LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption. Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century musical albums such as Led Zeppelin IV (1971) and Love Symbol Album (1993); an album cover may potentially contain any graphics, but in writing and other computation these symbols are difficult to use.

Q1: What can be easily coined by writing on paper?
A1: characters
Q2: What can be difficult to represent on a computer?
A2: characters
Q3: What has their been a prominent supply of in the 20th century?
A3: symbols
Title: Marvel_Comics
Topic: Geography and places

While no other Timely character would achieve the success of these "big three", some notable heroes—many of which continue to appear in modern-day retcon appearances and flashbacks—include the Whizzer, Miss America, the Destroyer, the original Vision, and the Angel. Timely also published one of humor cartoonist Basil Wolverton's best-known features, "Powerhouse Pepper", as well as a line of children's funny-animal comics featuring popular characters like Super Rabbit and the duo Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal.

Q1: What cartoon humorist did some high profile stories for Marvel in the early years?
A1: Basil Wolverton
Q2: What was the name of the humorous feature penned by Wolverton?
A2: "Powerhouse Pepper"
Q3: What duo of kid-themed characters were featured in early Marvel issues?
A3: Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal
Q4: What early Marvel character may have been envisioned as a female counterpoint to Captain America?
A4: Miss America
Q5: The most popular early Marvel heroes were collectively and colloquially known as what?
A5: "big three"
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).

Q1: How many universities are within the MSA region?
A1: 2
Q2: What hospital is in the MSA region
A2: Norman Regional Hospital
Q3: How many employees work for Tinker Air Force Base?
A3: 27,000
Q4: How many employees work for Norman Regional Hospital?
A4: 2,800
Q5: How many people work in University of Oklahoma?
A5: 11,900
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

While on one hand the Heian period was an unusually long period of peace, it can also be argued that the period weakened Japan economically and led to poverty for all but a tiny few of its inhabitants. The control of rice fields provided a key source of income for families such as the Fujiwara and were a fundamental base for their power. The aristocratic beneficiaries of Heian culture, the Ryōmin (良民 "Good People") numbered about five thousand in a land of perhaps five million. One reason the samurai were able to take power was that the ruling nobility proved incompetent at managing Japan and its provinces. By the year 1000 the government no longer knew how to issue currency and money was gradually disappearing. Instead of a fully realised system of money circulation, rice was the primary unit of exchange. The lack of a solid medium of economic exchange is implicitly illustrated in novels of the time. For instance, messengers were rewarded with useful objects, e.g., an old silk kimono, rather than paid a fee.

Q1: What crop was a primary source of income during the Heian period?
A1: rice
Q2: What was the name of the beneficiaries of Heian culture?
A2: Ryōmin
Q3: Currency gradually disappeared around what year?
A3: 1000
Q4: What crop became the primary unit of exchange?
A4: rice
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

While on tour Madonna participated in the Raising Malawi initiative by partially funding an orphanage in and traveling to that country. While there, she decided to adopt a boy named David Banda in October 2006. The adoption raised strong public reaction, because Malawian law requires would-be parents to reside in Malawi for one year before adopting, which Madonna did not do. She addressed this on The Oprah Winfrey Show, saying that there were no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulated foreign adoption. She described how Banda had been suffering from pneumonia after surviving malaria and tuberculosis when she first met him. Banda's biological father, Yohane, commented, "These so-called human rights activists are harassing me every day, threatening me that I am not aware of what I am doing..... They want me to support their court case, a thing I cannot do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband." The adoption was finalized in May 2008.

