LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

In 1797, Patrick Colquhoun was able to persuade the West Indies merchants who operated at the Pool of London on the River Thames, to establish a police force at the docks to prevent rampant theft that was causing annual estimated losses of £500,000 worth of cargo. The idea of a police, as it then existed in France, was considered as a potentially undesirable foreign import. In building the case for the police in the face of England's firm anti-police sentiment, Colquhoun framed the political rationale on economic indicators to show that a police dedicated to crime prevention was "perfectly congenial to the principle of the British constitution." Moreover, he went so far as to praise the French system, which had reached "the greatest degree of perfection" in his estimation.

Q1: Who convinced the West Indies merchants in London to establish police?
A1: Patrick Colquhoun
Q2: When did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?
A2: 1797
Q3: Where did the West Indies merchants in London create a police force?
A3: docks
Q4: How much cargo had been being stolen from West Indies merchants in London each year?
A4: £500,000
Q5: How did Colquhoun praise the French police?
A5: "the greatest degree of perfection"
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen joined France and Valtellina valley, the Cisalpine Republic, separating from Switzerland. The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. It had been imposed by a foreign invading army and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. The fierce French suppression of the Nidwalden Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation.

Q1: Who conquered Switzerland in 1798?
A1: the revolutionary French government
Q2: What did the French government impose on Switzerland in 1798, centralizing the Swiss government?
A2: a new unified constitution
Q3: What was abolished with the introduction of the unified constitution in Switzerland?
A3: the cantons
Q4: What was the name of the new regime created when the Cisalpine Republic separated from Switzerland?
A4: Helvetic Republic
Q5: Which unpopular republic destroyed centuries of Swiss traditions?
A5: Helvetic
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work. As a result, Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act, provided that each private lodge's Secretary placed with the local "Clerk of the Peace" a list of the members of his lodge once a year. This continued until 1967 when the obligation of the provision was rescinded by Parliament.

Q1: What put English Freemasonry at risk?
A1: Parliamentary proclamation
Q2: What did the Unlawful Socities Act ban?
A2: meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation
Q3: When was the Unlawful Socities Act implemented?
A3: 1799
Q4: What was each private lodge required to provide to the Clerk of Peace every year?
A4: a list of the members of his lodge
Q5: Who did the Grand Masters call upon to explain that Freemasonry was not an unlawful society?
A5: Prime Minister William Pitt
Q6: English Freemasonry almost came to a halt in what year?
A6: 1799
Q7: Why did English Freemasonry almost come to a halt in 1799?
A7: Parliamentary proclamation
Q8: What act was made in 1799 banning any meeting of groups that had to take an oath or obligation?
A8: the Unlawful Societies Act 1799
Q9: Who gave the Freemasons an exemption of the Act of 1799?
A9: Prime Minister William Pitt
Q10: What year did parliament rescind the exemption of 1799 given to the Freemasons?
A10: 1967
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

In 1803, an Act of Parliament, promoted by the East India Company, established the East India Dock Company, with the aim of establishing a new set of docks (the East India Docks) primarily for the use of ships trading with India. The existing Brunswick Dock, part of the Blackwall Yard site, became the Export Dock; while a new Import Dock was built to the north. In 1838 the East India Dock Company merged with the West India Dock Company. The docks were taken over by the Port of London Authority in 1909, and closed in 1967.

Q1: in 1803 was act of parliament supported by  EIC? 
A1: promoted by the East India Company
Q2: the 1803 act created what dock program?
A2: East India Dock Company
Q3: The goal of the East in dock company was  first what?
A3: aim of establishing a new set of docks (the East India Docks) primarily for the use of ships trading with India
Q4: What was the name of the export dock of the EIC after the 1803 act?
A4: Brunswick Dock
Q5: in 1838 what company did the  East india dock company merge with? 
A5: West India Dock Company
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

In 1807, Thomas Young was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva, in its modern sense. Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described "kinetic energy" in 1829 in its modern sense, and in 1853, William Rankine coined the term "potential energy". The law of conservation of energy was also first postulated in the early 19th century, and applies to any isolated system. It was argued for some years whether heat was a physical substance, dubbed the caloric, or merely a physical quantity, such as momentum. In 1845 James Prescott Joule discovered the link between mechanical work and the generation of heat.

