LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Van Praag states that the Ming court established diplomatic delegations with Tibet merely to secure urgently needed horses. Wang and Nyima argue that these were not diplomatic delegations at all, that Tibetan areas were ruled by the Ming since Tibetan leaders were granted positions as Ming officials, that horses were collected from Tibet as a mandatory "corvée" tax, and therefore Tibetans were "undertaking domestic affairs, not foreign diplomacy". Sperling writes that the Ming simultaneously bought horses in the Kham region while fighting Tibetan tribes in Amdo and receiving Tibetan embassies in Nanjing. He also argues that the embassies of Tibetan lamas visiting the Ming court were for the most part efforts to promote commercial transactions between the lamas' large, wealthy entourage and Ming Chinese merchants and officials. Kolmaš writes that while the Ming maintained a laissez-faire policy towards Tibet and limited the numbers of the Tibetan retinues, the Tibetans sought to maintain a tributary relationship with the Ming because imperial patronage provided them with wealth and power. Laird writes that Tibetans eagerly sought Ming court invitations since the gifts the Tibetans received for bringing tribute were much greater in value than the latter. As for the Yongle Emperor's gifts to his Tibetan and Nepalese vassals such as silver wares, Buddha relics, utensils for Buddhist temples and religious ceremonies, and gowns and robes for monks, Tsai writes "in his effort to draw neighboring states to the Ming orbit so that he could bask in glory, the Yongle Emperor was quite willing to pay a small price". The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC lists the Tibetan tribute items as oxen, horses, camels, sheep, fur products, medical herbs, Tibetan incenses, thangkas (painted scrolls), and handicrafts; while the Ming awarded Tibetan tribute-bearers an equal value of gold, silver, satin and brocade, bolts of cloth, grains, and tea leaves. Silk workshops during the Ming also catered specifically to the Tibetan market with silk clothes and furnishings featuring Tibetan Buddhist iconography.

Q1: Why does Van Praag believe the Ming court set up a diplomatic delegation with Tibet?
A1: to secure urgently needed horses
Q2: What shops were catered to the Tibetan market?
A2: Silk workshops
Q3: What visual images and symbols were on furnishings from the silk workshops?
A3: Tibetan Buddhist
Q4: who were the Tibetan areas were ruled by?
A4: the Ming
Q5: Wang and Nyima believed horses were collected from Tibet as what kind of tax?
A5: a mandatory "corvée" tax
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Various American Idol alumni had success on various record charts around the world; in the U.S. they had achieved 345 number ones on the Billboard charts in its first ten years. According to Fred Bronson, author of books on the Billboard charts, no other entity has ever created as many hit-making artists and best-selling albums and singles. In 2007, American Idol alums accounted for 2.1% of all music sales. Its alumni have a massive impact on radio; in 2007, American Idol had become "a dominant force in radio" according to the president of the research company Mediabase which monitors radio stations Rich Meyer. By 2010, four winners each had more than a million radio spins, with Kelly Clarkson leading the field with over four million spins.

Q1: How many number one Billboard singles were released by American Idol contestants in the shows first decade? 
A1: 345
Q2: Who is the president of Mediabase? 
A2: Rich Meyer
Q3: Who was the most successful American Idol winner on radio as of 2010? 
A3: Kelly Clarkson
Q4: How many number ones have Idol singers achieved on Billboard charts in just the first ten years?
A4: 345
Q5: Who authored books on Billboard charts?
A5: Fred Bronson
Q6: How many contestants had at least one million radio spins by 2010?
A6: four
Q7: How many radio spins did Kelly Clarkson have by 2010?
A7: over four million
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

Various LGBT publications serve the city's large LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community such as The Rainbow Times, the only minority and lesbian-owned LGBT newsmagazine. Founded in 2006, The Rainbow Times is now based out of Boston, but serves all of New England.

