LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Efforts by local kings to fight the invaders led to the formation of new political entities. In Anglo-Saxon England, King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) came to an agreement with the Viking invaders in the late 9th century, resulting in Danish settlements in Northumbria, Mercia, and parts of East Anglia. By the middle of the 10th century, Alfred's successors had conquered Northumbria, and restored English control over most of the southern part of Great Britain. In northern Britain, Kenneth MacAlpin (d. c. 860) united the Picts and the Scots into the Kingdom of Alba. In the early 10th century, the Ottonian dynasty had established itself in Germany, and was engaged in driving back the Magyars. Its efforts culminated in the coronation in 962 of Otto I (r. 936–973) as Holy Roman Emperor. In 972, he secured recognition of his title by the Byzantine Empire, which he sealed with the marriage of his son Otto II (r. 967–983) to Theophanu (d. 991), daughter of an earlier Byzantine Emperor Romanos II (r. 959–963). By the late 10th century Italy had been drawn into the Ottonian sphere after a period of instability; Otto III (r. 996–1002) spent much of his later reign in the kingdom. The western Frankish kingdom was more fragmented, and although kings remained nominally in charge, much of the political power devolved to the local lords.

Q1: When did Alfred the Great begin his reign?
A1: 871
Q2: What was the kingdom of Kenneth MacAlpin?
A2: the Kingdom of Alba
Q3: Of what dynasty was Otto I a member?
A3: Ottonian dynasty
Q4: What group did Otto I defeat?
A4: Magyars
Q5: In what year did Otto I become Holy Roman Emperor?
A5: 962
Title: Mali
Topic: Geography and places

Efforts have been made to improve nutrition, and reduce associated health problems, by encouraging women to make nutritious versions of local recipes. For example, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Aga Khan Foundation, trained women's groups to make equinut, a healthy and nutritional version of the traditional recipe di-dèguè (comprising peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour). The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.

Q1: What does ICRISTAT stand for?
A1: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Q2: What types of efforts to aid in health problems have been made?
A2: improve nutrition
Q3: The local communities have accepted equinut because it is similar to what native recipe?
A3: recipe di-dèguè
Q4: ICRISTAT had success in teaching women how to make what product of nutritional value?
A4: equinut
Q5: What ingredients are in both the traditional and nutritional version of this dish?
A5: peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour
Title: Guam
Topic: Geography and places

Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.

Q1: What has Guam recently being trying to protect?
A1: coral reef habitats
Q2: What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam?
A2: pollution, eroded silt and overfishing
Q3: What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for?
A3: Mariana fruit bats
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s. Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA). Autosomal DNA is a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry, Y-DNA shows a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line, mtDNA shows any person's lineage only along the strict-maternal line. Genome-wide association studies have also been employed to yield findings relevant to genetic origins.

Q1: When did efforts begin to try and identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis?
A1: the 1990s
Q2: How many types of genetic origin testing currently exist?
A2: three types of genetic origin testing
Q3: What are the three types of origin testing?
A3: autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)
Q4: Autosomal DNA is what?
A4: a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry
Q5: What does Y-DNA show?
A5: a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Egocentrism in adolescents forms a self-conscious desire to feel important in their peer groups and enjoy social acceptance. Unlike the conflicting aspects of self-concept, identity represents a coherent sense of self stable across circumstances and including past experiences and future goals. Everyone has a self-concept, whereas Erik Erikson argued that not everyone fully achieves identity. Erikson's theory of stages of development includes the identity crisis in which adolescents must explore different possibilities and integrate different parts of themselves before committing to their beliefs. He described the resolution of this process as a stage of "identity achievement" but also stressed that the identity challenge "is never fully resolved once and for all at one point in time". Adolescents begin by defining themselves based on their crowd membership. "Clothes help teens explore new identities, separate from parents, and bond with peers." Fashion has played a major role when it comes to teenagers "finding their selves"; Fashion is always evolving, which corresponds with the evolution of change in the personality of teenagers. Adolescents attempt to define their identity by consciously styling themselves in different manners to find what best suits them. Trial and error in matching both their perceived image and the image others respond to and see, allows for the adolescent to grasp an understanding of who they are Just as fashion is evolving to influence adolescents so is the media. "Modern life takes place amidst a never-ending barrage of flesh on screens, pages, and billboards." This barrage consciously or subconsciously registers into the mind causing issues with self-image a factor that contributes to an adolescence sense of identity. Researcher James Marcia developed the current method for testing an individual's progress along these stages. His questions are divided into three categories: occupation, ideology, and interpersonal relationships. Answers are scored based on extent to which the individual has explored and the degree to which he has made commitments. The result is classification of the individual into a) identity diffusion in which all children begin, b) Identity Foreclosure in which commitments are made without the exploration of alternatives, c) Moratorium, or the process of exploration, or d) Identity Achievement in which Moratorium has occurred and resulted in commitments.

