LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

By spring 1950, Stalin believed the strategic situation had changed. The Soviets had detonated their first nuclear bomb in September 1949; American soldiers had fully withdrawn from Korea; the Americans had not intervened to stop the communist victory in China, and Stalin calculated that the Americans would be even less willing to fight in Korea—which had seemingly much less strategic significance. The Soviets had also cracked the codes used by the US to communicate with the US embassy in Moscow, and reading these dispatches convinced Stalin that Korea did not have the importance to the US that would warrant a nuclear confrontation. Stalin began a more aggressive strategy in Asia based on these developments, including promising economic and military aid to China through the Sino–Soviet Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance Treaty.

Q1: When did the Soviets first detonate a nuclear bomb?
A1: 1949
Q2: What treaty did Stalin and China enter into?
A2: Sino–Soviet Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance Treaty
Q3: What country did not prevent a Communist victory in China?
A3: US
Q4: Who was convinced that the US did was no longer interested in Korea?
A4: Stalin
Q5: Where did Stalin engage in an aggressive political strategy?
A5: Asia
Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States
Topic: History

By summer 1918, a million American soldiers, or "doughboys" as they were often called, of the American Expeditionary Forces were in Europe under the command of John J. Pershing, with 25,000 more arriving every week. The failure of Germany's spring offensive exhausted its reserves and they were unable to launch new offensives. The German Navy and home front then revolted and a new German government signed a conditional surrender, the Armistice, ending the war against the western front on November 11, 1918.

Q1: What was the name given to American soldiers in Europe in 1918?
A1: doughboys
Q2: What was the official name of the American army that went to fight in Europe in 1918?
A2: American Expeditionary Forces
Q3: Who had overall command of the American forces in Europe?
A3: John J. Pershing
Q4: When did fighting on the western front end?
A4: November 11, 1918
Q5: What was the name of the conditional surrender that ended fighting on the western front?
A5: the Armistice
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004
Topic: History

By summer of 2003, Howard Dean had become the apparent front runner for the Democratic nomination, performing strongly in most polls and leading the pack with the largest campaign war chest. Dean's strength as a fund raiser was attributed mainly to his embrace of the Internet for campaigning. The majority of his donations came from individual supporters, who became known as Deanites, or, more commonly, Deaniacs. Generally regarded as a pragmatic centrist during his time as governor, Dean emerged during his presidential campaign as a left-wing populist, denouncing the policies of the Bush administration (especially the 2003 invasion of Iraq) as well as fellow Democrats, who, in his view, failed to strongly oppose them. Senator Lieberman, a liberal on domestic issues but a hawk on the War on Terror, failed to gain traction with liberal Democratic primary voters.

Q1: Who became the Democratic nominee, half way through 2003?
A1: Howard Dean
Q2: Dean's admiration for internet campaigning accredited his strength as what?
A2: a fund raiser
Q3: What did Dean's backers become known as?
A3: Deaniacs
Q4: What government position has Howard Dean previously held?
A4: governor
Q5: Which of Bush's policies did Dean criticize most notably?
A5: the 2003 invasion of Iraq
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

By synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of Standard Time (one hour "fast"), individuals who follow such a year-round schedule will wake an hour earlier than they would have otherwise; they will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier, and they will have available to them an extra hour of daylight after their workday activities. However, they will have one less hour of daylight at the start of each day, making the policy less practical during winter.

Q1: How much earlier do people's routines happen because of daylight savings?
A1: one hour
Q2: In which season is the policy of setting clocks ahead least practical?
A2: winter
Q3: Does setting the clocks ahead add an hour of daylight before or after the normal workday?
A3: after
Q4: What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?
A4: Standard Time
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it would give ammunition to those who were advocating repatriating black people back to Africa. In 1835, black leaders called upon Black Americans to remove the title of "African" from their institutions and replace it with "Negro" or "Colored American". A few institutions chose to keep their historic names, such as the African Methodist Episcopal Church. African Americans popularly used the terms "Negro" or "colored" for themselves until the late 1960s.

