LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Rheinmetall in Germany developed an automatic 20 mm in the 1920s and Oerlikon in Switzerland had acquired the patent to an automatic 20 mm gun designed in Germany during World War I. Germany introduced the rapid-fire 2 cm FlaK 30 and later in the decade it was redesigned by Mauser-Werke and became the 2 cm FlaK 38. Nevertheless, while 20 mm was better than a machine gun and mounted on a very small trailer made it easy to move, its effectiveness was limited. Germany therefore added a 3.7 cm. The first, the 3.7 cm FlaK 18 developed by Rheinmetall in the early 1930s, was basically an enlarged 2 cm FlaK 30. It was introduced in 1935 and production stopped the following year. A redesigned gun 3.7 cm FlaK 36 entered service in 1938, it too had a two-wheel carriage. However, by the mid-1930s the Luftwaffe realised that there was still a coverage gap between 3.7 cm and 8.8 cm guns. They started development of a 5 cm gun on a four-wheel carriage.

Q1: In the 1920s, which company developed the automatic 20 mm?
A1: Rheinmetall
Q2: Which Switzerland company obtained the patent for an automatic 20 mm gun during the first World War?
A2: Oerlikon
Q3: Which company redesigned the rapid fire 2 cm FlaK 30?
A3: Mauser-Werke
Q4: What did Germany add to the 20 mm to make it more effective?
A4: a 3.7 cm
Q5: When was the first 3.7 cm FlaK 18 introduced?
A5: 1935
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Ricci v. DeStefano was heard by the United States Supreme Court in 2009. The case concerns White and Hispanic firefighters in New Haven, Connecticut, who upon passing their test for promotions to management were denied the promotions, allegedly because of a discriminatory or at least questionable test. The test gave 17 whites and two Hispanics the possibility of immediate promotion. Although 23% of those taking the test were African American, none scored high enough to qualify. Because of the possibility the tests were biased in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, no candidates were promoted pending outcome of the controversy. In a split 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court ruled that New Haven had engaged in impermissible racial discrimination against the White and Hispanic majority.

Q1: Which case concerning White and Hispanic firefighters was heard by the Supreme Court in 2009?
A1: Ricci v. DeStefano
Q2: Where was the issue of White and Hispanic firefighters heard in the case based out of?
A2: New Haven, Connecticut
Q3: How many whites were given the possibility of immediate promotion as a result of taking the controversial test?
A3: 17
Q4: What percentage of those people taking the test were African American?
A4: 23
Q5: What was the final vote count for the Supreme Court over the issue?
A5: 5-4
Title: Guinea-Bissau
Topic: Geography and places

Rice is a staple in the diet of residents near the coast and millet a staple in the interior. Fish, shellfish, fruits and vegetables are commonly eaten along with cereal grains, milk, curd and whey. The Portuguese encouraged peanut production. Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) and Macrotyloma geocarpum (Hausa groundnut) are also grown. Black-eyed peas are also part of the diet. Palm oil is harvested.

Q1: What grain is a staple for residents near the coast of Guinea-Bissau?
A1: Rice
Q2: What grain is a staple for residents in the interior of Guinea-Bissau?
A2: millet
Q3: Who encouraged peanut production in Guinea-Bissau?
A3: The Portuguese
Q4: What type of oil is harvested?
A4: Palm
Q5: What kind of pea is part of the diet in Guinea-Bissau?
A5: Black-eyed peas
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry.

Q1: Who is the most well know kef artist?
A1: Richard Hagopian
Q2: What type of music had the biggest impact on the kef of the Vosbikian Band?
A2: American Big Band Jazz
Q3: Who were some Armenian pop artists?
A3: Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian
Q4: When did Armenian pop music become popular?
A4: the 1960s and 1970s
Title: Edmund_Burke
Topic: History

Richard Hurd believed that Burke's imitation was near-perfect and that this defeated his purpose: an ironist "should take care by a constant exaggeration to make the ridicule shine through the Imitation. Whereas this Vindication is everywhere enforc'd, not only in the language, and on the principles of L. Bol., but with so apparent, or rather so real an earnestness, that half his purpose is sacrificed to the other". A minority of scholars have taken the position that, in fact, Burke did write the Vindication in earnest, later disowning it only for political reasons.

