LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

Pesticides are used to control organisms that are considered to be harmful. For example, they are used to kill mosquitoes that can transmit potentially deadly diseases like West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria. They can also kill bees, wasps or ants that can cause allergic reactions. Insecticides can protect animals from illnesses that can be caused by parasites such as fleas. Pesticides can prevent sickness in humans that could be caused by moldy food or diseased produce. Herbicides can be used to clear roadside weeds, trees and brush. They can also kill invasive weeds that may cause environmental damage. Herbicides are commonly applied in ponds and lakes to control algae and plants such as water grasses that can interfere with activities like swimming and fishing and cause the water to look or smell unpleasant. Uncontrolled pests such as termites and mold can damage structures such as houses. Pesticides are used in grocery stores and food storage facilities to manage rodents and insects that infest food such as grain. Each use of a pesticide carries some associated risk. Proper pesticide use decreases these associated risks to a level deemed acceptable by pesticide regulatory agencies such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of Canada.

Q1: Pesticides can be used to stop the spread of what dieseases?
A1: West Nile virus, yellow fever, and malaria
Q2: What sort of pesticides would you find in ponds and lakes?
A2: Herbicides
Q3: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in the US?
A3: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Q4: Which agency regulates safety of pesticides in Canada?
A4: Pest Management Regulatory Agency
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

Pesticides can be classified based upon their biological mechanism function or application method. Most pesticides work by poisoning pests. A systemic pesticide moves inside a plant following absorption by the plant. With insecticides and most fungicides, this movement is usually upward (through the xylem) and outward. Increased efficiency may be a result. Systemic insecticides, which poison pollen and nectar in the flowers[citation needed], may kill bees and other needed pollinators[citation needed].

Q1: What is one way you could group pesticides?
A1: application method
Q2: What is the main way that peticides perform their function?
A2: by poisoning pests
Q3: In which direction do systemic pesticide generally travel through a plant?
A3: movement is usually upward
Q4: Which parts of a plant do systemic pesticides generally attack?
A4: pollen and nectar in the flowers
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

Pesticides can be classified by target organism (e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and pediculicides - see table), chemical structure (e.g., organic, inorganic, synthetic, or biological (biopesticide), although the distinction can sometimes blur), and physical state (e.g. gaseous (fumigant)). Biopesticides include microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides. Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals", have been developing quickly. These include the pyrethroids, rotenoids, nicotinoids, and a fourth group that includes strychnine and scilliroside.:15

Q1: What is one way to group pesticides?
A1: chemical structure
Q2: Give three examples of target organisms of pesticides.
A2: herbicides, insecticides, fungicides
Q3: What are the two types of biopesticides?
A3: microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides
Q4: Which type of pesticides have seen rapid growth in development?
A4: Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

Pesticides may cause acute and delayed health effects in people who are exposed. Pesticide exposure can cause a variety of adverse health effects, ranging from simple irritation of the skin and eyes to more severe effects such as affecting the nervous system, mimicking hormones causing reproductive problems, and also causing cancer. A 2007 systematic review found that "most studies on non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia showed positive associations with pesticide exposure" and thus concluded that cosmetic use of pesticides should be decreased. There is substantial evidence of associations between organophosphate insecticide exposures and neurobehavioral alterations.  Limited evidence also exists for other negative outcomes from pesticide exposure including neurological, birth defects, fetal death,

Q1: Can pesticides have a serious effect on people?
A1: cause acute and delayed health effects
Q2: What is one of the most serious effects of exposure to pesticides?
A2: cancer
Q3: What is thought to possibly cause neurobehavioral alterations?
A3: organophosphate insecticide exposures
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

Pesticides safety education and pesticide applicator regulation are designed to protect the public from pesticide misuse, but do not eliminate all misuse. Reducing the use of pesticides and choosing less toxic pesticides may reduce risks placed on society and the environment from pesticide use. Integrated pest management, the use of multiple approaches to control pests, is becoming widespread and has been used with success in countries such as Indonesia, China, Bangladesh, the U.S., Australia, and Mexico. IPM attempts to recognize the more widespread impacts of an action on an ecosystem, so that natural balances are not upset. New pesticides are being developed, including biological and botanical derivatives and alternatives that are thought to reduce health and environmental risks. In addition, applicators are being encouraged to consider alternative controls and adopt methods that reduce the use of chemical pesticides.

