LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Amasya. The Sultanate of women (1648–1656) was a period in which the mothers of young sultans exercised power on behalf of their sons. The most prominent women of this period were Kösem Sultan and her daughter-in-law Turhan Hatice, whose political rivalry culminated in Kösem's murder in 1651. During the Köprülü Era (1656–1703), effective control of the Empire was exercised by a sequence of Grand Viziers from the Köprülü family. The Köprülü Vizierate saw renewed military success with authority restored in Transylvania, the conquest of Crete completed in 1669, and expansion into Polish southern Ukraine, with the strongholds of Khotyn and Kamianets-Podilskyi and the territory of Podolia ceding to Ottoman control in 1676.

Q1: Who recaptured Iraq in 1639?
A1: Murad IV
Q2: Who had control over Iraq before it was recaptured in 1639?
A2: the Safavids
Q3: When was Kösem murdered?
A3: 1651
Q4: What years define the Köprülü Era?
A4: 1656–1703
Q5: What territory was conquered by the Köprülü Vizierate in 1669?
A5: Crete
Title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger
Topic: Media and drama

During his initial campaign for governor, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger, dubbed "Gropegate". Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting allegations of sexual misconduct from several individual women, six of whom eventually came forward with their personal stories.

Q1: What was the controversy around Schwarzenegger's first gubernatorial campaign nicknamed?
A1: Gropegate
Q2: How many women spoke out publicly about misconduct on Schwarzenegger's part?
A2: six
Q3: Which newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's alleged sexual misconduct?
A3: Los Angeles Times
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

During his life and especially in the first year after his death, several places were named after Tito. Several of these places have since returned to their original names, such as Podgorica, formerly Titograd (though Podgorica's international airport is still identified by the code TGD), and Užice, formerly Titovo Užice, which reverted to its original name in 1992. Streets in Belgrade, the capital, have all reverted to their original pre–World War II and pre-communist names as well. In 2004, Antun Augustinčić's statue of Broz in his birthplace of Kumrovec was decapitated in an explosion. It was subsequently repaired. Twice in 2008, protests took place in Zagreb's Marshal Tito Square, organized by a group called Circle for the Square (Krug za Trg), with an aim to force the city government to rename it to its previous name, while a counter-protest by Citizens' Initiative Against Ustašism (Građanska inicijativa protiv ustaštva) accused the "Circle for the Square" of historical revisionism and neo-fascism. Croatian president Stjepan Mesić criticized the demonstration to change the name. In the Croatian coastal city of Opatija the main street (also its longest street) still bears the name of Marshal Tito, as do streets in numerous towns in Serbia, mostly in the country's north. One of the main streets in downtown Sarajevo is called Marshal Tito Street, and Tito's statue in a park in front of the university campus (ex. JNA barrack "Maršal Tito") in Marijin Dvor is a place where Bosnians and Sarajevans still today commemorate and pay tribute to Tito (image on the right). The largest Tito monument in the world, about 10 m (33 ft) high, is located at Tito Square (Slovene: Titov trg), the central square in Velenje, Slovenia. One of the main bridges in Slovenia's second largest city of Maribor is Tito Bridge (Titov most). The central square in Koper, the largest Slovenian port city, is as well named Tito Square.

Q1: What name was changed to Titograd?
A1: Podgorica
Q2: When did Uziece revert to its original name?
A2: 1992
Q3: Where is the birthplace of Antun Augustincic?
A3: Kumrovec
Q4: What country is Stejpan Mesic president of?
A4: Croatian
Q5: Where is the largest Tito monument located?
A5: Slovenia
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

During his period in Milan, Montini was known as a progressive member of the Catholic hierarchy. Montini went new ways in pastoral care, which he reformed. He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957. More than 500 priests and many bishops, cardinals and lay persons delivered 7,000 sermons in the period not only in churches but in factories, meeting halls, houses, courtyards, schools, offices, military barracks, hospitals, hotels and other places, where people meet. His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion. "If only we can say Our Father and know what this means, then we would understand the Christian faith."