Q1: Who thought that Burke's imitation was too perfect to be effective ridicule?
A1: Richard Hurd
Q2: Why did a few scholars think Burke hadn't intended his book as a satire yet later claimed it was a satire?
A2: political reasons
Q3: Whose principles did Burke imitate?
A3: L. Bol.
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

Richard Nixon used national security as a basis for his expansion of power. He asserted, for example, that "the inherent power of the President to safeguard the security of the nation" authorized him to order a wiretap without a judge's warrant. Nixon also asserted that "executive privilege" shielded him from all legislative oversight; furthermore, he impounded federal funds (that is to say, he refused to spend money that Congress had appropriated for government programs). In the specific cases aforementioned, however, the Supreme Court ruled against Nixon. This was also because of an ongoing criminal investigation into the Watergate tapes, even though they acknowledged the general need for executive privilege. Since then, Nixon's successors have sometimes asserted that they may act in the interests of national security or that executive privilege shields them from Congressional oversight. Though such claims have in general been more limited than Nixon's, one may still conclude that the presidency's power has been greatly augmented since the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Q1: Under what basis did Richard Nixon assert an expansion of the power of the President?
A1: national security
Title: On_the_Origin_of_Species
Topic: Natural sciences

Richard Owen showed that fossils of extinct species Darwin found in South America were allied to living species on the same continent. In March 1837, ornithologist John Gould announced that Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea (though their territories overlapped), that mockingbirds collected on the Galápagos Islands represented three separate species each unique to a particular island, and that several distinct birds from those islands were all classified as finches. Darwin began speculating, in a series of notebooks, on the possibility that "one species does change into another" to explain these findings, and around July sketched a genealogical branching of a single evolutionary tree, discarding Lamarck's independent lineages progressing to higher forms. Unconventionally, Darwin asked questions of fancy pigeon and animal breeders as well as established scientists. At the zoo he had his first sight of an ape, and was profoundly impressed by how human the orangutan seemed.

Q1: Who showed that extinct South American fossils were related to living species?
A1: Richard Owen
Q2: What did John Gould announce in 1837?
A2: Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea
Q3: How many species of mockingbirds were found to be present on the Galapagos Islands?
A3: three separate species
Q4: What type of scientist was John Gould?
A4: ornithologist
Q5: Which animal did Darwin see at a zoo that made him further consider evolution?
A5: an ape
Title: Richard_Feynman
Topic: Mathematics

Richard Phillips Feynman (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.

Q1: Feynman proposed a integral model in particle physics, what was it?
A1: parton model
Q2: Who were the two men that won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Feynman?
A2: Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
Q3: In what year did Feynman win his Nobel Prize?
A3: 1965
Q4: Feynman was famous for diagrams that showed how subatomic particles behaved, what are these known as?
A4: Feynman diagrams
Q5: What honor did Feynman recieve in a 1999 poll conducted by British Journal Physics World?
A5: ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time
Title: Richard_Feynman
Topic: Mathematics

Richard Phillips Feynman was born on May 11, 1918, in Queens, New York City, the son of Lucille (née Phillips), a homemaker, and Melville Arthur Feynman, a sales manager. His family originated from Russia and Poland; both of his parents were Ashkenazi Jews. They were not religious, and by his youth Feynman described himself as an "avowed atheist". He also stated "To select, for approbation the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish heredity is to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory," and adding "... at thirteen I was not only converted to other religious views, but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way 'the chosen people'." Later in his life, during a visit to the Jewish Theological Seminary, he encountered the Talmud for the first time, and remarked that he found it a "wonderful book" and "valuable".

Q1: What was the date of Feynman's birth?
A1: May 11, 1918
Q2: In what city was Feynman born?
A2: New York City
Q3: Whats is Feynman's religious affiliation?
A3: atheist
Q4: What Jewish affiliation did his parents hold?
A4: Ashkenazi
Q5: What did Feynam think of the Talmud?
A5: "wonderful book" and "valuable"
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Richard Sander claims that by artificially elevating minority students into schools they otherwise would not be capable of attending, this discourages them and tends to engender failure and high dropout rates for these students. For example, about half of black college students rank in the bottom 20 percent of their classes, black law school graduates are four times as likely to fail bar exams as are whites, and interracial friendships are more likely to form among students with relatively similar levels of academic preparation; thus, blacks and Hispanics are more socially integrated on campuses where they are less academically mismatched. He claims that the supposed "beneficiaries" of affirmative action – minorities – do not actually benefit and rather are harmed by the policy. Sander's claims have been disputed, and his empirical analyses have been subject to substantial criticism. A group including some of the country's lead statistical methodologists told the Supreme Court that Sander's analyses were sufficiently flawed that the Court would be wise to ignore them entirely. At the same time many scholars have found that minorities gain substantially from affirmative action.