Q1: Which theorist argued that not everyone fully achieves identity?
A1: Erik Erikson
Q2: How do adolescents initially define themselves?
A2: crowd membership
Q3: How is Moratorium defined?
A3: process of exploration
Q4: Which researcher developed the current method for testing an individual's process along the stages of identity?
A4: James Marcia
Q5: James Marcia divides questions into how many categories?
A5: three
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر‎ Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasian nation. Most of Egypt's territory of 1,010,408 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) lies within the Nile Valley. Egypt is a Mediterranean country. It is bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.

Q1: What 2 continents meet at Egypt?
A1: Africa and southwest corner of Asia
Q2: What land bridge between Asian and Africa?
A2: Sinai Peninsula
Q3: How larger is Egypt?
A3: 1,010,408 square kilometres
Q4: What Sea borders Egypt to the east?
A4: Red Sea
Q5: What country borders Egypt to the south?
A5: Sudan
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt actively practices capital punishment. Egypt's authorities do not release figures on death sentences and executions, despite repeated requests over the years by human rights organisations. The United Nations human rights office and various NGOs expressed "deep alarm" after an Egyptian Minya Criminal Court sentenced 529 people to death in a single hearing on 25 March 2014. Sentenced supporters of former President Mohamed Morsi will be executed for their alleged role in violence following his ousting in July 2013. The judgment was condemned as a violation of international law. By May 2014, approximately 16,000 people (and as high as more than 40,000 by one independent count), mostly Brotherhood members or supporters, have been imprisoned after the coup  after the Muslim Brotherhood was labelled as terrorist organisation by the post-coup interim Egyptian government.

Q1: what controversial practice does Egypt actively administer as punishment?
A1: capital punishment
Q2: In March 2014 what number of people were sentenced to death in a single hearing?
A2: 529
Q3: What was Muslim Brotherhood labelled post coup?
A3: terrorist organisation
Q4: What former president's supporters are set to be executed?
A4: Mohamed Morsi
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities.

Q1: Approximately how many rufugees and asylum seekers are in Egypt?
A1: between 500,000 and 3 million
Q2: How may Palestinian refugees are in Egypt?
A2: 70,000
Q3: How many recent Iraqi refugees are in Egypt?
A3: 150,000
Q4: What cities house several important Jewish archaelogical sites?
A4: Cairo, Alexandria and other cities
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power. Substantial coal deposits in the northeast Sinai are mined at the rate of about 600,000 tonnes (590,000 long tons; 660,000 short tons) per year. Oil and gas are produced in the western desert regions, the Gulf of Suez, and the Nile Delta. Egypt has huge reserves of gas, estimated at 2,180 cubic kilometres (520 cu mi), and LNG up to 2012 exported to many countries. In 2013, the Egyptian General Petroleum Co (EGPC) said the country will cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis and stave off political unrest, Reuters has reported. Egypt is counting on top liquid natural gas (LNG) exporter Qatar to obtain additional gas volumes in summer, while encouraging factories to plan their annual maintenance for those months of peak demand, said EGPC chairman, Tarek El Barkatawy. Egypt produces its own energy, but has been a net oil importer since 2008 and is rapidly becoming a net importer of natural gas.

