LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Infrared
Topic: Natural sciences

The onset of infrared is defined (according to different standards) at various values typically between 700 nm and 800 nm, but the boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less sensitive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer wavelengths make insignificant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. However, particularly intense near-IR light (e.g., from IR lasers, IR LED sources, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels) can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be perceived as red light. Sources providing wavelengths as long as 1050 nm can be seen as a dull red glow in intense sources, causing some difficulty in near-IR illumination of scenes in the dark (usually this practical problem is solved by indirect illumination). Leaves are particularly bright in the near IR, and if all visible light leaks from around an IR-filter are blocked, and the eye is given a moment to adjust to the extremely dim image coming through a visually opaque IR-passing photographic filter, it is possible to see the Wood effect that consists of IR-glowing foliage.

Q1: At what wavelength does the human eye become significantly less sensitive to light?
A1: 700 nm
Q2: What sort of light is generated by IR lasers?
A2: near-IR
Q3: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive IR LED sources as red?
A3: 780 nm
Q4: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive certain intense lights as being dull red in color?
A4: 1050 nm
Q5: What objects are notably bright in near IR?
A5: Leaves
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54 °C. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season, referred to as barsat, which brings relief in its wake. The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October.

Q1: When do monsoons traditionally happen in Punjab?
A1: by May
Q2: When did Punjab's weather pattern become unpredictable?
A2: since the early 1970s
Q3: How hot do newspapers say it has gotten in Punjab?
A3: 51 °C
Q4: What was the record heat spike in Multan?
A4: 54 °C
Q5: When was the record heat spike in Multan?
A5: June 1993
Title: Hard_rock
Topic: Music

The opening years of the 1980s saw a number of changes in personnel and direction of established hard rock acts, including the deaths of Bon Scott, the lead singer of AC/DC, and John Bonham, drummer with Led Zeppelin. Whereas Zeppelin broke up almost immediately afterwards, AC/DC pressed on, recording the album Back in Black (1980) with their new lead singer, Brian Johnson. It became the fifth-highest-selling album of all time in the US and the second-highest-selling album in the world. Black Sabbath had split with original singer Ozzy Osbourne in 1979 and replaced him with Ronnie James Dio, formerly of Rainbow, giving the band a new sound and a period of creativity and popularity beginning with Heaven and Hell (1980). Osbourne embarked on a solo career with Blizzard of Ozz (1980), featuring American guitarist Randy Rhoads. Some bands, such as Queen, moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others, including Rush with Moving Pictures (1981), began to return to a hard rock sound. The creation of thrash metal, which mixed heavy metal with elements of hardcore punk from about 1982, particularly by Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer, helped to create extreme metal and further remove the style from hard rock, although a number of these bands or their members would continue to record some songs closer to a hard rock sound. Kiss moved away from their hard rock roots toward pop metal: firstly removing their makeup in 1983 for their Lick It Up album, and then adopting the visual and sound of glam metal for their 1984 release, Animalize, both of which marked a return to commercial success. Pat Benatar was one of the first women to achieve commercial success in hard rock, with three successive Top 5 albums between 1980 and 1982.

Q1: Who was the original lead singer of AC/DC who died?
A1: Bon Scott
Q2: Who was the Led Zeppelin drummer who passed away?
A2: John Bonham
Q3: What singer replaced Ozzy Osbourne in Black Sabbath?
A3: Ronnie James Dio
Q4: What was Ozzy Osbourne's first solo album?
A4: Blizzard of Ozz
Q5: What are some thrash metal bands?
A5: Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer
Title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Topic: Art and architecture

The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval. 

Q1: What sets forth the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?
A1: the Byelaws
Q2: What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated most often?
A2: the Byelaws
Q3: What is necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?
A3: the Privy Council's approval
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The operations of individual brain cells are now understood in considerable detail but the way they cooperate in ensembles of millions is yet to be solved. Recent models in modern neuroscience treat the brain as a biological computer, very different in mechanism from an electronic computer, but similar in the sense that it acquires information from the surrounding world, stores it, and processes it in a variety of ways, analogous to the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer.

