LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: IBM
Topic: History

The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.

Q1: In what year did the company that was to become IBM form?
A1: 1911
Q2: What was the name of the company that eventually became IBM?
A2: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)
Q3: In what year did IBM get its name?
A3: 1924
Q4: What nickname was given to IBM?
A4: Big Blue
Q5: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?
A5: Computing Scale Company
Title: IBM
Topic: History

The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management. As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00 (IBM), Joan Spero '04 (Doris Duke Charitable Foundation), Sidney Taurel '01 (Eli Lilly), and Lorenzo Zambrano '03 (Cemex).

Q1: IBM has how many members on its Board of Directors?
A1: 14
Q2: What board member resigned in November 2010?
A2: Cathie Black's
Q3: What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?
A3: '07
Q4: Kenneth Chenault is affiliated with what company?
A4: American Express
Q5: Who is the most recent member to join the IBM Board of Directors?
A5: Andrew N. Liveris
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.

Q1: when was the bombay trading post established?
A1: 1668
Q2: who commanded the factories owned by the East India company?
A2: factor or master merchant and governor
Q3: how many employees were in the factories in India?
A3: 90
Q4: what were the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras and Bombay castle before they were forts?
A4: major factories
Q5: who helped join the East India company in a joint attack on Portuguese and Spanish ships?
A5: Dutch
Q6: by 1647 how many factories did the company have?
A6: 23
Q7: the east india company changed how it did business by moving from  focusing on royal patronage to what type of business?
A7: commercial trading operations
Q8: when the east india company move to commercial  trading what  company did they surpass?
A8: Portuguese Estado da Índia
Q9: The top or most important factories had what  physical feature in  common?
A9: walled forts
Title: Premier_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, which was originally founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14, with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively. The league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights. In 2014/15, teams were apportioned revenues of £1.6 billion.

Q1: What date was the Premier League formed?
A1: The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992
Q2: How much was the deal worth?
A2: The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14
Q3: Who secured the domestic rights to broadcast games 116 and 38 respectively?
A3: BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively.
Q4: How much revenue does the league generate in domestic and international television rights?
A4: The league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights
Q5: In 2014/15, how much were the teams apportioned in revenues?
A5: In 2014/15, teams were apportioned revenues of £1.6 billion.
Q6: When was the Premier League originally formed?
A6: 20 February 1992
Q7: When was the Football League originally founded?
A7: 1888
Q8: How many games were secured to broadcast by BSkyB?
A8: 116
Q9: How many games were secured to broadcast by BT Group?
A9: 38
Q10: How much income does the Premier League generate per year in worldwide television rights?
A10: €2.2 billion
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system which meets the eligibility criteria. All clubs in the top four levels (the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League) are automatically eligible. Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup, FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions in the previous season. Newly formed clubs, such as F.C. United of Manchester in 2005–06 and also 2006–07, may not therefore play in the FA Cup in their first season. All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium.

Q1: Is the competition open to anyone? 
A1: The competition is open to any club down to Level 10 of the English football league system
Q2: Is there anyone automatically eligible? 
A2: . All clubs in the top four levels (the Premier League and the three divisions of the Football League) are automatically eligible
Q3: Who else can play? 
A3: Clubs in the next six levels (non-league football) are also eligible provided they have played in either the FA Cup, FA Trophy or FA Vase competitions
Q4: Can new clubs play too? 
A4: Newly formed clubs, such as F.C. United of Manchester in 2005–06 and also 2006–07, may not therefore play in the FA Cup in their first season.
Q5: Do I need a stadium to compete? 
A5: All clubs entering the competition must also have a suitable stadium.
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

The competition is open to any eligible club down to Levels 10 of the English football league system - all 92 professional clubs in the Premier League and Football League (Levels 1 to 4), and several hundred "non-league" teams in Steps 1 to 6 of the National League System (Levels 5 to 10). A record 763 clubs competed in 2011–12. The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final. Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds - the minimum number of games needed to win the competition ranges from six to fourteen.

