LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Coordinative definition has two major features. The first has to do with coordinating units of length with certain physical objects. This is motivated by the fact that we can never directly apprehend length. Instead we must choose some physical object, say the Standard Metre at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures), or the wavelength of cadmium to stand in as our unit of length. The second feature deals with separated objects. Although we can, presumably, directly test the equality of length of two measuring rods when they are next to one another, we can not find out as much for two rods distant from one another. Even supposing that two rods, whenever brought near to one another are seen to be equal in length, we are not justified in stating that they are always equal in length. This impossibility undermines our ability to decide the equality of length of two distant objects. Sameness of length, to the contrary, must be set by definition.

Q1: Coordinative definition has how many major features?
A1: two
Q2: The first feature of Coordinative definition involves what?
A2: coordinating units of length with certain physical objects
Q3: What is the first feature motivated by?
A3: we can never directly apprehend length
Q4: The second feature of Coordinative definition involves what?
A4: separated objects
Q5: Sameness of length must be set how?
A5: by definition
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper compounds in liquid form are used as a wood preservative, particularly in treating original portion of structures during restoration of damage due to dry rot. Together with zinc, copper wires may be placed over non-conductive roofing materials to discourage the growth of moss.[citation needed] Textile fibers use copper to create antimicrobial protective fabrics, as do ceramic glazes, stained glass and musical instruments. Electroplating commonly uses copper as a base for other metals such as nickel.

Q1: What are copper compounds in liquid form used for?
A1: wood preservative
Q2: What does copper wires along with zinc on roofs help to prevent?
A2: moss
Q3: What function does copper serve when used in textile fibers?
A3: antimicrobial protective fabrics
Q4: How is copper used with nickel?
A4: as a base
Q5: What is used to treat structures for dry rot?
A5: Copper compounds
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth's crust, or about 5 million years' worth at the current rate of extraction). However, only a tiny fraction of these reserves is economically viable, given present-day prices and technologies. Various estimates of existing copper reserves available for mining vary from 25 years to 60 years, depending on core assumptions such as the growth rate. Recycling is a major source of copper in the modern world. Because of these and other factors, the future of copper production and supply is the subject of much debate, including the concept of peak copper, analogous to peak oil.

Q1: How long has copper been in use?
A1: at least 10,000 years
Q2: What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900?
A2: 95%
Q3: How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years?
A3: more than half
Q4: How much copper is estimated to exsist on earth?
A4: 1014 tons
Q5: What is a major source of cooper in modern times?
A5: Recycling
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to include interior and exterior wall cladding, building expansion joints, radio frequency shielding, and antimicrobial indoor products, such as attractive handrails, bathroom fixtures, and counter tops. Some of copper's other important benefits as an architectural material include its low thermal movement, light weight, lightning protection, and its recyclability.

Q1: What has copper been used for since ancient times?
A1: architectural material
Q2: In recent times what is one interior use copper been expanded to include?
A2: antimicrobial indoor products
Q3: What is an important benefit to using copper as an architectural material?
A3: low thermal movement
Q4: How long has copper been used in building construction?
A4: hundreds or thousands of years
Q5: What is the benefit to using copper for things such as counter tops and hand rails?
A5: antimicrobial
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper is an essential trace element in plants and animals, but not some microorganisms. The human body contains copper at a level of about 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass. Stated differently, the RDA for copper in normal healthy adults is quoted as 0.97 mg/day and as 3.0 mg/day. Copper is absorbed in the gut, then transported to the liver bound to albumin. After processing in the liver, copper is distributed to other tissues in a second phase. Copper transport here involves the protein ceruloplasmin, which carries the majority of copper in blood. Ceruloplasmin also carries copper that is excreted in milk, and is particularly well-absorbed as a copper source. Copper in the body normally undergoes enterohepatic circulation (about 5 mg a day, vs. about 1 mg per day absorbed in the diet and excreted from the body), and the body is able to excrete some excess copper, if needed, via bile, which carries some copper out of the liver that is not then reabsorbed by the intestine.