Q1: Who was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva?
A1: Thomas Young
Q2: When did Thomas Young use the term "energy" instead of vis viva?
A2: 1807
Q3: Who coined the term "potential energy?"
A3: William Rankine
Q4: Who discovered the link between mechanical work and the generation of heat?
A4: James Prescott Joule
Q5: When was the law of conservation of energy first postulated?
A5: 19th century
Title: Humanism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word "humanism" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained universal acceptance in 1856, when German historian and philologist Georg Voigt used humanism to describe Renaissance humanism, the movement that flourished in the Italian Renaissance to revive classical learning, a use which won wide acceptance among historians in many nations, especially Italy.

Q1:  In what year did the term humanism gain yet another layer of meaning?
A1: 1808
Q2: Who can be credited with assisting the word humanism with finding a home in the English language?
A2: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer
Q3: Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?
A3: Georg Voigt
Q4: What nation was highly receptive to the new definition of this concept?
A4: Italy
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

In 1808, Napoleon and Czar Alexander met at the Congress of Erfurt to preserve the Russo-French alliance. The leaders had a friendly personal relationship after their first meeting at Tilsit in 1807. By 1811, however, tensions had increased and Alexander was under pressure from the Russian nobility to break off the alliance. A major strain on the relationship between the two nations became the regular violations of the Continental System by the Russians, which led Napoleon to threaten Alexander with serious consequences if he formed an alliance with Britain.

Q1: What meeting did Napoleon and Czar Alexander participate in in 1808?
A1: the Congress of Erfurt
Q2: In what year did the Congress of Erfurt take place?
A2: 1808
Q3:  Where did Napoleon and Czar Alexander first meet?
A3: Tilsit
Q4: In what year did Napoleon and Czar Alexander first meet?
A4: 1807
Q5: Violations of what Napoleonic policy by Russia led to tensions between Russia and France?
A5: the Continental System
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

In 1814, a secret organization called the Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends) was founded with the aim of liberating Greece. The Filiki Eteria planned to launch revolution in the Peloponnese, the Danubian Principalities and Constantinople. The first of these revolts began on 6 March 1821 in the Danubian Principalities under the leadership of Alexandros Ypsilantis, but it was soon put down by the Ottomans. The events in the north spurred the Greeks of the Peloponnese into action and on 17 March 1821 the Maniots declared war on the Ottomans.

Q1: In which year did the Society of Friends begin?
A1: 1814
Q2: The Society of Friends goal was what?
A2: liberating Greece
Q3: The Society of Friends was also known by what name?
A3: Filiki Eteria
Q4: The first of several revolutions began when?
A4: 6 March 1821
Q5: War was started with the Ottomans when?
A5: 17 March 1821
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

In 1815, the British government selected Saint Helena as the place of detention of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was taken to the island in October 1815. Napoleon stayed at the Briars pavilion on the grounds of the Balcombe family's home until his permanent residence, Longwood House, was completed in December 1815. Napoleon died there on 5 May 1821.

Q1: The British government detained who in Saint Helena?
A1: Napoleon Bonaparte
Q2: What year was Napoleon Bonaparte taken to the island?
A2: 1815
Q3: Where did Napoleon Bonaparte stay until he found permanent residence?
A3: Briars pavilion
Q4: What ended up being the permanent residence of Napoleon Bonaparte?
A4: Longwood House
Q5: What year did Napoleon Bonaparte pass away?
A5: 1821
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

In 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings. During these visits Shelley wrote the poem "Mont Blanc", Byron wrote "The Prisoner of Chillon" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scenery overwhelming, conceived the idea for the novel Frankenstein in her villa on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of a thunderstorm. When Coleridge travelled to Chamonix, he declaimed, in defiance of Shelley, who had signed himself "Atheos" in the guestbook of the Hotel de Londres near Montenvers, "Who would be, who could be an atheist in this valley of wonders". By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region.

Q1: Percy and Mary Shelley were inspired by what region's scenery?
A1: Geneva
Q2: What poem did Shelley write during the visits to Geneva?
A2: Mont Blanc
Q3: When did scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the Alpine region?
A3: the mid-19th century
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

In 1816, François Magendie discovered that dogs fed only carbohydrates (sugar), fat (olive oil), and water died evidently of starvation, but dogs also fed protein survived, identifying protein as an essential dietary component. William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates, fat, and protein. During the 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Justus von Liebig quarrelled over their shared belief that animals get their protein directly from plants (animal and plant protein are the same and that humans do not create organic compounds). With a reputation as the leading organic chemist of his day but with no credentials in animal physiology, Liebig grew rich making food extracts like beef bouillon and infant formula that were later found to be of questionable nutritious value. In the 1860s, Claude Bernard discovered that body fat can be synthesized from carbohydrate and protein, showing that the energy in blood glucose can be stored as fat or as glycogen.