Q1: Who is the competition open too?
A1: any eligible club
Q2: How many clubs competed in 20011-12?
A2: 763 clubs
Q3: How many rounds in the tournament?
A3: 12
Q4: How many games are needed to win?
A4: six to fourteen
Q5: What league can compete?
A5: Premier League and Football League
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The complete list of ten precepts may be observed by laypeople for short periods. For the complete list, the seventh precept is partitioned into two, and a tenth added:

Q1: How many precepts are on the list?
A1: ten
Q2: In the complete list of precepts, which one is partitioned into two?
A2: seventh
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman in 1949 made it possible for a great variety of record companies to get into the business of making long playing records. The business grew quickly and interest spread in high fidelity sound and the do-it-yourself market for pickups, turntables, amplifier kits, loudspeaker enclosure plans, and AM/FM radio tuners. The LP record for longer works, 45 rpm for pop music, and FM radio became high fidelity program sources in demand. Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast and this in turn generated more record sales. The industry flourished.

Q1: When was the business booming for do it yourself sound fanatics?
A1: 1949
Q2: What kind of recordings worked best for pop music?
A2: 45 rpm
Q3: What was used for longer recordings?
A3: LP record
Q4: What opened doors for long recordings?
A4: The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman
Q5: What aided in records sales in the 1950s?
A5: Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

The compression works by reducing the accuracy of certain parts of a sound that are considered to be beyond the auditory resolution ability of most people. This method is commonly referred to as perceptual coding. It uses psychoacoustic models to discard or reduce precision of components less audible to human hearing, and then records the remaining information in an efficient manner.

Q1: What does the compression target in the song?
A1: accuracy
Q2: The targetting focuses on what aspect that is beyond the ability of most people?
A2: auditory resolution
Q3: What is this method commonly referred to as?
A3: perceptual coding
Q4: What kind of model is used in this kind of compression?
A4: psychoacoustic
Q5: These models ensure that the precision is reduced for the components that are what to human hearing?
A5: less audible
Title: Copper
Topic: History

The concentration of copper in ores averages only 0.6%, and most commercial ores are sulfides, especially chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and to a lesser extent chalcocite (Cu2S). These minerals are concentrated from crushed ores to the level of 10–15% copper by froth flotation or bioleaching. Heating this material with silica in flash smelting removes much of the iron as slag. The process exploits the greater ease of converting iron sulfides into its oxides, which in turn react with the silica to form the silicate slag, which floats on top of the heated mass. The resulting copper matte consisting of Cu2S is then roasted to convert all sulfides into oxides:

Q1: What is the average concentration of copper in ores?
A1: 0.6%
Q2: What are most commercial ores?
A2: sulfides
Q3: What does heating copper ore materials with silica remove?
A3: iron
Q4: What happens to the silicate slag  during the flash smelting process?
A4: floats on top
Q5: What do the sulfides convert to after the copper matte is roasted?
A5: oxides
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The concept of 'education through recreation' was applied to childhood development in the 19th century. In the early 20th century, the concept was broadened to include young adults but the emphasis was on physical activities. L.P. Jacks, also an early proponent of lifelong learning, described education through recreation: "A master in the art of living draws no sharp distinction between his work and his play, his labour and his leisure, his mind and his body, his education and his recreation. He hardly knows which is which. He simply pursues his vision of excellence through whatever he is doing and leaves others to determine whether he is working or playing. To himself he always seems to be doing both. Enough for him that he does it well." Education through recreation is the opportunity to learn in a seamless fashion through all of life's activities. The concept has been revived by the University of Western Ontario to teach anatomy to medical students.

Q1: When was the 'education through recreation" applied to childhood?
A1: 19th century
Q2: When was the concept of 'education through recreation' changed and expanded?
A2: 20th century
Q3: What changed when the concept was broadened?
A3: to include young adults
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.

Q1: What can regulatory regions of a gene be far removed from?
A1: its coding regions
Q2: What can coding regions be split into?
A2: several exons
Q3: What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA?
A3: RNA
Q4: What are some gene products?
A4: functional non-coding RNAs
Q5: What is a broad, modern working definition of a gene?
A5: any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product
Title: Group_(mathematics)
Topic: Mathematics

The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies groups in their own right.a[›] To explore groups, mathematicians have devised various notions to break groups into smaller, better-understandable pieces, such as subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups. In addition to their abstract properties, group theorists also study the different ways in which a group can be expressed concretely (its group representations), both from a theoretical and a computational point of view. A theory has been developed for finite groups, which culminated with the classification of finite simple groups announced in 1983.aa[›] Since the mid-1980s, geometric group theory, which studies finitely generated groups as geometric objects, has become a particularly active area in group theory.