Q1: What is the name of the citys only lesbian owned LGBT magazine?
A1: The Rainbow Times
Q2: What year was the Rainbow Times founded?
A2: 2006
Q3: What locations does the Rainbow Times serve?
A3: all of New England
Q4: Where is the headquarters for the Rainbow Times?
A4: Boston
Title: Exhibition_game
Topic: Sports and recreation

Various auto racing organizations hold exhibition events; these events usually award no championship points to participants, but they do offer prize money to participants. The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the season, and the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, held at Charlotte Motor Speedway midway through the season. Both events carry a hefty purse of over USD $1,000,000. NASCAR has also held exhibition races at Suzuka Circuit and Twin Ring Motegi in Japan and Calder Park Thunderdome in Australia.

Q1: How many exhibition events per year does the NASCAR Sprint Cup have?
A1: two
Q2: Where is the Sprint Unlimited held?
A2: Daytona International Speedway
Q3: Where is the Sprint All-Star Race held?
A3: Charlotte Motor Speedway
Q4: What does the winner of the Sprint Unlimited get?
A4: over USD $1,000,000
Q5: Where is Calder Park Thunderdome?
A5: Australia
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

Various benefactions make it possible to give grants each year to boys who wish, for educational or cultural reasons, to work or travel abroad. These include the Busk Fund, which supports individual ventures that show particular initiative; the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund, for the promotion of visits to classical lands; the Sadler Fund, which supports, amongst others, those intending to enter the Foreign Service; and the Marsden Fund, for travel in countries where the principal language is not English.

Q1: What does the Busk Fund support?
A1: individual ventures that show particular initiative
Q2: Which Fund is dedicated for travel to non-English speaking countries?
A2: Marsden Fund
Q3: Which Fund supports travel to classical lands?
A3: the C.M. Wells Memorial Trust Fund
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

Various cases for rape, physical abuse and murder were prosecuted in court. Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men. While suspects were jailed, convicted criminals were never imprisoned. Instead, punishments were commonly monetary fines, periods of forced hard labor for convicts, and the penalty of death by beheading. Early Han punishments of torturous mutilation were borrowed from Qin law. A series of reforms abolished mutilation punishments with progressively less-severe beatings by the bastinado.

Q1: What type of torture was acquired from Qin law?
A1: mutilation
Q2: What eventually replaced torturous mutilation as a type of punishment?
A2: progressively less-severe beatings
Q3: What type of extreme punishment was likely to be laid upon those who committed the harshest of crimes?
A3: death by beheading
Q4: What could a criminal in this era expect not to happen if he was convicted of a crime?
A4: criminals were never imprisoned
Q5: What did women commonly have less of?
A5: rights
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition, prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas. The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Saiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place.

Q1: The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what?
A1: Saivism
Q2: Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who?
A2: Buddhists
Q3: What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition?
A3: The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

Various connectors have been used for smaller devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers. These include the now-deprecated (i.e. de-certified but standardized) mini-A and mini-AB connectors; mini-B connectors are still supported, but are not OTG-compliant (On The Go, used in mobile devices). The mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs. Both mini-A and mini-B plugs are approximately 3 by 7 mm; the mini-A connector and the mini-AB receptacle connector were deprecated on 23 May 2007.

Q1: What has been used to connect digital cameras. smartphones and other devices to tablet computers?
A1: Various connectors
Q2: What was standard for transferring data to and from the earlier type of smartphones?
A2: The mini-B USB connector
Q3: How large are both mini-A and mini-B plugs?
A3: approximately 3 by 7 mm
Q4: When were the mini-A connector and and the mini-AB receptacle connector depreceated?
A4: 23 May 2007
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

Various disco songs incorporated sounds produced with synthesizers and drum machines, and some compositions were entirely electronic; examples include Giorgio Moroder's late 1970s productions such as Donna Summer's hit single "I Feel Love" from 1977, Cerrone's "Supernature" (1977), Yellow Magic Orchestra's synth-disco-pop productions from Yellow Magic Orchestra (1978), Solid State Survivor (1979), and several early 1980s disco-pop productions by the Hi-NRG group Lime.