Q1: What type of political viewpoint was Montini known for as a member of the Catholic leadership?
A1: progressive
Q2: What part of Catholic ministry did Montini seek to reform?
A2: pastoral care
Q3: What type of media did Montini use to advertise the church's sermons to the people of Milan?
A3: posters
Q4: How many "voices" did Montini's posters claim the people of Milan would hear?
A4: 1,000
Q5: From the 10 of NOvember to the 24 of November how many sermons were actually delivered to the Italian people?
A5: 7,000
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Gaul (current southern France) and Illyria (part of the modern Balkans). Not content with an idle governorship, Caesar strove to find reason to invade Gaul (modern France and Belgium), which would give him the dramatic military success he sought. When two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, Caesar had the barely sufficient excuse he needed for his Gallic Wars, fought between 58 BC and 49 BC.

Q1: Who held  a term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula?
A1: Julius Caesar
Q2: Why did Julius Caesar wish to invade Gaul?
A2: would give him the dramatic military success he sought
Q3: When did Julius Caesar's term as consul end?
A3: 59 BC
Q4: What military leader was Julius Caesar a contemporary of?
A4: Pompey
Q5: What was the reasoning Julius Caesar used to start the Gallic Wars?
A5: two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

During his time as an American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, publisher of the old English proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting that Parisians economize on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. This 1784 satire proposed taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells and firing cannons at sunrise. Despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST; 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this soon changed as rail and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklin's day.

Q1: Who first published the proverb about waking up early and going to bed early to be "healthy, wealthy, and wise"?
A1: Benjamin Franklin
Q2: Which group of people did Franklin say would save candles by waking up earlier?
A2: Parisians
Q3: In what year did Ben Franklin write a satire suggesting firing cannons at sunrise to wake people up?
A3: 1784
Q4: What kind of transportation network helped encourage keeping more exact schedules?
A4: rail
Q5: In addition to cannon fire, what did Franklin suggest to act as Parisians' alarm clock?
A5: ringing church bells
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

During his tour on the guided missile frigate USS Gridley, Kerry requested duty in South Vietnam, listing as his first preference a position as the commander of a Fast Patrol Craft (PCF), also known as a "Swift boat." These 50-foot (15 m) boats have aluminum hulls and have little or no armor, but are heavily armed and rely on speed. "I didn't really want to get involved in the war", Kerry said in a book of Vietnam reminiscences published in 1986. "When I signed up for the swift boats, they had very little to do with the war. They were engaged in coastal patrolling and that's what I thought I was going to be doing." However, his second choice of billet was on a river patrol boat, or "PBR", which at the time was serving a more dangerous duty on the rivers of Vietnam.

Q1: When did Kerry publish his memories of Vietnam?
A1: 1986
Q2: What kind of ship was the USS Gridley?
A2: guided missile frigate
Q3: What was the formal name of 'swift boats'?
A3: Fast Patrol Craft
Q4: How long were swift boats?
A4: 50-foot
Q5: What had Kerry expected the 'swift boats' to do?
A5: coastal patrolling
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would "sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric" when receiving religious instructions from him.

Q1: When did Deshin Shekpa travels start?
A1: 1403
Q2: Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the Karmapa?
A2: Nanjing
Q3: Who did the Emperor give the place of honor at his left to?
A3: the Karmapa
Q4: Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric?
A4: Kublai
Q5: Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa?
A5: the Yongle Emperor
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century, with numerous trading stations established, especially in the North. In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand. On 6 February 1840, Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand's founding document, but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute.

Q1: When was New Zealand discovered by the Dutch?
A1: 1642
Q2: Who discovered New Zealand for the Dutch?
A2: Abel Tasman
Q3: When did Cook visit New Zealand and claim the North Island?
A3: 1769
Q4: What is New Zealand's native population called?
A4: Māori
Q5: Who signed a treaty with the Maori?
A5: Captain William Hobson
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