Q1: Which part of a computer does the brain most resemble?
A1: central processing unit (CPU)
Title: Serbo-Croatian
Topic: Language and literature

The opinion of the majority of Croatian linguists[citation needed] is that there has never been a Serbo-Croatian language, but two different standard languages that overlapped sometime in the course of history. However, Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić has been leading an academic discussion on that issue in the Croatian journal Književna republika from 2001 to 2010. In the discussion, she shows that linguistic criteria such as mutual intelligibility, huge overlap in linguistic system, and the same dialectic basis of standard language provide evidence that Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin are four national variants of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language. Igor Mandić states: "During the last ten years, it has been the longest, the most serious and most acrid discussion (…) in 21st-century Croatian culture". Inspired by that discussion, a monograph on language and nationalism has been published.

Q1: Is it the majority or minority opinion that two different standard languages existed and overlapped at some historical point?
A1: majority
Q2: Who stated that the argument between pluricentric or dual standard classifications has been the "longest, most serious, and most acrid discussion in 21st century Croatian culture?"
A2: Igor Mandić
Q3: Which Croatian linguist agrees with Igor Mandic and feels that Serbo-Croatian language is pluricentric?
A3: Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

The opposite of a Show Up is a "Rip". This is for sub-standard work, which is sometimes torn at the top of the page/sheet and must be submitted to the boy's housemaster for signature. Boys who accumulate rips are liable to be given a "White Ticket", which must be signed by all his teachers and may be accompanied by other punishments, usually involving doing domestic chores or writing lines. In recent times,[when?] a milder form of the rip, 'sign for information', colloquially known as an "info", has been introduced, which must also be signed by the boy's housemaster and tutor.

Q1: What is the opposite of a Show Up?
A1: a "Rip"
Q2: Who must sign a Rip?
A2: the boy's housemaster
Q3: Who must sign a White Ticket?
A3: all his teachers
Q4: Who must sign an "info"?
A4: the boy's housemaster and tutor
Q5: What punishment term is "info" short for?
A5: sign for information
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source.

Q1: A broadcasts optimum format depends on what two things?
A1: the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics
Q2: For best fidelity to the source, what three things should match the source? 
A2: transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate
Q3: For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match what? 
A3: those of the source
Q4: The type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics determine what?
A4: The optimum format for a broadcast
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

The ordinary half-wave dipole is probably the most widely used antenna design. This consists of two 1⁄4-wavelength elements arranged end-to-end, and lying along essentially the same axis (or collinear), each feeding one side of a two-conductor transmission wire. The physical arrangement of the two elements places them 180 degrees out of phase, which means that at any given instant one of the elements is driving current into the transmission line while the other is pulling it out. The monopole antenna is essentially one half of the half-wave dipole, a single 1⁄4-wavelength element with the other side connected to ground or an equivalent ground plane (or counterpoise). Monopoles, which are one-half the size of a dipole, are common for long-wavelength radio signals where a dipole would be impractically large. Another common design is the folded dipole, which is essentially two dipoles placed side-by-side and connected at their ends to make a single one-wavelength antenna.

Q1: What is the most popular antenna type?
A1: half-wave dipole
Q2: Elements in a half wave dipole and on an identical axis are said to be what?
A2: collinear
Q3: What is the current usually beng put into it or pulled out of?
A3: transmission line
Q4: What antenna type is a portion of the half wave dipole?
A4: Monopoles
Q5: What popular type combines more that one antenna?
A5: folded dipole
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959.

Q1: Who built the organ?
A1: Harrison & Harrison
Q2: When was the organ built? 
A2: 1937
Q3: When was the organ first used?
A3: the coronation of King George VI
Q4: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1848?
A4: pipework
Q5: Who designed the two organ cases?
A5: John Loughborough Pearson
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The organization of the treasury and chancery were developed under the Ottoman Empire more than any other Islamic government and, until the 17th century, they were the leading organization among all their contemporaries. This organization developed a scribal bureaucracy (known as "men of the pen") as a distinct group, partly highly trained ulama, which developed into a professional body. The effectiveness of this professional financial body stands behind the success of many great Ottoman statesmen.

Q1: Two of the most developed economic organizations under the Ottoman Empire were what?
A1: the treasury and chancery
Q2: What were the scribes of the chancery known as?
A2: men of the pen
Q3: Part of the scribal bureaucracy were trained what?
A3: ulama
Q4: What did the scribal bureaucracy become?
A4: a professional body
Q5: The Ottoman Empire had the most developed economic organizations among Islamic Governments until which century?
A5: the 17th century
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions. When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operational Control (CHOP) of these units from their administrative alignment to the operational command of a Regional Combatant Commander (CCDR). In the case of AFSPC, AFSOC, PACAF, and USAFE units, forces are normally employed in-place under their existing CCDR. Likewise, AMC forces operating in support roles retain their componency to USTRANSCOM unless chopped to a Regional CCDR.

