LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Xbox_360
Topic: Video games

The Xbox 360's original graphical user interface was the Xbox 360 Dashboard; a tabbed interface that featured five "Blades" (formerly four blades), and was designed by AKQA and Audiobrain. It could be launched automatically when the console booted without a disc in it, or when the disc tray was ejected, but the user had the option to select what the console does if a game is in the tray on start up, or if inserted when already on. A simplified version of it was also accessible at any time via the Xbox Guide button on the gamepad. This simplified version showed the user's gamercard, Xbox Live messages and friends list. It also allowed for personal and music settings, in addition to voice or video chats, or returning to the Xbox Dashboard from the game.

Q1: What was the original user interface for the 360 called?
A1: Xbox 360 Dashboard
Q2: Who designed this user interface?
A2: AKQA and Audiobrain
Q3: The simple dashboard could be accessed by pressing what controller button?
A3: the Xbox Guide button on the gamepad
Q4: How many tabs were on the 360 dashboard interface?
A4: five
Q5: The tabs on the user interface were called what?
A5: Blades
Title: Xbox_360
Topic: Video games

The Xbox Live Marketplace is a virtual market designed for the console that allows Xbox Live users to download purchased or promotional content. The service offers movie and game trailers, game demos, Xbox Live Arcade games and Xbox 360 Dashboard themes as well as add-on game content (items, costumes, levels etc.). These features are available to both Free and Gold members on Xbox Live. A hard drive or memory unit is required to store products purchased from Xbox Live Marketplace. In order to download priced content, users are required to purchase Microsoft Points for use as scrip; though some products (such as trailers and demos) are free to download. Microsoft Points can be obtained through prepaid cards in 1,600 and 4,000-point denominations. Microsoft Points can also be purchased through Xbox Live with a credit card in 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 5,000-point denominations. Users are able to view items available to download on the service through a PC via the Xbox Live Marketplace website. An estimated seventy percent of Xbox Live users have downloaded items from the Marketplace.

Q1: What XBox Live service allows users to buy games and downloadable content?
A1: Xbox Live Marketplace
Q2: Which levels of Xbox Live membership may access the Marketplace?
A2: Free and Gold members
Q3: What hardware is required to use the Marketplace?
A3: A hard drive or memory unit
Q4: What virtual currency is used to make Marketplace purchases?
A4: Microsoft Points
Q5: Prepaid cards for Microsoft Points are available in what denominations?
A5: 1,600 and 4,000
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.

Q1: In the Xeer system, what are judges called?
A1: odayal
Q2: What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English?
A2: jurists
Q3: What does the Xeer system call attorneys?
A3: garxajiyaal
Q4: By what term are witnesses known in the Xeer system?
A4: murkhaatiyal
Q5: What does the Xeer system call cops?
A5: waranle
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

The Xeer legal system is assumed to have developed exclusively in the Horn of Africa since approximately the 7th century. There is no evidence that it developed elsewhere or was greatly influenced by any foreign legal system. The fact that Somali legal terminology is practically devoid of loan words from foreign languages suggests that Xeer is truly indigenous.

Q1: In what century did the Xeer system begin?
A1: 7th
Q2: In what region did the Xeer system develop?
A2: the Horn of Africa
Q3: What fact about Somali legal terms implies that Xeer developed locally?
A3: devoid of loan words
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

The Xinhai Revolution led to the founding of the Republic of China in January 1912 with Sun Yat-sen as the first provisional president and Nanking was selected as its new capital. However, the Qing Empire controlled large regions to the north, so revolutionaries asked Yuan Shikai to replace Sun as president in exchange for the abdication of Puyi, the Last Emperor. Yuan demanded the capital be Beijing (closer to his power base).

Q1: When was the Republic of China founded?
A1: January 1912
Q2: Who was the first president of the Republic of China?
A2: Sun Yat-sen
Q3: Who moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing?
A3: Yuan Shikai
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu of Han (r. 141–87 BC) launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC.