During his world tour of 1910–11, Bell and Baldwin met with Forlanini in France. They had rides in the Forlanini hydrofoil boat over Lake Maggiore. Baldwin described it as being as smooth as flying. On returning to Baddeck, a number of initial concepts were built as experimental models, including the Dhonnas Beag, the first self-propelled Bell-Baldwin hydrofoil. The experimental boats were essentially proof-of-concept prototypes that culminated in the more substantial HD-4, powered by Renault engines. A top speed of 54 miles per hour (87 km/h) was achieved, with the hydrofoil exhibiting rapid acceleration, good stability and steering along with the ability to take waves without difficulty. In 1913, Dr. Bell hired Walter Pinaud, a Sydney yacht designer and builder as well as the proprietor of Pinaud's Yacht Yard in Westmount, Nova Scotia to work on the pontoons of the HD-4. Pinaud soon took over the boatyard at Bell Laboratories on Beinn Bhreagh, Bell's estate near Baddeck, Nova Scotia. Pinaud's experience in boat-building enabled him to make useful design changes to the HD-4. After the First World War, work began again on the HD-4. Bell's report to the U.S. Navy permitted him to obtain two 350 horsepower (260 kilowatts) engines in July 1919. On September 9, 1919, the HD-4 set a world marine speed record of 70.86 miles per hour (114.04 kilometres per hour), a record which stood for ten years.

Q1: In what country did Baldwin and Forlanini get together?
A1: France
Q2: What did Baldwin liken the hydrofoil boat to?
A2: flying
Q3: Which boat was first powered by a Renault engine?
A3: HD-4
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

During installation, an iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. A user can access, play, and add music on a second computer if an iPod is set to manual and not automatic sync, but anything added or edited will be reversed upon connecting and syncing with the main computer and its library. If a user wishes to automatically sync music with another computer, an iPod's library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other computer's library.

Q1: How many hosts are recognized by an iPod the first time they're used?
A1: one
Q2: What will be erased if an iPod is set to sync with a different computer?
A2: library
Q3: What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?
A3: host computer
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the official spelling. Technical documents and brochures produced by MCA Disco-Vision during the early and mid-'70s also used the term "Disco-Vision Records" to refer to the pressed discs. MCA owned the rights to the largest catalog of films in the world during this time, and they manufactured and distributed the DiscoVision releases of those films under the "MCA DiscoVision" software and manufacturing label; consumer sale of those titles began on December 15, 1978, with the aforementioned Jaws.

Q1: Which three names did MCA use for LaserDisc technology during its development?
A1: Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc"
Q2: To what did MCA change the name to in 1969?
A2: Disco-Vision
Q3: When did MCA remove the hyphen from the name Disco-Vision?
A3: 1978
Q4: Which company owned the rights to the world's largest collection of films during the 1970s?
A4: MCA
Q5: Consumer sales of MCA films began in 1978 with what movie?
A5: Jaws
Title: Madrasa
Topic: Language and literature

During its formative period, the term madrasah referred to a higher education institution, whose curriculum initially included only the "religious sciences", whilst philosophy and the secular sciences were often excluded. The curriculum slowly began to diversify, with many later madaris teaching both the religious and the "secular sciences", such as logic, mathematics and philosophy. Some madaris further extended their curriculum to history, politics, ethics, music, metaphysics, medicine, astronomy and chemistry. The curriculum of a madrasah was usually set by its founder, but most generally taught both the religious sciences and the physical sciences. Madaris were established throughout the Islamic world, examples being the 9th century University of al-Qarawiyyin, the 10th century al-Azhar University (the most famous), the 11th century Niẓāmīyah, as well as 75 madaris in Cairo, 51 in Damascus and up to 44 in Aleppo between 1155 and 1260. Many more were also established in the Andalusian cities of Córdoba, Seville, Toledo, Granada (Madrasah of Granada), Murcia, Almería, Valencia and Cádiz during the Caliphate of Córdoba.

Q1: What discipline was studied in traditional madrasah?
A1: religious sciences
Q2: What was traditionally left out of the madrasah curriculum?
A2: philosophy and the secular sciences
Q3: Who decided the content that would be delivered in a particular madrasah?
A3: its founder
Q4: What is the most widely known madrasah?
A4: al-Azhar University
Q5: How many madaris have been founded in Cairo?
A5: 75
Title: Neolithic
Topic: History

During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic societies formed complex stratified chiefdoms or even states, states evolved in Eurasia only with the rise of metallurgy, and most Neolithic societies on the whole were relatively simple and egalitarian. Beyond Eurasia, however, states were formed during the local Neolithic in three areas, namely in the Preceramic Andes with the Norte Chico Civilization, Formative Mesoamerica and Ancient Hawaiʻi. However, most Neolithic societies were noticeably more hierarchical than the Paleolithic cultures that preceded them and hunter-gatherer cultures in general.

