LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

A common misperception is that the Supreme Court is the only court that may determine constitutionality; the power is exercised even by the inferior courts. But only Supreme Court decisions are binding across the nation. Decisions of a Court of Appeals, for instance, are binding only in the circuit over which the court has jurisdiction.

Q1: Which courts decisions are binding across the entire United States?
A1: the Supreme Court
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (e.g., anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (e.g., increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (e.g., smiling, frowning, baring teeth), and appraisals of situational cues. One comprehensive theory of emotional arousal in humans has been developed by Jonathan Turner (2007: 2009). Two of the key eliciting factors for the arousal of emotions within this theory are expectations states and sanctions. When people enter a situation or encounter with certain expectations for how the encounter should unfold, they will experience different emotions depending on the extent to which expectations for Self, other and situation are met or not met. People can also provide positive or negative sanctions directed at Self or other which also trigger different emotional experiences in individuals. Turner analyzed a wide range of emotion theories across different fields of research including sociology, psychology, evolutionary science, and neuroscience. Based on this analysis, he identified four emotions that all researchers consider being founded on human neurology including assertive-anger, aversion-fear, satisfaction-happiness, and disappointment-sadness. These four categories are called primary emotions and there is some agreement amongst researchers that these primary emotions become combined to produce more elaborate and complex emotional experiences. These more elaborate emotions are called first-order elaborations in Turner's theory and they include sentiments such as pride, triumph, and awe. Emotions can also be experienced at different levels of intensity so that feelings of concern are a low-intensity variation of the primary emotion aversion-fear whereas depression is a higher intensity variant.

Q1: Along with anger, pride and happiness, what is an example of an emotional label?
A1: fear
Q2: Aside from increased perspiration, what is a physiological change related to emotions?
A2: changes in pulse rate
Q3: Along with smiling and frowning, what is an example of a facial or body movement caused by emotion?
A3: baring teeth
Q4: Who developed a comprehensive theory related to human emotional arousal?
A4: Jonathan Turner
Q5: How many emotional categories did Turner recognize as being founded on human neurology?
A5: four
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

A commonly seen example is the double happiness symbol 囍, formed as a ligature of 喜喜 and referred to by its disyllabic name (simplified Chinese: 双喜; traditional Chinese: 雙喜; pinyin: shuāngxǐ). In handwriting, numbers are very frequently squeezed into one space or combined – common ligatures include 廿 niàn, "twenty", normally read as 二十 èrshí, 卅 sà, "thirty", normally read as 三十 sānshí, and 卌 xì "forty", normally read as 四十 "sìshí". In some cases counters are also merged into one character, such as 七十人 qīshí rén "seventy people". Another common abbreviation is 门 with a "T" written inside it, for 問題, 问题, wèntí ("question; problem"), where the "T" is from pinyin for the second syllable tí 题. Since polysyllabic characters are often non-standard, they are often excluded incharcter dictionaries.

Q1: What characters are often non-standard?
A1: polysyllabic
Q2: What is a commonly seen example?
A2: double happiness symbol
Q3: What is formed as a ligature?
A3: double happiness symbol
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A commutated DC motor has a set of rotating windings wound on an armature mounted on a rotating shaft. The shaft also carries the commutator, a long-lasting rotary electrical switch that periodically reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings as the shaft rotates. Thus, every brushed DC motor has AC flowing through its rotating windings. Current flows through one or more pairs of brushes that bear on the commutator; the brushes connect an external source of electric power to the rotating armature.

Q1: What does the communicator do?
A1: reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings
Q2: What type of current is featured in brushed DC motors?
A2: AC
Q3: Where do brushes get their power?
A3: external
Q4: What is the main feature of the shaft in a commutated DC motor?
A4: rotating
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

A commutator is a mechanism used to switch the input of most DC machines and certain AC machines consisting of slip ring segments insulated from each other and from the electric motor's shaft. The motor's armature current is supplied through the stationary brushes in contact with the revolving commutator, which causes required current reversal and applies power to the machine in an optimal manner as the rotor rotates from pole to pole. In absence of such current reversal, the motor would brake to a stop. In light of significant advances in the past few decades due to improved technologies in electronic controller, sensorless control, induction motor, and permanent magnet motor fields, electromechanically commutated motors are increasingly being displaced by externally commutated induction and permanent-magnet motors.

