LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

This is not surprising, though: While the greatest number of slaves imported from Africa were sent to Brazil, totalizing roughly 3.5 million people, they lived in such miserable conditions that male African Y-DNA there is significantly rare due to the lack of resources and time involved with raising of children, so that most African descent originarily came from relations between white masters and female slaves. From the last decades of the Empire until the 1950s, the proportion of the white population increased significantly while Brazil welcomed 5.5 million immigrants between 1821 and 1932, not much behind its neighbor Argentina with 6.4 million, and it received more European immigrants in its colonial history than the United States. Between 1500 and 1760, 700.000 Europeans settled in Brazil, while 530.000 Europeans settled in the United States for the same given time. Thus, the historical construction of race in Brazilian society dealt primarily with gradations between persons of majoritarily European ancestry and little minority groups with otherwise lower quantity therefrom in recent times.

Q1: What is roughly the amount of African slaves imported to Brazil?
A1: 3.5 million
Q2: What conditions did the African slaves in Brazil live in?
A2: miserable
Q3: Most African descent in Brazil came from what sort of congress?
A3: relations between white masters and female slaves
Q4: Between what years did Brazil welcome 5.5 million immigrants?
A4: 1821 and 1932
Q5: Between 1500 and 1760, how many Europeans settled in Brazil?
A5: 700.000
Title: Alfred_North_Whitehead
Topic: Philosophy and religion

This is not to say that Whitehead's thought was widely accepted or even well-understood. His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon. Even professional philosophers struggled to follow Whitehead's writings. One famous story illustrating the level of difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy centers around the delivery of Whitehead's Gifford lectures in 1927–28 – following Arthur Eddington's lectures of the year previous – which Whitehead would later publish as Process and Reality:

Q1: In all of the western canon, what is Whitehead's work considered?
A1: the most difficult to understand
Q2: Who also struggled to follow Whitehead's writings?
A2: professional philosophers
Q3: When did Whitehead delivery the Gifford lectures?
A3: 1927–28
Q4: Following Arthur Eddington's lectures, what did Whitehead  publish?
A4: Process and Reality
Q5: What is the general opinion of the difficulty level of Whitehead's work in philosophy?
A5: generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon
Q6: What lectures did Whitehead present in 1927-28?
A6: Gifford lectures
Q7: Under what name were those lectures later published?
A7: Process and Reality
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

This is the passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force or Air Force-protected networks, the Air Force's portion of the Global Information Grid, or expeditionary communications assigned to the Air Force. Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, computer network defense (CND), and CNA techniques and may be a contributor to influence operations. It is highly dependent upon ISR, fused all-source intelligence, automated indications and warning, sophisticated attribution/characterization, situational awareness, assessment, and responsive C2.

Q1: Who responds with the employment of capabilities where there is a threat?
A1: Air Force
Q2: What is the definition of CND?
A2: computer network defense
Q3: What does Cyberspace defense include?
A3: CNE, computer network defense (CND), and CNA techniques
Q4: What is one of the things that Cyberspace defense highly dependent on? 
A4: fused all-source intelligence
Q5: What branch of the military is in charge of Cyberspace defense? 
A5: Air Force
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

This large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been found. Among these are pieces blasted off the Moon, and probably Mars, by impacts. These specimens, particularly ALH84001 discovered by ANSMET, are at the center of the controversy about possible evidence of microbial life on Mars. Because meteorites in space absorb and record cosmic radiation, the time elapsed since the meteorite hit the Earth can be determined from laboratory studies. The elapsed time since fall, or terrestrial residence age, of a meteorite represents more information that might be useful in environmental studies of Antarctic ice sheets.

Q1: How do the meteorites found in Antarctica add to knowledge about the solar system?
A1: better understanding
Q2: Beside rare types of meteorites, what other types of meteorites have been found in Antarctica?
A2: New types
Q3: From where in the solar system could the meteorites have come?
A3: Moon
Q4: About what nearby planet could the Antarctic meteorites hold data?
A4: Mars
Q5: What do meteorites absorb that can be used to understand how old the meteorite is?
A5: cosmic radiation
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

This law is a fundamental principle of physics. As shown rigorously by Noether's theorem, the conservation of energy is a mathematical consequence of translational symmetry of time, a property of most phenomena below the cosmic scale that makes them independent of their locations on the time coordinate. Put differently, yesterday, today, and tomorrow are physically indistinguishable. This is because energy is the quantity which is canonical conjugate to time. This mathematical entanglement of energy and time also results in the uncertainty principle - it is impossible to define the exact amount of energy during any definite time interval. The uncertainty principle should not be confused with energy conservation - rather it provides mathematical limits to which energy can in principle be defined and measured.

