LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Pub
Topic: History

There was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differences between parishes; in the 1960s, at closing time in Kensington at 10:30 pm, drinkers would rush over the parish boundary to be in good time for "Last Orders" in Knightsbridge before 11 pm, a practice observed in many pubs adjoining licensing area boundaries. Some Scottish and Welsh parishes remained officially "dry" on Sundays (although often this merely required knocking at the back door of the pub). These restricted opening hours led to the tradition of lock-ins.

Q1: What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Kensington in the 1960s?
A1: 10:30 pm
Q2: What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Knightsbridge in the 1960s?
A2: 11 pm
Q3: What is an example of an English city where breweries were run by the government?
A3: Carlisle
Q4: In what year did the State Management Scheme cease?
A4: 1973
Q5: On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'?
A5: Sundays
Title: Pub
Topic: History

There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits.

Q1: In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?
A1: ale
Q2: In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in England?
A2: 17th
Q3: What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses?
A3: the crown
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

There was also another government institution called Imperial Household Department which was unique to the Qing dynasty. It was established before the fall of the Ming, but it became mature only after 1661, following the death of the Shunzhi Emperor and the accession of his son, the Kangxi Emperor. The department's original purpose was to manage the internal affairs of the imperial family and the activities of the inner palace (in which tasks it largely replaced eunuchs), but it also played an important role in Qing relations with Tibet and Mongolia, engaged in trading activities (jade, ginseng, salt, furs, etc.), managed textile factories in the Jiangnan region, and even published books. Relations with the Salt Superintendents and salt merchants, such as those at Yangzhou, were particularly lucrative, especially since they were direct, and did not go through absorptive layers of bureaucracy. The department was manned by booi,[o] or "bondservants," from the Upper Three Banners. By the 19th century, it managed the activities of at least 56 subagencies.

Q1: Which emperor followed Shunzhi?
A1: Kangxi
Q2: Where were textile factories located?
A2: Jiangnan region
Q3: What did China trade with Tibet and Mongolia?
A3: jade, ginseng, salt, furs
Title: Raleigh,_North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

There were 112,608 households in the city in 2000, of which 26.5% included children below the age of 18, 39.5% were composed of married couples living together, 11.4% reported a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% classified themselves as nonfamily. Unmarried partners were present in 2.2% of households. In addition, 33.1% of all households were composed of individuals living alone, of which 6.2% was someone 65 years of age or older. The average household size in Raleigh was 2.30 persons, and the average family size was 2.97 persons.

Q1: What percent of households had children in 2000?
A1: 26.5%
Q2: 39.5% of the households comprised of what?
A2: married couples living together
Q3: How many people lived alone in 2000?
A3: 33.1%
Q4: How many households had someone 65 or older?
A4: 6.2%
Q5: What was the average family size?
A5: 2.97 persons.
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

There were 13 finalists this season, but two were eliminated in the first result show of the finals. A new feature introduced was the "Judges' Save", and Matt Giraud was saved from elimination at the top seven by the judges when he received the fewest votes. The next week, Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai were eliminated.

Q1: How many finalists were there on season eight of American Idol?
A1: 13
Q2: Who was the first contestant to benefit from the Judges Save?
A2: Matt Giraud
Q3: How many contestants were eliminated during the first week after the judges save?
A3: two
Q4: How many contestants were sent home during the first week of finals?
A4: two
Q5: Who was sent home the week after the judges saved Matt Giraud?
A5: Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai
Q6: How many finalists were on this season?
A6: 13
Q7: How many finalists were eliminated during the first results show?
A7: two
Q8: Which contestant was saved with the first Judges' Save?
A8: Matt Giraud
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

There were 15,504 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.9% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.34.

Q1: How many households were there in Atlantic City during the 2010 United States Census?
A1: 15,504
Q2: What percentage of households in Atlantic City had children under the age of 18 living with them?
A2: 27.3%
Q3: What percentage of households in Atlantic City were comprised of non-families?
A3: 44.8%
Q4: What percentage of households in Atlantic City were made up of individuals?
A4: 37.5%
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

There were 15,848 households out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.8% were married couples living together, 23.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.1% were non-families. 37.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.26.