Q1: Who claims that artificially raising minority students into schools has a negative effect on them?
A1: Richard Sander
Q2: What was a negative effect of affirmative action according to Richard Sander?
A2: high dropout rates
Q3: Where do half of the black college students rank in terms of their performance relative to the rest of their class?
A3: bottom 20 percent
Q4: What is the failure rate for black law school graduates compared to whites for the bar exam?
A4: four times
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond city government consists of a city council with representatives from nine districts serving in a legislative and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large mayor serving as head of the executive branch. Citizens in each of the nine districts elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. Beginning with the November 2008 election Council terms was lengthened to 4 years. The city council elects from among its members one member to serve as Council President and one to serve as Council Vice President. The city council meets at City Hall, located at 900 E. Broad St., 2nd Floor, on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, except August.

Q1: How many representatives make up the Richmond city council?
A1: nine
Q2: What official is in charge of Richmond's executive branch?
A2: mayor
Q3: How many years does the term of a Richmond city council representative last?
A3: four
Q4: On what day of the week does the city council meet?
A4: Mondays
Q5: In what month does the city council not meet?
A5: August
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually including the site of the world's first triple railroad crossing. Tobacco warehousing and processing continued to play a role, boosted by the world's first cigarette-rolling machine, invented by James Albert Bonsack of Roanoke in 1880/81. Contributing to Richmond's resurgence was the first successful electrically powered trolley system in the United States, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway. Designed by electric power pioneer Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in 1888, and electric streetcar lines rapidly spread to other cities across the country. Sprague's system used an overhead wire and trolley pole to collect current, with electric motors on the car's trucks. In Richmond, the transition from streetcars to buses began in May 1947 and was completed on November 25, 1949.

Q1: What mode of transportation took over from the canals?
A1: railroads
Q2: What sort of railroad crossing was first built at Richmond?
A2: triple
Q3: Who was the inventor of the cigarette-rolling machine?
A3: James Albert Bonsack
Q4: From what city did James Bonsack originate?
A4: Roanoke
Q5: What was the name of the first American trolley system powered by electricity?
A5: Richmond Union Passenger Railway
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with hot and humid summers and generally cool winters. The mountains to the west act as a partial barrier to outbreaks of cold, continental air in winter; Arctic air is delayed long enough to be modified, then further warmed as it subsides in its approach to Richmond. The open waters of the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean contribute to the humid summers and mild winters. The coldest weather normally occurs from late December to early February, and the January daily mean temperature is 37.9 °F (3.3 °C), with an average of 6.0 days with highs at or below the freezing mark. Downtown areas straddle the border between USDA Hardiness zones 7B and 8A, and temperatures seldom lower to 0 °F (−18 °C), with the most recent subzero (°F) reading occurring on January 28, 2000, when the temperature reached −1 °F (−18 °C). The July daily mean temperature is 79.3 °F (26.3 °C), and high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) approximately 43 days out of the year; while 100 °F (38 °C) temperatures are not uncommon, they do not occur every year. Extremes in temperature have ranged from −12 °F (−24 °C) on January 19, 1940 up to 107 °F (42 °C) on August 6, 1918.[a]

Q1: What is Richmond's Köppen climate classification?
A1: Cfa
Q2: How could one characterize the winters in Richmond?
A2: generally cool
Q3: What geographic feature keeps some cold inland air from reaching Richmond?
A3: mountains
Q4: In what month of the year does Richmond's chilliest weather typically end?
A4: February
Q5: About how many days a year does the temperature in Richmond go above 32 degrees Celsius?
A5: 43
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond has a significant arts community, some of which is contained in formal public-supported venues, and some of which is more DIY, such as local privately owned galleries, and private music venues, nonprofit arts organizations, or organic and venueless arts movements (e.g., house shows, busking, itinerant folk shows). This has led to tensions, as the city Richmond City levied an "admissions tax" to fund large arts projects like CentreStage, leading to criticism that it is funding civic initiatives on the backs of the organic local culture. Traditional Virginian folk music, including blues, country, and bluegrass are also notably present, and play a large part in the annual Richmond Folk Festival. The following is a list of the more formal arts establishments (Companies, theaters, galleries, and other large venues) in Richmond:

Q1: What notable project was funded by Richmond's "admissions tax"?
A1: CentreStage
Q2: Along with blues and bluegrass, what is a type of folk music traditional to Virginia?
A2: country
Q3: Along with busking and itinerant folk shows, what is an example of venueless art?
A3: house shows
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond has several historic churches. Because of its early English colonial history from the early 17th century to 1776, Richmond has a number of prominent Anglican/Episcopal churches including Monumental Church, St. Paul's Episcopal Church and St. John's Episcopal Church. Methodists and Baptists made up another section of early churches, and First Baptist Church of Richmond was the first of these, established in 1780. In the Reformed church tradition, the first Presbyterian Church in the City of Richmond was First Presbyterian Church, organized on June 18, 1812. On February 5, 1845, Second Presbyterian Church of Richmond was founded, which was a historic church where Stonewall Jackson attended and was the first Gothic building and the first gas-lit church to be built in Richmond. St. Peter's Church was dedicated and became the first Catholic church in Richmond on May 25, 1834. The city is also home to the historic Cathedral of the Sacred Heart which is the motherchurch for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Richmond.

Q1: What is the oldest Presbyterian church in Richmond?
A1: First Presbyterian Church
Q2: Who was a notable congregant at Second Presbyterian Church?
A2: Stonewall Jackson
Q3: What architectural style was Second Presbyterian Church built in?
A3: Gothic
Q4: On what date did the oldest Catholic church open in Richmond?
A4: May 25, 1834
Q5: In what year was Richmond's First Baptist Church founded?
A5: 1780
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond is a major hub for intercity bus company Greyhound Lines, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard. Multiple runs per day connect directly with Washington, D.C., New York, Raleigh, and elsewhere. Direct trips to New York take approximately 7.5 hours. Discount carrier Megabus also provides curbside service from outside of Main Street Station, with fares starting at $1. Direct service is available to Washington, D.C., Hampton Roads, Charlotte, Raleigh, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. Most other connections to Megabus served cites, such as New York, can be made from Washington, D.C. Richmond, and the surrounding metropolitan area, was granted[when?] a roughly $25 million grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation to support a newly proposed Rapid Transit System, which would run along Broad Street from Willow Lawn to Rocketts Landing, in the first phase of an improved public transportation hub for the region.

Q1: What is the street address if the Greyhound bus terminal in Richmond?
A1: 2910 N Boulevard
Q2: How long does a bus trip from Richmond to New York City take?
A2: 7.5 hours
Q3: What is the lowest fare on Megabus?
A3: $1
Q4: How much did the Department of Transportation give to Richmond for its Rapid Transit System?
A4: $25 million
Q5: What city in Maryland does Megabus travel to?
A5: Baltimore
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond is also fast-becoming known for its food scene, with several restaurants in the Fan, Church Hill, Jackson Ward and elsewhere around the city generating regional and national attention for their fare. Departures magazine named Richmond "The Next Great American Food City" in August 2014. Also in 2014, Southern Living magazine named three Richmond restaurants – Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt – among its "100 Best Restaurants in the South", while Metzger Bar & Butchery made its "Best New Restaurants: 12 To Watch" list. Craft beer and liquor production is also growing in the River City, with twelve micro-breweries in city proper; the oldest is Legend Brewery, founded in 1994. Three distilleries, Reservoir Distillery, Belle Isle Craft Spirits and James River Distillery, were established in 2010, 2013 and 2014, respectively.

