LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

In 1841, Léon Escudier wrote of a recital given by Chopin that year, "One may say that Chopin is the creator of a school of piano and a school of composition. In truth, nothing equals the lightness, the sweetness with which the composer preludes on the piano; moreover nothing may be compared to his works full of originality, distinction and grace." Chopin refused to conform to a standard method of playing and believed that there was no set technique for playing well. His style was based extensively on his use of very independent finger technique. In his Projet de méthode he wrote: "Everything is a matter of knowing good fingering ... we need no less to use the rest of the hand, the wrist, the forearm and the upper arm." He further stated: "One needs only to study a certain position of the hand in relation to the keys to obtain with ease the most beautiful quality of sound, to know how to play short notes and long notes, and [to attain] unlimited dexterity." The consequences of this approach to technique in Chopin's music include the frequent use of the entire range of the keyboard, passages in double octaves and other chord groupings, swiftly repeated notes, the use of grace notes, and the use of contrasting rhythms (four against three, for example) between the hands.

Q1: What was Chopin's style based upon?
A1: independent finger technique
Q2: Who wrote about a Chopin 1841 recital?
A2: Léon Escudier
Q3: What writing of Chopin talks about everything about piano playing has to do with proper fingering?
A3: his Projet de méthode
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.

Q1: In what year was Father Edward Sorin given two years to create a college?
A1: 1842
Q2: Which individual offered land to Father Edward Sorin?
A2: Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière
Q3: Which church was Father Edward Sorin representing?
A3: the Congregation of the Holy Cross
Q4: On what date did brothers from Holy Cross arrive at the future location of Notre Dame?
A4: November 26, 1842
Q5: Which structure was the first used for the purposes of the college?
A5: Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

In 1845, Ireland was hit by a potato blight. In the next four years over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the Great Famine. In Ireland, Victoria was labelled "The Famine Queen". She personally donated £2,000 to famine relief, more than any other individual donor, and also supported the Maynooth Grant to a Roman Catholic seminary in Ireland, despite Protestant opposition. The story that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to Battersea Dogs Home, was a myth generated towards the end of the 19th century.

Q1: What year was the potato blight in Ireland?
A1: 1845
Q2: How long did the Great Famine last?
A2: four years
Q3: How many Irish people died during the Great Famine?
A3: over a million
Q4: What was the label given to Queen Victoria during the Great Famine?
A4: The Famine Queen
Q5: How much money did Victoria donate to famine relief?
A5: £2,000
Q6: What crisis struck Ireland during 1845?
A6: potato blight
Q7: How many people died during the Great Famine in Ireland?
A7: over a million
Q8: What was Queen Victoria called in Ireland during the Great Famine? 
A8: The Famine Queen
Q9: What story was later proven false about Victoria during the Great Famine? 
A9: that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to Battersea Dogs Home
Q10: How much did Queen Victoria actually donate to support relief in Ireland, making her the top individual donor? 
A10: £2,000
Q11: What happened that decimated a large portion of Ireland?
A11: potato blight
Q12: When did the potato blight begin?
A12: 1845
Q13: How many people did Ireland lose to the potato blight?
A13: a million
Q14: What did the potato blight cause Victoria to be called?
A14: The Famine Queen
Q15: How much did Victoria donate to Ireland to help with famine relief?
A15: £2,000
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the "Flying Chair", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside. It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants. Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels. A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke. It consisted of a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring.

Q1: What Neapolitan architect created the "Flying Chair" elevator?
A1: Gaetano Genovese
Q2: At what location was the "Flying Chair" installed in 1845?
A2: Royal Palace of Caserta
Q3: What type of wood was used on the inside ?
A3: maple
Q4: What controlled the traction?
A4: a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels
Q5: What did the safety system consist of?
A5: a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring
Title: San_Diego
Topic: Geography and places

In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846. Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24, 1846, when the Americans recaptured it. For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo. Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into the town every night. The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out. On December 1 the Americans garrison learned that the dragoons of General Stephen W. Kearney were at Warner's Ranch. Commodore Robert F. Stockton sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain Archibald Gillespie to march north to meet him. Their joint command of 150 men, returning to San Diego, encountered about 93 Californios under Andrés Pico. In the ensuing Battle of San Pasqual, fought in the San Pasqual Valley which is now part of the city of San Diego, the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign. Subsequently a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego, rescuing Kearny's battered and blockaded command.