Q1: Which dietary component was not fed to dogs resulting in their death?
A1: protein
Q2: Who first began dividing foods into categories?
A2: William Prout
Q3: Who did Justus von Liebig argue with over the belief that animals get protein from plants?
A3: Jean-Baptiste Dumas
Q4: Which credientials did Liebig lack despite being a leading organic chemist?
A4: animal physiology
Q5: What can be synthesized using carbohydrates and proteins?
A5: body fat
Title: Tristan_da_Cunha
Topic: Geography and places

In 1816, the United Kingdom annexed the islands, ruling them from the Cape Colony in South Africa. This is reported to have primarily been a measure to ensure that the French would be unable to use the islands as a base for a rescue operation to free Napoleon Bonaparte from his prison on Saint Helena. The occupation also prevented the United States from using Tristan da Cunha as a cruiser base, as it had during the War of 1812.

Q1: in what year did the UK annex the islands?
A1: 1816
Q2: where did the UK rule the islands from?
A2: South Africa
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

In 1817 the Saxon Palace was requisitioned by Warsaw's Russian governor for military use, and the Warsaw Lyceum was reestablished in the Kazimierz Palace (today the rectorate of Warsaw University). Fryderyk and his family moved to a building, which still survives, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace. During this period, Fryderyk was sometimes invited to the Belweder Palace as playmate to the son of the ruler of Russian Poland, Grand Duke Constantine; he played the piano for the Duke and composed a march for him. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, in his dramatic eclogue, "Nasze Przebiegi" ("Our Discourses", 1818), attested to "little Chopin's" popularity.

Q1: In what year was the Saxon Palace taken by the Russian governor for use regarding the military?
A1: 1817
Q2: What establishment today contains what was known as the Warsaw Lyceum during that time?
A2: Warsaw University
Q3: What building was Frédéric's new home adjacent to?
A3: Kazimierz Palace
Q4: What palace was Frédéric sometimes invited to as a companion of the ruler's son?
A4: Belweder Palace
Q5: What short poem spoke of Frédéric's popularity as a child?
A5: Nasze Przebiegi
Q6: The Saxon Palace was taken over for military use in what year?
A6: 1817
Q7: The Warsaw Lyceum was moved to where?
A7: Kazimierz Palace
Q8: As a child Chopin was invited to play with the son of whom?
A8: Grand Duke Constantine
Q9: What did Chopin create for Grand Duke Constantine?
A9: a march
Q10: In one of his works who affirmed the popularity of Chopin as a child?
A10: Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Q11: What was the place Chopin was invited to as a friend of ruler's son?
A11: Belweder Palace
Q12: What is the title and name of the ruler whose son Chopin was friends with?
A12: Grand Duke Constantine
Q13: What type of musical piece did Chopin compose for his friend's ruling father?
A13: a march
Q14: Who wrote in 1818 about the popularity of Chopin?
A14: Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

In 1820-1830’s the Ottoman Empire endured a number of strikes which challenged the existence of the country. The Greek Uprising (began in the spring of 1821) evidenced internal and military weakness of Ottoman Empire and caused severe atrocities by Ottoman military forces (see Chios massacre). The disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826 (Auspicious Incident) was a good deed for the country in the longer term, but it has deprived the country from its army forces for the nearest future. In 1827 the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet destroyed almost all the Ottoman naval forces during the Battle of Navarino. In 1830 Greece becomes an independent state after 10 years of independence war and the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. According to the Treaty of Adrianople (1829) Russian and European commercial ships were authorized to freely pass through Black Sea straits, Serbia received autonomy, and Danubian Principalities (Moldavia and Walachia) became the territories under Russian protection.