Q1: What is the level of copper in the human body?
A1: 1.4 to 2.1 mg per kg of body mass
Q2: How is copper absorbed in humans?
A2: in the gut
Q3: What is copper bound with when it is sent to the liver?
A3: albumin
Q4: What protein carries the majority of copper in blood?
A4: Ceruloplasmin
Q5: How can the body get rid of excess copper?
A5: via bile
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become important netting materials in the aquaculture industry because they are antimicrobial and prevent biofouling, even in extreme conditions and have strong structural and corrosion-resistant properties in marine environments.

Q1: What word means that bacteria won't grow on a substrate?
A1: biostatic
Q2: Because of copper's biostatic properties where is a common use for copper?
A2: ships
Q3: What has pure copper been replaced with in the building of ships?
A3: Muntz metal
Q4: In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make?
A4: netting materials
Q5: Name a property that makes copper a good material to use in marine environments?
A5: corrosion-resistant
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm.

Q1: What is the concentration of copper in the earths crust.
A1: 50 parts per million
Q2: How large was the biggest find of copper?
A2: 420 tonnes
Q3: What year was the largest find of copper discovered?
A3: 1857
Q4: Where was the largest mass of copper found?
A4: Michigan, US
Q5: How big is the largest copper crystal that has been found?
A5: 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper occurs naturally as native copper and was known to some of the oldest civilizations on record. It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. There is evidence that gold and meteoric iron (but not iron smelting) were the only metals used by humans before copper. The history of copper metallurgy is thought to have followed the following sequence: 1) cold working of native copper, 2) annealing, 3) smelting, and 4) the lost wax method. In southeastern Anatolia, all four of these metallurgical techniques appears more or less simultaneously at the beginning of the Neolithic c. 7500 BC. However, just as agriculture was independently invented in several parts of the world, copper smelting was invented locally in several different places. It was probably discovered independently in China before 2800 BC, in Central America perhaps around 600 AD, and in West Africa about the 9th or 10th century AD. Investment casting was invented in 4500–4000 BC in Southeast Asia and carbon dating has established mining at Alderley Edge in Cheshire, UK at 2280 to 1890 BC. Ötzi the Iceman, a male dated from 3300–3200 BC, was found with an axe with a copper head 99.7% pure; high levels of arsenic in his hair suggest his involvement in copper smelting. Experience with copper has assisted the development of other metals; in particular, copper smelting led to the discovery of iron smelting. Production in the Old Copper Complex in Michigan and Wisconsin is dated between 6000 and 3000 BC. Natural bronze, a type of copper made from ores rich in silicon, arsenic, and (rarely) tin, came into general use in the Balkans around 5500 BC.[citation needed]

Q1: When was copper first known to have been used?
A1: 9000 BC
Q2: In what area is the first recorded use of copper?
A2: Middle East
Q3: When was copper thought to have been discovered in China?
A3: 2800 BC
Q4: Copper smelting resulted in the development of what other metal smelting?
A4: iron smelting
Q5: When did Natural bronze start to be used by the general public?
A5: 5500 BC
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coil increases the electrical energy efficiency of the motor. Copper motor rotors, a new technology designed for motor applications where energy savings are prime design objectives, are enabling general-purpose induction motors to meet and exceed National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) premium efficiency standards.

Q1: What property of copper increases the efficiency of electrical motors?
A1: conductivity
Q2: What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use globally?
A2: 43%-46%
Q3: What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use in industry?
A3: 69%
Q4: What does the acronym NEMA stand for?
A4: National Electrical Manufacturers Association
Q5: By using copper motor rotor technology it is allowing industry to exceed what standards?
A5: efficiency standards
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic interactions, which are dominated by the s-electrons through metallic bonds. Unlike metals with incomplete d-shells, metallic bonds in copper are lacking a covalent character and are relatively weak. This explains the low hardness and high ductility of single crystals of copper. At the macroscopic scale, introduction of extended defects to the crystal lattice, such as grain boundaries, hinders flow of the material under applied stress, thereby increasing its hardness. For this reason, copper is usually supplied in a fine-grained polycrystalline form, which has greater strength than monocrystalline forms.