Q1: Who directs the Secretary of the Air Force during operational missions? 
A1: Secretary of Defense
Q2: What does the abbreviation CHOP stand for? 
A2: Change in Operational Control
Q3: Who is in charge of these Change in Operational Control missions? 
A3: Regional Combatant Commander
Q4: Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to?
A4: USTRANSCOM
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. When Lee was 10 years old, a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named Walter Lett of raping her. The story and the trial were covered by her father's newspaper which reported that Lett was convicted and sentenced to death. After a series of letters appeared claiming Lett had been falsely accused, his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died there of tuberculosis in 1937. Scholars believe that Robinson's difficulties reflect the notorious case of the Scottsboro Boys, in which nine black men were convicted of raping two white women on negligible evidence. However, in 2005, Lee stated that she had in mind something less sensational, although the Scottsboro case served "the same purpose" to display Southern prejudices. Emmett Till, a black teenager who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955, and whose death is credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement, is also considered a model for Tom Robinson.

Q1: At what age was Lee when a white woman accused a black guy of rape?
A1: 10
Q2: What was the name of the black man who was accused of rape in Lee's town when she was 10?
A2: Walter Lett
Q3: What was the name of the black teenager that Tom Robinson was supposedly based on?
A3: Emmett Till
Q4: Emmett Till's death sparked which political movement in the '50s?
A4: Civil Rights Movement
Q5: What purpose did Tom Robinson's trial serve in the book?
A5: display Southern prejudices
Q6: Who's death was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement?
A6: Emmett Till
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists. Modern dogs are more closely related to ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves. Nearly all dog breeds' genetic closeness to the gray wolf are due to admixture, except several Arctic dog breeds are close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture.

Q1: Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?
A1: hunter-gatherers
Q2: Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to?
A2: Taimyr wolf of North Asia
Q3: Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?
A3: human hunter-gatherers
Q4: Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal?
A4: gray wolf
Q5: Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?
A5: Taimyr
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi. In the summer of 1895, Marconi began testing his wireless system outdoors on his father's estate near Bologna and soon began to experiment with long wire "aerials". Marconi discovered that by raising the "aerial" wire above the ground and connecting the other side of his transmitter to ground, the transmission range was increased. Soon he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi). In Italian a tent pole is known as l'antenna centrale, and the pole with the wire was simply called l'antenna. Until then wireless radiating transmitting and receiving elements were known simply as aerials or terminals.

Q1: Who is most associated with the emergence of the word antenna?
A1: Guglielmo Marconi
Q2: When did experimentation with electromagnetic waves begin?
A2: 1895
Q3: What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission?
A3: raising the "aerial" wire
Q4: How far was Marconi able to get his signal to go using this technique?
A4: 1.5 mi
Title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Topic: Art and architecture

The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'

Q1: What was the central aim of the Royal Institute?
A1: the general advancement of Civil Architecture
Q2: What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute?
A2: The original Charter of 1837
Q3: What was the Royal Institute responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?
A3: promoting and facilitating
Title: Cubism
Topic: Art and architecture

The original Cubist architecture is very rare. There is only one country in the world where Cubism was really applied to architecture – namely Bohemia (today Czech Republic) and especially its capital, Prague. Czech architects were the first and only ones in the world to ever design original Cubist buildings. Cubist architecture flourished for the most part between 1910–1914, but the Cubist or Cubism-influenced buildings were also built after the World War I. After the war, the architectural style called Rondo-Cubism was developed in Prague fusing the Cubist architecture with round shapes.

Q1: Is original Cubist architecture rare?
A1: Cubist architecture is very rare
Q2: Which country applied Cubism to architecture the most?
A2: Bohemia (today Czech Republic
Q3: What was for the form of architectural Cubism in Prague called?
A3: Rondo-Cubism
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually guaranteed by charters issued by princes, prelates, or the towns in which they were located" came to be denominated by this general term. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members.