Q1: What is Egypts energy market based upon?
A1: coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power
Q2: How much coal is mine yearly in northeast Sinai?
A2: 600,000 tonnes
Q3: Is Egypt able to sustain just from its own energy production?
A3: has been a net oil importer since 2008
Q4: What efforts were made in 2013 to maintain sustainability?
A4: cut exports of natural gas and tell major industries to slow output this summer to avoid an energy crisis
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt has a wide range of beaches situated on the Mediterranean and the Red Sea that extend to over 3,000 km. The Red Sea has serene waters, coloured coral reefs, rare fish and beautiful mountains. The Akba Gulf beaches also provide facilities for practising sea sports. Safaga tops the Red Sea zone with its beautiful location on the Suez Gulf. Last but not least, Sharm el-Sheikh (or City of Peace), Hurghada, Luxor (known as world's greatest open-air museum/ or City of the ⅓ of world monuments), Dahab, Ras Sidr, Marsa Alam, Safaga and the northern coast of the Mediterranean are major tourist's destinations of the recreational tourism.

Q1: Where are Egyptian beaches situated?
A1: Mediterranean and the Red Sea
Q2: How far do Egyptian beaches extend?
A2: 3,000 km
Q3: What locations on Egypt's northern coast are major tourist destinations for recreational tourism?
A3: Dahab, Ras Sidr, Marsa Alam, Safaga
Q4: What Egypt located body of water is known for its serenity?
A4: Red Sea
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt has hosted several international competitions. the last one was 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup which took place between 24 September - 16 October 2009. On Friday 19 September of the year 2014, Guinness World Records has announced that Egyptian scuba diver Ahmed Gabr is the new title holder for deepest salt water scuba dive, at 332.35 metres. Ahmed set a new world record Friday when he reached a depth of more than 1,000 feet. The 14-hour feat took Gabr 1,066 feet down into the abyss near the Egyptian town of Dahab in ther Red Sea, where he works as a diving instructor.

Q1: What was the last international competition Egypt hosted?
A1: 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup
Q2: Who holds Guiness record for Deepest salt water scuba dive?
A2: Ahmed Gabr
Q3: How deep did Gabr dive?
A3: 1,066 feet down
Q4: In what body of water did Gabr dive?
A4: Red Sea
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century.

Q1: How far back does Egypt's history date back?
A1: tenth millennium BC
Q2: Why is Egypt considered a cradle of civilisation?
A2: earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government
Q3: What were some of Egypt's foreign influences?
A3: Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European
Q4: What are iconic monumuents of Egypt?
A4: Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx
Q5: In what century were islamic conquests of Egypt?
A5: seventh century
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts.

Q1: What is the oldest era in Egypt?
A1: prehistoric
Q2: What are some examples of Ages in Egypt?
A2: Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic
Q3: How many museums are found in Egypt?
A3: at least 60
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank.

Q1: What 3 religions does Egypt recognise?
A1: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism
Q2: What recognition do Baha'i and Hmadi community get from Egyptian government?
A2: are not recognised by the state
Q3: Until what year did some minorities need to lie about religion or not get mandatory state issued ID?
A3: 2008
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt was producing 691,000 bbl/d of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas (in 2013), which makes Egypt as the largest oil producer not member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the second-largest dry natural gas producer in Africa. In 2013, Egypt was the largest consumer of oil and natural gas in Africa, as more than 20% of total oil consumption and more than 40% of total dry natural gas consumption in Africa. Also, Egypt possesses the largest oil refinery capacity in Africa 726,000 bbl/d (in 2012). Egypt is currently planning to build its first nuclear power plant in El Dabaa city, northern Egypt.

Q1: How much oil is Egypt producing in a day?
A1: 691,000 bbl/d
Q2: How much natural gas is Egypt producing in a day?
A2: 2,141.05 Tcf
Q3: Where does Egypt rank among oil and natural gas sonsumers in Africa?
A3: largest consumer
Q4: Where is Egypt planning to build is first nuclear power plant?
A4: El Dabaa city
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism; there are also more than three million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population, limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress the economy.