Q1: Which confederation defeated the Han in 200 BC?
A1: The Xiongnu
Q2: What type of campaign helped establish the Silk Road?
A2: military
Q3: In what year was Nanyue annexed?
A3: 111 BC
Q4: Which confederation conquered the territories north of the Han's border?
A4: Xianbei
Q5: In what year did Emperor Wu of Han's reign end?
A5: 87 BC
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

The Yale Provost's Office has launched several women into prominent university presidencies. In 1977 Hanna Holborn Gray was appointed acting President of Yale from this position, and went on to become President of the University of Chicago, the first woman to be full president of a major university. In 1994 Yale Provost Judith Rodin became the first female president of an Ivy League institution at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2002 Provost Alison Richard became the Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. In 2004, Provost Susan Hockfield became the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2007 Deputy Provost Kim Bottomly was named President of Wellesley College. In 2003, the Dean of the Divinity School, Rebecca Chopp, was appointed president of Colgate University and now heads Swarthmore College.

Q1: Who was appointed acting President of Yale in 1977?
A1: Hanna Holborn Gray
Q2: Where did Hanna Holborn Gray go after Yale?
A2: University of Chicago
Q3: In what year did Judith Rodin become the first female president of an Ivy League school?
A3: 1994
Q4: In what year did Susan Hockfield become President of MIT?
A4: 2004
Q5: Who became Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 2002?
A5: Alison Richard
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

The Yale Report of 1828 was a dogmatic defense of the Latin and Greek curriculum against critics who wanted more courses in modern languages, mathematics, and science. Unlike higher education in Europe, there was no national curriculum for colleges and universities in the United States. In the competition for students and financial support, college leaders strove to keep current with demands for innovation. At the same time, they realized that a significant portion of their students and prospective students demanded a classical background. The Yale report meant the classics would not be abandoned. All institutions experimented with changes in the curriculum, often resulting in a dual track. In the decentralized environment of higher education in the United States, balancing change with tradition was a common challenge because no one could afford to be completely modern or completely classical. A group of professors at Yale and New Haven Congregationalist ministers articulated a conservative response to the changes brought about by the Victorian culture. They concentrated on developing a whole man possessed of religious values sufficiently strong to resist temptations from within, yet flexible enough to adjust to the 'isms' (professionalism, materialism, individualism, and consumerism) tempting him from without. William Graham Sumner, professor from 1872 to 1909, taught in the emerging disciplines of economics and sociology to overflowing classrooms. He bested President Noah Porter, who disliked social science and wanted Yale to lock into its traditions of classical education. Porter objected to Sumner's use of a textbook by Herbert Spencer that espoused agnostic materialism because it might harm students.

Q1: When did William Graham Sumner teach?
A1: 1872 to 1909
Q2: What did William Graham Sumner teach?
A2: economics and sociology
Q3: Why was The Yale Report established?
A3: the classics would not be abandoned
Q4: What were the group of Yale professors and ministers attempting to achieve?
A4: developing a whole man possessed of religious values sufficiently strong to resist temptations
Q5: What changes were the professors and ministers responding to?
A5: Victorian culture
Title: Sichuan
Topic: History

The Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the province is the Min River of central Sichuan, which joins the Yangtze at Yibin. Sichuan's 4 main rivers, as Sichuan means literally, are Jaling Jiang, Tuo Jiang, Yalong Jiang, and Jinsha Jiang.

Q1: Which river flows through the Sichuan Basin?
A1: Yangtze River
Q2: Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Sichuan?
A2: Min River
Q3: What are the 4 main rivers in Sichuan?
A3: Jaling Jiang, Tuo Jiang, Yalong Jiang, and Jinsha Jiang
Q4: Name some cities downstream of the Yangtze river that are to the east of Sichuan.
A4: Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai
Title: Montana
Topic: Geography and places

The Yellowstone River rises on the continental divide near Younts Peak in Wyoming's Teton Wilderness. It flows north through Yellowstone National Park, enters Montana near Gardiner, and passes through the Paradise Valley to Livingston. It then flows northeasterly across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glendive, and Sidney. The Yellowstone joins the Missouri in North Dakota just east of Fort Union. It is the longest undammed, free-flowing river in the contiguous United States, and drains about a quarter of Montana (36,000 square miles (93,000 km2)).

