LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970. All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees; in this way they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.

Q1: How did Gaddafi staff the RCC members?
A1: All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees;
Q2: Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members?
A2: they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.
Q3: Whose face was most closely associated with Libya's new government?
A3: Gaddafi
Q4: Did everyone endorse Gaddafi?
A4: some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses
Q5: On what date were the members of the RCC announced?
A5: 10 January 1970
Q6: How many members of the RCC had graduated from university?
A6: none
Q7: What was the general age group of the members of the RCC?
A7: young
Q8: What was the sex of all the members of the RCC?
A8: men
Q9: Along with the working class, what was the class background of RCC members?
A9: middle
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans after the invasion of 43 AD. This lasted only until around 61, when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it, burning it to the ground. The next, heavily planned, incarnation of Londinium prospered, and it superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000.

Q1: Who was the leader of the Iceni tribe?
A1: Queen Boudica
Q2: What was Roman London's population in the 2nd century?
A2: around 60,000
Q3: The Romans invaded what is now London and established its first major settlement in what year?
A3: 43 AD
Q4: What was the capital of Britannia before Londinium?
A4: Colchester
Q5: Who invaded and destroyed the first major settlement of Roman London in 61 AD?
A5: the Iceni tribe
Title: Utrecht
Topic: History

Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.

Q1: How far back does evidence of inhabitation date back
A1: inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE)
Q2:  What did the Roman emperor Claudius decide 
A2: Claudius decided the empire should not expand north.
Q3: What was built along the Rhine 
A3: To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine
Q4: How many soldiers did the fortress hold 
A4: These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers
Q5: Who settled near the fort 
A5: Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-born migrant, Sidney Myer, came to Australia in 1899 he formed the Myer retail group with his brother, Elcon Myer. In 1900, they opened the first Myer department store, in Bendigo, Victoria. Since then, the Myer retail group has grown to be Australia's largest retailer. Both, Myer and David Jones, are up-market chains, offering a wide variety of products from mid-range names to luxury brands. Other retail chain stores such as Target (unrelated to the American chain of the same name), Venture (now defunct), Kmart and Big W, also located nationally, are considered to be Australia's discount department stores. Harris Scarfe, though only operating in four states and one territory, is a department store using both the large full-line and small discount department store formats. Most department stores in Australia have their own credit card companies, each having their own benefits while the discount department stores do not have their own credit card rights.

Q1: What were some of the original Australian department stores? 
A1: Grace Bros. and Waltons
Q2: When did Sydney Myer come to Australia? 
A2: 1899
Q3: Where did the Myer Retail Group open it's first store? 
A3: Bendigo, Victoria
Q4: What type of department stores are Myer and David Jones? 
A4: up-market chains
Q5: What department store brand is now out of business in Australia? 
A5: Venture
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies.

Q1: What kind of clocks did the Romans use?
A1: water clocks
Q2: What did the Romans call the third hour before sunrise?
A2: hora tertia
Q3: During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?
A3: 75
Q4: What type of religious ceremonies are still observed according to the traditional, unequal time settings?
A4: Jewish
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings.

Q1: What is stated as having a negative effect on Frédéric's health during this productive time?
A1: bad weather
Q2: What culture of French people did Sand sell the piano to?
A2: Canuts
Q3: What city did the group travel to in order to help Frédéric recover?
A3: Marseilles
Q4: Where was Sand's estate located where they stayed for the summers until 1846?
A4: Nohant
Q5: Where did Frédéric and Sand move to in 1842 in buildings next to each other?
A5: Square d'Orléans
Q6: Who did Sand sell Chopin's piano to?
A6: the Canuts
Q7: Where did the group travel to after Barcelona?
A7: Marseilles
Q8: Where was Sand's home?
A8: Nohant
Q9: After returning to Paris where was Chopin's apartment?
A9: 5 rue Tronchet
Q10: In 1842 where did Chopin and Sand move?
A10: Square d'Orléans
Q11: What had a negative effect on Chopin's health?
A11: the bad weather
Q12: Who did Sand sell the piano to?
A12: the Canuts.
Q13: Where did they travel after leaving Barcelona?
A13: Marseilles
Q14: Where did Chopin and Sand move to in 1842?
A14: Square d'Orléans
Q15: Where did they spend most summers until 1846?
A15: Nohant
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

Although unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize the sensation of pain but suffer little, or not at all. Indifference to pain can also rarely be present from birth; these people have normal nerves on medical investigations, and find pain unpleasant, but do not avoid repetition of the pain stimulus.