Q1: In what year did The Greek Uprising take place?
A1: 1821
Q2: Who disbanded the Janissary corps?
A2: Sultan Mahmud II
Q3: In what year was the Janissary corp disbanded?
A3: 1826
Q4: Who destroyed most of the Ottoman's naval forces during the Battle of Navarino?
A4: the allied Anglo-Franco-Russian fleet
Q5: In what year did Greece finally become an independent state?
A5: 1830
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

In 1821, Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables of the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus. Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, leading Bouvard to hypothesise that an unknown body was perturbing the orbit through gravitational interaction. In 1843, John Couch Adams began work on the orbit of Uranus using the data he had. Via Cambridge Observatory director James Challis, he requested extra data from Sir George Airy, the Astronomer Royal, who supplied it in February 1844. Adams continued to work in 1845–46 and produced several different estimates of a new planet.

Q1: What year did Alexis Bouvard publish relevant astronomical tables? 
A1: 1821
Q2: What did Alexis Bouvard study? 
A2: the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus
Q3: When did John Couch Adams begin working on the orbit of Uranus? 
A3: 1843
Q4: Who gave John Couch Adams extra data? 
A4: Sir George Airy
Q5: What did the extra data John Couch Adams received produce? 
A5: several different estimates of a new planet
Title: San_Diego
Topic: Geography and places

In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, and most of the Mission lands were sold to wealthy Californio settlers. The 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde ("municipal magistrate"), defeating Pío Pico in the vote. (See, List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego.) However, San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents. Beyond town Mexican land grants expanded the number of California ranchos that modestly added to the local economy.

Q1: Who was elected as the Mission's first municipal magistrate?
A1: Juan María Osuna
Q2: What was the name of the Mexican territory San Diego became part of in 1821?
A2: Alta California
Q3: Why did San Diego lose its pueblo status in 1838?
A3: its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents
Q4: What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill?
A4: The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned
Q5: Who was in the running for the first alcalde position, but was defeated in the election?
A5: Pío Pico
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

In 1821, Saul Solomon issued a 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each Payable at St Helena by Solomon, Dickson and Taylor – presumably London partners – that circulated alongside the East India Company's local coinage until the Crown took over the island in 1836. The coin remains readily available to collectors.

Q1: How many copper tokens were Issued in 1821?
A1: 70,560
Q2: Who issued the copper tokens in 1821?
A2: Saul Solomon
Q3: How much was each copper token worth?
A3: a halfpenny
Q4: When did the Crown take over the island?
A4: 1836
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Topic: Language and literature

In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas. A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836, the now largely "American" Texans, fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico and established the Republic of Texas. In 1846, the Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state. Per the 1850 U.S. census, fewer than 16,000 Texans were of Mexican descent, and nearly all were Spanish-speaking people (both Mexicans and non-Spanish European settlers who include German Texan) who were outnumbered (six-to-one) by English-speaking settlers (both Americans and other immigrant Europeans).[citation needed]

Q1: Was Texas a part of Mexico?
A1: In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas
Q2: When did the Americans come to Texas?
A2: A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836
Q3: Was there a war between the Mexicans and the Texans?
A3: Texans, fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico
Q4: When did Texas become a state?
A4: In 1846, the Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state.
Q5: Was Texas a primarily a Spanish speaking state?
A5: Per the 1850 U.S. census, fewer than 16,000 Texans were of Mexican descent, and nearly all were Spanish-speaking people
Title: Liberia
Topic: History

In 1822, the American Colonization Society began sending African-American volunteers to the Pepper Coast to establish a colony for freed African Americans. By 1867, the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 African Americans to Liberia. These free African Americans and their descendants married within their community and came to identify as Americo-Liberians. Many were of mixed race and educated in American culture; they did not identify with the indigenous natives of the tribes they encountered. They intermarried largely within the colonial community, developing an ethnic group that had a cultural tradition infused with American notions of political republicanism and Protestant Christianity.

Q1: African  Americans were sent to the pepper coast to do what?
A1: establish a colony for freed African Americans.
Q2: By 1837 the ACS had assisted in moving how many african americans to liberia?
A2: 13,000
Q3: What did African Americans who were moved to Liberia identify as? 
A3: Americo-Liberians
Q4: Who did Americo-Liberians not identify with? 
A4: indigenous natives of the tribes they encountered
Q5: What did African Americans moved to Liberia keep from America?
A5: cultural tradition
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

In 1822, the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from "the Town of Boston" to "the City of Boston", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City. At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only 4.7 square miles (12 km2).

