LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination centre (Jiangnan Examination Hall) for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived.

Q1: How many ancient capitals does China have in its history?
A1: four
Q2: What type of people does Nanjing draw because of its culture?
A2: intellectuals
Q3: In what dynasties did poets congregate in Nanjing?
A3: the Tang and Song dynasties
Q4: When did the city serve as the official imperial examination centre?
A4: the Ming and Qing dynasties
Q5: What was the name of the examination centre?
A5: Jiangnan Examination Hall
Title: Quran
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Belief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of "belief" and "believer" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the importance of faith, accountability, and the belief in each human's ultimate encounter with God. People are invited to perform acts of charity, especially for the needy. Believers who "spend of their wealth by night and by day, in secret and in public" are promised that they "shall have their reward with their Lord; on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve". It also affirms family life by legislating on matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance. A number of practices, such as usury and gambling, are prohibited. The Quran is one of the fundamental sources of Islamic law (sharia). Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the formal prayers (salat) and fasting in the month of Ramadan. As for the manner in which the prayer is to be conducted, the Quran refers to prostration. The term for charity, zakat, literally means purification. Charity, according to the Quran, is a means of self-purification.

Q1: What mental state is the foundation of morality as described by the Quran?
A1: Belief
Q2: What finance-related acts are forbidden by the Quran?
A2: usury and gambling
Q3: What is the name of the formal prayer proscribed by the Quran?
A3: salat
Q4: Which month is designated for fasting in the Quran?
A4: Ramadan
Q5: The Quran uses a term that also means purification for what social act?
A5: charity
Title: Guam
Topic: Geography and places

Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.

Q1: Which animal was accidentally introduced into Guam?
A1: brown tree snake
Q2: What was accidentally introduced into Guam?
A2: brown tree snake
Q3: With the introduction of a non native snake in the area of Guam what impact did it have the island?
A3: nearly eliminated the native bird population
Q4: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?
A4: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

Believers in Pashupatinath (mainly Hindus) are allowed to enter the temple premises, but non-Hindu visitors are allowed to view the temple only from the across the Bagmati River. The priests who perform the services at this temple have been Brahmins from Karnataka, South India since the time of Malla king Yaksha Malla. This tradition is believed to have been started at the request of Adi Shankaracharya who sought to unify the states of Bharatam (Unified India) by encouraging cultural exchange. This procedure is followed in other temples around India, which were sanctified by Adi Shankaracharya.

Q1: What people make up the majority of Pashupatinath followers?
A1: Hindus
Q2: In what part of India do the Pashupatinath priests originate?
A2: South
Q3: What dynasty did Yaksha Malla belong to?
A3: Malla
Q4: Who supposedly encouraged the usage of Karnataka Brahmin priests at Pashupatinath Temple?
A4: Adi Shankaracharya
Q5: What is another term for Bharatam?
A5: Unified India
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

Believing the northern approaches to the city too well defended, especially due to the presence of a large star fort and because Sevastopol was on the south side of the inlet from the sea that made the harbour, Sir John Burgoyne, the engineer advisor, recommended that the allies attack Sevastopol from the south. This was agreed by the joint commanders, Raglan and St Arnaud.:426 On 25 September the whole army marched southeast and encircled the city to the south. This let them set up a new supply center in a number of protected inlets on the south coast. The Russians retreated into the city.

Q1: When did the army march to the southeast?  
A1: 25 September
Q2: Where did the Russians retreat to? 
A2: into the city.
Q3: Who was the engineer adviser? 
A3: Sir John Burgoyne
Q4: Who were the joint commanders? 
A4: Raglan and St Arnaud
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter jointly invented a wireless telephone, named a photophone, which allowed for the transmission of both sounds and normal human conversations on a beam of light. Both men later became full associates in the Volta Laboratory Association.

Q1: What did Bell call his cord-free phone?
A1: photophone
Q2: Who did Bell invent the cord-free phone with?
A2: Charles Sumner Tainter
Q3: What did Bell's cord-free phone use to transmit messages?
A3: light
Q4: What lab association did Bell and Tainter both eventually join?
A4: Volta Laboratory Association
Q5: In the photophone, light carried sound and what?
A5: normal human conversations
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell and his partners, Hubbard and Sanders, offered to sell the patent outright to Western Union for $100,000. The president of Western Union balked, countering that the telephone was nothing but a toy. Two years later, he told colleagues that if he could get the patent for $25 million he would consider it a bargain. By then, the Bell company no longer wanted to sell the patent. Bell's investors would become millionaires, while he fared well from residuals and at one point had assets of nearly one million dollars.