Q1: Where did the idea of a group come from?
A1: the study of polynomial equations,
Q2: When was the group notion summed up and solidly settled?
A2: 1870
Q3: What are smaller and easier to understand groups broken down into?
A3: subgroups, quotient groups and simple groups.
Q4: When was announcement for the classification of finite simple groups?
A4: 1983
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducing physical anthropology have rejected race as a valid concept: from 1932 to 1976, only seven out of thirty-two rejected race; from 1975 to 1984, thirteen out of thirty-three rejected race; from 1985 to 1993, thirteen out of nineteen rejected race. According to one academic journal entry, where 78 percent of the articles in the 1931 Journal of Physical Anthropology employed these or nearly synonymous terms reflecting a bio-race paradigm, only 36 percent did so in 1965, and just 28 percent did in 1996.

Q1: What concept's use has declined significantly in the U.S. during the 20th century?
A1: biological race
Q2: The majority of what group in the U.S. has rejected the concept of biological races?
A2: physical anthropologists
Q3: What textbooks introducing anthropology have rejected race as a valid concept since 1932?
A3: college
Q4: How many books out of 33, from 1975 to 1984, rejected race?
A4: thirteen
Q5: What percentage of articles in 1996 employed a bio-race paradigm?
A5: 28 percent
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

The concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. Blackness can be contrasted with "acting white", where black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music, and possibly, from the perspective of a significant number of black youth, academic achievement.

Q1: How is blackness described in the US?
A1: the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values.
Q2: What defines "blackness"?
A2: political orientation, culture and behavior
Q3: What is the opposite of "blackness"?
A3: "acting white"
Q4: How does one "act white"?
A4: black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans
Q5: In what regards can one "act white"?
A5: with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music,
Title: Infrared
Topic: Natural sciences

The concept of emissivity is important in understanding the infrared emissions of objects. This is a property of a surface that describes how its thermal emissions deviate from the ideal of a black body. To further explain, two objects at the same physical temperature will not show the same infrared image if they have differing emissivity. For example, for any pre-set emissivity value, objects with higher emissivity will appear hotter, and those with a lower emissivity will appear cooler. For that reason, incorrect selection of emissivity will give inaccurate results when using infrared cameras and pyrometers.

Q1: What is the term for the property that describes how a surface's thermal emissions deviate from the ideal of a black body?
A1: emissivity
Q2: How will the infrared image of an object with a higher emissivity appear in relation to one with lower emissivity?
A2: hotter
Q3: Along with pyrometers, what devices can receive inaccurate results if emissivity is not set correctly?
A3: infrared cameras
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and is liberated from suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra). To this end, the Buddha recommended viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence.

Q1: What is the goal of the Buddhist path?
A1: liberation
Q2: Upon awakening to the true nature of the self, what is one is liberated from?
A2: suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra)
Q3: Liberation is know as what?
A3: nirvāṇa
Q4: What is the goal of the buddhist path?
A4: nirvāṇa
Q5: In awakening to the true nature of the self, one no longer care about what?
A5: objects
Q6: Buddha recommended viewing thing by how many marks of existence?
A6: three
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

The concept of nobility flourished in New Spain in a way not seen in other parts of the Americas. Spaniards encountered a society in which the concept of nobility mirrored that of their own. Spaniards respected the indigenous order of nobility and added to it. In the ensuing centuries, possession of a noble title in Mexico did not mean one exercised great political power, for one's power was limited even if the accumulation of wealth was not. The concept of nobility in Mexico was not political but rather a very conservative Spanish social one, based on proving the worthiness of the family. Most of these families proved their worth by making fortunes in New Spain outside of the city itself, then spending the revenues in the capital, building churches, supporting charities and building extravagant palatial homes. The craze to build the most opulent residence possible reached its height in the last half of the 18th century. Many of these palaces can still be seen today, leading to Mexico City's nickname of "The city of palaces" given by Alexander Von Humboldt.

Q1: What is a common nickname for Mexico City?
A1: The city of palaces
Q2: How did mexican nobles spend money in Mexico City?
A2: building churches, supporting charities and building extravagant palatial homes
Q3: When did the construction of exuberant houses slow down?
A3: the last half of the 18th century
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial categories were acknowledged, based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color. These types grade into each other like the colors of the spectrum, and no one category stands significantly isolated from the rest. In Brazil, people are classified by appearance, not heredity.

