LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

A more sophisticated MP3 encoder can produce variable bitrate audio. MPEG audio may use bitrate switching on a per-frame basis, but only layer III decoders must support it. VBR is used when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality. The final file size of a VBR encoding is less predictable than with constant bitrate. Average bitrate is VBR implemented as a compromise between the two: the bitrate is allowed to vary for more consistent quality, but is controlled to remain near an average value chosen by the user, for predictable file sizes. Although an MP3 decoder must support VBR to be standards compliant, historically some decoders have bugs with VBR decoding, particularly before VBR encoders became widespread.

Q1: What kind of audio can a sophisticated MP3 encoder produce?
A1: variable bitrate audio
Q2: Which type of decoder must support bitrate switching on a per-frame basis?
A2: layer III
Q3: What do encoders use when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality?
A3: VBR
Q4: Using VBR instead of a constant bit rate encoding makes which part of encoding less predictable?
A4: final file size
Q5: An average bit rate is used when who choses an average value for the encoder to use?
A5: the user
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014.

Q1: What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?
A1: permanent daylight saving time
Q2: Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?
A2: time shifts
Q3: In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?
A3: late
Q4: During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?
A4: 2011 to 2014
Q5: In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?
A5: winter
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as "congenital insensitivity to pain". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others have a reduced life expectancy.[citation needed] Most people with congenital insensitivity to pain have one of five hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (which includes familial dysautonomia and congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis). These conditions feature decreased sensitivity to pain together with other neurological abnormalities, particularly of the autonomic nervous system. A very rare syndrome with isolated congenital insensitivity to pain has been linked with mutations in the SCN9A gene, which codes for a sodium channel (Nav1.7) necessary in conducting pain nerve stimuli.

Q1: An abnormality of the nervous system can render a small number of people insensitive to what?
A1: pain
Q2: What is it known as when someone is born without being able to feel pain because of their nervous system?
A2: congenital insensitivity to pain
Q3: What happens to children with congenital insensitivity to pain?
A3: repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles
Q4: What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain?
A4: reduced
Q5: What gene is responsible for coding for a sodium channel necessary for conducting pain nerve stimuli?
A5: SCN9A
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

A multilateral treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another.

Q1: What is a treaty concluded among several countries?
A1: A multilateral treaty
Q2: Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations?
A2: each party and every other party
Q3: The Treaty of Locarno guarantees each signatory against what from another signatory?
A3: attack
Q4: What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee?
A4: international compacts
Q5: Multilateral treaties are often entered into by countries that share the same what?
A5: region
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks. In World War II, Adolf Hitler kept a base of operation in the Bavarian Alps throughout the war.

Q1: How old was the mummified man discovered at the Austrian-Italian bored?
A1: 5,000 years old
Q2: What culture was well established by the 6th Century BC? 
A2: the Celtic La Tène culture
Q3: Who famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants? 
A3: Hannibal
Q4: What person took an army of 40,000 across the mountain passes? 
A4: Napoleon
Q5: Where was Adolf Hitlers base of operation during World War 2?
A5: Bavarian Alps
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.

Q1: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?
A1: A narthex
Q2: When was the narthex designed?
A2: mid-20th century
Q3: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?
A3: Yevele
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal. Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi) allow train speeds greater than 120 km/h (75 mph). The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Comboios de Portugal (CP), both public companies. In 2006 the CP carried 133 million passengers and 9,750,000 t (9,600,000 long tons; 10,700,000 short tons) of goods.

Q1: Into what country does Portugal's railway system expand?
A1: Spain
Q2: What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system?
A2: Comboios de Portugal
Q3: How long is the total railway system in Portugal?
A3: 2,791 km (1,734 mi)
Q4: How long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified?
A4: 1,430 km (889 mi)
Q5: How long is the amount of railway lines that permit speeds greater than 120 km/h?
A5: 900 km (559 mi)
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

A national university is generally a university created or run by a national state but at the same time represents a state autonomic institution which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state. Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, for instance the National University of Ireland in the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information on the Irish language and Irish culture. Reforms in Argentina were the result of the University Revolution of 1918 and its posterior reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system.