Q1: What was the charity that Madonna was involved in when in Malawi?
A1: Raising Malawi initiative
Q2: When did Madonna adopt David Banda?
A2: October 2006
Q3: What was Banda suffering from when Madonna first met him?
A3: pneumonia
Q4: What was the name of Banda's biological father?
A4: Yohane
Q5: When was the adoption finalized?
A5: May 2008
Title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

While other companies were moving on to 32-bit systems, Rare and Nintendo proved that the SNES was still a strong contender in the market. In November 1994, Rare released Donkey Kong Country, a platform game featuring 3D models and textures pre-rendered on SGI workstations. With its detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music, Donkey Kong Country rivaled the aesthetic quality of games that were being released on newer 32-bit CD-based consoles. In the last 45 days of 1994, the game sold 6.1 million units, making it the fastest-selling video game in history to that date. This game sent a message that early 32-bit systems had little to offer over the SNES, and helped make way for the more advanced consoles on the horizon.

Q1: Which company developed Donkey Kong Country?
A1: Rare
Q2: When was Donkey Kong Country released?
A2: November 1994
Q3: What kind of computers were Donkey Kong Country's graphics rendered on?
A3: SGI workstations
Q4: How many copies of Donkey Kong Country were sold in its first 45 days?
A4: 6.1 million
Q5: How did Donkey Kong Country's quality compare to games on newer consoles?
A5: detailed graphics, fluid animation and high-quality music
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

While outer space provides the most rarefied example of a naturally occurring partial vacuum, the heavens were originally thought to be seamlessly filled by a rigid indestructible material called aether. Borrowing somewhat from the pneuma of Stoic physics, aether came to be regarded as the rarefied air from which it took its name, (see Aether (mythology)). Early theories of light posited a ubiquitous terrestrial and celestial medium through which light propagated. Additionally, the concept informed Isaac Newton's explanations of both refraction and of radiant heat. 19th century experiments into this luminiferous aether attempted to detect a minute drag on the Earth's orbit. While the Earth does, in fact, move through a relatively dense medium in comparison to that of interstellar space, the drag is so minuscule that it could not be detected. In 1912, astronomer Henry Pickering commented: "While the interstellar absorbing medium may be simply the ether, [it] is characteristic of a gas, and free gaseous molecules are certainly there".

Q1: What was originally believed the heavens were filled with?
A1: aether
Q2: Why were experiments done on luminiferous aether in the 19 Century?
A2: "While the interstellar absorbing medium may be simply the ether, [it] is characteris
Q3: Who stated that the character of a gas and free molecule were in ether?
A3: Henry Pickering
Q4: Where are the highest amounts of naturally occurring partial vacuums?
A4: outer space
Q5: What was ether originally thought to be made of?
A5: rigid indestructible material
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.

Q1: Which year was Patrick Hernandez's world tour held?
A1: 1979
Q2: Who did Madonna started seeing when she worked as a back up singer/dancer during Patrick Hernandez's tour?
A2: Dan Gilroy
Q3: What was the name of the band which Madonna and Dan Gilroy started?
A3: Breakfast Club
Q4: When did Madonna leave the Breakfast Club?
A4: 1980 or 1981
Q5: After leaving the Breakfast Club, who did she formed the band Emmy with?
A5: Stephen Bray
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

While pro wrestling is often described simplistically as a "soap opera for males", it has also been cited as filling the role of past forms of literature and theatre; a synthesis of classical heroics, commedia dell'arte, revenge tragedies, morality plays, and burlesque. The characters and storylines portrayed by a successful promotion are seen to reflect the current mood, attitudes, and concerns of that promotion's society (and can, in turn, influence those same things). Wrestling's high levels of violence and masculinity make it a vicarious outlet for aggression during peacetime.

Q1: What is wrestling sometimes called?
A1: "soap opera for males"
Q2: What is wrestling to people during a peaceful time?
A2: vicarious outlet for aggression
Q3: What role does wrestling fill?
A3: past forms of literature and theatre;
Title: Richard_Feynman
Topic: Mathematics

While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heartbreak, that he kept for the rest of his life. ("Please excuse my not mailing this," the letter concluded, "but I don't know your new address.") This portion of Feynman's life was portrayed in the 1996 film Infinity, which featured Feynman's daughter, Michelle, in a cameo role.