Q1: How much did Bell et al. try to sell his patent for?
A1: $100,000
Q2: Who did Bell et al. try to sell his patent to?
A2: Western Union
Q3: What did the President think the telephone was, such that he refused to buy the patent?
A3: a toy
Q4: How much the the President of Western Union want to pay for the patent later on?
A4: $25 million
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell began a series of public demonstrations and lectures to introduce the new invention to the scientific community as well as the general public. A short time later, his demonstration of an early telephone prototype at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia brought the telephone to international attention. Influential visitors to the exhibition included Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. Later Bell had the opportunity to demonstrate the invention personally to Sir William Thomson (later, Lord Kelvin), a renowned Scottish scientist, as well as to Queen Victoria, who had requested a private audience at Osborne House, her Isle of Wight home. She called the demonstration "most extraordinary". The enthusiasm surrounding Bell's public displays laid the groundwork for universal acceptance of the revolutionary device.

Q1: In what city was the 1876 Centennial Exposition?
A1: Philadelphia
Q2: What important person saw the telephone at the Centennial Exposition?
A2: Emperor Pedro II
Q3: Pedro II was the Emperor of what Country?
A3: Brazil
Q4: Which Queen did Bell present his invention to?
A4: Victoria
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell believed the photophone's principles were his life's "greatest achievement", telling a reporter shortly before his death that the photophone was "the greatest invention [I have] ever made, greater than the telephone". The photophone was a precursor to the fiber-optic communication systems which achieved popular worldwide usage in the 1980s. Its master patent was issued in December 1880, many decades before the photophone's principles came into popular use.

Q1: What did Bell call the best thing he ever made?
A1: The photophone
Q2: Bell thought the photophone was better than what famous invention?
A2: telephone
Q3: What modern technology takes the next step from the photophone?
A3: fiber-optic communication
Q4: When was fiber-optics first patented?
A4: 1880
Q5: In what decade did fiber-optics become widely used?
A5: 1980s
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell died of complications arising from diabetes on August 2, 1922, at his private estate, Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, at age 75. Bell had also been afflicted with pernicious anemia. His last view of the land he had inhabited was by moonlight on his mountain estate at 2:00 a.m.[N 29][N 30] While tending to him after his long illness, Mabel, his wife, whispered, "Don't leave me." By way of reply, Bell traced the sign for "no" in the air —and then he died.

Q1: What disease contributed greatly to Bell's death?
A1: diabetes
Q2: On what day and month did Bell die?
A2: August 2
Q3: Who was the last person to see Bell alive?
A3: Mabel
Q4: In what Province did Bell die?
A4: Nova Scotia
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell is also credited with developing one of the early versions of a metal detector in 1881. The device was quickly put together in an attempt to find the bullet in the body of U.S. President James Garfield. According to some accounts, the metal detector worked flawlessly in tests but did not find the assassin's bullet partly because the metal bed frame on which the President was lying disturbed the instrument, resulting in static. The president's surgeons, who were skeptical of the device, ignored Bell's requests to move the president to a bed not fitted with metal springs. Alternatively, although Bell had detected a slight sound on his first test, the bullet may have been lodged too deeply to be detected by the crude apparatus.

Q1: What did Bell create in 1881?
A1: metal detector
Q2: What was in James Garfield that they wanted to get out?
A2: bullet
Q3: What did Bell think was wrong with the bed, which prevented his machine from finding the bullet?
A3: metal bed frame
Q4: On which run did Bell's metal detector give a small indication?
A4: first
Q5: When did Bell's metal detector work well?
A5: in tests
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell was a British subject throughout his early life in Scotland and later in Canada until 1882, when he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1915, he characterized his status as: "I am not one of those hyphenated Americans who claim allegiance to two countries." Despite this declaration, Bell has been proudly claimed as a "native son" by all three countries he resided in: the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.