Q1: IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part?
A1: unpleasantness
Q2: What is it possible to induce which is, contrary to expectations, devoid of unpleasantness?
A2: a state described as intense pain
Q3: Which type of injection has caused patients to report they have pain but aren't bothered by it?
A3: morphine
Q4: How much do some patients going through psychosurgery suffer from the sensation of pain?
A4: little, or not at all
Q5: What perspective towards pain are some people with perfectly normal nerves born with?
A5: Indifference
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Topic: Social sciences and society

Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.

Q1: What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census?
A1: Some other race
Q2: In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?
A2: 2010
Q3: There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?
A3: Some other race
Q4: In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option?
A4: the American Community Survey
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano – a prototype chosen for the town's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers. These tower forms at Yale act in counterpoint to the college's many Gothic spires and Georgian cupolas.

Q1: Who created the Gateway Arch in St. Louis?
A1: Alumnus Eero Saarinen
Q2: What airport was designed by Alumnus Eero Saarinen?
A2: Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal
Q3: What did Alumnus Eero Saarinen use for inspiration for Ingalls Rink at Yale?
A3: the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano
Q4: What counterpoints Yale's gothic towers?
A4: fortress-like stone towers
Q5: Of what nationality is Alumnus Eero Saarinen?
A5: Finnish-American
Title: Canadian_football
Topic: Sports and recreation

Amateur football is governed by Football Canada. At the university level, 26 teams play in four conferences under the auspices of Canadian Interuniversity Sport; the CIS champion is awarded the Vanier Cup. Junior football is played by many after high school before joining the university ranks. There are 20 junior teams in three divisions in the Canadian Junior Football League competing for the Canadian Bowl. The Quebec Junior Football League includes teams from Ontario and Quebec who battle for the Manson Cup.

Q1: Which organization oversees amateur Canadian football?
A1: Football Canada
Q2: How many football teams compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport?
A2: 26
Q3: Which trophy goes to the Canadian Interuniversity Sport football champion?
A3: Vanier Cup
Q4: What is the name of the championship game for junior Canadian football teams?
A4: Canadian Bowl
Q5: Which provinces field teams in the Quebec Junior Football League?
A5: Ontario and Quebec
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from being crushed. Amensalism is often used to describe strongly asymmetrical competitive interactions, such as has been observed between the Spanish ibex and weevils of the genus Timarcha which feed upon the same type of shrub. Whilst the presence of the weevil has almost no influence on food availability, the presence of ibex has an enormous detrimental effect on weevil numbers, as they consume significant quantities of plant matter and incidentally ingest the weevils upon it.

Q1: What organisms is the ibex in an amensalistic relationship with?
A1: weevils
Q2: What does the Spanish ibex eat?
A2: shrub
Q3: What type of relationship is it when large animals crush small plants?
A3: Amensalism
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and antibiosis. Competition is where a larger or stronger organisms deprives a smaller or weaker one from a resource. Antibiosis occurs when one organism is damaged or killed by another through a chemical secretion. An example of competition is a sapling growing under the shadow of a mature tree. The mature tree can begin to rob the sapling of necessary sunlight and, if the mature tree is very large, it can take up rainwater and deplete soil nutrients. Throughout the process the mature tree is unaffected. Indeed, if the sapling dies, the mature tree gains nutrients from the decaying sapling. Note that these nutrients become available because of the sapling's decomposition, rather than from the living sapling, which would be a case of parasitism.[citation needed] An example of antibiosis is Juglans nigra (black walnut), secreting juglone, a substance which destroys many herbaceous plants within its root zone.

Q1: What is the name for the kind of symbiosis in which one organism is seriously harmed and there is no affect on the other?
A1: Amensalism
Q2: What kinds of amensalism are there?
A2: competition and antibiosis
Q3: When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it?
A3: competition
Q4: What does the black walnut give out that kills plants?
A4: juglone
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol became the most expensive series on broadcast networks for advertisers starting season four, and by the next season, it had broken the record in advertising rate for a regularly scheduled prime-time network series, selling over $700,000 for a 30-seconds slot, and reaching up to $1.3 million for the finale. Its ad prices reached a peak in season seven at $737,000. Estimated revenue more than doubled from $404 million in season three to $870 million in season six. While that declined from season eight onwards, it still earned significantly more than its nearest competitor, with advertising revenue topping $800 million annually the next few seasons. However, the sharp drop in ratings in season eleven also resulted in a sharp drop in advertising rate for season twelve, and the show lost its leading position as the costliest show for advertisers. By 2014, ad revenue from had fallen to $427 million where a 30-second spot went for less than $300,000.