Q1: What instruments did disco songs incorporate from house music?
A1: synthesizers and drum machines
Q2: who produced Donna Summer's hit single "I Feel Love"?
A2: Giorgio Moroder
Q3: what sort of music did Hi-NRG group Lime produce?
A3: 1980s disco-pop
Q4: What year did Cerrone's "Supernature" get released?
A4: 1977
Q5: What year was solid state survivor released?
A5: 1979
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of the various divided Protestant denominations, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions, as there is no overarching authority to which any of the churches owe allegiance, which can authoritatively define the faith. Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.

Q1: What type of movements have tried to unite Protestant denominations?
A1: Various ecumenical
Q2: Which is larger, divisions or unions of Protestantism?
A2: divisions
Q3: What beliefs do most denominations agree on?
A3: common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith
Q4: What types of doctrines do denominations not agree on?
A4: secondary
Q5: What type of belief defines what is a major or minor doctrine?
A5: idiosyncratic
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

Various evolutionary ideas had already been proposed to explain new findings in biology. There was growing support for such ideas among dissident anatomists and the general public, but during the first half of the 19th century the English scientific establishment was closely tied to the Church of England, while science was part of natural theology. Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial as they conflicted with the beliefs that species were unchanging parts of a designed hierarchy and that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals. The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream.

Q1: Which group of scientists began to support evolutionary ideas?
A1: dissident anatomists
Q2: Which powerful religious institution was a big part of scientific study in the 19th century?
A2: the Church of England
Q3: What was the general opinion about transmutation of species in the 19th century?
A3: Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial
Q4: How did the majority of science see humanity in relation to animals in the 19th century?
A4: that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals.
Q5: Which theology did everyone agree science was a part of in the 19th century?
A5: natural theology
Title: Hanover
Topic: History

Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and automobile parts manufacturer Continental AG, they have a coal-burning power plant. Continental AG, founded in Hanover in 1871, is one of the city's major companies, as is Sennheiser. Since 2008 a take-over is in progress: the Schaeffler Group from Herzogenaurach (Bavaria) holds the majority of the stock but were required due to the financial crisis to deposit the options as securities at banks. TUI AG has its HQ in Hanover. Hanover is home to many insurance companies, many of which operate only in Germany. One major global reinsurance company is Hannover Re, whose headquarters are east of the city centre.

Q1: What does VWN stand for?
A1: Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter
Q2: What part of town is the plant owned by VWN located in?
A2: northern edge of town
Q3: Which company was founded in Hanover in 1871?
A3: Continental AG
Q4: Where does TUI AG host their headquarters?
A4: Hanover
Q5: Which major global reinsurance company has their headquarters east of the city center?
A5: Hannover Re
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Various methods have been used in the history of the American colonies and the United States but only five methods are currently used. Historically, burning, crushing, breaking on wheel, and bludgeoning were used for a small number of executions, while hanging was the most common method. The last person burned at the stake was a black slave in South Carolina in August 1825. The last person to be hanged in chains was a murderer named John Marshall in West Virginia on April 4, 1913. Although beheading was a legal method in Utah from 1851 to 1888, it was never used.

Q1: How many execution methods are currently used in the United States?
A1: five
Q2: What was the most common historical method of execution in the United States?
A2: hanging
Q3: In what state did the last burning at the stake take place in the US?
A3: South Carolina
Q4: Who was the last person hanged in chains in the Untied States?
A4: John Marshall
Q5: When was execution by beheading ended in Utah?
A5: 1888
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Various models of climate change have been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps, with an expectation that a trend toward increased temperatures will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff.