Q1: In what year did Bell officially become an American?
A1: 1882
Q2: What was Bell's original nationality?
A2: British
Q3: Besides the US and UK, what other country claims Bell as a citizen?
A3: Canada
Q4: What does Bell call people who are citizens of two countries?
A4: hyphenated
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell was a supporter of aerospace engineering research through the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), officially formed at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, in October 1907 at the suggestion of his wife Mabel and with her financial support after the sale of some of her real estate. The AEA was headed by Bell and the founding members were four young men: American Glenn H. Curtiss, a motorcycle manufacturer at the time and who held the title "world's fastest man", having ridden his self-constructed motor bicycle around in the shortest time, and who was later awarded the Scientific American Trophy for the first official one-kilometre flight in the Western hemisphere, and who later became a world-renowned airplane manufacturer; Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, an official observer from the U.S. Federal government and one of the few people in the army who believed that aviation was the future; Frederick W. Baldwin, the first Canadian and first British subject to pilot a public flight in Hammondsport, New York, and J.A.D. McCurdy —Baldwin and McCurdy being new engineering graduates from the University of Toronto.

Q1: What organization did Bell set up due to his interest in aerospace?
A1: Aerial Experiment Association
Q2: When was the AEA founded?
A2: 1907
Q3: Which original member of the AEA held motorcycle speed records?
A3: Glenn H. Curtiss
Q4: Which branch of the military was Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge in?
A4: army
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell was connected with the eugenics movement in the United States. In his lecture Memoir upon the formation of a deaf variety of the human race presented to the National Academy of Sciences on November 13, 1883 he noted that congenitally deaf parents were more likely to produce deaf children and tentatively suggested that couples where both parties were deaf should not marry. However, it was his hobby of livestock breeding which led to his appointment to biologist David Starr Jordan's Committee on Eugenics, under the auspices of the American Breeders' Association. The committee unequivocally extended the principle to man. From 1912 until 1918 he was the chairman of the board of scientific advisers to the Eugenics Record Office associated with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, and regularly attended meetings. In 1921, he was the honorary president of the Second International Congress of Eugenics held under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Organisations such as these advocated passing laws (with success in some states) that established the compulsory sterilization of people deemed to be, as Bell called them, a "defective variety of the human race." By the late 1930s, about half the states in the U.S. had eugenics laws, and California's compulsory sterilization law was used as a model for that of Nazi Germany.

Q1: What kind of parents did Bell state were more prone to having deaf children?
A1: congenitally deaf parents
Q2: In 1921 the American Museum of Natural History hosted what event?
A2: Second International Congress of Eugenics
Q3: Which biologist ran the Committee on Eugenics?
A3: David Starr
Q4: What did Bell like to do that led to his involvement with eugenics?
A4: livestock breeding
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell worked extensively in medical research and invented techniques for teaching speech to the deaf. During his Volta Laboratory period, Bell and his associates considered impressing a magnetic field on a record as a means of reproducing sound. Although the trio briefly experimented with the concept, they could not develop a workable prototype. They abandoned the idea, never realizing they had glimpsed a basic principle which would one day find its application in the tape recorder, the hard disc and floppy disc drive and other magnetic media.

Q1: What famous lab did Bell spend time working for?
A1: Volta
Q2: What type of energy did Bell investigate at the Volta Laboratory?
A2: magnetic
Q3: The magnetic field is part of what sort of recorder?
A3: tape recorder
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell's coffin was constructed of Beinn Bhreagh pine by his laboratory staff, lined with the same red silk fabric used in his tetrahedral kite experiments. To help celebrate his life, his wife asked guests not to wear black (the traditional funeral color) while attending his service, during which soloist Jean MacDonald sang a verse of Robert Louis Stevenson's "Requiem":

Q1: What kind of wood was Bell's coffin made from?
A1: Beinn Bhreagh pine
Q2: What color silk was used in Bell's coffin?
A2: red
Q3: What color were attendees asked to not wear at Bell's funeral?
A3: black
Q4: Which singer performed at Bell's funeral?
A4: Jean MacDonald
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell's father was invited by Sarah Fuller, principal of the Boston School for Deaf Mutes (which continues today as the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf), in Boston, Massachusetts, to introduce the Visible Speech System by providing training for Fuller's instructors, but he declined the post in favor of his son. Traveling to Boston in April 1871, Bell proved successful in training the school's instructors. He was subsequently asked to repeat the program at the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes in Hartford, Connecticut, and the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts.