Q1: In which season did American Idol become the costliest show for advertising on television? 
A1: season four
Q2: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot on the American Idol season four finale?
A2: $1.3 million
Q3: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in 2014? 
A3: less than $300,000
Q4: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in its seventh season? 
A4: $737,000
Q5: By what season was Idol the  highest advertising cost of all shows?
A5: four
Q6: How much did Idol earn in ad revenue alone for season 8?
A6: 800 million
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr. The show was originally hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, with Seacrest continuing on for the rest of the seasons.

Q1: What record producer was an original judge on American Idol?
A1: Randy Jackson
Q2: What comedian was an original host on American Idol? 
A2: Brian Dunkleman
Q3: What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol? 
A3: Jennifer Lopez
Q4: Who was a host on all seasons of American Idol?
A4: Ryan Seacrest
Q5: What comedian was an original host on American Idol?
A5: Brian Dunkleman
Q6: What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol?
A6: Paula Abdul
Q7: What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol?
A7: Jennifer Lopez
Q8: Which original judge was a record producer and music manager?
A8: Randy Jackson
Q9: Which original judge was a choreographer?
A9: Paula Abdul
Q10: Which original judge was a music executive?
A10: Simon Cowell
Q11: Which judge is a country music singer?
A11: Keith Urban
Q12: Which judge is a jazz singer?
A12: Harry Connick, Jr.
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night.

Q1: When did iTunes become a sponsor on American Idol? 
A1: season seven
Q2: For how many seasons did American Idol put out a compilation of hits at seasons end? 
A2: five
Q3: What company has released studio recordings from American Idol since season seven?
A3: iTunes
Q4: Idol releases both the performances as well as what for sale?
A4: the winner's coronation single
Q5: How were the recordings released for the initial five seasons?
A5: as a compilation album
Q6: Because all five were in the top ten of Billboard's charts, this made Idol what?
A6: the most successful soundtrack franchise
Q7: Who joined Idol as a sponsor in season seven?
A7: iTunes
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series is to find new solo recording artists, with the winner being determined by the viewers in America. Winners chosen by viewers through telephone, Internet, and SMS text voting were Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia Barrino, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, and Nick Fradiani.

Q1: Who is the creator of American Idol?
A1: Simon Fuller
Q2: What company produces American idol?
A2: 19 Entertainment
Q3: What year did American Idol begin airing?
A3: 2002
Q4: What British show is American Idols format based on?
A4: Pop Idol
Q5: What television network does American Idol air on?
A5: Fox
Q6: What company produces American Idol?
A6: 19 Entertainment
Q7: What British series is American Idols format based on?
A7: Pop Idol
Q8: Who created American Idol?
A8: Simon Fuller
Q9: Who produced American Idol?
A9: 19 Entertainment
Q10: When did American Idol first air on TV?
A10: June 11, 2002
Q11: What British show was American Idol based on?
A11: Pop Idol
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.

Q1: How many different countries air American Idol on television? 
A1: over 100
Q2: What network broadcasted American Idol live in Canada for thirteen seasons? 
A2: CTV
Q3: In what year did CTV stop showing live broadcasts of American Idol? 
A3: 2014
Q4: What Canadian network began airing American Idol in 2015? 
A4: Yes TV
Q5: How many nations receive the Idol broadcast?
A5: over 100
Q6: Who aired the first thirteen seasons in Canada?
A6: CTV and/or CTV Two
Q7: Who stated in August 2014 that they picked up the rights beginning in its 2015 season?
A7: Yes TV
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol premiered in June 2002 and became the surprise summer hit show of 2002. The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year. The audience steadily grew, and by finale night, the audience had averaged 23 million, with more than 40 million watching some part of that show. That episode was placed third amongst all age groups, but more importantly it led in the 18–49 demographic, the age group most valued by advertisers.