Q1: What is one measure taken to keep society safe from improper pesticide use?
A1: pesticide applicator regulation
Q2: What is a choice that users of pesticides can make that will lower risks?
A2: choosing less toxic pesticides
Q3: What is one country that has sucessfully used IPM?
A3: Australia
Q4: Biological and botanical derivatives have what positive effects?
A4: reduce health and environmental risks
Q5: Who has the ability to make the choice of using less harmful pesticides?
A5: applicators
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Pfizer, once the city's second largest employer, operated a large pharmaceutical research facility on the northeast side of Ann Arbor. On 22 January 2007, Pfizer announced it would close operations in Ann Arbor by the end of 2008. The facility was previously operated by Warner-Lambert and, before that, Parke-Davis. In December 2008, the University of Michigan Board of Regents approved the purchase of the facilities, and the university anticipates hiring 2,000 researchers and staff during the next 10 years. The city is the home of other research and engineering centers, including those of Lotus Engineering, General Dynamics and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Other research centers sited in the city are the United States Environmental Protection Agency's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory and the Toyota Technical Center. The city is also home to National Sanitation Foundation International (NSF International), the nonprofit non-governmental organization that develops generally accepted standards for a variety of public health related industries and subject areas.

Q1: Who is the city's 2nd largest employer?
A1: Pfizer
Q2: Which non-profit non-governmental organization is located in Ann Arbor?
A2: National Sanitation Foundation International
Q3: How many researchers does the University of Michigan expect to hire?
A3: 2,000
Title: Antibiotics
Topic: History

Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that infect bacteria by disrupting pathogenic bacterium lytic cycles. By disrupting the lytic cycles of bacterium, phages destroy their metabolism, which eventually results in the cell's death. Phages will insert their DNA into the bacterium, allowing their DNA to be transcribed. Once their DNA is transcribed the cell will proceed to make new phages and as soon as they are ready to be released, the cell will lyse. One of the worries about using phages to fight pathogens is that the phages will infect "good" bacteria, or the bacteria that are important in the everyday function of human beings. However, studies have proven that phages are very specific when they target bacteria, which makes researchers confident that bacteriophage therapy is the definite route to defeating antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Q1: What has been talked about to treat resistant bacteria?
A1: Phage therapy
Q2: How have researchers been doing this?
A2: infecting pathogenic bacteria
Q3: What is a worry of using phages?
A3: phages will infect "good" bacteria
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games. An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a vase at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens appears on the UEFA European Championship Cup. Athenaeus, writing in 228 AD, referenced the Roman ball game harpastum. Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence. They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball more than what is recognizable as modern football. As with pre-codified "mob football", the antecedent of all modern football codes, these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking. Non-competitive games included kemari in Japan, chuk-guk in Korea and woggabaliri in Australia.

Q1: What Museum has a vase with an image of an episkyros player?
A1: National Archaeological Museum of Athens
Q2: What game did Athenaeus reference in 228 AD?
A2: harpastum
Q3: What is the name of a similar, non-competitive game in Japan called?
A3: kemari
Q4: What country is the game chuck-guk from?
A4: Korea
Q5: What country is the game wogabaliri from?
A5: Australia
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the critical anesthetic in the three-drug cocktail, announced in 2011 that it would no longer manufacture the drug for the American market, in part for ethical reasons and in part because its transfer of sodium thiopental manufacturing to Italy would subject it to the European Union's Torture Regulation, which forbids the use of any product manufactured within the Union for torture (as execution by lethal injection is considered by the Regulation). Since the drug manufacturers began taking these steps and the EU regulation ended the importation of drugs produced in Europe, the resulting shortage of execution drugs has led to or influenced decisions to impose moratoria in Arkansas, California, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, North Carolina, and Tennessee.