Q1: Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 50 men on horseback to the north?
A1: Commodore Robert F. Stockton
Q2: What battle took place in the San Pasqual Valley?
A2: Battle of San Pasqual
Q3: Who led the group from San Diego that rescued Kearny's men?
A3: Lieutenant Gray
Q4: What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Americans out of the pueblo?
A4: The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo
Q5: How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Diego before it was recaptured by Americans?
A5: three weeks
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

In 1847, Hungarian physician Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis dramatically reduced the occurrency of puerperal fever by simply requiring physicians to wash their hands before attending to women in childbirth. This discovery predated the germ theory of disease. However, Semmelweis' findings were not appreciated by his contemporaries and came into use only with discoveries by British surgeon Joseph Lister, who in 1865 proved the principles of antisepsis. Lister's work was based on the important findings by French biologist Louis Pasteur. Pasteur was able to link microorganisms with disease, revolutionizing medicine. He also devised one of the most important methods in preventive medicine, when in 1880 he produced a vaccine against rabies. Pasteur invented the process of pasteurization, to help prevent the spread of disease through milk and other foods.

Q1: What was Ignac Fulop Semmelweis' profession?
A1: physician
Q2: How did Semmelweis reduce puerperal fever?
A2: requiring physicians to wash their hands
Q3: What came after the realization that physicians should was their hands before childbirth?
A3: the germ theory of disease
Q4: What did Joseph Lister prove?
A4: antisepsis
Q5: Who did Joseph Lister base his work off of?
A5: Louis Pasteur
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

In 1849, Dr. Abraham Gesner, a Canadian geologist, devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum. Earlier coal-gas methods had been used for lighting since the 1820s, but they were expensive. Gesner's kerosene was cheap, easy to produce, could be burned in existing lamps, and did not produce an offensive odor as did most whale oil. It could be stored indefinitely, unlike whale oil, which would eventually spoil. The American petroleum boom began in the 1850s. By the end of the decade there were 30 kerosene plants operating in the United States. The cheaper, more efficient fuel began to drive whale oil out of the market. John D. Rockefeller was most responsible for the commercial success of kerosene. He set up a network of kerosene distilleries which would later become Standard Oil, thus completely abolishing the need for whale-oil lamps. These types of lamps may catch fire or emit carbon-monoxide and sometimes are odorous making them problematic for asthmatic people.

Q1: What devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum?
A1: Dr. Abraham Gesner
Q2: What year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene? 
A2: 1849
Q3: What method of lighting have been used since 1820s?
A3: coal-gas methods
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

In 1849, Horne's began operations and soon became a leading Pittsburgh department store. In 1879, it opened a seven-story landmark which was the first department store in the city's downtown. In 1972, Associated Dry Goods acquired Horne's, and ADG expanded operations of Horne's to several stores in suburban malls throughout the Pittsburgh region as well as in Erie, Pennsylvania and Northeast Ohio. In December 1986, Horne's was acquired by a local investor group following ADG's acquisition by May Department Stores. By 1994, Federated Department Stores acquired the remaining ten Horne's stores and merged them with its Lazarus division, completely ceasing all operations of any store under the Horne's name.

Q1: In what year did Horne began doing business?
A1: 1849
Q2: In what city did Horne begin their operations?
A2: Pittsburgh
Q3: What company purchased Horne's in 1972?
A3: Associated Dry Goods
Q4: How many Horne's stores did Federated Department Stores buy in 1994?
A4: ten
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

In 1852, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke. The design of the Otis safety elevator is somewhat similar to one type still used today. A governor device engages knurled roller(s), locking the elevator to its guides should the elevator descend at excessive speed. He demonstrated it at the New York exposition in the Crystal Palace in a dramatic, death-defying presentation in 1854, and the first such passenger elevator was installed at 488 Broadway in New York City on March 23, 1857.