Q1: What was the City of Boston's name before it was the City of Boston?
A1: the Town of Boston
Q2: What year was the name changes to the City of Boston?
A2: 1822
Q3: Boston was chartered as what in 1822?
A3: a city
Q4: What was the population of Boston in 1822?
A4: about 46,226
Q5: How many square miles was the city in 1822?
A5: 4.7 square miles
Title: Norfolk_Island
Topic: Geography and places

In 1824 the British government instructed the Governor of New South Wales Thomas Brisbane to occupy Norfolk Island as a place to send "the worst description of convicts". Its remoteness, previously seen as a disadvantage, was now viewed as an asset for the detention of recalcitrant male prisoners. The convicts detained have long been assumed to be a hardcore of recidivists, or 'doubly-convicted capital respites' – that is, men transported to Australia who committed fresh colonial crimes for which they were sentenced to death, and were spared the gallows on condition of life at Norfolk Island. However, a recent study has demonstrated, utilising a database of 6,458 Norfolk Island convicts, that the reality was somewhat different: more than half were detained at Norfolk Island without ever receiving a colonial conviction, and only 15% had been reprieved from a death sentence. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority of convicts sent to Norfolk Island had committed non-violent property sentences, and the average length of detention was three years.

Q1: Who instructed the Governor of New South Wales Thomas Brisbane to send the worst convicts to Norfolk Island?
A1: the British government
Q2: What previous disadvantage of Norfolk Island was seen as an advantage for holding male convicts?
A2: Its remoteness
Q3: What were the prisoners on Norfolk Island spared from on the the mainland?
A3: the gallows
Q4: How many convicts are listed in the database at Norfolk Island?
A4: 6,458
Q5: What was the average length of a prisoner's detention at Norfolk Island?
A5: three years
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

In 1827, Hungarian physicist Ányos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic coils. After Jedlik solved the technical problems of the continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices "electromagnetic self-rotors". Although they were used only for instructional purposes, in 1828 Jedlik demonstrated the first device to contain the three main components of practical DC motors: the stator, rotor and commutator. The device employed no permanent magnets, as the magnetic fields of both the stationary and revolving components were produced solely by the currents flowing through their windings.

Q1: In what year did Jedlik begin experimenting with electromagnetism?
A1: 1827
Q2: Besides the stator and the communicator, what is an element of a DC motor?
A2: rotor
Q3: What did Jedlik call his earliest devices?
A3: electromagnetic self-rotors
Q4: What discovery solved the problem of continuous rotation?
A4: commutator
Q5: What did Jedlik's improved device eliminate the need for?
A5: permanent magnets
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]

Q1: During what year did Frédéric's youngest sister, Emilia, pass away?
A1: 1827
Q2: What street did Frédéric's family move to after the death of his youngest sister?
A2: Krakowskie Przedmieście
Q3: What year did Frédéric leave Warsaw after moving with his family to the south annex of Krasiński Palace?
A3: 1830
Q4: What did the Chopin's family business become in the 20th century?
A4: a museum
Q5: Which artist created the first known portrait of Frédéric?
A5: Ambroży Mieroszewski
Q6: What year did Chopin's sister Emilia die?
A6: 1827
Q7: What year did Chopin leave Warsaw?
A7: 1830
Q8: What was the Chopin family's business?
A8: boarding house for male students
Q9: What artist painted the Chopin family?
A9: Ambroży Mieroszewski
Q10: Who in Chopin's family died shortly before they moved in 1827?
A10: sister Emilia
Q11: What year did Chopin leave Warsaw?
A11: 1830
Q12: What was the Chopin boarding house called in English?
A12: Chopin Family Parlour
Q13: What artist made portraits of the Chopin family in 1829?
A13: Ambroży Mieroszewski
Q14: Was the Chopin family boarding house for male or female students?
A14: male
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops. William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heiress presumptive. Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. She objected on the grounds of the King's disapproval, but her mother dismissed his complaints as motivated by jealousy, and forced Victoria to continue the tours. At Ramsgate in October 1835, Victoria contracted a severe fever, which Conroy initially dismissed as a childish pretence. While Victoria was ill, Conroy and the Duchess unsuccessfully badgered her to make Conroy her private secretary. As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff. Once queen, she banned him from her presence, but he remained in her mother's household.