Q1: How many drugs are used to administer lethal injection?
A1: three
Q2: What lethal injection drug is manufactured by Hospira?
A2: sodium thiopental
Q3: When did Hospira cease to manufacture its lethal injection drug for the United States?
A3: 2011
Q4: In what country does Hospira manufacture sodium thiopental today?
A4: Italy
Q5: What EU law forbids products used in torture to be manufactured in the European Union?
A5: Torture Regulation
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs. Of this amount $2.5 billion was recovered through False Claims Act cases in FY 2010. Examples of fraud cases include the GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion settlement, Pfizer $2.3 billion settlement and Merck & Co. $650 million settlement. Damages from fraud can be recovered by use of the False Claims Act, most commonly under the qui tam provisions which rewards an individual for being a "whistleblower", or relator (law).

Q1: How much money was recovered through the False Claims?
A1: $2.5 billion
Q2: What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system?
A2: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs.
Q3: What is pharmaceutical fraud?
A3: deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company
Q4: Who had the biggest fraud case settlement?
A4: GlaxoSmithKline
Q5: What provision rewards "whistle-blowers"?
A5: qui tam
Q6: What kind of fraud financially benefits a drug company?
A6: Pharmaceutical fraud
Q7: Who is affected by pharmaceutical fraud?
A7: individuals and public and private insurers
Q8: How much money lost to pharmaceutical fraud was recovered in 2010?
A8: $2.5 billion
Q9: Which act allows whistleblowers to recover money lost from pharmaceutical fraud?
A9: False Claims Act
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948. Solar energy can also be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. The Solar Two used this method of energy storage, allowing it to store 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres storage tank with an annual storage efficiency of about 99%.

Q1: Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media?
A1: thermal
Q2: The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where?
A2: The "Dover House"
Q3: What are some examples of phase change materials?
A3: paraffin wax and Glauber's salt
Q4: What are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials?
A4: 64 °C or 147 °F
Q5: What was the name of the heating system that first used Glauber's salt?
A5: Dover House
Q6: Why are salts good  for thermal storage?
A6: they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems
Q7: How much energy was the Solar Two able to store using salts?
A7: 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Phase one mode is activated by a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. Once an alarm has been activated, the elevator will automatically go into phase one. The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor. Once the elevator has left the floor, depending on where the alarm was set off, the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor. However, if the alarm was activated on the fire-recall floor, the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to. When the elevator is recalled, it proceeds to the recall floor and stops with its doors open. The elevator will no longer respond to calls or move in any direction. Located on the fire-recall floor is a fire-service key switch. The fire-service key switch has the ability to turn fire service off, turn fire service on or to bypass fire service. The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset.

Q1: What initiates Phase one mode?
A1: a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building
Q2: What happens when an elevator goes into Phase one mode?
A2: The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor
Q3: Where does the elevator go from there?
A3: the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor
Q4: What happens if the mode is activated on the fire-recall floor?
A4: the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to
Q5: How is the elevator enabled for service after the incident?
A5: The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel. This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building. The phase-two key switch located on the COP has three positions: off, on, and hold. By turning phase two on, the firefighter enables the car to move. However, like independent-service mode, the car will not respond to a car call unless the firefighter manually pushes and holds the door close button. Once the elevator gets to the desired floor it will not open its doors unless the firefighter holds the door open button. This is in case the floor is burning and the firefighter can feel the heat and knows not to open the door. The firefighter must hold door open until the door is completely opened. If for any reason the firefighter wishes to leave the elevator, they will use the hold position on the key switch to make sure the elevator remains at that floor. If the firefighter wishes to return to the recall floor, they simply turn the key off and close the doors.

Q1: How is the Phase-two mode enabled?
A1: Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel
Q2: What is the purpose of the Phase-two mode?
A2: This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building
Q3: Where is the Phase-two key switch to be found?
A3: on the COP
Q4: What does Phase-two do?
A4: enables the car to move
Q5: What actions must a firefighter take to activate Phase-two mode?
A5: manually pushes and holds the door close button
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

Phil Skinner played a key role in 20th century development of the mandolin movement in Australia, and was awarded an MBE in 1979 for services to music and the community. He was born Harry Skinner in Sydney in 1903 and started learning music at age 10 when his uncle tutored him on the banjo. Skinner began teaching part-time at age 18, until the Great Depression forced him to begin teaching full-time and learn a broader range of instruments. Skinner founded the Sydney Mandolin Orchestra, the oldest surviving mandolin orchestra in Australia.