Q1: What was a focus of the National University of Ireland during the beginning of Irish Independence?
A1: Irish language and Irish culture
Q2: In what nation did the University Revolution occur?
A2: Argentina
Q3: In what year did Argentina's University Revolution occur?
A3: 1918
Q4: What was the result of the University Revolution in Argentina?
A4: Reforms
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

A necessary condition for the aforementioned reciprocity property is that the materials in the antenna and transmission medium are linear and reciprocal. Reciprocal (or bilateral) means that the material has the same response to an electric current or magnetic field in one direction, as it has to the field or current in the opposite direction. Most materials used in antennas meet these conditions, but some microwave antennas use high-tech components such as isolators and circulators, made of nonreciprocal materials such as ferrite. These can be used to give the antenna a different behavior on receiving than it has on transmitting, which can be useful in applications like radar.

Q1: What must be true of the antenna and transmission medium for the repiprocity rule to apply ?
A1: linear and reciprocal
Q2: What is called when the direction of the elctrical current does not make a difference to the current?
A2: Reciprocal
Q3: What is one material that does not have this quality?
A3: ferrite
Q4: How can the lack of this quality be used in an everyday way?
A4: radar
Title: Digimon
Topic: Video games

A new Digimon series was announced 30 months after the end of Digimon Fusion at a 15th anniversary concert and theater event for the franchise in August 2014. The series announced the return of the protagonists from the original Digimon Adventure series, most of them now as high school students. A countdown clicking game was posted on the show's official website, offering news when specific clicks were met. On December 13, 2014 the series title and a key visual featuring character designs by Atsuya Uki were revealed with Keitaro Motonaga announced as director with a tentative premiere date of Spring, 2015. However, on May 6, 2015, it was announced that tri. would not be a television series, but rather a 6-part theatrical film series. The films are being streamed in episodic format outside Japan by Crunchyroll and Hulu from the same day they premiere on Japanese theaters.

Q1: How long after Digimon Fusion was a new series announced?
A1: 30 months
Q2: When was the 15th year anniversary held for Digimon?
A2: August 2014
Q3: Rather than a TV series, What kind of series would the Digimon become?
A3: 6-part theatrical film series
Q4: Where are you able to watch the new series when it is released?
A4: Crunchyroll and Hulu
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

A new approach to avoiding overhead wires is taken by the "second generation" tram/streetcar system in Bordeaux, France (entry into service of the first line in December 2003; original system discontinued in 1958) with its APS (alimentation par sol – ground current feed). This involves a third rail which is flush with the surface like the tops of the running rails. The circuit is divided into segments with each segment energized in turn by sensors from the car as it passes over it, the remainder of the third rail remaining "dead". Since each energized segment is completely covered by the lengthy articulated cars, and goes dead before being "uncovered" by the passage of the vehicle, there is no danger to pedestrians. This system has also been adopted in some sections of the new tram systems in Reims, France (opened 2011) and Angers, France (also opened 2011). Proposals are in place for a number of other new services including Dubai, UAE; Barcelona, Spain; Florence, Italy; Marseille, France; Gold Coast, Australia; Washington, D.C., U.S.A.; Brasília, Brazil and Tours, France.

Q1: What year the "second generation" of tram system began to operate in France?
A1: 2003
Q2: When was the original system discontinued?
A2: 1958
Q3: How is the circuit of the third rail divided?
A3: energized segment
Q4: Does energized segment of third rail pose the threat to pedestrians if uncovered?
A4: no danger
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals –  some of them far-reaching –  for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers.

Q1: What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?
A1: new delimitation of the federal territory
Q2: What have experts advocated in regards to delimitation?
A2: a reduction of the number of states
Q3: What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers?
A3: Territorial reform
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He summarizes the main arguments for boundary reform in Germany: "... the German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation and pay for it from own source revenues. Too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated ...". But several proposals have failed so far; territorial reform remains a controversial topic in German politics and public perception.