Q1: What areas of economy is Egypt dependent on?
A1: agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism
Q2: Where do Egyptians working abroad work mainly?
A2: Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe
Q3: What lake reulted from completion of Aswan High Dam?
A3: Lake Nasser
Q4: What year was Aswan High Dam completed?
A4: 1970
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egypt's most prominent multinational companies are the Orascom Group and Raya Contact Center. The information technology (IT) sector has expanded rapidly in the past few years, with many start-ups selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe, operating with companies such as Microsoft, Oracle and other major corporations, as well as many small and medium size enterprises. Some of these companies are the Xceed Contact Center, Raya, E Group Connections and C3. The IT sector has been stimulated by new Egyptian entrepreneurs with government encouragement.[citation needed]

Q1: What are Egypt's 2 most prominent multinational compnaies?
A1: Orascom Group and Raya Contact Center
Q2: What sector has expanded radiply by selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe?
A2: information technology (IT)
Q3: What has stimulated IT sector?
A3: new Egyptian entrepreneurs with government encouragement
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian. In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, "I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to reddish".

Q1: Who was the Egyptian President?
A1: Anwar Sadat
Q2: What ethnicity was his father?
A2: Egyptian
Q3: What color did he refer to himself as?
A3: reddish
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egyptian cinema became a regional force with the coming of sound. In 1936, Studio Misr, financed by industrialist Talaat Harb, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades. For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab production.[citation needed] Egypt is considered the leading country in the field of cinema in the Middle East. Actors from all over the Arab World seek to appear in the Egyptian cinema for the sake of fame. The Cairo International Film Festival has been rated as one of 11 festivals with a top class rating worldwide by the International Federation of Film Producers' Associations.

Q1: In what year was Studio Misr founded?
A1: 1936
Q2: Who financed Studio Misr?
A2: Talaat Harb
Q3: In more that 100 years how many films have been produced in Egypt?
A3: 4000 films
Q4: What share of Arab productions have come from Egypt?
A4: three quarters
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East. The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular. Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Egyptian women writers include Nawal El Saadawi, well known for her feminist activism, and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition.

Q1: Who was the first to develop literature?
A1: Egyptians
Q2: What syles did writers in Arabic literature experiment with first?
A2: modern styles
Q3: What was the first modern Egyptian novel?
A3: Zaynab
Q4: When was Munammad Huayn Haykal's first modern novel published?
A4: 1913
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements. It has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since antiquity. The ancient Egyptians credited one of their gods Hathor with the invention of music, which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilise the world. Egyptians used music instruments since then. Contemporary Egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of people such as Abdu El Hamouli, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez whose age is considered the golden age of music in Egypt and the whole Middle East and North-Africa. Prominent contemporary Egyptian pop singers include Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir.

Q1: What elements mix for Egyptian music?
A1: indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western
Q2: Who is credited with invention of music by ancient Egyptians?
A2: Hathor
Q3: What artist are considered the golden age of Egyptian music?
A3: Abdu El Hamouli, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez
Q4: What is more contemporary Egyptian Pop Singer?
A4: Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of compounds available from the German dye industry, led to the development of Prontosil, the first representative of the sulfonamide class of antibiotics. Compared to arsphenamine, the sulfonamides had a broader spectrum of activity and were far less toxic, rendering them useful for infections caused by pathogens such as streptococci. In 1939, Domagk received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this discovery. Nonetheless, the dramatic decrease in deaths from infectious diseases that occurred prior to World War II was primarily the result of improved public health measures such as clean water and less crowded housing, and the impact of anti-infective drugs and vaccines was significant mainly after World War II.

Q1: Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939?
A1: Gerhard Domagk
Q2: Who is responsible for creating Prontosil?
A2: Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk
Q3: What causes Streptococci?
A3: pathogens
Q4: Many deaths occurred before World War II due to what?
A4: infectious diseases
Q5: Prontosil is in what drug class?
A5: antibiotics
Q6: What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic?
A6: Prontosil
Q7: What award did Domagk receive in 1939?
A7: Nobel Prize in Medicine
Q8: Anti-infective drugs became more prominent after what war?
A8: World War II
Q9: Were sulfonamides more or less toxic than arsphenamine?
A9: less
Q10: Streptococci and other pathogens could be treated by what type of antibiotics?
A10: sulfonamides
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