Q1: What social groups were formed during the Neolithic age of Eurasia?
A1: small tribes
Q2: What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Bronze Age?
A2: social stratification
Q3: What type of cultures preceded Neolithic societies?
A3: Paleolithic cultures
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

During most of the war, the UN navies patrolled the west and east coasts of North Korea, sinking supply and ammunition ships and denying the North Koreans the ability to resupply from the sea. Aside from very occasional gunfire from North Korean shore batteries, the main threat to United States and UN navy ships was from magnetic mines. During the war, five U.S. Navy ships were lost to mines: two minesweepers, two minesweeper escorts, and one ocean tug. Mines and gunfire from North Korean coastal artillery damaged another 87 U.S. warships, resulting in slight to moderate damage.

Q1: What type of ships did the US spend most of its time sinking?
A1: supply and ammunition ships
Q2: What weapon posed a significant threat to US navy ships?
A2: magnetic mines
Q3: How many US warships were damaged by gun fire and mines?
A3: 87
Q4: Where were the majority of US naval patrols of Korea?
A4: the west and east coasts of North Korea
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language has often been degraded as a mere dialect of Spanish. This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound systems, lexicon, and grammatical features, placing the language in a number of respects closer to Occitan (and French). 

Q1: What has Catalan often been considered?
A1: dialect of Spanish
Q2: During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect?
A2: Francoist
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

During mutualistic symbioses, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients, which are provided by the endosymbiont. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensuring that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity).

Q1: What is given to the host cell?
A1: nutrients
Q2: What does the host make that affect its genes?
A2: specialized cells
Q3: In what manner are the described genetic alternations given to future generations?
A3: vertical transmission
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

During ordinary operation, the tungsten of the filament evaporates; hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster. Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity. The trade-off is typically set to provide a lifetime of several hundred to 2,000 hours for lamps used for general illumination. Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps may have a useful life of only a few hours, trading life expectancy for high output in a compact form. Long-life general service lamps have lower efficiency but are used where the cost of changing the lamp is high compared to the value of energy used.

Q1: What determines how fast a tungsten filament evaporates?
A1: hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster
Q2: What is the typical goal for the life of a tungsten filament bulb?
A2: several hundred to 2,000 hours
Q3: Which types of lamps may have particularly short lives?
A3: Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps
Q4: What is the typical tradeoff in light bulb design?
A4: efficiency and longevity
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

During periods of unemployment, there has been a long pattern of emigration from the island since the post-Napoleonic period. The majority of "Saints" emigrated to the UK, South Africa and in the early years, Australia. The population has steadily declined since the late 1980s and has dropped from 5,157 at the 1998 census to 4,255 in 2008. In the past emigration was characterised by young unaccompanied persons leaving to work on long-term contracts on Ascension and the Falkland Islands, but since "Saints" were re-awarded UK citizenship in 2002, emigration to the UK by a wider range of wage-earners has accelerated due to the prospect of higher wages and better progression prospects.

Q1: What was there a long pattern of from the island starting during the post Napoleonic period?
A1: emigration
Q2: When did the population of the island start to steadily decline?
A2: late 1980s
Q3: What was a big factor in emmigration to the UK?
A3: prospect of higher wages
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

During regular, day-to-day activities, Somali women usually wear the guntiino, a long stretch of cloth tied over the shoulder and draped around the waist. It is usually made out of alandi, which is a textile common in the Horn region and some parts of North Africa. The garment can be worn in different styles. It can also be made with other fabrics, including white cloth with gold borders. For more formal settings, such as at weddings or religious celebrations like Eid, women wear the dirac. It is a long, light, diaphanous voile dress made of silk, chiffon, taffeta or saree fabric. The gown is worn over a full-length half-slip and a brassiere. Known as the gorgorad, the underskirt is made out of silk and serves as a key part of the overall outfit. The dirac is usually sparkly and very colorful, the most popular styles being those with gilded borders or threads. The fabric is typically acquired from Somali clothing stores in tandem with the gorgorad. In the past, dirac fabric was also frequently purchased from South Asian merchandisers.

Q1: What is the regular garment of Somali women?
A1: the guntiino
Q2: What is the guntiino normally made from?
A2: alandi
Q3: What is the usual formal attire for Somali women?
A3: the dirac
Q4: Along with silk, saree fabric or chiffon, what might the dirac be made out of?
A4: taffeta
Q5: What is the underskirt of the dirac called?
A5: the gorgorad
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century. The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century.