Q1: What has been projected into the 22nd century for the Alps?
A1: Various models of climate change
Q2: What will have an effect on snowfall, snowpack, glaciation, and river runoff?
A2: increased temperatures
Q3: What have the various models been of?
A3: climate change
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

Various music journalists, critical theorists, and authors have deemed Madonna the most influential female recording artist of all time. Author Carol Clerk wrote that "during her career, Madonna has transcended the term 'pop star' to become a global cultural icon." Rolling Stone of Spain wrote that "She became the first viral Master of Pop in history, years before the Internet was massively used. Madonna was everywhere; in the almighty music television channels, 'radio formulas', magazine covers and even in bookshops. A pop dialectic, never seen since The Beatles's reign, which allowed her to keep on the edge of tendency and commerciality." Laura Barcella in her book Madonna and Me: Women Writers on the Queen of Pop (2012) wrote that "really, Madonna changed everything the musical landscape, the '80s look du jour, and most significantly, what a mainstream female pop star could (and couldn't) say, do, or accomplish in the public eye." William Langley from The Daily Telegraph felt that "Madonna has changed the world's social history, has done more things as more different people than anyone else is ever likely to." Alan McGee from The Guardian felt that Madonna is a post-modern art, the likes of which we will never see again. He further asserted that Madonna and Michael Jackson invented the terms Queen and King of Pop.

Q1: Who is the most influential recording artist of all time?
A1: Madonna
Q2: Who wrote the book, Madonna and Me?
A2: Laura Barcella
Q3: Who said that Madonna changed the world social history?
A3: William Langley from The Daily Telegraph
Q4: Who said that Madonna is like post-moderm art?
A4: Alan McGee from The Guardian
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies.

Q1: Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 17th century?
A1: Sir Hugh Audley
Q2: Which village had fallen into decay?
A2: Eye Cross
Q3: Who established a mulberry garden on the property?
A3: James I
Q4: What product did the mulberry garden produce?
A4: silk
Q5: Who suggests that the mulberry garden is likely a place for debauchery?
A5: Clement Walker
Q6: What about the palace was subject to speculation in the 17th century?
A6: the freehold
Q7: Which village had fallen into decay but the 17th century?
A7: Eye Cross
Q8: Who sold off part of the Crown Freehold?
A8: James I
Q9: What type of garden did James I create?
A9: mulberry
Q10: What did the mulberry garden produce?
A10: silk.
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

Various studies have arrived at diverging conclusions regarding both the degree and the sources of the non-Levantine admixture in Ashkenazim, particularly in respect to the extent of the non-Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi maternal lineages, which is in contrast to the predominant Levantine genetic origin observed in Ashkenazi paternal lineages. All studies nevertheless agree that genetic overlap with the Fertile Crescent exists in both lineages, albeit at differing rates. Collectively, Ashkenazi Jews are less genetically diverse than other Jewish ethnic divisions.

Q1: All studies agree that genetic overlap with what location exists in both lineages?
A1: Fertile Crescent
Title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Topic: History

Various theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives. Some believe that after first contacts with Europeans and Africans, Old World diseases caused the death of 90 to 95% of the native population of the New World in the following 150 years. Smallpox killed up to one third of the native population of Hispaniola in 1518. By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac, smallpox caused the Inca Civil War. Smallpox was only the first epidemic. Typhus (probably) in 1546, influenza and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589, diphtheria in 1614, measles in 1618—all ravaged the remains of Inca culture.

Q1: What was the overwhelming reason for the decline of Native American populations?
A1: epidemic disease
Q2: Old World diseases accounted for up to what percentage of deaths among the native New World population?
A2: 90 to 95%
Q3: How long did it take for the Old World diseases to decimate the native population to the extent it did?
A3: 150 years
Q4: What disease killed almost a third of the population of Hispaniola in 1518?
A4: Smallpox
Q5: How did smallpox cause the Inca Civil War?
A5: By killing the Incan ruler Huayna Capac
Title: Hunting
Topic: Sports and recreation

Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be utilised for fur or meat, but often no use is made of the carcass. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints may include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.

Q1: What is varmint hunting an American phrase for?
A1: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests
Q2: What does varmint hunting achieve? 
A2: selective control of pests
Q3: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?
A3: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.
Q4: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?
A4: Louisiana
Q5: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?
A5: initiated a bounty program
Q6: What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals.
A6: Varmint hunting
Q7: What was once considered a varmint but is now protected?
A7: wolves
Q8: What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana?
A8: nutria
Q9: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?
A9: bounty program
Title: Montana
Topic: Geography and places

Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine; Douglas fir, larch, spruce; aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder; rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include asters, bitterroots, daisies, lupins, poppies, primroses, columbine, lilies, orchids, and dryads. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. Many species of mushrooms and lichens are also found in the state.

