LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

President Abraham Lincoln visited General Grant at Petersburg on April 3, and took a launch to Richmond the next day, while Jefferson Davis attempted to organize his Confederate government at Danville. Lincoln met Confederate assistant secretary of War John A. Campbell, and handed him a note inviting Virginia's legislature to end their rebellion. After Campbell spun the note to Confederate legislators as a possible end to the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln rescinded his offer and ordered General Weitzel to prevent the Confederate state legislature from meeting. Union forces killed, wounded or captured 8000 Confederate troops at Saylor's Creek southwest of Petersburg on April 6. General Lee continued to reject General Grant's surrender suggestion until Sheridan's infantry and cavalry appeared in front of his retreating army on April 8. He surrendered his remaining approximately 10000 troops at Appomattox Court House the following morning. Jefferson Davis retreated to North Carolina, then further south. when Lincoln rejected the surrender terms negotiated by general Sherman and envoys of North Carolina governor Zebulon Vance, which failed to mention slavery. Davis was captured on May 10 near Irwinville, Georgia and taken back to Virginia, where he was charged with treason and imprisoned for two years at Fort Monroe until freed on bail.

Q1: What was the date before the day Lincoln entered Richmond?
A1: April 3
Q2: How many soldiers did Lee have remaining when he surrendered?
A2: 10000
Q3: To what state did Davis travel after Lee surrendered?
A3: North Carolina
Q4: In what structure did Lee surrender to Grant?
A4: Appomattox Court House
Q5: How many years did Davis spend in Fort Monroe?
A5: two
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

President Benito Juárez was re-elected in the general election of 1867 in which he received strong liberal support, especially in Chihuahua. Luis Terrazas was confirmed by the people of Chihuahua to be governor of the state. But soon after the election, President Juárez had another crisis on his hands; the Juárez administration was suspected to be involved in the assassination of the military chief José María Patoni executed by General Canto in August 1868. General Canto turned himself over to Donato Guerra. Canto was sentenced to death, but later his sentence changed to 10 years imprisonment. The sense of injustice gave rise to a new rebellion in 1869 that threatened the federal government. In response, the Juárez administration took drastic measures by temporarily suspending constitutional rights, but the governor of Chihuahua did not support this action. Hostilities continued to increase especially after the election of 1871 which was perceived to be fraudulent. A new popular leader arose among the rebels, Porfirio Díaz. The federal government was successful in quelling rebellions in Durango an Chihuahua. On July 18, 1872, President Juárez died from a heart attack; soon after, many of his supporters ceased the fighting. Peace returned to Chihuahua and the new government was led by Governor Antonio Ochoa (formerly a co-owner of the Batopilas silver mines) in 1873 after Luis Terrazas finished his term in 1872.

Q1: Benito Juarez was reelected in which year?
A1: 1867
Q2: Which state gave Juarez a particularly notably strong support?
A2: Chihuahua
Q3: Who was confirmed to be the president of the state of Chihuahua?
A3: Luis Terrazas
Q4: Which general turned himself over to Donato Guerra?
A4: General Canto
Q5: Which year's election was perceived to be fraudulent?
A5: 1871
Title: United_Nations_Population_Fund
Topic: Social sciences and society

President Bush denied funding to the UNFPA. Over the course of the Bush Administration, a total of $244 million in Congressionally approved funding was blocked by the Executive Branch.

Q1: Which government official blocked funding to the UNFPA?
A1: President
Q2: What was the name of the official who blocked UNFPA funding?
A2: Bush
Q3: How much funding was blocked?
A3: $244 million
Q4: Which branch of government denied the UNFPA funding?
A4: the Executive Branch
Q5: How had the UNFPA funding been initially approved?
A5: Congressionally
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Topic: Social sciences and society

President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.

Q1: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?
A1: Mexico
Q2: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?
A2: 1935
Q3: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?
A3: Roosevelt
Q4: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?
A4: Mexican
Q5: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?
A5: white
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

President Franklin Roosevelt ordered General Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines to formulate a Pacific defence plan with Australia in March 1942. Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur who became Supreme Commander, South West Pacific. MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in March 1942 and American troops began massing in Australia. Enemy naval activity reached Sydney in late May 1942, when Japanese midget submarines launched a daring raid on Sydney Harbour. On 8 June 1942, two Japanese submarines briefly shelled Sydney's eastern suburbs and the city of Newcastle.