Q1: What year did American Idol being to air on television? 
A1: 2002
Q2: How many people watched the first episode of American Idol? 
A2: 9.9 million
Q3: How many people on average watched the American Idol finale in its first season? 
A3: 23 million
Q4: What season of the year did American Idol first air on television? 
A4: summer
Q5: When did American Idol premiere?
A5: June 2002
Q6: How many people watched the first episode of American Idol?
A6: 9.9 million
Q7: What was the average for viewership by finale night?
A7: 23 million
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol prominent display of its sponsors' logo and products had been noted since the early seasons. By season six, Idol showed 4,349 product placements according to Nielsen Media Research. The branded entertainment integration proved beneficial to its advertisers – promotion of AT&T text-messaging as a means to vote successfully introduced the technology into the wider culture, and Coca-Cola has seen its equity increased during the show.

Q1: What service did AT&T promote on American Idol as a way of voting? 
A1: text-messaging
Q2: How many product placements had Idol shown by season six?
A2: 4,349
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition. He then added other elements, such as telephone voting by the viewing public (which at the time was already in use in shows such as the Eurovision Song Contest), the drama of backstories and real-life soap opera unfolding in real time. The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner‍—‌the executive producer and production leader‍—‌and Simon Cowell as one of the judges, and was a big success with the viewing public.

Q1: What show in New Zealand was the inspiration for the British Series Pop Idol?
A1: Popstars
Q2: Who was the creator of British Series Pop Idol?
A2: Simon Fuller
Q3: What year did Pop Idol make its television debut?
A3: 2001
Q4: Who was a judge on the British series Pop Idol in 2001?
A4: Simon Cowell
Q5: Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001?
A5: Nigel Lythgoe
Q6: What show was Pop Idols based on?
A6: Popstars
Q7: Who saw Popstars while in Australia and wanted Britain to have the same thing?
A7: Nigel Lythgoe
Q8: In addition to back stories and drama, what did Fuller add to the show?
A8: telephone voting
Q9: When did Pop Idol premiere in Britain?
A9: 2001
Q10: Who was the executive producer of Pop Idol?
A10: Lythgoe
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition.

Q1: How many nominations has American Idol received for Outstanding Reality Competition Program?  
A1: 9
Q2: What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol? 
A2: Bruce Gower
Q3: How many total Emmy Awards has American Idol won? 
A3: 8
Q4: What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?
A4: Idol Gives Back
Q5: How many times was American Idol nominated for an Emmy?
A5: nine
Q6: What award did American Idol win for its Idol Gives Back charity work?
A6: Governor's Award in 2007
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. According to Ayittey, "In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid." Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid.

Q1: Who accused the Arab government of practicing acts of racism?
A1: George Ayittey
Q2: Who executed the apartheid?
A2: the Arab government
Q3: Who was excluded?
A3: blacks
Q4: Where were they?
A4: Sudan
Q5: What is George Ayittey's profession? 
A5: economist
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft, and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean, after a tense reentry, due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield. As the first American in orbit, Glenn became a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City, reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh. On February 23, 1962, President Kennedy escorted him in a parade at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal.

Q1: The first American to orbit around the planet was whom?
A1: John Glenn
Q2: When did John Glenn orbit the Earth?
A2: February 20, 1962
Q3: Where did John Glenn land on Earth after coming back from orbit?
A3: Atlantic Ocean
Q4: John Glenn's spaceship was named what when he orbited the Earth?
A4: Friendship 7
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

American comic books have adopted the character type for stories of their own like the mutant-villain Silver Samurai of Marvel Comics. The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance; the villain is “Clad in traditional gleaming samurai armor and wielding an energy charged katana” (Buxton, 2013). Not only does the Silver Samurai make over 350 comic book appearances, the character is playable in several video games, such as Marvel Vs. Capcom 1 and 2. In 2013, the samurai villain was depicted in James Mangold’s film The Wolverine. Ten years before the Wolverine debuted, another film helped pave the way to ensure the samurai were made known to American cinema: A film released in 2003 titled The Last Samurai, starring Tom Cruise, is inspired by the samurai way of life. In the film, Cruise’s character finds himself deeply immersed in samurai culture. The character in the film, “Nathan Algren, is a fictional contrivance to make nineteenth-century Japanese history less foreign to American viewers”.(Ravina, 2010) After being captured by a group of samurai rebels, he becomes empathetic towards the cause they fight for. Taking place during the Meiji Period, Tom Cruise plays the role of US Army Captain Nathan Algren, who travels to Japan to train a rookie army in fighting off samurai rebel groups. Becoming a product of his environment, Algren joins the samurai clan in an attempt to rescue a captured samurai leader. “By the end of the film, he has clearly taken on many of the samurai traits, such as zen-like mastery of the sword, and a budding understanding of spirituality”. (Manion, 2006)

Q1: In what company's comics did Silver Samurai appear?
A1: Marvel
Q2: What is Silver Samurai's weapon?
A2: an energy charged katana
Q3: How many comic books has Silver Samurai appeared in?
A3: over 350
Q4: Who starred in The Last Samurai?
A4: Tom Cruise
Q5: Who did Tom Cruise play in The Last Samurai?
A5: US Army Captain Nathan Algren
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons.