Q1: Who created the safety elevator in 1852?
A1: Elisha Otis
Q2: What feature did the safety elevator display? 
A2: prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke
Q3: What did the govenor device engage to lock the elevator?
A3: knurled roller(s)
Q4: At what location was it first presented?
A4: New York exposition in the Crystal Palace
Q5: Where was the first safety elevator installed?
A5: 488 Broadway in New York City
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

In 1853 the Russian Empire on behalf of the Slavic Balkan states began to question the very existence of the Ottoman Empire. The result was the Crimean War, 1853–1856, in which the British Empire and the French Empire supported the Ottoman Empire in its struggle against the incursions of the Russian Empire. Eventually, the Ottoman Empire lost control of the Balkan region.

Q1: When did the Russian Empire begin to question the existence of the Ottoman Empire?
A1: 1853
Q2: When was the Crimean War?
A2: 1853–1856
Q3: During the Crimean War who did the British and French support?
A3: the Ottoman Empire
Q4: What was the Ottoman Empire's struggle against in the Crimean War?
A4: the incursions of the Russian Empire
Q5: The Ottoman Empire eventually lost control of what region?
A5: the Balkan region
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from post-natal depression after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her "continuance of hysterics" over a "miserable trifle".

Q1: Who was Victoria's eighth child?
A1: Leopold
Q2: What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child?
A2: chloroform
Q3: What did Victoria suffer from after he pregnancies?
A3: post-natal depression
Q4: Why did medical professionals advise against using an anaesthetic during childbirth?
A4: thought it dangerous
Q5: What did Albert complain about Victoria?
A5: her "continuance of hysterics" over a "miserable trifle"
Q6: What was the name of Victoria's eighth child?
A6: Leopold
Q7: What was the name of the new anesthetic given to Victoria for the birth of Leopold?
A7: chloroform
Q8: What year did Victoria give birth to her final child?
A8: 1857
Q9: What was the name of Victoria's final child?
A9: Beatrice
Q10: Hysteria and loss of control after the birts of many of her children were likely caused by what?
A10: post-natal depression
Q11: When did Victoria give birth to her eigth child?
A11: 1853
Q12: What was the name of Victorias eighth child?
A12: Leopold
Q13: What was the name of the new anesthetic used during leopolds birth?
A13: chloroform.
Q14: What year was victorias final child born?
A14: 1857
Q15: What was the name of Victorias final child?
A15: Beatrice
Q16: Who was Victoria's eighth child? 
A16: Leopold
Q17: What was the new anastethetic Victoria used in her last two childbirths? 
A17: chloroform
Q18: When was Victoria's final child, Beatrice, born? 
A18: 1857
Q19: Why did members of the clergy oppose the use of chloroform? 
A19: considered it against biblical teaching
Q20: What did Albert complain about in letters to Victoria after the birth of her children? 
A20: loss of self-control
Q21: What was the name of Victoria's eigth child?
A21: Leopold
Q22: What was a new anaesthetic being used for childbirth in Victoria's time?
A22: chloroform
Q23: What was the name of Victoria's ninth child?
A23: Beatrice
Q24: Why did members of the clergy oppose the use of chloroform for childbirth?
A24: considered it against biblical teaching
Q25: After nine pregnancies, what could Victoria have been suffering from that would make her sad and depressed?
A25: post-natal depression
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two.

Q1: How many smaller cities did Mexico City make up at its height?
A1: twenty-two
Q2: What is the current area of Mexico City?
A2: 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi)
Q3: How large was Mexico City at its largest?
A3: 1,700 km2
Q4: When was the boundaries of the city last adjusted? 
A4: 1902
Q5: Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest?
A5: Antonio López de Santa Anna
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

In 1855 a reprint of a letter earlier sent to The Times appeared in Littel's Living Age. Its author, an "official Chinese interpreter of 10 years' active service" and a member of the Oriental Club, Thomas Taylor Meadows, was replying to the suggestion by another interpreter that the British Empire was wasting its resources on a false threat from Russia against China. Toward the end of the letter he said:

Q1: When was a reprint of a letter sent to The Times appear in Littel's Living Age?
A1: 1855
Q2: Who was the author of the letter sent to the Times?
A2: Thomas Taylor Meadows
Q3: What was Thomas Taylor Meadows replying to?
A3: the suggestion by another interpreter
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