Q1: Why did the use of "African" become an issue?
A1: the majority of black people in the United States were native-born
Q2: Why did blacks fear to identify as African?
A2: would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US.
Q3: What year did Black leaders call for this change in language?
A3: 1835,
Q4: What group decided to keep the "African" in their name?
A4: the African Methodist Episcopal Church
Q5: What terms did African Americans use instead?
A5: "Negro" or "colored"
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England. Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. Winchester had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London became the main forum for foreign traders and the base for defence in time of war. In the view of Frank Stenton: "It had the resources, and it was rapidly developing the dignity and the political self-consciousness appropriate to a national capital."

Q1: Who rebuilt Westminster Abbey?
A1: King Edward the Confessor
Q2: By which century had London started becoming a prominent capital city?
A2: the 11th century
Q3: What architectural style was Westminster Abbey rebuilt in?
A3: Romanesque
Q4: What historian was quoted as saying that London had all the necessary characteristics to be a major capital city?
A4: Frank Stenton
Q5: Prior to the 11th century, what was Anglo-Saxon England's capital?
A5: Winchester
Title: Gothic_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of building: the cathedral church, the parish church, the monastery, the castle, the palace, the great hall, the gatehouse, the civic building, had been established in the Romanesque period.

Q1: What is Romanesque architecture known as in England?
A1: Norman architecture
Q2: By the beginning of what century was the Romanesque style established all over Europe?
A2: the 12th century
Q3: The Romanesque style continued to affect and inspire  the basic architectural forms throughout which period?
A3: the Medieval period
Q4: What is one important category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period?
A4: the cathedral church
Q5: What is another category of building that was established during the Romanesque period?
A5: the palace
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

By the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian identity within large parts of the Greater Iran. Iran was predominantly Sunni, but Ismail instigated a forced conversion to the Shia branch of Islam, by which the Shia Islam spread throughout the Safavid territories in the Caucasus, Iran, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia. As a result, thereof, the modern-day Iran is the only official Shia nation of the world, with it holding an absolute majority in Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan, having there the 1st and 2nd highest number of Shia inhabitants by population percentage in the world.

Q1: Who established the Safavid Dynasty?
A1: Ismail I from Ardabil
Q2: What was the capital of the Safavid Dynasty?
A2: Tabriz
Q3: Ismail I forced a conversion to what Islamic branch?
A3: Shia Islam
Q4: What country is currently the only official Shia nation of the world?
A4: Iran
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

By the 1840s, India was no longer capable of supplying the vast quantities of cotton fibers needed by mechanized British factories, while shipping bulky, low-price cotton from India to Britain was time-consuming and expensive. This, coupled with the emergence of American cotton as a superior type (due to the longer, stronger fibers of the two domesticated native American species, Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense), encouraged British traders to purchase cotton from plantations in the United States and plantations in the Caribbean. By the mid-19th century, "King Cotton" had become the backbone of the southern American economy. In the United States, cultivating and harvesting cotton became the leading occupation of slaves.

Q1: What was the difference that made American cotton preferred over Indian cotton?
A1: longer, stronger fibers
Q2: In the 1840s, what country could no longer adequately supply the British cotton mills?
A2: India
Q3: Besides buying from the American plantations, where else in the western hemisphere did Britain buy cotton?
A3: Caribbean
Q4: By what time had cotton become prominent in the American economy of the south?
A4: mid-19th century
Q5: What was cotton called in the 19th century?
A5: King Cotton
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.

Q1: Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?
A1: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire
Q2: When was the German Empire created?
A2: 1871
Q3: Who was Wilhelm I?
A3: head of a union of German-speaking states
Q4: What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?
A4: influence and territory
Q5: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?
A5: The Austrian Empire
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock, and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance. In 1897 John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt. Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state, and licensed the technology to Parke Davis. Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin. Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks, and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 (Primatene Mist). By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion.