Q1: Which outlet did comic supplements find success in?
A1: New York World
Q2: Which strip had a good deal of success as a comic strip?
A2: Outcault's The Yellow Kid
Title: Space_Race
Topic: History

American concerns that they had fallen behind the Soviet Union in the race to space led quickly to a push by legislators and educators for greater emphasis on mathematics and the physical sciences in American schools. The United States' National Defense Education Act of 1958 increased funding for these goals from childhood education through the post-graduate level.

Q1: The United States' National Defense Education Act was established in what year?
A1: 1958
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence of strong political institutions under his rule. Historian Abd al-Azim Ramadan wrote that Nasser was an irrational and irresponsible leader, blaming his inclination to solitary decision-making for Egypt's losses during the Suez War, among other events. Miles Copeland, Jr. , once described as Nasser's closest Western adviser, said that the barriers between Nasser and the outside world have grown so thick that all but the information that attest to his infallibility, indispensability, and immortality has been filtered out.

Q1: What did Nasser's political style render unnecessary?
A1: intermediaries
Q2: What was needed under Nasser, the absence of which guaranteed instability?
A2: strong political institutions
Q3: Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader?
A3: Abd al-Azim Ramadan
Q4: Who was Nasser's closest Western advisor?
A4: Miles Copeland, Jr
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons, who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore "functional". This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justification for inequalities present in the status quo. In reaction, conflict theory was developed, which was based in part on the philosophies of Karl Marx. Conflict theorists saw society as an arena in which different groups compete for control over resources. Symbolic interactionism also came to be regarded as central to sociological thinking. Erving Goffman saw social interactions as a stage performance, with individuals preparing "backstage" and attempting to control their audience through impression management. While these theories are currently prominent in sociological thought, other approaches exist, including feminist theory, post-structuralism, rational choice theory, and postmodernism.

Q1: Who was the major proponent of American sociology?
A1: Talcott Parsons
Q2: What did Parsons believe made a functional society?
A2: structural integration
Q3: What was the problem with the views of Parsons?
A3: inequalities present in the status quo
Q4: What idea from Karl Marx was used to combat the problems with structural integration?
A4: conflict theory
Q5: What is the main belief of conflict theory?
A5: different groups compete for control over resources
Title: Florida
Topic: Geography and places

Americans of English descent and Americans of Scots-Irish descent began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of Georgia and South Carolina. Though technically not allowed by the Spanish authorities, the Spanish were never able to effectively police the border region and the backwoods settlers from the United States would continue to migrate into Florida unchecked. These migrants, mixing with the already present British settlers who had remained in Florida since the British period, would be the progenitors of the population known as Florida Crackers.

Q1: Where did English and Scotch Irish descent move to Florida from 
A1: English descent and Americans of Scots-Irish descent began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of Georgia and South Carolina
Q2: Backwoods settlers of Northern Florida are known as 
A2: Florida Crackers
Q3: Were the Spanish able to police the backwoods settlements 
A3: Spanish were never able to effectively police the border region and the backwoods settlers
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. As slavery became a racial caste, those who were enslaved and others of any African ancestry were classified by what is termed "hypodescent" according to the lower status ethnic group. Many of majority European ancestry and appearance "married white" and assimilated into white society for its social and economic advantages, such as generations of families identified as Melungeons, now generally classified as white but demonstrated genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry.

