
A3: Internet Relay Chat
Title: Montana
Topic: Geography and places

Average annual precipitation is 15 inches (380 mm), but great variations are seen. The mountain ranges block the moist Pacific air, holding moisture in the western valleys, and creating rain shadows to the east. Heron, in the west, receives the most precipitation, 34.70 inches (881 mm). On the eastern (leeward) side of a mountain range, the valleys are much drier; Lonepine averages 11.45 inches (291 mm), and Deer Lodge 11.00 inches (279 mm) of precipitation. The mountains themselves can receive over 100 inches (2,500 mm), for example the Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park gets 105 inches (2,700 mm). An area southwest of Belfry averaged only 6.59 inches (167 mm) over a sixteen-year period. Most of the larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 metres of snow each year. Mountain ranges themselves can accumulate 300 inches or 7.62 metres of snow during a winter. Heavy snowstorms may occur any time from September through May, though most snow falls from November to March.

Q1: What is the annual precipitation?
A1: 15 inches
Q2: How much precipitation does Heron recieve?
A2: 34.70 inches
Q3: How much precipitation does the  Grinnell Glacier recieve?
A3: 105 inches
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

Average attendance for AFL games were around 10,000–11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final season of the original league in 2008, average attendance was above 12,000, with 12,392 in 2007. Eleven of the seventeen teams in operation in 2007 had average attendance figures over 13,000. In 2008, the overall attendance average increased to 12,957, with eight teams exceeding 13,000 per game.

Q1: What was the normal per game attendance of AFL games in the 1990s?
A1: 10,000–11,000
Q2: Along with the recession, what event is held to have decreased per-game attendance below 10,000?
A2: the September 11, 2001 attacks
Q3: What was the average per-game attendance in 2007?
A3: 12,392
Q4: In 2008, what was the average attendance for an AFL game?
A4: 12,957
Q5: During the 2008 season, how many teams averaged more than 13,000 spectators per game?
A5: eight
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Aves and a sister group, the clade Crocodilia, contain the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria. During the late 1990s, Aves was most commonly defined phylogenetically as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of modern birds and Archaeopteryx lithographica. However, an earlier definition proposed by Jacques Gauthier gained wide currency in the 21st century, and is used by many scientists including adherents of the Phylocode system. Gauthier defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds. This was done by excluding most groups known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the Avialae, in part to avoid the uncertainties about the placement of Archaeopteryx in relation to animals traditionally thought of as theropod dinosaurs.

Q1: Besides Aves, what group contains the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria?
A1: clade Crocodilia
Q2: Who defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds?
A2: Gauthier
Q3: What is a sister group to Aves?
A3: clade Crocodilia
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Avialans diversified into a wide variety of forms during the Cretaceous Period. Many groups retained primitive characteristics, such as clawed wings and teeth, though the latter were lost independently in a number of avialan groups, including modern birds (Aves). While the earliest forms, such as Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis, retained the long bony tails of their ancestors, the tails of more advanced avialans were shortened with the advent of the pygostyle bone in the group Pygostylia. In the late Cretaceous, around 95 million years ago, the ancestor of all modern birds also evolved a better sense of smell.

Q1: During which time period did avialans diversify into a wide variety of forms?
A1: Cretaceous Period
Q2: Which forms retained the long bony tails of their ancestors?
A2: Archaeopteryx and Jeholornis
Q3: When did the ancestor of all modern birds evolve a better sense of smell?
A3: late Cretaceous
Q4: How long ago was the late Cretaceous period?
A4: around 95 million years ago
Title: Avicenna
Topic: Language and literature

Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as "inspired philosophers"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife.

Q1: What religion was Avicenna?
A1: Muslim
Q2: What did Avicenna want to reconcile with Islamic theology?
A2: rational philosophy
Q3: What did Avicenna hope to do through his work?
A3: prove the existence of God
Q4: Up until what century was Avicenna's work highly influential?
A4: 19th century
Q5: Who did Avicenna view as inspired philosophers?
A5: the prophets
Title: Avicenna
Topic: Language and literature

Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Empire, in what is today Balkh Province, Afghanistan, although this is not universally agreed upon. His father worked in the government of Samanid in the village Kharmasain, a Sunni regional power. After five years, his younger brother, Mahmoud, was born. Avicenna first began to learn the Quran and literature in such a way that when he was ten years old he had essentially learned all of them.