Q1: Which direction does the Yellowstone River flow through the national park?
A1: north
Q2: Where does the Yellowstone meet the Missouri river?
A2: North Dakota
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

The Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot ("אַ שפּראַך איז אַ דיאַלעקט מיט אַן אַרמײ און פֿלאָט"‎: "A language is a dialect with an army and navy") in YIVO Bleter 25.1, 1945, p. 13. The significance of the political factors in any attempt at answering the question "what is a language?" is great enough to cast doubt on whether any strictly linguistic definition, without a socio-cultural approach, is possible. This is illustrated by the frequency with which the army-navy aphorism is cited.

Q1: Max Weinreich is a linguist of what language?
A1: Yiddish
Q2: What does "A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot" mean in English?
A2: A language is a dialect with an army and navy
Q3: When did Max Weinrich write "A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot"?
A3: 1945
Title: Hindu_philosophy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The Yoga school builds on the Samkhya school theory that jñāna (knowledge) is a sufficient means to moksha. It suggests that systematic techniques/practice (personal experimentation) combined with Samkhya's approach to knowledge is the path to moksha. Yoga shares several central ideas with Advaita Vedanta, with the difference that Yoga is a form of experimental mysticism while Advaita Vedanta is a form of monistic personalism. Like Advaita Vedanta, the Yoga school of Hindu philosophy states that liberation/freedom in this life is achievable, and this occurs when an individual fully understands and realizes the equivalence of Atman (soul, self) and Brahman.

Q1: What principle does yoga use from Samkhya?
A1: jñāna
Q2: What is the meaning of jnana?
A2: knowledge
Q3: To what does yoga say personal experimentation and knowledge lead?
A3: moksha
Q4: To what school does yoga share central ideas?
A4: Advaita Vedanta
Q5: What state in life does yoga believe is achievable?
A5: liberation/freedom
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

The Zhengde Emperor (r. 1505–1521), who enjoyed the company of lamas at court despite protests from the censorate, had heard tales of a "living Buddha" which he desired to host at the Ming capital; this was none other than the Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama then occupying Lhasa. Zhengde's top advisors made every attempt to dissuade him from inviting this lama to court, arguing that Tibetan Buddhism was wildly heterodox and unorthodox. Despite protests by the Grand Secretary Liang Chu, in 1515 the Zhengde Emperor sent his eunuch official Liu Yun of the Palace Chancellery on a mission to invite this Karmapa to Beijing. Liu commanded a fleet of hundreds of ships requisitioned along the Yangtze, consuming 2,835 g (100 oz) of silver a day in food expenses while stationed for a year in Chengdu of Sichuan. After procurring necessary gifts for the mission, he departed with a cavalry force of about 1,000 troops. When the request was delivered, the Karmapa lama refused to leave Tibet despite the Ming force brought to coerce him. The Karmapa launched a surprise ambush on Liu Yun's camp, seizing all the goods and valuables while killing or wounding half of Liu Yun's entire escort. After this fiasco, Liu fled for his life, but only returned to Chengdu several years later to find that the Zhengde Emperor had died.

Q1: When did the Zhengde Emperor rule? 
A1: 1505–1521
Q2: Who's company did the Zhengde Emperor enjoy?
A2: the company of lamas
Q3: Who was the 8th Karmapa Lama?
A3: Mikyö Dorje
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse. About 2,000 troops have been allocated to Zipingpu, trying to release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, most of them small, were reported damaged by the quake.

Q1: What power plant was damaged?
A1: Hydropower Plant
Q2: How far away was the plant located from the epicenter?
A2: 20 km east
Q3: How many troops were allocated to Zipingpu?
A3: 2,000
Q4: How many dams were damaged?
A4: 391
Q5: What power plant was damaged by the earthquake?
A5: Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
Q6: How near to the epicenter was the power plant?
A6: 20 km
Q7: What has a recent inspection found about the damage to the power plant?
A7: less severe
Q8: What might possibly collapse upstream from the power plant?
A8: Tulong reservoir
Q9: What is the total number of dams damaged?
A9: 391
Title: A_cappella
Topic: Music

The a cappella musical Perfect Harmony, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the National championship, made its Off Broadway debut at Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October, 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachusetts. Perfect Harmony features the hit music of The Jackson 5, Pat Benatar, Billy Idol, Marvin Gaye, Scandal, Tiffany, The Romantics, The Pretenders, The Temptations, The Contours, The Commodores, Tommy James & the Shondells and The Partridge Family, and has been compared to a cross between Altar Boyz and The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee.

