LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

Popper won many awards and honours in his field, including the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, the Sonning Prize, the Otto Hahn Peace Medal of the United Nations Association of Germany in Berlin and fellowships in the Royal Society, British Academy, London School of Economics, King's College London, Darwin College, Cambridge, and Charles University, Prague. Austria awarded him the Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria in 1986, and the Federal Republic of Germany its Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit, and the peace class of the Order Pour le Mérite. He received the Humanist Laureate Award from the International Academy of Humanism. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1965, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976. He was invested with the Insignia of a Companion of Honour in 1982.

Q1: Which award did Popper receive from the American Political Science Association?
A1: Lippincott Award
Q2: What recognition did Austria bestow on Popper in 1986?
A2: Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria
Q3: Who gave Popper its Humanist Laureate Award?
A3: International Academy of Humanism
Q4: Which English monarch knighted Popper?
A4: Queen Elizabeth II
Q5: Which central European university made Popper a fellow?
A5: Charles University, Prague
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

Popular music in Cyprus is generally influenced by the Greek Laïka scene; artists who play in this genre include international platinum star Anna Vissi, Evridiki, and Sarbel. Hip Hop, R&B and reggae have been supported by the emergence of Cypriot rap and the urban music scene at Ayia Napa. Cypriot rock music and Éntekhno rock is often associated with artists such as Michalis Hatzigiannis and Alkinoos Ioannidis. Metal also has a small following in Cyprus represented by bands such as Armageddon (rev.16:16), Blynd, Winter's Verge and Quadraphonic.

Q1: What influences popular music in Cyprus?
A1: Greek Laïka scene
Q2: What are some famous Cypriot artists?
A2: Anna Vissi, Evridiki, and Sarbel
Q3: What other genres of music are enjoyed in Cyprus?
A3: Hip Hop, R&B and reggae
Q4: Which artists are associated with Cypriot rock music?
A4: Michalis Hatzigiannis and Alkinoos Ioannidis
Q5: What are some famous metal Cypriot bands?
A5: Armageddon (rev.16:16), Blynd, Winter's Verge and Quadraphonic
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323 and declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567) that the Council of Trent (1545–63)—which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine—instead declined to take a position.

Q1: Where did the mass majority stand in relation to having or not having the Mary inception festivals ?
A1: Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception.
Q2: How did the Holy Roman Church rule on the matter of the festivals ?
A2: stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith.
Q3: Was the practce behind the meaning of the Mary inception festivals taught at Universities of theology ?
A3: end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties
Q4: In what year was the famous friar named Tom given a position as a saint of the Holy Roman Catholic Church ? 
A4: Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323
Q5: What happened to Tom at one of the 1567 that changed his title ?
A5: declared "Doctor Angelicus" of the Church in 1567
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

Popular representations of John first began to emerge during the Tudor period, mirroring the revisionist histories of the time. The anonymous play The Troublesome Reign of King John portrayed the king as a "proto-Protestant martyr", similar to that shown in John Bale's morality play Kynge Johan, in which John attempts to save England from the "evil agents of the Roman Church". By contrast, Shakespeare's King John, a relatively anti-Catholic play that draws on The Troublesome Reign for its source material, offers a more "balanced, dual view of a complex monarch as both a proto-Protestant victim of Rome's machinations and as a weak, selfishly motivated ruler". Anthony Munday's play The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington portrays many of John's negative traits, but adopts a positive interpretation of the king's stand against the Roman Catholic Church, in line with the contemporary views of the Tudor monarchs. By the middle of the 17th century, plays such as Robert Davenport's King John and Matilda, although based largely on the earlier Elizabethan works, were transferring the role of Protestant champion to the barons and focusing more on the tyrannical aspects of John's behaviour.