Q1: Who identified the active substance?
A1: John Abel
Q2: Who marketed epinephrine?
A2: Parke Davis
Q3: As an inhaler, what was epinephrine used to treat?
A3: nasal congestion
Q4: Who developed the method to obtain epinephrine in a pure state?
A4: Jokichi Takamine
Q5: What could epinephrine treat?
A5: nasal congestion
Q6: When did epinephrine stop being available in the United States?
A6: 2011
Q7: What trade name was epinephrine marketed under?
A7: Adrenalin
Q8: Who developed the method to get epinephrine in it's pure form?
A8: Jokichi Takamine
Q9: In what year was epinephrine discovered?
A9: 1897
Q10: What was the trade name of epinephrine?
A10: Adrenalin
Q11: Who first discovered epinephrine?
A11: John Abel
Q12: What is epinephrine used to treat?
A12: asthma attacks
Q13: In what year was Primatene Mist no longer sold in the United States?
A13: 2011
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word for African Americans at a time when black was considered more offensive. This term was accepted as normal, including by people classified as Negroes, until the later Civil Rights movement in the late 1960s. One well-known example is the identification by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. of his own race as "Negro" in his famous speech of 1963, I Have a Dream. During the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, some African-American leaders in the United States, notably Malcolm X, objected to the word Negro because they associated it with the long history of slavery, segregation, and discrimination that treated African Americans as second-class citizens, or worse. Malcolm X preferred Black to Negro, but later gradually abandoned that as well for Afro-American after leaving the Nation of Islam.

Q1: When did "nigger" become a pejorative word?
A1: By the 1900s
Q2: What term replaced negro as mainstream?
A2: colored
Q3: What term followed "negro" and "colored"?
A3: "black"
Q4: What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? 
A4: the African-American Civil rights movement
Q5: Who led the Civil Rights movement?
A5: Reverend Martin Luther King
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

By the 1950s the success of digital electronic computers had spelled the end for most analog computing machines, but analog computers remain in use in some specialized applications such as education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).

Q1: By what decade were analog computing devices rendered obsolete?
A1: 50s
Q2: Analog computers remain in use in what industries?
A2: education (control systems) and aircraft (slide rule).
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

By the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children (and adults of mixed-race ancestry) began to organize and lobby for the ability to show more than one ethnic category on Census and other legal forms. They refused to be put into just one category. When the U.S. government proposed the addition of the category of "bi-racial" or "multiracial" in 1988, the response from the general public was mostly negative. Some African-American organizations and political leaders, such as Senator Diane Watson and Representative Augustus Hawkins, were particularly vocal in their rejection of the category. They feared a loss in political and economic power if African Americans abandoned their one category.

Q1: When did people lobby for allowing more than one category to be selected on legal forms?
A1: the 1980s
Q2: How did the public react to the categories of "bi-racial" and "multiracial"?
A2: mostly negative
Q3: Which political leaders spoke out against the proposed designations?
A3: Senator Diane Watson and Representative Augustus Hawkins
Q4: What did they fear would happen?
A4: a loss in political and economic power
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

By the 1990s Mexico City had become infamous as one of the world's most polluted cities; however the city has become a model for dramatically lowering pollution levels. By 2014 carbon monoxide pollution had dropped dramatically, while levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were nearly three times lower than in 1992. The levels of signature pollutants in Mexico City are similar to those of Los Angeles.[citation needed] Despite the cleanup, the metropolitan area is still the most ozone-polluted part of the country, with ozone levels 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits.