Q1: What shows that the conservation of energy is a mathematical consequence of translational symmetry of time?
A1: Noether's theorem
Q2: What is the quantity which is canonical conjugate to time?
A2: energy
Q3: This mathematical entanglement of energy and time results in what?
A3: the uncertainty principle
Q4: What states it is impossible to define the exact amount of energy during any definite time interval?
A4: uncertainty principle
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

This led Popper to conclude that what were regarded[by whom?] as the remarkable strengths of psychoanalytical theories were actually their weaknesses. Psychoanalytical theories were crafted in a way that made them able to refute any criticism and to give an explanation for every possible form of human behaviour. The nature of such theories made it impossible for any criticism or experiment - even in principle - to show them to be false. This realisation had an important consequence when Popper later tackled the problem of demarcation in the philosophy of science, as it led him to posit that the strength of a scientific theory lies in its both being susceptible to falsification, and not actually being falsified by criticism made of it. He considered that if a theory cannot, in principle, be falsified by criticism, it is not a scientific theory.

Q1: According to Popper, a theory is scientific only is it is susceptible to what?
A1: falsification
Q2: What key components of science are ineffective when brought to bear on non-scientific theories?
A2: criticism or experiment
Q3: How did Popper characterize the wide applicability and immunity to criticism of psychoanalytic theory?
A3: weaknesses
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

This liberalization, however, fostered nationalist movements and ethnic disputes within the Soviet Union. It also led indirectly to the revolutions of 1989, in which Soviet-imposed communist regimes of the Warsaw Pact were peacefully toppled (Romania excepted), which in turn increased pressure on Gorbachev to introduce greater democracy and autonomy for the Soviet Union's constituent republics. Under Gorbachev's leadership, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1989 introduced limited competitive elections to a new central legislature, the Congress of People's Deputies (although the ban on other political parties was not lifted until 1990).

Q1: What were some of the downsides of the more liberal Soviet Union?
A1: nationalist movements and ethnic disputes
Q2: In which country did Warsaw Pact regime remain in place?
A2: Romania
Q3: What party did Gorbachev belong to?
A3: Communist Party
Q4: What was the name of the legislative body that was brought into existance in 1989?
A4: Congress of People's Deputies
Q5: When were opposition parties first allowed in the Soviet Union?
A5: 1990
Title: Bras%C3%ADlia
Topic: Geography and places

This makes for a large number of takeoffs and landings and it is not unusual for flights to be delayed in the holding pattern before landing. Following the airport's master plan, Infraero built a second runway, which was finished in 2006. In 2007, the airport handled 11,119,872 passengers. The main building's third floor, with 12 thousand square meters, has a panoramic deck, a food court, shops, four movie theatres with total capacity of 500 people, and space for exhibitions. Brasília Airport has 136 vendor spaces. The airport is located about 11 km (6.8 mi) from the central area of Brasília, outside the metro system. The area outside the airport's main gate is lined with taxis as well as several bus line services which connect the airport to Brasília's central district. The parking lot accommodates 1,200 cars. The airport is serviced by domestic and regional airlines (TAM, GOL, Azul, WebJET, Trip and Avianca), in addition to a number of international carriers. In 2012, Brasília's International Airport was won by the InfrAmerica consortium, formed by the Brazilian engineering company ENGEVIX and the Argentine Corporacion America holding company, with a 50% stake each. During the 25-year concession, the airport may be expanded to up to 40 million passengers a year.

Q1: When did Brasilia's airport add a second runway?
A1: 2006
Q2: How many passengers came through Brasilia's airport in 2007?
A2: 11,119,872
Q3: How many movie theaters are in Brasilia's airport?
A3: four
Q4: How many vendor spaces are in Brasilia's airport?
A4: 136
Q5: How many parking spaces are there at Brasilia's airport?
A5: 1,200
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

This makes it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history. Some columnists in The Times are connected to the Conservative Party such as Daniel Finkelstein, Tim Montgomerie, Matthew Parris and Matt Ridley, but there are also columnists connected to the Labour Party such as David Aaronovitch, Phil Collins, Oliver Kamm and Jenni Russell.