Q1: Who ordered General MacArthur to make a defense plan with Australia?
A1: President Franklin Roosevelt
Q2: When was General MacArthur ordered to make a defense plan with Australia?
A2: March 1942
Q3: Who was the Supreme Commander of the South West Allied forces?
A3: MacArthur
Q4: Where was MacArthur's headquarters moved to in March of 1942?
A4: Melbourne
Q5: How many Japanese submarines shelled Sydney on June 8, 1942?
A5: two
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas. Being completely caught off guard, the French imperial forces sought refuge by bunkering themselves in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi and made it almost impossible to penetrate their defenses. General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs. The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church, instantly breaking it in half; soon after, 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered. The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital. The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral. By April 1866, the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio, Texas; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces.

Q1: Juarez again based his government in which state?
A1: Chihuahua
Q2: The base served as the center for the resistance against whose invasion?
A2: the French invasion
Q3: On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued where in Chihuahua City?
A3: Plaza de Armas
Q4: Who decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs?
A4: General Terrazas
Q5: Which structure in the church became a historical monument?
A5: The bell
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

President Kennedy stated in Executive Order 10925 that "discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin is contrary to the Constitutional principles and policies of the United States"; that "it is the plain and positive obligation of the United States Government to promote and ensure equal opportunity for all qualified persons, without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin, employed or seeking employment with the Federal Government and on government contracts"; that "it is the policy of the executive branch of the Government to encourage by positive measures equal opportunity for all qualified persons within the Government"; and that "it is in the general interest and welfare of the United States to promote its economy, security, and national defense through the most efficient and effective utilization of all available manpower".

Q1: Which President declared that discrimination is contrary to the Constitutional principles of the United States?
A1: Kennedy
Q2: Which piece of legislation did President Kennedy use to claim that discrimination was a violation of the Constitution?
A2: Executive Order 10925
Q3: What were the affected industries in terms of regulation as a result of Executive Order 10925?
A3: Federal Government and on government contracts
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973 (Pub.L. 93–205). It was written by a team of lawyers and scientists, including the first appointed head of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ),an outgrowth of NEPA (The "National Environmental Policy Act of 1969") Dr. Russell E. Train. Dr. Train was assisted by a core group of staffers, including Dr. Earl Baysinger at EPA (currently Assistant Chief, Office of Endangered Species and International. Activities), Dick Gutting (U.S. Commerce Dept. lawyer, currently joined NOAA the previous year (1972), and Dr. Gerard A. "Jerry" Bertrand, a marine biologist (Ph.D, Oregon State University) by training, who had transferred from his post as the Scientific Adviser to the U.S Army Corps of Engineers, office of the Commandant of the Corp. to join the newly formed White House office. The staff, under Dr. Train's leadership, incorporated dozens of new principles and ideas into the landmark legislation; crafting a document that completely changed the direction of environmental conservation in the United States. Dr. Bertrand is credited with writing the most challenged section of the Act, the "takings" clause - Section 2.

Q1: Who led the team of lawyers and scientists who crafted the Endangered Species Act of 1973?
A1: Dr. Russell E. Train
Q2: The team leader was the first appointed head of what organization?
A2: the Council on Environmental Quality
Q3: Who wrote the most challenged section of the Act?
A3: Dr. Gerard A. "Jerry" Bertrand
Q4: Who was the core staffer to the legislation that worked for the EPA and continued to work in the Office of Endangered Species?
A4: Dr. Earl Baysinger
Q5: What Congress called for the drafting of the Endangered Species Act of 1973?
A5: the 93rd United States Congress
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A "Draft Eisenhower" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, "I Like Ike". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at Yalta and against Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong anti-communist presence as well as some youth to counter Ike's more advanced age.

Q1: Who was President of the United States prior to Eisenhower?
A1: Truman
Q2: Truman wanted Eisenhower to run for the presidency as a member of what party?
A2: Democratic
Q3: Who did the Republicans want to block with an Eisenhower candidacy in 1952?
A3: Robert A. Taft
Q4: What was Taft's political office?
A4: Senator
Q5: Who was Eisenhower's campaign manager in 1952?
A5: Henry Cabot Lodge
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead.

Q1: How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper?
A1: Pressing
Q2: What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing?
A2: felt
Q3: What is used to collect water when hand-making paper?
A3: blotter sheet
Q4: Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water?
A4: felt
Title: Diarrhea
Topic: Natural sciences

Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movement but is not recommended in those with severe disease.