Q1: How many households had children under the age of 18 living with them?
A1: 27.7%
Q2: How many households were there in Atlantic City?
A2: 15,848
Q3: How many households were made up of individuals?
A3: 37.2%
Q4: What was the average household size in Atlantic City?
A4: 2.46
Q5: What was the average family size in Atlantic City?
A5: 3.26
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

There were 230,233 households, 29.4% of which had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.4% were non-families. One person households account for 30.5% of all households and 8.7% of all households had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.11.

Q1: How many households were in Oklahoma city?
A1: 230,233
Q2: What demographic was the most percentage of the households in total?
A2: married couples
Q3: What is the average size for households?
A3: 2.47
Q4: What is the average size for families?
A4: 3.11
Q5: What is the second highest demographic for households?
A5: non-families
Title: Santa_Monica,_California
Topic: Geography and places

There were 46,917 households, out of which 7,835 (16.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,092 (27.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,510 (7.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,327 (2.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,867 (6.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 416 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 22,716 households (48.4%) were made up of individuals and 5,551 (11.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.87. There were 17,929 families (38.2% of all households); the average family size was 2.79.

Q1: What was the total average family size?
A1: 2.79
Q2: What percent of households were made of one person?
A2: 48.4%
Q3: What percent of households had someone over 65 living in it?
A3: 11.8%
Q4: Roughly how many same-sex couples were there?
A4: 416
Q5: What percent of household have children under 18?
A5: 16.7%
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

There were 72.1 million visitors to the city's museums and monuments in 2013. The city's top tourist attraction was the Notre Dame Cathedral, which welcomed 14 million visitors in 2013. The Louvre museum had more than 9.2 million visitors in 2013, making it the most visited museum in the world. The other top cultural attractions in Paris in 2013 were the Basilique du Sacré-Cœur (10.5 million visitors); the Eiffel Tower (6,740,000 visitors); the Centre Pompidou (3,745,000 visitors) and Musée d'Orsay (3,467,000 visitors). In the Paris region, Disneyland Paris, in Marne-la-Vallée, 32 km (20 miles) east of the centre of Paris, was the most visited tourist attraction in France, with 14.9 million visitors in 2013.

Q1: How many people visited Paris' museums and monuments in 2013?
A1: 72.1 million
Q2: What is Paris' top tourist attraction?
A2: Notre Dame Cathedral
Q3: How many people visited the Louvre in 2013?
A3: 9.2 million
Q4: What is the most popular tourist attraction in Marne-la-Valee?
A4: Disneyland Paris
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for "I do not allow"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik.

Q1: What class was polands nobility?
A1: closed class
Q2: Who could rise into polish ennoblement?
A2: Many low-born individuals
Q3: How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics?
A3: enormous influence
Q4: WHo could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm?
A4: any nobleman
Q5: What is is called to nullify proceedings?
A5: liberum veto
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

There were also 12 cm (4.7 in) (CD size) "single"-style discs produced that were playable on LaserDisc players. These were referred to as CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD). A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of digital audio CD tracks. The original 1989 release of David Bowie's retrospective Sound + Vision CD box set prominently featured a CD-V video of Ashes to Ashes, and standalone promo CD-Vs featured the video, plus three audio tracks: "John, I'm Only Dancing", "Changes", and "The Supermen".

Q1: In contrast to large LD disks, what is the size of a standard CD?
A1: 12 cm (4.7 in)
Q2: What were CD size "single"-style discs called that were compatible with LaserDisc players?
A2: CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD)
Q3: How much video content could be stored on a CD-V disk?
A3: up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content
Q4: What were CD-V's video capacities usually used for?
A4: music video
Q5: Which artist released a music video and three audio tracks on CD-V in 1989?
A5: David Bowie
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending of church and state together can be pleasing to him?" He also observed that when "church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not at all interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued." Thomas Jefferson's influential Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was enacted in 1786, five years before the Bill of Rights.

Q1: What did an established church, even at the state level, have?
A1: opponents
Q2: What was Issac Backus' profession?
A2: Baptist minister
Q3: What region did Isaac Backus come from?
A3: New England
Q4: When did Isaac Backus write against a state sanctioned religion?
A4: 1773
Q5: When was Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom enacted?
A5: 1786
Title: Aspirated_consonant
Topic: Language and literature

There were aspirated stops at three places of articulation: labial, coronal, and velar /pʰ tʰ kʰ/. Earlier Greek, represented by Mycenaean Greek, likely had a labialized velar aspirated stop /kʷʰ/, which later became labial, coronal, or velar depending on dialect and phonetic environment.