Q1: Who ran the Boston School for Deaf Mutes?
A1: Sarah Fuller
Q2: What name does the Boston School for Deaf Mutes go by now?
A2: the public Horace Mann School for the Deaf
Q3: What month did Bell go to Boston?
A3: April
Q4: Bell trained who in Boston?
A4: instructors
Q5: What city was the American Asylum in?
A5: Hartford
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[N 5]

Q1: What were his relatives known for working on?
A1: elocution and speech
Q2: What was interesting about his mother and wife?
A2: deaf
Q3: What year did Bell get the patent for his telephone?
A3: 1876
Q4: In what country did Bell patent his telephone?
A4: U.S.
Q5: What did Bell never put in his study?
A5: telephone
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell's own detailed account, presented to the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1882, differs in several particulars from most of the many and varied versions now in circulation, most notably by concluding that extraneous metal was not to blame for failure to locate the bullet. Perplexed by the peculiar results he had obtained during an examination of Garfield, Bell "...proceeded to the Executive Mansion the next morning...to ascertain from the surgeons whether they were perfectly sure that all metal had been removed from the neighborhood of the bed. It was then recollected that underneath the horse-hair mattress on which the President lay was another mattress composed of steel wires. Upon obtaining a duplicate, the mattress was found to consist of a sort of net of woven steel wires, with large meshes. The extent of the [area that produced a response from the detector] having been so small, as compared with the area of the bed, it seemed reasonable to conclude that the steel mattress had produced no detrimental effect." In a footnote, Bell adds that "The death of President Garfield and the subsequent post-mortem examination, however, proved that the bullet was at too great a distance from the surface to have affected our apparatus."

Q1: Bell gave his story about trying to find the bullet to the American Association for the Advancement of what?
A1: Science
Q2: Where did Bell go the day after trying to find the bullet?
A2: Executive Mansion
Q3: What kind of mattress was the President directly on?
A3: horse-hair
Q4: Where did Bell indicate that the bullet was too deep for his machine to register?
A4: footnote
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell's own home used a primitive form of air conditioning, in which fans blew currents of air across great blocks of ice. He also anticipated modern concerns with fuel shortages and industrial pollution. Methane gas, he reasoned, could be produced from the waste of farms and factories. At his Canadian estate in Nova Scotia, he experimented with composting toilets and devices to capture water from the atmosphere. In a magazine interview published shortly before his death, he reflected on the possibility of using solar panels to heat houses.

Q1: What form of water played a part in Bell's home cooling system?
A1: ice
Q2: What did Bell think could be collected from farm and factory byproduct?
A2: Methane gas
Q3: What kind of toilet did Bell work on?
A3: composting
Q4: Right before his death, what kind of energy did he speculate about?
A4: solar
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Bell's patent 174,465, was issued to Bell on March 7, 1876, by the U.S. Patent Office. Bell's patent covered "the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically ... by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sound" [N 16] Bell returned to Boston the same day and the next day resumed work, drawing in his notebook a diagram similar to that in Gray's patent caveat.

Q1: What number is Bell's patent?
A1: 174,465
Q2: On what date did Bell get his patent?
A2: March 7, 1876
Q3: Bell's patent was for the method and what for transmitting vocal and other sounds telegraphically?
A3: apparatus
Q4: On what day did Bell go back to Boston?
A4: March 7, 1876
Q5: Bell sketched a design that looked like the work of who?
A5: Gray
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

Ben Goldacre has argued that regulators – such as the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK, or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States – advance the interests of the drug companies rather than the interests of the public due to revolving door exchange of employees between the regulator and the companies and friendships develop between regulator and company employees. He argues that regulators do not require that new drugs offer an improvement over what is already available, or even that they be particularly effective.