Q1: What would a rotor do without current reversal?
A1: brake to a stop
Q2: What switches the input of most DC motors?
A2: commutator
Q3: From where is current to the motor supplied?
A3: stationary brushes
Q4: What two motor types are ascendant today?
A4: externally commutated induction and permanent-magnet
Title: Comprehensive_school
Topic: Social sciences and society

A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed]

Q1: What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit?
A1: comprehensive school
Q2: What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions?
A2: selective school system
Q3: What countries used comprehensive schools extensively?
A3: England and Wales
Q4: How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England?
A4: 90%
Q5: What is the German analogue of the comprehensive school?
A5: Gesamtschule
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

A computer does not need to be electronic, nor even have a processor, nor RAM, nor even a hard disk. While popular usage of the word "computer" is synonymous with a personal electronic computer, the modern definition of a computer is literally: "A device that computes, especially a programmable [usually] electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information." Any device which processes information qualifies as a computer, especially if the processing is purposeful.[citation needed]

Q1: All devices that can process information can qualify being called what?
A1: a computer
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

A computer will solve problems in exactly the way it is programmed to, without regard to efficiency, alternative solutions, possible shortcuts, or possible errors in the code. Computer programs that learn and adapt are part of the emerging field of artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Q1: Computer programs that can learn are studied in what field?
A1: artificial intelligence
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to "put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357" or to "add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595." The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers.

Q1: How many numbers can a cell of a computer's memory hold?
A1: a single number
Q2: What is the responsibility of giving significance to what the memory sees as nothing but numbers?
A2: the software's
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

A considerable amount of new knowledge about plant function comes from studies of the molecular genetics of model plants such as the Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana, a weedy species in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The genome or hereditary information contained in the genes of this species is encoded by about 135 million base pairs of DNA, forming one of the smallest genomes among flowering plants. Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, in 2000. The sequencing of some other relatively small genomes, of rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon, has made them important model species for understanding the genetics, cellular and molecular biology of cereals, grasses and monocots generally.

Q1: What was the first plant to have its genome sequenced?
A1: Thale cress, Arabidopsis thaliana
Q2: In what year was this genome sequenced?
A2: 2000
Q3: Why was this plant chosen for sequencing?
A3: one of the smallest genomes
Q4: Why is sequencing done on plants?
A4: understanding the genetics
Q5: What results from  sequencing of DNA pairs?
A5: new knowledge about plant function
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

A converse popular image arose of British people in the Second World War: a collection of people locked in national solidarity. This image entered the historiography of the Second World War in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991). It was evoked by both the right and left political factions in Britain during the Falklands War when it was embedded in a nostalgic narrative in which the Second World War represented aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy. This imagery of people in the Blitz was and is powerfully portrayed in film, radio, newspapers and magazines. At the time it was a useful propaganda tool for home and foreign consumption. Historians' critical response to this construction focused on what were seen as over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity. In the Myth of the Blitz, Calder exposed some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours. What he saw as the myth—serene national unity—became "historical truth". In particular, class division was most evident.

Q1: What view became popular of the British people in WWII?
A1: people locked in national solidarity.
Q2: When did this popular view come to be?
A2: in the 1980s and 1990s, especially after the publication of Angus Calder's book The Myth of the Blitz (1991).
Q3: Political factions in Britain supported what view of Britains in WWII?
A3: aggressive British patriotism successfully defending democracy.
Q4: What was the Historians' critical response to this view?
A4: over-emphasised claims of righteous nationalism and national unity.
Q5: What did Calder try to expose in his book?
A5: some of the counter-evidence of anti-social and divisive behaviours
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A core problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relation between dhyana and insight. Schmithausen, in his often-cited article On some Aspects of Descriptions or Theories of 'Liberating Insight' and 'Enlightenment' in Early Buddhism notes that the mention of the four noble truths as constituting "liberating insight", which is attained after mastering the Rupa Jhanas, is a later addition to texts such as Majjhima Nikaya 36.[page needed]