Q1: What are some ways to prevent diarrhea?
A1: improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap
Q2: What else can a mom do to prevent diarrhea for her baby?
A2: Breastfeeding for at least six months
Q3: What is the treatment of choice for diarrhea?
A3: Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar
Q4: What conditions would a doctor prescribe antibiotics?
A4: cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of "possible innocence" or "disproportionality."

Q1: Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1986?
A1: Toney Anaya
Q2: Of what state was Toney Anaya governor?
A2: New Mexico
Q3: Who was Governor of Ohio in 1991?
A3: Dick Celeste
Q4: How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991?
A4: four
Q5: In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?
A5: 1979
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

Primarily starting in the mid-1960s, London became a centre for the worldwide youth culture, exemplified by the Swinging London subculture associated with the King's Road, Chelsea and Carnaby Street. The role of trendsetter was revived during the punk era. In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created. During The Troubles in Northern Ireland, London was subjected to bombing attacks by the Provisional IRA. Racial inequality was highlighted by the 1981 Brixton riot.

Q1: What was the root cause of the Brixton riot in 1981?
A1: Racial inequality
Q2: In what year was the Greater London Council formed?
A2: 1965
Q3: In what period was London a symbol of trend-setting and youth?
A3: the mid-1960s
Q4: During "The Troubles", who waged assaults via bombings on London?
A4: the Provisional IRA
Q5: Why was the Greater London Council established?
A5: the growth of the urban area
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

Primark continued to investigate the allegations for three years, concluding that BBC report was a fake. In 2011, following an investigation by the BBC Trust’s Editorial Standards Committee, the BBC announced, "Having carefully scrutinised all of the relevant evidence, the committee concluded that, on the balance of probabilities, it was more likely than not that the Bangalore footage was not authentic." BBC subsequently apologised for faking footage, and returned the television award for investigative reporting.

Q1: How many years was Primark investigated for?
A1: three years
Q2: What did they claim about the BBC report?
A2: fake
Q3: What did the BBC do?
A3: apologised for faking footage
Q4: What happened to the reward the BBC received?
A4: returned the television award
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first five to seven years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six to eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of children aged six to twelve are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools or elementary schools. Primary schools are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school.

Q1: What is another term used for Primary education?
A1: elementary
Q2: What does primary school consist of?
A2: first five to seven years of formal, structured education
Q3: What is the name of the orgination who is striving to get all the countries on the same path with primary education?
A3: UNESCO
Title: Tuberculosis
Topic: Natural sciences

Primary resistance occurs when a person becomes infected with a resistant strain of TB. A person with fully susceptible MTB may develop secondary (acquired) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment, not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately (lack of compliance), or using low-quality medication. Drug-resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries, as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid. Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs. It was first observed in 2003 in Italy, but not widely reported until 2012, and has also been found in Iran and India. Bedaquiline is tentatively supported for use in multiple drug-resistant TB.

Q1: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have?
A1: MDR-TB
Q2: What's the minimum number of second-line medication classes your TB would have to resist to make it count as "extensively drug-resistant"?
A2: three
Q3: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis?
A3: Italy
Q4: What's the only antibiotic that might be effective against totally drug-resistant TB?
A4: Bedaquiline
Q5: Cases of totally drug-resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India?
A5: Iran
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the sex organs. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis. At the time that the penis develops, the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland also enlarge and develop. The first ejaculation of seminal fluid generally occurs about one year after the beginning of accelerated penis growth, although this is often determined culturally rather than biologically, since for many boys first ejaculation occurs as a result of masturbation. Boys are generally fertile before they have an adult appearance.

Q1: What activity often results in a boy's first ejaculation?
A1: masturbation
Q2: What are primary sex characteristics?
A2: those directly related to the sex organs
Q3: What does the first stage of puberty involve for males?
A3: growth of the testes and scrotum
Q4: After growth of the testes and scrotum, while male body part experiences growth next?
A4: penis
Q5: Which male body parts enlarge and develop at the same time as the penis?
A5: seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral gland
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito met with the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945, two days after his release from imprisonment. The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church. Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September, 1945. The following year Stepinac was arrested and put on trial. In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Ustaše terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism. Stepinac received preferential treatment in recognition of his status and the sentence was soon shortened and reduced to house-arrest, with the option of emigration open to the archbishop. At the conclusion of the "Informbiro period", reforms rendered Yugoslavia considerably more religiously liberal than the Eastern Bloc states.