Q1: Americans with African ancestry have always been classified as what race?
A1: black (historically) or African American
Q2: What were slaves and others of African ancestry classified by what term?
A2: hypodescent
Q3: Melungeons are generally classified as white but what are they genetically what other races?
A3: European and sub-Saharan African ancestry
Q4: What did many with European ancetry "marry white" and want to be part of the white society?
A4: for its social and economic advantages
Q5: Which Americans have been historically classified as African American or black?
A5: Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry
Q6: What caused lower classification status for African Americans?
A6: slavery became a racial caste
Q7: How did many multiracial Americans attain social and economic advantages?
A7: Many of majority European ancestry and appearance "married white" and assimilated into white society
Q8: What is the group called who are genetically sub Saharan and European but are classified as white?
A8: Melungeons,
Q9: What are some historical reasons multiracial Americans have been classified as black?
A9: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation
Q10: What is Melungeon?
A10: genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry.
Q11: What does it mean to have "marred white"?
A11: assimilated into white society
Q12: What were slaves and Africans classified by?
A12: hypodescent
Q13: What were those with Sub-Saharan African ancestory classified as?
A13: black (historically) or African American
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

Amid preparations for the coronation, Princess Margaret informed her sister that she wished to marry Peter Townsend, a divorcé‚ 16 years Margaret's senior, with two sons from his previous marriage. The Queen asked them to wait for a year; in the words of Martin Charteris, "the Queen was naturally sympathetic towards the Princess, but I think she thought—she hoped—given time, the affair would peter out." Senior politicians were against the match and the Church of England did not permit remarriage after divorce. If Margaret had contracted a civil marriage, she would have been expected to renounce her right of succession. Eventually, she decided to abandon her plans with Townsend. In 1960, she married Antony Armstrong-Jones, who was created Earl of Snowdon the following year. They divorced in 1978; she did not remarry.

Q1: Who did Princess Margaret want to marry?
A1: Peter Townsend
Q2: What did Queen Elizabeth ask Margaret to do instead of marring Townsend?
A2: wait for a year
Q3: What act would the Church of England not permit?
A3: remarriage after divorce
Q4: Who did Princess Margaret marry in 1960?
A4: Antony Armstrong-Jones
Q5: What title was Armstrong-Jones given?
A5: Earl of Snowdon
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

Among Christians, the Pew Research survey found that 74% were Protestant, 25% were Catholic, and 1% belonged to other Christian denominations, including a small Orthodox Christian community. In terms of Nigeria's major ethnic groups, the Hausa ethnic group (predominant in the north) was found to be 95% Muslim and 5% Christian, the Yoruba tribe (predominant in the west) was 55% Muslim, 35% Christian and 10% adherents of other religions, while the Igbos (predominant in the east) and the Ijaw (south) were 98% Christian, with 2% practising traditional religions. The middle belt of Nigeria contains the largest number of minority ethnic groups in Nigeria, who were found to be mostly Christians and members of traditional religions, with a small proportion of Muslims.

Q1: How many Nigerian Christians are Protestant?
A1: 74%
Q2: How many Nigerian Christians are Catholic?
A2: 25%
Q3: How many Nigerian Christians are Orthodox and other sects?
A3: 1%
Q4: Which Nigerian tribe is 95% Muslim?
A4: Hausa
Q5: Which Eastern Nigerian tribe is 98% Christian?
A5: Igbos
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Among Ike's objectives in not directly confronting McCarthy was to prevent McCarthy from dragging the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) into McCarthy's witch hunt for communists, which would interfere with, and perhaps delay, the AEC's important work on H-bombs. The administration had discovered through its own investigations that one of the leading scientists on the AEC, J. Robert Oppenheimer, had urged that the H-bomb work be delayed. Eisenhower removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance, though he knew this would create fertile ground for McCarthy.

Q1: What organization did Eisenhower want to keep from being one of McCarthy's targets?
A1: Atomic Energy Commission
Q2: What was the AEC working on at this time?
A2: H-bombs
Q3: What AEC scientists counseled delaying the development of the hydrogen bomb?
A3: J. Robert Oppenheimer
Q4: What did Eisenhower do to Oppenheimer after he said that the hydrogen bomb should be delayed?
A4: removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Among Peirce's major contributions was to place inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning in a complementary rather than competitive mode, the latter of which had been the primary trend among the educated since David Hume wrote a century before. To this, Peirce added the concept of abductive reasoning. The combined three forms of reasoning serve as a primary conceptual foundation for the empirically based scientific method today. Peirce's approach "presupposes that (1) the objects of knowledge are real things, (2) the characters (properties) of real things do not depend on our perceptions of them, and (3) everyone who has sufficient experience of real things will agree on the truth about them. According to Peirce's doctrine of fallibilism, the conclusions of science are always tentative. The rationality of the scientific method does not depend on the certainty of its conclusions, but on its self-corrective character: by continued application of the method science can detect and correct its own mistakes, and thus eventually lead to the discovery of truth".