Q1: What Off-Broadway theater did Perfect Harmony open at?
A1: Theatre Row’s Acorn Theatre
Q2: Before coming to New York, at what theater had Perfect Harmony previously been successful?
A2: Stoneham Theatre
Q3: Perfect Harmony has been called a combination of which two musicals?
A3: Altar Boyz and The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee.
Q4: In what month was Perfect Harmony's Off-Brodway debut?
A4: October
Q5: What genre best describes Perfect Harmony?
A5: comedy
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The abacus was initially used for arithmetic tasks. The Roman abacus was used in Babylonia as early as 2400 BC. Since then, many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented. In a medieval European counting house, a checkered cloth would be placed on a table, and markers moved around on it according to certain rules, as an aid to calculating sums of money.

Q1: What was the abacus first used for?
A1: arithmetic tasks
Q2: When was the Roman abacus first used?
A2: 2400 BC
Q3: Where was the Roman abacus first used?
A3: Babylonia
Q4: In medieval Europe was was placed on a table to help count money?
A4: a checkered cloth
Q5: A checkered cloth on a table was used in medieval Europe to help count what?
A5: sums of money
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010).

Q1: What was the abbey to Norman kings?
A1: coronation site
Q2: What architect continued work on the abbey?
A2: Henry Yevele
Q3: Who was reigning when Henry Yevele finished his work on the abbey?
A3: Richard II
Q4: What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the High Altar?
A4: Cosmati
Q5: What played a large role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation?
A5: The Confessor's shrine
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean.

Q1: The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom?
A1: Mary I of England
Q2: Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?
A2: Elizabeth I
Q3: What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it?
A3: Collegiate Church of St Peter
Q4: Who was made the first dean of the new church?
A4: The last of Mary's abbots
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design. Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble. Further rebuilding and restoration occurred in the 19th century under Sir George Gilbert Scott.

Q1: When were the western towers built?
A1: between 1722 and 1745
Q2: Who built the western towers of the abbey?
A2: Nicholas Hawksmoor
Q3: What kind of marble was used for the walls and floors of the abbey?
A3: Purbeck
Q4: Under whom did the 19th century rebulding occur?
A4: Sir George Gilbert Scott
Q5: What were the two western towers built from?
A5: Portland stone
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed]

Q1: Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest?
A1: The abbot and monks
Q2: The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century?
A2: government
Q3: Who was employed on royal service?
A3: The abbot
Q4: With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify?
A4: secular
Q5: To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed?
A5: Cluniac
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

The abdomen is the largest tagma of the insect, which typically consists of 11–12 segments and is less strongly sclerotized than the head or thorax. Each segment of the abdomen is represented by a sclerotized tergum and sternum. Terga are separated from each other and from the adjacent sterna or pleura by membranes. Spiracles are located in the pleural area. Variation of this ground plan includes the fusion of terga or terga and sterna to form continuous dorsal or ventral shields or a conical tube. Some insects bear a sclerite in the pleural area called a laterotergite. Ventral sclerites are sometimes called laterosternites. During the embryonic stage of many insects and the postembryonic stage of primitive insects, 11 abdominal segments are present. In modern insects there is a tendency toward reduction in the number of the abdominal segments, but the primitive number of 11 is maintained during embryogenesis. Variation in abdominal segment number is considerable. If the Apterygota are considered to be indicative of the ground plan for pterygotes, confusion reigns: adult Protura have 12 segments, Collembola have 6. The orthopteran family Acrididae has 11 segments, and a fossil specimen of Zoraptera has a 10-segmented abdomen.

Q1: What is the largest tagma of an insect?
A1: abdomen
Q2: How many segments make up an insects abdomen?
A2: 11–12 segments
Q3: The abdomen is less strong than the thorax and what?
A3: head
Q4: An insects abdomen has a sclerotized tergum and what else?
A4: sternum
Q5: The pleural area holds what?
A5: Spiracles
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

The ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds is remarkable and has been used in waste processing and bioremediation. Bacteria capable of digesting the hydrocarbons in petroleum are often used to clean up oil spills. Fertilizer was added to some of the beaches in Prince William Sound in an attempt to promote the growth of these naturally occurring bacteria after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. These efforts were effective on beaches that were not too thickly covered in oil. Bacteria are also used for the bioremediation of industrial toxic wastes. In the chemical industry, bacteria are most important in the production of enantiomerically pure chemicals for use as pharmaceuticals or agrichemicals.