Q1: What is the representation for the three places of articulation?
A1: /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
Q2: Earlier Greek was represented by what?
A2: Mycenaean Greek
Q3: Whether a stop was labial, coronal or velar depended on what two things?
A3: dialect and phonetic environment
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

There were even Verdingkinder auctions where children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money from the authorities, thus securing cheap labour for his farm and relieving the authority from the financial burden of looking after the children. In the 1930s 20% of all agricultural labourers in the Canton of Bern were children below the age of 15. Swiss municipality guardianship authorities acted so, commonly tolerated by federal authorities, to the 1960s, not all of them of course, but usually communities affected of low taxes in some Swiss cantons Swiss historian Marco Leuenberger investigated, that in 1930 there were some 35,000 indentured children, and between 1920 and 1970 more than 100,000 are believed to have been placed with families or homes. 10,000 Verdingkinder are still alive. Therefore, the so-called Wiedergutmachungsinitiative was started in April 2014. In April 2014 the collection of targeted at least authenticated 100,000 signatures of Swiss citizens has started, and still have to be collected to October 2015.

Q1: What happened at Verdingkinder auctions?
A1: children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money
Q2: In 1930s how many indentured children were there?
A2: 35,000
Q3: How many Swiss citizen signatures were collected?
A3: 100,000
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:

Q1: How many major HDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's?
A1: four
Q2: Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?
A2: SMPTE
Q3: Who released A Study of High Definition Television Systems?
A3: an SMPTE study group
Q4: In what year was A Study of High Definition Television Systems released?
A4: 1979
Q5: What was released by an SMPTE study group in 1979?
A5: A Study of High Definition Television Systems
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

There were guilds of dyers who specialized in red in Venice and other large Europeans cities. The Rubia plant was used to make the most common dye; it produced an orange-red or brick red color used to dye the clothes of merchants and artisans. For the wealthy, the dye used was Kermes, made from a tiny scale insect which fed on the branches and leaves of the oak tree. For those with even more money there was Polish Cochineal; also known as Kermes vermilio or "Blood of Saint John", which was made from a related insect, the Margodes polonicus. It made a more vivid red than ordinary Kermes. The finest and most expensive variety of red made from insects was the "Kermes" of Armenia (Armenian cochineal, also known as Persian kirmiz), made by collecting and crushing Porphyophora hamelii, an insect which lived on the roots and stems of certain grasses. The pigment and dye merchants of Venice imported and sold all of these products and also manufactured their own color, called Venetian red, which was considered the most expensive and finest red in Europe. Its secret ingredient was arsenic, which brightened the color.

Q1: What plant was used to make the most used red dye in Venice?
A1: Rubia
Q2: Which group in Europe used Kermes dye?
A2: the wealthy
Q3: The wealthiest in Europe used what red dye?
A3: Polish Cochineal
Q4: What dye was known as the Blood of Saint John?
A4: Kermes vermilio
Q5: The Blood of Saint John was made from an insect, which one?
A5: Margodes polonicus
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

There were important quality advances in recordings specifically made for radio broadcast. In the early 1930s Bell Telephone Laboratories and Western Electric announced the total reinvention of disc recording: the Western Electric Wide Range System, "The New Voice of Action". The intent of the new Western Electric system was to improve the overall quality of disc recording and playback. The recording speed was 33 1⁄3 rpm, originally used in the Western Electric/ERPI movie audio disc system implemented in the early Warner Brothers' Vitaphone "talkies" of 1927.