Q1: When did popular representations of John begin to emerge?
A1: Tudor period
Q2: What was Anthony Munday's play?
A2: The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington
Q3: In The Troublesome Reign of King John, John portrayed the king as what?
A3: proto-Protestant martyr
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

Population geneticists have debated whether the concept of population can provide a basis for a new conception of race. In order to do this, a working definition of population must be found. Surprisingly, there is no generally accepted concept of population that biologists use. Although the concept of population is central to ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology, most definitions of population rely on qualitative descriptions such as "a group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time" Waples and Gaggiotti identify two broad types of definitions for populations; those that fall into an ecological paradigm, and those that fall into an evolutionary paradigm. Examples of such definitions are:

Q1: What type of geneticists have debates about what can provide a basis for a new conception of race?
A1: Population
Q2: What class of researchers surprisingly have no generally accepted concept of population?
A2: biologists
Q3: What do most definitions of population rely on?
A3: qualitative descriptions
Q4: What do Waples and Gaggiotti identify two broad types of?
A4: definitions for populations
Q5: What are both ecological and evolutionary definition modifiers of?
A5: paradigm
Title: Somerset
Topic: Geography and places

Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981. The population density is 1.4 persons per hectare, which can be compared to 2.07 persons per hectare for the South West region. Within the county, population density ranges 0.5 in West Somerset to 2.2 persons per hectare in Taunton Deane. The percentage of the population who are economically active is higher than the regional and national average, and the unemployment rate is lower than the regional and national average.

Q1: What is the population growth rate of Somerset county 
A1: Population growth is higher than the national average, with a 6.4% increase, in the Somerset County Council area, since 1991, and a 17% increase since 1981
Q2: The unemployment rate of the county 
A2: the unemployment rate is lower than the regional and national average.
Q3: What percentage of the population is economically active 
A3: is higher than the regional and national average
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

Population has outstripped the supply of freshwater, usually from rainfall. The northern atolls get 50 inches (1,300 mm) of rainfall annually; the southern atolls about twice that. The threat of drought is commonplace throughout the island chains.

Q1: How many millimeters of rain do the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands receive?
A1: 1,300
Q2: What is the main source of fresh water for the Marshall Islands?
A2: rainfall
Q3: What is the Marshall Islands often threatened with?
A3: drought
Q4: How much more rain do the southern atolls get compared to the northern?
A4: twice
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

Population testing is still being done. Some Native American groups that have been sampled may not have shared the pattern of markers being searched for. Geneticists acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations. There is genetic evidence for three major migrations into North America, but not for more recent historic differentiation. In addition, not all Native Americans have been tested, so scientists do not know for sure that Native Americans have only the genetic markers they have identified.

Q1: Who says genetic tests can't tell the difference between different Native American nations?
A1: Geneticists
Q2: What are geneticists looking for?
A2: the pattern of markers
Q3: What is there genetic evidence of?
A3: three major migrations into North America
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same places (usually the eastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounds stays dry. Overall, Melbourne is, owing to the rain shadow of the Otway Ranges, nonetheless drier than average for southern Victoria. Within the city and surrounds, however, rainfall varies widely, from around 425 millimetres (17 in) at Little River to 1,250 millimetres (49 in) on the eastern fringe at Gembrook. Melbourne receives 48.6 clear days annually. Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F).

Q1: Approximately how many sunny days does Melbourne receive annually?
A1: 48.6
Q2: What is the range of Melbourne's dewpoint temperatures in the summer?
A2: 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F)
Q3: Which suburbs usually are affected by relatively narrow streams of heavy showers?
A3: eastern suburbs
Q4: Is Port Phillip generally warmer or colder than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass?
A4: warmer
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

Port of Nanjing is the largest inland port in China, with annual cargo tonnage reached 191,970,000 t in 2012. The port area is 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length and has 64 berths including 16 berths for ships with a tonnage of more than 10,000. Nanjing is also the biggest container port along the Yangtze River; in March 2004, the one million container-capacity base, Longtan Containers Port Area opened, further consolidating Nanjing as the leading port in the region. As of 2010, it operated six public ports and three industrial ports.

Q1: What is the largest inland port for China?
A1: Port of Nanjing
Q2: How long is the Port of Nanjing?
A2: 98 kilometres (61 mi) in length
Q3: How many berths does the Port contain?
A3: 64
Q4: When did Longtan Containers Port Area open up?
A4: March 2004
Q5: How many containers can Longtan Containers Port Area handle?
A5: one million container-capacity
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Portugal–Spain border is 1,214 km (754 mi) long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.