Eight days later, on February 28, 1969, came the events for which Kerry was awarded his Silver Star Medal. On this occasion, Kerry was in tactical command of his Swift boat and two other Swift boats during a combat operation. Their mission on the Duong Keo River included bringing an underwater demolition team and dozens of South Vietnamese Marines to destroy enemy sampans, structures and bunkers as described in the story The Death Of PCF 43. Running into heavy small arms fire from the river banks, Kerry "directed the units to turn to the beach and charge the Viet Cong positions" and he "expertly directed" his boat's fire causing the enemy to flee while at the same time coordinating the insertion of the ninety South Vietnamese troops (according to the original medal citation signed by Admiral Zumwalt). Moving a short distance upstream, Kerry's boat was the target of a B-40 rocket round; Kerry charged the enemy positions and as his boat hove to and beached, a Viet Cong ("VC") insurgent armed with a rocket launcher emerged from a spider hole and ran. While the boat's gunner opened fire, wounding the VC in the leg, and while the other boats approached and offered cover fire, Kerry jumped from the boat to pursue the VC insurgent, subsequently killing him and capturing his loaded rocket launcher.

Q1: When did Kerry earn a Silver Star?
A1: February 28, 1969
Q2: Where did Kerry earn a Silver Star?
A2: the Duong Keo River
Q3: How many swift boats did Kerry command?
A3: his Swift boat and two other Swift boats
Q4: Who awarded the Silver Star to Kerry?
A4: Admiral Zumwalt
Q5: What story described the events of Feb 28, 1969?
A5: The Death Of PCF 43
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas peak 2,918 metres (9,573 ft), the highest in the country. Western Greece contains a number of lakes and wetlands and is dominated by the Pindus mountain range. The Pindus, a continuation of the Dinaric Alps, reaches a maximum elevation of 2,637 m (8,652 ft) at Mt. Smolikas (the second-highest in Greece) and historically has been a significant barrier to east-west travel.

Q1: How tall is Mount Olympus?
A1: 9,573 ft
Q2: The tallest mountain in the Pindus range is what?
A2: Mt. Smolikas
Q3: How tall is Mt. Smolikas?
A3: 8,652 ft
Title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Einstein partially advocates Mach's principle in that distant stars explain inertia because they provide the gravitational field against which acceleration and inertia occur. But contrary to Leibniz's account, this warped space-time is as integral a part of an object as are its other defining characteristics, such as volume and mass. If one holds, contrary to idealist beliefs, that objects exist independently of the mind, it seems that relativistics commits them to also hold that space and temporality have exactly the same type of independent existence.

Q1: How does Einstein advocate Mach's principle?
A1: partially
Q2: How Einstein's theory compared to Leibniz's?
A2: contrary
Q3: What is considered contrary to idealist beliefs in regards to space?
A3: objects exist independently of the mind
Title: Time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Einstein showed in his thought experiments that people travelling at different speeds, while agreeing on cause and effect, measure different time separations between events, and can even observe different chronological orderings between non-causally related events. Though these effects are typically minute in the human experience, the effect becomes much more pronounced for objects moving at speeds approaching the speed of light. Many subatomic particles exist for only a fixed fraction of a second in a lab relatively at rest, but some that travel close to the speed of light can be measured to travel farther and survive much longer than expected (a muon is one example). According to the special theory of relativity, in the high-speed particle's frame of reference, it exists, on the average, for a standard amount of time known as its mean lifetime, and the distance it travels in that time is zero, because its velocity is zero. Relative to a frame of reference at rest, time seems to "slow down" for the particle. Relative to the high-speed particle, distances seem to shorten. Einstein showed how both temporal and spatial dimensions can be altered (or "warped") by high-speed motion.

Q1: Who showed, in his thought experiments, that people travelling at different speeds measured time differently?
A1: Einstein
Q2: In what case do these effects become much more noticeable?
A2: for objects moving at speeds approaching the speed of light.
Q3: How long do most subatomic particles exist for in a lab?
A3: a fixed fraction of a second
Q4: Einstein showed how what could be altered by high speed motion?
A4: both temporal and spatial dimensions
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower attended Abilene High School and graduated with the class of 1909. As a freshman, he injured his knee and developed a leg infection that extended into his groin, and which his doctor diagnosed as life-threatening. The doctor insisted that the leg be amputated but Dwight refused to allow it, and miraculously recovered, though he had to repeat his freshman year. He and brother Edgar both wanted to attend college, though they lacked the funds. They made a pact to take alternate years at college while the other worked to earn the tuitions.