Q1: When did Catalan rulers broaden their territory to north of the Ebro River?
A1: 11th and 12th centuries
Q2: When did the Catalan rulers take over Valencia and the Balearic Islands?
A2: 13th century
Q3: When Catalan reach Sardinia?
A3: 14th century
Q4: Where did the Catalan language reach in the 15th century?
A4: Murcia
Q5: When did Murcia become Spanish speaking?
A5: 15th century
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

During the 11th century, developments in philosophy and theology led to increased intellectual activity. There was debate between the realists and the nominalists over the concept of "universals". Philosophical discourse was stimulated by the rediscovery of Aristotle and his emphasis on empiricism and rationalism. Scholars such as Peter Abelard (d. 1142) and Peter Lombard (d. 1164) introduced Aristotelian logic into theology. In the late 11th and early 12th centuries cathedral schools spread throughout Western Europe, signalling the shift of learning from monasteries to cathedrals and towns. Cathedral schools were in turn replaced by the universities established in major European cities. Philosophy and theology fused in scholasticism, an attempt by 12th- and 13th-century scholars to reconcile authoritative texts, most notably Aristotle and the Bible. This movement tried to employ a systemic approach to truth and reason and culminated in the thought of Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274), who wrote the Summa Theologica, or Summary of Theology.

Q1: What group opposed the nominalists on the subject of universals?
A1: realists
Q2: What ancient philosopher was rediscovered, leading to a revival of philosophy?
A2: Aristotle
Q3: When did Peter Lombard die?
A3: 1164
Q4: What was the name of the school of thought that combined theology and philosophy?
A4: scholasticism
Q5: Who authored the Summa Theologica?
A5: Thomas Aquinas
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

During the 12th century, the institutions of central government, which had hitherto accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country, grew in size and sophistication and became increasingly fixed in one place. In most cases this was Westminster, although the royal treasury, having been moved from Winchester, came to rest in the Tower. While the City of Westminster developed into a true capital in governmental terms, its distinct neighbour, the City of London, remained England's largest city and principal commercial centre, and it flourished under its own unique administration, the Corporation of London. In 1100, its population was around 18,000; by 1300 it had grown to nearly 100,000.

Q1: What was the administration which governed the City of London called?
A1: the Corporation of London
Q2: In the 12th century, where were the various bodies of English government centrally located for the most part?
A2: Westminster
Q3: Where was the royal treasury housed?
A3: the Tower
Q4: Before being centrally located, how was the English government handled in terms of location?
A4: accompanied the royal English court as it moved around the country
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the southern part of the state, in a region known as Aridoamerica, Chichimeca people survived by hunting, gathering, and farming between AD 300 and 1300. The Chichimeca are the ancestors of the Tepehuan people.

Q1: What was the name of the nomad tribes that hunted bison?
A1: Jornado
Q2: Along which river did they hunt bison?
A2: Rio Grande
Q3: How did the Chichimeca survive?
A3: hunting, gathering, and farming
Q4: The Chichimeca are the ancestors of what people?
A4: Tepehuan
Q5: The Jornado painted onto what surface?
A5: rock
Title: Central_African_Republic
Topic: Geography and places

During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes. Their captives were slaved and shipped to the Mediterranean coast, Europe, Arabia, the Western Hemisphere, or to the slave ports and factories along the West and North Africa or South the Ubanqui and Congo rivers. In the mid 19th century, the Bobangi people became major slave traders and sold their captives to the Americas using the Ubangi river to reach the coast. During the 18th century Bandia-Nzakara peoples established the Bangassou Kingdom along the Ubangi River.