Q1: How bad is the ozone in Mexico City?
A1: 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits
Q2: Carbon Monoxide levels are about 3 times lower now than in what year?
A2: 1992
Q3: What city is similar to Mexico City in terms of pollution?
A3: Los Angeles
Q4: When Mexico one of the worst cities in terms of pollution? 
A4: 1990s
Q5: Who decides safe levels of o-zone in cities?
A5: WHO
Title: Jews
Topic: History

By the 1st century, Babylonia, to which Jews migrated to after the Babylonian conquest as well as after the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE, already held a speedily growing population of an estimated 1,000,000 Jews, which increased to an estimated 2 million  between the years 200 CE – 500 CE, both by natural growth and by immigration of more Jews from the Land of Israel, making up about 1/6 of the world Jewish population at that era. At times conversion has accounted for a part of Jewish population growth. Some have claimed that in the 1st century of the Christian era, for example, the population more than doubled, from four to 8–10 million within the confines of the Roman Empire, in good part as a result of a wave of conversion.

Q1: Where did Jews migrate to after the Babylonian conquest?
A1: Babylonia
Q2: Between what years did Jews increase to an estimated 2 million?
A2: 200 CE – 500 CE
Q3: Name one thing that has accounted for Jewish population growth?
A3: conversion
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing. A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period) African ancestry.

Q1: How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000?
A1: 6.2%
Q2: How much identified as mixed race?
A2: 40%
Q3: How much identified as white?
A3: 55%
Q4: How much of the Brazilian population had connections to African ancestry in 2007?
A4: 29%
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

By the 20th century, Philadelphia had become known as "corrupt and contented", with a complacent population and an entrenched Republican political machine. The first major reform came in 1917 when outrage over the election-year murder of a police officer led to the shrinking of the Philadelphia City Council from two houses to just one. In July 1919, Philadelphia was one of more than 36 industrial cities nationally to suffer a race riot of ethnic whites against blacks during Red Summer, in post-World War I unrest, as recent immigrants competed with blacks for jobs. In the 1920s, the public flouting of Prohibition laws, mob violence, and police involvement in illegal activities led to the appointment of Brigadier General Smedley Butler of the U.S. Marine Corps as director of public safety, but political pressure prevented any long-term success in fighting crime and corruption.

Q1: Which political party controlled Philadelphia in the early 20th century?
A1: Republican
Q2: What phrase could describe Philadelphia of the early 20th century?
A2: corrupt and contented
Q3: When did the first major political reform occur?
A3: 1917
Title: Pub
Topic: History

By the 20th century, the saloon, or lounge bar, had become a middle-class room[citation needed]—carpets on the floor, cushions on the seats, and a penny or two on the prices,[citation needed] while the public bar, or tap room, remained working class with bare boards, sometimes with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), hard bench seats, and cheap beer[citation needed]. This bar was known as the four-ale bar from the days when the cheapest beer served there cost 4 pence (4d) a quart.[citation needed]

Q1: What socioeconomic class was associated with the lounge bar in the 20th century?
A1: middle-class
Q2: What economic class was most likely to be found in the tap room?
A2: working class
Q3: In pence, what did the cheapest beer cost in the four-ale bar?
A3: 4
Q4: What was the tap room sawdust meant to absorb spills and spit called?
A4: spit and sawdust
Q5: What is another name for the lounge bar?
A5: saloon
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988.

Q1: What language did Catalan descend from?
A1: Vulgar Latin
Q2: When had Catalan covered the eastern end of the Pyrenees?
A2: 9th century
Q3: Besides the Pyrenees, what area had Catalan covered by the 9th century?
A3: Hispania Tarraconensis
Q4: Who broadened their territory and the use of Catalan in the 8th century?
A4: Catalan counts
Q5: When did the County of Barcelona separate from the Carolengian Empire?
A5: 988
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004
Topic: History

By the January 2004 Iowa caucuses, the field had dwindled down to nine candidates, as Bob Graham had dropped out of the race. Howard Dean was a strong front-runner. However, the Iowa caucuses yielded unexpectedly strong results for Democratic candidates John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards, who took 32%. Former front-runner Howard Dean slipped to 18% and third place, and Richard Gephardt finished fourth (11%). In the days leading up to the Iowa vote, there was much negative campaigning between the Dean and Gephardt camps.