Q1: Who played a key role Australian mandolin movement? 
A1: Phil Skinner
Q2: When did the Australian mandolin movement begin?
A2: 20th century
Q3: When was Phil Skinner awarded an MBE? 
A3: 1979
Q4: What was Phil Skinner's birth name? 
A4: Harry Skinner
Q5: At what age did Phil Skinner begin playing music? 
A5: 10
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia Gas Works (PGW), overseen by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, is the nation's largest municipally owned natural gas utility. It serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area. Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of gas distributed within city limits. In 2014, the Philadelphia City Council refused to conduct hearings on a $1.86 billion sale of PGW, part of a two-year effort that was proposed by the mayor. The refusal led to the prospective buyer terminating its offer.

Q1: What is the largest city owned gas utility?
A1: Philadelphia Gas Works
Q2: How many homes does PGW serve?
A2: 500,000
Q3: When was PGW founded?
A3: 1836
Q4: When did the city take PGW over?
A4: 1987
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia artists have had a prominent national role in popular music. In the 1970s, Philadelphia soul influenced the music of that and later eras. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the Live Aid concert at John F. Kennedy Stadium. The city reprised this role for the Live 8 concert, bringing some 700,000 people to the Ben Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005. Philadelphia is home to the world-renowned Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which has performed its music all over the world. Dr. Robert G. Hamilton, founder of the choir, is a notable native Philadelphian. The Philly Pops is another famous Philadelphia music group. The city has played a major role in the development and support of American rock music and rap music. Hip-hop/Rap artists such as The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes hail from the city.

Q1: Name a type of music from the 70's that influenced the nation?
A1: Philadelphia soul
Q2: What concert did Philly host on July13th, 1985?
A2: Live Aid
Q3: What is the name of the stadium that held Live Aid?
A3: John F. Kennedy Stadium
Q4: Name a hip/hop artist from the city?
A4: The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities. Dedicated in June 1976, the Sister Cities Plaza, a site of 0.5 acres (2,000 m2) located at 18th and Benjamin Franklin Parkway, honors Philadelphia's relationships with Tel Aviv and Florence which were its first sister cities. Another landmark, the Toruń Triangle, honoring the sister city relationship with Toruń, Poland, was constructed in 1976, west of the United Way building at 18th Street and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. In addition, the Triangle contains the Copernicus monument. Renovations were made to Sister Cities Park in mid-2011 and on May 10, 2012, SCP was reopened and currently features an interactive fountain honoring Philadelphia's ten sister and friendship cities, a café and visitor's center, children's play area, outdoor garden, and boat pond, as well as pavilion built to environmentally friendly standards.

Q1: What city in Poland is a sister city to Philadelphia?
A1: Toruń
Q2: What city in Israel is a sister city to Philadelphia?
A2: Tel Aviv
Q3: When was Torun triangle built?
A3: 1976
Q4: What else does the Triangle contain?
A4: Copernicus monument
Q5: How many sister cities does Philadelphia have?
A5: ten
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia has more public art than any other American city. In 1872, the Association for Public Art (formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association) was created, the first private association in the United States dedicated to integrating public art and urban planning. In 1959, lobbying by the Artists Equity Association helped create the Percent for Art ordinance, the first for a U.S. city. The program, which has funded more than 200 pieces of public art, is administered by the Philadelphia Office of Arts and Culture, the city's art agency.

Q1: Which American city has the most public art?
A1: Philadelphia
Q2: What was the Assoc. for Public Art called in the past?
A2: Fairmount Park Art Association
Q3: How many pieces of art were funded by the Percent for Art ordinance?
A3: more than 200
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia is also a major hub for Greyhound Lines, which operates 24-hour service to points east of the Mississippi River. Most of Greyhound's services in Philadelphia operate to/from the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal, located at 1001 Filbert Street in Center City Philadelphia. In 2006, the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal was the second busiest Greyhound terminal in the United States, after the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York. Besides Greyhound, six other bus operators provide service to the Center City Greyhound terminal: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit. Other services include Megabus and Bolt Bus.

Q1: What bus line uses the city as a hub?
A1: Greyhound Lines
Q2: Where is Greyhound terminal located?
A2: 1001 Filbert Street
Q3: How many other bus companies operate from Philadelphia?
A3: six
Q4: What is the name of the six bus companies?
A4: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.