Q1: What is the name of the newspaper with the most varied political support in British history?
A1: The Times
Q2: Which political party is The Times columnist, Daniel Finkelstein, associated with?
A2: Conservative Party
Q3: Which political party is The Times columnist, David Aaronovitch, associated with?
A3: Labour Party
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb "hill"; "Albania" is a related derivation. Albania, a name not native to the region known as the country of Albania, has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe. In Roman times, "Albania" was a name for the eastern Caucasus, while in the English language "Albania" (or "Albany") was occasionally used as a name for Scotland.

Q1: There is a theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of what origin? 
A1: Indo-European origin
Q2: What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe? 
A2: Albania
Q3: Albania was a name for what during Roman Times? 
A3: the eastern Caucasus
Q4: Albania was occasionally used as a name for what in the English language? 
A4: Scotland
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology

This may be managed directly on an individual basis, or by the assignment of individuals and privileges to groups, or (in the most elaborate models) through the assignment of individuals and groups to roles which are then granted entitlements. Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or subsets of it called "subschemas". For example, an employee database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorized to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data. If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the database, as well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal databases.

Q1: What does data security avoid?
A1: unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database
Q2: What is a subset of a database called that can be accessed by using a password?
A2: subschemas
Q3: What is possible when a DBMS interrogate and update a database?
A3: managing personal databases
Title: Anthropology
Topic: Social sciences and society

This meagre statistic expanded in the 20th century to comprise anthropology departments in the majority of the world's higher educational institutions, many thousands in number. Anthropology has diversified from a few major subdivisions to dozens more. Practical anthropology, the use of anthropological knowledge and technique to solve specific problems, has arrived; for example, the presence of buried victims might stimulate the use of a forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene. Organization has reached global level. For example, the World Council of Anthropological Associations (WCAA), "a network of national, regional and international associations that aims to promote worldwide communication and cooperation in anthropology", currently contains members from about three dozen nations.

Q1: What did the 20th century see the expansion of anthropology departments into?
A1: majority of the world's higher educational institutions
Q2: What was anthropology diversified into dozens of?
A2: subdivisions
Q3: What type of anthropology is used to solve specific problems?
A3: Practical
Q4: What does a forensic archaeologist become stimulated to do in the presence of buried victims?
A4: recreate the final scene
Q5: From how many nations does the WCAA boast members from?
A5: about three dozen
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

This means that a 5% reduction in operating voltage will more than double the life of the bulb, at the expense of reducing its light output by about 16%. This may be a very acceptable trade off for a light bulb that is in a difficult-to-access location (for example, traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings). Long-life bulbs take advantage of this trade-off. Since the value of the electric power they consume is much more than the value of the lamp, general service lamps emphasize efficiency over long operating life. The objective is to minimize the cost of light, not the cost of lamps. Early bulbs had a life of up to 2500 hours, but in 1924 a cartel agreed to limit life to 1000 hours. When this was exposed in 1953, General Electric and other leading American manufacturers were banned from limiting the life.

Q1: What level of voltage reduction is required to double the life of an incandescent bulb?
A1: a 5% reduction in operating voltage
Q2: When did light bulb manufacturers establish a cartel to limit bulb life?
A2: 1924
Q3: When did authorities break up the light bulb cartel?
A3: 1953
Q4: What was the artificially low limit on bulb life placed by the cartel?
A4: 1000 hours
Q5: What is an example of a good application for a long-life bulb?
A5: difficult-to-access location (for example, traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings)
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficient capital to support that additional lending volume". The authors also indicate that some forms of securitization are "likely to vanish forever, having been an artifact of excessively loose credit conditions". While traditional banks have raised their lending standards, it was the collapse of the shadow banking system that is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing.

Q1: How much of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen until June 2009?
A1: nearly one-third
Q2: What is the primary cause of the reduction in funds available for borrowing?
A2: the collapse of the shadow banking system
Q3: What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism?
A3: Brookings Institution
Q4: What is likely to vanish forever, as a result of excessively loose credit conditions?
A4: some forms of securitization
Q5: As of June 2009, the Brookings Institution reports that traditional banking system does not have enough of what to close the lending gap?
A5: capital
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

This method involves coating LEDs of one color (mostly blue LEDs made of InGaN) with phosphors of different colors to form white light; the resultant LEDs are called phosphor-based or phosphor-converted white LEDs (pcLEDs). A fraction of the blue light undergoes the Stokes shift being transformed from shorter wavelengths to longer. Depending on the color of the original LED, phosphors of different colors can be employed. If several phosphor layers of distinct colors are applied, the emitted spectrum is broadened, effectively raising the color rendering index (CRI) value of a given LED.