Q1: What periodical called Richmond "The Next Great American Food City"?
A1: Departures magazine
Q2: According to Southern Living, what are the three best restaurants in Richmond?
A2: Comfort, Heritage and The Roosevelt
Q3: How many microbreweries exist in Richmond?
A3: twelve
Q4: What was the first microbrewery to set up shop in Richmond?
A4: Legend Brewery
Q5: When was James River Distillery founded?
A5: 2014
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond is home to several notable instances of various styles of modernism. Minoru Yamasaki designed the Federal Reserve Building which dominates the downtown skyline. The architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has designed two buildings: the Library of Virginia and the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building. Philip Johnson designed the WRVA Building. The Richard Neutra-designed Rice House, a residence on a private island on the James River, remains Richmond's only true International Style home. The W.G. Harris residence in Richmond was designed by famed early modern architect and member of the Harvard Five, Landis Gores. Other notable architects to have worked in the city include Rick Mather, I.M. Pei, and Gordon Bunshaft.

Q1: Who was the designer of the Federal Reserve Building?
A1: Minoru Yamasaki
Q2: Who designed the General Assembly Offices at the Eighth and Main Building?
A2: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Q3: What architectural style was the Rice House designed in?
A3: International
Q4: What university was Landis Gores associated with?
A4: Harvard
Q5: Who did Landis Gores design a home for?
A5: W.G. Harris
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond is home to the rapidly developing Virginia BioTechnology Research Park, which opened in 1995 as an incubator facility for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Located adjacent to the Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University, the park currently[when?] has more than 575,000 square feet (53,400 m2) of research, laboratory and office space for a diverse tenant mix of companies, research institutes, government laboratories and non-profit organizations. The United Network for Organ Sharing, which maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list, occupies one building in the park. Philip Morris USA opened a $350 million research and development facility in the park in 2007. Once fully developed, park officials expect the site to employ roughly 3,000 scientists, technicians and engineers.

Q1: How many square meters of space does Virginia BioTechnology Research Park consist of?
A1: 53,400
Q2: What does the United Network for Organ Sharing do?
A2: maintains the nation's organ transplant waiting list
Q3: What was the cost of the Philip Morris R&D facility opened at the Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?
A3: $350 million
Q4: When did Philip Morris' R&D facility open?
A4: 2007
Q5: What Virginia Commonwealth University campus is near Virginia BioTechnology Research Park?
A5: Medical College of Virginia
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W﻿ / ﻿37.533°N 77.467°W﻿ / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.

Q1: How many square kilometers is Richmond?
A1: 160
Q2: How many square miles of Richmond is water?
A2: 2.7
Q3: What percentage of Richmond is made up of water?
A3: 4.3
Q4: In which of Virginia's regions is Richmond?
A4: Piedmont
Q5: Along with the James and the Chickahominy, what is a notable river in the area near Richmond?
A5: Appomattox
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond is located at the fall line of the James River, 44 miles (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 miles (106 km) east of Charlottesville, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, and encircled by Interstate 295 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast.

Q1: How many miles east of Richmond is Williamsburg?
A1: 44
Q2: How many kilometers west of Charlottesville is Richmond?
A2: 106
Q3: Leaving Washington DC, what cardinal direction would one travel to reach Richmond?
A3: south
Q4: What is Richmond's southwestern suburb?
A4: Midlothian
Q5: Where is Short Pump located in relation to Richmond?
A5: west
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tier of American soccer) and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball (an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants). The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, and currently play at City Stadium. The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15, 2010. From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the Richmond Braves, a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, until the franchise relocated to Georgia.

Q1: What sport do the Washington Redskins play?
A1: Football
Q2: What sport do the Richmond Kickers compete in?
A2: soccer
Q3: With what Major League Baseball team are the Richmond Flying Squirrels associated?
A3: San Francisco Giants
Q4: What is the home ground of the Richmond Kickers?
A4: City Stadium
Q5: Where did the Richmond Braves move to?
A5: Georgia
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) was passed at the temporary capitol in Richmond, providing the basis for the separation of church and state, a key element in the development of the freedom of religion in the United States. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, and was completed in 1788.

Q1: Who aided Jefferson in designing the Virginia State Capitol?
A1: Charles-Louis Clérisseau
Q2: In what year was the Virginia State Capitol finished?
A2: 1788
Q3: What was the capital of Virginia circa 1786?
A3: Richmond
Q4: What notable document was authored by Thomas Jefferson in 1786?
A4: Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
Q5: In what year could Richmond first be said to have recovered from the destruction of the American Revolution?
A5: 1782
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond's economy is primarily driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as notable legal and banking firms, located in the downtown area. The city is home to both the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, one of 13 United States courts of appeals, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, one of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, with others in the metropolitan area.