Q1: Who was Feynman's wife?
A1: Arline Greenbaum
Q2: Which disease did Arline succumb to?
A2: tuberculosis
Q3: In which year did his wife die?
A3: 1945
Q4: Who played a cameo in a film about Feynman?
A4: Feynman's daughter, Michelle
Q5: What was the name of the film that showed Feynman's life?
A5: Infinity
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good [and] has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them." Even after colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland were granted responsible government, the British government continued to sometimes advise governors-general on the granting of assent; assent was also occasionally reserved to allow the British government to examine a bill before advising the governor-general.

Q1: Which year was royal assent last withheld in the UK?
A1: 1708
Q2: The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch?
A2: George III
Q3: What did the American colonies accuse the monarch of?
A3: refused his Assent to Laws
Q4: In what year was royal assent last witheld in the UK?
A4: 1708
Q5: Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government?
A5: the British government
Q6: To whom did the British government occasionally still advice on the royal assent, although they had their own responsible governments?
A6: colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966) discovered that, after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory, "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'". With episodic memory, individuals are able to recall specific events such as birthday parties and weddings.

Q1: How does short term memory encode information?
A1: acoustically
Q2: How does long term memory encode information?
A2: semantically
Q3: What is episodic memory?
A3: "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'
Q4: If someone where to recall a wedding they had went to a year before, which type of memory would be used?
A4: episodic memory,
Q5: What did Baddeleys test subjects have touble doing?
A5: recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

While slaveholding was slightly less concentrated than in some Southern states, according to the 1860 census, more than 330,000 people, or 33% of the population of 992,622, were enslaved African Americans. They lived and worked chiefly on plantations in the eastern Tidewater. In addition, 30,463 free people of color lived in the state. They were also concentrated in the eastern coastal plain, especially at port cities such as Wilmington and New Bern, where a variety of jobs were available. Free African Americans were allowed to vote until 1835, when the state revoked their suffrage in restrictions following the slave rebellion of 1831 led by Nat Turner. Southern slave codes criminalized willful killing of a slave in most cases.

Q1: In 1860, what percent of the North Carolina population were slaves?
A1: 33
Q2: Where were most of the slaves in North Carolina located?
A2: eastern Tidewater
Q3: What type of land did the slaves live on?
A3: plantations
Q4: How many free people of color lived in NC in 1860?
A4: 30,463
Q5: Where were the free people of color located in north carolina in 1860?
A5: eastern coastal plain
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

While some birds are essentially territorial or live in small family groups, other birds may form large flocks. The principal benefits of flocking are safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency. Defence against predators is particularly important in closed habitats like forests, where ambush predation is common and multiple eyes can provide a valuable early warning system. This has led to the development of many mixed-species feeding flocks, which are usually composed of small numbers of many species; these flocks provide safety in numbers but increase potential competition for resources. Costs of flocking include bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds and the reduction of feeding efficiency in certain cases.

Q1: What are the principal benefits of flocking?
A1: safety in numbers and increased foraging efficiency
Q2: What is a cost of flocking?
A2: bullying of socially subordinate birds by more dominant birds
Q3: What is particularly important in closed habitats like forests?
A3: Defence against predators
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

While some commentators have called for the relocation of Tuvalu's population to Australia, New Zealand or Kioa in Fiji, in 2006 Maatia Toafa (Prime Minister from 2004–2006) said his government did not regard rising sea levels as such a threat that the entire population would need to be evacuated. In 2013 Enele Sopoaga, the prime minister of Tuvalu, said that relocating Tuvaluans to avoid the impact of sea level rise "should never be an option because it is self defeating in itself. For Tuvalu I think we really need to mobilise public opinion in the Pacific as well as in the [rest of] world to really talk to their lawmakers to please have some sort of moral obligation and things like that to do the right thing."