Q1: How are people in Brazil classified?
A1: by appearance
Q2: What country has a complex way of acknowledging race?
A2: Brazil
Q3: How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil?
A3: based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color
Q4: How are people evaluated in Brazil?
A4: like the colors of the spectrum
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

The concept of racial origin relies on the notion that human beings can be separated into biologically distinct "races", an idea generally rejected by the scientific community. Since all human beings belong to the same species, the ECRI (European Commission against Racism and Intolerance) rejects theories based on the existence of different "races". However, in its Recommendation ECRI uses this term in order to ensure that those persons who are generally and erroneously perceived as belonging to "another race" are not excluded from the protection provided for by the legislation. The law claims to reject the existence of "race", yet penalize situations where someone is treated less favourably on this ground.

Q1: What relies on the idea humans can be divided into biologically distinct races?
A1: The concept of racial origin
Q2: What community rejects the idea there are biologically distinct races?
A2: scientific
Q3: Why does the ECRI reject theories based on the existence of different races?
A3: all human beings belong to the same species
Q4: What does the ECRI strive to make sure no one becomes?
A4: excluded from the protection provided for by the legislation
Q5: The law penalizes situations where someone is treated less favourably on the ground of what?
A5: race
Title: Intellectual_property
Topic: History

The concept's origins can potentially be traced back further. Jewish law includes several considerations whose effects are similar to those of modern intellectual property laws, though the notion of intellectual creations as property does not seem to exist – notably the principle of Hasagat Ge'vul (unfair encroachment) was used to justify limited-term publisher (but not author) copyright in the 16th century. In 500 BCE, the government of the Greek state of Sybaris offered one year's patent "to all who should discover any new refinement in luxury".

Q1: Jewish law includes which principle used to justify copyright?
A1: Hasagat Ge'vul (unfair encroachment)
Q2: When did Jewish law recognize copyright?
A2: in the 16th century
Q3: When did Sybaris offer patents?
A3: 500 BCE
Q4: How long was a patent valid in Sybaris?
A4: one year
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

The conceptual view provides a level of indirection between internal and external. On one hand it provides a common view of the database, independent of different external view structures, and on the other hand it abstracts away details of how the data are stored or managed (internal level). In principle every level, and even every external view, can be presented by a different data model. In practice usually a given DBMS uses the same data model for both the external and the conceptual levels (e.g., relational model). The internal level, which is hidden inside the DBMS and depends on its implementation, requires a different level of detail and uses its own types of data structure types.

Q1: What does the conceptual view offer?
A1: a level of indirection between internal and external
Q2: How does the conceptual view handle how data is managed?
A2: abstracts away details
Q3: What type of view does the conceptual view offer?
A3: common
Title: War_on_Terror
Topic: History

The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali.

Q1: When did a Mali conflict begin?
A1: January 2012
Q2: What group were the Mali radicals affiliated with?
A2: al-Qaeda
Q3: When did France provide troops in Mali?
A3: January 2013
Q4: What did France call its Mali operation?
A4: Operation Serval
Q5: What was Operation Serval's goal?
A5: dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali
Title: Chicago_Cubs
Topic: Sports and recreation

The confusion may stem from the fact that Major League Baseball did decide that, should the Cubs make it to the World Series, the American League winner would have home field advantage unless the Cubs hosted home games at an alternate site since the Cubs home field of Wrigley Field did not yet have lights. Rumor was the Cubs could hold home games across town at Comiskey Park, home of the American League's Chicago White Sox. Rather than hold any games in the cross town rival Sox Park, the Cubs made arrangements with the August A. Busch, owner of the St. Louis Cardinals, to use Busch Stadium in St. Louis as the Cubs "home field" for the World Series. This was approved by Major League Baseball and would have enabled the Cubs to host games 1 and 2, along with games 6 and 7 if necessary. At the time home field advantage was rotated between each league. Odd numbered years the AL had home field advantage. Even numbered years the NL had home field advantage. In the 1982 World Series the St. Louis Cardinals of the NL had home field advantage. In the 1983 World Series the Baltimore Orioles of the AL had home field advantage.