Q1: When was the Western Electric System introduced?
A1: early 1930s
Q2: What two companies worked together to develop the Western Electric System?
A2: Bell Telephone Laboratories and Western Electric
Q3: What system was used by Warner Brothers?
A3: Western Electric system
Q4: What speed was used in the Western Electric System?
A4: 33 1⁄3 rpm
Q5: What was the Western Electric System believed to do?
A5: improve the overall quality
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

There were no anamorphic LaserDisc titles available in the US except for promotional purposes. Upon purchase of a Toshiba 16:9 television viewers had the option of selecting a number of Warner Bros. 16:9 films. Titles include Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy. The Japanese lineup of titles was different. A series of releases under the banner "SQUEEZE LD" from Pioneer of mostly Carolco titles included Basic Instinct, Stargate, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Showgirls, Cutthroat Island, and Cliffhanger. Terminator 2 was released twice in Squeeze LD, the second release being THX certified and a notable improvement over the first.

Q1: Which movie was released twice on Squeeze LD?
A1: Terminator 2
Q2: What improvement was added to Terminator 2's second Squeeze LD release?
A2: THX certified
Q3: What Warner Brothers films were available in 16:9 aspect ratio Squeeze LDs?
A3: Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy
Q4: What films were available for Japanese market Squeeze LDs?
A4: Basic Instinct, Stargate, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Showgirls, Cutthroat Island, and Cliffhanger
Title: Central_Intelligence_Agency
Topic: Geography and places

There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39.2 billion in 2016). There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44 billion, and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4 billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8 billion for the CIA. After the Marshall Plan was approved, appropriating $13.7 billion over five years, 5% of those funds or $685 million were made available to the CIA.

Q1: What was the first year the CIA's budget was disclosed?
A1: 1963
Q2: Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005?
A2: Mary Margaret Graham
Q3: What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994?
A3: Congress
Q4: What plan appropriated $13.7 billion over five years?
A4: the Marshall Plan
Q5: What percent of the $13.7 billion did the CIA receive?
A5: 5%
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

There were serious scientific objections to the process of natural selection as the key mechanism of evolution, including Karl von Nägeli's insistence that a trivial characteristic with no adaptive advantage could not be developed by selection. Darwin conceded that these could be linked to adaptive characteristics. His estimate that the age of the Earth allowed gradual evolution was disputed by William Thomson (later awarded the title Lord Kelvin), who calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years. Darwin accepted blending inheritance, but Fleeming Jenkin calculated that as it mixed traits, natural selection could not accumulate useful traits. Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition. Mivart supported directed evolution, and compiled scientific and religious objections to natural selection. In response, Darwin made considerable changes to the sixth edition. The problems of the age of the Earth and heredity were only resolved in the 20th century.

Q1: What justification for his objections to the process of natural selection did Karl von Nägel give?
A1: insistence that a trivial characteristic with no adaptive advantage could not be developed by selection
Q2: What was Darwin's concession to Karl von Nägel's objections?
A2: Darwin conceded that these could be linked to adaptive characteristics
Q3: Who disputed Darwin's estimate that the age of the earth allowed gradual evolution of species?
A3: William Thomson
Q4: What were William Thomson's reasons for disputing Darwin's estimate?
A4: calculated that it had cooled in less than 100 million years
Q5: When were the problems of the earth and heredity resolved?
A5: in the 20th century
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

There were several other kingdoms which ruled over parts of India in the later medieval period prior to the British occupation. However, most of them were bound to pay regular tribute to the Marathas. The rule of Wodeyar dynasty which established the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India in around 1400 CE by was interrupted by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of the 18th century. Under their rule, Mysore fought a series of wars sometimes against the combined forces of the British and Marathas, but mostly against the British, with Mysore receiving some aid or promise of aid from the French.

Q1: To what Kingdom did many small kingdoms pay tribute?
A1: Marathas
Q2: What kingdom was founded in Mysore in 1400 CE?
A2: Wodeyar
Q3: What groups was Mysore fighting in the later half of the 18th century?
A3: British and Marathas
Q4: What country promised aid to Mysore to fight the British?
A4: the French
Q5: Who took over rule of Mysore in the 18th century?
A5: Hyder Ali
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