Q1: What quality of bacteria is being widely used re-cyling?
A1: ability of bacteria to degrade a variety of organic compounds
Q2: What is being used in cleaning up oil spills?
A2: Bacteria
Q3: What other way is bacteria aiding to nature?
A3: used for the bioremediation
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to recognize habitats and form mental maps. Satellite tracking of day migrating raptors such as ospreys and honey buzzards has shown that older individuals are better at making corrections for wind drift.

Q1: What are older migrating birds better at?
A1: making corrections for wind drift
Q2: How was the migrating of ospretys and honey buzzards tracked?
A2: Satellite
Q3: What do the birds do to successfully perform long distance migration?
A3: recognize habitats and form mental maps
Q4: What are examples of day migrating raptors?
A4: ospreys and honey buzzards
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

The ability of birds to return to precise locations across vast distances has been known for some time; in an experiment conducted in the 1950s a Manx shearwater released in Boston returned to its colony in Skomer, Wales, within 13 days, a distance of 5,150 km (3,200 mi). Birds navigate during migration using a variety of methods. For diurnal migrants, the sun is used to navigate by day, and a stellar compass is used at night. Birds that use the sun compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day by the use of an internal clock. Orientation with the stellar compass depends on the position of the constellations surrounding Polaris. These are backed up in some species by their ability to sense the Earth's geomagnetism through specialised photoreceptors.

Q1: In which type of migration do birds use the sun to navigate by day and a stellar compass at night?
A1: diurnal migrants
Q2: Some species use specialised photoreceptors to sense what?
A2: the Earth's geomagnetism
Q3: What do birds to compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day?
A3: internal clock
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

The ability of the Dominions to set their own foreign policy, independent of Britain, was recognised at the 1923 Imperial Conference. Britain's request for military assistance from the Dominions at the outbreak of the Chanak Crisis the previous year had been turned down by Canada and South Africa, and Canada had refused to be bound by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. After pressure from Ireland and South Africa, the 1926 Imperial Conference issued the Balfour Declaration, declaring the Dominions to be "autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another" within a "British Commonwealth of Nations". This declaration was given legal substance under the 1931 Statute of Westminster. The parliaments of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, the Irish Free State and Newfoundland were now independent of British legislative control, they could nullify British laws and Britain could no longer pass laws for them without their consent. Newfoundland reverted to colonial status in 1933, suffering from financial difficulties during the Great Depression. Ireland distanced itself further from Britain with the introduction of a new constitution in 1937, making it a republic in all but name.

Q1: When was the right of Dominions to determine their own foreign policy recognized?
A1: 1923
Q2: Which treaty did Canada ignore?
A2: Treaty of Lausanne
Q3: When was the Balfour Declaration issued?
A3: 1926
Q4: When was the status of Dominions as equal autonomous communities given legal force?
A4: 1931
Q5: When did Ireland issue a new constitution?
A5: 1937
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a minimum capability (being Turing-complete) is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, any type of computer (netbook, supercomputer, cellular automaton, etc.) is able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity.

Q1: The ability to store and execute lists of instructions are called what?
A1: programs
Q2: The mathematical statement of computers versatility is known as what?
A2: The Church–Turing thesis
Title: Digestion
Topic: Natural sciences

The abomasum is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It is a close equivalent of a monogastric stomach (e.g., those in humans or pigs), and digesta is processed here in much the same way. It serves primarily as a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine.

Q1: What is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants?
A1: The abomasum
Q2: What is the abomasums close equivalent?
A2: a monogastric stomach
Q3: What does this site serve primarily as?
A3: a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
Q4: What happens to digesta when it moves to the small intestine?
A4: the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs
Q5: What is also digested in the small intestine?
A5: Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

The above "history of economics" reflects modern economic textbooks and this means that the last stage of a science is represented as the culmination of its history (Kuhn, 1962). The "invisible hand" mentioned in a lost page in the middle of a chapter in the middle of the to "Wealth of Nations", 1776, advances as Smith's central message.[clarification needed] It is played down that this "invisible hand" acts only "frequently" and that it is "no part of his [the individual's] intentions" because competition leads to lower prices by imitating "his" invention. That this "invisible hand" prefers "the support of domestic to foreign industry" is cleansed—often without indication that part of the citation is truncated. The opening passage of the "Wealth" containing Smith's message is never mentioned as it cannot be integrated into modern theory: "Wealth" depends on the division of labour which changes with market volume and on the proportion of productive to Unproductive labor.