Q1: How many candidates remained by the end of the Iowa caucuses, in January 2004?
A1: nine
Q2: Which two candidates had surprising results despite Howard Dean being the strong front-runner?
A2: John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards
Q3: Which candidate slipped into third place, following the Iowa caucuses?
A3: Dean
Q4: Preceding the Iowa caucuses, which candidates used naysaying tactics in their campaigning?
A4: Dean and Gephardt
Q5: Which candidate dropped out of the race, leaving the field to nine candidates?
A5: Bob Graham
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland. Power in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland. A similar situation existed in the Principality of Wales, which was slowly being annexed into the Kingdom of England by a series of laws. During the course of the 15th century, the Crown of England would assert a claim to the Crown of France, thereby also releasing the King of England as from being vassal of the King of France. In 1534, King Henry VIII, at first having been a strong defender of Roman Catholicism in the face of the Reformation, separated from the Roman Church after failing to secure a divorce from the Pope. His response was to place the King of England as "the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England", thereby removing the authority of the Pope from the affairs of the English Church. Ireland, which had been held by the King of England as Lord of Ireland, but which strictly speaking had been a feudal possession of the Pope since the Norman invasion was declared a separate kingdom in personal union with England.

Q1: During the end of the Middle Ages which two kingdoms was Great Britain divided into?
A1: Kingdoms of England and Scotland
Q2: Which king failed to receive a divorce from the Pope in 1534?
A2: King Henry VIII
Q3: What was the name of the church that King Henry VIII founded?
A3: Church of England
Q4: Since the Norman invasion who had feudal possession of Ireland?
A4: the Pope
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.

Q1: By what time period had many of the Jewish  population joined the Holy Roman Empire?
A1: Middle Ages
Q2: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language? 
A2: Yiddish
Q3: What cause the tolerance and mixing  into German Society to end for the Jews?
A3: Crusades
Q4: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades? 
A4: German
Q5: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture?
A5: Judeo-French
Q6: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?
A6: Yiddish.
Q7: When did Jewish assimilation end?
A7: during the Crusades
Q8: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?
A8: forcefully expelled from Germany
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

By the Treaty of Paris (1763), France regained the five establishments captured by the British during the war (Pondichéry, Mahe, Karikal, Yanam and Chandernagar) but was prevented from erecting fortifications and keeping troops in Bengal (art. XI). Elsewhere in India, the French were to remain a military threat, particularly during the War of American Independence, and up to the capture of Pondichéry in 1793 at the outset of the French Revolutionary Wars without any military presence. Although these small outposts remained French possessions for the next two hundred years, French ambitions on Indian territories were effectively laid to rest, thus eliminating a major source of economic competition for the company.

Q1: what year was the Treaty of Paris agreed on?
A1: 1763
Q2: The treaty of Paris return how many esablishment captured by the British?
A2: five
Q3: The Treaty of Paris prevented France from keeping troops in what location?
A3: Bengal
Q4: in 1793 what war was the french involded in even without a big  military presences?
A4: French Revolutionary Wars
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

By the Victorian period in the 19th century historians were more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers and to focus on John's moral personality. Kate Norgate, for example, argued that John's downfall had been due not to his failure in war or strategy, but due to his "almost superhuman wickedness", whilst James Ramsay blamed John's family background and his cruel personality for his downfall. Historians in the "Whiggish" tradition, focusing on documents such as the Domesday Book and Magna Carta, trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England over the medieval period. These historians were often inclined to see John's reign, and his signing of Magna Carta in particular, as a positive step in the constitutional development of England, despite the flaws of the king himself. Winston Churchill, for example, argued that "[w]hen the long tally is added, it will be seen that the British nation and the English-speaking world owe far more to the vices of John than to the labours of virtuous sovereigns".