Q1: When did the slave trade hit the CAR region?
A1: 16th and 17th centuries
Q2: What is one area where captive slaves were sent?
A2: Europe
Q3: Which people were major slave traders in the 19th century?
A3: Bobangi people
Q4: Who did the Bobangi sell slave to?
A4: the Americas
Q5: What river saw the establishment of a new Kingdom?
A5: Ubangi River
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.[dn 4]

Q1: Under the reign of who did the Ottoman empire control much of Southeastern Europe?
A1: Suleiman the Magnificent
Q2: During what centuries was the Ottoman empire in control of much of Southeast Europe?
A2: 16th and 17th centuries
Q3: How many provinces did the Ottoman empire control at the start of the 17th century?
A3: 32 provinces
Q4: Along with provinces what type of states did the Ottoman empire have control over?
A4: vassal states
Q5: What regions of Africa were under control of the Ottoman empire?
A5: North Africa, and the Horn of Africa
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

During the 16th century locally produced wool was the major export commodity. Plymouth was the home port for successful maritime traders, among them Sir John Hawkins, who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Sir Francis Drake, Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593. According to legend, Drake insisted on completing his game of bowls on the Hoe before engaging the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers set sail for the New World from Plymouth, establishing Plymouth Colony – the second English colony in what is now the United States of America.

Q1: What notable slave trader was based out of Plymouth?
A1: Sir John Hawkins
Q2: Who served as Plymouth's mayor in 1593?
A2: Sir Francis Drake
Q3: In what year did Drake battle the Spanish Armada?
A3: 1588
Q4: When did the Pilgrim Fathers depart Plymouth?
A4: 1620
Q5: What was the name of the settlement founded by the Pilgrim Fathers?
A5: Plymouth Colony
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

During the 1760s and early 1770s, relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain became increasingly strained, primarily because of resentment of the British Parliament's attempts to govern and tax American colonists without their consent. This was summarised at the time by the slogan "No taxation without representation", a perceived violation of the guaranteed Rights of Englishmen. The American Revolution began with rejection of Parliamentary authority and moves towards self-government. In response Britain sent troops to reimpose direct rule, leading to the outbreak of war in 1775. The following year, in 1776, the United States declared independence. The entry of France to the war in 1778 tipped the military balance in the Americans' favour and after a decisive defeat at Yorktown in 1781, Britain began negotiating peace terms. American independence was acknowledged at the Peace of Paris in 1783.

Q1: British relations with which area became strained in the 1760s-1770s?
A1: the Thirteen Colonies
Q2: What was the American colonists' anti-tax slogan?
A2: "No taxation without representation"
Q3: When did the US declare independence?
A3: 1776
Q4: When did France enter the American Revolution war?
A4: 1778
Q5: When did Britain recognize American independence?
A5: 1783
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

During the 1800s Christian missionaries from Great Britain and the United States followed traders to the Hawaiian islands. Long-termly, the Anglo-Saxon presence negatively impacted the level of regard Hawaiian royal women held for their own indigenous looks. For centuries prior the arrival of Christians, first nation Hawaiian aesthetics, such as dark skin and ample bodies, had been considered signs of nobility. No matter how much they adapted their mannerisms to Western standard, some of the Anglo-Saxon missionaries were relentless in referring to the indigenous women as "Hawaiian squaws." By the last half of the 19th century, some Hawaiian women began marrying European men who found them exotic. The men, however, selected Hawaiian women who were thinner and paler in complexion.

Q1: Who brought Christian missionaries to Hawaii?
A1: traders
Q2: What cause royal Hawaiian females to find themselves ugly?
A2: the Anglo-Saxon presence
Q3: What are some examples of how a noble person should look before Christians came?
A3: dark skin and ample bodies
Q4: What did westerners call the women of Hawaii?
A4: Hawaiian squaws
Q5: When would white men marry the paler and thinner Hawaiian ladies?
A5: By the last half of the 19th century
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

During the 1890s, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, commonly known as Dashnaktsutyun, became active within the Ottoman Empire with the aim of unifying the various small groups in the empire that were advocating for reform and defending Armenian villages from massacres that were widespread in some of the Armenian-populated areas of the empire. Dashnaktsutyun members also formed fedayi groups that defended Armenian civilians through armed resistance. The Dashnaks also worked for the wider goal of creating a "free, independent and unified" Armenia, although they sometimes set aside this goal in favor of a more realistic approach, such as advocating autonomy.