Q1: What method involves coating LEDs of one color with phosphors of different colors?
A1: phosphor-converted white LEDs (pcLEDs)
Q2: In pcLEDs method, a fraction of what light is used?
A2: blue
Q3: What shift does blue light undergo in the pcLEDs method?
A3: Stokes
Q4: The different colors of phosphors that can be used is based on what?
A4: the color of the original LED
Q5: What broadens the emitted spectrum in a pcLEDs method?
A5: If several phosphor layers of distinct colors are applied
Title: Compact_disc
Topic: Engineering and technology

This method produces the clear plastic blank part of the disc. After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press. To prepare to press a CD, a glass master is made, using a high-powered laser on a device similar to a CD writer. The glass master is a positive image of the desired CD surface (with the desired microscopic pits and lands). After testing, it is used to make a die by pressing it against a metal disc.

Q1: What materials can be used to make the reflective layer on a CD?
A1: usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal
Q2: What type of light is used to cure CDs?
A2: UV
Q3: What is a glass master?
A3: positive image of the desired CD surface
Q4: How are glass masters created?
A4: high-powered laser
Title: Biodiversity
Topic: Natural sciences

This multilevel construct is consistent with Dasmann and Lovejoy. An explicit definition consistent with this interpretation was first given in a paper by Bruce A. Wilcox commissioned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) for the 1982 World National Parks Conference. Wilcox's definition was "Biological diversity is the variety of life forms...at all levels of biological systems (i.e., molecular, organismic, population, species and ecosystem)...". The 1992 United Nations Earth Summit defined "biological diversity" as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems". This definition is used in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.

Q1: Who is the author of the biodiversity research paper?
A1: Bruce A. Wilcox
Q2: Who commissioned the biodiversity research paper?
A2: International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
Q3: At what event was the biodiversity research paper presented?
A3: 1982 World National Parks Conference
Q4: What year did the United Nations Earth Summit define "biological diversity"?
A4: 1992
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life. Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order, but do not consistently accept all of the details contained in his biographies.

Q1: The Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada is attributed to who?
A1: Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada
Q2: What are some other biographies that differ from the Jataka tales?
A2: Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra
Q3: What do scholars recognize about the life of the Buddha?
A3: Most accept that he lived, taught and founded a monastic order
Q4: When was the Buddhagohosa written?
A4: 5th century CE
Q5: What is one of the earlier biographies on Buddhism?
A5: the Buddhacarita
Q6: Who founded a monastic order in his life?
A6: Buddha
Q7: Scholars do not make claims without evidence about who's life?
A7: Buddha
Q8: Most accept that Buddha lived and taught in what type of order?
A8: monastic
Q9: The Jataka tales of the Theravada happened in what century?
A9: 5th ce
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture, including public media outlets, government agencies, and private companies. In 2012, a number of high-profile cases highlighted the legal and community attitude that identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander is not dependent on skin colour, with a well-known boxer Anthony Mundine being widely criticised for questioning the "blackness" of another boxer and journalist Andrew Bolt being successfully sued for publishing discriminatory comments about Aboriginals with light skin.

Q1: What did the improvements in quality of life increase?
A1: people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
Q2: What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done?
A2: resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture,
Q3: In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander?
A3: 2012
Q4: What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness?
A4: Anthony Mundine
Q5: Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments?
A5: Andrew Bolt
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

This new approach liberated scientific speculation from the dogmatic restraints of Aristotelian science, and paved the way for new approaches. Particularly within the field of theories of motion great advances were made, when such scholars as Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators challenged the work of Aristotle. Buridan developed the theory of impetus as the cause of the motion of projectiles, which was an important step towards the modern concept of inertia. The works of these scholars anticipated the heliocentric worldview of Nicolaus Copernicus.