Q1: What do some people want to do with the people of Tuvalu?
A1: relocation
Q2: What did the Tuvalu Prime Minster say was not enough of an immediate threat to cause evacuation of the population? 
A2: rising sea levels
Q3: When did Prime Minster Maatia Toafa make his comments about not evacuating Tuvalu? 
A3: 2006
Q4: What did Enele Sopoaga think evacuation of the people should be?
A4: never be an option
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

While some teams have enjoyed considerable on-field and even financial success, many teams in the history of the league have enjoyed little success either on or off of the field of play. There are a number of franchises which existed in the form of a number of largely-unrelated teams under numerous management groups until they folded (an example is the New York CityHawks whose owners transferred the team from New York to Hartford to become the New England Sea Wolves after two seasons, then after another two seasons were sold and became the Toronto Phantoms, who lasted another two seasons until folding). There are a number of reasons why these teams failed, including financially weak ownership groups, lack of deep financial support from some owners otherwise capable of providing it, lack of media exposure, and the host city's evident lack of interest in its team or the sport as a whole.

Q1: What team did the New York CityHawks become after moving to Hartford?
A1: New England Sea Wolves
Q2: What city did the Sea Wolves move to?
A2: Toronto
Q3: How many seasons were the CityHawks in New York?
A3: two
Q4: How long did the Sea Wolves stay in Hartford?
A4: two seasons
Q5: How many seasons did the Toronto Phantoms last?
A5: two
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

While some, like Spencer, used analogy from natural selection as an argument against government intervention in the economy to benefit the poor, others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, argued that action was needed to correct social and economic inequities to level the playing field before natural selection could improve humanity further. Some political commentaries, including Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872), attempted to extend the idea of natural selection to competition between nations and between human races. Such ideas were incorporated into what was already an ongoing effort by some working in anthropology to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism. Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work. Darwin objected to his ideas being used to justify military aggression and unethical business practices as he believed morality was part of fitness in humans, and he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.

Q1: Who believed that action needed to be taken to level out the social and economic playing field before natural selection could occur to improve humanity?
A1: Alfred Russel Wallace
Q2: Which political commentary attempted to widen the idea of natural selection to include competition between different races of people and countries?
A2: Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics (1872)
Q3: Why were some political commentaries attempting to attach natural selection to human races?
A3: to provide scientific evidence for the superiority of Caucasians over non white races and justify European imperialism
Q4: What uses of his ideology did Darwin object to being used?
A4: to justify military aggression and unethical business practices
Q5: What theory about humanity did Darwin oppose?
A5: he opposed polygenism, the idea that human races were fundamentally distinct and did not share a recent common ancestry.
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal.

Q1: What job was SPielberg offered when he was a student?
A1: Universal Studios
Q2: Who offered Spielberg a contract at Universal Studios?
A2: Sidney Sheinberg
Q3: What short film did Spielberg make for theatrical release?
A3: Amblin
Q4: What did Steven Spielberg do to begin directing TV prouctions for Universal?
A4: dropped out of college
Q5: How did Sidney Sheinberg feel about the film "Amblin'"
A5: impressed
Q6: What studio gave Spielberg an unpaid internship?
A6: Universal Studios
Q7: What department did Spielberg have an unpaid internship with?
A7: editing
Q8: How long was 'Amblin'?
A8: 26-minute
Q9: What was Sidney Sheinberg's position with Universal?
A9: vice president
Q10: How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg?
A10: seven-year
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

While successful predation results in a gain of energy, hunting invariably involves energetic costs as well. When hunger is not an issue, in general most predators will not seek to attack prey since the costs outweigh the benefits. For instance, a large predatory fish like a shark that is well fed in an aquarium will typically ignore the smaller fish swimming around it (while the prey fish take advantage of the fact that the apex predator is apparently uninterested). Surplus killing represents a deviation from this type of behaviour. The treatment of consumption in terms of cost-benefit analysis is known as optimal foraging theory, and has been quite successful in the study of animal behavior. In general, costs and benefits are considered in energy gain per unit time, though other factors are also important, such as essential nutrients that have no caloric value but are necessary for survival and health.