Q1: What is another name for the Armenian Revolutionary Federation?
A1: Dashnaktsutyun
Q2: What was the Dashnaks objective?
A2: creating a "free, independent and unified" Armenia
Q3: When did the Dashnaktsutyun originate?
A3: 1890s
Q4: Which Dashnak groups helped protect Armenian citizens?
A4: fedayi
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

During the 18th and 19th centuries, federal law traditionally focused on areas where there was an express grant of power to the federal government in the federal Constitution, like the military, money, foreign relations (especially international treaties), tariffs, intellectual property (specifically patents and copyrights), and mail. Since the start of the 20th century, broad interpretations of the Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution have enabled federal law to expand into areas like aviation, telecommunications, railroads, pharmaceuticals, antitrust, and trademarks. In some areas, like aviation and railroads, the federal government has developed a comprehensive scheme that preempts virtually all state law, while in others, like family law, a relatively small number of federal statutes (generally covering interstate and international situations) interacts with a much larger body of state law. In areas like antitrust, trademark, and employment law, there are powerful laws at both the federal and state levels that coexist with each other. In a handful of areas like insurance, Congress has enacted laws expressly refusing to regulate them as long as the states have laws regulating them (see, e.g., the McCarran-Ferguson Act).

Q1: What areas of the Constitution deal with issuses such as aviation, railroads, and trademarks?
A1: Commerce and Spending Clauses
Q2: In areas of law such as insurance, there are laws refusing to regulate them as long as states have laws doing what?
A2: regulating them
Q3: What type of property are trademarks and copyrights?
A3: intellectual property
Q4: What governs things such as military, money, foreign relations, etc.?
A4: federal law
Q5: What enabled federal law to begin expanding into other areas such as avaition, telecommunications, railroads, etc.?
A5: Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution
Q6: When did the Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution allow federal power to begin expanding?
A6: start of the 20th century
Q7: What is a law enacted by Congress that states that it refuses to regulate some industries as long as the states have regulations in place already?
A7: McCarran-Ferguson Act
Q8: What happens when both the federal and state governments have regulations that overlap?
A8: coexist with each other
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters. The choice and sequence of the characters may be artificial in keys designed purely for identification (diagnostic keys) or more closely related to the natural or phyletic order of the taxa in synoptic keys. By the 18th century, new plants for study were arriving in Europe in increasing numbers from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide. In 1753 Carl von Linné (Carl Linnaeus) published his Species Plantarum, a hierarchical classification of plant species that remains the reference point for modern botanical nomenclature. This established a standardised binomial or two-part naming scheme where the first name represented the genus and the second identified the species within the genus. For the purposes of identification, Linnaeus's Systema Sexuale classified plants into 24 groups according to the number of their male sexual organs. The 24th group, Cryptogamia, included all plants with concealed reproductive parts, mosses, liverworts, ferns, algae and fungi.

Q1: What is the meaning of dichotomous keys?
A1: choices between pairs
Q2: What is the term for keys used for identification?
A2: diagnostic keys
Q3: Why were new plants arriving in Europe in the 18th century?
A3: newly discovered countries
Q4: What book is still used for nomenclature?
A4: Species Plantarum
Q5: How are the plants classified?
A5: number of their male sexual organs
Title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)
Topic: Warfare

During the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state during World War I, concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three Services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom—the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force. The formation of a united ministry of defence was rejected by David Lloyd George's coalition government in 1921; but the Chiefs of Staff Committee was formed in 1923, for the purposes of inter-Service co-ordination. As rearmament became a concern during the 1930s, Stanley Baldwin created the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence. Lord Chatfield held the post until the fall of Neville Chamberlain's government in 1940; his success was limited by his lack of control over the existing Service departments and his limited political influence.

Q1: What three services make up the armed forces of the UK?
A1: the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Air Force
Q2: What did David Lloyd George's coalition government reject in 1921?
A2: The formation of a united ministry of defence
Q3: When was the Chiefs of Staff Committee formed?
A3: 1923
Q4: Who created the position of Minister for Coordination of Defence?
A4: Stanley Baldwin
Q5: What post did Lord Chatfield hold until 1940?
A5: Minister for Coordination of Defence
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrages. A 2-inch rocket using HE or wire obstacle warheads was introduced first to deal with low-level or dive bombing attacks on smaller targets such as airfields. The 3-inch was in development at the end of the inter-war period.