Q1: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from high school?
A1: 1909
Q2: What high school did Eisenhower go to?
A2: Abilene
Q3: What was the name of Eisenhower's brother?
A3: Edgar
Q4: In what year of high school did Eisenhower suffer a groin infection?
A4: freshman
Q5: What high school year did Eisenhower have to repeat?
A5: freshman
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower began smoking cigarettes at West Point, often two or three packs a day. Eisenhower stated that he "gave [himself] an order" to stop cold turkey in March 1949 while at Columbia. He was probably the first president to release information about his health and medical records while in office. On September 24, 1955, while vacationing in Colorado, he had a serious heart attack that required six weeks' hospitalization, during which time Nixon, Dulles, and Sherman Adams assumed administrative duties and provided communication with the President. He was treated by Dr. Paul Dudley White, a cardiologist with a national reputation, who regularly informed the press of the President's progress. Instead of eliminating him as a candidate for a second term as President, his physician recommended a second term as essential to his recovery.

Q1: Where did Eisenhower pick up the habit of smoking?
A1: West Point
Q2: How many cigarettes did Eisenhower smoke daily at West Point?
A2: two or three packs
Q3: When did Eisenhower stop smoking completely?
A3: March 1949
Q4: Who was Eisenhower's employer when he gave up smoking?
A4: Columbia
Q5: Who was the cardiologist who treated Eisenhower after his heart attack?
A5: Paul Dudley White
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied participation and congressional approval. When the French fortress of Dien Bien Phu fell to the Vietnamese Communists in May 1954, Eisenhower refused to intervene despite urgings from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, the Vice President and the head of NCS.

Q1: Aside from bombers, what aid did Eisenhower provide to the French?
A1: non-combat personnel
Q2: What did American bombers drop on Vietnam?
A2: napalm
Q3: When did Dien Bien Phu fall to the communists?
A3: May 1954
Q4: Along with the Vice President and NCS head, who urged Eisenhower to intervene after the fall of Dien Bien Phu?
A4: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
Q5: What arguably impossible conditions did Eisenhower set for further intervention on behalf of the French?
A5: allied participation and congressional approval
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower responded to the French defeat with the formation of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) Alliance with the U.K., France, New Zealand and Australia in defense of Vietnam against communism. At that time the French and Chinese reconvened Geneva peace talks; Eisenhower agreed the U.S. would participate only as an observer. After France and the Communists agreed to a partition of Vietnam, Eisenhower rejected the agreement, offering military and economic aid to southern Vietnam. Ambrose argues that Eisenhower, by not participating in the Geneva agreement, had kept the U.S out of Vietnam; nevertheless, with the formation of SEATO, he had in the end put the U.S. back into the conflict.

Q1: What is SEATO?
A1: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Q2: Along with the United States, the United Kingdom and France, who formed SEATO?
A2: New Zealand and Australia
Q3: What was the purpose of SEATO?
A3: defense of Vietnam against communism
Q4: What group did France split Vietnam with?
A4: Communists
Q5: Who met in peace talks with France at Geneva?
A5: Chinese
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower retired to the place where he and Mamie had spent much of their post-war time, a working farm adjacent to the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, only 70 miles from his ancestral home in Elizabethville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. In 1967 the Eisenhowers donated the farm to the National Park Service. In retirement, the former president did not completely retreat from political life; he spoke at the 1964 Republican National Convention and appeared with Barry Goldwater in a Republican campaign commercial from Gettysburg. However, his endorsement came somewhat reluctantly because Goldwater had attacked the former president as "a dime-store New Dealer".