Q1: A large problem in the study of early Buddhism is the relationship of dhyana and what else?
A1: insight
Q2: Liberating insight is attained after mastering what?
A2: Rupa Jhanas
Q3: Later edition of texts such as what has the Rupa Jhanas?
A3: Majjhima Nikaya
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.

Q1: In their pursuit of more money and power, corrupt dictators often ignore what?
A1: economic and social problems
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

A count may be started at any time that a wrestler's shoulders are down (both shoulders touching the mat), back-first and any part of the opponent's body is lying over the wrestler. This often results in pins that can easily be kicked out of, if the defensive wrestler is even slightly conscious. For example, an attacking wrestler who is half-conscious may simply drape an arm over an opponent, or a cocky wrestler may place their foot gently on the opponent's body, prompting a three-count from the referee.

Q1: At what point can a count be started? 
A1: any time that a wrestler's shoulders are down (both shoulders touching the mat), back-first and any part of the opponent's body is lying over the wrestler.
Q2: What can happen to an arrogant wrestler? 
A2: a cocky wrestler may place their foot gently on the opponent's body, prompting a three-count from the referee.
Q3: What might a partially conscious wrestler do? 
A3: wrestler who is half-conscious may simply drape an arm over an opponent
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

A countout (alternatively "count-out" or "count out") happens when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten (twenty in some promotions) and thus disqualified. The count is broken and restarted when a wrestler in the ring exits the ring. Playing into this, some wrestlers will "milk" the count by sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out. As they were technically inside the ring for a split second before exiting again, it is sufficient to restart the count. This is often referred to by commentators as "breaking the count." Heels often use this tactic in order to buy themselves more time to catch their breath, or to attempt to frustrate their babyface opponents.

Q1: What are a couple other ways to write countout?
A1: "count-out" or "count out"
Q2: What happens during a countout?
A2: when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten
Q3: What will some wrestlers do to take advantage of the countout? 
A3: sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out
Q4: What is the trick of sliding in and then back out of the ring called?
A4: breaking the count.
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

A cover story in BusinessWeek magazine claims that economists mostly failed to predict the worst international economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal examines why economists failed to predict a major global financial crisis. Popular articles published in the mass media have led the general public to believe that the majority of economists have failed in their obligation to predict the financial crisis. For example, an article in the New York Times informs that economist Nouriel Roubini warned of such crisis as early as September 2006, and the article goes on to state that the profession of economics is bad at predicting recessions. According to The Guardian, Roubini was ridiculed for predicting a collapse of the housing market and worldwide recession, while The New York Times labelled him "Dr. Doom".

Q1: Which magazine ran a cover story claiming that most economists failed to the the financial crisis?
A1: BusinessWeek
Q2: The financial crisis of 2007 was the worst economic crisis since which crisis that occurred in the 1930s?
A2: Great Depression
Q3: Which school at University of Pennsylvania examined in their online business journal why economists failed to predict the crisis?
A3: The Wharton School
Q4: Which economist did the New York Times state warned of a crisis as early as September 2006?
A4: Nouriel Roubini
Q5: What was economist Roubini called by the New York Times for predicting a collapse of the housing market?
A5: "Dr. Doom"
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

A culinary staple of North Carolina is pork barbecue. There are strong regional differences and rivalries over the sauces and methods used in making the barbecue. The common trend across Western North Carolina is the use of premium grade Boston butt. Western North Carolina pork barbecue uses a tomato-based sauce, and only the pork shoulder (dark meat) is used. Western North Carolina barbecue is commonly referred to as Lexington barbecue after the Piedmont Triad town of Lexington, home of the Lexington Barbecue Festival, which attracts over 100,000 visitors each October. Eastern North Carolina pork barbecue uses a vinegar-and-red-pepper-based sauce and the "whole hog" is cooked, thus integrating both white and dark meat.