There were several protests along the torch relay route. Members of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, including pro-democracy activist Szeto Wah, waved novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. They wanted accountability for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the implementation of democracy in Hong Kong. Political activist and Legislative Council member Leung Kwok-hung (Longhair) also joined the protest, saying "I'm very proud that in Hong Kong we still have people brave enough to speak out." Pro-democracy activists were overwhelmed by a crowd of torch supporters with insults like "running dog," "traitor," "get out!," and "I love the Communist Party." At the same time, about 10 members of the Civil Human Rights Front had orange banners calling for human rights improvements and universal suffrage. Onlookers were saying "Aren't you Chinese?" in Mandarin putonghua as they tried to cover the orange banners with a large Chinese national flag. One woman had an orange sign that said, "Olympic flame for democracy", while a man carried a poster with a tank and the slogan "One world, two dreams". A university student and former RDHK radio host Christina Chan wrapped the Tibetan snow lion flag around her body and later began waving it. Several onlookers heckled Chan, shouting "What kind of Chinese are you?" and "What a shame!" In the end, she and some of the protesters were taken away against their will by the authorities via a police vehicle "for their own protection." Chan is currently[when?] suing the Hong Kong government, claiming her human rights were breached. (case number HCAL139/08)

Q1: What did Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China members wave to symbolize democracy?
A1: plastic Olympic flames
Q2: This group wanted accountability for what 1989 event?
A2: Tiananmen Square protests
Q3: Who wrapped a Tibetan flag around her body and later waved it?
A3: Christina Chan
Q4: Who removed Chan from the protest?
A4: police
Q5: Why is Chan suing the Hong Kong government?
A5: her human rights were breached.
Q6: Some people waved plastic inflated flames, saying they symbolize what?
A6: democracy.
Q7: Who was proud that Hong Kong still has brave people speaking out?
A7: Leung Kwok-hung
Q8: What did radio host Christina Chan wear before waving it?
A8: Tibetan snow lion flag
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

There were too few ethnic Manchus to conquer China, so they gained strength by defeating and absorbing Mongols, but more importantly, adding Han Chinese to the Eight Banners. The Manchus had to create an entire "Jiu Han jun" (Old Han Army) due to the massive amount of Han Chinese soldiers which were absorbed into the Eight Banners by both capture and defection, Ming artillery was responsible for many victories against the Manchus, so the Manchus established an artillery corps made out of Han Chinese soldiers in 1641 and the swelling of Han Chinese numbers in the Eight Banners led in 1642 of all Eight Han Banners being created. It was defected Ming Han Chinese armies which conquered southern China for the Qing.

Q1: What group did the Manchus take over to add strength to their numbers?
A1: Mongols
Q2: What weapon helped the Ming defeat the Manchus?
A2: artillery
Q3: When did the Manchus create their own artillery?
A3: 1641
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

There were two distinct lines of Enlightenment thought: the radical enlightenment, inspired by the philosophy of Spinoza, advocating democracy, individual liberty, freedom of expression, and eradication of religious authority; and a second, more moderate variety, supported by René Descartes, John Locke, Christian Wolff, Isaac Newton and others, which sought accommodation between reform and the traditional systems of power and faith. Both lines of thought were opposed by the conservative Counter-Enlightenment.

Q1: What was the name of the conservative group opposing the Enlightenment?
A1: Counter-Enlightenment.
Q2: The radical enlightenment was inspired by the philosophy of whom?
A2: Spinoza
Q3: Which Enlightenment philosopher advocated democracy, individual liberty, freedom of expression, and eradication of religious authority?
A3: Spinoza
Q4: Which Enlightenment philosophers sought accomodatin between reform and the traditional systems of power and faith?
A4: René Descartes, John Locke, Christian Wolff, Isaac Newton and others
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

There were two main techniques in Greco-Roman mosaic: opus vermiculatum used tiny tesserae, typically cubes of 4 millimeters or less, and was produced in workshops in relatively small panels which were transported to the site glued to some temporary support. The tiny tesserae allowed very fine detail, and an approach to the illusionism of painting. Often small panels called emblemata were inserted into walls or as the highlights of larger floor-mosaics in coarser work. The normal technique was opus tessellatum, using larger tesserae, which was laid on site. There was a distinct native Italian style using black on a white background, which was no doubt cheaper than fully coloured work.

Q1: What type of mosaic uses small tesserae?
A1: opus vermiculatum
Q2: What was the benefit of using small pieces to create a mosaic?
A2: very fine detail
Q3: What were small panel mosaics known as?
A3: emblemata
Q4: What was the name of the mosaic technique that used larger tesserae?
A4: opus tessellatum
Q5: Why were black and white pieces used in most italian mosaics?
A5: cheaper than fully coloured work
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning as in the early texts, that of being freed from greed, hate and delusion.