Q1: What group of the periodic table is copper in?
A1: group 11
Q2: Name a property that copper, silver and gold have in common.
A2: one s-orbital electron
Q3: What makes copper bondings weaker than other metals?
A3: filled d-electron shell
Q4: How is copper normally supplied?
A4: fine-grained polycrystalline form
Q5: What is a weaker form of copper than fine-grained polycrystalline?
A5: monocrystalline forms
Title: Copper
Topic: History

Copper-alloy touch surfaces have natural intrinsic properties to destroy a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus, Clostridium difficile, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and fungi). Some 355 copper alloys were proven to kill more than 99.9% of disease-causing bacteria within just two hours when cleaned regularly. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the registrations of these copper alloys as "antimicrobial materials with public health benefits," which allows manufacturers to legally make claims as to the positive public health benefits of products made with registered antimicrobial copper alloys. In addition, the EPA has approved a long list of antimicrobial copper products made from these alloys, such as bedrails, handrails, over-bed tables, sinks, faucets, door knobs, toilet hardware, computer keyboards, health club equipment, shopping cart handles, etc. (for a comprehensive list of products, see: Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces#Approved products). Copper doorknobs are used by hospitals to reduce the transfer of disease, and Legionnaires' disease is suppressed by copper tubing in plumbing systems. Antimicrobial copper alloy products are now being installed in healthcare facilities in the U.K., Ireland, Japan, Korea, France, Denmark, and Brazil[citation needed] and in the subway transit system in Santiago, Chile, where copper-zinc alloy handrails will be installed in some 30 stations between 2011–2014.

Q1: What is an intrinsic property of copper-alloy touch surfaces?
A1: antimicrobial
Q2: 355 copper alloys have been proven to kill what percentage of bacteria?
A2: 99.9%
Q3: What does the acronym EPA stand for?
A3: Environmental Protection Agency
Q4: How many copper alloys has the EPA approved as antimicrobial materials?
A4: 355
Q5: What disease do hospitals hope to prevent by installing copper doornobs?
A5: Legionnaires' disease
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Coptic Christians face discrimination at multiple levels of the government, ranging from disproportionate representation in government ministries to laws that limit their ability to build or repair churches. Intolerance of Bahá'ís and non-orthodox Muslim sects, such as Sufis, Shi'a and Ahmadis, also remains a problem. When the government moved to computerise identification cards, members of religious minorities, such as Bahá'ís, could not obtain identification documents. An Egyptian court ruled in early 2008 that members of other faiths may obtain identity cards without listing their faiths, and without becoming officially recognised.

Q1: What do Coptic Christians face?
A1: discrimination at multiple levels of the government,
Q2: When government computerised ID cards who were adversely impacted?
A2: religious minorities
Q3: When did Egyptian court rule that members of other faiths could obtain ID cards without listing faith?
A3: 2008
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held.

Q1: When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights without what?
A1: authorization
Q2: What have courts said there is a difference between?
A2: copyright infringement and theft
Q3: In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records NOT constitute?
A3: theft, conversion, or fraud
Q4: What is the separate term of art to define misappropriation of copyright?
A4: The Copyright Act
Q5: What did the court say was invaded?
A5: certain exclusive rights
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.

Q1: How are disputes resolved for small scale infringement?
A1: direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court
Q2: Why has copyright infringement increased recently?
A2: Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet
Q3: What are two examples of groups that allow you to make copies of protected works?
A3: service providers and software distributors
Q4: What are content creation industries focusing on doing to prevent infringement?
A4: expanding copyright law
Q5: What can happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale?
A5: prosecuted via the criminal justice system
Q6: What are two examples of groups that allow you to obtain copies of protected works?
A6: service providers and software distributors
Title: Intellectual_property
Topic: History

Copyright infringement is reproducing, distributing, displaying or performing a work, or to make derivative works, without permission from the copyright holder, which is typically a publisher or other business representing or assigned by the work's creator. It is often called "piracy". While copyright is created the instance a work is fixed, generally the copyright holder can only get money damages if the owner registers the copyright.[citation needed] Enforcement of copyright is generally the responsibility of the copyright holder. The ACTA trade agreement, signed in May 2011 by the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and the EU, and which has not entered into force, requires that its parties add criminal penalties, including incarceration and fines, for copyright and trademark infringement, and obligated the parties to active police for infringement. There are limitations and exceptions to copyright, allowing limited use of copyrighted works, which does not constitute infringement. Examples of such doctrines are the fair use and fair dealing doctrine.