Q1: What town did Eisenhower retire to after his presidency?
A1: Gettysburg
Q2: What Pennsylvania county did Eisenhower grow up in?
A2: Dauphin
Q3: Who did Eisenhower donate his farm to in 1967?
A3: National Park Service
Q4: Who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1964?
A4: Barry Goldwater
Q5: What did Barry Goldwater call Eisenhower?
A5: dime-store New Dealer
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower returned to the U.S. in December 1939 and was assigned as a battalion commander and regimental executive officer of the 15th Infantry at Fort Lewis, Washington. In March 1941 he was promoted to colonel and assigned as chief of staff of the newly activated IX Corps under Major General Kenyon Joyce. In June 1941, he was appointed Chief of Staff to General Walter Krueger, Commander of the 3rd Army, at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. After successfully participating in the Louisiana Maneuvers, he was promoted to brigadier general on October 3, 1941. Although his administrative abilities had been noticed, on the eve of the U.S. entry into World War II he had never held an active command above a battalion and was far from being considered by many as a potential commander of major operations.

Q1: What unit did Eisenhower serve with upon his return to the United States?
A1: 15th Infantry
Q2: At what military installation was the 15th Infantry based?
A2: Fort Lewis
Q3: In the spring of 1941, who commanded IX Corps?
A3: Kenyon Joyce
Q4: In what city was the 3rd Army based in June of 1941?
A4: San Antonio
Q5: What event contributed to Eisenhower receiving a promotion to brigadier general?
A5: Louisiana Maneuvers
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower told District of Columbia officials to make Washington a model for the rest of the country in integrating black and white public school children. He proposed to Congress the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and of 1960 and signed those acts into law. The 1957 act for the first time established a permanent civil rights office inside the Justice Department and a Civil Rights Commission to hear testimony about abuses of voting rights. Although both acts were much weaker than subsequent civil rights legislation, they constituted the first significant civil rights acts since 1875.

Q1: Who did Eisenhower tell DC officials to integrate?
A1: school children
Q2: What was the first civil rights act proposed to Congress by Eisenhower?
A2: Civil Rights Act of 1957
Q3: In what year did Eisenhower propose his second civil rights act?
A3: 1960
Q4: What sort of commission did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 establish?
A4: Civil Rights Commission
Q5: Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office?
A5: Justice
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower was a golf enthusiast later in life, and joined the Augusta National Golf Club in 1948. He played golf frequently during and after his presidency and was unreserved in expressing his passion for the game, to the point of golfing during winter; he ordered his golf balls painted black so he could see them better against snow on the ground. He had a small, basic golf facility installed at Camp David, and became close friends with the Augusta National Chairman Clifford Roberts, inviting Roberts to stay at the White House on several occasions. Roberts, an investment broker, also handled the Eisenhower family's investments. Roberts also advised Eisenhower on tax aspects of publishing his memoirs, which proved financially lucrative.

Q1: What sport did Eisenhower notably enjoy?
A1: golf
Q2: What color were Eisenhower's winter golf balls?
A2: black
Q3: Who was the Chairman of Augusta National and friend to Eisenhower?
A3: Clifford Roberts
Q4: What was Clifford Roberts by profession?
A4: investment broker
Q5: When did Eisenhower join Augusta National?
A5: 1948
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower was the last president born in the 19th century, and at age 62, was the oldest man elected President since James Buchanan in 1856 (President Truman stood at 64 in 1948 as the incumbent president at the time of his election four years earlier). Eisenhower was the only general to serve as President in the 20th century and the most recent President to have never held elected office prior to the Presidency (The other Presidents who did not have prior elected office were Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, William Howard Taft and Herbert Hoover).

Q1: How old was Truman in 1948?
A1: 64
Q2: In what century was Eisenhower born?
A2: 19th
Q3: Who was the oldest man to become President prior to Eisenhower?
A3: James Buchanan
Q4: How many times had Eisenhower been elected to office prior to becoming president?
A4: never
Q5: What did Eisenhower have in common with presidents Taylor, Grant, Taft and Hoover?
A5: did not have prior elected office
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower's goal to create improved highways was influenced by difficulties encountered during his involvement in the U.S. Army's 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy. He was assigned as an observer for the mission, which involved sending a convoy of U.S. Army vehicles coast to coast. His subsequent experience with encountering German autobahn limited-access road systems during the concluding stages of World War II convinced him of the benefits of an Interstate Highway System. Noticing the improved ability to move logistics throughout the country, he thought an Interstate Highway System in the U.S. would not only be beneficial for military operations, but provide a measure of continued economic growth. The legislation initially stalled in the Congress over the issuance of bonds to finance the project, but the legislative effort was renewed and the law was signed by Eisenhower in June 1956.