Q1: What was under development in both the Soviet Union and Britain in the 1930s?
A1: solid fuel rockets
Q2: Why was Britain mainly interested in solid fuel rockets?
A2: for anti-aircraft fire
Q3: What were rockets called at this time?
A3: unrotated projectiles
Q4: How big was the rocket that was introduced to handle dive bombing attacks?
A4: 2-inch
Q5: What size rocket was being developed at the end of the war?
A5: 3-inch
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States. Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.

Q1: When did the Dust Bowl begin?
A1: 1930s
Q2: What mistake led to the Dust Bowl?
A2: poor farming practices
Q3: What states were affected by the Dust Bowl?
A3: Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma
Q4: How many farmers had to relocate because of the Dust Bowl?
A4: thousands
Q5: How much did Oklahoma's population decline from 1930 to 1950?
A5: 6.9 percent
Title: Thuringia
Topic: History

During the 1930s, the first two motorways were built across the Land, the A4 motorway as an important east-west connection in central Germany and the main link between Berlin and south-west Germany, and the A9 motorway as the main north-south route in eastern Germany, connecting Berlin with Munich. The A4 runs from Frankfurt in Hesse via Eisenach, Gotha, Erfurt, Weimar, Jena and Gera to Dresden in Saxony, connecting Thuringia's most important cities. At Hermsdorf junction it is connected with the A9. Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990, including some extensive re-routing in the Eisenach and Jena areas. Furthermore, three new motorways were built during the 1990s and 2000s. The A71 crosses the Land in southwest-northeast direction, connecting Würzburg in Bavaria via Meiningen, Suhl, Ilmenau, Arnstadt, Erfurt and Sömmerda with Sangerhausen and Halle in Saxony-Anhalt. The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71 has been one of Germany's most expensive motorway segments with various tunnels (including Germany's longest road tunnel, the Rennsteig Tunnel) and large bridges. The A73 starts at the A71 south of Erfurt in Suhl and runs south towards Nuremberg in Bavaria. The A38 is another west-east connection in the north of Thuringia running from Göttingen in Lower Saxony via Heiligenstadt and Nordhausen to Leipzig in Saxony. Furthermore, there is a dense network of federal highways complementing the motorway network. The upgrading of federal highways is prioritised in the federal trunk road programme 2015 (Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2015). Envisaged projects include upgrades of the B247 from Gotha to Leinefelde to improve Mühlhausen's connection to the national road network, the B19 from Eisenach to Meiningen to improve access to Bad Salzungen and Schmalkalden, and the B88 and B281 for strengthening the Saalfeld/Rudolstadt region.

Q1: When were the first motorways built in Thuringia?
A1: During the 1930s
Q2: When were the two motorways expanded?
A2: Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990
Q3: When were three additional roads built?
A3: during the 1990s and 2000s
Q4: Which motorway is Thuringia's most expensive?
A4: The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71
Q5:   What is the top priority of the federal trunk road programme 2015?
A5: The upgrading of federal highways
Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Topic: History

During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed had communist ties or were unduly influenced by them. In 1956, for example, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. T.R.M. Howard, a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of George W. Lee, Emmett Till, and other blacks in the South. The FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in an operation it called the COINTELPRO, which was short for "COunter-INTELligence PROgram." It was to investigate and disrupt the activities of dissident political organizations within the United States, including both militant and non-violent organizations. Among its targets was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization with clergy leadership.

Q1: When did the FBI become concerned about Civil Rights?
A1: 1950s and 1960s
Q2: What ties did the FBI believe civil rights leaders had?
A2: communist ties
Q3: Who did Hoover send an open letter denouncing?
A3: Dr. T.R.M. Howard
Q4: What agency had Dr. T.R.M. Howard criticized?
A4: FBI
Q5: What was the controversial domestic surveillance operation in this era?
A5: COINTELPRO
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

During the 1950s the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success. The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice in a controversial knock-out round of the European Cup, with Madrid receiving unfavourable treatment from the referee. In 2002, the European encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and Madrid's win was watched by more than 500 million people.

Q1: In 1950 what player was successful for Real Madrid?
A1: Alfredo di Stéfano
Q2: When did Barcelona meet Real Madrid twice in Europe?
A2: 1960s
Q3: What was a match between Real Madrid and Barcelona called in 2002?
A3: Match of The Century
Q4: How many people watched the Match of the Century?
A4: 500 million
Q5: Which team won the 2002 match between Real Madrid and Barcelona?
A5: Madrid