In 1858, the French emperor Napoleon III successfully gained the possession, in the name of the French government, of Longwood House and the lands around it, last residence of Napoleon I (who died there in 1821). It is still French property, administered by a French representative and under the authority of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Q1: Which french emperor gained possession of Longwood house and the land surrounding it?
A1: Napoleon III
Q2: What year did the French Emperor Napoleon III take control of Longwood house?
A2: 1858
Q3: Who was the last resident of Longwood house before Napoleon III took it over?
A3: Napoleon I
Q4: Who has authority over Longwood house?
A4: French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Title: Culture
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826–1905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind". He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements. According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); different cultures, or different "folk ideas" (Völkergedanken), are local modifications of the elementary ideas. This view paved the way for the modern understanding of culture. Franz Boas (1858–1942) was trained in this tradition, and he brought it with him when he left Germany for the United States.

Q1: According to Bastian, what did he believe all human societies shared?
A1: elementary ideas
Q2: What was the name of the person argued for "The psychic unity of mankind"?
A2: Adolf Bastian
Q3: Who trained under Bastian's ideas on culture?
A3: Franz Boas
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

In 1860, Montevideo had 57,913 inhabitants including a number of people of African origin who had been brought as slaves and had gained their freedom around the middle of the century. By 1880, the population had quadrupled, mainly because of the great European immigration. In 1908, its population had grown massively to 309,331 inhabitants. In the course of the 20th century the city continued to receive large numbers of European immigrants, especially Spanish and Italian, followed by French, Germans or Dutch, English or Irish, Polish, Greek, Hungarians, Russians, Croats, Lebanese, Armenians, and Jews of various origins. The last wave of immigrants occurred between 1945 and 1955.

Q1: How many inhabitants did Montevideo have in 1860?
A1: 57,913
Q2: What happened to the population by the year 1880?
A2: had quadrupled
Q3: The population quadrupled by 1880 due mainly to what?
A3: the great European immigration
Q4: What had the population grown to in 1908?
A4: 309,331 inhabitants
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of "last to join the Confederacy" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.

Q1: What fraction of the population of North Carolina was enslaved in 1860?
A1: one-third
Q2: North Carolina did not vote to join the confederacy until they were ordered to invade what state?
A2: South Carolina
Q3: When was North Carolinas official secession?
A3: May 20
Q4: When was Tennessees informal secession?
A4: May 7, 1861
Q5: When did Tennessee officially vote to secede?
A5: June 8, 1861
Title: United_States_dollar
Topic: History

In 1862, paper money was issued without the backing of precious metals, due to the Civil War. Silver and gold coins continued to be issued and in 1878 the link between paper money and coins was reinstated. This disconnection from gold and silver backing also occurred during the War of 1812. The use of paper money not backed by precious metals had also occurred under the Articles of Confederation from 1777 to 1788. With no solid backing and being easily counterfeited, the continentals quickly lost their value, giving rise to the phrase "not worth a continental". This was a primary reason for the "No state shall... make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts" clause in article 1, section 10 of the United States Constitution.

Q1: Which year was it when paper money was first issued without the backing of precious metals?
A1: 1777
Q2: What was the first war that caused paper money to be issued?
A2: Civil War
Q3: Which other war also caused a disconnect between paper money and precious metals?
A3: War of 1812
Q4: The quick loss in value of paper money resulted in which phrase being hear?
A4: "not worth a continental"
Q5: The loss in value resulted in a clause being written in which article in the US Constitution?
A5: article 1
Title: FA_Cup
Topic: Sports and recreation

In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association for which all clubs belonging to the Association should be invited to compete". The inaugural FA Cup tournament kicked off in November 1871. After thirteen games in all, Wanderers were crowned the winners in the final, on 16 March 1872. Wanderers retained the trophy the following year. The modern cup was beginning to be established by the 1888–89 season, when qualifying rounds were introduced.