Q1: About how much area do forests cover the state?
A1: approximately 25 percent
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

Vehicles typically include headlamps and tail lights. Headlamps are white or selective yellow lights placed in the front of the vehicle, designed to illuminate the upcoming road and to make the vehicle more visible. Many manufactures are turning to LED headlights as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional headlamps. Tail and brake lights are red and emit light to the rear so as to reveal the vehicle's direction of travel to following drivers. White rear-facing reversing lamps indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear, warning anyone behind the vehicle that it is moving backwards, or about to do so. Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear of the vehicle indicate an intended change of position or direction. In the late 1950s, some automakers began to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges or to draw attention to logos or other decorative elements.

Q1: What color are tail lights?
A1: red
Q2: What color are headlamps on a vehicle?
A2: white or selective yellow
Q3: When did automakers start using electroluminescent technology to backlight gauges?
A3: late 1950s
Q4: What color are reversing indicator lamps?
A4: White
Q5: What indicates that a driver is intending to change position?
A5: turn signals
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper, brass or bronze, slightly warmed, into a vat of fermenting wine, leaving it there for several weeks, and then scraping off and drying the green powder that forms on the metal. The process of making verdigris was described in ancient times by Pliny. It was used by the Romans in the murals of Pompeii, and in Celtic medieval manuscripts as early as the 5th century AD. It produced a blue-green which no other pigment could imitate, but it had drawbacks; it was unstable, it could not resist dampness, it did not mix well with other colors, it could ruin other colors with which it came into contact., and it was toxic. Leonardo da Vinci, in his treatise on painting, warned artists not to use it. It was widely used in miniature paintings in Europe and Persia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Its use largely ended in the late 19th century, when it was replaced by the safer and more stable chrome green. Viridian, also called chrome green, is a pigment made with chromium oxide dihydrate, was patented in 1859. It became popular with painters, since, unlike other synthetic greens, it was stable and not toxic. Vincent van Gogh used it, along with Prussian blue, to create a dark blue sky with a greenish tint in his painting Cafe terrace at night.

Q1: What is made by placing a plate of blade of copper, brass, or bronze into vat of fermenting wine for several weeks, then scraping off and drying the green powder?
A1: Verdigris
Q2: Who described the process of making verdigris in ancient times?
A2: Pliny
Q3: In what city did the Romans use verdigris in murals?
A3: Pompeii
Q4: What would verdigris do to other colors that it came in contact with?
A4: ruin
Q5: Which famous artist warned other artists not to use verdigris?
A5: Leonardo da Vinci
Title: Architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.

Q1: What kind of books did housebuilders use?
A1: pattern books and architectural journals
Q2: What type of design did these texts allow the builders to incorporate?
A2: current architectural design
Title: Georgian_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court.

Q1: What revived style dominated English country house architecture?
A1: Palladian
Q2: What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance?
A2: made wide and relatively shallow
Q3: Where was the height generally highest in Palladian architecture?
A3: the centre
Q4: Where were areas such as kitchens, offices, and service areas generally found?
A4: basement area
Q5: What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located?
A5: mezzanine floor
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Very deeply buried shelters provided the most protection against a direct hit. The government did not build them for large populations before the war because of cost, time to build, and fears that their very safety would cause occupants to refuse to leave to return to work, or that anti-war sentiment would develop in large groups. The government saw the Communist Party's leading role in advocating for building deep shelters as an attempt to damage civilian morale, especially after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939.:34

Q1: What kind of sentiment did the government fear would developed in large group shelters? 
A1: anti-war
Q2: Who did the government see as a leading advocate for building deep shelters?
A2: the Communist Party's
Q3: What was the name of the Pact of August 1939?
A3: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

Very few early Byzantine mosaics survived the Iconoclastic destruction of the 8th century. Among the rare examples are the 6th-century Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision) mosaic in the apse of the Church of Hosios David in Thessaloniki that was hidden behind mortar during those dangerous times. Nine mosaic panels in the Hagios Demetrios Church, which were made between 634 and 730, also escaped destruction. Unusually almost all represent Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki, often with suppliants before him.