Q1: In 1830, what part of England did Victoria travel to with Dutchess of Kent and Conroy?
A1: the centre of England
Q2: What town did Victoria visit in the center of England on her trip with the Dutchess of kent and Conroy?
A2: Malvern Hills
Q3: What years were journeys similar to the Queen trip to Melvern Hills made?
A3: 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835
Q4: Who was annoyed that Victoria was welcomed at each of her visits to central England?
A4: William
Q5: Willam was concerned that Victoria would was being portrayed as what because of her trips to central England?
A5: his rival
Q6: Who took Victoria on a trip to Malvern Hills in 1830?
A6: the Duchess of Kent and Conroy
Q7: Who was annoyed at how well recieved Victoria was on her tours of the countryside of England and Wales? 
A7: William
Q8: Where did Victoria become seriously ill during one of her trips? 
A8: Ramsgate
Q9: Who did Victoria dislike so much she banned him from her presence once she became Queen? 
A9: Conroy
Q10: What position did Conroy try and fail to get Victoria to appoint him to during her illness and later? 
A10: private secretary
Q11: Who was Victoria convinced to make her secretery when she was very ill?
A11: Conroy
Q12: How did Victoria feel about all of the trips?
A12: disliked
Q13: What annoyed the King about the way Victoria was received at her stops?
A13: enthusiastically welcomed in each
Q14: Why did the King dislike Victoria taking the trips?
A14: concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival
Q15: When she was made Queen, what did Victoria do about Conroy?
A15: banned him from her presence
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harbor "to take possession of any vessel arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempt to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody until all the requirements of law have been complied with." This federal action became known as the Charleston incident. The state's politicians worked on a compromise law in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs.

Q1: What year did South Carolina pass a law allowing them to repeal Federal Law?
A1: 1832
Q2: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston's forts?
A2: federal soldiers
Q3: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?
A3: five United States Coast Guard cutters
Q4: The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what?
A4: the Charleston incident
Q5: A compromise law from the state politicans achieved what?
A5: in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, "What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzińska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, "My tragedy". Sand, in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzymała to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzińska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.

Q1: Who was the host of the gathering where Frédéric was introduced to George Sand?
A1: Marie d'Agoult
Q2: What did Frédéric label the place in which he placed Maria and her mother's letters about the unlikely marriage?
A2: My tragedy
Q3: Who did George Sand write to when admitting having a strong affection for Frédéric?
A3: Grzymała
Q4: What is the name of the author Chopin met at a gathering put on by Marie d'Agoult?
A4: George Sand
Q5: What was a possible reason for Chopin's failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska?
A5: his poor health
Q6: What did Chopin write on the box of letters from Maria and her mother?
A6: My tragedy
Q7: Who hosted the party whre Chopin met George Sand?
A7: Marie d'Agoult
Q8: What year did Maria Wodzińska's mother tell Chopin that he likely would not marry her daughter?
A8: 1837
Q9: What did Chopin write on the package that contained letters from Maria and her mother?
A9: My tragedy
Q10: Who did Sand confide to in a letter about her feelings for Chopin in June, 1838?
A10: Grzymała
Title: Hanover
Topic: History

In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV's heir in the United Kingdom was female (Queen Victoria). Hanover could be inherited only by male heirs. Thus, Hanover passed to William IV's brother, Ernest Augustus, and remained a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by Prussia during the Austro-Prussian war. Despite being expected to defeat Prussia at the Battle of Langensalza, Prussia employed Moltke the Elder's Kesselschlacht order of battle to instead destroy the Hanoverian army. The city of Hanover became the capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover. After the annexation, the people of Hanover generally opposed the Prussian government.

Q1: What ended in the year 1837?
A1: the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover
Q2: What was the name of William IV's heir?
A2: Queen Victoria
Q3: Who did the throne of Hanover pass to instead of Queen Victoria?
A3: Ernest Augustus
Q4: What happened to the kingdom of Hanover in 1866?
A4: annexed by Prussia
Q5: In which battle was the Hanover army destroyed?
A5: Battle of Langensalza
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

In 1838 the situation was slightly the same as in 1831. Muhammad Ali of Egypt was not happy about lack of his control and power in Syria, he resumed military actions. The Ottoman army lost to Egyptians at the Battle of Nezib on June 24, 1839. The Ottoman Empire was saved by Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia by signing a convention in London in July 15, 1840 to grant Muhammad Ali and his descendants the right to inherit power in Egypt in exchange for removal of Egyptian military forces from Syria and Lebanon. Moreover, Muhammad Ali had to admit a formal dependence from the Ottoman sultan. After Muhammad Ali refused to obey the requirements of the London convention, the allied Anglo-Austrian fleet blocked the Delta, bombarded Beirut and captured Acre. Muhammad Ali accepted the conditions of the London convention in 1840.