Q1: What ocean does Portugal border?
A1: Atlantic Ocean
Q2: What other country does Portugal border?
A2: Spain
Q3: What is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union?
A3: Portugal–Spain
Q4: Where is Portugal located?
A4: Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe
Q5: How long is the Portugal-Spain border?
A5: 1,214 km (754 mi)
Q6: What two autonomous regions have their own governments in Portugal?
A6: Azores and Madeira
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal has arguably the most liberal laws concerning possession of illicit drugs in the Western world. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized possession of effectively all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations including, but not limited to, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than "10 days worth of personal use" are still punishable by jail time and fines. People caught with small amounts of any drug are given the choice to go to a rehab facility, and may refuse treatment without consequences. Despite criticism from other European nations, who stated Portugal's drug consumption would tremendously increase, overall drug use has declined along with the number of HIV infection cases, which had dropped 50 percent by 2009. Drug use among 16- to 18-year-olds also declined, however the use of marijuana rose only slightly among that age group.

Q1: In which year did Portugal decriminalize drug possession?
A1: 2001
Q2: How much of a drug is legal to possess?
A2: 10 days worth of personal use
Q3: What option is allowed to those caught with small amounts of drugs?
A3: go to a rehab facility
Q4: By 2009, by how much had the rate of HIV infection decreased?
A4: 50 percent
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal has considerable resources of wind and river power, the two most cost-effective renewable sources. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a trend towards the development of a renewable resource industry and reduction of both consumption and use of fossil fuel resources. In 2006, the world's largest solar power plant at that date, the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station, began operating near Moura, in the south, while the world's first commercial wave power farm, the Aguçadoura Wave Farm, opened in the Norte region (2008). By the end of 2006, 66% of the country's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants, while 29% were derived from hydroelectric dams, and 6% by wind energy.

Q1: What are the two most considerable sources of renewable energy in Portugal?
A1: wind and river power
Q2: Where was Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located?
A2: Moura, in the south
Q3: Where was the Agucadoura Wave Farm located?
A3: Norte region
Q4: By the end of 2006, what percentage of Portugal's energy production was from renewable sources?
A4: 29%
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal has developed a specific culture while being influenced by various civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean and the European continent, or were introduced when it played an active role during the Age of Discovery. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities, in addition to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established in 1956 in Lisbon. These include the Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música, both in Porto, as well as new public cultural facilities like municipal libraries and concert halls that were built or renovated in many municipalities across the country. Portugal is home to fifteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites, ranking it 8th in Europe and 17th in the world.

Q1: Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities during what two decades?
A1: 1990s and 2000s
Q2: In what year was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?
A2: 1956
Q3: Where was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?
A3: Lisbon
Q4: What are some examples of Portugal's public cultural facilities?
A4: Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música
Q5: How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites is Portugal home to?
A5: fifteen
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal has several summer music festivals, such as Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha, Boom Festival in Idanha-a-Nova Municipality, Optimus Alive!, Sumol Summer Fest in Ericeira, Rock in Rio Lisboa and Super Bock Super Rock in Greater Lisbon. Out of the summer season, Portugal has a large number of festivals, designed more to an urban audience, like Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto. Furthermore, one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years, the Boom Festival, that is also the only festival in Portugal to win international awards: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010. There is also the student festivals of Queima das Fitas are major events in a number of cities across Portugal. In 2005, Portugal held the MTV Europe Music Awards, in Pavilhão Atlântico, Lisbon.

Q1: What are a couple examples of Summer music festivals held in Portugal?
A1: Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha,
Q2: What are a couple examples of non-Summer music festivals in Portugal?
A2: Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto
Q3: What is the Boom Festival?
A3: one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years
Q4: What international awards have been won by the Boom Festival?
A4: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010
Q5: In which year did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards?
A5: 2005
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal has the largest aquarium in Europe, the Lisbon Oceanarium, and the Portuguese have several other notable organizations focused on science-related exhibits and divulgation, like the state agency Ciência Viva, a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population, the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium.