Q1: What is a culinary staple of North Carolina?
A1: pork barbecue
Q2: What cut of pork do those in western North carolina prefer for BBQ?
A2: Boston butt
Q3: What cut of pork do those in Western North Carolina prefer for BBQ?
A3: pork shoulder
Q4: What is another name for Western North Carolina Barbecue?
A4: Lexington barbecue
Q5: How many people visit the lexington Barbecue festival each year?
A5: over 100,000
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

A database built with one DBMS is not portable to another DBMS (i.e., the other DBMS cannot run it). However, in some situations it is desirable to move, migrate a database from one DBMS to another. The reasons are primarily economical (different DBMSs may have different total costs of ownership or TCOs), functional, and operational (different DBMSs may have different capabilities). The migration involves the database's transformation from one DBMS type to another. The transformation should maintain (if possible) the database related application (i.e., all related application programs) intact. Thus, the database's conceptual and external architectural levels should be maintained in the transformation. It may be desired that also some aspects of the architecture internal level are maintained. A complex or large database migration may be a complicated and costly (one-time) project by itself, which should be factored into the decision to migrate. This in spite of the fact that tools may exist to help migration between specific DBMSs. Typically a DBMS vendor provides tools to help importing databases from other popular DBMSs.

Q1: Can a DBMS be transfered to a different DBMS?
A1: ano
Q2: Why would someone attempt to unite two different databases?
A2: primarily economical
Q3: In order to merge, what must the database maintain?
A3: database related application
Q4: What are the important parts of the database related application that should be moved?
A4: conceptual and external architectural levels
Q5: How can a DBMS database migration be made easier?
A5: vendor provides tools
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, SAP HANA, and IBM DB2. A database is not generally portable across different DBMSs, but different DBMS can interoperate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to allow a single application to work with more than one DBMS. Database management systems are often classified according to the database model that they support; the most popular database systems since the 1980s have all supported the relational model as represented by the SQL language.[disputed – discuss] Sometimes a DBMS is loosely referred to as a 'database'.

Q1: What does DBMS stand for?
A1: database management system
Q2: What is the purpose of a DBMS?
A2: to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases
Q3: How are DBMSs classified?
A3: according to the database model that they support
Q4: What is the most popular DBMS?
A4: SQL language
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties. Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and Amer in Egypt, and Sabri al-Asali and Akram al-Hawrani in Syria. Nasser then left for Moscow to meet with Nikita Khrushchev. At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers. Khrushchev was reportedly taken aback and denied he had meant to interfere in the UAR's affairs. The matter was settled as both leaders sought to prevent a rift between their two countries.

Q1: How many members were in the National Assembly?
A1: 600
Q2: How many members of the National Assembly were from Egypt?
A2: 400
Q3: What Soviet leader did Nasser spar with?
A3: Khrushchev
Q4: What did Khrushchev want Nasser to remove the ban on?
A4: Communist Party
Q5: Who were the two National Assembly vice-presidents in Egypt?
A5: Boghdadi and Amer
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

A dearth of field observations limit our knowledge, but intraspecific conflicts are known to sometimes result in injury or death. The screamers (Anhimidae), some jacanas (Jacana, Hydrophasianus), the spur-winged goose (Plectropterus), the torrent duck (Merganetta) and nine species of lapwing (Vanellus) use a sharp spur on the wing as a weapon. The steamer ducks (Tachyeres), geese and swans (Anserinae), the solitaire (Pezophaps), sheathbills (Chionis), some guans (Crax) and stone curlews (Burhinus) use a bony knob on the alular metacarpal to punch and hammer opponents. The jacanas Actophilornis and Irediparra have an expanded, blade-like radius. The extinct Xenicibis was unique in having an elongate forelimb and massive hand which likely functioned in combat or defence as a jointed club or flail. Swans, for instance, may strike with the bony spurs and bite when defending eggs or young.