Q1: What keeps being debated in Germany?
A1: delimitation of the federal territory
Q2: What does Gunlick remark that the German System of  dual federalism requires strong Länder to have other than the capacity to implement legislation?
A2: pay for it from own source revenues
Q3: How many proposals have failed so far?
A3: several
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after listening to the entire text. Henry decided that "the repetition of so grievous a Story and the recital of so infamous a crime" in his presence "might reopen a Wound already closing in the Royal Bosom". Therefore, parliament inserted a clause into the Act of Attainder, providing that assent granted by Commissioners "is and ever was and ever shall be, as good" as assent granted by the sovereign personally. The procedure was used only five times during the 16th century, but more often during the 17th and 18th centuries, especially when George III's health began to deteriorate. Queen Victoria became the last monarch to personally grant assent in 1854.

Q1: Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife?
A1: committing adultery
Q2: What was Henry VIII trying to avoid by creating a new procedure for granting assent?
A2: listening to the entire text
Q3: How many times in the 16th century was assent granted by Commissioners?
A3: five
Q4: Who was the last monarch to grant assent personally?
A4: Queen Victoria
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open "superclubs" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard "Humpty" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered "ahead of their time" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century.

Q1: where was a new type of club called Cream located?
A1: Liverpool
Q2: what was a new subgenre of house in chicago, developed by bad boy bill and others, called?
A2: Chicago hard house
Q3: george centeno, darren ramirez, and martin o. cairo developed a hard house sound in what city?
A3: Los Angeles
Q4: what was another name for hardcore techno from the netherlands?
A4: gabber
Q5: who began opening "superclubs"?
A5: Major record companies
Title: Central_African_Republic
Topic: Geography and places

A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President, proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections, Djotodia signed a decree on 6 April for the formation of a council that would act as a transitional parliament. The council was tasked with electing a president to serve prior to elections in 18 months.

Q1: When was the new Government seated in CAR?
A1: 31 March 2013
Q2: What did the former opposition parties declare?
A2: boycott the government
Q3: Who was refused as new president?
A3: Djotodia
Q4: Who would rule the country temporarily?
A4: a transitional parliament
Q5: How long did the parliament have until the next election?
A5: 18 months
Title: Human_Development_Index
Topic: Social sciences and society

A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks.

Q1: What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?
A1: statistical update
Q2: What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?
A2: an accompanying Human Development Report
Q3: What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008?
A3: up to 2006
Title: Neoclassical_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

A new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 and 1779. This book of engraved designs made the Adam repertory available throughout Europe. The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses. The Works in Architecture illustrated the main buildings the Adam brothers had worked on and crucially documented the interiors, furniture and fittings, designed by the Adams.

Q1: Who began the new phase of neoclassical design?
A1: Robert and James Adam
Q2: Where were the inspirations for the new phase of neoclassicism centered?
A2: Italy and Dalmatia
Q3: What book outlines the new trends of neoclassicism in this phase?
A3: The Works in Architecture
Q4: During the later 18th century the trend of neoclassic design attempted to simplify what styles?
A4: rococo and baroque styles
Q5: This new style was an attempt to give what different feel to design?
A5: lighter and more elegant feel
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted. It is predicted that by 2020, 40% of all GaN LEDs will be made with GaN-on-Si. Manufacturing large sapphire material is difficult, while large silicon material is cheaper and more abundant. LED companies shifting from using sapphire to silicon should be a minimal investment.

Q1: What is being used to produce white LEDs?
A1: wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon
Q2: What size are the wafers used to create white LEDs?
A2: 200-mm
Q3: By using silicon wafers, what is being avoided?
A3: costly sapphire substrate
Q4: What needs to be used to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted?
A4: mirror-like collector
Q5: By what year will% of all GaN LEDs be made with gallium-nitride-on-silicon wafers?
A5: 2020
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain "purification".