Q1: Why did the cubs need to host their home games at an alternative site?
A1: Wrigley Field did not yet have lights
Q2: Where was it rumored that the Cubs could home their home games?
A2: Comiskey Park
Q3: Comiskey Park was the home to what team?
A3: Chicago White Sox
Q4: Who had the home field advantage in 1983?
A4: Baltimore Orioles
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai[clarification needed] is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word "pella" (Pella), stone. Stones played an important part in the cult of the god, especially in the oracular shrine of Delphi (Omphalos). The "Homeric hymn" represents Apollo as a Northern intruder. His arrival must have occurred during the "Dark Ages" that followed the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization, and his conflict with Gaia (Mother Earth) was represented by the legend of his slaying her daughter the serpent Python.

Q1: What does the word Pella mean?
A1: stone
Q2: What represents Apollo as a Northern intruder?
A2: Homeric hymn
Q3: What played an important part in the cult of the god?
A3: Stones
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The connector construction always ensures that the external sheath on the plug makes contact with its counterpart in the receptacle before any of the four connectors within make electrical contact. The external metallic sheath is typically connected to system ground, thus dissipating damaging static charges. This enclosure design also provides a degree of protection from electromagnetic interference to the USB signal while it travels through the mated connector pair (the only location when the otherwise twisted data pair travels in parallel). In addition, because of the required sizes of the power and common connections, they are made after the system ground but before the data connections. This type of staged make-break timing allows for electrically safe hot-swapping.

Q1: Where is the external metallic sheet connected?
A1: typically connected to system ground
Q2: What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal?
A2: This enclosure design
Q3: This type of stage make-break timing allows for what?
A3: electrically safe hot-swapping.
Title: Czech_language
Topic: Language and literature

The consensus among linguists is that modern, standard Czech originated during the eighteenth century. By then the language had developed a literary tradition, and since then it has changed little; journals from that period have no substantial differences from modern standard Czech, and contemporary Czechs can understand them with little difficulty. Changes include the morphological shift of í to ej and é to í (although é survives for some uses) and the merging of í and the former ejí. Sometime before the eighteenth century, the Czech language abandoned a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/ which survives in Slovak.

Q1: When do linguists agree modern Czech originated?
A1: the eighteenth century
Q2: What had Czech developed by the 18th century?
A2: literary tradition
Q3: Journals from the 18th century have no substantial differences from what?
A3: modern standard Czech
Q4: How much difficulty do contemporary Czechs have in understanding material from the 18th century?
A4: little
Q5: What did the Czech language abandon which survives in Slovak?
A5: a distinction between phonemic /l/ and /ʎ/
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a "day and night" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.

Q1: What day is presumed the Crucifixion happened?
A1: Friday
Q2: Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?
A2: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath
Q3: Why do some other scholars argue that it happened on a Wednesday?
A3: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew
Q4: How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb?
A4: three days and three nights
Q5: Was Jesus in the tomb exactly 72 hours?
A5: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

The consensus view in contemporary paleontology is that the flying theropods, or avialans, are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs, which include dromaeosaurids and troodontids. Together, these form a group called Paraves. Some basal members of this group, such as Microraptor, have features which may have enabled them to glide or fly. The most basal deinonychosaurs were very small. This evidence raises the possibility that the ancestor of all paravians may have been arboreal, have been able to glide, or both. Unlike Archaeopteryx and the non-avialan feathered dinosaurs, who primarily ate meat, recent studies suggest that the first avialans were omnivores.

Q1: What are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs?
A1: flying theropods
Q2: What are the closest relatives of flying theropods?
A2: deinonychosaurs
Q3: Dromaeosaurids and troodontids are members of what group?
A3: deinonychosaurs
Title: Swaziland
Topic: Geography and places

The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the African continent. The recent rapid growth in SACU revenues has, however, reversed the fiscal situation, and a sizeable surplus was recorded since 2006. SACU revenues today account for over 60% of total government revenues. On the positive side, the external debt burden has declined markedly over the last 20 years, and domestic debt is almost negligible; external debt as a percent of GDP was less than 20% in 2006.

Q1: What amount of total public spending in Swaziland is going to wages?
A1: 55%
Q2: What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU?
A2: 60% of total government revenues
Q3: What has happened to debt external onus  in Swaziland in the past two decades?
A3: declined markedly
Q4: What percentage of the GDP was represented by outside debt in Swaziland in 2006?
A4: less than 20%
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013.