Q1: When was the ACTA trade agreement signed?
A1: May 2011
Q2: Which countries signed ACTA?
A2: United States, Japan, Switzerland, and the EU
Q3: Which doctrines allow limited use of copyrighted works?
A3: fair use and fair dealing
Q4: What is the common term for copyright infringement?
A4: piracy
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement.

Q1: What are the rights of a content creator that has their work protected?
A1: right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works
Q2: How do creators of content protect their work from infringement?
A2: copyright law
Q3: Who is protected by copyright laws?
A3: work's creator
Q4: What is it called when someone uploads a video to YouTube without the creators permission?
A4: copyright infringement
Q5: You wrote a song that was based on an original work, what is this called?
A5: derivative works
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

Cordwood construction can save significant space and was often used with wire-ended components in applications where space was at a premium (such as missile guidance and telemetry systems) and in high-speed computers, where short traces were important. In cordwood construction, axial-leaded components were mounted between two parallel planes. The components were either soldered together with jumper wire, or they were connected to other components by thin nickel ribbon welded at right angles onto the component leads. To avoid shorting together different interconnection layers, thin insulating cards were placed between them. Perforations or holes in the cards allowed component leads to project through to the next interconnection layer. One disadvantage of this system was that special nickel-leaded components had to be used to allow the interconnecting welds to be made. Differential thermal expansion of the component could put pressure on the leads of the components and the PCB traces and cause physical damage (as was seen in several modules on the Apollo program). Additionally, components located in the interior are difficult to replace. Some versions of cordwood construction used soldered single-sided PCBs as the interconnection method (as pictured), allowing the use of normal-leaded components.

Q1: What type of construction is best for applications that need to portion space carefully?
A1: Cordwood
Q2: What gets mounted in the middle of two parallel planes in a cordwood construction?
A2: axial-leaded components
Q3: What do insulating cards prevent between interconnection layers?
A3: shorting
Q4: What type of component has to be used in cordwood construction to its detriment?
A4: nickel-leaded
Q5: What force caused the physical damage to components that affected the Apollo program?
A5: Differential thermal expansion
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion. Clark also claimed that Abdul gave him preferential treatment on the show due to their affair. The allegations were dismissed by Fox after an independent investigation. Two semi-finalists were also disqualified that year – Jaered Andrews for an arrest on an assault charge, and Frenchie Davis for having previously modelled for an adult website.

Q1: Which judge did Corey Clark claim to have had an affair with?
A1: Paula Abdul
Q2: Which contestant was removed from the competition for having been a model on an adult website?
A2: Frenchie Davis
Q3: Which contestant was removed from the competition for not revealing his police record?
A3: Corey Clark
Q4: Which contestant had previously been arrested and charged with assault?
A4: Jaered Andrews
Q5: Who was disqualified for having a police record?
A5: Corey Clark
Q6: Which contestant was removed from the show for modelling for an adult website?
A6: Frenchie Davis
Q7: Which contestant was disqualified because of an assault charge?
A7: Jaered Andrews
Title: Cork_(city)
Topic: History

Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support. Logitech and EMC Corporation are also important IT employers in the area. Three hospitals are also among the top ten employers in the city (see table below).

Q1: What is the main industry in Cork?
A1: pharmaceuticals
Q2: Who are the two major industry employers in Cork?
A2: Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis
Q3: What is the most famous pharmaceutical company in Cork?
A3: Viagra
Q4: What major computing company calls Cork it's European Headquarters?
A4: Apple
Q5: Who are important industrial technology companies in Cork?
A5: Logitech and EMC Corporation
Title: Cork_(city)
Topic: History

Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the Medieval to Modern periods. The only notable remnant of the Medieval era is the Red Abbey. There are two cathedrals in the city; St. Mary's Cathedral and Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral. St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is the Catholic cathedral of the city and was begun in 1808. Its distinctive tower was added in the 1860s. St Fin Barre's Cathedral serves the Protestant faith and is possibly the more famous of the two. It is built on the foundations of an earlier cathedral. Work began in 1862 and ended in 1879 under the direction of architect William Burges.