Q1: What origin was Leto?
A1: Lydian
Q2: Where was Leto worshipped?
A2: Asia Minor
Q3: What is the origin of Sibyl?
A3: Anatolia
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit or dividends. This is known as the distribution constraint. The decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on.

Q1: What is the definition of a non-profit organization?
A1: purposes are other than making a profit
Q2: What is an NPO also known as?
A2: non-business entity
Q3: What is the purpose of an NPO?
A3: furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view
Q4: What does a non-profit do with the money it takes in, instead of using it for a profit?
A4: further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit
Q5: What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should?
A5: distribution constraint
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other.

Q1: What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?
A1: institutional support
Q2: What language is Scouse a dialect of?
A2: English
Q3: What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects?
A3: The Dialect Test
Q4: Who came up with the Dialect Test?
A4: Joseph Wright
Q5: Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess?
A5: vocabulary
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life."

Q1: What is Adrian Moreira's job title?
A1: senior vice president for adult music
Q2: For what company does Adrian Moreira work?
A2: RCA Music Group
Q3: Who wrote, "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life"?
A3: Corey Moss
Q4: Where was Corey Moss' article published?
A4: MTV's website
Q5: When do adult contemporary stations begin to play Top 40 songs?
A5: after the hits had become established
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they believed to be miraculous moves of God there. These Pentecost-like manifestations have steadily been in evidence throughout the history, such as seen in the two Great Awakenings. Pentecostalism, which in turn birthed the Charismatic movement within already established denominations, continues to be an important force in Western Christianity.

Q1: What modern movement began in the 20th century?
A1: the modern Pentecostal movement
Q2: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement?
A2: Methodist and Wesleyan
Q3: What movement did Pentecostalism create?
A3: the Charismatic movement
Q4: In what city did the modern Pentecostal movement begin?
A4: Los Angeles
Q5: What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement?
A5: urban
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and changed the marketing plan, instituting fixed prices and guarantees that allowed exchanges and refunds, advertising, and a much wider variety of merchandise. The annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860. In 1869 he built much larger building at 24 rue de Sèvres on the Left Bank, and enlarged the store again in 1872, with help from the engineering firm of Gustave Eiffel, creator of the Eiffel Tower. The income rose from twenty million francs in 1870 to 72 million at the time of the Boucicaut's death in 1877. The floor space had increased from three hundred square meters in 1838 to fifty thousand, and the number of employees had increased from twelve in 1838 to 1788 in 1879. Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped; extensive newspaper advertising; entertainment for children; and six million catalogs sent out to customers. By 1880 half the employees were women; unmarried women employees lived in dormitories on the upper floors.

Q1: What store was founded in Paris, in 1838, which sold a wide variety of products? 
A1: Au Bon Marché
Q2: Who became a partner to this store in 1852 and drastically changed operations?
A2: Aristide Boucicaut
Q3: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche after these changes? 
A3: increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860
Q4: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1872
A4: Gustave Eiffel
Q5: What was Boucicaut most widely known for? 
A5: marketing innovations
Title: Brigham_Young_University
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge '81, 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins '51,[citation needed] three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić '73, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette '11, currently with the New York Knicks organization. BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters.

Q1: Which three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer graduated from BYU?
A1: Krešimir Ćosić
Q2: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU?
A2: Ty Detmer
Q3: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU?
A3: Jim McMahon
Q4: Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU?
A4: Mike Weir
Q5: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open?
A5: Johnny Miller
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can get it by scavenging in garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.

Q1: Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs?
A1: toxic
Q2: Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs?
A2: xylitol
Q3: What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?
A3: macadamia
Q4: What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs?
A4: theobromine
Q5: Some human foods can be what to dogs?
A5: toxic
Q6: What in tobacco can hurt dogs?
A6: nicotine
Q7: What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?
A7: dark
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International.