Q1: What is the name of the largest European aquarium?
A1: Lisbon Oceanarium
Q2: What does the state agency Ciencia Viva promote?
A2: scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population
Q3: What are some examples of notable organizations focused on scientific exhibitions?
A3: Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]

Q1: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?
A1: copper
Q2: What are three types of minerals Portugal is a notable producer of?
A2: tin, tungsten and uranium
Q3: What type of exploration does Portugal lack the potential for?
A3: hydrocarbon
Q4: In which region does Portugal have vast reserves of iron and coal?
A4: north
Q5: What event triggered a decrease in the extraction of Portugal's natural resources?
A5: 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal is defined as a Mediterranean climate (Csa in the South, interior, and Douro region; Csb in the North, Central Portugal and coastal Alentejo; mixed oceanic climate along the northern half of the coastline and also Semi-arid climate or Steppe climate (BSk in certain parts of Beja district far South) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification), and is one of the warmest European countries: the annual average temperature in mainland Portugal varies from 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) in the south and on the Guadiana river basin. The Algarve, separated from the Alentejo region by mountains reaching up to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in Alto de Fóia, has a climate similar to that of the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia.

Q1: What type of climate does Portugal have?
A1: Mediterranean
Q2: In the mountainous interior north of Portugal, between what degrees is the average temperature?
A2: 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F)
Q3: In the south of Portugal and on the Guadiana river basin, between what degrees does the average temperature fluctuate?
A3: 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F)
Q4: How high do the mountains between Algarve and the Alentejo region reach?
A4: 900 metres (3,000 ft)
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, later being superseded by the "Estado Novo" right-wing authoritarian regime. Democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974. Shortly after, independence was granted to all its colonies, with the exception of Macau, which was handed over to China in 1999. This marked the end of the longest-lived European colonial empire, leaving a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe and a legacy of over 250 million Portuguese speakers today.

Q1: In Portugal, which city was destroyed in the 1755 earthquake?
A1: Lisbon
Q2: In which year did Brazel become independent?
A2: 1822
Q3: In which year was the Portugal monarchy deposed?
A3: 1910
Q4: Which Portugese colony was lost to China in 1999?
A4: Macau
Q5: How many Portugese speakers are there today?
A5: 250 million
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal maintains a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government and is a developed country with an advanced economy, and a high living standard, having the 18th highest Social Progress in the world, putting it ahead of other Western European countries like France, Spain and Italy. It is a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Portugal is also known for having decriminalized the usage of all common drugs in 2001, the first country in the world to do so. However, drugs are still illegal in Portugal.

Q1: What form of government does Portugal maintain?
A1: unitary semi-presidential republican
Q2: What is Portugal's Social Progress ranking?
A2: 18th highest
Q3: Which three Western European countries have a lower Social Progress ranking than Portugal?
A3: France, Spain and Italy
Q4: What are three international organizations that Portugal belongs to?
A4: United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
Q5: In 2001, Portugal was the first country in the world to do what?
A5: decriminalized the usage of all common drugs
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal operates a multi-party system of competitive legislatures/local administrative governments at the national-, regional- and local-levels. The Assembly of the Republic, Regional Assemblies and local municipalities and parishes, are dominated by two political parties, the Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party, in addition to the Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens"), the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party, which garner between 5 and 15% of the vote regularly.

Q1: What two political parties dominate Portugal's government?
A1: Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party
Q2: At what three levels does the Portugal government operate?
A2: national-, regional- and local-levels
Q3: What other political groups exist other than the two dominant ones?
A3: Unitary Democratic Coalition (Portuguese Communist Party and Ecologist Party "The Greens"), the Left Bloc and the Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party
Q4: What percentage of the vote do the non-dominant parties get?
A4: 5 and 15%
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.