Q1: When was Wealth of Nations written?
A1: 1776
Q2: How present was Smith's invisible hand intended to be?
A2: frequently
Q3: What happens in a market when there is competition?
A3: lower prices
Q4: What is the most important part of "Wealth"?
A4: the division of labour
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The above are further subdivided into 31 planes of existence.[web 4] Rebirths in some of the higher heavens, known as the Śuddhāvāsa Worlds or Pure Abodes, can be attained only by skilled Buddhist practitioners known as anāgāmis (non-returners). Rebirths in the Ārūpyadhātu (formless realms) can be attained by only those who can meditate on the arūpajhānas, the highest object of meditation.

Q1: Rebirth into the Śuddhāvāsa Worlds or Pure Abodes can only be attained by who?
A1: skilled Buddhist practitioners known as anāgāmis (non-returners)
Q2: Rebirth into the formless realms can only be attained by who?
A2: those who can meditate on the arūpajhānas, the highest object of meditation
Q3: How many planes of existence are there?
A3: 31
Q4: What are the higher heavens called?
A4: Pure Abodes
Q5: What are skilled Buddhists called?
A5: anāgāmis
Q6: What is another name for Ārūpyadhātu?
A6: formless realms
Q7: What is the highest object of meditation called?
A7: arūpajhānas
Q8: How many planes of existence?
A8: 31
Q9: Skilled buddhist practictioners that can get to the higher heavens are known as what?
A9: anāgāmis
Q10: What is the highest object of meditation?
A10: arūpajhānas
Q11: What does arupyadhatu mean?
A11: formless realms
Title: Vacuum
Topic: Natural sciences

The above explanation is merely a simple introduction to vacuum pumping, and is not representative of the entire range of pumps in use. Many variations of the positive displacement pump have been developed, and many other pump designs rely on fundamentally different principles. Momentum transfer pumps, which bear some similarities to dynamic pumps used at higher pressures, can achieve much higher quality vacuums than positive displacement pumps. Entrapment pumps can capture gases in a solid or absorbed state, often with no moving parts, no seals and no vibration. None of these pumps are universal; each type has important performance limitations. They all share a difficulty in pumping low molecular weight gases, especially hydrogen, helium, and neon.

Q1: What pump can capture gases in a solid or absorbed state?
A1: Entrapment pumps
Q2: Entrapment pumps often work without seals, moving parts and what else?
A2: no vibration.
Q3: What pump has a higher quality vacuum than a positive displacement pump?
A3: Momentum transfer pumps
Title: Elizabeth_II
Topic: History

The absence of a formal mechanism within the Conservative Party for choosing a leader meant that, following Eden's resignation, it fell to the Queen to decide whom to commission to form a government. Eden recommended that she consult Lord Salisbury, the Lord President of the Council. Lord Salisbury and Lord Kilmuir, the Lord Chancellor, consulted the British Cabinet, Winston Churchill, and the Chairman of the backbench 1922 Committee, resulting in the Queen appointing their recommended candidate: Harold Macmillan.

Q1: Who did Eden recommend that Elizabeth consult about appointing a new  Prime Minister?
A1: Lord Salisbury
Q2: What position did Lord Salisbury have in the government?
A2: Lord President of the Council
Q3: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister?
A3: Harold Macmillan
Q4: What position did Lord Kilmuir have ?
A4: Lord Chancellor
Q5: Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?
A5: British Cabinet
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

The abundant variety of natural life depicted in the Butrint mosaics celebrates the richness of God’s creation; some elements also have specific connotations. The kantharos vase and vine refer to the eucharist, the symbol of the sacrifice of Christ leading to salvation. Peacocks are symbols of paradise and resurrection; shown eating or drinking from the vase they indicate the route to eternal life. Deer or stags were commonly used as images of the faithful aspiring to Christ: "As a heart desireth the water brook, so my souls longs for thee, O God." Water-birds and fish and other sea-creatures can indicate baptism as well as the members of the Church who are christened.