Q1: What makes predation successful?
A1: gain of energy
Q2: Treating the hunt as a cost-benefit scenario is referred to a what?
A2: optimal foraging theory
Q3: In optimal foraging theory, how are costs and benefits measured?
A3: energy gain per unit time
Title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Topic: History

While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landing. "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica (the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacano, the Zapotec, the Mixtec, the Aztec, and the Maya civilizations) and those of the Andes (Inca Empire, Moche culture, Muisca Confederation, Cañaris).

Q1: The term Pre-Columbian technically refers to which era?
A1: before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492
Q2: When was Columbus' first voyage?
A2: 1492
Q3: In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them?
A3: conquered or significantly influenced
Q4: What term is used most often when discussing the great civilizations of the Americas?
A4: "Pre-Columbian"
Q5: What area of the Americas did the Inca Empire, Moche culture and Muisca confederation hail from?
A5: Andes
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

While textual criticism developed into a discipline of thorough analysis of the Bible — both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament — scholars also use it to determine the original content of classic texts, such as Plato's Republic. There are far fewer witnesses to classical texts than to the Bible, so scholars can use stemmatics and, in some cases, copy text editing. However, unlike the New Testament where the earliest witnesses are within 200 years of the original, the earliest existing manuscripts of most classical texts were written about a millennium after their composition. All things being equal, textual scholars expect that a larger time gap between an original and a manuscript means more changes in the text.

Q1: Does the Bible or Plato's Republic have more witnesses?
A1: There are far fewer witnesses to classical texts than to the Bible
Q2: What's the gap between original Christian texts and subsequent editions of the same works?
A2: within 200 years
Q3: What's the gap between original classical texts and subsequent editions of the same works?
A3: about a millennium after their composition
Q4: How does the expanse of time correlate to authenticity with regard to original and subsequent versions of texts?
A4: a larger time gap between an original and a manuscript means more changes in the text.
Title: BBC_Television
Topic: Media and drama

While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved.

Q1: With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D?
A1: Western Europe
Q2: What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free?
A2: Hollywood studios and sporting organisations
Q3: On what service were some shows removed as a result of issues over rights?
A3: Sky Digital
Q4: What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital?
A4: Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football
Title: Armenians
Topic: Geography and places

While the Armenian Apostolic Church remains the most prominent church in the Armenian community throughout the world, Armenians (especially in the diaspora) subscribe to any number of other Christian denominations. These include the Armenian Catholic Church (which follows its own liturgy but recognizes the Roman Catholic Pope), the Armenian Evangelical Church, which started as a reformation in the Mother church but later broke away, and the Armenian Brotherhood Church, which was born in the Armenian Evangelical Church, but later broke apart from it. There are other numerous Armenian churches belonging to Protestant denominations of all kinds.

Q1: Which Armenian church recognizes the Pope?
A1: Armenian Catholic Church
Q2: What broke away from the Armenian Apostolic Church?
A2: Armenian Evangelical Church
Q3: What broke away from the Armenian Evangelical Church?
A3: Armenian Brotherhood Church
Q4: Which Armenian church is the most popular in Armenia?
A4: Armenian Apostolic Church
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era.

Q1: What is the religious name given to the part of the country that includes the Carolinas?
A1: Bible Belt
Q2: What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt?
A2: Baptists
Q3: What was the largest denomination in North Carolina in 2010?
A3: Southern Baptist
Q4: What was the second largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?
A4: United Methodist Church
Q5: What was the third largest denomination in North carolina in 2010?
A5: Roman Catholic
Title: Time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

While the Big Bang model is well established in cosmology, it is likely to be refined in the future. Little is known about the earliest moments of the universe's history. The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of cosmic time. However, these theorems assume that general relativity is correct, but general relativity must break down before the universe reaches the Planck temperature, and a correct treatment of quantum gravity may avoid the singularity.