Q1: What has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion?
A1: bodhisattva
Q2: If bodhi is attained what do you become?
A2: a buddha
Q3: In theravada buddhism, bodhi and what term have the same meaning?
A3: nirvana
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

Thermal conductivity gauges rely on the fact that the ability of a gas to conduct heat decreases with pressure. In this type of gauge, a wire filament is heated by running current through it. A thermocouple or Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) can then be used to measure the temperature of the filament. This temperature is dependent on the rate at which the filament loses heat to the surrounding gas, and therefore on the thermal conductivity. A common variant is the Pirani gauge which uses a single platinum filament as both the heated element and RTD. These gauges are accurate from 10 torr to 10−3 torr, but they are sensitive to the chemical composition of the gases being measured.

Q1: The fact that gases ability to conduct heat decreases with pressure is used by what form of measurement?
A1: Thermal conductivity gauges
Q2: How is the wire filament in a Thermal conductivity gauge heated?
A2: by running current through it
Q3: What is a Pirani gauge sensitive to?
A3: chemical composition of the gases being measured
Q4: What is a RTD used for on a Thermal Conductivity gauge?
A4: to measure the temperature of the filament
Q5: A Pirani gauge is accurate within what ranges?
A5: 10 torr to 10−3 torr
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night. However, they can be used in cold temperate areas to maintain warmth as well. The size and placement of thermal mass depend on several factors such as climate, daylighting and shading conditions. When properly incorporated, thermal mass maintains space temperatures in a comfortable range and reduces the need for auxiliary heating and cooling equipment.

Q1: Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass?
A1: Thermal
Q2: What is thermal mass?
A2: any material that can be used to store heat
Q3: What are typical thermal mass material?
A3: stone, cement and water
Q4: How is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool?
A4: by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night
Q5: What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass?
A5: climates
Q6: What does thermal mass reduce the need for?
A6: auxiliary heating and cooling equipment
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.

Q1: In what form do thermal mass systems store solar energy?
A1: heat
Q2: What is the system called that can store solar energy in the form of heat?
A2: Thermal mass systems
Q3: What are some of the materials used in thermal storage systems?
A3: water, earth and stone
Q4: What is something that can be accomplished by a thermal mass system?
A4: reduce overall heating and cooling requirements
Title: Glacier
Topic: Natural sciences

Thermally, a temperate glacier is at melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base. The ice of a polar glacier is always below freezing point from the surface to its base, although the surface snowpack may experience seasonal melting. A sub-polar glacier includes both temperate and polar ice, depending on depth beneath the surface and position along the length of the glacier. In a similar way, the thermal regime of a glacier is often described by the temperature at its base alone. A cold-based glacier is below freezing at the ice-ground interface, and is thus frozen to the underlying substrate. A warm-based glacier is above or at freezing at the interface, and is able to slide at this contact. This contrast is thought to a large extent to govern the ability of a glacier to effectively erode its bed, as sliding ice promotes plucking at rock from the surface below. Glaciers which are partly cold-based and partly warm-based are known as polythermal.

Q1: From where is the temperature of a glacier measured?
A1: base alone
Q2: Which type of glacier is above or at freezing at it's interface and is able to slide?
A2: warm-based glacier
Q3: What temperature makes a glacier polythermal?
A3: partly cold-based and partly warm-based
Q4: What temperature determines a polar glacier?
A4: always below freezing point from the surface to its base
Q5: What temperature characteristic determines a temperate glacier?
A5: melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

Thermodynamics divides energy transformation into two kinds: reversible processes and irreversible processes. An irreversible process is one in which energy is dissipated (spread) into empty energy states available in a volume, from which it cannot be recovered into more concentrated forms (fewer quantum states), without degradation of even more energy. A reversible process is one in which this sort of dissipation does not happen. For example, conversion of energy from one type of potential field to another, is reversible, as in the pendulum system described above. In processes where heat is generated, quantum states of lower energy, present as possible excitations in fields between atoms, act as a reservoir for part of the energy, from which it cannot be recovered, in order to be converted with 100% efficiency into other forms of energy. In this case, the energy must partly stay as heat, and cannot be completely recovered as usable energy, except at the price of an increase in some other kind of heat-like increase in disorder in quantum states, in the universe (such as an expansion of matter, or a randomisation in a crystal).