Q1: What year was the PlayStation 3 released?
A1: 2006
Q2: What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 3?
A2: PlayStation Network
Q3: What was the thinner version of the PS3 called?
A3: Slim
Q4: What year did the Super Slim model hit stores?
A4: 2012
Q5: How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2016?
A5: 85 million
Title: PlayStation_3
Topic: Video games

The console was originally planned for a global release through November, but at the start of September the release in Europe and the rest of the world was delayed until March. With it being a somewhat last-minute delay, some companies had taken deposits for pre-orders, at which Sony informed customers that they were eligible for full refunds or could continue the pre-order. On January 24, 2007, Sony announced that PlayStation 3 would go on sale on March 23, 2007, in Europe, Australia, the Middle East, Africa and New Zealand. The system sold about 600,000 units in its first two days. On March 7, 2007, the 60 GB PlayStation 3 launched in Singapore with a price of S$799. The console was launched in South Korea on June 16, 2007, as a single version equipped with an 80 GB hard drive and IPTV.

Q1: Instead of November, for what month of the following year was the release rescheduled?
A1: March
Q2: What country had to wait until June of 2007 for their PS3?
A2: South Korea
Q3: How big was the hard drive in the single South Korean version?
A3: 80 GB
Q4: What did customers in Singapore pay for the 60 GB PS3?
A4: S$799
Q5: On what date did the PlayStation 3 go on sale in Africa?
A5: March 23, 2007
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

The consolidation of the "hot AC" format contrasted with the near-demise of most other AC formats: Beginning with the 2005-2007 economic downturn and eventual recession most stations went for the more chart-based CHR, along with the top 40, urban and even Latino formats. Diminishing physical record sales also proved a major blow to the AC genre.

Q1: Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations?
A1: the 2005-2007 economic downturn
Q2: Along with CHR, Top 40 and Latino, what format have former AC stations transitioned to?
A2: urban
Q3: What AC format is still viable?
A3: hot AC
Q4: Declining sales of what items harmed the adult contemporary genre?
A4: physical record
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island, the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River, including the Town of Westchester (which had voted in 1894 against consolidation) and portions of Eastchester and Pelham, were annexed to the city. City Island, a nautical community, voted to join the city in 1896.

Q1: When did New York City annex Kingsbridge?
A1: 1873
Q2: When did New York City annex West Farms?
A2: 1873
Q3: When did New York City annex Morrisania?
A3: 1873
Q4: When did New York City annex part of Pelham?
A4: 1895
Q5: When did New York City annex part of Eastchester?
A5: 1895
Title: Swaziland
Topic: Geography and places

The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swaziland was constituted on 9 September 1964. Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up. Elections under this constitution were held in 1967.

Q1: When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?
A1: November 1963
Q2: What is another way to refer to the Swazi National Council?
A2: liqoqo
Q3: When was the Legislative Council of Swaziland first created?
A3: 9 September 1964
Q4: When did elections that provided for a House of Assembly for Swaziland occur?
A4: 1967
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

The constitution of Jordan grants its monarch the right to withhold assent to laws passed by its parliament. Article 93 of that document gives the Jordanian sovereign six months to sign or veto any legislation sent to him from the National Assembly; if he vetoes it within that timeframe, the assembly may override his veto by a two-thirds vote of both houses; otherwise, the law does not go into effect (but it may be reconsidered in the next session of the assembly). If the monarch fails to act within six months of the bill being presented to him, it becomes law without his signature.

Q1: How much time does a Jordinian leader have to sign or veto legislation?
A1: six months
Q2: What majority is required to override a veto from the soverign?
A2: two-thirds
Q3: What happens if the soverign doesn't sign the bill within the six-month time frame?
A3: , it becomes law without his signature
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France, making it the second most-spoken regional language in the country (after Occitan). Like all regional languages in France, however, the transmission of Alsatian is on the decline. While 39% of the adult population of Alsace speaks Alsatian, only one in four children speaks it, and only one in ten children uses it regularly.

Q1: What does the French constitution state for the language in Aslace?
A1: French alone is the official language
Q2: How many adult speakers speak Alsatian according the 1999 INSEE survey?
A2: 548,000
Q3: With Alsatian language on the decline, what is the ration of children using the language regularly today?
A3: one in ten children
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBAR is most commonly used on USN supercarriers as it allows the deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts, especially on ground-attack missions. STOVL is used by other navies because it is cheaper to operate and still provides good deployment capability for fighter aircraft.