Q1: The Big Bang model is solidly established in what?
A1: cosmology
Q2: How much is known about the early states of the universe?
A2: i
Q3: Which theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of time?
A3: The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
Q4: These theorems have to assume what theory is correct?
A4: general relativity
Q5: These theorems state that general relatively must break down before what?
A5: before the universe reaches the Planck temperature
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

While the Concordat restored much power to the papacy, the balance of church-state relations had tilted firmly in Napoleon's favour. He selected the bishops and supervised church finances. Napoleon and the pope both found the Concordat useful. Similar arrangements were made with the Church in territories controlled by Napoleon, especially Italy and Germany. Now, Napoleon could win favor with the Catholics while also controlling Rome in a political sense. Napoleon said in April 1801, "Skillful conquerors have not got entangled with priests. They can both contain them and use them." French children were issued a catechism that taught them to love and respect Napoleon.

Q1: The Concodat restored significant power to what position?
A1: the papacy
Q2: Despite the Concordat, the balance of the relationship between the church and state had swung in whose favor?
A2: Napoleon's
Q3: Other than Napoleon, who else found the Concordat to be of use?
A3: the pope
Q4:  The children of France were given a catechism that taught them to love and respect whom?
A4: Napoleon
Q5: In what year did Napoleon say that skilled rulers were able to both control and use priests?
A5: 1801
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

While the Downtown and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront extending toward Grosse Pointe and the Palmer Park neighborhood just west of Woodward. The University Commons-Palmer Park district in northwest Detroit, near the University of Detroit Mercy and Marygrove College, anchors historic neighborhoods including Palmer Woods, Sherwood Forest, and the University District.

Q1: What areas of Detroit contain high rises?
A1: Downtown and New Center
Q2: What is the neighborhood just west of Woodward?
A2: Palmer Park
Q3: What type of neighborhood is Sherwood Forest?
A3: historic
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District. Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District. In place of the municipalities, the Federal District was divided into one "Central Department" and 13 delegaciones (boroughs) administered directly by the government of the Federal District. The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac.

Q1: When were the powers of the municipalities of Mexico City first reduced?
A1: 1903
Q2: When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated?
A2: 1928
Q3: How many boroughs did the city consist of when they were first established? 
A3: 13
Q4: Who first reduced the power of the municipalities of Mexico City?
A4: Porfirio Díaz
Q5: Who led Mexico City?
A5: an appointed governor
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

While the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's army farther off on a distant plateau south of the town of Spicheren, and took this as a sign of Frossard's retreat. Ignoring Moltke's plan again, both German armies attacked Frossard's French 2nd Corps, fortified between Spicheren and Forbach.

Q1: Who commanded the French army at the battle of Worth?
A1: General MacMahon
Q2: Which German divisison did MacMahon engage?
A2: German 3rd Army
Q3: Who commanded the German 1st Army?
A3: Steinmetz
Q4: What did a German patrol spot that led them to believe that Frossard had retreated?
A4: decoy fires
Q5: Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard?
A5: Moltke's
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

While the Ming dynasty traded horses with Tibet, it upheld a policy of outlawing border markets in the north, which Laird sees as an effort to punish the Mongols for their raids and to "drive them from the frontiers of China." However, after Altan Khan (1507–1582)—leader of the Tümed Mongols who overthrew the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony over the steppes—made peace with the Ming dynasty in 1571, he persuaded the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573. This provided the Chinese with a new supply of horses that the Mongols had in excess; it was also a relief to the Ming, since they were unable to stop the Mongols from periodic raiding. Laird says that despite the fact that later Mongols believed Altan forced the Ming to view him as an equal, Chinese historians argue that he was simply a loyal Chinese citizen. By 1578, Altan Khan formed a formidable Mongol-Tibetan alliance with the Gelug that the Ming viewed from afar without intervention.