Q1: Thermodynamics divides energy information into what two kinds?
A1: reversible processes and irreversible processes
Q2: What divides energy transformation into two kinds reversible processes and irreversible processes?
A2: Thermodynamics
Q3: A reversible process is one in which this does not happen.
A3: dissipation
Title: Infrared
Topic: Natural sciences

Thermographic cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 900–14,000 nanometers or 0.9–14 μm) and produce images of that radiation. Since infrared radiation is emitted by all objects based on their temperatures, according to the black body radiation law, thermography makes it possible to "see" one's environment with or without visible illumination. The amount of radiation emitted by an object increases with temperature, therefore thermography allows one to see variations in temperature (hence the name).

Q1: What is the range of the electromagnetic spectrum in micrometers?
A1: 0.9–14
Q2: In nanometers, what is the electromagnetic spectrum's range?
A2: 900–14,000
Q3: What law states that infrared radiation is emitted by objects based on temperature?
A3: the black body radiation law
Q4: What happens to the amount of radiation an object emits as temperature increases?
A4: increases
Q5: What type of cameras see infrared radiation?
A5: Thermographic
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

These 4G languages are less procedural than 3G languages. The benefit of 4GL is that it provides ways to obtain information without requiring the direct help of a programmer. Example of 4GL is SQL.

Q1: An example of a 4GL is what?
A1: SQL
Q2: What is the pro of 4GL over a 3G language?
A2: provides ways to obtain information without requiring the direct help of a programmer
Title: Florida
Topic: Geography and places

These American settlers established a permanent foothold in the area and ignored Spanish officials. The British settlers who had remained also resented Spanish rule, leading to a rebellion in 1810 and the establishment for ninety days of the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23. After meetings beginning in June, rebels overcame the Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge (now in Louisiana), and unfurled the flag of the new republic: a single white star on a blue field. This flag would later become known as the "Bonnie Blue Flag".

Q1: What led to the rebellion in 1810 
A1: Spanish rule
Q2: What did the rebellion lead to 
A2: the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23
Q3: What is known as the Bonnie Blue Flag
A3: a single white star on a blue field
Q4: What did the rebels overthrow during the rebellion
A4: Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.

Q1: When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?
A1: the week before Thanksgiving Day
Q2: When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?
A2: after Christmas Day
Q3: When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?
A3: New Year's Day
Q4: When is the earliest an AC station will switch to a Christmas format?
A4: the beginning of November
Q5: What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?
A5: beautiful music and easy listening
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrants, which it feeds to its young. A similar strategy is adopted by the greater noctule bat, which preys on nocturnal passerine migrants. The higher concentrations of migrating birds at stopover sites make them prone to parasites and pathogens, which require a heightened immune response.

Q1: What is hightened during migration?
A1: Predation
Q2: Where do Eleonora's falcon breed?
A2: Mediterranean islands
Q3: What do Eleonora's falcon feed their young?
A3: southbound passerine migrants
Q4: What preys on nocturnal passerine migrants?
A4: the greater noctule bat
Q5: What makes birds prone to parasites and pathogens?
A5: higher concentrations of migrating birds
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of the two buses: USB was designed for simplicity and low cost, while FireWire was designed for high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video. Although similar in theoretical maximum transfer rate, FireWire 400 is faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth in real-use, especially in high-bandwidth use such as external hard-drives. The newer FireWire 800 standard is twice as fast as FireWire 400 and faster than USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth both theoretically and practically. However, Firewire's speed advantages rely on low-level techniques such as direct memory access (DMA), which in turn have created opportunities for security exploits such as the DMA attack.

Q1: These and other differences reflect the differing design goals of what?
A1: two buses
Q2: USB was designed for what?
A2: simplicity and low cost
Q3: FireWire was designed for what?
A3: high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video
Q4: FireWire 400 is faster than what?
A4: USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth in real-use
Title: Geography_of_the_United_States
Topic: Geography and places

These areas contain some spectacular scenery as well, as evidenced by such national parks as Yosemite and Mount Rainier. West of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada is a series of valleys, such as the Central Valley in California and the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Along the coast is a series of low mountain ranges known as the Pacific Coast Ranges. Much of the Pacific Northwest coast is inhabited by some of the densest vegetation outside of the Tropics, and also the tallest trees in the world (the Redwoods).