Q1: Who argued against regulators?
A1: Ben Goldacre
Q2: Who argued that drug regulators were greater serving the interests of the drug companies than the patients?
A2: Ben Goldacre
Q3: The business friendships between which parties have been criticized?
A3: regulator and company employees
Q4: Goldacre argued that which party didn't require that new drugs be improved at all?
A4: regulators
Title: Miami
Topic: Geography and places

Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]

Q1: Along with Miami Springs, where is the highest point of the Biscayne Aquifer?
A1: Hialeah
Q2: The Biscayne Aquifer stretches from Palm Beach County to where?
A2: Florida Bay
Q3: After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running water in Miami?
A3: 5 to 6
Q4: What is limited by Miami's high water table?
A4: underground construction
Title: Computer_security
Topic: Engineering and technology

Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, BKA (Federal Police Organisation) Bundeskriminalamt (Deutschland), BND (Federal Intelligence Service) Bundesnachrichtendienst, MAD (Military Intelligence Service) Amt für den Militärischen Abschirmdienst and other national organisations in Germany taking care of national security aspects. According to the Minister the primary task of the new organisation founded on February 23, 2011, is to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure and mentioned incidents like Stuxnet.

Q1: What does NCAZ stand for?
A1: Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum
Q2: What does NCAZ take care of?
A2: national security aspects
Q3: When was NCAZ opened?
A3: June 16, 2011
Q4: Whan was NCAZ founded?
A4: February 23, 2011
Q5: What is the purpose of NCAZ?
A5: to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda has developed a proud Rugby Union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby 7's is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011–2012 season. The Bermuda 7's team competed in the 2011 Las Vegas 7's, defeating the Mexican team. There are four clubs on the island: (1) Police (2) Mariners (3) Teachers (4) Renegades. There is a men's and women's competition–current league champions are Police (Men) (winning the title for the first time since the 1990s) and Renegades (women's). Games are currently played at Warwick Academy. Bermuda u/19 team won the 2010 Caribbean Championships.

Q1: Who won the 2011 Caribbean championships?
A1: The Bermuda Rugby Union team
Q2: How many clubs are on the island?
A2: There are four clubs on the island
Q3: Who are the reigning league champions?
A3: Police (Men)
Q4: Where are the Women's games played?
A4: Warwick Academy.
Q5: What did the Bermuda u/19 team win?
A5: 2010 Caribbean Championships
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda is a group of low-forming volcanoes located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles (1,070 km (665 mi)) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and about 594 nautical miles (1,100 km (684 mi)) southeast of Martha's Vineyard of Massachusetts. It is 898 nautical miles (1,664 km (1,034 mi)) northeast of Miami, Florida, and 667 nautical miles (1,236 km (768 mi)) from Cape Sable Island, in Nova Scotia, Canada. The islands lie due east of Fripp Island, South Carolina, west of Portugal and north of Puerto Rico.

Q1: Bermuda is located in what ocean?
A1: Atlantic Ocean
Q2: Bermuda is on the western fringe of what Sea?
A2: Sargasso Sea
Q3: Travel from Puerto Rico to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A3: north
Q4: Travel from Portugal to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A4: west
Q5: Travel from South Carolina to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A5: due east
Q6: What natural features compose Bermuda?
A6: low-forming volcanoes
Q7: In what major ocean is Bermuda located?
A7: Atlantic Ocean
Q8: Bermuda is located 898 nautical miles from what US city?
A8: Miami
Q9: Bermuda is closest (in nautical miles) to which US state?
A9: North Carolina
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals cannot easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services.

Q1: Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?
A1: minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income
Q2: What does it do in place of an income tax system?
A2: taxes all imports
Q3: What does Bermuda use the consumption tax for?
A3: funds government and infrastructure expenditures
Q4: What three things does the tax system depend on?
A4: import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes
Q5: What is Bermuda's legal system derived from?
A5: United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

Q1: Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?
A1: an extension of Virginia
Q2: What two areas have provided a constant stream of immigration to Bermuda since the 20th century?
A2: West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands
Q3: Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?
A3: they lacked British citizenship
Q4: When did Bermuda ease up on its immigration laws?
A4: 1950s
Q5: Why were Black politicians upset about the change in immigration laws?
A5: accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda was discovered in 1503 by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year. Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water. Legends arose of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed from the calls of raucous birds (most likely the Bermuda petrel, or Cahow) and the loud noise heard at night from wild hogs. Combined with the frequent storm-wracked conditions and the dangerous reefs, the archipelago became known as the Isle of Devils. Neither Spain nor Portugal tried to settle it.

Q1: Who is credited with discovering Bermuda?
A1: Juan de Bermúdez
Q2: What did Spanish and Portugese ships use the islands for?
A2: a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water
Q3: What did early visitors attribute the noises of the islands to?
A3: spirits and devils,
Q4: Crazy noises from indigenous animals, frequent storms and hazardous reefs earned the islands what name?
A4: Isle of Devils
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2.1 m) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay to commemorate the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835. Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island. Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St George's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned.