Q1: Who did the Ming trade horses with?
A1: Tibet
Q2: Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols?
A2: Altan Khan
Q3: Who did Altan Khan overthrow?
A3: the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony
Q4: Who did Altan Khan make peace with?
A4: the Ming dynasty
Q5: Who convinced the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573?
A5: Altan Khan
Title: Supreme_court
Topic: Language and literature

While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court "form part of the law of the land", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. The court sits either en banc or in divisions, depending on the nature of the case to be decided.

Q1: What type of legal system is the Philippines officially?
A1: a civil law nation
Q2: The high court in The Philippines is modeled after what judicial body?
A2: the American Supreme Court
Q3: What document grants the Philippines Supreme Court the right of judicial review?
A3: 1987 Philippine Constitution
Q4: How many justices make up the Philippines Supreme Court?
A4: 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices
Q5: When all judges of a court hear a case at once it is called?
A5: en banc
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

While the Suez Crisis caused British power in the Middle East to weaken, it did not collapse. Britain again deployed its armed forces to the region, intervening in Oman (1957), Jordan (1958) and Kuwait (1961), though on these occasions with American approval, as the new Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's foreign policy was to remain firmly aligned with the United States. Britain maintained a military presence in the Middle East for another decade. In January 1968, a few weeks after the devaluation of the pound, Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his Defence Secretary Denis Healey announced that British troops would be withdrawn from major military bases East of Suez, which included the ones in the Middle East, and primarily from Malaysia and Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and Maldives in 1976.

Q1: When did Britain withdraw from Aden?
A1: 1967
Q2: When did Britain withdraw from Bahrain?
A2: 1971
Q3: When did Britain withdraw from the Maldives?
A3: 1976
Q4: Who was Harold Wilson's Defense Secretary?
A4: Denis Healey
Q5: Where did Britain's army attack in 1961?
A5: Kuwait
Title: Umayyad_Caliphate
Topic: History

While the Umayyads and the Hashimites may have had bitterness between the two clans before Muhammad, the rivalry turned into a severe case of tribal animosity after the Battle of Badr. The battle saw three top leaders of the Umayyad clan (Utba ibn Rabi'ah, Walid ibn Utbah and Shaybah) killed by Hashimites (Ali, Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib and Ubaydah ibn al-Harith) in a three-on-three melee. This fueled the opposition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, the grandson of Umayya, to Muhammad and to Islam. Abu Sufyan sought to exterminate the adherents of the new religion by waging another battle with Muslims based in Medina only a year after the Battle of Badr. He did this to avenge the defeat at Badr. The Battle of Uhud is generally believed by scholars to be the first defeat for the Muslims, as they had incurred greater losses than the Meccans. After the battle, Abu Sufyan's wife Hind, who was also the daughter of Utba ibn Rabi'ah, is reported to have cut open the corpse of Hamza, taking out his liver which she then attempted to eat. Within five years after his defeat in the Battle of Uhud, however, Muhammad took control of Mecca and announced a general amnesty for all. Abu Sufyan and his wife Hind embraced Islam on the eve of the conquest of Mecca, as did their son (the future caliph Muawiyah I).

Q1: How many top leaders of the Umayyads were killed in the Battle of Badr?
A1: three
Q2: Who did the Umayyads fight in the Battle of Badr?
A2: Hashimites
Q3: What do historians see as the first military defeat of Islam?
A3: Battle of Uhud
Q4: Who was the spouse of Abu Sufyan?
A4: Hind
Q5: Who was the son of Abu Sufyan?
A5: Muawiyah I
Title: Warsaw_Pact
Topic: History

While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.