Q1: What are two national parks located in the mountainous regions?
A1: Yosemite and Mount Rainier
Q2: What is the name of the famous valley located in California?
A2: Central Valley
Q3: What is the name of the famous valley located in Oregon?
A3: Willamette Valley
Q4: What are the low mountain ranges that are located along the pacific coast called?
A4: Pacific Coast Ranges
Q5: What are the tallest trees in the world?
A5: Redwoods
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods. To the north of the city they are grouped mainly in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and to a lesser extreme to the east in the Val-d'Oise department. Other difficult areas are located in the Seine valley, in Évry et Corbeil-Essonnes (Essonne), in Mureaux, Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines), and scattered among social housing districts created by Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative.

Q1: Where are the quartiers sensibles located?
A1: northern and eastern Paris
Q2: What two neighborhoods are the centers of the quartiers sensibles?
A2: Goutte d'Or and Belleville
Q3: Why were these neighborhoods created?
A3: Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions". Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a gender binary conceptualization. Androphilia describes sexual attraction to masculinity; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to femininity. The term sexual preference largely overlaps with sexual orientation, but is generally distinguished in psychological research. A person who identifies as bisexual, for example, may sexually prefer one sex over the other. Sexual preference may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice, whereas the scientific consensus is that sexual orientation is not a choice.

Q1: Whar words may people use for sexual idenity?
A1: pansexual or polysexual,
Q2: What does the American Pyschological Association say sexual orientation refers to?
A2: a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions
Q3: What terms does behavorial science use instead of using gender binary conceptualization?
A3: Androphilia and gynephilia
Q4: What is androphilia used to describe?
A4: sexual attraction to masculinity
Q5: What is gynephilia used to describe?
A5: the sexual attraction to femininity
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

These court categories were not, however, wholly exclusive: for instance, the Islamic courts—which were the Empire's primary courts—could also be used to settle a trade conflict or disputes between litigants of differing religions, and Jews and Christians often went to them to obtain a more forceful ruling on an issue. The Ottoman state tended not to interfere with non-Muslim religious law systems, despite legally having a voice to do so through local governors. The Islamic Sharia law system had been developed from a combination of the Qur'an; the Hadīth, or words of the prophet Muhammad; ijmā', or consensus of the members of the Muslim community; qiyas, a system of analogical reasoning from earlier precedents; and local customs. Both systems were taught at the Empire's law schools, which were in Istanbul and Bursa.

Q1: What were the primary courts of the empire?
A1: Islamic courts
Q2: From what works was Sharia developed?
A2: the Qur'an; the Hadīth
Q3: Whose words contributed to the Islamic Sharia law system?
A3: the prophet Muhammad
Q4: Where were the empire's law schools?
A4: in Istanbul and Bursa.
Q5: What other religious groups went to Islamic courts?
A5: Jews and Christians
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

These critics of the modern separation of church and state also note the official establishment of religion in several of the states at the time of ratification, to suggest that the modern incorporation of the Establishment Clause as to state governments goes against the original constitutional intent.[citation needed] The issue is complex, however, as the incorporation ultimately bases on the passage of the 14th Amendment in 1868, at which point the first amendment's application to the state government was recognized. Many of these constitutional debates relate to the competing interpretive theories of originalism versus modern, progressivist theories such as the doctrine of the Living Constitution. Other debates center on the principle of the law of the land in America being defined not just by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause, but also by legal precedence, making an accurate reading of the Constitution subject to the mores and values of a given era, and rendering the concept of historical revisionism irrelevant when discussing the Constitution.

Q1: Critics of modern separation of church and state note there was official establishment of what in several states at the time of ratification?
A1: religion
Q2: When was the passage of the 14th Amendment?
A2: 1868
Q3: What was recognized by the time the 14th Amendment passed?
A3: first amendment's application to the state government
Q4: What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Living Constitution?
A4: progressivist
Q5: What do some debates center on the law of the land not being just defined by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause but also by what?
A5: legal precedence