Q1: Who was the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?
A1: Aloysius Stepinac
Q2: How long after his release from imprisonment did TIto attend the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?
A2: two days
Q3: What topic was a sticking point at the Bishops' Conference?
A3: Catholic Church
Q4: Under whose leadership did the bishops' conference release a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes?
A4: Stepinac
Q5: What was Stepinac's sentence shortened to?
A5: house-arrest
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston. When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons. In 1784, these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England (GLE) and formed African Lodge, Number 459. When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812. Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto "Grand Lodge" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa). As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry, Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state.

Q1: Why was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?
A1: refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans
Q2: When was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?
A2: 1775
Q3: What happened when the UGLE was formed in 1813?
A3: U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls
Q4: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE?
A4: African Lodge, Number 1
Q5: What was Africian Lodge, Number 1 considered after they changed from Africian Lodge, Number 459?
A5: became a de facto "Grand Lodge"
Q6: What exists today because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African Americans?
A6: Prince Hall Freemasonry
Q7: In what year was Prince Hall admitted into the British military lodge?
A7: 1775
Q8: When was the African Lodge, number 459, formed?
A8: 1784
Q9: When was the UGLE formed?
A9: 1813
Q10: The African Lodge re-titled itself what?
A10: the African Lodge, Number 1
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

Prince Louis intended to land in the south of England in May 1216, and John assembled a naval force to intercept him. Unfortunately for John, his fleet was dispersed by bad storms and Louis landed unopposed in Kent. John hesitated and decided not to attack Louis immediately, either due to the risks of open battle or over concerns about the loyalty of his own men. Louis and the rebel barons advanced west and John retreated, spending the summer reorganising his defences across the rest of the kingdom. John saw several of his military household desert to the rebels, including his half-brother, William Longespée. By the end of the summer the rebels had regained the south-east of England and parts of the north.

Q1: When did Prince Louis int to land in the south of England?
A1: May 1216
Q2: Why did John hesitate to attack Louis?
A2: due to the risks of open battle
Q3: When did the rebels regain the south-east of England?
A3: end of the summer
Title: Dominican_Order
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Prior Diego saw immediately one of the paramount reasons for the spread of the unorthodox movement: the representatives of the Holy Church acted and moved with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony. On the other hand, the Cathars lived in a state of self-sacrifice that was widely appealing. For these reasons, Prior Diego suggested that the papal legates begin to live a reformed apostolic life. The legates agreed to change if they could find a strong leader. The prior took up the challenge, and he and Dominic dedicated themselves to the conversion of the Albigensians. Despite this particular mission, in winning the Albigensians over by persuasion Dominic met limited success, "for though in his ten years of preaching a large number of converts were made, it has to be said that the results were not such as had been hoped for."

Q1: How did Prior Diego think the members of the Holy Church acted?
A1: with an offensive amount of pomp and ceremony
Q2: Who did Prior Diego admire more than the Holy Church?
A2: the Cathars
Q3: How did the Cathars live?
A3: in a state of self-sacrifice
Q4: In order to change to a better way of life, what did the legates request of Diego?
A4: a strong leader
Q5: Who did Diego and Dominic try to convert?
A5: the Albigensians
Title: The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess
Topic: Video games

Prior Zelda games have employed a theme of two separate, yet connected, worlds. In A Link to the Past, Link travels between a "Light World" and a "Dark World"; in Ocarina of Time, as well as in Oracle of Ages, Link travels between two different time periods. The Zelda team sought to reuse this motif in the series' latest installment. It was suggested that Link transform into a wolf, much like he metamorphoses into a rabbit in the Dark World of A Link to the Past.[m] The story of the game was created by Aonuma, and later underwent several changes by scenario writers Mitsuhiro Takano and Aya Kyogoku. Takano created the script for the story scenes, while Kyogoku and Takayuki Ikkaku handled the actual in-game script. Aonuma left his team working on the new idea while he directed The Minish Cap for the Game Boy Advance. When he returned, he found the Twilight Princess team struggling. Emphasis on the parallel worlds and the wolf transformation had made Link's character unbelievable. Aonuma also felt the gameplay lacked the caliber of innovation found in Phantom Hourglass, which was being developed with touch controls for the Nintendo DS. At the same time, the Wii was under development with the code name "Revolution". Miyamoto thought that the Revolution's pointing device, the Wii Remote, was well suited for aiming arrows in Zelda, and suggested that Aonuma consider using it.[n]