Q1: From which periods are the buildings in Cork from?
A1: Medieval to Modern
Q2: What is so special about the Red Abbey in Cork?
A2: only notable remnant of the Medieval era
Q3: How many cathedrals does Cork host?
A3: two
Q4: What is the Catholic cathedral of Cork?
A4: St Mary's Cathedral
Q5: What else is St. Mary's known as?
A5: North Cathedral
Title: Cork_(city)
Topic: History

Cork has been culturally diverse for many years, from Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities and a smaller numbers from African and Asian nations in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is reflected in the multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-European or Middle-Eastern food, Chinese and Thai restaurants, French patisseries, Indian buffets, and Middle Eastern kebab houses. Cork saw some Jewish immigration from Lithuania and Russia in the late 19th century. Jewish citizens such as Gerald Goldberg (several times Lord Mayor), David Marcus (novelist) and Louis Marcus (documentary maker) played notable roles in 20th century Cork. Today, the Jewish community is relatively small in population, although the city still has a Jewish quarter and synagogue. Cork also features various Christian churches, as well as a mosque. Some Catholic masses around the city are said in Polish, Filipino, Lithuanian, Romanian and other languages, in addition to the traditional Latin and local Irish and English language services.

Q1: What are 2 major cultural influences of Cork?
A1: Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities
Q2: What things show Corks diverse culural background?
A2: multi-cultural restaurants and shops
Q3: When did Cork begin to see people from Russia and Lithuania immigrating to their city?
A3: late 19th century
Q4: What types of religions can be found in Cork?
A4: various Christian churches, as well as a mosque
Q5: How do the Catholic churches handle the diverse languages of Cork?
A5: masses around the city are said in Polish, Filipino, Lithuanian, Romanian and other languages, in addition to the traditional Latin and local Irish and English
Title: Cork_(city)
Topic: History

Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner). It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper. Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can still be heard in various parts of the city centre. One of the biggest free newspapers in the city is the Cork Independent. The city's University publishes the UCC Express and Motley magazine.

Q1: WHich Irish newspaper has it's homebase in Cork, Ireland?
A1: the Irish Examiner
Q2: What was the Irish Examiner's previous identity?
A2: Cork Examiner
Q3: Who are the Echo Boys?
A3: poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper
Q4: What newspaper did the Echo Boys sell?
A4: Evening Echo
Q5: What publications are put out by the UCC?
A5: UCC Express and Motley magazine
Title: Cork_(city)
Topic: History

Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans of Ping, Simple Kid, Microdisney, Fred, Mick Flannery and the late Rory Gallagher. Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also hail from Cork. The opera singers Cara O'Sullivan, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy are also Cork born. Ranging in capacity from 50 to 1,000, the main music venues in the city are the Cork Opera House (capacity c.1000), Cyprus Avenue, Triskel Christchurch, the Roundy, the Savoy and Coughlan's.[citation needed] Cork's underground scene is supported by Plugd Records.[citation needed]

Q1: Which group members of The High Llamas are from Cork?
A1: Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan
Q2: Which major opera singers were born in Cork?
A2: Cara O'Sullivan, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy
Q3: Who runs the underground music scene in Cork?
A3: Plugd Records
Q4: What are the main attractions in Cork?
A4: Cork Opera House (capacity c.1000), Cyprus Avenue, Triskel Christchurch, the Roundy, the Savoy and Coughlan's
Q5: Which famous quartet calls Cork it's home?
A5: RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet
Title: Cork_(city)
Topic: History

Cork was one of the most rail-oriented cities in Ireland, featuring eight stations at various times. The main route, still much the same today, is from Dublin Heuston. Originally terminating on the city's outskirts at Blackpool, the route now reaches the city centre terminus of Kent Station via Glanmire tunnel. Now a through station, the line through Kent connects the towns of Cobh and Midleton east of the city. This also connected to the seaside town of Youghal, until the 1980s.[citation needed]

Q1: How many rail stations has cork had over the years?
A1: eight
Q2: What connects Cobh and Midleton to Cork?
A2: the line through Kent
Q3: Where does the main rail originate?
A3: Dublin Heuston
Q4: Where was the original end of the line?
A4: Blackpool
Q5: What was Ireland's most rail-centric city?
A5: Cork
Title: Cork_(city)
Topic: History

Cork was originally a monastic settlement, reputedly founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century. Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port. It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network. The ecclesiastical settlement continued alongside the Viking longphort, with the two developing a type of symbiotic relationship; the Norsemen providing otherwise unobtainable trade goods for the monastery, and perhaps also military aid.