Q1: When was the laws of the Game of Asscociation Football published?
A1: 1863
Q2: Who was the FA secretary in 1871?
A2: C. W. Alcock
Q3: When did the inaugural  FA cup tournament take place?
A3: November 1871
Q4: Who won the first and second cups? 
A4: Wanderers were crowned the winners
Q5: When was the modern cup established? 
A5: modern cup was beginning to be established by the 1888–89 season,
Title: Tennessee
Topic: Geography and places

In 1864, Andrew Johnson (a War Democrat from Tennessee) was elected Vice President under Abraham Lincoln. He became President after Lincoln's assassination in 1865. Under Johnson's lenient re-admission policy, Tennessee was the first of the seceding states to have its elected members readmitted to the U.S. Congress, on July 24, 1866. Because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, it was the only one of the formerly secessionist states that did not have a military governor during the Reconstruction period.

Q1: Who was elected Vice President of the United States in 1864?
A1: Andrew Johnson
Q2: Which Confederate state's representation was readmitted to Congress first?
A2: Tennessee
Q3: On which date were Tennessee's elected representatives restored to their offices in Washington D.C.?
A3: July 24, 1866
Q4: Their ratification of which Amendment spared Tennessee a military governor during Reconstruction?
A4: Fourteenth
Q5: In which year did Andrew Johnson become President?
A5: 1865
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

In 1865, when the Bell family moved to London, Bell returned to Weston House as an assistant master and, in his spare hours, continued experiments on sound using a minimum of laboratory equipment. Bell concentrated on experimenting with electricity to convey sound and later installed a telegraph wire from his room in Somerset College to that of a friend. Throughout late 1867, his health faltered mainly through exhaustion. His younger brother, Edward "Ted," was similarly bed-ridden, suffering from tuberculosis. While Bell recovered (by then referring to himself in correspondence as "A.G. Bell") and served the next year as an instructor at Somerset College, Bath, England, his brother's condition deteriorated. Edward would never recover. Upon his brother's death, Bell returned home in 1867. His older brother Melville had married and moved out. With aspirations to obtain a degree at University College London, Bell considered his next years as preparation for the degree examinations, devoting his spare time at his family's residence to studying.

Q1: In what year did the Bell's move to London?
A1: 1865
Q2: Where did Bell go in work in 1865?
A2: Weston House
Q3: What building was Bell in?
A3: Somerset College
Q4: How did Bell sign his letters?
A4: A.G. Bell
Q5: In what year did Bell move home?
A5: 1867
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.

Q1: When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt?
A1: 1866
Q2: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation?
A2: (Battle of Königgrätz
Q3: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?
A3: Little Germany
Q4: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?
A4: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire
Q5: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?
A5: 1866
Q6: Who won the battle of Koniggratz?
A6: Prussia
Q7: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under?
A7: Little Germany
Q8: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??
A8: North German Confederation
Title: Tristan_da_Cunha
Topic: Geography and places

In 1867, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and second son of Queen Victoria, visited the islands. The main settlement, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, was named in honour of his visit. Lewis Carroll's youngest brother, the Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson, served as an Anglican missionary and schoolteacher in Tristan da Cunha in the 1880s.

Q1: in what year did Prince Alfred visit the island?
A1: 1867
Q2: what was the main settlement named?
A2: Edinburgh of the Seven Seas
Q3: who is Lewis Carroll's youngest brother?
A3: Reverend Edwin Heron Dodgson
Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis
Topic: Geography and places

In 1867, the university opened the first private nonsectarian law school west of the Mississippi River. By 1882, Washington University had expanded to numerous departments, which were housed in various buildings across St. Louis. Medical classes were first held at Washington University in 1891 after the St. Louis Medical College decided to affiliate with the University, establishing the School of Medicine. During the 1890s, Robert Sommers Brookings, the president of the Board of Trustees, undertook the tasks of reorganizing the university's finances, putting them onto a sound foundation, and buying land for a new campus.