Q1: In 1838, who was not pleased of their lack of power in Syria?
A1: Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Q2: Who did the Ottomans lose to at the Battle of Nezib?
A2: Egyptians
Q3: In what year did the Battle of Nezib take place?
A3: 1839
Q4: Who helped save the Ottomans by signing a convention in London? 
A4: Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia
Q5: In what year did Muhammad Ali  finally accept the terms of the London convention?
A5: 1840
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

In 1838 with the amount of smuggled opium entering China approaching 1,400 tons a year, the Chinese imposed a death penalty for opium smuggling and sent a Special Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to curb smuggling. This resulted in the First Opium War (1839–42). After the war Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain under the Treaty of Nanking and the Chinese market opened to the opium traders of Britain and other nations. The Jardines and Apcar and Company dominated the trade, although P&O also tried to take a share. A Second Opium War fought by Britain and France against China lasted from 1856 until 1860 and led to the Treaty of Tientsin, which legalised the importation of opium. Legalisation stimulated domestic Chinese opium production and increased the importation of opium from Turkey and Persia. This increased competition for the Chinese market led to India reducing its opium output and diversifying its exports.

Q1: in 1838 what was the sentence for smuggling opium in to China?
A1: death penalty
Q2: in 1838 about how many tone of  Opium was smuggled in to China per year?
A2: 1,400 tons
Q3: what was the title of the person people were sent to if they were  caught smuggling Opium in to China?
A3: Special Imperial Commissioner
Q4: when did the first Opium war start?
A4: 1839
Q5: Britian faught side by side with what country  in the second Opium war?
A5: France
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

In 1838, Claridge obtained patents in Scotland on 27 March, and Ireland on 23 April, and in 1851 extensions were sought for all three patents, by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. This was Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company, formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France", and "laid one of the first asphalt pavements in Whitehall". Trials were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway in Whitehall, the stable at Knightsbridge Barracks, "and subsequently on the space at the bottom of the steps leading from Waterloo Place to St. James Park". "The formation in 1838 of Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company (with a distinguished list of aristocratic patrons, and Marc and Isambard Brunel as, respectively, a trustee and consulting engineer), gave an enormous impetus to the development of a British asphalt industry". "By the end of 1838, at least two other companies, Robinson's and the Bastenne company, were in production", with asphalt being laid as paving at Brighton, Herne Bay, Canterbury, Kensington, the Strand, and a large floor area in Bunhill-row, while meantime Claridge's Whitehall paving "continue(d) in good order".

Q1: In what year did Claridge acquire patents for the use of asphalt?
A1: 1838
Q2: From what French mine did Claridge offer asphalt?
A2: Pyrimont Seysell
Q3: What did Claridge's formation of a company with distinguished backers help inspire? 
A3: British asphalt industry
Q4: In what famous place did Claridge first begin to lay and test the use of asphalt pavement?
A4: Whitehall
Q5: By 1838 how many companies beside Claridge's were offering asphalt?
A5: two
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

In 1838, there was a flurry of entrepreneurial activity involving asphalt/bitumen, which had uses beyond paving. For example, asphalt could also used for flooring, damp proofing in buildings, and for waterproofing of various types of pools and baths, with these latter themselves proliferating in the 19th century. On the London stockmarket, there were various claims as to the exclusivity of asphalt quality from France, Germany and England. And numerous patents were granted in France, with similar numbers of patent applications being denied in England due to their similarity to each other. In England, "Claridge's was the type most used in the 1840s and 50s"

Q1: In what year was asphalt used for uses aside from road paving?
A1: 1838
Q2: In what places were asphalt used as waterproofing?
A2: pools and baths
Q3: For what reason was asphalt used in the flooring of buildings?
A3: damp proofing
Q4: When was Claridge's asphalt the most often used? 
A4: 1840s and 50s
Q5: Many of what were granted in France, but denied in Britain?
A5: patents
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In 1839 Mariano Spada (1796 - 1872), professor of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas, published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria [A critical examination of the doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, regarding original sin with respect to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary], in which Aquinas is interpreted not as treating the question of the Immaculate Conception later formulated in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus but rather the sanctification of the fetus within Mary's womb. Spada furnished an interpretation whereby Pius IX was relieved of the problem of seeming to foster a doctrine not in agreement with the Aquinas' teaching. Pope Pius IX would later appoint Spada Master of the Sacred Palace in 1867.