Q1: Which is the biggest historical sites?
A1: Independence National Historical Park
Q2: How many UNESCO sites does the U.S. have?
A2: 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Q3: Where was the Declaration of Independence signed?
A3: Independence National Historical Park
Q4: What famous bell is in Philadelphia?
A4: the Liberty Bell
Q5: What famous writer has a house in Philadelphia?
A5: Edgar Allan Poe
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia once comprised six congressional districts. However, as a result of the city's declining population, it now has only four: the 1st district, represented by Bob Brady; the 2nd, represented by Chaka Fattah; the 8th, represented by Mike Fitzpatrick; and the 13th, represented by Brendan Boyle. All but Fitzpatrick are Democrats. Although they are usually swamped by Democrats in city, state and national elections, Republicans still have some support in the area, primarily in the northeast. A Republican represented a significant portion of Philadelphia in the House as late as 1983, and Sam Katz ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in both 1999 and 2003.

Q1: How many congressional districts are there in the city?
A1: four
Q2: How many congressional districts were there at the peak population?
A2: six
Q3: Who represents the 8th district?
A3: Mike Fitzpatrick
Q4: When was the last major Republican representation of a large part of the city?
A4: 1983
Q5: Who was the last Republican to be fairly competitive in the mayoral race?
A5: Sam Katz
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia's an annualized unemployment rate was 7.8% in 2014, down from 10.0%the previous year. This is higher than the national average of 6.2%. Similarly, the rate of new jobs added to the city's economy lagged behind the national job growth. In 2014, about 8,800 jobs were added to the city's economy. Sectors with the largest number of jobs added were in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services. Declines were seen in the city's manufacturing and government sectors.

Q1: Unemployment rate in 2014?
A1: 7.8%
Q2: What was the average unemployment rate in the U.S. in 2014?
A2: 6.2%
Q3: How many jobs were gained in 2014?
A3: 8,800
Q4: What industries accounted for most of the city's job gains?
A4: education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services
Q5: What industries suffered declines?
A5: manufacturing and government
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running east-west and north-south forming a grid pattern. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers served as early boundaries between which the city's early street plan was kept within. In addition, Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (in parenthesis): Centre Square, North East Publick Square (Franklin Square), Northwest Square (Logan Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Southeast Square (Washington Square). Center City has grown into the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City, with an estimated 183,240 residents in 2015.

Q1: Who planned the central city?
A1: Thomas Holme
Q2: Which rivers run through the city?
A2: The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers
Q3: How many public parks did Penn plan?
A3: five
Q4: How many live in the central area today?
A4: 183,240
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia's importance and central location in the colonies made it a natural center for America's revolutionaries. By the 1750s, Philadelphia had surpassed Boston to become the largest city and busiest port in British America, and second in the British Empire, behind London. The city hosted the First Continental Congress before the American Revolutionary War; the Second Continental Congress, which signed the United States Declaration of Independence, during the war; and the Constitutional Convention (1787) after the war. Several battles were fought in and near Philadelphia as well.

Q1: What important revolutionary document was signed in Philadelphia?
A1: Declaration of Independence,
Q2: When did Philadelphia host the Constitutional Convention?
A2: 1787
Q3: How many Revolutionary War battles were fought around Philadelphia?
A3: Several
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Mütter Museum; and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia History, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in the state of Pennsylvania and The Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania and Eastern State Penitentiary. Philadelphia is home to the United States' first zoo and hospital, as well as Fairmount Park, one of America's oldest and largest urban parks.

Q1: Name the archaeology museum?
A1: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
Q2: Name a museum named after a founding father?
A2: Franklin Institute
Q3: Which city had the nations first zoo?
A3: Philadelphia
Q4: Name Philidelphia's largest park?
A4: Fairmount Park
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers.

Q1: How many major papers are published?
A1: two
Q2: What is the 3rd oldest paper in the nation?
A2: Philadelphia Inquirer
Q3: Who owns the major papers in the city?
A3: Interstate General Media
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Papal States, the new calendar was implemented on the date specified by the bull, with Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582, being followed by Gregorian Friday, 15 October 1582. The Spanish and Portuguese colonies followed somewhat later de facto because of delay in communication.