Q1: When was did Washington University open its law school?
A1: 1867
Q2: When did Washington University establish its medical school? 
A2: 1891
Q3: Who was Robert Somers Brookings?
A3: the president of the Board of Trustees
Q4: When did St. Louis Medical college affiliate itself with Washington University?
A4: 1891
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

In 1868, the horse-drawn tram company Compañía de Tranvías al Paso del Molino y Cerro created the first lines connecting Montevideo with Unión, the beach resort of Capurro and the industrialized and economically independent Villa del Cerro, at the time called Cosmopolis. In the same year, the Mercado del Puerto was inaugurated. In 1869, the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay was inaugurated connecting Bella Vista with the town of Las Piedras. During the same year and the next, the neighbourhoods Colón, Nuevo París and La Comercial were founded. The famous to our days Sunday market of Tristán Narvaja Street was established in Cordón in 1870. Public water supply was established in 1871. In 1878, Bulevar Circunvalación was constructed, a boulevard starting from Punta Carretas, going up to the north end of the city and then turning west to end at the beach of Capurro. It was renamed to Artigas Boulevard (its current name) in 1885. By Decree, on 8 January 1881, the area Los Pocitos was incorporated to the Novísima Ciudad (Most New City).

Q1: What year did Compania de Tranvias al Paso del Molino y Cerro creat the first lines connecting Montevideo with Union?
A1: 1868
Q2: What year was Mercado del Puerto inaugurated? 
A2: 1868
Q3: What year was the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay inaugurated? 
A3: 1869
Q4: What year was Bulevar Circunvalcion constructed? 
A4: 1878
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

In 1869 the Suez Canal opened under Napoleon III, linking the Mediterranean with the Indian Ocean. Initially the Canal was opposed by the British; but once opened, its strategic value was quickly recognised and became the "jugular vein of the Empire". In 1875, the Conservative government of Benjamin Disraeli bought the indebted Egyptian ruler Isma'il Pasha's 44 percent shareholding in the Suez Canal for £4 million (£340 million in 2013). Although this did not grant outright control of the strategic waterway, it did give Britain leverage. Joint Anglo-French financial control over Egypt ended in outright British occupation in 1882. The French were still majority shareholders and attempted to weaken the British position, but a compromise was reached with the 1888 Convention of Constantinople, which made the Canal officially neutral territory.

Q1: When did the Suez Canal open?
A1: 1869
Q2: Which ocean did the Suez Canal connect the Mediterranean to?
A2: Indian Ocean
Q3: Which French leader ruled when the Suez Canal opened?
A3: Napoleon III
Q4: How much did Britain spend to buy Egypt's share of the Suez Canal?
A4: £4 million
Q5: The Suez Canal became neutral territory by what treaty?
A5: Convention of Constantinople
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to study the Bible. During the course of his ministry, Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul, hellfire, predestination, the fleshly return of Jesus Christ, the Trinity, and the burning up of the world. In 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour; later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. The book taught that God's dealings with humanity were divided dispensationally, each ending with a "harvest," that Christ had returned as an invisible spirit being in 1874 inaugurating the "harvest of the Gospel age," and that 1914 would mark the end of a 2520-year period called "the Gentile Times," at which time world society would be replaced by the full establishment of God's kingdom on earth. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, Herald of the Morning. In June 1879 the two split over doctrinal differences, and in July, Russell began publishing the magazine Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence, stating that its purpose was to demonstrate that the world was in "the last days," and that a new age of earthly and human restitution under the reign of Christ was imminent.

Q1: When did Charles Taze Russell form a group?
A1: 1870
Q2: Where did Russell and others form their group?
A2: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Q3: What was the purpose of Russell's group?
A3: to study the Bible
Q4: When Russell met Nelson H. Barbour in 1876, they jointly produced what book?
A4: Three Worlds
Q5: 1914 would mark the end of a 2520 year period known as what?
A5: the Gentile Times
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.

Q1: When did France attack Prussia? 
A1: 1870
Q2: Who won the Franco-Prussian War?
A2: Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany
Q3: When was the German Empire founded?
A3: 1871
Q4: What regions was excluded from the German Empire?
A4: effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy
Q5: What was the primary religion of Germany?
A5: Protestant
Q6: When was the German empire created?
A6: 1871
Q7: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?
A7: Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein
Q8: What religion was a majority in Germany?
A8: Protestant
Q9: What did many people in Germany still want to do?
A9: Integrating the Austrians
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

