LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

Estonian has been influenced by Swedish, German (initially Middle Low German, which was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League and spoken natively in the territories of what is today known as Estonia by a sizeable burgher community of Baltic Germans, later Estonian was also influenced by standard German), and Russian, though it is not related to them genetically.

Q1: Who spoke German in what came to be known as Estonia?
A1: Baltic Germans
Q2: Aside from standard German what German language influenced Estonian?
A2: Middle Low German
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

Estonian language planners such as Ado Grenzstein (a journalist active in Estonia in the 1870s–90s) tried to use formation ex nihilo, Urschöpfung; i.e. they created new words out of nothing.

Q1: Who was the journalist who was also a language planner?
A1: Ado Grenzstein
Q2: In what years did Ado Grenzstein do journalism work in Estonia?
A2: 1870s–90s
Q3: What is another term for making up words from nothing?
A3: formation ex nihilo
Q4: Who in the course of their language planning attempted to use the formation ex nihilo technique?
A4: Ado Grenzstein
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

Ethernet standards require electrical isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds. USB has no such requirement as it was designed for peripherals closely associated with a host computer, and in fact it connects the peripheral and host grounds. This gives Ethernet a significant safety advantage over USB with peripherals such as cable and DSL modems connected to external wiring that can assume hazardous voltages under certain fault conditions.

Q1: USB  was designed for peripherals to be what?
A1: closely associated with a host computer
Q2: USB connects what?
A2: the peripheral and host grounds
Q3: Ethernet standards require what?
A3: isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds
Title: Anthropology
Topic: Social sciences and society

Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation have been proposed, not to mention theories of colonialism and many others as root causes of Man's inhumanity to man. To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach, one can take just one of these topics, such as "racism" and find thousands of anthropological references, stretching across all the major and minor sub-fields.

Q1: What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide?
A1: Ethical
Q2: What is the proper term for circumcision?
A2: mutilation
Q3: What are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist?
A3: racism, slavery, and human sacrifice
Q4: Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of Man's inhumanity towards whom?
A4: man
Q5: Why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics?
A5: depth of an anthropological approach
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Ethnic Egyptians are by far the largest ethnic group in the country, constituting 91% of the total population. Ethnic minorities include the Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes living in the eastern deserts and the Sinai Peninsula, the Berber-speaking Siwis (Amazigh) of the Siwa Oasis, and the Nubian communities clustered along the Nile. There are also tribal Beja communities concentrated in the south-eastern-most corner of the country, and a number of Dom clans mostly in the Nile Delta and Faiyum who are progressively becoming assimilated as urbanisation increases.

Q1: What is the largest ethnic group in Egypt?
A1: Ethnic Egyptians
Q2: What are the minorities that live in eastern deserts of Egypt?
A2: Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes
Q3: Where are Dom clans mostly gathered?
A3: Nile Delta and Faiyum
Title: Russian_language
Topic: Language and literature

Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15 and 19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10- to 14-year-old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English in the same age group).

Q1: How much of Estonia is ethnic Russians?
A1: 25.5%
Q2: How much of Estonia speaks Russian?
A2: 67.8%
Q3: What is the ratio of young Estonians who speak Russian relative to those who speak English?
A3: about one-third
Q4: How much of Estonia's native Estonians speaks Russian?
A4: 58.6%
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radicals stormed party buildings and effectively overthrew the communist powers in the southern town of Lenkoran. Gorbachev resolved to regain control of Azerbaijan; the events that ensued are known as "Black January." Late on January 19, 1990, after blowing up the central television station and cutting the phone and radio lines, 26,000 Soviet troops entered the Azerbaijani capital Baku, smashing barricades, attacking protesters, and firing into crowds. On that night and during subsequent confrontations (which lasted until February), more than 130 people died – the majority of whom were civilians. More than 700 civilians were wounded, hundreds were detained, but only a few were actually tried for alleged criminal offenses.

Q1: Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988?
A1: Armenians and Azerbaijanis
Q2: Who was killed in the January 9 riots?
A2: four Soviet soldiers
Q3: How many people died in the Soviet response to the clashes?
A3: more than 130
Q4: What were the January incidents called?
A4: Black January
Q5: How many Soviet troops occupied Baku?
A5: 26,000
Title: Republic_of_the_Congo
Topic: Geography and places

Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.