Q1: What was depicted on the Butrint mosaics in abundance?
A1: natural life
Q2: What do the katharos vase and vine refer to?
A2: the eucharist
Q3: What do peacocks represent in Christian symbolism?
A3: paradise and resurrection
Q4: What do most sea-creatures represent in Christina symbolism?
A4: baptism
Q5: What did deers or stags represent in Christian Symbolism?
A5: the faithful aspiring to Christ
Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The accession of Valens gave a fresh lease of life to the Arian party. He issued a decree banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius, but who had been permitted by Jovian to return to their sees. The news created the greatest consternation in the city of Alexandria itself, and the prefect, in order to prevent a serious outbreak, gave public assurance that the very special case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor. But the saint seems to have divined what was preparing in secret against him. He quietly withdrew from Alexandria, 5 October, and took up his abode in a country house outside the city. Valens, who seems to have sincerely dreaded the possible consequences of another popular outbreak, within a few weeks issued orders allowing Athanasius to return to his episcopal see. 

Q1: What party benefited from the accession of Valens?
A1: Arian
Q2: Valens issued a decree banishing the bishops that were deposed by who?
A2: Constantius
Q3: What saint fled from Alexandria on 5 October to a country house outside Alexandria?
A3: Athanasius
Q4: Valens' banishment of Athanasius created the greatest consternation in what city?
A4: Alexandria
Q5: What did the decree of Valens do?
A5: banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius
Q6: When the people in the city were concerned about Athanasius, what did the prefect do? 
A6: case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor
Q7: What did  Athanasius do to protect himself?
A7: withdrew from Alexandria, 5 October
Q8: How did Valens get him to return?
A8: issued orders allowing Athanasius to return to his episcopal see
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

The accomplished and awarded writers (poets, novelists, dramatists, nonfiction writers) who have lived in Tucson include Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace. Some were associated with the University of Arizona, but many were independent writers who chose to make Tucson their home. The city is particularly active in publishing and presenting contemporary innovative poetry in various ways. Examples are the Chax Press, a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions, and the University of Arizona Poetry Center, which has a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops.

Q1: What famous writers have lived in Tucson?
A1: Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace
Q2: What is the Chax Press?
A2: a publisher of poetry books in trade and book arts editions
Q3: What does the University of Arizona Poetry Center offer?
A3: a sizable poetry library and presents readings, conferences, and workshops
Q4: What university were some of Tucson's famous writers associated with?
A4: University of Arizona
Title: United_States_Air_Force
Topic: Warfare

The act created the National Military Establishment (renamed Department of Defense in 1949), which was composed of three subordinate Military Departments, namely the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the newly created Department of the Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military aviation was shared between the Army (for land-based operations), the Navy (for sea-based operations from aircraft carriers and amphibious aircraft), and the Marine Corps (for close air support of infantry operations). The 1940s proved to be important in other ways as well. In 1947, Captain Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in his X-1 rocket-powered aircraft, beginning a new era of aeronautics in America.

Q1: What was the National Military Establishment renamed in 1949?
A1: Department of Defense
Q2: How many subordinate divisions did the National Military Establishment contain?
A2: three
Q3: What does the US Navy's responsibilities include?
A3: sea-based operations from aircraft carriers and amphibious aircraft
Q4: Who is in charge of closed air support of infantry operations? 
A4: Marine Corps
Q5: What American broke the sound barrier in 1947?
A5: Captain Chuck Yeager
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

The act of predation can be broken down into a maximum of four stages: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption. The relationship between predator and prey is one that is typically beneficial to the predator, and detrimental to the prey species. Sometimes, however, predation has indirect benefits to the prey species, though the individuals preyed upon themselves do not benefit. This means that, at each applicable stage, predator and prey species are in an evolutionary arms race to maximize their respective abilities to obtain food or avoid being eaten. This interaction has resulted in a vast array of adaptations in both groups.