Q1: What does Link morph into in A Link to the Past?
A1: rabbit
Q2: Aonuma left the Twilight Princess development team to work on which other game?
A2: The Minish Cap
Q3: What was the working name for the Wii prior to release?
A3: Revolution
Q4: Who proposed that the Wii Remote be used in the control scheme for Twilight Princess?
A4: Miyamoto
Q5: Who created the script for the story scenes?
A5: Mitsuhiro Takano
Q6: What device seemed well-suited for Link's arrow shooting ability?
A6: Wii Remote
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

Prior to 1871, the government of the United States regularly entered into treaties with Native Americans but the Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871 (ch. 120, 16 Stat. 563) had a rider (25 U.S.C. § 71) attached that effectively ended the President’s treaty making by providing that no Indian nation or tribe shall be acknowledged as an independent nation, tribe, or power with whom the United States may contract by treaty. The federal government continued to provide similar contractual relations with the Indian tribes after 1871 by agreements, statutes, and executive orders.

Q1: What legislative act provided that no Indian nation shall be acknowledged as an independent nation with whom the United States may contract by treaty?
A1: Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871
Q2: By what did the US federal government provide contractual relations with Indian tribes following the Indian Appropriations Act of March 3, 1871?
A2: agreements, statutes, and executive orders
Q3: Prior to what year did the United States regularly enter into treaties with Native Americans?
A3: 1871
Q4: A rider to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 provided that no Indian nation shall be acknowledged as what?
A4: an independent nation, tribe, or power
Q5: A rider to the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 provided that the US government could not do what with an Indian nation?
A5: contract by treaty
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the lunar year this originally entailed the use of "escape years" every so often when the number of the fiscal year would jump. From 1 March 1917 the fiscal year became Gregorian, rather than Julian. On 1 January 1926 the use of the Gregorian calendar was extended to include use for general purposes and the number of the year became the same as in other countries.

Q1: What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes?
A1: lunar Islamic
Q2: What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes?
A2: Julian
Q3: Where did Turkey start the fiscal year?
A3: 1 March
Q4: When did Turkey begin to use the Gregorian calendar for fiscal means?
A4: 1 March 1917
Q5: When did Turkey start using the Gregorian calendar for all purposes?
A5: 1 January 1926
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel). Of these, just under two-thirds lived in the French-controlled Maghreb region, 15–20% in the Kingdom of Iraq, approximately 10% in the Kingdom of Egypt and approximately 7% in the Kingdom of Yemen. A further 200,000 lived in Pahlavi Iran and the Republic of Turkey. Today, around 26,000 Jews live in Arab countries and around 30,000 in Iran and Turkey. A small-scale exodus had begun in many countries in the early decades of the 20th century, although the only substantial aliyah came from Yemen and Syria. The exodus from Arab and Muslim countries took place primarily from 1948. The first large-scale exoduses took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily in Iraq, Yemen and Libya, with up to 90% of these communities leaving within a few years. The peak of the exodus from Egypt occurred in 1956. The exodus in the Maghreb countries peaked in the 1960s. Lebanon was the only Arab country to see a temporary increase in its Jewish population during this period, due to an influx of refugees from other Arab countries, although by the mid-1970s the Jewish community of Lebanon had also dwindled. In the aftermath of the exodus wave from Arab states, an additional migration of Iranian Jews peaked in the 1980s when around 80% of Iranian Jews left the country.[citation needed]

Q1: Prior to 1948, how many Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel)?
A1: 800,000
Q2: When did a small-scale exodus begin in many countries?
A2: early decades of the 20th century
Q3: The only substantial aliyah came from where?
A3: Yemen and Syria
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Prior to 1992, Armenians would participate in the Olympics representing the USSR. As part of the Soviet Union, Armenia was very successful, winning plenty of medals and helping the USSR win the medal standings at the Olympics on numerous occasions. The first medal won by an Armenian in modern Olympic history was by Hrant Shahinyan (sometimes spelled as Grant Shaginyan), who won two golds and two silvers in gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. To highlight the level of success of Armenians in the Olympics, Shahinyan was quoted as saying:

Q1: What Olympic Sport did Hrant Shahinyan compete in?
A1: gymnastics
Q2: What medals did Hrant Shahinyan win at the 1952 Summer Olympics?
A2: two golds and two silvers
Q3: Where were the 1952 Summer Olympics held?
A3: Helsinki
Q4: What year did Armenia begin competiting in the Olympics seperate from the USSR?
A4: 1992
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as regular members of French and British forces and in local militia groups. The latter aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers, Aboriginal peoples, and later American forces during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, as well as in the Fenian raids, Red River Rebellion, and North-West Rebellion. Consequently, the lineages of some Canadian army units stretch back to the early 19th century, when militia units were formed to assist in the defence of British North America against invasion by the United States.