Q1: How many languages are used in the Congo?
A1: 62
Q2: What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?
A2: Kongo
Q3: How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?
A3: 2%
Q4: What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?
A4: 12%
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft.

Q1: What are Nigeria's 3 biggest ethnic groups?
A1: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba
Q2: When did Nigeria get independence?
A2: 1960
Q3: What major secession movement has Nigeria had?
A3: MASSOB
Q4: What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had?
A4: Oodua Peoples Congress
Title: Anthropology
Topic: Social sciences and society

Ethnohistory is the study of ethnographic cultures and indigenous customs by examining historical records. It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today. Ethnohistory uses both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation. Its historical methods and materials go beyond the standard use of documents and manuscripts. Practitioners recognize the utility of such source material as maps, music, paintings, photography, folklore, oral tradition, site exploration, archaeological materials, museum collections, enduring customs, language, and place names.

Q1: How does an someone interested in ethnohistory learn more about cultures and customs?
A1: by examining historical records
Q2: Ethnohistory can study the history of what types of groups which may or may not exist today?
A2: ethnic
Q3: What does ethnohistory use both historical and ethnographic data as?
A3: its foundation
Q4: What do the methods of ethnohistory go beyond the standard use of?
A4: documents and manuscripts
Q5: Who recognizes the utility of music, folkore and language?
A5: Practitioners
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

Eton College has links with some private schools in India today, maintained from the days of the British Raj, such as The Doon School and Mayo College. Eton College is also a member of the G20 Schools Group, a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world, including Turkey's Robert College, the United States' Phillips Academy and Phillips Exeter Academy, Australia's Scotch College, Melbourne Grammar School and Launceston Church Grammar School, Singapore's Raffles Institution, and Switzerland's International School of Geneva. Eton has recently fostered[when?] a relationship with the Roxbury Latin School, a traditional all-boys private school in Boston, USA. Former Eton headmaster and provost Sir Eric Anderson shares a close friendship with Roxbury Latin Headmaster emeritus F. Washington Jarvis; Anderson has visited Roxbury Latin on numerous occasions, while Jarvis briefly taught theology at Eton after retiring from his headmaster post at Roxbury Latin. The headmasters' close friendship spawned the Hennessy Scholarship, an annual prize established in 2005 and awarded to a graduating RL senior for a year of study at Eton. Hennessy Scholars generally reside in Wotton house.

Q1: Which male private school in Boston, USA has Eton formed a relationship with?
A1: Roxbury Latin School
Q2: Where do Hennessy Scholars typically reside?
A2: Wotton house
Q3: In which year was the Hennessy Scholarship founded?
A3: 2005
Q4: What is the G20 School's Group?
A4: a collection of college preparatory boarding schools from around the world
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

Eton has a long list of distinguished former pupils. David Cameron is the 19th British prime minister to have attended the school, and has recommended that Eton set up a school in the state sector to help drive up standards. Eton now co-sponsors a state sixth-form college in Newham, a deprived area of East London, called the London Academy of Excellence, opened in 2012, which is free of charge and aims to get all its students into higher education. In September 2014, Eton opened, and became the sole educational sponsor for, a new purpose-built co-educational state boarding and day school for around 500 pupils, Holyport College, in Maidenhead in Berkshire, with construction costing around £15 million, in which a fifth of places for day pupils will be set aside for children from poor homes, 21 boarding places will go to youngsters on the verge of being taken into care, and a further 28 boarders will be funded or part-funded through bursaries.

Q1: How many British prime ministers attended Eton?
A1: 19
Q2: Which college in Newham does Eton College co-sponsor?
A2: London Academy of Excellence
Q3: How does London Academy of Excellence vary in cost from Eton College?
A3: free of charge
Q4: Where will Holyport College be located?
A4: Maidenhead in Berkshire
Q5: How much is construction of Holyport College predicted to cost?
A5: around £15 million
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

Eton is one of ten English HMC schools, commonly referred to as "public schools", regulated by the Public Schools Act of 1868. Following the public school tradition, Eton is a full boarding school, which means all pupils live at the school, and it is one of four such remaining single-sex boys' public schools in the United Kingdom (the others being Harrow, Radley, and Winchester) to continue this practice. Eton has educated 19 British prime ministers and generations of the aristocracy and has been referred to as the chief nurse of England's statesmen. Charging up to £11,478 per term (there are three terms per academic year) in 2014/15, Eton is the sixth most expensive HMC boarding school in the UK.