Q1: What is known to sometimes result in injury or death?
A1: intraspecific conflicts
Q2: What is another name for Anhimidae?
A2: screamers
Q3: What is another name for steamer ducks?
A3: Tachyeres
Q4: What do stone curlews use to punch and hammer opponents?
A4: bony knob on the alular metacarpal
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

A decade into co-education, rampant student assault and harassment by faculty became the impetus for the trailblazing lawsuit Alexander v. Yale. While unsuccessful in the courts, the legal reasoning behind the case changed the landscape of sex discrimination law and resulted in the establishment of Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center. In March 2011 a Title IX complaint was filed against Yale by students and recent graduates, including editors of Yale's feminist magazine Broad Recognition, alleging that the university had a hostile sexual climate. In response, the university formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct.

Q1: What led to Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center?
A1: Alexander v. Yale
Q2: When was a Title IX complaint filed against Yale?
A2: March 2011
Q3: What was the name of the magazine of which multiple editors were involved in the Title IX complaint?
A3: Broad Recognition
Q4: What was the complaint of the editors of Broad Recognition?
A4: the university had a hostile sexual climate
Q5: What did Yale do about the Title IX complaint?
A5: formed a Title IX steering committee to address complaints of sexual misconduct
Title: Circadian_rhythm
Topic: Natural sciences

A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution. Many more genetic components of the biological clock are now known. Their interactions result in an interlocked feedback loop of gene products resulting in periodic fluctuations that the cells of the body interpret as a specific time of the day.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the Drosophila gene the cause of?
A1: sleep disorder FASPS
Q2: What is the Drosophila gene also known as?
A2: period
Q3: What is Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome?
A3: FASPS
Q4: What kind of clock have genetic functions?
A4: biological clock
Q5: What does the body interpret from the gene feedback loop?
A5: time of the day
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around 1,200 kilometres (750 mi), including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. The heavy smog heavily polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially in and around Nanjing, with its AQI pollution Index at "severely polluted" for five straight days and "heavily polluted" for nine. On 3 December 2013, levels of PM2.5 particulate matter average over 943 micrograms per cubic metre, falling to over 338 micrograms per cubic metre on 4 December 2013. Between 3:00 pm, 3 December and 2:00pm, 4 December local time, several expressways from Nanjing to other Jiangsu cities were closed, stranding dozens of passenger buses in Zhongyangmen bus station. From 5 to 6 December, Nanjing issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in North China region. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO2) towards China's east coast.

Q1: When did a thick wave of smog first appear in Central and Eastern China?
A1: 2 December 2013
Q2: How long was Nanjing ranked as "severely polluted" during this wave?
A2: five straight days
Q3: On what days did Nanjing have to issue a Red Alert because of the severe air pollution?
A3: From 5 to 6 December
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit. Detroit's proximity to Windsor, Ontario, provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19. A 2011 study by Walk Score recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities. About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city of Detroit.

Q1: Which city has a lower than usual drinking age?
A1: Windsor, Ontario
Q2: How many suburban residents take in Detroit's entertainment options?
A2: two-thirds
Q3: Who conducted a study about Detroit's walk-ability?
A3: Walk Score
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy and high living standards, Estonia ranks very high in the Human Development Index, and performs favourably in measurements of economic freedom, civil liberties, education, and press freedom (third in the world in 2012). Estonia has been among the fastest growing economies in the European Union and is a part of the World Trade Organization and the Nordic Investment Bank. Estonia is often described as one of the most internet-focused countries in Europe.

Q1: What features describe Estonia as a developed nation?
A1: high-income economy and high living standards
Q2: What standard of living does Estonia rank well in?
A2: the Human Development Index
Q3: What country performs well in evaluation of economic freedom, civil liberties, and education?
A3: Estonia
Q4: What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom?
A4: 2012
Q5: What financial institution is associated with Estonia?
A5: the Nordic Investment Bank
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are characterized by differences in lexicon (vocabulary); slang; patois; pidgins; and argots.