Q1: How many Byzantine mosaics survived past the 8th century?
A1: Very few
Q2: The mosaic in the church in Thessaloniki is know as what?
A2: Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision)
Q3: Why was Christ in majesty protected from the iconoclastic destruction?
A3: hidden behind mortar
Q4: When were the panels in the Hagios Demetrios Church created?
A4: between 634 and 730
Q5: What is common about the surviving mosaics from the 7th-9th centuries?
A5: almost all represent Saint Demetrius
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

Very few historical records exist of the period before the medieval Licchavis rulers. According to Gopalraj Vansawali, a genealogy of Nepali monarchs, the rulers of Kathmandu Valley before the Licchavis were Gopalas, Mahispalas, Aabhirs, Kirants, and Somavanshi. The Kirata dynasty was established by Yalamber. During the Kirata era, a settlement called Yambu existed in the northern half of old Kathmandu. In some of the Sino-Tibetan languages, Kathmandu is still called Yambu. Another smaller settlement called Yengal was present in the southern half of old Kathmandu, near Manjupattan. During the reign of the seventh Kirata ruler, Jitedasti, Buddhist monks entered Kathmandu valley and established a forest monastery at Sankhu.

Q1: Who was the founder of the Kirata dynasty?
A1: Yalamber
Q2: What geographical part of Kathmandu did Yambu once occupy?
A2: northern
Q3: Speakers of what languages sometimes call Kathmandu Yambu?
A3: Sino-Tibetan
Q4: Where in Kathmandu was Yengal located?
A4: southern half
Q5: What religion did the Sankhu monastery belong to?
A5: Buddhist
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

Very low sounds are also produced in various species of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea and Neuroptera. These low sounds are simply the sounds made by the insect's movement. Through microscopic stridulatory structures located on the insect's muscles and joints, the normal sounds of the insect moving are amplified and can be used to warn or communicate with other insects. Most sound-making insects also have tympanal organs that can perceive airborne sounds. Some species in Hemiptera, such as the corixids (water boatmen), are known to communicate via underwater sounds. Most insects are also able to sense vibrations transmitted through surfaces.

Q1: What sound volume is produced by Coleoptera?
A1: low
Q2: Low insect sounds are made by the insect's what?
A2: movement
Q3: Low insect sounds can be heard through what?
A3: microscopic stridulatory structures
Q4: Insect moving sounds are used to warn and do what with other insects?
A4: communicate
Q5: Corixids are able to communicate with what type of sounds?
A5: underwater
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps.

Q1: Which company introduced standard base sizes for incandescent lamps?
A1: General Electric
Q2: In what year were standard base sizes introduced for incandescent lamps?
A2: 1909
Q3: What are some common technical standards for lamp bases?
A3: ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1
Q4: What is the typical base type for automotive lamps?
A4: Bayonet base lamps
Q5: What is the typical base type for halogen lamps?
A5: bipin base
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Victoria later described her childhood as "rather melancholy". Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's bastard children, and perhaps prompted the emergence of Victorian morality by insisting that her daughter avoid any appearance of sexual impropriety. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her King Charles spaniel, Dash. Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin, but she spoke only English at home.