Q1: Who was thought to have founded Cork?
A1: Saint Finbarr
Q2: When was Cork believed to have been founded?
A2: 6th century
Q3: When did Viking travelers establish a trading post in Cork?
A3: some point between 915 and 922
Q4: What kind of settlement was Cork?
A4: ecclesiastical
Q5: What did the Norsemen provide to the monastery?
A5: otherwise unobtainable trade goods
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Coronis, was daughter of Phlegyas, King of the Lapiths. Pregnant with Asclepius, Coronis fell in love with Ischys, son of Elatus. A crow informed Apollo of the affair. When first informed he disbelieved the crow and turned all crows black (where they were previously white) as a punishment for spreading untruths. When he found out the truth he sent his sister, Artemis, to kill Coronis (in other stories, Apollo himself had killed Coronis). As a result, he also made the crow sacred and gave them the task of announcing important deaths. Apollo rescued the baby and gave it to the centaur Chiron to raise. Phlegyas was irate after the death of his daughter and burned the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Apollo then killed him for what he did.

Q1: Who was the daughter of Phlegyas?
A1: Coronis
Q2: Who owas King of the Lapiths?
A2: Phlegyas
Q3: How was Apollo informed of the affair between Coronis and Ischys?
A3: A crow
Q4: Who was the son of Elatus?
A4: Ischys
Title: Copyright_infringement
Topic: Language and literature

Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include education, civil & criminal legislation, and international agreements, as well as publicizing anti-piracy litigation successes and imposing forms of digital media copy protection, such as controversial DRM technology and anti-circumvention laws, which limit the amount of control consumers have over the use of products and content they have purchased.

Q1: Who takes different steps to prevent infringement?
A1: Corporations and legislatures
Q2: What is the major focus of these steps?
A2: preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement
Q3: What kinds of legislation are a strategy for preventing infringement?
A3: civil & criminal
Q4: What does DRM and anti-circumvention laws do?
A4: limit the amount of control consumers have
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Corruption also generates economic distortion in the public sector by diverting public investment into capital projects where bribes and kickbacks are more plentiful. Officials may increase the technical complexity of public sector projects to conceal or pave the way for such dealings, thus further distorting investment. Corruption also lowers compliance with construction, environmental, or other regulations, reduces the quality of government services and infrastructure, and increases budgetary pressures on government.

Q1: Economic distortion is created by corruption in the public sector by diverting what into capital projects?
A1: public investment
Q2: What is more plentiful in capital projects?
A2: bribes and kickbacks
Q3: Corruption can lower what with environmental regulations?
A3: compliance
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

Corruption and Trikoupis' increased spending to create necessary infrastructure like the Corinth Canal overtaxed the weak Greek economy, forcing the declaration of public insolvency in 1893 and to accept the imposition of an International Financial Control authority to pay off the country's debtors. Another political issue in 19th-century Greece was uniquely Greek: the language question. The Greek people spoke a form of Greek called Demotic. Many of the educated elite saw this as a peasant dialect and were determined to restore the glories of Ancient Greek.

Q1: In 1893 Greece announced what?
A1: public insolvency
Q2: To pay off the people they owed, Greece had to accept what?
A2: International Financial Control authority
Q3: The people of Greece that had higher education saw what dialect as beneath them?
A3: Demotic
Q4: A hot topic in Greece in the 19th century was what?
A4: language
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Corruption can also affect the various components of sports activities (referees, players, medical and laboratory staff involved in anti-doping controls, members of national sport federation and international committees deciding about the allocation of contracts and competition places).

Q1: Corruption can determine certain things in what kind of activities?
A1: sports
Q2: Medical staff can affect what aspect of sports?
A2: anti-doping controls
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables corrupt countries to gain illegitimate economic advantage in the international market.