Q1: How many public schools are regulated by the 1868 Public Schools Act?
A1: ten
Q2: Which type of school requires students to live at the school?
A2: boarding school
Q3: How many all-male boarding schools exist in the UK?
A3: four
Q4: How much does Eton College charge per term?
A4: up to £11,478
Q5: How does Eton College rate expense-wise with the other HMC boarding schools in the UK?
A5: sixth most expensive
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

Eton's best-known holiday takes place on the so-called "Fourth of June", a celebration of the birthday of King George III, Eton's greatest patron. This day is celebrated with the Procession of Boats, in which the top rowing crews from the top four years row past in vintage wooden rowing boats. Similar to the Queen's Official Birthday, the "Fourth of June" is no longer celebrated on 4 June, but on the Wednesday before the first weekend of June. Eton also observes St. Andrew's Day, on which the Eton wall game is played.[citation needed]

Q1: What is Eton's best-known holiday?
A1: "Fourth of June"
Q2: What does the "Fourth of June" celebrate?
A2: the birthday of King George III
Q3: When is the Fourth of June celebrated?
A3: the Wednesday before the first weekend of June
Q4: Which event is held on the Fourth of June?
A4: Procession of Boats
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.

Q1: Euro1080 was a division of what former company?
A1: Alfacam
Q2: What "chicken or the egg" stalemate prompted Euro1080 to broadcast HDTV channels?
A2: "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..."
Q3: What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting HDTV channels?
A3: HDTV interest in Europe
Q4: How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel?
A4: free-to-air
Q5: What was on HD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day?
A5: a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule
Title: Modern_history
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Europe spent these years rebuilding and coming to terms with the vast human cost of the conflict. The economy of the United States became increasingly intertwined with that of Europe. In Germany, the Weimar Republic gave way to episodes of political and economic turmoil, which culminated with the German hyperinflation of 1923 and the failed Beer Hall Putsch of that same year. When Germany could no longer afford war payments, Wall Street invested heavily in European debts to keep the European economy afloat as a large consumer market for American mass-produced goods. By the middle of the decade, economic development soared in Europe, and the Roaring Twenties broke out in Germany, Britain and France, the second half of the decade becoming known as the "Golden Twenties". In France and francophone Canada, they were also called the "années folles" ("Crazy Years").

Q1: When did the hyperinflation of  1923 occur?
A1: 1923
Q2: Who invested in European debts?
A2: Wall Street
Q3: Europe has a large market for what?
A3: American mass-produced goods
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

European Dutch remained the literary language until the start of the 1920s, when under pressure of Afrikaner nationalism the local "African" Dutch was preferred over the written, European-based standard. In 1925, section 137 of the 1909 constitution of the Union of South Africa was amended by Act 8 of 1925, stating "the word Dutch in article 137 [...] is hereby declared to include Afrikaans". The constitution of 1983 only listed English and Afrikaans as official languages. It is estimated that between 90% to 95% of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin.

Q1: In what decade did European Dutch yield to the local dialect in South Africa?
A1: 1920s
Q2: At the high end, what percentage of Afrikaans words come from Dutch?
A2: 95%
Q3: What South African document from 1983 doesn't list Dutch as an official language?
A3: constitution
Q4: What section of the constitution was changed by Act 8 of 1925 to include Afrikaans with Dutch?
A4: 137
Q5: What pressure influenced the shift in South Africa from the use of European Dutch in the 1920s?
A5: Afrikaner nationalism
Title: Southern_Europe
Topic: Geography and places

European Travel Commission divides the European region on the basis of Tourism Decision Metrics (TDM) model. Countries which belong to the Southern/Mediterranean Europe are:

Q1: What does TDM stand for?
A1: Tourism Decision Metrics
Q2: Which group uses TDM as a metric?
A2: European Travel Commission
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines and/or chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This leaves less room for practices such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular music  styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles lend themselves to the song form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can attain a high level of complexity.