Q1: What congresses were held in Bern?
A1: First and Second Internationals
Q2: In World War I, what side was Switzerland on?
A2: Switzerland was neutral
Title: Somerset
Topic: Geography and places

A number of decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night. They were designed to mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets. One, on the radio beam flight path to Bristol, was constructed on Beacon Batch. It was laid out by Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights, simulating activities like the stoking of steam locomotives. Burning bales of straw soaked in creosote were used to simulate the effects of incendiary bombs dropped by the first wave of Pathfinder night bombers; meanwhile, incendiary bombs dropped on the correct location were quickly smothered, wherever possible. Drums of oil were also ignited to simulate the effect of a blazing city or town, with the aim of fooling subsequent waves of bombers into dropping their bombs on the wrong location. The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941. The following night the Uphill decoy town, protecting Weston-super-Mare's airfield, was bombed; a herd of dairy cows was hit, killing some and severely injuring others.

Q1: Why were decoy towns used in WW2
A1: decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night
Q2: What did the decoy towns mimic 
A2: mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets
Q3: Who layed out  Beacon Batch 
A3: Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights
Q4: What decoy city was hit 
A4: The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941
Title: Renewable_energy_commercialization
Topic: Engineering and technology

A number of events in 2006 pushed renewable energy up the political agenda, including the US mid-term elections in November, which confirmed clean energy as a mainstream issue. Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need not be incompatible with cutting energy consumption. According to a trend analysis from the United Nations Environment Programme, climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices and increasing government support are driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries.

Q1: What made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies?
A1: Stern Review
Q2: In what year did a number of events push renewable energy up the political agenda?
A2: 2006
Q3: What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?
A3: climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices
Title: Tuberculosis
Topic: Natural sciences

A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relatively small studies. However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use 

Q1: What drug in the running to treat multi drug resistant TB has already gotten FDA approval?
A1: Bedaquiline
Q2: What year did the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve bedaquiline?
A2: 2012
Q3: Despite FDA approval, how much more likely to die are patients who take bedaquiline in addition to the standard TB regimen?
A3: five times
Q4: Opposition to the use of bedaquiline think what providers were influenced by a connection with the drug company?
A4: physicians
Q5: What type of publication has put out articles questioning bedaquiline's safety?
A5: medical journal
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

A number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain in some conditions, though the number of patients enrolled in the studies was low, bringing up issues of power to detect group differences, and most lacked credible controls for placebo and/or expectation. The authors concluded that "although the findings provide support for the general applicability of hypnosis in the treatment of chronic pain, considerably more research will be needed to fully determine the effects of hypnosis for different chronic-pain conditions."

Q1: Clinical hypnosis may be effective in doing what with pain associated with surgical procedures in adults and children?
A1: controlling
Q2: How many studies in 2007 found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain?
A2: 13
Q3: What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack?
A3: credible controls for placebo and/or expectation
Q4: What is considerable more research needed to determine for different chronic pain conditions?
A4: effects of hypnosis
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerged during the second half of the 20th Century, including the Dalit Buddhist movement (also sometimes called 'neo-Buddhism'), Engaged Buddhism, and the further development of various Western Buddhist traditions.

Q1: When did a number of modern movement in Buddhism emerge?
A1: second half of the 20th Century
Q2: What is the Dalit buddhist movement sometimes called?
A2: neo-Buddhism
Title: Presbyterianism
Topic: History

A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland.

Q1: When was the earliest Presbyterian churches founded by Scotland in England?
A1: 19th century
Q2: In what year during the Presbyterian movement in England was referred to as the "Disruption"?
A2: 1843
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the sun. The role of Apollo as god of plague is evident in the invocation of Apollo Smintheus ("mouse Apollo") by Chryses, the Trojan priest of Apollo, with the purpose of sending a plague against the Greeks (the reasoning behind a god of the plague becoming a god of healing is of course apotropaic, meaning that the god responsible for bringing the plague must be appeased in order to remove the plague).