Q1: What did Jean Buridan create to explain the motion of projectiles?
A1: the theory of impetus
Q2: What school of scientific thought was challenged by Jean Buridan and Nicole Oresme?
A2: Aristotelian
Q3: What scientist is most associated with the heliocentric worldview?
A3: Nicolaus Copernicus
Q4: Which scholars made great advances in the theories of motion?
A4: Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators
Q5: Buridan's theory of impetus led to what modern concept?
A5: inertia
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

This new development heralded an explosion in the commercial and personal use of computers and led to the invention of the microprocessor. While the subject of exactly which device was the first microprocessor is contentious, partly due to lack of agreement on the exact definition of the term "microprocessor", it is largely undisputed that the first single-chip microprocessor was the Intel 4004, designed and realized by Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor at Intel.

Q1: What was the name of the first single-chip microprocessor?
A1: Intel 4004
Q2: Who created the Intel 4004 microprocessor?
A2: Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor
Q3: Where did Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, and Stanley Mazor work at?
A3: Intel.
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in efforts to provide air superiority cover for every major fleet in order to ward off enemy aircraft. This extensive usage required the construction of several new 'light' carriers. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USS Bogue, were sometimes purpose-built, but most were converted from merchant ships as a stop-gap measure to provide anti-submarine air support for convoys and amphibious invasions. Following this concept, light aircraft carriers built by the US, such as USS Independence, represented a larger, more "militarized" version of the escort carrier. Although with similar complement to Escort carriers, they had the advantage of speed from their converted cruiser hulls. The UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier was designed for building quickly by civilian shipyards and with an expected service life of about 3 years. They served the Royal Navy during the war and was the hull design chosen for nearly all aircraft carrier equipped navies after the war until the 1980s. Emergencies also spurred the creation or conversion of highly unconventional aircraft carriers. CAM ships, were cargo-carrying merchant ships that could launch (but not retrieve) a single fighter aircraft from a catapult to defend the convoy from long range German aircraft.

Q1: What type of aircraft carrier was the USS Bogue?
A1: Escort
Q2: What type of aircraft was the USS Independence?
A2: light
Q3: What advantage did light carriers have over escort carriers?
A3: speed
Q4: What was the expected serice life of the UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier?
A4: 3 years
Q5: Who did the UK 1941 Design Light Fleet Carriers serve during the war?
A5: Royal Navy
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns.

Q1: Who was Paris's first head of police?
A1: Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie
Q2: How many commissioners worked under Reynie?
A2: 44
Q3: How many policing districts was Paris divided into?
A3: 16
Q4: When was Paris's police system expanded to the rest of France?
A4: October 1699
Q5: When were police inspectors added to Paris's police?
A5: 1709
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

This period also saw some contacts with Jesuits and Capuchins from Europe, and in 1774 a Scottish nobleman, George Bogle, came to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade for the British East India Company. However, in the 19th century the situation of foreigners in Tibet grew more tenuous. The British Empire was encroaching from northern India into the Himalayas, the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Russian Empire were expanding into Central Asia and each power became suspicious of the others' intentions in Tibet.

Q1: When did George Bogle come to Shigatse to investigate prospects of trade.
A1: 1774
Q2: Who came to Tibet from Europe?
A2: Jesuits and Capuchins
Q3: When did the British and Russian empires begin encroaching on Tibet?
A3: 19th century
Title: Sumer
Topic: History

This period is generally taken to coincide with a major shift in population from southern Mesopotamia toward the north. Ecologically, the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands was being compromised as a result of rising salinity. Soil salinity in this region had been long recognized as a major problem. Poorly drained irrigated soils, in an arid climate with high levels of evaporation, led to the buildup of dissolved salts in the soil, eventually reducing agricultural yields severely. During the Akkadian and Ur III phases, there was a shift from the cultivation of wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley, but this was insufficient, and during the period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it is estimated that the population in this area declined by nearly three fifths. This greatly upset the balance of power within the region, weakening the areas where Sumerian was spoken, and comparatively strengthening those where Akkadian was the major language. Henceforth Sumerian would remain only a literary and liturgical language, similar to the position occupied by Latin in medieval Europe.