Q1: Along with law and finance, what is a major component of Richmond's economy?
A1: government
Q2: What circuit of the US Court of Appeals is based in Richmond?
A2: Fourth
Q3: How many circuit courts of appeal are there in the United States?
A3: 13
Q4: How many Federal Reserve Banks exist?
A4: 12
Q5: Along with MeadWestvaco, what Fortune 500 company is based in Richmond?
A5: Dominion Resources
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Richmond's original street grid, laid out in 1737, included the area between what are now Broad, 17th, and 25th Streets and the James River. Modern Downtown Richmond is located slightly farther west, on the slopes of Shockoe Hill. Nearby neighborhoods include Shockoe Bottom, the historically significant and low-lying area between Shockoe Hill and Church Hill, and Monroe Ward, which contains the Jefferson Hotel. Richmond's East End includes neighborhoods like rapidly gentrifying Church Hill, home to St. John's Church, as well as poorer areas like Fulton, Union Hill, and Fairmont, and public housing projects like Mosby Court, Whitcomb Court, Fairfield Court, and Creighton Court closer to Interstate 64.

Q1: What neighborhood is located in between Church and Shockoe Hill?
A1: Shockoe Bottom
Q2: What Richmond neighborhood is home to the Jefferson Hotel?
A2: Monroe Ward
Q3: What neighborhood of Richmond contains St. John's Church?
A3: Church Hill
Q4: What is Fairfield Court?
A4: public housing projects
Q5: In what year was the Richmond street grid first developed?
A5: 1737
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Ripple current is the AC component of an applied source (often a switched-mode power supply) whose frequency may be constant or varying. Ripple current causes heat to be generated within the capacitor due to the dielectric losses caused by the changing field strength together with the current flow across the slightly resistive supply lines or the electrolyte in the capacitor. The equivalent series resistance (ESR) is the amount of internal series resistance one would add to a perfect capacitor to model this. Some types of capacitors, primarily tantalum and aluminum electrolytic capacitors, as well as some film capacitors have a specified rating value for maximum ripple current.

Q1: What name is given to the AC component of an applied source having either constant or alternating frequency?
A1: Ripple current
Q2: What is one cause of dielectric losses in a capacitor?
A2: changing field strength
Q3: What is another cause of dielectric losses in a capacitor?
A3: current flow across the slightly resistive supply lines or the electrolyte
Q4: What is the name given to the amount of internal series resistance needed to add to an ideal capacitor model in order to represent the heat generated by dielectric losses?
A4: equivalent series resistance (ESR)
Q5: What is one type of capacitor that has a specified rating value for maximum ripple current?
A5: aluminum electrolytic capacitors
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

Roads in the US have been paved with materials that include asphalt/bitumen since at least 1870, when a street in front of the Newark, NJ City Hall was paved. In many cases, these early pavings were made from naturally occurring "bituminous rock", such as at Ritchie Mines in Macfarlan in Ritchie County, West Virginia from 1852 to 1873. In 1876, asphalt-based paving was used to pave Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, in time for the celebration of the national centennial. Asphalt/bitumen was also used for flooring, paving and waterproofing of baths and swimming pools during the early 20th century, following similar trends in Europe.

Q1: Since what date has asphalt been used for road paving in the US?
A1: 1870
Q2: In front of what NJ building was the street paved with asphalt in 1870?
A2: City Hall
Q3: What natural substance was used in early road pavings?
A3: bituminous rock
Q4: From what Virginia  mines was asphalt obtained for early street pavings?
A4: Ritchie Mines
Q5: For what purpose was asphalt used in swimming pools and baths?
A5: waterproofing
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as "political censorship" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.