Q1: Corruption aids what as far as the environment is concerned?
A1: environmental destruction
Q2: Formal legislation cannot be regulated when officials are what?
A2: bribed
Q3: Bribes also halt unions, the protection of children in labor, and what?
A3: social rights worker protection
Q4: When these laws are broken, corrupt countries gain what in the international market?
A4: illegitimate economic advantage
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Corruption is not specific to poor, developing, or transition countries. In western countries, cases of bribery and other forms of corruption in all possible fields exist: under-the-table payments made to reputed surgeons by patients attempting to be on top of the list of forthcoming surgeries, bribes paid by suppliers to the automotive industry in order to sell low-quality connectors used for instance in safety equipment such as airbags, bribes paid by suppliers to manufacturers of defibrillators (to sell low-quality capacitors), contributions paid by wealthy parents to the "social and culture fund" of a prestigious university in exchange for it to accept their children, bribes paid to obtain diplomas, financial and other advantages granted to unionists by members of the executive board of a car manufacturer in exchange for employer-friendly positions and votes, etc. Examples are endless. These various manifestations of corruption can ultimately present a danger for the public health; they can discredit specific, essential institutions or social relationships.

Q1: These types of corruption can harm what?
A1: the public health
Q2: Along with institutions, this type of corruption can discredit what?
A2: social relationships
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the funds that were donated for health usages were never invested into the health sectors or given to those needing medical attention.

Q1: Where is corruption most noticeable?
A1: countries with the smallest per capita incomes
Q2: These countries rely on foreign aid for what?
A2: health services
Q3: In Sub-Saharan African countries, what level of government is corruption especially prevalent at?
A3: Local
Q4: Which report described this corruption? 
A4: the 2006 World Bank Report
Q5: How many funds did not reach their intended recipients who needed medical attention?
A5: about half
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

Cossacks, although Slavic-speaking and Orthodox Christians, came from a mix of ethnic backgrounds, including Tatars and other Turks. Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians.

Q1: Cossacks came from what backgrounds?
A1: Tatars and other Turks
Q2: Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?
A2: Ossetians
Q3: What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?
A3: Orthodox Christians
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth for highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans; cambric, popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts (from which we get the term "blue-collar"); and corduroy, seersucker, and cotton twill. Socks, underwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton. Bed sheets often are made from cotton. Cotton also is used to make yarn used in crochet and knitting. Fabric also can be made from recycled or recovered cotton that otherwise would be thrown away during the spinning, weaving, or cutting process. While many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some materials blend cotton with other fibers, including rayon and synthetic fibers such as polyester. It can either be used in knitted or woven fabrics, as it can be blended with elastine to make a stretchier thread for knitted fabrics, and apparel such as stretch jeans.

Q1: For what is cotton used to make?
A1: textile products
Q2: Besides new cotton fibers, what type of fibers can be used to make cotton products?
A2: recycled or recovered cotton
Q3: With what is cotton often blended to make a new style of fabric?
A3: synthetic fibers
Q4: What kinds of fabrics can be made from blended fibers?
A4: knitted or woven
Q5: For what can cotton yarn be used?
A5: crochet and knitting
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

Cotton linters are fine, silky fibers which adhere to the seeds of the cotton plant after ginning. These curly fibers typically are less than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) long. The term also may apply to the longer textile fiber staple lint as well as the shorter fuzzy fibers from some upland species. Linters are traditionally used in the manufacture of paper and as a raw material in the manufacture of cellulose. In the UK, linters are referred to as "cotton wool". This can also be a refined product (absorbent cotton in U.S. usage) which has medical, cosmetic and many other practical uses. The first medical use of cotton wool was by Sampson Gamgee at the Queen's Hospital (later the General Hospital) in Birmingham, England.