Q1: How is European art music distinguished from non-European and popular music?
A1: its system of staff notation
Q2: What method is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches, tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music?
A2: Western staff notation
Q3: What popular styles practice improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation?
A3: jazz and blues
Q4: Since it is written down, classical music can attain a high level of what? 
A4: complexity
Q5: How is European art music distinguished from many other musical forms?
A5: its system of staff notation
Q6: How long has the system of staff notation been in use?
A6: since about the 16th century
Q7: Jazz and blues use ad libitum and what other ornamentation? 
A7: improvisation
Q8: Classic music can a attain a high level of what?
A8: complexity
Title: Sahara
Topic: Geography and places

European colonialism in the Sahara began in the 19th century. France conquered the regency of Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830, and French rule spread south from Algeria and eastwards from Senegal into the upper Niger to include present-day Algeria, Chad, Mali then French Sudan including Timbuktu, Mauritania, Morocco (1912), Niger, and Tunisia (1881). By the beginning of the 20th century, the trans-Saharan trade had clearly declined because goods were moved through more modern and efficient means, such as airplanes, rather than across the desert.

Q1: What time period did the colonialism of the Sahara begin?
A1: 19th century
Q2: What country conquered the Algiers from the Ottomans in   1830?
A2: France
Q3: During what time were good moved through more modern   means?
A3: 20th century
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

European colonists created treaties with Indigenous American tribes requesting the return of any runaway slaves. For example, in 1726, the British governor of New York exacted a promise from the Iroquois to return all runaway slaves who had joined them. This same promise was extracted from the Huron Nation in 1764, and from the Delaware Nation in 1765, though there is no record of slaves ever being returned. Numerous advertisements requested the return of African Americans who had married Indigenous Americans or who spoke an Indigenous American language. The primary exposure that Africans and Indigenous Americans had to each other came through the institution of slavery. Indigenous Americans learned that Africans had what Indigenous Americans considered 'Great Medicine' in their bodies because Africans were virtually immune to the Old-World diseases that were decimating most native populations. Because of this, many tribes encouraged marriage between the two groups, to create stronger, healthier children from the unions.

Q1: Who did colonists ask for help in returning runaway slaves?
A1: Indigenous American tribes
Q2: When was a treaty with the Iroquis made to return slaves?
A2: 1726
Q3: What asked for the return of slaves who married indigenous americans or spoke their language?
A3: Numerous advertisements
Q4: How did natives and Africans come to know each other?
A4: through the institution of slavery
Q5: Why did natives consider Africans to have a 'Great Medicine'?
A5: because Africans were virtually immune to the Old-World diseases
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

European comics studies began with Töpffer's theories of his own work in the 1840s, which emphasized panel transitions and the visual–verbal combination. No further progress was made until the 1970s. Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle then took a semiotics approach to the study of comics, analyzing text–image relations, page-level image relations, and image discontinuities, or what Scott McCloud later dubbed "closure". In 1987, Henri Vanlier introduced the term multicadre, or "multiframe", to refer to the comics a page as a semantic unit. By the 1990s, theorists such as Benoît Peeters and Thierry Groensteen turned attention to artists' poïetic creative choices. Thierry Smolderen and Harry Morgan have held relativistic views of the definition of comics, a medium that has taken various, equally valid forms over its history. Morgan sees comics as a subset of "les littératures dessinées" (or "drawn literatures"). French theory has come to give special attention to the page, in distinction from American theories such as McCloud's which focus on panel-to-panel transitions. Since the mid-2000s, Neil Cohn has begun analyzing how comics are understood using tools from cognitive science, extending beyond theory by using actual psychological and neuroscience experiments. This work has argued that sequential images and page layouts both use separate rule-bound "grammars" to be understood that extend beyond panel-to-panel transitions and categorical distinctions of types of layouts, and that the brain's comprehension of comics is similar to comprehending other domains, such as language and music.

Q1: In the 1840s, Töpffer wrote theories about whose work?
A1: his own
Q2: Who introduced the term "multiframe"?
A2: Henri Vanlier
Q3: Who used a semiotics method to study comics in the 1970s?
A3: Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle
Q4: Who used cognitive science to learn how people understand comics?
A4: Neil Cohn
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

European cultural ideas and institutions began to follow colonial expansion into other parts of the world. There was also a rise, especially toward the end of the era, of nationalism in music (echoing, in some cases, political sentiments of the time), as composers such as Edvard Grieg, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Antonín Dvořák echoed traditional music of their homelands in their compositions.