Q1: Along with grammar and pronunciation, what distinguishes a dialect?
A1: vocabulary
Q2: If only the pronunciation differs from the standard language, what term is sometimes used?
A2: accent
Q3: What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary?
A3: jargons
Q4: Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety?
A4: argots
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

A different format, CD-4 (not to be confused with compact disc), by RCA, encoded the front-rear difference information on an ultrasonic carrier, which required a special wideband cartridge to capture it on carefully calibrated pickup arm/turntable combinations. CD-4 was even less successful than the two matrixed formats. (A further problem was that no cutting heads were available that could handle the HF information. That was remedied by cutting at half the speed. Later, the special half-speed cutting heads and equalization techniques were employed to get a wider frequency response in stereo with reduced distortion and greater headroom.)

Q1: What was a major issue with CD-4 technology?
A1: no cutting heads were available that could handle the HF information
Q2: How widespread was the success of CD-4 format? 
A2: even less successful than the two matrixed formats
Q3: What format was less successful than quadraphonic?
A3: CD-4
Q4: What were potential benefits of the CD-4 format?
A4: reduced distortion and greater headroom
Q5: Who created the CD-4 format?
A5: RCA
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas. Approval from mainland Chinese authorities was sought, and the chartered flight departed Taipei at 17:00 CST, May 15 and arrived in Chengdu by 20:30 CST. A rescue team from the Red Cross in Taiwan was also scheduled to depart Taipei on a Mandarin Airlines direct chartered flight to Chengdu at 15:00 CST on May 16.

Q1: Who made a direct chartered cargo flight?
A1: China Airlines
Q2: What date did the cargo flight leave?
A2: May 15
Q3: When did a rescue team depart?
A3: May 16
Q4: How did the move the relief supplies from Taiwan to the stricken area?
A4: chartered cargo flight
Q5: From what airport did the chartered flight leave?
A5: Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
Q6: Where did the chartered flight from Taiwan land?
A6: Chengdu
Q7: What Red Cross team left Taipei on May 16
A7: rescue team
Q8: Where did the Red Cross team from Taiwan land?
A8: Chengdu
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, "Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.

Q1: Why did the Grand Orient de France conclude that Freemasonry shouldn't require religious belief?
A1: Freemasonry was not a religion
Q2: What was removed from the Freemasonry constitution?
A2: existence of God and the immortality of the soul
Q3: Who withdrew recognition from the Grand Orient de France?
A3: United Grand Lodge of England
Q4: What was a possible condition that made the United Grand Lodge of England withdraw it's recognition of the Grand Orient de France?
A4: political tension between France and Britain
Q5: How was the belief of the existance of God and the immortal soul replaced in the constitution?
A5: Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity
Q6: What year was it ruled that Freemasonry was not a religion?
A6: 1875
Q7: What Grand Lodge had a withdrawal of recognition by the United Grand Lodge of England?
A7: Grand Orient of France
Q8: What was a motivation of the Grand Lodge of England's objection?
A8: political tension between France and Britain
Q9: Who disputed the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils?
A9: Grand Orient de France
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

A distinct Greek political identity re-emerged in the 11th century in educated circles and became more forceful after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, so that when the empire was revived in 1261, it became in many ways a Greek national state. That new notion of nationhood engendered a deep interest in the classical past culminating in the ideas of the Neoplatonist philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity. However, it was the combination of Orthodox Christianity with a specifically Greek identity that shaped the Greeks' notion of themselves in the empire's twilight years. The interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity, which was reinforced in the late Medieval and Ottoman Greeks' links with their fellow Orthodox Christians in the Russian Empire. These were further strengthened following the fall of the Empire of Trebizond in 1461, after which and until the second Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29 hundreds of thousands of Pontic Greeks fled or migrated from the Pontic Alps and Armenian Highlands to southern Russia and the Russian South Caucasus (see also Greeks in Russia, Greeks in Armenia, Greeks in Georgia, and Caucasian Greeks).