Q1: What European age did Portugal spearhead?
A1: the Age of Discovery
Q2: Who was the Father of Prince Henry the Navigator?
A2: King João I
Q3: Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover?
A3: Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde
Q4: By which path did Portugal discover a route to India?
A4: Cape of Good Hope
Q5: What South American country did Portugal discover?
A5: Brazil
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean. It was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories (among them Angola and Mozambique in 1975), turning over the administration of Macau to the People's Republic of China at the end of 1999. Consequently, it has both influenced and been influenced by cultures from former colonies or dependencies, resulting in immigration from these former territories for both economic and/or personal reasons. Portugal, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry), has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Indian (Portuguese until 1961), African (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999) overseas territories. An estimated 800,000 Portuguese returned to Portugal as the country's African possessions gained independence in 1975. By 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants.

Q1: What is the cornerstone of Portugal's national identity?
A1: colonial history
Q2: Which ocean does Portugal border?
A2: Atlantic Ocean
Q3: What were two of the last territories Portugal gave up?
A3: Angola and Mozambique
Q4: The vast majority of Brazilians have what ancestry in common?
A4: Portuguese
Q5: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?
A5: 10,617,575
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portugal’s national energy transmission company, Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants. Before the solar/wind revolution, Portugal had generated electricity from hydropower plants on its rivers for decades. New programs combine wind and water: wind-driven turbines pump water uphill at night, the most blustery period; then the water flows downhill by day, generating electricity, when consumer demand is highest. Portugal’s distribution system is also now a two-way street. Instead of just delivering electricity, it draws electricity from even the smallest generators, like rooftop solar panels. The government aggressively encouraged such contributions by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity.

Q1: What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?
A1: Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)
Q2: What does REN do?
A2: uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants
Q3: Through what renewable resource had Portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution?
A3: hydropower plants on its rivers
Q4: What is used to pump water uphill in Portugal?
A4: wind-driven turbines
Q5: How did the Portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels?
A5: setting a premium price
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portuguese cinema has a long tradition, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century. Portuguese film directors such as Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes, João Botelho and Leonel Vieira, are among those that gained notability. Noted Portuguese film actors include Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado.

Q1: In which period was cinema born?
A1: late 19th century
Q2: Who are some examples of Portuguese film directors?
A2: Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes
Q3: Who are some noted Portuguese actors?
A3: Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portuguese cuisine is diverse. The Portuguese consume a lot of dry cod (bacalhau in Portuguese), for which there are hundreds of recipes. There are more than enough bacalhau dishes for each day of the year. Two other popular fish recipes are grilled sardines and caldeirada, a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish. Typical Portuguese meat recipes, that may be made out of beef, pork, lamb, or chicken, include cozido à portuguesa, feijoada, frango de churrasco, leitão (roast suckling pig) and carne de porco à alentejana. A very popular northern dish is the arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood).

Q1: What is dry cod known as in Portuguese?
A1: bacalhau
Q2: Other than bacalhau, what are two other popular fish recipes in Portugal?
A2: grilled sardines and caldeirada
Q3: What is caldeirada?
A3: a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish
Q4: What meats are often used in Portuguese recipes?
A4: beef, pork, lamb, or chicken
Q5: What are two popular Northern Portugal dishes?
A5: arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood)
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portugal, there are still many similarities between the Galician culture and the Portuguese culture. Galicia is a consultative observer of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. According to the Ethnologue of Languages, Portuguese and Spanish have a lexical similarity of 89% - educated speakers of each language can communicate easily with one another.

Q1: What is the official name of Portugal?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: What type of language is Portuguese?
A2: Romance
Q3: Where did Portuguese originate?
A3: Galicia and Northern Portugal
Q4: What was the common name of the Galician and Portuguese people?
A4: Galician-Portuguese
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilian police force who work in urban areas; and the Polícia Judiciária – PJ (Judicial Police), a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry.

Q1: Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what?
A1: former colonies and territories
Q2: What is the Policia de Seguranca Publica - PSP (Public Security Police)?
A2: a civilian police force who work in urban areas
Q3: What is the Policia Judiciaria - PJ (Judicial Police)?
A3: a highly specialized criminal investigation police
Q4: Which entity oversees the Judicial Police?
A4: the Public Ministry.
Title: Guinea-Bissau
Topic: Geography and places

Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.