Q1: What did European cultural ideas follow?
A1: colonial expansion
Q2: What type of music rose toward the end of the era?
A2: nationalism
Q3: What did nationalism in music sometime echo?
A3: political sentiments of the time
Q4: Edvard Grieg and Antonin Dvorak used what kind of music in their compositions?
A4: traditional music of their homelands
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

European higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and perhaps from cathedral schools. It is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were also founded by Kings (University of Naples Federico II, Charles University in Prague, Jagiellonian University in Kraków) or municipal administrations (University of Cologne, University of Erfurt). In the early medieval period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools, usually when these schools were deemed to have become primarily sites of higher education. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries.

Q1: What is a scholae monasticae?
A1: monastic schools
Q2: Who presided over classes at a scholae monasticae?
A2: monks and nuns
Q3: In the chronology of academic institutions, where are Christian cathedral schools compared to universities?
A3: immediate forerunners
Q4: What church is said to be responsible for the formation of universities?
A4: Latin Church
Q5: During which era did universities grow out of already extant schools?
A5: early medieval period
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

European maps continued to show this hypothesized land until Captain James Cook's ships, HMS Resolution and Adventure, crossed the Antarctic Circle on 17 January 1773, in December 1773 and again in January 1774. Cook came within about 120 km (75 mi) of the Antarctic coast before retreating in the face of field ice in January 1773. The first confirmed sighting of Antarctica can be narrowed down to the crews of ships captained by three individuals. According to various organizations (the National Science Foundation, NASA, the University of California, San Diego, and other sources), ships captained by three men sighted Antarctica or its ice shelf in 1820: von Bellingshausen (a captain in the Imperial Russian Navy), Edward Bransfield (a captain in the Royal Navy), and Nathaniel Palmer (a sealer out of Stonington, Connecticut). The expedition led by von Bellingshausen and Lazarev on the ships Vostok and Mirny reached a point within 32 km (20 mi) from Queen Maud's Land and recorded the sight of an ice shelf at 69°21′28″S 2°14′50″W﻿ / ﻿69.35778°S 2.24722°W﻿ / -69.35778; -2.24722, which became known as the Fimbul ice shelf. This happened three days before Bransfield sighted land, and ten months before Palmer did so in November 1820. The first documented landing on Antarctica was by the American sealer John Davis, apparently at Hughes Bay, near Cape Charles, in West Antarctica on 7 February 1821, although some historians dispute this claim. The first recorded and confirmed landing was at Cape Adair in 1895.

Q1: When did Cook's ships cross the Antarctic circle?
A1: 17 January 1773
Q2: What kept Captain Cook from getting too close to Antarctica?
A2: field ice
Q3: How many men sighted Antarctica in 1820?
A3: three
Q4: How close did von Bellingshausen and Lazarev come to Antarctica?
A4: 32 km
Q5: When was the first recorded landing on Antarctica?
A5: 1895
Title: Southern_Europe
Topic: Geography and places

European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture.

Q1: What resulted from Europe's exploration of the New World?
A1: the rise of colonial empires
Q2: What institution of mercantilism was established with New World colonies?
A2: the Columbian Exchange
Q3: What replaced agriculture as the focus of European economy with the establishment of overseas colonies?
A3: manufacturing
Q4: Aside from the activities of colonies, what other event fostered the transition from agriculture to manufacturing?
A4: the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Major banks suffered losses from AAA-rated created by financial engineering (which creates apparently risk-free assets out of high risk collateral) that required less capital according to Basel II. Lending to AA-rated sovereigns has a risk-weight of zero, thus increasing lending to governments and leading to the next crisis. Johan Norberg argues that regulations (Basel III among others) have indeed led to excessive lending to risky governments (see European sovereign-debt crisis) and the ECB pursues even more lending as the solution.