Q1: How long before Peirce did Hume write?
A1: a century
Q2: How did Peirce view inductive vs deductive reasoning?
A2: complementary
Q3: How did Hume view inductive vs deductive reasoning?
A3: competitive
Q4: What did fallibilism say?
A4: the conclusions of science are always tentative
Q5: What does the scientific method's rationality depend on?
A5: its self-corrective character
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Among Richmond's most interesting architectural features is its Cast-iron architecture. Second only to New Orleans in its concentration of cast iron work, the city is home to a unique collection of cast iron porches, balconies, fences, and finials. Richmond's position as a center of iron production helped to fuel its popularity within the city. At the height of production in the 1890, 25 foundries operated in the city employing nearly 3,500 metal workers. This number is seven times the number of general construction workers being employed in Richmond at the time which illustrates the importance of its iron exports. Porches and fences in urban neighborhoods such as Jackson Ward, Church Hill, and Monroe Ward are particularly elaborate, often featuring ornate iron casts never replicated outside of Richmond. In some cases cast were made for a single residential or commercial application.

Q1: What United States city has the most cast iron architecture?
A1: New Orleans
Q2: In what year did iron production in Richmond peak?
A2: 1890
Q3: How many more iron workers than construction workers were being employed in Richmond in 1890?
A3: seven times
Q4: Along with Jackson and Monroe Wards, what neighborhood notably features cast-iron fences?
A4: Church Hill
Title: Seattle
Topic: History

Among Seattle's prominent annual fairs and festivals are the 24-day Seattle International Film Festival, Northwest Folklife over the Memorial Day weekend, numerous Seafair events throughout July and August (ranging from a Bon Odori celebration to the Seafair Cup hydroplane races), the Bite of Seattle, one of the largest Gay Pride festivals in the United States, and the art and music festival Bumbershoot, which programs music as well as other art and entertainment over the Labor Day weekend. All are typically attended by 100,000 people annually, as are the Seattle Hempfest and two separate Independence Day celebrations.

Q1: What Seattle fair lasts 24 days?
A1: Seattle International Film Festival
Q2: What is Seattle's gay pride parade called?
A2: Bite of Seattle
Q3: How many Independence Day celebrations does Seattle have yearly?
A3: two
Q4: When are Seafair events held in Seattle?
A4: July and August
Q5: What is the focus of the Bumbershoot festival?
A5: art and music
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

Among all 17 railway stations in Nanjing, passenger rail service is mainly provided by Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station, while other stations like Nanjing West Railway Station, Zhonghuamen Railway Station and Xianlin Railway Station serve minor roles. Nanjing Railway Station was first built in 1968. In 1999, On November 12, 1999, the station was burnt in a serious fire. Reconstruction of the station was finished on September 1, 2005. Nanjing South Railway Station, which is one of the 5 hub stations on Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, has officially been claimed as the largest railway station in Asia and the second largest in the world in terms of GFA (Gross Floor Area). Construction of Nanjing South Station began on 10 January 2008. The station was opened for public service in 2011.

Q1: How many railway stations are there in Nanjing?
A1: 17
Q2: Which are the two most prominent railway stations?
A2: Nanjing Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station
Q3: When was the Nanjing Railway Station originally constructed?
A3: 1968
Q4: In what year was the Nanjing Railway Station re-built?
A4: 2005
Q5: Which station is one of the 5 hub stations on the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway line?
A5: Nanjing South Railway Station
Title: Cyprus
Topic: Geography and places

Among all cities in the Mediterranean part of the European Union, Limassol has one of the warmest winters, in the period January – February average temperature is 17–18 °C (63–64 °F) during the day and 7–8 °C (45–46 °F) at night, in other coastal locations in Cyprus is generally 16–17 °C (61–63 °F) during the day and 6–8 °C (43–46 °F) at night. During March, Limassol has average temperatures of 19–20 °C (66–68 °F) during the day and 9–11 °C (48–52 °F) at night, in other coastal locations in Cyprus is generally 17–19 °C (63–66 °F) during the day and 8–10 °C (46–50 °F) at night.

Q1: Which cities has one of the warmest winters in the European Union?
A1: Limassol
Q2: What is the average day emperature of Limassol during winter?
A2: 17–18 °C (63–64 °F)
Q3: What is the general temperature of coastal location during the night?
A3: 6–8 °C (43–46 °F)