Q1: What present-day country was Avicenna born in?
A1: Uzbekistan
Q2: What Samanid dynasty capital was Avicenna born near?
A2: Bukhara
Q3: What present-day country is Avicenna's father thought to have come from?
A3: Afghanistan
Q4: What was Avicenna's mother's name?
A4: Setareh
Q5: By what age had Avicenna learned the entire Quran?
A5: ten
Title: Avicenna
Topic: Language and literature

Avicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni. One important feature of his writing is that he considers mathematical astronomy as a separate discipline to astrology. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun, stating that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous. He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun. This is possible, as there was a transit on May 24, 1032, but Avicenna did not give the date of his observation, and modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time; he may have mistaken a sunspot for Venus. He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model.

Q1: What Muslim astronomer did Avicenna influence?
A1: Al-Biruni
Q2: What subject did Avicenna consider to be a separate discipline from astrology?
A2: mathematical astronomy
Q3: What philosopher thought the stars received their light from the sun?
A3: Aristotle
Q4: What planet did Aristotle think was a spot on the sun?
A4: Venus
Q5: Where did Avicenna think Venus was in relation to the sun?
A5: below the Sun
Title: Avicenna
Topic: Language and literature

Avicenna's consideration of the essence-attributes question may be elucidated in terms of his ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has the potentiality to be or not to be without entailing a contradiction. When actualized, the contingent becomes a 'necessary existent due to what is other than itself' (wajib al-wujud bi-ghayrihi). Thus, contingency-in-itself is potential beingness that could eventually be actualized by an external cause other than itself. The metaphysical structures of necessity and contingency are different. Necessary being due to itself (wajib al-wujud bi-dhatihi) is true in itself, while the contingent being is 'false in itself' and 'true due to something else other than itself'. The necessary is the source of its own being without borrowed existence. It is what always exists.

Q1: What is one modality of being that Avicenna analyzed?
A1: necessity
Q2: According to Avicenna, what could eventually be actualized by an external cause?
A2: contingency-in-itself
Q3: What is the necessary according to Avicenna?
A3: the source of its own being without borrowed existence
Q4: According to Avicenna, what always exists?
A4: The necessary
Q5: If necessary being is true in itself, what is contingent?
A5: false in itself
Title: Avicenna
Topic: Language and literature

Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance). These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises "on the soul").[dubious – discuss] Notably, Avicenna develops what is called the "flying man" argument in the Psychology of The Cure I.1.7 as defense of the argument that the soul is without quantitative extension, which has an affinity with Descartes's cogito argument (or what phenomenology designates as a form of an "epoche").

Q1: What is Avicenna's Book of Healing referred to in Arabic?
A1: Kitab al-shifa
Q2: What subject is seen throughout Avicenna's Book of Healing?
A2: classical psychology
Q3: In an argument by Avicenna, the soul is without what?
A3: quantitative extension
Q4: Whose argument is similar to Avicenna's that the soul is without quantitative extension?
A4: Descartes
Q5: What is the Latin for Avicenna's psychology parts in his Book of Healing?
A5: De Anima
Title: Avicenna
Topic: Language and literature

Avicenna's psychology requires that connection between the body and soul be strong enough to ensure the soul's individuation, but weak enough to allow for its immortality. Avicenna grounds his psychology on physiology, which means his account of the soul is one that deals almost entirely with the natural science of the body and its abilities of perception. Thus, the philosopher's connection between the soul and body is explained almost entirely by his understanding of perception; in this way, bodily perception interrelates with the immaterial human intellect. In sense perception, the perceiver senses the form of the object; first, by perceiving features of the object by our external senses. This sensory information is supplied to the internal senses, which merge all the pieces into a whole, unified conscious experience. This process of perception and abstraction is the nexus of the soul and body, for the material body may only perceive material objects, while the immaterial soul may only receive the immaterial, universal forms. The way the soul and body interact in the final abstraction of the universal from the concrete particular is the key to their relationship and interaction, which takes place in the physical body.