Q1: What part of the cotton plant is used for paper manufacture?
A1: Cotton linters
Q2: What do cotton linters look like?
A2: fine, silky fibers
Q3: What are cotton linters called in the UK?
A3: cotton wool
Q4: What is cotton wool called in the US?
A4: absorbent cotton
Q5: What individual first used cotton wool medically?
A5: Sampson Gamgee
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

Cotton lisle is a finely-spun, tightly twisted type of cotton that is noted for being strong and durable. Lisle is composed of two strands that have each been twisted an extra twist per inch than ordinary yarns and combined to create a single thread. The yarn is spun so that it is compact and solid. This cotton is used mainly for underwear, stockings, and gloves. Colors applied to this yarn are noted for being more brilliant than colors applied to softer yarn. This type of thread was first made in the city of Lisle, France (now Lille), hence its name.

Q1: What is a fine, tightly twisted type of cotton fabric?
A1: Cotton lisle
Q2: What is lisle considered to be as a fabric?
A2: strong and durable
Q3: What does extra twisting of lisle thread produce?
A3: single thread
Q4: Where was the lisle thread originally made?
A4: Lisle, France
Q5: How is color perceived to be for lisle in comparison to softer yarns? 
A5: more brilliant
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

Cotton remained a key crop in the Southern economy after emancipation and the end of the Civil War in 1865. Across the South, sharecropping evolved, in which landless black and white farmers worked land owned by others in return for a share of the profits. Some farmers rented the land and bore the production costs themselves. Until mechanical cotton pickers were developed, cotton farmers needed additional labor to hand-pick cotton. Picking cotton was a source of income for families across the South. Rural and small town school systems had split vacations so children could work in the fields during "cotton-picking."

Q1: What was the procedure called which involved workers to work for a share of the profits? 
A1: sharecropping
Q2: What difficulty in harvesting cotton required a large labor force?
A2: hand-pick
Q3: Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton?
A3: children
Q4: What function of southern schools was created for children to pick cotton?
A4: split vacations
Q5: What part of the southern population worked as sharecroppers?
A5: landless
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

Coulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000) was the first full-length treatment of comics from a philosophical perspective. Prominent American attempts at definitions of comics include Eisner's, McCloud's, and Harvey's. Eisner described what he called "sequential art" as "the arrangement of pictures or images and words to narrate a story or dramatize an idea"; Scott McCloud defined comics "juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or to produce an aesthetic response in the viewer", a strictly formal definition which detached comics from its historical and cultural trappings. R. C. Harvey defined comics as "pictorial narratives or expositions in which words (often lettered into the picture area within speech balloons) usually contribute to the meaning of the pictures and vice versa". Each definition has had its detractors. Harvey saw McCloud's definition as excluding single-panel cartoons, and objected to McCloud's de-emphasizing verbal elements, insisting "the essential characteristic of comics is the incorporation of verbal content". Aaron Meskin saw McCloud's theories as an artificial attempt to legitimize the place of comics in art history.

Q1: Who put together a history of American comics in 1947?
A1: Coulton Waugh
Q2: What was the name of Waugh's work?
A2: The Comics
Q3: Who created a book about comics from a philosophical point of view?
A3: David Carrier
Q4: What book did Will Eisner create in 1985?
A4: Comics and Sequential Art
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

Council estates are in the Weston, Thornhill and Townhill Park districts. The city is ranked 96th most deprived out of all 354 Local Authorities in England.

Q1: How many Local Authorities are there in England?
A1: 354
Q2: In addition to the Thornhill and Townhill Park districts, what other district has a council estate?
A2: Weston
Q3: What's Southampton's ranking on the list of most deprived Local Authorities in England?
A3: 96th
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

Counter-intuitively, the "micro" size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime. The standard and mini connectors were designed for less than daily connections, with a design lifetime of 1,500 insertion-removal cycles. (Improved mini-B connectors have reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes.) Micro connectors were designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind; not only is design lifetime of the connector improved to 10,000 cycles, but it was also redesigned to place the flexible contacts, which wear out sooner, on the easily replaced cable, while the more durable rigid contacts are located in the micro-USB receptacles. Likewise, the springy part of the retention mechanism (parts that provide required gripping force) were also moved into plugs on the cable side.

Q1: What size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime?
A1: the "micro" size
Q2: What was designed for less daily connections?
A2: The standard and mini connectors
Q3: What has reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes?
A3: Improved mini-B connectors
Q4: What was designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind?
A4: Micro connectors