Q1: Who was extremely protective over Victoria?
A1: mother
Q2: What system of rules kept her isolated from other children?
A2: Kensington System
Q3: Who was the Dutchess' rumored lover?
A3: Sir John Conroy
Q4: What was Victoria's dog's name?
A4: Dash
Q5: During her free time, what did she play with?
A5: dolls
Q6: Who did Victoria share a bedroom with when she was a child?
A6: her mother
Q7: What languages did Victoria take lessons in?
A7: French, German, Italian, and Latin
Q8: What was the only language Victoria spoke at home?
A8: English
Q9: Who was Victoria's mothers lover?
A9: Sir John Conroy
Q10: What is the formal name given to the system of rules Victoria was raised under?
A10: Kensington System
Q11: What system did Victorias mother raise her under?
A11: Kensington System
Q12: Who was Victorias mothers comptroller?
A12: Sir John Conroy
Q13: Who was rumored to be Victorias mothers lover?
A13: Sir John Conroy
Q14: Who was the Duchess's suspected lover?
A14: Sir John Conroy
Q15: What was the name of Victoria's childhood dog?
A15: Dash
Q16: What was the Kensington System?
A16: an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess
Q17: How did Victoria describe her childhood?
A17: rather melancholy
Q18: What languages did Victoria study? 
A18: French, German, Italian, and Latin
Q19: What was the name of Victoria's King Charles Spaniel?
A19: Dash
Q20: What are some of the languages that Victoria studied?
A20: French, German, Italian, and Latin
Q21: What system was in place to raise and educate Victoria; while also rendering her weak and dependent?
A21: Kensington System
Q22: Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort?
A22: Sir John Conroy
Q23: Who was included in the list of people that the Duchess and Sir John Conroy didn't want the Princess Victoria associating with?
A23: most of her father's family
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.

Q1: Who did Victoria marry?
A1: Prince Albert
Q2: What is her nickname that she was given because her children married into royal families across the continent?
A2: the grandmother of Europe
Q3: What year did Prince Albert die?
A3: 1861
Q4: How many children did she have?
A4: nine
Q5: In the later half of her reign, what happened to her popularity?
A5: her popularity recovered
Q6: How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have?
A6: nine
Q7: What was the year of Alberts death?
A7: 1861
Q8: Queen Victorias Golden and Diamond jubilees were a time of public what?
A8: celebration
Q9: What was the name the first cousing that Victoria married?
A9: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Q10: What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria because all of her children married into noble families?
A10: first cousin
Q11: What was the name of the first cousin that Queen Victoria was married to?
A11: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Q12: Whatyear did Victoria marry Prince Albert?
A12: 1840
Q13: How many children did Victoria and Albert have?
A13: nine
Q14: What year did Prince Albert die?
A14: 1861
Q15: Due to Victorias mourning over Alberts death, what political party gained strength?
A15: republicanism
Q16: When did Queen Victoria get married?
A16: 1840
Q17: What was the name of Victoria's husband?
A17: Prince Albert
Q18: What was Queen Victoria's nickname?
A18: the grandmother of Europe
Q19: When did republicanism gain strength during Queen Victoria's reign?
A19: After Albert's death in 1861
Q20: How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have?
A20: nine
Q21: Who did Victoria marry?
A21: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Q22: When were Victoria and Prince Albert married?
A22: 1840
Q23: How many children did Victoria and Prince Albert have?
A23: nine
Q24: What was Victoria's unofficial title?
A24: the grandmother of Europe
Q25: When did Prince Albert die?
A25: 1861
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen." Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.

Q1: On what date did Victoria turn 18?
A1: 24 May 1837
Q2: On what date did William IV die?
A2: 20 June 1837
Q3: How old was William IV when he died?
A3: 71
Q4: What is the name given to Victoria on official documents?
A4: Alexandrina Victoria
Q5: What was the exact time that Victorias Uncle, the King, died?
A5: 12 minutes past 2
Q6: When did Victoria turn 18?
A6: 24 May 1837
Q7: When did Victoria become Queen upon William IV's death? 
A7: 20 June 1837
Q8: What name was Victoria referred to as on only the first day of her reign?
A8: Alexandrina Victoria
Q9: How old was Victoria's Uncle, King Willaim on his death? 
A9: 71
Q10: Who informed Victoria of her Uncle's passing and that she was now to become Queen of England? 
A10: the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham
Q11: What caused Victoria to become the Queen of the United Kingdom?
A11: 20 June 1837, William IV died
Q12: Who came to tell Victoria that she was to be Queen of the United Kingdom?
A12: Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham
Q13: What name did the first official documents of Victoria's monarchy have her listed as?
A13: Alexandrina Victoria
Q14: How old was William IV when he died?
A14: 71
Q15: Where did she receive the news that she was to be queen?
A15: sitting-room
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war. In July, her second son Alfred ("Affie") died; "Oh, God! My poor darling Affie gone too", she wrote in her journal. "It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another."