Q1: Who blamed John's family background for his cruel personality?
A1: James Ramsay
Q2: What documents trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England?
A2: Domesday Book and Magna Carta
Q3: What period in the 19th century were historians more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers?
A3: Victorian
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the Southern United States. In 1900, the Census Bureau reported Richmond's population as 62.1% white and 37.9% black. Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the "Wall Street of Black America." In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier Maggie L. Walker chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S. Other figures from this time included John Mitchell, Jr. In 1910, the former city of Manchester was consolidated with the city of Richmond, and in 1914, the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park areas of Henrico County. In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank.

Q1: When the 1900s began, how many people lived in Richmond?
A1: 85,050
Q2: How many square kilometers was Richmond at the start of the 20th century?
A2: 13
Q3: What percentage of Richmond's 1900 population was African American?
A3: 37.9
Q4: What was another name for Richmond's Jackson Ward?
A4: Wall Street of Black America
Q5: Who was the inaugural president of the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank?
A5: Maggie L. Walker
Title: Lancashire
Topic: Geography and places

By the census of 1971, the population of Lancashire and its county boroughs had reached 5,129,416, making it the most populous geographic county in the UK. The administrative county was also the most populous of its type outside London, with a population of 2,280,359 in 1961. On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative county was abolished, as were the county boroughs. The urbanised southern part largely became part of two metropolitan counties, Merseyside and Greater Manchester. The new county of Cumbria incorporates the Furness exclave.

Q1: How many people lived in Lancashire in 1971?
A1: 5,129,416
Q2: What is the most populous geographic county in the UK?
A2: Lancashire
Q3: When was the administrative county abolished?
A3: 1 April 1974
Q4: What did the southern part of Lancashire turn into?
A4: Merseyside and Greater Manchester
Q5: What incorporated the Furness exclave?
A5: Cumbria
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

By the definition most commonly used by linguists, any linguistic variety can be considered a "dialect" of some language—"everybody speaks a dialect". According to that interpretation, the criteria above merely serve to distinguish whether two varieties are dialects of the same language or dialects of different languages.

Q1: According to most linguistics, who speaks a dialect?
A1: everybody
Title: Florida
Topic: Geography and places

By the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles harbored runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles, and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers. In 1832, the Treaty of Payne's Landing promised to the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time.

Q1: What was an issue in the early 1800's 
A1: Indian removal was a significant issue
Q2: What did congress pass in 1830 
A2: In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act
Q3: Who did Seminoles harbor 
A3: runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles
Q4: What was the name of the treaty of 1832
A4: Treaty of Payne's Landing
Q5: What did Paynes Landing promiss
A5: the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time.
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

By the early 18th century, the Maratha Kingdom had transformed itself into the Maratha Empire under the rule of the Peshwas (prime ministers). In 1737, the Marathas defeated a Mughal army in their capital, Delhi itself in Battle of Delhi (1737). The Marathas continued their military campaigns against Mughals, Nizam, Nawab of Bengal and Durrani Empire to further extend their boundaries. Gordon explained how the Maratha systematically took control over new regions. They would start with annual raids, followed by collecting ransom from villages and towns while the declining Mughal Empire retained nominal control and finally taking over the region. He explained it with the example of Malwa region. Marathas built an efficient system of public administration known for its attention to detail. It succeeded in raising revenue in districts that recovered from years of raids, up to levels previously enjoyed by the Mughals. For example, the cornerstone of the Maratha rule in Malwa rested on the 60 or so local tax collectors who advanced the Maratha ruler Peshwa a portion of their district revenues at interest. By 1760, the domain of the Marathas stretched across practically the entire subcontinent. The north-western expansion of the Marathas was stopped after the Third Battle of Panipat (1761). However, the Maratha authority in the north was re-established within a decade under Peshwa Madhavrao I. The defeat of Marathas by British in third Anglo-Maratha Wars brought end to the empire by 1820. The last peshwa, Baji Rao II, was defeated by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War. With the defeat of the Marathas, no native power represented any significant threat for the British afterwards.