Q1: What type of painting are Bermuda artists known for?
A1: watercolours
Q2: What type of art work does Chesley Trott produce?
A2: Hand-carved cedar sculptures
Q3: What significant event does the sculpture The Arrival portray?
A3: the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835
Q4: Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolourists?
A4: Alfred Birdsey
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands), a portion of the population also speaks Portuguese. There are strong British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean ones.

Q1: What is considered the primary language of Bermuda?
A1: English
Q2: What is a lesser spoken, secondary language in Bermuda?
A2: Portuguese
Q3: What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture?
A3: British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean
Q4: Which cultures claim to be a dominant source of Bermuda's cultural heritage?
A4: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical climate. Bermuda is the northernmost point of the Bermuda Triangle, a region of sea in which, according to legend, a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances. The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to severe weather. However, it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island.

Q1: What two business drive Bermuda's economy?
A1: offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism
Q2: What type of climate does Bermuda have?
A2: subtropical
Q3: Bermuda stands as a northern point in what susposed area of strange activity and disappearances?
A3: Bermuda Triangle
Q4: What protects the island from storms?
A4: coral reef that surrounds the island
Q5: What are Bermuda's largest economic sectors?
A5: insurance and reinsurance, and tourism
Q6: What occurance is the greatest factor affecting Bermuda's economy?
A6: global recession
Q7: Why is the Bermuda Triangle an area of interest?
A7: a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances.
Q8: Why is the island safe from full hurricane devastation?
A8: protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island.
Q9: What is the climate of Bermuda?
A9: subtropical
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda's modern black population contains more than one demographic group. Although the number of residents born in Africa is very small, it has tripled between 2000 and 2010 (this group also includes non-blacks). The majority of blacks in Bermuda can be termed "Bermudian blacks", whose ancestry dates back centuries between the 17th century and the end of slavery in 1834, Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion. This contrasts to the enslaved blacks of the plantation colonies, who were subjected to conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate, and slaveholders in the United States and the West Indies found it necessary to continue importing more enslaved blacks from Africa until the end of slavery (the same had been true for the Native Americans that the Africans had replaced on the New World plantations). The indigenous populations of many West Indian islands, and much of the South-East of what is now the United States that had survived the 16th- and 17th-century epidemics of European-introduced diseases then became the victims of large-scale slave raiding, with much of the region completely depopulated. When the supply of indigenous slaves ran out, the slaveholders looked to Africa). The ancestry of Bermuda's black population is distinguished from that of the British West Indian black population in two ways: firstly, the higher degree of European and Native American admixture; secondly, the source of the African ancestry.

Q1: What term is used to refer to the majority of black people in Bermuda?
A1: Bermudian blacks
Q2: Why were so many blacks repeatedly being imported from Africa?
A2: conditions so harsh as to drop their birth rate below the death rate
Q3: Why can Bermudian blacks trace their ancestry back over centuries in Bermuda?
A3: Bermuda's black population was self-sustaining, with its growth resulting largely from natural expansion
Q4: What is one way that the ancestry of Bermudian black population differs from that of British West Indian black population?
A4: the source of the African ancestry
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. Also very well-known is David Hemp, a former captain of Glamorgan in English first class cricket. The annual "Cup Match" cricket tournament between rival parishes St George's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. This tournament began in 1872 when Captain Moresby of the Royal Navy introduced the game to Bermuda, holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery. The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George's Garrison (the original army headquarters in Bermuda) on Barrack Hill, St. George's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island. Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George's Cricket Club in this game (the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian).

Q1: What Bermuda sport team participated in the 2007 world cup?
A1: national cricket team
Q2: Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?
A2: Dwayne Leverock
Q3: Who defeated Bermuda?
A3: India
Q4: What began in 1872 when the game of cricket was introduced to Bermuda?
A4: annual "Cup Match"
Q5: Why is there an East End/West End rivalry?
A5: rivalry resulted from the locations
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water (typically 30–40 ft or 9–12 m in depth), with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay.