Q1: Who was the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain?
A1: Victoria
Q2: What year did Queen Victoria first set foot in Spain?
A2: 1889
Q3: What year did Victoria stop her annual visits to Spain due to the Boer war?
A3: 1900
Q4: Where did Victoria visit instead of Spain during the Boer war?
A4: Ireland
Q5: What year did Victoria's second son Alfred die?
A5: 1900
Q6: Where did Victoria stay in Spain in 1889? 
A6: Biarritz
Q7: What war prevented Queen Victoria from taking her annual trip to France in 1900?
A7: Boer War
Q8: What country did Victoria visit instead of France during the Boer War? 
A8: Ireland
Q9: Which of Queen Victoria's children died in July of that year? 
A9: her second son Alfred
Q10: Where did Victoria often go for holiday?
A10: mainland Europe
Q11: In 1889, what was Victoria the first reining monarch from Britian to do?
A11: set foot in Spain
Q12: Why did Victoria visit Ireland in 1861?
A12: acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war
Q13: Why was Victoria advised not to visit France in April of 1900?
A13: the Boer War
Q14: What tragedy did Victoria face in July of 1900?
A14: her second son Alfred ("Affie") died
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure. Only after the release of her diary and letters did the extent of her political influence become known to the wider public. Biographies of Victoria written before much of the primary material became available, such as Lytton Strachey's Queen Victoria of 1921, are now considered out of date. The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired. They, and others, conclude that as a person Victoria was emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking.

Q1: How tall was Queen Victoria?
A1: no more than five feet tall
Q2: The extent of Victorias political influence became well known after the publishing of what?
A2: her diary and letters
Q3: What year did Elizabeth Longford write a biography of Victoria?
A3: 1964
Q4: What year did Cecil Woodham Smith writ Victorias biography?
A4: 1972
Q5: How tall was Queen Victoria? 
A5: five feet
Q6: Who wrote the biography about Queen Victoria that is now considered to be out of date? 
A6: Lytton Strachey
Q7: What woman wrote a biography of Queen Victoria in 1964?
A7: Elizabeth Longford
Q8: When did Celcil Woodham-Smith also write a well recieved biography about Victoria? 
A8: 1972
Q9: What was Victoria like, physically?
A9: stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall
Q10: When did people really start to understand the political mind of Queen Victoria?
A10: after the release of her diary and letters
Q11: Who were two good biographers of Queen Victoria?
A11: Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith
Q12: When were the best biographies of Queen Victoria written?
A12: 1964 and 1972
Q13: What kind of person was Victoria?
A13: emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man". Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. In the ensuing election, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again.

Q1: What year did Gladstone resign?
A1: 1885
Q2: Gladstone resigned after what was defeted?
A2: his budget
Q3: Victoria blamed Gladstone for the death of who?
A3: General Gordon at Khartoum.
Q4: Who replaced Gladstone after he resigned?
A4: Lord Salisbury
Q5: How long did Lord Salisburys government last?
A5: a few months
Q6: What man was Gladstone blamed for after his death at Khartoum?
A6: General Gordon
Q7: Who replaced Gladstone for only a few short months? 
A7: Lord Salisbury
Q8: What did the bill Gladstone failed to pass state, much to Queen Victoria's pleasure? 
A8: granting Ireland home rule
Q9: Who defeated Gladstone yet again in the general elction?
A9: Salisbury
Q10: Why did Gladstone resign in 1885? 
A10: his budget was defeated
Q11: When did Gladstone resign?
A11: 1885
Q12: Why did Gladstone resign?
A12: his budget was defeated
Q13: How did Victoria feel about the resignation of Gladstone?
A13: pleased
Q14: Who's death did Victoria blame on Gladstone?
A14: General Gordon
Q15: Who replaced Gladstone?
A15: Lord Salisbury