Q1: What does Avicenna ground his psychology on?
A1: physiology
Q2: According to Avicenna, the body and soul must be what in order to ensure the soul's individuation?
A2: strong enough
Q3: How does Avicenna  explain the connection between body and soul?
A3: his understanding of perception
Q4: How does man first perceive features of an object?
A4: external senses
Q5: The body and soul's interaction takes place where?
A5: the physical body
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Avignon was the seat of the papacy from 1309 to 1376. With the return of the Pope to Rome in 1378, the Papal State developed into a major secular power, culminating in the morally corrupt papacy of Alexander VI. Florence grew to prominence amongst the Italian city-states through financial business, and the dominant Medici family became important promoters of the Renaissance through their patronage of the arts. Other city states in northern Italy also expanded their territories and consolidated their power, primarily Milan and Venice. The War of the Sicilian Vespers had by the early 14th century divided southern Italy into an Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples. In 1442, the two kingdoms were effectively united under Aragonese control.

Q1: What city was the seat of the papacy for most of the 14th century?
A1: Avignon
Q2: In what year did the papacy return to Rome?
A2: 1378
Q3: What 14th century conflict resulted in the division of southern Italy into two kingdoms?
A3: The War of the Sicilian Vespers
Q4: What were the names of the two kingdoms into which southern Italy was divided?
A4: Aragon Kingdom of Sicily and an Anjou Kingdom of Naples
Q5: In what year were the two southern Italian kingdoms re-united?
A5: 1442
Title: Asthma
Topic: Natural sciences

Avoidance of triggers is a key component of improving control and preventing attacks. The most common triggers include allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods. Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke (passive smoke) may reduce the effectiveness of medications such as corticosteroids. Laws that limit smoking decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma. Dust mite control measures, including air filtration, chemicals to kill mites, vacuuming, mattress covers and others methods had no effect on asthma symptoms. Overall, exercise is beneficial in people with stable asthma. Yoga could provide small improvements in quality of life and symptoms in people with asthma.

Q1: What is a key component of control and preventing asthma attacks?
A1: Avoidance of triggers
Q2: What are some of the more common triggers?
A2: allergens, smoke (tobacco and other), air pollution, non selective beta-blockers, and sulfite-containing foods
Q3: What can reduce the effectiveness of medications?
A3: Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoke
Q4: What did law that limit smoking accomplish? 
A4: decrease the number of people hospitalized for asthma
Q5: What type of exercise can provide small improvements?
A5: Yoga
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells. When an action potential, traveling along an axon, arrives at a synapse, it causes a chemical called a neurotransmitter to be released. The neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecules in the membrane of the target cell.

Q1: Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what?
A1: synapses
Q2: The neurotansmitter binds to what of a target cell?
A2: receptor molecules
Q3: An axon can connect to how many other cells?
A3: several thousand
Title: BBC_Television
Topic: Media and drama

BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded.

Q1: When did BBC Japan begin broadcasting?
A1: December 2004
Q2: When did BBC Japan shut down?
A2: April 2006
Q3: What was the genre of BBC Japan?
A3: general entertainment
Title: BBC_Television
Topic: Media and drama

BBC TV was renamed BBC1 in 1964, after the launch of BBC2 (now BBC Two), the third television station (ITV was the second) for the UK; its remit, to provide more niche programming. The channel was due to launch on 20 April 1964, but was put off the air by a massive power failure that affected much of London, caused by a fire at Battersea Power Station. A videotape made on the opening night was rediscovered in 2003 by a BBC technician. In the end the launch went ahead the following night, hosted by Denis Tuohy holding a candle. BBC2 was the first British channel to use UHF and 625-line pictures, giving higher definition than the existing VHF 405-line system.

Q1: What was the first station launched after the original BBC?
A1: ITV
Q2: What was the third network started in the UK?
A2: BBC2
Q3: What prevented BBC2 from broadcasting on its scheduled launch date?
A3: massive power failure
Q4: Where was the cause of the power outage?
A4: Battersea Power Station
Q5: Who served as MC for the first BBC2 broadcast?
A5: Denis Tuohy
Title: BBC_Television
Topic: Media and drama

BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The corporation, which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal charter since 1927, has produced television programmes from its own since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936.

Q1: What is the acronym for British Broadcasting Corporation?
A1: BBC
Q2: Under what auspices does the BBC exist?
A2: Royal charter
Q3: When did the BBC start creating its own programming?
A3: 1932
Q4: On what date did the BBC being its regular TV broadcasts?
A4: 2 November 1936
Q5: In what country is the BBC headquartered?
A5: United Kingdom