Q1: What year was Canada united in a confederation?
A1: 1867
Q2: The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification?
A2: French and British forces
Q3: What is one of the threats that faced them?
A3: European powers
Q4: What American war threatened Canada?
A4: the American Revolutionary War
Q5: Early on, what did they defend against with the British?
A5: invasion by the United States
Title: Planck_constant
Topic: Mathematics

Prior to Einstein's paper, electromagnetic radiation such as visible light was considered to behave as a wave: hence the use of the terms "frequency" and "wavelength" to characterise different types of radiation. The energy transferred by a wave in a given time is called its intensity. The light from a theatre spotlight is more intense than the light from a domestic lightbulb; that is to say that the spotlight gives out more energy per unit time and per unit space(and hence consumes more electricity) than the ordinary bulb, even though the colour of the light might be very similar. Other waves, such as sound or the waves crashing against a seafront, also have their own intensity. However, the energy account of the photoelectric effect didn't seem to agree with the wave description of light.

Q1: Before Einstein, electromagnetic radiation was considered to behave as what?
A1: a wave
Q2: What terms describe different types of radiation?
A2: "frequency" and "wavelength"
Q3: What is the energy transferred by a wave in a given time called?
A3: intensity
Q4: What other types of wave besides light has its own intensity?
A4: sound
Q5: Prior to Einstein's work, light behavior was modeled as what?
A5: a wave
Q6: What is the name for the amount of energy transfered by a wave in a given time?
A6: intensity
Q7: What portion of the photoelectric effect was in disagreement with the believed description of light behavior?
A7: the energy account
Q8: What does it mean for a light source to be more intense than another?
A8: gives out more energy per unit time and per unit space
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.

Q1: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?
A1: Battle of Agincourt
Q2: What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?
A2: Southampton Plot
Q3: What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?
A3: Red Lion
Q4: What was the Earl of Cambridge's first name?
A4: Richard
Q5: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?
A5: the Bargate
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis, which used the term gemmule to describe hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction. Although Mendel's work was largely unrecognized after its first publication in 1866, it was 'rediscovered' in 1900 by three European scientists, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak, who claimed to have reached similar conclusions in their own research.

Q1: What was the dominant theory of heredity prior to Mendel's work?
A1: one of blending inheritance
Q2: Who developed the theory of inheritance known as pangenesis?
A2: Charles Darwin
Q3: What does the term gemmule describe?
A3: hypothetical particles that would mix during reproduction
Q4: What year was Mendel's work first published?
A4: 1866
Q5: Who are the three scientists that claimed to have reached conclusions similar to Mendel's?
A5: Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak
Title: Planck_constant
Topic: Mathematics

Prior to Planck's work, it had been assumed that the energy of a body could take on any value whatsoever – that it was a continuous variable. The Rayleigh–Jeans law makes close predictions for a narrow range of values at one limit of temperatures, but the results diverge more and more strongly as temperatures increase. To make Planck's law, which correctly predicts blackbody emissions, it was necessary to multiply the classical expression by a complex factor that involves h in both the numerator and the denominator. The influence of h in this complex factor would not disappear if it were set to zero or to any other value. Making an equation out of Planck's law that would reproduce the Rayleigh–Jeans law could not be done by changing the values of h, of the Boltzmann constant, or of any other constant or variable in the equation. In this case the picture given by classical physics is not duplicated by a range of results in the quantum picture.