Q1: What effect was rising salinity having on the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands?
A1: compromised
Q2: The salinity of what in the region was long recognized as a major problem?
A2: Soil
Q3: Poorly drained irrigated soils in an arid climate with a good deal of evaporation is responsible for leaving what?
A3: dissolved salts
Q4: What did cultivation shift from to salt-tolerant barley during the Ur III phase?
A4: wheat
Q5: How much did the population of the region decline due to the decrease in crop productivity? 
A5: by nearly three fifths
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

This period marks the first known spread of Buddhism beyond India. According to the edicts of Aśoka, emissaries were sent to various countries west of India to spread Buddhism (Dharma), particularly in eastern provinces of the neighboring Seleucid Empire, and even farther to Hellenistic kingdoms of the Mediterranean. It is a matter of disagreement among scholars whether or not these emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist missionaries.

Q1: Emissaries were sent to various countries to what direct from India?
A1: west
Q2: Scholars disagree on whether emissaries were accompanied by Buddhist what?
A2: missionaries
Q3: What were the emissaries used for?
A3: to spread Buddhism
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Polish forces spearheaded by the Polish king Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna. The alliance of the Holy League pressed home the advantage of the defeat at Vienna, culminating in the Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699), which ended the Great Turkish War. The Ottomans surrendered control of significant territories, many permanently. Mustafa II (1695–1703) led the counterattack of 1695–96 against the Habsburgs in Hungary, but was undone at the disastrous defeat at Zenta (in modern Serbia), 11 September 1697.

Q1: Which Grand Vizier attempted a siege of Vienna in 1683?
A1: Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha
Q2: What was the war that took place from 1683 to 1687 known as?
A2: the Great Turkish War
Q3: Which polish king led the fight against the Ottoman empire in the Battle of Vienna?
A3: Jan III Sobieski
Q4: What was the alliance against the late 17th century Ottoman empire known as?
A4: the Holy League
Q5: What treaty was signed 26 January 1699?
A5: Treaty of Karlowitz
Title: 51st_state
Topic: Language and literature

This position was carried by the D.C. Statehood Party, a political party; it has since merged with the local Green Party affiliate to form the D.C. Statehood Green Party. The nearest this movement ever came to success was in 1978, when Congress passed the District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment. Two years later in 1980, local citizens passed an initiative calling for a constitutional convention for a new state. In 1982, voters ratified the constitution of the state, which was to be called New Columbia. The drive for statehood stalled in 1985, however, when the Washington, D.C. Voting Rights Amendment failed because not enough states ratified the amendment within the seven-year span specified.

Q1: What party carried the position of D.C. Statehood?
A1: D.C. Statehood Party
Q2: What party did the D.C. Statehood Party merge when?
A2: the local Green Party affiliate
Q3: When did the movement get closest to success?
A3: 1978
Q4: What would be the new name of the D.C. State?
A4: New Columbia
Q5: When did the drive for statehood falter?
A5: 1985
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a number of corners. In late 1953 McCarthy declared on national television that the employment of communists within the government was a menace and would be a pivotal issue in the 1954 Senate elections. Eisenhower was urged to respond directly and specify the various measures he had taken to purge the government of communists. Nevertheless, he refused.

Q1: In what year did Joseph McCarthy declare that the federal government was employing communists?
A1: 1953
Q2: What did Eisenhower do when he was encouraged to respond to McCarthy's accusations?
A2: he refused
Q3: Why did Eisenhower ignore McCarthy?
A3: facilitate relations with Congress
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

This principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy. Entropy is a measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system. When an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom (i.e., given new available energy states that are the same as existing states), then total energy spreads over all available degrees equally without distinction between "new" and "old" degrees. This mathematical result is called the second law of thermodynamics.

Q1: What is the principle that is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy?
A1: entropy
Q2: What is entropy?
A2: measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system
Q3: What is the mathematical result when an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom?
A3: second law of thermodynamics
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

This problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover. The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the Western approach to Prussian territory extremely vulnerable. Frederick sent urgent requests to Britain for more substantial assistance, as he was now without any outside military support for his forces in Germany.

Q1: What Hanoverian leader lost the Battle of Hastenbeck?
A1: Cumberland
Q2: What country won the battle at Hanover?
A2: French
Q3: How would one describe the future participation of Hanover?
A3: Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war
Q4: How did Frederick respond to the defeat at Hanover?
A4: Frederick sent urgent requests to Britain for more substantial assistance
Title: Web_browser
Topic: Engineering and technology

This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as https: for HTTPS, ftp: for the File Transfer Protocol, and file: for local files. Prefixes that the web browser cannot directly handle are often handed off to another application entirely. For example, mailto: URIs are usually passed to the user's default e-mail application, and news: URIs are passed to the user's default newsgroup reader.