Q1: What event led Eisenhower to want to improve highways in the US?
A1: the U.S. Army's 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy
Q2: What German transportation project influenced Eisenhower on highways?
A2: autobahn
Q3: When did Eisenhower sign the law to create the Interstate Highway System?
A3: June 1956
Q4: Along with military benefits, what did Eisenhower see as the benefit of the highway project?
A4: economic growth
Q5: Why did Congress hold up the highway bill?
A5: issuance of bonds to finance the project
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for conventional military forces. He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala. Eisenhower refused to give major aid to help France in Vietnam. He gave strong financial support to the new nation of South Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the isolation of the People's Republic of China.

Q1: Along with reducing the federal deficit, what was Eisenhower's main policy priority as president?
A1: keep pressure on the Soviet Union
Q2: What did Eisenhower threaten to use to end the Korean War?
A2: nuclear weapons
Q3: Along with Guatemala, what country's government did Eisenhower order overthrown?
A3: Iran
Q4: What country did Eisenhower neglect to assist in their military action in Vietnam?
A4: France
Q5: In what year was the Formosa Resolution passed?
A5: 1955
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower's stint as the president of Columbia University was punctuated by his activity within the Council on Foreign Relations, a study group he led as president concerning the political and military implications of the Marshall Plan, and The American Assembly, Eisenhower's "vision of a great cultural center where business, professional and governmental leaders could meet from time to time to discuss and reach conclusions concerning problems of a social and political nature". His biographer Blanche Wiesen Cook suggested that this period served as "the political education of General Eisenhower", since he had to prioritize wide-ranging educational, administrative, and financial demands for the university. Through his involvement in the Council on Foreign Relations, he also gained exposure to economic analysis, which would become the bedrock of his understanding in economic policy. "Whatever General Eisenhower knows about economics, he has learned at the study group meetings," one Aid to Europe member claimed.

Q1: While Eisenhower was president of Columbia, what group did he also work with?
A1: Council on Foreign Relations
Q2: What was Blanche Wiesen Cook in relation to Eisenhower?
A2: biographer
Q3: Along with business and government, what leaders did Eisenhower see meeting at the Council on Foreign Relations?
A3: professional
Q4: What sort of analysis did Eisenhower first experience with the Council on Foreign Relations?
A4: economic
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Eisenhower, as well as the officers and troops under him, had learned valuable lessons in their previous operations, and their skills had all strengthened in preparation for the next most difficult campaign against the Germans—a beach landing assault. His first struggles, however, were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with De Gaulle to use French resistance forces in covert and sabotage operations against the Germans in advance of Overlord. Admiral Ernest J. King fought with Eisenhower over King's refusal to provide additional landing craft from the Pacific. He also insisted that the British give him exclusive command over all strategic air forces to facilitate Overlord, to the point of threatening to resign unless Churchill relented, as he did. Eisenhower then designed a bombing plan in France in advance of Overlord and argued with Churchill over the latter's concern with civilian casualties; de Gaulle interjected that the casualties were justified in shedding the yoke of the Germans, and Eisenhower prevailed. He also had to skillfully manage to retain the services of the often unruly George S. Patton, by severely reprimanding him when Patton earlier had slapped a subordinate, and then when Patton gave a speech in which he made improper comments about postwar policy.

Q1: Who refused to provide Eisenhower with landing craft?
A1: Ernest J. King
Q2: What concern did Churchill have in regard to Eisenhower's pre-invasion bombing plan?
A2: civilian casualties
Q3: What did Patton do that first caused Eisenhower to reprimand him?
A3: slapped a subordinate
Q4: What were the French resistance to be used for in advance of the invasion of France?
A4: covert and sabotage operations
Q5: Who was the leader of French forces in this period?
A5: de Gaulle
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Also called voter fraud, the mechanisms involved include illegal voter registration, intimidation at polls, and improper vote counting.

Q1: Illegal interference with an election is called what?
A1: Electoral fraud
Q2: Another term for electoral fraud is what?
A2: voter fraud
Q3: Illegal voter registration, the miscounting of votes, and what at polls is considered voter fraud?
A3: intimidation