Q1: What did European regulators introduce to increase the oversight of banks?
A1: Basel III regulations
Q2: Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem?
A2: faulty risk-weightings
Q3: Who argued that regulations led to excessive lending to risky governments?
A3: Johan Norberg
Q4: What was increased by Basel III regulations?
A4: capital ratios
Q5: What term describes creating risk-free assets out of high risk collateral?
A5: financial engineering
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Europeans came to the Delaware Valley in the early 17th century, with the first settlements founded by the Dutch, who in 1623 built Fort Nassau on the Delaware River opposite the Schuylkill River in what is now Brooklawn, New Jersey. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony. In 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina (present day Wilmington, Delaware) and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their military defeat of the English colony of Maryland. In 1648, the Dutch built Fort Beversreede on the west bank of the Delaware, south of the Schuylkill near the present-day Eastwick section of Philadelphia, to reassert their dominion over the area. The Swedes responded by building Fort Nya Korsholm, named New Korsholm after a town that is now in Finland. In 1655, a Dutch military campaign led by New Netherland Director-General Peter Stuyvesant took control of the Swedish colony, ending its claim to independence, although the Swedish and Finnish settlers continued to have their own militia, religion, and court, and to enjoy substantial autonomy under the Dutch. The English conquered the New Netherland colony in 1664, but the situation did not really change until 1682, when the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania.

Q1: Who were the first settlers to the Delaware Valley?
A1: the Dutch
Q2: What was the name of the first settlement in the area?
A2: Fort Nassau
Q3: Who claimed the entire Delaware River?
A3: The Dutch
Q4: When did the English conquer the New Netherland colony?
A4: 1664
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

Evaporation and sublimation into a vacuum is called outgassing. All materials, solid or liquid, have a small vapour pressure, and their outgassing becomes important when the vacuum pressure falls below this vapour pressure. In man-made systems, outgassing has the same effect as a leak and can limit the achievable vacuum. Outgassing products may condense on nearby colder surfaces, which can be troublesome if they obscure optical instruments or react with other materials. This is of great concern to space missions, where an obscured telescope or solar cell can ruin an expensive mission.

Q1: what is evaporation and sublimation in a vacuum?
A1: outgassing
Q2: When does outgassing become important in all solid or liquid materials?
A2: vacuum pressure falls below this vapour pressure
Q3: Why can outgassing products ruin a space mission?
A3: obscure optical instruments
Title: Hunting
Topic: Sports and recreation

Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still vital in marginal climates, especially those unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture.[citation needed] For example, Inuit people in the Arctic trap and hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.

Q1: What was a significant contributor to the human food supply?
A1: hunting
Q2: What did the supplementary meat from hunting include?
A2: protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather
Q3: What was the leather from hunting used for?
A3: clothing
Q4: Rocks and spears are examples of some of man's earliest what?
A4: hunting weapons
Q5: Where is hunting still vital?
A5: marginal climates
Q6: Hunt was a significant contributor to what?
A6: human food supply
Q7: Where is hunting still vital?
A7: marginal climates
Q8: Why is hunting still vital in marginal climates?
A8: unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture
Q9: How are the skins of sea mammals useful for people in the Arctic trap?
A9: make kayaks, clothing, and footwear
Title: Virgil
Topic: Language and literature

Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet. Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death."

Q1: Who cautioned "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death"?
A1: Gregory of Tours
Q2: Literate men acknowledged Virgil as a master poet despite what empire collapsing?
A2: Western Roman
Q3: Did literate men acknowledge Virgil as a master or novice poet?
A3: master
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Even at high latitudes, glacier formation is not inevitable. Areas of the Arctic, such as Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are considered polar deserts where glaciers cannot form because they receive little snowfall despite the bitter cold. Cold air, unlike warm air, is unable to transport much water vapor. Even during glacial periods of the Quaternary, Manchuria, lowland Siberia, and central and northern Alaska, though extraordinarily cold, had such light snowfall that glaciers could not form.

Q1: Which areas in Antartica are considered polar deserts?
A1: Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys
Q2: Why can't glaciers form in polar deserts?
A2: they receive little snowfall
Q3: Does cold or warm air facilitate the transport of water vapor?
A3: warm air
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

Even before Han's expansion into Central Asia, diplomat Zhang Qian's travels from 139 to 125 BC had established Chinese contacts with many surrounding civilizations. Zhang encountered Dayuan (Fergana), Kangju (Sogdiana), and Daxia (Bactria, formerly the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom); he also gathered information on Shendu (Indus River valley of North India) and Anxi (the Parthian Empire). All of these countries eventually received Han embassies. These connections marked the beginning of the Silk Road trade network that extended to the Roman Empire, bringing Han items like silk to Rome and Roman goods such as glasswares to China.