Q1: What ruler decreed the change to the Gregorian calendar?
A1: Philip II of Spain
Q2: Besides part of Italy, over what areas did Phillip rule?
A2: Spain and Portugal
Q3: What was the first day selected to be the first day using the new calendar?
A3: Friday, 15 October 1582
Q4: What was the last day the Julian calendar was used?
A4: Thursday, 4 October 1582
Q5: Why did the Spanish colonies lag behind in adopting the calendar?
A5: delay in communication
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory. In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia. In 338 BC, Philip defeated a combined Theban and Athenian army at the Battle of Chaeronea after a decade of desultory conflict. In the aftermath, Philip formed the League of Corinth, effectively bringing the majority of Greece under his direct sway. He was elected Hegemon of the league, and a campaign against the Achaemenid Empire of Persia was planned. However, while this campaign was in its early stages, he was assassinated.

Q1: When did King Philip the II annex Thessaly and Magnesia?
A1: 352 BC
Q2: Who annexed Thessaly and Magnesia?
A2: Philip II
Q3: When was the Battle of Chaeronea?
A3: 338 BC
Q4: Who formed the League of Corinth?
A4: Philip
Q5: Who was Philip II planning a campaign against when he was assasinated?
A5: Achaemenid Empire of Persia
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Philip V, who came to power when Doson died in 221 BC, was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the "cloud rising in the west": the ever-increasing power of Rome. He was known as "the darling of Hellas". Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought the latest war between Macedon and the Greek leagues (the social war 220-217) to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum.

Q1: When did Doson die?
A1: 221 BC
Q2: Who took control when Doson died?
A2: Philip V
Q3: Which ruler had the last, best chance of uniting Greece?
A3: Philip V
Q4: What was Philip V known as?
A4: the darling of Hellas
Q5: When was the Peace of Naupactus?
A5: 217 BC
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

Philips' preferred name for the format was "VLP", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat ("Video long-play disc"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also discussed a compatible audio-only format they called "ALP", but that was soon dropped as the Compact Disc system became a non-compatible project in the Philips corporation. Until early 1980, the format had no "official" name. The LaserVision Association, made up of MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips/Magnavox, was formed to standardize the technical specifications of the format (which had been causing problems for the consumer market) and finally named the system officially as "LaserVision".

Q1: What did VLP stand for in English-speaking countries?
A1: Video Long-Play
Q2: What was the first consumer VLP player?
A2: Magnavox VH-8000
Q3: Which group officially chose the name "Laservision"?
A3: The LaserVision Association
Q4: The Laservision Association was comprised of which companies?
A4: MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips/Magnavox
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for sensory events to trigger a physiological response prior to triggering conscious awareness and emotional stimuli had to trigger both physiological and experiential aspects of emotion simultaneously.

Q1: What is the thalamus a part of?
A1: the diencephalon
Q2: Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
A2: Cannon
Q3: What creatures did Bard experiment on?
A3: animals
Q4: Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?
A4: physiological
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted.

Q1: What former contestant did Ace Young ask to marry him?
A1: Diana DeGarmo
Q2: In what season was Ace Young a finalist on American Idol?
A2: five
Q3: In What season did Diana DeGarmo come in second on American Idol?
A3: three
Q4: Which season was Ace Young on?
A4: season five
Q5: Which season was Diana DeGarmo on?
A5: season three
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Phillips released "Home" as his coronation song, while Sanchez released "Change Nothing". Phillips' "Home" has since become the best selling of all coronation songs.

Q1: What is the first song that Phillip Phliips released after winning American Idol?
A1: Home
Q2: What is the name of the song that Jessica Sanchez released first after American Idol?
A2: Change Nothing
Q3: What was Phillip's coronation song?
A3: Home
Q4: What song did Sanchez release?
A4: Change Nothing
Q5: Which song is the best selling coronation song of all Idol seasons?
A5: Home
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Philosophical empiricists hold no knowledge to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's sense-based experience. This view is commonly contrasted with rationalism, which states that knowledge may be derived from reason independently of the senses. For example, John Locke held that some knowledge (e.g. knowledge of God's existence) could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone. Similarly Robert Boyle, a prominent advocate of the experimental method, held that we have innate ideas. The main continental rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were also advocates of the empirical "scientific method".