Q1: Which major journalist resigned as foreign correspondent of the Times in 1988?
A1: Robert Fisk
Q2: The foreign correspondent who resigned from The Times in 1988 won how many major journalism awards?
A2: seven
Q3: The foreign correspondent for The Times who resigned in 1988, resigned for what reason?
A3: political censorship
Q4: What stance did The Times take that cause a famous foreign correspondent to resign in 1988?
A4: pro-Israel stance
Q5: What airplane was shot down in July 1988 that a famous foreign correspondent from The Times wrote an article about that later lead to his resignation?
A5: Iran Air Flight 655
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation between politics and religion in the United States. His 1967 article analyzes the inaugural speech of John F. Kennedy: "Considering the separation of church and state, how is a president justified in using the word 'God' at all? The answer is that the separation of church and state has not denied the political realm a religious dimension."

Q1: What does Bellah say the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in?
A1: constitution of the United States
Q2: What does Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe?
A2: the specific relation between politics and religion
Q3: Whose speech does Bellah's 1967 article analyze?
A3: John F. Kennedy
Q4: What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to use?
A4: God
Q5: What has the separation of church and state failed to deny the political realm of?
A5: a religious dimension
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven perspective but developed the "wheel of emotions", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation. Some basic emotions can be modified to form complex emotions. The complex emotions could arise from cultural conditioning or association combined with the basic emotions. Alternatively, similar to the way primary colors combine, primary emotions could blend to form the full spectrum of human emotional experience. For example, interpersonal anger and disgust could blend to form contempt. Relationships exist between basic emotions, resulting in positive or negative influences.

Q1: What is the name of the theory Plutchik created?
A1: wheel of emotions
Q2: How many main emotions exist in Plutchik's theory?
A2: eight
Q3: In Plutchik's theory, what emotion is the opposite of anticipation?
A3: surprise
Q4: What emotion can be perceived as a combination of disgust and anger?
A4: contempt
Q5: What does Plutchik see as the positive equivalent of disgust?
A5: trust
Title: Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said that the freedom of conscience and assembly allowed under such a system has led to a "remarkable religiosity" in the United States that isn't present in other industrialized nations. Wood believes that the U.S. operates on "a sort of civic religion," which includes a generally-shared belief in a creator who "expects better of us." Beyond that, individuals are free to decide how they want to believe and fill in their own creeds and express their conscience. He calls this approach the "genius of religious sentiment in the United States."

Q1: Who has argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing?
A1: Robert S. Wood
Q2: What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of religions to do?
A2: flourish
Q3: Where is the Center for New Religions located?
A3: Toronto
Q4: What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on?
A4: a sort of civic religion
Q5: What does Wood call the approach of allowing individuals the freedom to decide what they want to believe?
A5: genius of religious sentiment in the United States
Title: Quran
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Robert of Ketton's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, was the first into a Western language (Latin). Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer. In 1734, George Sale produced the first scholarly translation of the Quran into English; another was produced by Richard Bell in 1937, and yet another by Arthur John Arberry in 1955. All these translators were non-Muslims. There have been numerous translations by Muslims. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has published translations of the Quran in 50 different languages besides a five-volume English commentary and an English translation of the Quran.

Q1: In which year was the Quran first translated into a Western language?
A1: 1143
Q2: Who completed the first Latin version of the Quran?
A2: Robert of Ketton
Q3: Whose French translation of the Quran was the model for the first English version?
A3: Andre du Ryer
Q4: Which organization offers versions of the Quran in 50 languages?
A4: Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
Q5: In which language was Alexander Ross' version of the Quran published in 1649?
A5: English
Title: Wayback_Machine
Topic: Engineering and technology

Robots.txt is used as part of the Robots Exclusion Standard, a voluntary protocol the Internet Archive respects that disallows bots from indexing certain pages delineated by its creator as off-limits. As a result, the Internet Archive has rendered unavailable a number of web sites that now are inaccessible through the Wayback Machine. Currently, the Internet Archive applies robots.txt rules retroactively; if a site blocks the Internet Archive, such as Healthcare Advocates, any previously archived pages from the domain are rendered unavailable as well. In cases of blocked sites, only the robots.txt file is archived.

Q1: What kind of protocol is the Robots Exclusion Standard?
A1: voluntary
Q2: What file is utilized to exercise the rights promoted by the Robots Exclusion Standard?
A2: Robots.txt
Q3: If a site prevents Internet Archive from recording it, what file is still saved?
A3: Robots.txt
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Rocket-propelled grenades can be—and often are—used against hovering helicopters (e.g., by Somali militiamen during the Battle of Mogadishu (1993)). Firing an RPG at steep angles poses a danger to the user, because the backblast from firing reflects off the ground. In Somalia, militia members sometimes welded a steel plate in the exhaust end of an RPG's tube to deflect pressure away from the shooter when shooting up at US helicopters. RPGs are used in this role only when more effective weapons are not available.