Q1: Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?
A1: NATO
Q2: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment? 
A2: Czechoslovakia
Q3: What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?
A3: Solidarity
Q4: Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment? 
A4: Czechoslovakia
Q5: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively? 
A5: 1989
Q6: What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact?
A6: Solidarity
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

While the book was readable enough to sell, its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction. Unlike the still-popular Vestiges, it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation, though the closing sentence clearly hinted at cosmic progression. Darwin had long been immersed in the literary forms and practices of specialist science, and made effective use of his skills in structuring arguments. David Quammen has described the book as written in everyday language for a wide audience, but noted that Darwin's literary style was uneven: in some places he used convoluted sentences that are difficult to read, while in other places his writing was beautiful. Quammen advised that later editions were weakened by Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics, and recommended the first edition. James T. Costa said that because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay, it was more approachable than the big book on natural selection Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail. He added that some parts of Origin are dense, but other parts are almost lyrical, and the case studies and observations are presented in a narrative style unusual in serious scientific books, which broadened its audience.

Q1: What element of On the Origin of Species ensured that the book would be taken seriously by scientists?
A1: its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction.
Q2: What did On Origin of Species avoid in order to raise its chance of being taken seriously?
A2: it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation
Q3: What reason did David Quammen believe that On the Origin of Species was weakened in later editions?
A3: Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics
Q4: Why did James T. Costa think that On the Origin of Species was more likely to draw interest than a larger book that Darwin had been working on?
A4: because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay
Q5: Why did James T. Costa think the larger, abandoned book would not have been as successful?
A5: would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights cardinals had with regard to their titular churches, though the cardinal's name and coat of arms are still posted in the church, and they are expected to celebrate mass and preach there if convenient when they are in Rome.

Q1: Each cardinal priest has what?
A1: a titular church in Rome
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

While the churches eventually worked out their differences and came to an initial agreement, both Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III refused to back down. Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Empire be placed under his protection. Britain attempted to mediate, and arranged a compromise that Nicholas agreed to. When the Ottomans demanded changes, Nicholas refused and prepared for war. Having obtained promises of support from France and Britain, the Ottomans officially declared war on Russia in October 1853.

Q1: Which two figures refused to back down after the churches worked out their disagreements?
A1: Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III
Q2: Who wanted the Orthodox subjects to be placed under their protection?
A2: Nicholas
Q3: Who arranged the compromise that Nicholas agreed to?
A3: Britain
Q4: Who demanded the changes that Nicholas later refused?
A4: Ottomans
Q5: What month did the Ottomans declare war on Russia?
A5: October
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

While the decision (with four dissents) ultimately upheld the state law allowing the funding of transportation of students to religious schools, the majority opinion (by Justice Hugo Black) and the dissenting opinions (by Justice Wiley Blount Rutledge and Justice Robert H. Jackson) each explicitly stated that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state" or a "separation of Church from State": their disagreement was limited to whether this case of state funding of transportation to religious schools breached that wall. Rutledge, on behalf of the four dissenting justices, took the position that the majority had indeed permitted a violation of the wall of separation in this case: "Neither so high nor so impregnable today as yesterday is the wall raised between church and state by Virginia's great statute of religious freedom and the First Amendment, now made applicable to all the states by the Fourteenth." Writing separately, Justice Jackson argued that "[T]here are no good grounds upon which to support the present legislation. In fact, the undertones of the opinion, advocating complete and uncompromising separation of Church from State, seem utterly discordant with its conclusion yielding support to their commingling in educational matters."

Q1: What did the decision ultimately uphold?
A1: state law
Q2: What was the state allowed to continue to fund?
A2: transportation of students to religious schools
Q3: What did both the majority and dissenting opinions reiterate?
A3: that the Constitution has erected a "wall between church and state"
Q4: What was the disagreement between the Justices over whether funding breached what?
A4: that wall
Q5: What did Justice Jackson argue there were no grounds upon which to support what?
A5: the present legislation
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014).

Q1: About how many Somalis live in the UK?
A1: 108,000
Q2: What percentage of Somalis living in Britain reside in London?
A2: 78%
Q3: As of 2014, how many Somalis lived in Sweden?
A3: 57,906
Q4: In 2014, how many Somalis resided in Norway?
A4: 38,413
Q5: How many Somalis lived in Finland as of 2014?
A5: 16,721