Q1: From what language does Universitas come from?
A1: Latin
Q2: Around the beginning of what two things did word universitas start to become prevalent?
A2: urban town life and medieval guilds
Q3: What did a universitas have in common with similar guilds?
A3: they were self-regulating
Q4: Which individuals usually approved charters for universitas?
A4: princes, prelates
Title: Queen_(band)
Topic: Music

The original London production was scheduled to close on Saturday, 7 October 2006, at the Dominion Theatre, but due to public demand, the show ran until May 2014. We Will Rock You has become the longest running musical ever to run at this prime London theatre, overtaking the previous record holder, the Grease musical. Brian May stated in 2008 that they were considering writing a sequel to the musical. The musical toured around the UK in 2009, playing at Manchester Palace Theatre, Sunderland Empire, Birmingham Hippodrome, Bristol Hippodrome, and Edinburgh Playhouse.

Q1: When was Queen's London production scheduled to end in 2006?
A1: Saturday, 7 October
Q2: Where was Queen's 2006 London production held?
A2: Dominion Theatre
Q3: When did Queen's 2006 London production actually end?
A3: May 2014
Q4: What is the longest running show at the Dominion Theatre?
A4: We Will Rock You
Q5: What is the second longest show at the Dominion Theatre?
A5: Grease
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex. It provided optional anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels, depending on size. An additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda (NAVFAC Bermuda), a SOSUS station, was located to the west of the Annex near a Canadian Forces communications facility. Although leased for 99 years, US forces withdrew in 1995, as part of the wave of base closures following the end of the Cold War.

Q1: What was the NAS primarily a base for?
A1: seaplane
Q2: What did the NAS Bermuda offer once designated Annex?
A2: anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels
Q3: What is located west of the NAS Annex?
A3: additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda
Q4: What happened at the end of the Cold War?
A4: US forces withdrew
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard.

Q1: When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced?
A1: January 1996
Q2: How fast was the slowest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0?
A2: 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed"
Q3: What was the fastest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0?
A3: 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed"
Q4: 1.1 was the first widely used version of what?
A4: USB
Q5: When was the first widely used version of USB released?
A5: September 1998
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for office. An oath had also been imposed on the militia during the French and Indian War requiring them to abjure the pretensions of the Pope, which may or may not have been applied during the Revolution. That law was replaced by 1799.

Q1: What did the original charter of the Province of East Jersey restrict membership in its Assembly to?
A1: Christians
Q2: What was the Duke of York's relationship to his religion described as being?
A2: fervently Catholic
Q3: What religious sect were the proprietors of Perth Amboy?
A3: Scottish Catholic
Q4: What did the Province of West Jersey specify there would not be for those running for an office, in 1681?
A4: religious test
Q5: When was an oath requiring militia to abjure the pretensions of the pope replaced?
A5: 1799
Title: Houston
Topic: History

The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, two additional districts were to be added. The city of Houston's official 2010 census count was 600 shy of the required number; however, as the city was expected to grow beyond 2.1 million shortly thereafter, the two additional districts were added for, and the positions filled during, the August 2011 elections.

Q1: How many members did the original Houston city council have?
A1: 14
Q2: How many at-large positions were there originally?
A2: five
Q3: What areas do at-large council members represent?
A3: entire city
Q4: What population figure needs to be passed to add at large council members?
A4: 2.1 million
Q5: How many at-large council members were added in the 2011 elections?
A5: two
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September, and on selected days in winter and spring.

Q1: What colors were added in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII?
A1: Belle Époque cream and gold
Q2: What original colors from the 19th century were used on the advice of Sir Charles Long?
A2: brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis
Q3: How many rooms does the palace have?
A3: 775 rooms
Q4: In which style are many of the smaller reception rooms furnished in?
A4: Chinese regency style
Q5: What house were many of the furniture and fittings brought from?
A5: Carlton House
Q6: Who suggested the use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis?
A6: Sir Charles Long
Q7: Who oversaw the redecoration that used a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme?
A7: King Edward VII
Q8: Smaller reception rooms are decorated in which style?
A8: Chinese regency style
Q9: Furniture and fittings were brought over from which house?
A9: Carlton House
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System
Topic: Engineering and technology

The original idea of a Chinese satellite navigation system was conceived by Chen Fangyun and his colleagues in the 1980s. According to the China National Space Administration, the development of the system would be carried out in three steps:

Q1: Who first came up with the idea for a Chinese satellite navigation system?
A1: Chen Fangyun and his colleagues
Q2: When did Chen Fangyun come up with the idea for a satellite navigation system?
A2: in the 1980s
Q3: The China National Space Administration said the satellite navigation system would be developed in how many steps?
A3: three
Title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

The original model Famicom featured two game controllers, both of which were hardwired to the back of the console. The second controller lacked the START and SELECT buttons, but featured a small microphone. Relatively few games made use of this feature. The earliest produced Famicom units initially had square A and B buttons. This was changed to the circular designs because of the square buttons being caught in the controller casing when pressed down and glitches within the hardware causing the system to freeze occasionally while playing a game.

Q1: How were the Famicom controllers attached to the console?
A1: hardwired
Q2: The second Famicom controller lacked START and what other button?
A2: SELECT
Q3: What did the second Famicom controller have as a unique feature?
A3: microphone
Q4: What shape were the A and B buttons on the earliest Famicom controllers?
A4: square
Q5: What shape did the A and B buttons eventually become?
A5: circular
Title: Post-punk
Topic: Music

The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and modern rock radio stations, a number of post-punk acts had an influence on or became part of the Second British Invasion of "New Music" there. Some shifted to a more commercial new wave sound (such as Gang of Four), while others were fixtures on American college radio and became early examples of alternative rock. Perhaps the most successful band to emerge from post-punk was U2, who combined elements of religious imagery together with political commentary into their often anthemic music.

Q1: How did bands associated with the original post-punk movement cause it to end?
A1: turned away from its aesthetics
Q2: What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in?
A2: pop
Q3: What venue drove a lot of the awareness of the music from the now pop post-punk bands?
A3: MTV
Q4: Where was a lot of the post-punk pop bands played in addition to MTV?
A4: American college radio
Q5: What band combined religious imagery with political commentary into their music?
A5: U2
Q6: What was the death knell of the post-punk movement?
A6: commercial sounds
Q7: What else would the post-punk bands record under?
A7: pop
Q8: What was one of the most popular concepts of the pop movement?
A8: entryism
Q9: What was a driving force behind the revival of the second British Invasion of New Music to America?
A9: MTV and modern rock radio stations
Q10: Who was the most successful band to arrise from post-punk?
A10: U2
Title: Pub
Topic: History

The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.

Q1: What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges?
A1: lodging
Q2: What is the main provision that pubs offer?
A2: alcohol
Q3: What are customers seeking when they visit restaurants or taverns?
A3: food and drink
Q4: What is a noted hotel brand throughout North America?
A4: Holiday Inn
Q5: In the United States, what are operators of lodgings sometimes called?
A5: innkeepers
Title: San_Diego
Topic: Geography and places

The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only a few houses, a pier and an Army depot. In the late 1860s, Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became Downtown San Diego. Horton promoted the area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because of its location on San Diego Bay convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as Old Town, and became the economic and governmental heart of the city. Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878.

Q1: What was the main flaw of San Diego's original location?
A1: several miles away from navigable water
Q2: Who developed New San Diego that was south of the first location?
A2: William Heath Davis
Q3: Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Diego?
A3: Alonzo Horton
Q4: What happened in 1878 that played a role in San Diego's economic growth?
A4: the arrival of a railroad connection
Q5: What was San Diego's downtown area originally called?
A5: New Town
Title: War_on_Terror
Topic: History

The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. A small number of "Afghan Arab" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance. In May 1996 the group World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders (WIFJAJC), sponsored by bin Laden (and later re-formed as al-Qaeda), started forming a large base of operations in Afghanistan, where the Islamist extremist regime of the Taliban had seized power earlier in the year. In February 1998, Osama bin Laden signed a fatwā, as head of al-Qaeda, declaring war on the West and Israel, later in May of that same year al-Qaeda released a video declaring war on the U.S. and the West.

Q1: Which war gave birth to al-Qaeda?
A1: the Soviet war in Afghanistan
Q2: When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan?
A2: February 1989
Q3: Which countries supported Afghan islamists against the Soviets?
A3: United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China
Q4: Who did Osama bin Laden volunteer to help fight in the 80s?
A4: Soviets
Q5: Which group later became al-Qaeda?
A5: World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

The origins of the Ashkenazim are obscure, and many theories have arisen speculating about their ultimate provenance. The most well supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe. The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since pre-Christian times. Many Jews were denied full Roman citizenship until 212 CE, when Emperor Caracalla granted all free peoples this privilege. Jews were required to pay a poll tax until the reign of Emperor Julian in 363. In the late Roman Empire, Jews were free to form networks of cultural and religious ties and enter into various local occupations. But, after Christianity became the official religion of Rome and Constantinople in 380, Jews were increasingly marginalized.