Q1: What does URL stand for?
A1: Uniform Resource Locator
Q2: What is the determining factor in how a URL will be interpreted?
A2: The prefix of the URL
Q3: What does http stand for?
A3: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Q4: What does ftp stand for?
A4: File Transfer Protocol
Q5: A news: prefix is given to the user's what?
A5: default newsgroup reader
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

This reaction is favored at low pressures but is nonetheless conducted at high pressures (2.0  MPa, 20 atm or 600 inHg). This is because high-pressure H
2 is the most marketable product and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) purification systems work better at higher pressures. The product mixture is known as "synthesis gas" because it is often used directly for the production of methanol and related compounds. Hydrocarbons other than methane can be used to produce synthesis gas with varying product ratios. One of the many complications to this highly optimized technology is the formation of coke or carbon:

Q1: At what pressure does PSA work best in?
A1: high pressures
Q2: What is synthesis gas used for?
A2: production of methanol
Q3: Besides methane, what else can be used to produce synthesis gas?
A3: Hydrocarbons
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

This season also saw the launch of the American Idol Songwriter contest which allows fans to vote for the "coronation song". Thousands of recordings of original songs were submitted by songwriters, and 20 entries selected for the public vote. The winning song, "This Is My Now", was performed by both finalists during the finale and released by Sparks on May 24, 2007.

Q1: In what year did American Idol begin a contest to decide the winners single?
A1: 2007
Q2: What is the first song released by Jordin Sparks after winning American Idol?
A2: This Is My Now
Q3: How was "This is My Now" decided as the first single for the American Idol winner in 2007?
A3: public vote
Q4: Which contest started during this season?
A4: American Idol Songwriter contest
Q5: Fans could vote for what during this contest?
A5: coronation song
Q6: Of the thousands of songs entered, how many were the public able to vote for?
A6: 20
Q7: What song won the contest?
A7: This Is My Now
Q8: When did Sparks release her version of the song?
A8: May 24, 2007
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

This season saw the first Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event, which raised more than $76 million in corporate and viewer donations. No contestant was eliminated that week, but two (Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson) were eliminated the next. Melinda Doolittle was eliminated in the final three.

Q1: What was the name of the charity event on season six of American Idol?
A1: Idol Gives Back
Q2: How much money did the Idol Gives Back event raise in 2007?
A2: $76 million
Q3: What singer came in third on the sixth season of American Idol?
A3: Melinda Doolittle
Q4: What was the charity event that occurred this season?
A4: Idol Gives Back
Q5: Which two contestants were eliminated the following week?
A5: Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson
Q6: Who was eliminated on the Top 3 show?
A6: Melinda Doolittle
Title: Group_(mathematics)
Topic: Mathematics

This set inherits a group operation (sometimes called coset multiplication, or coset addition) from the original group G: (gN) • (hN) = (gh)N for all g and h in G. This definition is motivated by the idea (itself an instance of general structural considerations outlined above) that the map G → G / N that associates to any element g its coset gN be a group homomorphism, or by general abstract considerations called universal properties. The coset eN = N serves as the identity in this group, and the inverse of gN in the quotient group is (gN)−1 = (g−1)N.e[›]

Q1: What is another term for coset multiplication?
A1: coset addition
Q2: What group operation is taken by the set from the original group?
A2: coset multiplication
Q3: What group does the inverse of gN include?
A3: quotient group
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

This situation prevailed until 1639, when most of Alsace was conquered by France so as to keep it out of the hands of the Spanish Habsburgs, who wanted a clear road to their valuable and rebellious possessions in the Spanish Netherlands. Beset by enemies and seeking to gain a free hand in Hungary, the Habsburgs sold their Sundgau territory (mostly in Upper Alsace) to France in 1646, which had occupied it, for the sum of 1.2 million Thalers. When hostilities were concluded in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia, most of Alsace was recognized as part of France, although some towns remained independent. The treaty stipulations regarding Alsace were complex; although the French king gained sovereignty, existing rights and customs of the inhabitants were largely preserved. France continued to maintain its customs border along the Vosges mountains where it had been, leaving Alsace more economically oriented to neighbouring German-speaking lands. The German language remained in use in local administration, in schools, and at the (Lutheran) University of Strasbourg, which continued to draw students from other German-speaking lands. The 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau, by which the French king ordered the suppression of French Protestantism, was not applied in Alsace. France did endeavour to promote Catholicism; Strasbourg Cathedral, for example, which had been Lutheran from 1524 to 1681, was returned to the Catholic Church. However, compared to the rest of France, Alsace enjoyed a climate of religious tolerance.