Q1: What directional shore of Bermuda is home to the majority of its hotels?
A1: the south shore of the island
Q2: Bermuda's coral reefs, shipwrecks, and shallow waters are great for what activity in particular?
A2: Scuba
Q3: Historic St. George's has been given what distinction?
A3: World Heritage Site
Q4: What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches?
A4: pink
Q5: What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination?
A5: pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters
Q6: Where are the majority of Bermuda's hotels?
A6: south shore of the island
Q7: What has St. George been designated as?
A7: World Heritage Site
Q8: Why are divers attracted to Bermuda?
A8: numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water
Q9: Why is Bermuda a great place for snorkellers?
A9: Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey. When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier. The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building (in Hamilton) was erected in tribute to Bermuda's Great War dead (the tribute was later extended to Bermuda's Second World War dead) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration.

Q1: When did Bermudians serve in the British Armed forces?
A1: World War I and World War II
Q2: Who was key to establishing Bermuda's Regiment?
A2: Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert
Q3: Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?
A3: Brigadier Harvey
Q4: What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?
A4: Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%.

Q1: What is the population of Bern?
A1: 140,634
Q2: What percent of the population are resident foreign nationals?
A2: 34%
Q3: What was the population change from 2000 and 2010?
A3: .6%
Q4: What counted for more of the population change?
A4: births and deaths
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.06 square kilometers (0.41 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.16 square kilometers (0.062 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.

Q1: What is 33.6% of the land in Bern?
A1: forested
Q2: When was the last time the area of Bern was measured?
A2: 2009
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern has several dozen cinemas. As is customary in Switzerland, films are generally shown in their original language (e.g., English) with German and French subtitles. Only a small number of screenings are dubbed in German.

Q1: What subtitles are included in the movies?
A1: German and French subtitles
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern is also served by Bern Airport, located outside the city near the town of Belp. The regional airport, colloquially called Bern-Belp or Belpmoos, is connected to several European cities. Additionally Zürich Airport, Geneva Airport and EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg also serve as international gateways, all reachable within two hours by car or train from Bern.

Q1: What is the name of Bern's airport?
A1: Bern Airport
Q2: What is the name of the regional airport?
A2: Bern-Belp or Belpmoos
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).

Q1: What type of ground was Bern built on?
A1: uneven ground.
Q2: What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities?
A2: several metres
Q3: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?
A3: Länggasse
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern is home to 8 libraries. These libraries include; the Schweiz. Nationalbibliothek/ Bibliothèque nationale suisse, the Universitätsbibliothek Bern, the Kornhausbibliotheken Bern, the BFH Wirtschaft und Verwaltung Bern, the BFH Gesundheit, the BFH Soziale Arbeit, the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Gestaltung und Kunst and the Hochschule der Künste Bern, Musikbibliothek. There was a combined total (as of 2008[update]) of 10,308,336 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 2,627,973 items were loaned out.

Q1: How many libraries are in Bern?
A1: 8
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the CH1903 coordinate system at 46°57′08.66″N 7°26′22.50″E﻿ / ﻿46.9524056°N 7.4395833°E﻿ / 46.9524056; 7.4395833.

Q1: Where is Bern located?
A1: the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern
Q2: What helped form the Bern countryside?
A2: glaciers
Q3: What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern?
A3: Bantiger
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada.

Q1: What year did Bern want to host the Winter Olympics?
A1: 2010
Q2: What year did they withdraw their bid?
A2: 2002
Q3: Where were the 2010 Winter Olympics held?
A3: Vancouver, Canada
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.

Q1: What year was Bern occupied by French troops?
A1: 1798
Q2: Why were French troops in Bern?
A2: French Revolutionary Wars
Q3: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?
A3: 1802
Q4: What new territory was aquired in 1814?
A4: Bernese Jura.
Q5: When did the canton of Jura seceed?
A5: 1979
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Bern was the site of the 1954 Football (Soccer) World Cup Final, a huge upset for the Hungarian Golden Team, who were beaten 3–2 by West Germany. The football team BSC Young Boys is based in Bern at the Stade de Suisse Wankdorf, which also was one of the venues for the European football championship 2008 in which it hosted 3 matches.

Q1: What year was the Football World Cup Final in Bern?
A1: 1954
Q2: Who won the game?
A2: West Germany
Q3: What football team is based in Bern?
A3: BSC Young Boys