Q1: What caused the resurface of the Grecian monotony in politics ?
A1: the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204
Q2: When did the nation reestablish itself ?
A2: empire was revived in 1261
Q3: What was the specialty of great Pietho and what is famous for ?
A3: philosopher Gemistus Pletho, who abandoned Christianity.
Q4: What was bolstered by the the final downward spiral of the Empire of Trebizond ?
A4: interest in the Classical Greek heritage was complemented by a renewed emphasis on Greek Orthodox identity
Q5: Which factoring war was on gong in 1828 and shares the of a previous scuttle ? ?
A5: second Russo-Turkish War
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

A distinction can be made between emotional episodes and emotional dispositions. Emotional dispositions are also comparable to character traits, where someone may be said to be generally disposed to experience certain emotions. For example, an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or quickly than others do. Finally, some theorists place emotions within a more general category of "affective states" where affective states can also include emotion-related phenomena such as pleasure and pain, motivational states (for example, hunger or curiosity), moods, dispositions and traits.

Q1: What are emotional episodes defined in contrast to?
A1: emotional dispositions
Q2: What other traits are emotional dispositions similar to?
A2: character traits
Q3: What category is defined to contain pleasure, pain, motivation, moods and dispositions?
A3: affective states
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim as per their accession or state-hood deals. Also one more aspect of Indian federalism is system of President's Rule in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state.

Q1: What is a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism?
A1: asymmetric
Q2: What does Article 370 say?
A2: special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession
Q3: What does Article 371 say?
A3: special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim
Q4: What happens with President's Rule?
A4: the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months
Title: Himachal_Pradesh
Topic: Social sciences and society

A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service and other Himachal state services. Each district is subdivided into Sub-Divisions, governed by a sub-divisional magistrate, and again into Blocks. Blocks consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. A Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.

Q1: Who heads the Himachal Pradesh?
A1: Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate
Q2: Who maintains law and order?
A2: Superintendent of Police
Q3: Who assists the Superintendent of Police?
A3: the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials.
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

A diverse range of indigenous cultures exist in Myanmar, the majority culture is primarily Buddhist and Bamar. Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring countries. This is manifested in its language, cuisine, music, dance and theatre. The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism. Considered the national epic of Myanmar, the Yama Zatdaw, an adaptation of India's Ramayana, has been influenced greatly by Thai, Mon, and Indian versions of the play. Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.

Q1: What are the pervasive culture that is sanctioned in Burma ?
A1: the majority culture is primarily Buddhist and Bamar.
Q2: Have these cultures developed on there own over time ?
A2: Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring countries
Q3: What type of effect did Theravada Buddhism.have on Bamar?
A3: The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism
Q4: What is the connection between an insect that has devotional following and Buddhism ?
A4: Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

A dramatic example of the effect of food processing on a population's health is the history of epidemics of beri-beri in people subsisting on polished rice. Removing the outer layer of rice by polishing it removes with it the essential vitamin thiamine, causing beri-beri. Another example is the development of scurvy among infants in the late 19th century in the United States. It turned out that the vast majority of sufferers were being fed milk that had been heat-treated (as suggested by Pasteur) to control bacterial disease. Pasteurisation was effective against bacteria, but it destroyed the vitamin C.

Q1: What did people who became ill with beri-beri have as their main food source?
A1: polished rice
Q2: What vitamin is removed during the polishing of rice?
A2: thiamine
Q3: Which disease became prevalent among infants in the United States as an effect of processed foods?
A3: scurvy
Q4: What treatment did the milk that was fed to infants undergo to control bacterial disease?
A4: Pasteurisation
Q5: What was destroyed during the pasteurisation of the milk?
A5: vitamin C
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

A elevator of this kind uses a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft" to move the cab upwards and closes the valve in order to keep the cab at the same level. a diaphragm or a piston is used as a "brake" if there's a sudden increase in pressure avove the cab. however, to go down, it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft", allowing the cab to go down by its own weight. this also means that in case of a power failure, the cab will automatically go down. the "shaft" is made of acrilic, is always round, due to the shape of the vacuum pump turbine. in order to keep the air inside of the cab, rubber seals are used. due to technical limitations, these elevators have a low capacity. they usually allow 1-3 passengers and up to 525 lbs.