Q1: At most there are how many step of predator-prey interaction? 
A1: maximum of four stages
Q2: What is the first step of the predator-prey interaction?
A2: Detection of prey
Q3: How does the prey improve their evolutionary abilities through predator-prey interaction? 
A3: array of adaptations
Q4: Who doesn't benefit from the predator-prey interaction? 
A4: the individuals preyed upon
Q5: How many stages can predation be divided into?
A5: maximum of four stages
Q6: What are the four stages of predation?
A6: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption
Q7: What dilemma has resulted in many predatory adaptations?
A7: obtain food or avoid being eaten
Q8: In predation's four stages, in what stage is consumption?
A8: final
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The act of using Church of Scientology techniques in a form different than originally described by Hubbard is referred to within Scientology as "squirreling" and is said by Scientologists to be high treason. The Religious Technology Center has prosecuted breakaway groups that have practiced Scientology outside the official Church without authorization.

Q1: What term is used for the act of using Church of Scientology techniques in contrast to what Hubbard envisioned?
A1: squirreling
Q2: What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission?
A2: The Religious Technology Center
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ depending on the country or jurisdiction. For instance, some political funding practices that are legal in one place may be illegal in another. In some cases, government officials have broad or ill-defined powers, which make it difficult to distinguish between legal and illegal actions. Worldwide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually. A state of unrestrained political corruption is known as a kleptocracy, literally meaning "rule by thieves".

Q1: Which crime costs over one trillion U.S. dollars every year, world-wide?
A1: bribery
Q2: What does kleptocracy mean?
A2: rule by thieves
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

The actual antenna which is transmitting the original wave then also may receive a strong signal from its own image from the ground. This will induce an additional current in the antenna element, changing the current at the feedpoint for a given feedpoint voltage. Thus the antenna's impedance, given by the ratio of feedpoint voltage to current, is altered due to the antenna's proximity to the ground. This can be quite a significant effect when the antenna is within a wavelength or two of the ground. But as the antenna height is increased, the reduced power of the reflected wave (due to the inverse square law) allows the antenna to approach its asymptotic feedpoint impedance given by theory. At lower heights, the effect on the antenna's impedance is very sensitive to the exact distance from the ground, as this affects the phase of the reflected wave relative to the currents in the antenna. Changing the antenna's height by a quarter wavelength, then changes the phase of the reflection by 180°, with a completely different effect on the antenna's impedance.

Q1: What can receive a stron signal by transmitting an original wave?
A1: actual antenna
Q2: Where will the additional current be induced?
A2: antenna element
Q3: What is altered because of the proximity to the ground?
A3: antenna's impedance
Q4: what happens to the reflected wave which allows the antenna to reach its asympotic feedpoint impedance?
A4: reduced power
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since incandescent lamps are resistive loads, simple phase-control TRIAC dimmers can be used to control brightness. Electrical contacts may carry a "T" rating symbol indicating that they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps. For a 100-watt, 120-volt general-service lamp, the current stabilizes in about 0.10 seconds, and the lamp reaches 90% of its full brightness after about 0.13 seconds.

Q1: What determines the resistance of a filament?
A1: temperature
Q2: What does a "T" rating symbol on an electrical contact mean?
A2: they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps
Q3: How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness?
A3: 0.13 seconds
Q4: How does the cold resistance of tungsten filament lamps compare to the hot resistance?
A4: The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance
Q5: What is the resistance of a typical lit 100-watt incandescent bulb?
A5: 144 ohms
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.

Q1: Reception statues are generally the same as what law?
A1: the common law of England
Q2: Who sites pre-revolution cases when discussion evolution of judge-made law? 
A2: contemporary U.S. courts
Q3: Which US State did not  enact reception statues? 
A3: Louisiana
Q4: What is the only state to not enact reception statutes?
A4: Louisiana
Q5: What do reception statutes state is the law of the state?
A5: common law of England
Q6: Some reception statutes impose what?
A6: a specific cutoff date
Q7: Modern courts often cite which period in history cases when discussing changes in law?
A7: pre-Revolution
Q8: What are reception statutes?
A8: the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state
Q9: When are reception statutes invaild?
A9: repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions
Q10: Where did the bulk of the US's starting laws come from?
A10: English law
Q11: Which is the only stste without reception statutes?
A11: Louisiana
Q12: What kind of case would a contemporary lawyer discuss when talking about an ancient judge-made common law principle?
A12: pre-Revolution