Q1: What type of Roman item was traded on the Silk Road network?
A1: glasswares
Q2: Which diplomat helped gather information on the country of Anxi?
A2: Zhang Qian
Q3: When did Zhang Qian end his travels?
A3: 125 BC
Q4: Which network was used to exchange goods with Rome?
A4: Silk Road
Q5: What empire had established an embassy in Anxi?
A5: Han
Title: Eritrea
Topic: Natural sciences

Even during the war, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure by asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war-damaged roads and bridges as a part of the Warsay Yika'alo Program. The most significant of these projects was the construction of a coastal highway of more than 500 km connecting Massawa with Asseb, as well as the rehabilitation of the Eritrean Railway. The rail line has been restored between the port of Massawa and the capital Asmara, although services are sporadic. Steam locomotives are sometimes used for groups of enthusiasts.

Q1: Under which program did Eritrea develp and repair its transportation infrastructure during the war?
A1: Warsay Yika'alo
Q2: How long was the coastal highway between Massawa and Asseb?
A2: more than 500 km
Q3: What type of locomotives are sometimes used on the Eritrean Railway to cater to groups of enthusiasts?
A3: Steam
Q4: What is the capital of Eritrea?
A4: Asmara
Q5: Which railway was rehabilitated under the Warsay Yika'alo Program?
A5: Eritrean
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

Even in modern democracies, Freemasonry is sometimes viewed with distrust. In the UK, Masons working in the justice system, such as judges and police officers, were from 1999 to 2009 required to disclose their membership. While a parliamentary inquiry found that there has been no evidence of wrongdoing, it was felt that any potential loyalties Masons might have, based on their vows to support fellow Masons, should be transparent to the public. The policy of requiring a declaration of masonic membership of applicants for judicial office (judges and magistrates) was ended in 2009 by Justice Secretary Jack Straw (who had initiated the requirement in the 1990s). Straw stated that the rule was considered disproportionate, since no impropriety or malpractice had been shown as a result of judges being Freemasons.

Q1: Judges and police officers had to disclose their Freemason membership in what years in England?
A1: from 1999 to 2009
Q2: Who ended the English Masonic disclosure policy in 2009?
A2: Justice Secretary Jack Straw
Q3: Justice Secretary Jack Straw ended the Masonic disclosure law on what grounds?
A3: the rule was considered disproportionate
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

Even interpreting the hydrogen data (including safety data) is confounded by a number of phenomena. Many physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio (it often takes days or weeks at a given temperature to reach the equilibrium ratio, for which the data is usually given). Hydrogen detonation parameters, such as critical detonation pressure and temperature, strongly depend on the container geometry.

Q1: What do physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on?
A1: the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio
Q2: How long can it take to reach the equilibrium ratio?
A2: days or weeks
Q3: What do Hydrogen detonation parameters depend on?
A3: container geometry
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Even more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately 100,000 bacterial cells. In these fruiting bodies, the bacteria perform separate tasks; this type of cooperation is a simple type of multicellular organisation. For example, about one in 10 cells migrate to the top of these fruiting bodies and differentiate into a specialised dormant state called myxospores, which are more resistant to drying and other adverse environmental conditions than are ordinary cells.

Q1: What is the vital nutriment for Myxobacteria?
A1: amino acids
Q2: Why do cells of Myxobacteria migrate towards each other?
A2: aggregate to form fruiting bodies
Q3: How hard to treat bacteria cells in a passive state?
A3: more resistant
Q4: What bacteria do in fruiting bodies?
A4: multicellular organisation
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Even non-theist views about gods vary. Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations. The nineteenth-century English atheist Charles Bradlaugh declared that he refused to say "There is no God", because "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"; he said more specifically that he disbelieved in the Christian god. Stephen Jay Gould proposed an approach dividing the world of philosophy into what he called "non-overlapping magisteria" (NOMA). In this view, questions of the supernatural, such as those relating to the existence and nature of God, are non-empirical and are the proper domain of theology. The methods of science should then be used to answer any empirical question about the natural world, and theology should be used to answer questions about ultimate meaning and moral value. In this view, the perceived lack of any empirical footprint from the magisterium of the supernatural onto natural events makes science the sole player in the natural world.