Q1: What natives comprise a very small percentage of the population?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: Who left the country after Guinea-Bissau gained independence?
A2: Portuguese nationals
Q3: What ethnic group has a tiny population in Guinea-Bissau?
A3: Chinese
Q4: What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony?
A4: Macau
Q5: What is the ancestry of the Chinese population in Guinea-Bissau?
A5: mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

Portuguese pavement (in Portuguese, Calçada Portuguesa) is a kind of two-tone stone mosaic paving created in Portugal, and common throughout the Lusosphere. Most commonly taking the form of geometric patterns from the simple to the complex, it also is used to create complex pictorial mosaics in styles ranging from iconography to classicism and even modern design. In Portuguese-speaking countries, many cities have a large amount of their sidewalks and even, though far more occasionally, streets done in this mosaic form. Lisbon in particular maintains almost all walkways in this style.

Q1: Portuguese pavement is known by what other name?
A1: Calçada Portuguesa
Q2: What is Portuguese pavement?
A2: two-tone stone mosaic paving
Q3: What is the most common pattern for Portuguese pavement?
A3: geometric
Q4: Which city has almost all of its sidewalks in Portuguese pavement?
A4: Lisbon
Q5: What other cityscape is done with Portuguese pavement?
A5: streets
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portuguese universities have existed since 1290. The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra. Historically, within the scope of the Portuguese Empire, the Portuguese founded the oldest engineering school of the Americas (the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro) in 1792, as well as the oldest medical college in Asia (the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa) in 1842. The largest university in Portugal is the University of Lisbon.

Q1: Since when have Portuguese universities existed?
A1: 1290
Q2: Where was the oldest Portuguese university established?
A2: Lisbon
Q3: Where did the oldest Portuguese university relocate to?
A3: Coimbra
Q4: What is the oldest engineering school of the Americas?
A4: the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro
Q5: What is the oldest medical college in Asia?
A5: the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Portuguese wines have enjoyed international recognition since the times of the Romans, who associated Portugal with their god Bacchus. Today, the country is known by wine lovers and its wines have won several international prizes. Some of the best Portuguese wines are: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine, the Moscatel from Setúbal and Favaios. Port and Madeira are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world.

Q1: Since when have Portuguese wines garnished international recognition?
A1: since the times of the Romans
Q2: With which Roman God was Portugal associated with?
A2: Bacchus
Q3: What are some of the best Portuguese wines?
A3: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine
Q4: Which two Portuguese wines are especially enjoyed around the world?
A4: Port and Madeira
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World Ocean. It covers more than 14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest continent, about 1.3 times as large as Europe. The coastline measures 17,968 km (11,165 mi) and is mostly characterized by ice formations, as the following table shows:

Q1: What is the southern most continent?
A1: Antarctica
Q2: What is the size of Antarctica in square miles?
A2: 5,400,000
Q3: What is Antarctica's ranking among the continents?
A3: fifth-largest
Q4: How many miles long is Antarctica's coast line?
A4: 11,165
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

Possessing a mezzo-soprano vocal range, Madonna has always been self-conscious about her voice, especially in comparison to her vocal idols such as Ella Fitzgerald, Prince, and Chaka Khan. Mark Bego, author of Madonna: Blonde Ambition, called her "the perfect vocalist for lighter-than-air songs", despite not being a "heavyweight talent." According to MSNBC critic Tony Sclafani, "Madonna's vocals are the key to her rock roots. Pop vocalists usually sing songs "straight," but Madonna employs subtext, irony, aggression and all sorts of vocal idiosyncrasies in the ways John Lennon and Bob Dylan did." Madonna used a bright, girlish vocal timbre in her early albums which became passé in her later works. The change was deliberate since she was constantly reminded of how the critics had once labelled her as "Minnie Mouse on helium". During the filming of Evita, Madonna had to take vocal lessons, which increased her range further. Of this experience she commented, "I studied with a vocal coach for Evita and I realized there was a whole piece of my voice I wasn't using. Before, I just believed I had a really limited range and was going to make the most of it."