Q1: By when had the Maratha kingdom become an empire?
A1: early 18th century
Q2: Who ruled the Maratha Empire?
A2: Peshwas
Q3: What were Peshwas?
A3: prime ministers
Q4: By what year had the Maratha Empire covered most of the subcontinent?
A4: 1760
Q5: In the end, what empire defeated the Maratha Empire?
A5: British
Title: Universal_Studios
Topic: Media and drama

By the early 1940s, the company was concentrating on lower-budget productions that were the company's main staple: westerns, melodramas, serials and sequels to the studio's horror pictures, the latter now solely B pictures. The studio fostered many series: The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys action features and serials (1938–43); the comic adventures of infant Baby Sandy (1938–41); comedies with Hugh Herbert (1938–42) and The Ritz Brothers (1940–43); musicals with Robert Paige, Jane Frazee, The Andrews Sisters, and The Merry Macs (1938–45); and westerns with Tom Mix (1932–33), Buck Jones (1933–36), Bob Baker (1938–39), Johnny Mack Brown (1938–43); Rod Cameron (1944–45), and Kirby Grant (1946–47).

Q1: During what period were the Little Tough Guys films produced?
A1: 1938–43
Q2: Over what span were the Baby Sandy films made?
A2: 1938–41
Q3: In what period did Universal produce Hugh Herbert comedies?
A3: 1938–42
Q4: When did Universal make Tom Mix westerns?
A4: 1932–33
Q5: In what span did Universal produce westerns with Kirby Grant?
A5: 1946–47
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.

Q1: What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's?
A1: fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles
Q2: After joining the European Economic Community in the 90's, what did Portugal begin building?
A2: new motorways
Q3: How long is Portugal's total road network?
A3: 68,732 km (42,708 mi)
Q4: In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal?
A4: 1944
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

By the early 1970s, softer songs by artists like The Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, and even Streisand, began to be played more often on "Top 40" radio and others were added to the mix on many AC stations. Also, some of these stations even played softer songs by Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart, Billy Joel, and other rock-based artists.

Q1: Along with Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart and Elvis Presley, what rock musician sometimes had songs featured on adult contemporary radio?
A1: Billy Joel
Q2: During what period were artists like Anne Murray and Barbra Streisand featured on Top 40 radio?
A2: the early 1970s
Title: Pub
Topic: History

By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes.

Q1: In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout Britain?
A1: 19th
Q2: What book by Dickens described activities in drinking establishments?
A2: Sketches by Boz
Q3: Over what two-year period was Sketches by Boz written?
A3: 1835–1836
Q4: What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century?
A4: "Gin Palaces"
Q5: In what British city did gin houses first appear?
A5: London
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater degree in Japan, where the format was better supported and more prevalent during its life. In Europe, LaserDisc always remained an obscure format. It was chosen by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for the BBC Domesday Project in the mid-1980s, a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England. From 1991 up until the early 2000s, the BBC also used LaserDisc technology to play out the channel idents.

Q1: What product replaced LaserDisc in North America by the early 2000s?
A1: DVD
Q2: Who chose LaserFisc for their Domesday Project in the mid-1980s?
A2: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Q3: What was the BBC Domesday Project?
A3: a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England
Q4: Which country still exported players to North America until 2001?
A4: Japan
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

By the early 20th century balloon, or airship, guns, for land and naval use were attracting attention. Various types of ammunition were proposed, high explosive, incendiary, bullet-chains, rod bullets and shrapnel. The need for some form of tracer or smoke trail was articulated. Fuzing options were also examined, both impact and time types. Mountings were generally pedestal type, but could be on field platforms. Trials were underway in most countries in Europe but only Krupp, Erhardt, Vickers Maxim, and Schneider had published any information by 1910. Krupp's designs included adaptations of their 65 mm 9-pounder, a 75 mm 12-pounder, and even a 105 mm gun. Erhardt also had a 12-pounder, while Vickers Maxim offered a 3-pounder and Schneider a 47 mm. The French balloon gun appeared in 1910, it was an 11-pounder but mounted on a vehicle, with a total uncrewed weight of 2 tons. However, since balloons were slow moving, sights were simple. But the challenges of faster moving airplanes were recognised.