Q1: Why do the constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier?
A1: they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched
Q2: What are assisted launch mechanisms primarily used for?
A2: heavy aircraft
Q3: What does CATOBAR allow for?
A3: deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts
Q4: Why is STOVL used by other navies?
A4: it is cheaper to operate
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The construction of cathedrals and castles advanced building technology, leading to the development of large stone buildings. Ancillary structures included new town halls, houses, bridges, and tithe barns. Shipbuilding improved with the use of the rib and plank method rather than the old Roman system of mortise and tenon. Other improvements to ships included the use of lateen sails and the stern-post rudder, both of which increased the speed at which ships could be sailed.

Q1: Along with bridges, tithe barns and town halls, what notable new structures were built during this period?
A1: houses
Q2: What method, derived from the Romans, was traditionally used to build ships?
A2: mortise and tenon
Q3: What new shipbuilding method was invented in this period?
A3: rib and plank
Q4: What type of rudder was introduced during this period?
A4: stern-post
Q5: What type of sails were first used during this era?
A5: lateen
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

The consuls of the Roman Republic were the highest ranking ordinary magistrates; each consul served for one year. Consuls had supreme power in both civil and military matters. While in the city of Rome, the consuls were the head of the Roman government. They would preside over the senate and the assemblies. While abroad, each consul would command an army. His authority abroad would be nearly absolute. Praetors administered civil law and commanded provincial armies. Every five years, two censors were elected for an 18-month term, during which they would conduct a census. During the census, they could enroll citizens in the senate, or purge them from the senate. Aediles were officers elected to conduct domestic affairs in Rome, such as managing public games and shows. The quaestors would usually assist the consuls in Rome, and the governors in the provinces. Their duties were often financial.

Q1: Which official had supremacy in both civil and military matters?
A1: Consuls
Q2: Who was responsible for the adminstration of civil laws?
A2: Praetors
Q3: Who was responsible for the handling of the Roman census?
A3: two censors
Q4: How long could an elected censor remain in office for?
A4: 18-month term
Q5: What officer primarily had duties over finance matters?
A5: quaestors
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

The contacts gained through university and American Assembly fund-raising activities would later become important supporters in Eisenhower's bid for the Republican party nomination and the presidency. Meanwhile, Columbia University's liberal faculty members became disenchanted with the university president's ties to oilmen and businessmen, including Leonard McCollum, the president of Continental Oil; Frank Abrams, the chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey; Bob Kleberg, the president of the King Ranch; H. J. Porter, a Texas oil executive; Bob Woodruff, the president of the Coca-Cola Corporation; and Clarence Francis, the chairman of General Foods.

Q1: Aside from his university work, where did Eisenhower gain useful contacts?
A1: American Assembly
Q2: What Continental Oil leader was Eisenhower tied to?
A2: Leonard McCollum
Q3: What was the political orientation of Columbia's teachers?
A3: liberal
Q4: What state was Frank Abrams' oil company located in?
A4: New Jersey
Q5: From where did H.J. Porter hale?
A5: Texas
Title: Liberal_Party_of_Australia
Topic: History

The contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.

Q1: What is economic liberalism sometimes also referred to?
A1: New Right
Q2: Does the Liberal Party of Australia consider itself socialist or anti-socialist?
A2: anti-socialist
Q3: Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?
A3: Robert Menzies
Q4: Who founded Australia's liberal party?
A4: Robert Menzies
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

The content including match outcomes is choreographed and the combative actions and reactions are executed in special manners designed to both protect from, yet simulate, pain. These facts were once kept highly secret, but they are now openly declared as the truth. By and large, the true nature of the content is ignored by the performing promotion in official media in order to sustain and promote the willing suspension of disbelief for the audience by maintaining an aura of verisimilitude. Fan communications by individual wrestlers and promotions through outside media (i.e., interviews) will often directly acknowledge the fictional nature of the spectacle.

Q1: How are the actions conducted?
A1: the combative actions and reactions are executed in special manners designed to both protect from, yet simulate, pain
Q2: What are the fan encouraged to do?
A2: willing suspension of disbelief for the audience
Q3: How is the end result of the match planned out?
A3: match outcomes is choreographed
Q4: What do wrestlers have to say about the realness or fakeness of the matches?
A4: will often directly acknowledge the fictional nature of the spectacle.