Q1: Who is a god of plague?
A1: Aplu
Q2: What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil?
A2: the son of Enlil
Q3: What title was given to the god Nergal?
A3: Akkadian Aplu Enlil
Q4: Who was the Trojan priest of Apollo?
A4: Chryses
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

A number of novel ideas about religion developed with the Enlightenment, including Deism and talk of atheism. Deism, according to Thomas Paine, is the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source. Instead, the Deist relies solely on personal reason to guide his creed, which was eminently agreeable to many thinkers of the time. Atheism was much discussed, but there were few proponents. Wilson and Reill note that, "In fact, very few enlightened intellectuals, even when they were vocal critics of Christianity, were true atheists. Rather, they were critics of orthodox belief, wedded rather to skepticism, deism, vitalism, or perhaps pantheism." Some followed Pierre Bayle and argued that atheists could indeed be moral men. Many others like Voltaire held that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined. That is, since atheists gave themselves to no Supreme Authority and no law, and had no fear of eternal consequences, they were far more likely to disrupt society. Bayle (1647–1706) observed that in his day, "prudent persons will always maintain an appearance of [religion].". He believed that even atheists could hold concepts of honor and go beyond their own self-interest to create and interact in society. Locke said that if there were no God and no divine law, the result would be moral anarchy: every individual "could have no law but his own will, no end but himself. He would be a god to himself, and the satisfaction of his own will the sole measure and end of all his actions".

Q1: According to Thomas Paine, what is the definition of Deism?
A1: the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source
Q2: Which philosopher argued that atheists could indeed be moral men?
A2: Pierre Bayle
Q3: Which philosopher argued that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined?
A3: Voltaire
Q4: Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?
A4: Voltaire
Title: Asthma
Topic: Natural sciences

A number of other health conditions occur more frequently in those with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea. Psychological disorders are also more common, with anxiety disorders occurring in between 16–52% and mood disorders in 14–41%. However, it is not known if asthma causes psychological problems or if psychological problems lead to asthma. Those with asthma, especially if it is poorly controlled, are at high risk for radiocontrast reactions.

Q1: Do other health concerns happen less frequently or more frequently with asthma?
A1: more frequently
Q2: What are three of the other health conditions that occur more frequently with asthma?
A2: gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea
Q3: What other type of disorders are frequent in asthma sufferers?
A3: Psychological disorders
Q4: What are those with asthma that is poorly controll more susceptable to? 
A4: radiocontrast reactions
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

A number of parties have collected survey data, from the public and from experts, to try and gauge the level of corruption and bribery, as well as its impact on political and economic outcomes. A second wave of corruption metrics has been created by Global Integrity, the International Budget Partnership, and many lesser known local groups. These metrics include the Global Integrity Index, first published in 2004. These second wave projects aim to create policy change by identifying resources more effectively and creating checklists toward incremental reform. Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate "the opposite of corruption" – which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption. These approaches compliment the first wave, awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance.

Q1: A second set of corruption metrics has been compiled by Global Integrity and what other organization?
A1: International Budget Partnership
Q2: When was the Global Integrity Index first published?
A2: 2004
Q3: Both companies no longer use what means of collecting of data?
A3: public surveys
Q4: Instead of public surveys, the organizations use what to study corruption?
A4: in-country experts
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.

Q1: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?
A1: substitutes
Q2: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games?
A2: three
Q3: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games?
A3: individual football associations
Title: Pub
Topic: History

A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire, holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England, as it is an 11th-century structure on an 8th-century site. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the "oldest inn in England". It has a claimed date of 1189, based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse; the present building dates from around 1650. Likewise, The Nags Head in Burntwood, Staffordshire only dates back to the 16th century, but there has been a pub on the site since at least 1086, as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book.

Q1: What pub holds the Guinness World Record as the oldest in England?
A1: Ye Olde Fighting Cocks
Q2: In what century was the building occupied by Ye Olde Fighting Cocks built?
A2: 11th
Q3: Where is Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem located?
A3: Nottingham
Q4: When does Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem claim to have been founded?
A4: 1189
Q5: When was a pub documented as existing on the current site of the Nags Head?
A5: 1086