Q1: The most well supported theory on the origins of the Ashkenazim is one that details a Jewish migration through which modern day country?
A1: through what is now Italy
Q2: The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since what time?
A2: pre-Christian times
Q3: Many Jews were denied full Roman citizenship until what year?
A3: 212 CE
Q4: Who gave Jews the right to full Roman citizenship?
A4: Emperor Caracalla
Title: Human_Development_Index
Topic: Social sciences and society

The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). These were devised and launched by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq in 1990 and had the explicit purpose "to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies". To produce the Human Development Reports, Mahbub ul Haq formed a group of development economists including Paul Streeten, Frances Stewart, Gustav Ranis, Keith Griffin, Sudhir Anand, and Meghnad Desai. Working alongside Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, they worked on capabilities and functions that provided the underlying conceptual framework. Haq was sure that a simple composite measure of human development was needed in order to convince the public, academics, and politicians that they can and should evaluate development not only by economic advances but also improvements in human well-being. Sen initially opposed this idea, but he soon went on to help Haq develop the Index. Sen was worried that it was going to be difficult to capture the full complexity of human capabilities in a single index, but Haq persuaded him that only a single number would shift the immediate attention of politicians from economic to human well-being.

Q1: In what year did Mahbub ul Haq devise and launch the HDI?
A1: 1990
Q2: Who was initially opposed to the idea of creating the HDI?
A2: Amartya Sen
Q3: Mahbub ul Haq was hoping to shift the focus of development economics to what type of policies?
A3: people-centered policies
Q4: Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?
A4: 1990
Title: Samoa
Topic: Geography and places

The origins of the Samoans are closely studied in modern research about Polynesia in various scientific disciplines such as genetics, linguistics and anthropology. Scientific research is ongoing, although a number of different theories exist; including one proposing that the Samoans originated from Austronesian predecessors during the terminal eastward Lapita expansion period from Southeast Asia and Melanesia between 2,500 and 1,500 BCE. The Samoan origins are currently being reassessed due to new scientific evidence and carbon dating findings from 2003 and onwards.

Q1: In what year did new discoveries change the course of research on Samoan origins?
A1: 2003
Q2: In addition to linguistics and genetics, what field of study researches Samoan origins?
A2: anthropology
Q3: One theory posits that Samoans originated from what people during the Lapita expansion period?
A3: Austronesian
Q4: What year marks the end of the period of the terminal eastward Lapita expansion?
A4: 1,500 BCE
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

The origins of the department store lay in the growth of the conspicuous consumer society at the turn of the 19th century. As the Industrial Revolution accelerated economy expansion, the affluent middle-class grew in size and wealth. This urbanized social group, sharing a culture of consumption and changing fashion, was the catalyst for the retail revolution. As rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people, especially women (who found they could shop unaccompanied at department stores without damaging their reputation), with disposable income in the late Georgian period, window shopping was transformed into a leisure activity and entrepreneurs, like the potter Josiah Wedgwood, pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence the prevailing tastes and preferences of society.

Q1: When did the idea of a "consumer society" begin? 
A1: at the turn of the 19th century.
Q2: What social group grew as a result of the industrial revolution? 
A2: the affluent middle-class
Q3: Who was Josiah Wedgewood?
A3: entrepreneurs
Q4: What is one explanation for the rise of retail stores in earlier history?
A4: urbanized social group
Q5: What group of people were suddenly free to go shopping without fears of being judged or reprimanded? 
A5: women
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning "eight" in Proto-Austronesian). Possible evidence of fire in the Caves of Nanumanga may indicate human occupation for thousands of years.