Q1: Before Planck, it was assumed that the energy of a body could take on what value?
A1: any
Q2: The Rayleigh-Jeans law makes close predictions for what amount of values?
A2: a narrow range
Q3: What does Planck's law correctly predict?
A3: blackbody emissions
Q4: In making Planck's law, what was in both the numerator and denominator of the formula that was used?
A4: h
Q5: Planck's work disproved what assumption?
A5: that the energy of a body could take on any value whatsoever
Q6: What rule predicted narrow range of energy values at lower temperatures?
A6: The Rayleigh–Jeans
Q7: Planck's law involved what necessary mathematical step to correctly predict blackbody emission?
A7: multiply the classical expression by a complex factor that involves h in both the numerator and the denominator
Q8: Changing values of n, the Boltzmann constant, or other variables resulted in learning what about Planck's law?
A8: Making an equation out of Planck's law that would reproduce the Rayleigh–Jeans law could not be done
Q9: The disparity between Planck's law and the Rayleigh-Jeans law led to what conclusion?
A9: the picture given by classical physics is not duplicated by a range of results in the quantum picture
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Prior to his inauguration, Eisenhower led a meeting of advisors at Pearl Harbor addressing foremost issues; agreed objectives were to balance the budget during his term, to bring the Korean War to an end, to defend vital interests at lower cost through nuclear deterrent, and to end price and wage controls. Eisenhower also conducted the first pre-inaugural cabinet meeting in history in late 1952; he used this meeting to articulate his anti-communist Russia policy. His inaugural address, as well, was exclusively devoted to foreign policy and included this same philosophy, as well as a commitment to foreign trade and the United Nations.

Q1: What war did Eisenhower want to end as president?
A1: Korean
Q2: What type of cabinet meeting did Eisenhower hold for the first time ever?
A2: pre-inaugural
Q3: Policy in regard to what country was discussed at Eisenhower's first cabinet meeting?
A3: Russia
Q4: What type of policy was the focus of Eisenhower's inaugural address?
A4: foreign
Title: Spectre_(2015_film)
Topic: Media and drama

Prior to its UK release, Spectre mostly received positive reviews. Mark Kermode, writing in The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars, observing that the film did not live up to the standard set by Skyfall, but was able to tap into audience expectations. Writing in the same publication, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a full five stars, calling it "inventive, intelligent and complex", and singling out Craig's performance as the film's highlight. In another five star review, The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin described Spectre as "a swaggering show of confidence'", lauding it as "a feat of pure cinematic necromancy." In an otherwise positive, but overall less enthusiastic review, IGN's Chris Tilly considered Spectre "solid if unspectacular", and gave the film a 7.2 score (out of a possible 10), saying that "the film falls frustratingly short of greatness."

Q1: Who gave Spectre a perfect rating in The Daily Telegraph?
A1: Robbie Collin
Q2: A writer for which publication rated the film 7.2/10?
A2: IGN
Q3: What score did Mark Kermode give Spectre?
A3: four out of five stars
Q4: How many stars did Mark Kermode of the Guardian aware Spectre prior to its release?
A4: four out of five
Title: Seattle
Topic: History

Prior to moving its headquarters to Chicago, aerospace manufacturer Boeing (#30) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area. Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry in 2006. Major redevelopment of the South Lake Union neighborhood is underway, in an effort to attract new and established biotech companies to the city, joining biotech companies Corixa (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Immunex (now part of Amgen), Trubion, and ZymoGenetics. Vulcan Inc., the holding company of billionaire Paul Allen, is behind most of the development projects in the region. While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense. Also in 2006, Expansion Magazine ranked Seattle among the top 10 metropolitan areas in the nation for climates favorable to business expansion. In 2005, Forbes ranked Seattle as the most expensive American city for buying a house based on the local income levels. In 2013, however, the magazine ranked Seattle No. 9 on its list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.

Q1: Before they moved to Chicago, what was the biggest company headquartered in Seattle?
A1: Boeing
Q2: Where in the Seattle area does Boeing have manufacturing plants?
A2: Everett and Renton
Q3: Which past mayor of Seattle has been criticized for favoring the rich of industry at the expense of the people? 
A3: Mayor Greg Nickels
Q4: What type of businesses did Nickles want to attract to Seattle?
A4: biotech companies
Q5: For what did Forbes rank Seattle the most expensive?
A5: buying a house
Title: Madrasa
Topic: Language and literature

Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ to female scholars, giving information on 1,075 of them. More recently, the scholar Mohammad Akram Nadwi, currently a researcher from the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, has written 40 volumes on the muḥaddithāt (the women scholars of ḥadīth), and found at least 8,000 of them.

Q1: What percentage of Islamic women were educated before the 1200s?
A1: less than one percent
Q2: How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1400s?
A2: over 8,000
Q3: In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students?
A3: al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ
Q4: How many female students were discussed in the al-Daw' al-Iami?
A4: 1,075