Q1: What does this type of elevator use to propel the cage?
A1: a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft"
Q2: For sudden surges in pressure above the cab, what is used as a "brake"?
A2: a diaphragm or a piston
Q3: How does it enable the cab to go down by it's own weight?
A3: it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft"
Q4: What is the shaft made of?
A4: acrilic
Q5: How much weight is permitted on a low capacity elevator?
A5: up to 525 lbs
Title: Muslim_world
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran, is a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history. Amir Arsalan was also a popular mythical Persian story, which has influenced some modern works of fantasy fiction, such as The Heroic Legend of Arslan.

Q1: Layla and Majnun is an example of what kind of poetry?
A1: Arabic poetry and Persian poetry
Q2: Which era is Layla and Majnun from?
A2: Umayyad era
Q3: In what century does Layla and Majnun originate?
A3: 7th century
Q4: What kind of story is told in Shahnameh?
A4: a mythical and heroic retelling of Persian history
Q5: Who wrote Shahnameh?
A5: Ferdowsi
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

A famous example of Spielberg working with the same professionals is his long-time collaboration with John Williams and the use of his musical scores in all of his films since The Sugarland Express (except Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie). One of Spielberg's trademarks is his use of music by Williams to add to the visual impact of his scenes and to try and create a lasting picture and sound of the film in the memories of the film audience. These visual scenes often uses images of the sun (e.g. Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, the final scene of Jurassic Park, and the end credits of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (where they ride into the sunset)), of which the last two feature a Williams score at that end scene. Spielberg is a contemporary of filmmakers George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma, collectively known as the "Movie Brats". Aside from his principal role as a director, Spielberg has acted as a producer for a considerable number of films, including early hits for Joe Dante and Robert Zemeckis. Spielberg has often never worked with the same screenwriter in his films, beside Tony Kushner and David Koepp, who have written a few of his films more than once.

Q1: What are the only Spielberg films since Sugarland Express to not have music by John Williams?
A1: Bridge of Spies, The Color Purple and Twilight Zone: The Movie
Q2: What happens at the end of 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'?
A2: they ride into the sunset
Q3: Who are the 'Movie Brats', besides Spielberg?
A3: George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, John Milius, and Brian De Palma
Q4: Who are the only screenwriters Spielberg has worked with on more than one film?
A4: Tony Kushner and David Koepp
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A famous saying by the 8th-century Indian Buddhist scholar-saint Shantideva, which the 14th Dalai Lama often cites as his favourite verse, summarizes the Bodhisattva's intention (Bodhicitta) as follows: "For as long as space endures, and for as long as living beings remain, until then may I too abide to dispel the misery of the world."[citation needed]

Q1: Which Dalai Lama cites Shantideva's famous saying?
A1: the 14th Dalai Lama
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

A fervent follower of the absolutist cause, Elío had played an important role in the repression of the supporters of the Constitution of 1812. For this, he was arrested in 1820 and executed in 1822 by garroting. Conflict between absolutists and liberals continued, and in the period of conservative rule called the Ominous Decade (1823–1833), which followed the Trienio Liberal, there was ruthless repression by government forces and the Catholic Inquisition. The last victim of the Inquisition was Gaietà Ripoli, a teacher accused of being a deist and a Mason who was hanged in Valencia in 1824.

Q1: Who helped repress the supporters of the Constitution and was later executed for it?
A1: Elío
Q2: When was Elio killed?
A2: 1822
Q3: How was Elio executed?
A3: by garroting
Q4: What are the years from 1823-1833 called?
A4: Ominous Decade
Q5: Who was the last person killed by the Inquisition?
A5: Gaietà Ripoli