In 1870, at age 23, Bell, his brother's widow, Caroline (Margaret Ottaway), and his parents travelled on the SS Nestorian to Canada. After landing at Quebec City the Bells transferred to another steamer to Montreal and then boarded a train to Paris, Ontario, to stay with the Reverend Thomas Henderson, a family friend. After a brief stay with the Hendersons, the Bell family purchased a farm of 10.5 acres (42,000 m2) at Tutelo Heights (now called Tutela Heights), near Brantford, Ontario. The property consisted of an orchard, large farm house, stable, pigsty, hen-house, and a carriage house, which bordered the Grand River.[N 9]

Q1: How old was Bell when he went to Canada?
A1: 23
Q2: What boat did Bell travel on?
A2: SS Nestorian
Q3: In what Canadian city did Bell first arrive?
A3: Quebec City
Q4: What city did Bell arrive at by train?
A4: Paris
Q5: How many acres was the farm the Bell's bought in Canada?
A5: 10.5
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

In 1870, following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War, French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune. The Commune lasted for two months before it was crushed by the French Army, with much bloodshed. The original red banners of the Commune became icons of the socialist revolution; in 1921 members of the French Communist Party came to Moscow and presented the new Soviet government with one of the original Commune banners; it was placed (and is still in place) in the tomb of Vladimir Lenin, next to his open coffin.

Q1: Who was defeated in the Franco-Prussian war?
A1: the French Army
Q2: After Paris was seized as a result of the Franco-Prussian war, what did revolutionaries and workers create?
A2: the Paris Commune
Q3: For how long did the Paris Commune exist?
A3: two months
Q4: Next to whom was a a Paris Commune banner placed?
A4: Vladimir Lenin
Q5: In what year did people of the French Communist party go to Moscow to give the Soviet government a Paris Commune banner?
A5: 1921
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic. A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her. In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm, which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray. In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die. As the tenth anniversary of her husband's death approached, her son's condition grew no better, and Victoria's distress continued. To general rejoicing, he pulled through. Mother and son attended a public parade through London and a grand service of thanksgiving in St Paul's Cathedral on 27 February 1872, and republican feeling subsided.

Q1: What year was the Third French Republic established?
A1: 1870
Q2: Where was the republica rally held that called for Vuictorias removal?
A2: Trafalgar Square
Q3: Who spoke against Victoria at the rally in Trafalgar Square?
A3: Radical MPs
Q4: In 1871, Victoria became seriously ill with an abscess on what part of her body?
A4: arm
Q5: Who lanced and treated the abscess on Queen Victorias arm?
A5: Joseph Lister
Q6: How was the republican sentiment in Britain changed?
A6: boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic
Q7: Where was a rally calling for Queen Victoria's removal held? 
A7: Trafalgar Square
Q8: What cutting edge treatment did Joseph Lister use to treat Queen Victoria's illness?
A8: new antiseptic carbolic acid spray
Q9: What disease nearly took the Prince of Wales life? 
A9: typhoid fever
Q10: What helped to boost the rebublicians in 1870?
A10: establishment of the Third French Republic
Q11: When did the Third French Republic come onto the scene?
A11: 1870
Q12: WHat was a new antiseptic being used to treat abcesses in the 1870's?
A12: carbolic acid spray
Q13: What disease was contracted by the Prince of Wales that nearly ended his life?
A13: typhoid fever
Q14: Who spoke against Victoria at Trafalgar Square?
A14: Radical MPs
Q15: After what event did the Prince of Wales' health begin to improve?
A15: the tenth anniversary of her husband's death
Title: Strasbourg
Topic: Geography and places

In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or "new city" around the present Place de la République. Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums. The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.

Q1: In what year was the city annexed to the German Empire?
A1: 1871
Q2: What was the Treaty in 1871 called?
A2: Treaty of Frankfurt
Q3: What Historian was in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives?
A3: Rodolphe Reuss
Q4: What year was the university founded?
A4: 1567
Q5:  What was the new name of the university when it reopened in 1872?
A5: Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

In 1872, Russian Alexander Lodygin invented an incandescent light bulb and obtained a Russian patent in 1874. He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed. Later he lived in the USA, changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum and tungsten filaments, and a bulb using a molybdenum filament was demonstrated at the world fair of 1900 in Paris.