Q1: Madonna has which vocal range?
A1: mezzo-soprano
Q2: What was the title of Madonna's Book?
A2: Blonde Ambition
Q3: Who stated that Madonna's voice are key to her rock roots?
A3: Tony Sclafani
Q4: When did Madonna take voice lessons?
A4: filming of Evita
Title: Antibiotics
Topic: History

Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials. The CDC will monitor the use of antibiotics and the emerging resistance, and publish the data. The FDA antibiotics labeling process, 'Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms' or 'breakpoints', will provide accurate data to healthcare professionals. According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, "By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible."

Q1: Who regulates antibiotic approval?
A1: FDA
Q2: What could help to spur pharmaceuticals to make new antibiotics?
A2: economic incentives
Q3: What are resistant bacteria called in the media?
A3: superbugs
Q4: Who is a director at the Pew Charitable Trusts?
A4: Allan Coukell,
Title: Virgil
Topic: Language and literature

Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but eventually spreading widely throughout Europe, a tradition developed in which Virgil was regarded as a great magician. Legends about Virgil and his magical powers remained popular for over two hundred years, arguably becoming as prominent as his writings themselves. Virgil's legacy in medieval Wales was such that the Welsh version of his name, Fferyllt or Pheryllt, became a generic term for magic-worker, and survives in the modern Welsh word for pharmacist, fferyllydd.

Q1: Where did the tradition start which regarded Virgil as a great magician?
A1: Naples
Q2: How long did legends of Virgil's magical powers remain popular?
A2: over two hundred years
Q3: What is the modern Welsh word for phramacist?
A3: fferyllydd
Q4: Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?
A4: medieval Wales
Q5: When did Virgil's reputation as a great magician begin?
A5: 12th century
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have been executed, almost exclusively by the states, with most occurring after 1990. Texas has accounted for over one-third of modern executions (although only two death sentences were imposed in Texas during 2015, with the courts preferring to issue sentences of life without parole instead) and over four times as many as Oklahoma, the state with the second-highest number. California has the greatest number of prisoners on death row, has issued the highest number of death sentences but has held relatively few executions.

Q1: How many executions occurred in 1999?
A1: 98
Q2: What was the number of people executed in 2015?
A2: 28
Q3: In what year did the reauthorization of capital punishment occur?
A3: 1976
Q4: How many people have been executed in the United States since 1976?
A4: 1,411
Q5: Which state has the largest number of people awaiting execution?
A5: California
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.

Q1: Who built the first house on the site?
A1: Sir William Blake
Q2: Which owner developed much of the garden still seen today?
A2: Lord Goring
Q3: What was Lord Goring's garden known as?
A3: Goring Great Garden
Q4: Under which king did the Royal Family regain the freehold title of the property? 
A4: King George III
Q5: Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London?
A5: King Charles I
Q6: Who owned the first house built on the site?
A6: Sir William Blake
Q7: Who developed what is much of today's garden at Buckingham?
A7: Lord Goring
Q8: What was the name of Lord Goring Garden?
A8: Goring Great Garden
Q9: Which king fled to London leaving allowing the Royal family to keep it's freehold on the property?
A9: King Charles I
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.

Q1: When was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?
A1: 1901
Q2: Where was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life created?
A2: Milan
Q3: Who is responsible for the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?
A3: Giacomo Orefice
Q4: What is thought to be the first fictionalized work about Chopin?
A4: Chopin
Q5: What style is the fictionalized "Chopin" in?
A5: opera
Q6: Who wrote the fictionalized "Chopin?"
A6: Giacomo Orefice
Q7: When was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?
A7: 1901.
Q8: Where was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?
A8: Milan
Title: Guam
Topic: Geography and places

Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.

Q1: hat years did the Spanish rule Guam?
A1: 1668–1898
Q2: What religion was the general population converted to?
A2: Roman Catholicism
Q3: Which two major holidays become popular in Guam?
A3: Easter and Christmas
Q4: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?
A4: Malayo-Polynesian