Q1: How many years ago did migrations of people happen in the Pacific area?
A1: 3000 years
Q2: By what means did locale people travel between Pacific islands?
A2: canoe
Q3: How many islands are in the Tuvalu group?
A3: nine islands
Q4: On how many of Tuvalu's islands did people live?
A4: Eight
Q5: What is the native language meaning of Tuvalu?
A5: eight standing together
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

The origins of the szlachta are shrouded in obscurity and mystery and have been the subject of a variety of theories.:207 Traditionally, its members were owners of landed property, often in the form of "manor farms" or so-called folwarks. The nobility negotiated substantial and increasing political and legal privileges for itself throughout its entire history until the decline of the Polish Commonwealth in the late 18th century.

Q1: What is another name for folwarks?
A1: manor farms
Q2: Were the szlachta obscure and mysterious or obvious and proud.
A2: obscurity and mystery
Q3: Around what time was the decline of the polish common wealth.
A3: late 18th century
Q4: WHat did the commonwealth increase before it declined.
A4: political and legal privileges
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

The origins of the szlachta, while ancient, have always been considered obscure.:207 As a result, its members often referred to it as odwieczna (perennial).:207 Two popular historic theories of origin forwarded by its members and earlier historians and chroniclers involved descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians or from Japheth, one of Noah's sons (by contrast, the peasantry were said to be the offspring of another son of Noah, Ham—and hence subject to bondage under the Curse of Ham—and the Jews as the offspring of Shem). Other fanciful theories included its foundation by Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great:207 or regional leaders who had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens'.:208

Q1: Have the origins of the szlachta been clear or obscure?
A1: obscure
Q2: What did they use to refer to the origin of szlactha?
A2: odwieczna
Q3: What was one historic theory of the szlachta origins?
A3: descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians
Q4: What was another regional leader involved in the origins of szlachta?
A4: Alexander the Great
Q5: What was important and unique about regional leaders?
A5: had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens
Title: Aspirated_consonant
Topic: Language and literature

The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot, likely had the same three-way distinction at one point, but Doric seems to have had a fricative in place of /tʰ/ in the Classical period, and the Ionic and Aeolic dialects sometimes lost aspiration (psilosis).

Q1: Dialects such as Aeolic and Doric had how many distinctions that were the same at one point in time?
A1: three
Q2: Which two dialects lost aspiration at times?
A2: Ionic and Aeolic
Q3: Rather than /tʰ/, what did the Doric dialect have in place during the Classical period?
A3: fricative
Title: Iranian_languages
Topic: Language and literature

The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes).

Q1: What ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes Old Iranian language?
A1: Avestan
Q2: What is the contemporary name of the religion which Avesta was part of?
A2: Zoroastrianism
Q3: What language shows a level of maturity corresponding to Old Avestan?
A3: Rigvedic Sanskrit
Q4: What language shows the same level of development as Younger Avestan?
A4: Old Persian
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

The other large cemeteries are the Cementerio del Buceo, Cementerio del Cerro, and Cementerio Paso Molino. The British Cemetery Montevideo (Cementerio Británico) is another of the oldest cemeteries in Uruguay, located in the Buceo neighborhood. Many noblemen and eminent persons are buried there. The cemetery originated when the Englishman Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents in 1828. However, in 1884 the government compensated the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo to accommodate city growth. A section of the cemetery, known as British Cemetery Montevideo Soldiers and Sailors, contains the graves of quite a number of sailors of different nationalities, although the majority are of British descent. One United States Marine, Henry de Costa, is buried here.

Q1: Where is the British Cemetery Montevideo located?
A1: Buceo neighborhood
Q2: Who purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents?
A2: Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood
Q3: When did Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchase a plot of land at the British Cemetery Montevideo? 
A3: 1828
Q4: When did the government compensate the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo?
A4: 1884
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

The other major implication of the Erie doctrine is that federal courts cannot dictate the content of state law when there is no federal issue (and thus no federal supremacy issue) in a case. When hearing claims under state law pursuant to diversity jurisdiction, federal trial courts must apply the statutory and decisional law of the state in which they sit, as if they were a court of that state, even if they believe that the relevant state law is irrational or just bad public policy. And under Erie, deference is one-way only: state courts are not bound by federal interpretations of state law.

Q1: What is a major implication of the Erie doctrine?
A1: federal courts cannot dictate the content of state law when there is no federal issue
Q2: What are states not bound by?
A2: federal interpretations of state law
Q3: What states that deference is one way only?
A3: Erie doctrine
Q4: What does it mean when Erie states that deference is one way only?
A4: state courts are not bound by federal interpretations of state law