Q1: Who patented an incandescent light bulb in Russia in 1874?
A1: Alexander Lodygin
Q2: What did Lodygin use as a burner in his lamp?
A2: two carbon rods
Q3: In what year did Lodygin demonstrate a lamp at the World's Fair?
A3: 1900
Q4: What did Lodygin change his name to after moving to the USA?
A4: Alexander de Lodyguine
Q5: When did Lodygin invent his first lamp?
A5: 1872
Title: Asthma
Topic: Natural sciences

In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 1886, F.H. Bosworth theorized a connection between asthma and hay fever. Epinephrine was first referred to in the treatment of asthma in 1905. Oral corticosteroids began to be used for this condition in the 1950s while inhaled corticosteroids and selective short acting beta agonist came into wide use in the 1960s.

Q1: When was the first paper written about asthma?
A1: In 1873
Q2: What was first used as a cure for asthma?
A2: by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment
Q3: In 1880 what was used intraveniously for asthma?
A3: pilocarpin
Q4: When did inhaled corticosteroids and short acting beta agonist start being used? 
A4: in the 1960s
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

In 1874, telegraph message traffic was rapidly expanding and in the words of Western Union President William Orton, had become "the nervous system of commerce". Orton had contracted with inventors Thomas Edison and Elisha Gray to find a way to send multiple telegraph messages on each telegraph line to avoid the great cost of constructing new lines. When Bell mentioned to Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders that he was working on a method of sending multiple tones on a telegraph wire using a multi-reed device, the two wealthy patrons began to financially support Bell's experiments. Patent matters would be handled by Hubbard's patent attorney, Anthony Pollok.

Q1: What business was William Orton in charge of?
A1: Western Union
Q2: In 1874 the telegraph was known as the what of commerce?
A2: nervous system
Q3: What was the primary motivation for not building new telegraph lines?
A3: cost
Q4: Thomas Edison and what other scientist were already asked to work on a better telegraph?
A4: Elisha Gray
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

In 1875, Bell developed an acoustic telegraph and drew up a patent application for it. Since he had agreed to share U.S. profits with his investors Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, Bell requested that an associate in Ontario, George Brown, attempt to patent it in Britain, instructing his lawyers to apply for a patent in the U.S. only after they received word from Britain (Britain would issue patents only for discoveries not previously patented elsewhere).

Q1: What did Bell promise to split with his financers?
A1: U.S. profits
Q2: In what country other than the U.S. did Bell try to patent his telegraph?
A2: Britain
Q3: Which country did Bell first try to get a patent?
A3: Britain
Q4: Who did Bell ask to get a patent in Britain?
A4: George Brown
Q5: What kind of telegraph did Bell create?
A5: acoustic
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in numerous other areas during Reconstruction. In the 1876 election cycle, two major riots between black Republicans and white Democrats occurred in the city, in September and the day after the election in November, as well as a violent incident in Cainhoy at an October joint discussion meeting.

Q1: What percentage of Charleston's population was black in 1875?
A1: 57%
Q2: What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1875?
A2: 73%
Q3: In 1876, Charleston's Black Republicans fought against whom?
A3: white Democrats
Q4: The second riot of 1876 happened when?
A4: the day after the election in November
Q5: How many major riots between blacks and whites occurred in Charleston in 1876?
A5: two
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

In 1877, John Wanamaker opened the United State's first modern department store in a former Pennsylvania Railroad freight terminal in Philadelphia. Wanamakers was the first department store to offer fixed prices marked on every article and also introduced electrical illumination (1878), the telephone (1879), and the use of pneumatic tubes to transport cash and documents (1880) to the department store business. Subsequent department stores founded in Philadelphia included Strawbridge and Clothier, Gimbels, Lit Brothers, and Snellenbergs.

Q1: Who opened the original "modern" department store in America?
A1: John Wanamaker
Q2: What feature made Wanamakers different from other stores at the time? 
A2: fixed prices marked on every article
Q3: How were important documents and money transported throughout the store? 
A3: pneumatic tubes
Q4: When was electric lighting first installed and used in the store? 
A4: 1878
Q5: In what state was Wanamakers established? 
A5: Pennsylvania