Q1: What do some non-theists view God as?
A1: a symbol of human values and aspirations
Q2: Although a proclaimed atheist, who was it that said "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"?
A2: Charles Bradlaugh
Q3: What is NOMA?
A3: non-overlapping magisteria
Q4: In NOMA, what should be used to answer questions about the physical world?
A4: science
Q5: What should be used to answer ultimate questions on morality and meaning?
A5: theology
Q6: Name the nineteenth century English atheist?
A6: Charles Bradlaugh
Q7: What does Stephen Jay Gould call philosophy that deals in the supernatural?
A7: non-overlapping magisteria" (NOMA)
Q8: What category does NOMA fall under?
A8: theology
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

Even prior to the penetration of European interests, Southeast Asia was a critical part of the world trading system. A wide range of commodities originated in the region, but especially important were spices such as pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg. The spice trade initially was developed by Indian and Arab merchants, but it also brought Europeans to the region. First Spaniards (Manila galleon) and Portuguese, then the Dutch, and finally the British and French became involved in this enterprise in various countries. The penetration of European commercial interests gradually evolved into annexation of territories, as traders lobbied for an extension of control to protect and expand their activities. As a result, the Dutch moved into Indonesia, the British into Malaya and parts of Borneo, the French into Indochina, and the Spanish and the US into the Philippines.

Q1: Name some important commodities that originated in Southeast asian region?
A1: pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg
Q2: Who developed the spice trade initially?
A2: Indian and Arab merchants
Q3: Which European traders moved into Indonesia?
A3: Dutch
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Even so, the decision by OKL to support the strategy in Directive 23 was instigated by two considerations, both of which had little to do with wanting to destroy Britain's sea communications in conjunction with the Kriegsmarine. First, the difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production was becoming apparent, and second, the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break led OKL to adopt the naval option. The indifference displayed by OKL to Directive 23 was perhaps best demonstrated in operational directives which diluted its effect. They emphasised the core strategic interest was attacking ports but they insisted in maintaining pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries building aircraft, anti-aircraft guns, and explosives. Other targets would be considered if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions.

Q1: What was the first consideration for the OKL to support Directive 23?
A1: difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production
Q2: What was the second consideration?
A2: the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break
Q3: What did the OKL insist on maintaining?
A3: pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries
Q4: When would other targets be considered available?
A4: if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

Even the Zhonghua Zihai does not include characters in the Chinese family of scripts created to represent non-Chinese languages. Characters formed by Chinese principles in other languages include the roughly 1,500 Japanese-made kokuji given in the Kokuji no Jiten, the Korean-made gukja, the over 10,000 Sawndip characters still in use in Guangxi, and the almost 20,000 Nôm characters formerly used in Vietnam.[citation needed] More divergent descendents of Chinese script include Tangut script, which created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes but different formation principles to Chinese characters.

Q1: What does not include characters in the Chinese family?
A1: Zhonghua Zihai
Q2: What is formed by Chinese principles? 
A2: Characters
Q3: What created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes?
A3: Tangut script
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

Even though most ethnic groups prefer to communicate in their own languages, English as the official language is widely used for education, business transactions and for official purposes. English as a first language is used only by a small minority of the country's urban elite, and it is not spoken at all in some rural areas. Hausa is the most widely spoken of the 3 main languages spoken in Nigeria itself (Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba) but unlike the Yorubas and Igbos, the Hausas tend not to travel far outside Nigeria itself.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the official language of Nigeria?
A1: English
Q2: How much of Nigeria uses English as a first language?
A2: a small minority of the country's urban elite
Q3: What is the most popular language in Nigeria?
A3: Hausa
Q4: What are the top 3 languages in Nigeria?
A4: Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

Even though proportionality is confined to the proportional seats to prevent a part from being overrepresented, several restrictions apply in the assignation of the seats; namely, that no party can have more than 63% of all seats, both uninominal and plurinominal. In the 2006 elections leftist PRD got the absolute majority in the direct uninominal elections, securing 34 of the 40 FPP seats. As such, the PRD was not assigned any plurinominal seat to comply with the law that prevents over-representation. The overall composition of the Legislative Assembly is:

Q1: What is the maximum percentage of seats a single party can control?
A1: 63
Q2: How many seats of the uninominal elections did the PRD get in the 2006 elections?
A2: 34
Q3: Why does the government prevent more than 63% of a party to control the legislature? 
A3: over-representation