Q1: What kind of guns started attracting attention?
A1: balloon, or airship, guns
Q2: In addition to ammo proposals, what other need was articulated?
A2: The need for some form of tracer or smoke trail
Q3: The impact and time types of what were analyzed?
A3: Fuzing options
Q4: As of 1910, who had published info available for gun designs?
A4: Krupp, Erhardt, Vickers Maxim, and Schneider
Q5: What gun made the scene in 1910?
A5: French balloon gun
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

By the early 20th century, mass civil disorder had begun in China, and it was growing continuously. To overcome such problems, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict in 1901 calling for reform proposals from the governors-general and governors and initiated the era of the dynasty's "New Policies", also known as the "Late Qing Reform". The edict paved the way for the most far-reaching reforms in terms of their social consequences, including the creation of a national education system and the abolition of the imperial examinations in 1905.

Q1: What did Cixi do in 1901?
A1: issued an imperial edict
Q2: What were the governments New Policies also called?
A2: "Late Qing Reform"
Q3: When were imperial examinations halted?
A3: 1905
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

By the early and mid-20th century, the city was in decline as factories became old and obsolete, and businesses moved out of the region for cheaper labor elsewhere. Boston responded by initiating various urban renewal projects under the direction of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), which was established in 1957. In 1958, BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood. Extensive demolition was met with vociferous public opposition.

Q1: During what century did businesses move out of Boston to find cheaper labor?
A1: 20th century
Q2: Projects to renew the city were put into place by what?
A2: the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA)
Q3: How did the people of Boston react to the demolition of the West End?
A3: with vociferous public opposition.
Title: Clothing
Topic: Natural sciences

By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles. Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.

Q1: What had somewhat became an international style by the early 21st century?
A1: western clothing styles
Q2: Cultural dissemination has continued over the what?
A2: centuries
Q3: What have Western corporations penetrated?
A3: markets throughout the world
Q4: Who has been spreading Western culture and styles?
A4: Western media corporations
Q5: Who donates discard Western clothing to people in poor places?
A5: charity organizations
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

By the end of 1957, Nasser nationalized all remaining British and French assets in Egypt, including the tobacco, cement, pharmaceutical, and phosphate industries. When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his economic development organization. He stopped short of total government control: two-thirds of the economy was still in private hands. This effort achieved a measure of success, with increased agricultural production and investment in industrialization. Nasser initiated the Helwan steelworks, which subsequently became Egypt's largest enterprise, providing the country with product and tens of thousands of jobs. Nasser also decided to cooperate with the Soviet Union in the construction of the Aswan Dam to replace the withdrawal of US funds.

Q1: What nations' assets did Nasser nationalize in 1957?
A1: British and French
Q2: How much of the economy was not controlled by Nassir's government?
A2: two-thirds
Q3: What entity did Nasser spearhead that was a boon for Egypt's economy?
A3: Helwan steelworks
Q4: What nation did Nasser join economic forces with?
A4: Soviet Union
Q5: What project did Nasser cooperate with the Soviet Union on?
A5: Aswan Dam
Title: Renewable_energy_commercialization
Topic: Engineering and technology

By the end of 2011, total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded 1,360 GW, up 8%. Renewables producing electricity accounted for almost half of the 208 GW of capacity added globally during 2011. Wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) accounted for almost 40% and 30% . Based on REN21's 2014 report, renewables contributed 19 percent to our energy consumption and 22 percent to our electricity generation in 2012 and 2013, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (non-biomass), 3.8% hydro electricity and 2% electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass.

Q1: By the end of 2011, total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded what number?
A1: 1,360 GW
Q2: Renewables contributed what percentage to our energy consumption?
A2: 19 percent
Q3: Renewables contributed what percentage to our electricity generation?
A3: 22 percent