Q1: When did the Habsburgs  sell the Sundgau territory to France?
A1: 1646
Q2: How much did France pay for Sundgau?
A2: 1.2 million Thalers
Q3: In 1685 Edict Fontainebleau by way of the French King ordered what to be done?
A3: the suppression of French Protestantism
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans. Loans to Armenia since 1993 exceed $1.1 billion. These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficit and stabilizing the currency; developing private businesses; energy; agriculture; food processing; transportation; the health and education sectors; and ongoing rehabilitation in the earthquake zone. The government joined the World Trade Organization on 5 February 2003. But one of the main sources of foreign direct investments remains the Armenian diaspora, which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and other public projects. Being a growing democratic state, Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from the Western World.

Q1: What does IMF stand for?
A1: International Monetary Fund
Q2: What dos EBRD stand for?
A2: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Q3: What does IFI stand for?
A3: international financial institutions
Q4: How much in loans has Armenia received since 1993?
A4: $1.1 billion
Q5: When did Armenia become a part of the World Trade Organization?
A5: 5 February 2003
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

This still left open the question of whether the opposite of approach in the prefrontal cortex is better described as moving away (Direction Model), as unmoving but with strength and resistance (Movement Model), or as unmoving with passive yielding (Action Tendency Model). Support for the Action Tendency Model (passivity related to right prefrontal activity) comes from research on shyness and research on behavioral inhibition. Research that tested the competing hypotheses generated by all four models also supported the Action Tendency Model.

Q1: What model described the opposite of approach as moving away?
A1: Direction Model
Q2: What model described the opposite of approach as unmoving but with resistance and strength?
A2: Movement Model
Q3: According to the Action Tendency Model, the opposite of approach is described as unmoving with what?
A3: passive yielding
Q4: Along with behavioral inhibition, research on what trait resulted in support for the Action Tendency Model?
A4: shyness
Title: Cubism
Topic: Art and architecture

This technique of representing simultaneity, multiple viewpoints (or relative motion) is pushed to a high degree of complexity in Gleizes' monumental Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing), exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or, Le Fauconnier’s Abundance shown at the Indépendants of 1911, and Delaunay's City of Paris, shown at the Indépendants in 1912. These ambitious works are some of the largest paintings in the history of Cubism. Léger’s The Wedding, also shown at the Salon des Indépendants in 1912, gave form to the notion of simultaneity by presenting different motifs as occurring within a single temporal frame, where responses to the past and present interpenetrate with collective force. The conjunction of such subject matter with simultaneity aligns Salon Cubism with early Futurist paintings by Umberto Boccioni, Gino Severini and Carlo Carrà; themselves made in response to early Cubism.

Q1: What did the technique in Gliezes' piece Le Depiquage represent?
A1: relative motion)
Q2: Who painted the Wedding, show at Salon des Independants in 1912?
A2: Léger
Q3: Which of Gliezes pieces was featured at Salon de la Section d'Or? 
A3: Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing)
Title: Videoconferencing
Topic: History

This technique was very expensive, though, and could not be used for applications such as telemedicine, distance education, and business meetings. Attempts at using normal telephony networks to transmit slow-scan video, such as the first systems developed by AT&T Corporation, first researched in the 1950s, failed mostly due to the poor picture quality and the lack of efficient video compression techniques. The greater 1 MHz bandwidth and 6 Mbit/s bit rate of the Picturephone in the 1970s also did not achieve commercial success, mostly due to its high cost, but also due to a lack of network effect —with only a few hundred Picturephones in the world, users had extremely few contacts they could actually call to, and interoperability with other videophone systems would not exist for decades.

Q1: What is one area where teleconferencing could not be used?
A1: telemedicine
Q2: Who developed the first systems to transmit slow-scan video?
A2: AT&T Corporation
Q3: When was the first slow-scan video systems researched?
A3: the 1950s
Q4: What was the bit rate of AT&T's Picturephone?
A4: 6 Mbit/s
Q5: What was the bandwidth of AT&T's Picturephone?
A5: 1 MHz