Q1: What did a teacher of religion  from the college that was named after a Dominican friar do in 1839 of historical note ?
A1: published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria
Q2: Who was the teacher who committed the act  ?
A2: Mariano Spada
Q3: What position was the teacher later given by the Holy Roman Church ?
A3: appoint Spada Master of the Sacred Palace in 1867
Q4: Who gave the teacher the new job ?
A4: Pope Pius IX
Q5: What  problem did the teacher's publication solve for the Holy Roman leader with act that was committed  to do in response to the actions of the teacher  ?
A5: Pius IX was relieved of the problem of seeming to foster a doctrine not in agreement with the Aquinas' teaching.
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.

Q1: What did the Queen commission Sir Robert Peel to do?
A1: to form a new ministry
Q2: In what year did Melbourne resign?
A2: 1839
Q3: Which party was Sir Robert Peel a part of?
A3: Tory
Q4: What is the name of crisis where the wives of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs?
A4: bedchamber crisis
Q5: What year did Melbourne resign?
A5: 1839
Q6: Who voted against the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica?
A6: Radicals and Tories
Q7: Who did the Queen commission to form a new ministry?
A7: Sir Robert Peel
Q8: Who returned to office after Peel resigned?
A8: Melbourne
Q9: The removal of the Queens bedchamber ladies became known as what?
A9: the bedchamber crisis
Q10: Who resigned their position in 1839? 
A10: Melbourne
Q11: Why did the Radicals and Tories oppose the bill about the constitution of Jamaica?
A11: The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.
Q12: What Tory did Victoria commision after Melbourne resigned his postion? 
A12: Sir Robert Peel
Q13: After Queen Victoria refuse to replace her ladies with wives of Tories, what did Sir Robert Peel do? 
A13: resigned his commission
Q14: Who did Victoria reappoint to the position after the Bedchamber Crisis? 
A14: Melbourne
Q15: What did the Radicals and Tories do that made Melbourne resign?
A15: voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica
Q16: Which group was resisting the abolisment of slavery and were subsequently removed from power when the bill was voted down?
A16: plantation owners
Q17: Who did Robert Peel want to replace the ladies of the bedchamber with, instead of wives of Whigs?
A17: wives of Tories
Q18: Why did Peel resign his comission?
A18: Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen
Q19: Who returned to office after Peel resigned?
A19: Melbourne
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

In 1840, Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon's remains to France. On 15 December 1840, a state funeral was held. The hearse proceeded from the Arc de Triomphe down the Champs-Élysées, across the Place de la Concorde to the Esplanade des Invalides and then to the cupola in St Jérôme's Chapel, where it remained until the tomb designed by Louis Visconti was completed. In 1861, Napoleon's remains were entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus in the crypt under the dome at Les Invalides.

Q1: In what year did Louis Philippe I get permission to return Napoleon's remains to France?
A1: 1840
Q2:  On what date was a state funeral held for Napoleon?
A2: 15 December 1840
Q3: At what location did the hearse carrying Napoleon's remains begin its procession?
A3: the Arc de Triomphe
Q4:  In what building was the cupola where Napoleon's remains were first placed located?
A4: St Jérôme's Chapel
Q5: In what year was Napoleon's final tomb completed?
A5: 1861
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

In 1840, St Helena became a provisioning station for the British West Africa Squadron, preventing slavery to Brazil (mainly), and many thousands of slaves were freed on the island. These were all African, and about 500 stayed while the rest were sent on to the West Indies and Cape Town, and eventually to Sierra Leone.

Q1: In 1840 what did Saint Helena become?
A1: a provisioning station
Q2: What squadron was Saint Helena a provisioning station for?
A2: British West Africa Squadron
Q3: What country did the British West Africa Squadron prevent slaves from being sent to?
A3: Brazil
Q4: How many slaves ended up staying on the island after being freed?
A4: 500
Q5: How many slaves were freed from the island?
A5: many thousands
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

In 1840, a British naval station established to suppress the African slave trade was based on the island, and between 1840 and 1849 over 15,000 freed slaves, known as "Liberated Africans", were landed there.

Q1: Who established a naval station to cut down on African slave trade on the island in 1840?
A1: British
Q2: Between 1840 and 1849 how many freed slaves landed on the island?
A2: over 15,000
Q3: What were the freed slaves known as?
A3: Liberated Africans