Q1: What type of weapon can be used against hovering helicopters?
A1: Rocket-propelled grenades
Q2: When an RPG is fired at a steep angle, who is in danger?
A2: the user
Q3: An RPG fired at a steep angle has what reflecting off the ground?
A3: the backblast
Q4: What did some militia members in Somalia weld in the exhaust of the RPG tube to protect the shooter?
A4: a steel plate
Q5: What were the Somalian militia members firing RPGs at?
A5: US helicopters
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrived from Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on. By 1627, there were about a hundred local converts in the Guge kingdom. Later on, Christianity was introduced to Rudok, Ladakh and Tsang and was welcomed by the ruler of the Tsang kingdom, where Andrade and his fellows established a Jesuit outpost at Shigatse in 1626.

Q1: When did Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrive in Tibet from Europe?
A1: 17th and 18th centuries
Q2: When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet?
A2: 1624
Q3: When was Christianity introduced to Rudok, Ladakh, and Tsang?
A3: 1626
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

Roman Catholic and more traditional Protestant clergy wear green vestments at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary Time. In the Eastern Catholic Church, green is the color of Pentecost. Green is one of the Christmas colors as well, possibly dating back to pre-Christian times, when evergreens were worshiped for their ability to maintain their color through the winter season. Romans used green holly and evergreen as decorations for their winter solstice celebration called Saturnalia, which eventually evolved into a Christmas celebration. In Ireland and Scotland especially, green is used to represent Catholics, while orange is used to represent Protestantism. This is shown on the national flag of Ireland.

Q1: What color vestments do Roman Catholic and traditional Protestant clergy wear at liturgical celebrations during Ordinary time?
A1: green
Q2: What is green the color of in the Eastern Catholic Church?
A2: Pentecost
Q3: What was worshipped for their ability to maintain their color through the winter season?
A3: evergreens
Q4: What did Romans use as decorations for their winter solstice celebration called Saturnalia?
A4: green holly and evergreen
Q5: What does green represent in Ireland and Scotland?
A5: Catholics
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

Q1: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
A1: 1517
Q2: During what years was the thirty year war?
A2: 1618–1648
Q3: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?
A3: Roman Catholicism
Q4: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?
A4: Germany
Q5: Who was the thirty year war between?
A5: Protestants and Catholics
Title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin. The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church has a liturgical feast by that name, kept on December 8. Orthodox Christians reject the Immaculate Conception dogma principally because their understanding of ancestral sin (the Greek term corresponding to the Latin "original sin") differs from the Augustinian interpretation and that of the Roman Catholic Church.

Q1: On what date is the feast of the Immaculate Conception in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church?
A1: December 8
Q2: Which pope proclaimed the Immaculate Conception of Mary?
A2: Pope Pius IX
Q3: In what year did Pope Pius IX make his Ex Cathedra proclamation of the Immaculate Conception of Mary?
A3: 1854
Q4: According to the doctrine of Immaculate Conception, where was Mary when she first become filled with grace?
A4: in her mother's womb
Q5: What is the Greek term that means the same thing as "original sin?"
A5: ancestral sin
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votive deposits to the noble dead of Latium and Rome suggest elaborate and costly funeral offerings and banquets in the company of the deceased, an expectation of afterlife and their association with the gods. As Roman society developed, its Republican nobility tended to invest less in spectacular funerals and extravagant housing for their dead, and more on monumental endowments to the community, such as the donation of a temple or public building whose donor was commemorated by his statue and inscribed name. Persons of low or negligible status might receive simple burial, with such grave goods as relatives could afford.

Q1: From what source does information of Roman thought about the afterlife come?
A1: educated elite
Q2: What type of practices were those affecting the care of the dead?
A2: archaic
Q3: What did the ancient Romans expect after death?
A3: afterlife
Q4: With whom did the  early Romans expect to associate?
A4: gods
Q5: What did later Romans invest in rather than grave offerings?
A5: monumental endowments