Q1: What is commonly contrasted with empiricism?
A1: rationalism
Q2: Where does rationalism say knowledge comes from?
A2: reason independently of the senses
Q3: What is an example knowledge being derived from intuition?
A3: knowledge of God's existence
Q4: What did Locke think some knowledge could come from?
A4: intuition and reasoning alone
Q5: Where were the main European rationalists?
A5: Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz
Title: Literature
Topic: Language and literature

Philosophy has become an increasingly academic discipline. More of its practitioners lament this situation than occurs with the sciences; nonetheless most new philosophical work appears in academic journals. Major philosophers through history—Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche—have become as canonical as any writers. Some recent philosophy works are argued to merit the title "literature", but much of it does not, and some areas, such as logic, have become extremely technical to a degree similar to that of mathematics.

Q1: What classic area of study is now mostly reserved for academic consideration?
A1: Philosophy
Q2: Most serious studies in philosophy are segregated to what publications?
A2: academic journals
Q3: Who are some of the most important philosophers in history?
A3: Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche
Q4: What aspect of modern academic philosophy is less literary than technical in nature?
A4: logic
Q5: Serious studies in logic tend to resemble what discipline, moreso than literature?
A5: mathematics
Title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early analytic philosophy. The subject focuses on a number of basic issues, including whether or not time and space exist independently of the mind, whether they exist independently of one another, what accounts for time's apparently unidirectional flow, whether times other than the present moment exist, and questions about the nature of identity (particularly the nature of identity over time).

Q1: Which philosophy branch is concerned with issues surrounding ontology?
A1: Philosophy of space and time
Q2: The philosophy of space and time was inspired by what kind of philosophy?
A2: early analytic philosophy
Q3: The  philosophy of space and time focuses on whether or not time and space exist independently of what?
A3: the mind
Q4: The  philosophy of space and time focuses what kind of flow within time? 
A4: unidirectional
Title: Aspirated_consonant
Topic: Language and literature

Phonetically in some languages, such as Navajo, aspiration of stops tends to be realised as voiceless velar airflow; aspiration of affricates is realised as an extended length of the frication.

Q1: Aspiration of stops is seen as voiceless velar airflow in some languages, such as what?
A1: Navajo
Q2: In Navajo, the aspiration of affricates can be seen as what?
A2: an extended length of the frication
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

Phonology also includes topics such as phonotactics (the phonological constraints on what sounds can appear in what positions in a given language) and phonological alternation (how the pronunciation of a sound changes through the application of phonological rules, sometimes in a given order which can be feeding or bleeding,) as well as prosody, the study of suprasegmentals and topics such as stress and intonation.

Q1: Under what topic is suprasegmentals studied?
A1: prosody
Q2: Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how pronunciation of a sound changes?
A2: feeding
Q3: Phonotactics, phonological alternation and prosody are topics contained in what discipline?
A3: Phonology
Q4: Stress and intonation are studied under what topic?
A4: prosody
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word (including syllable, onset and rime, articulatory gestures, articulatory features, mora, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound is considered to be structured for conveying linguistic meaning. Phonology also includes the study of equivalent organizational systems in sign languages.

Q1: What is phonology a branch of?
A1: linguistics
Q2: What kind of systems are the traditional focus of phonology? 
A2: phonemes
Q3: The study of sign language is a part of what?
A3: Phonology
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

Phonology is often distinguished from phonetics. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages to encode meaning. For many linguists, phonetics belongs to descriptive linguistics, and phonology to theoretical linguistics, although establishing the phonological system of a language is necessarily an application of theoretical principles to analysis of phonetic evidence. Note that this distinction was not always made, particularly before the development of the modern concept of the phoneme in the mid 20th century. Some subfields of modern phonology have a crossover with phonetics in descriptive disciplines such as psycholinguistics and speech perception, resulting in specific areas like articulatory phonology or laboratory phonology.

Q1: What branch of linguistics is phonology distinguished from?
A1: phonetics
Q2: What kind of linguistics is phonetics considered to be a part of?
A2: descriptive
Q3: Phonology is generally considered a part of the theoretical side of what discipline?
A3: linguistics
Q4: When was the phonome's modern concept developed?
A4: mid 20th century
Q5: What subfield of modern phonology other than phsycholinguistics crosses over with phonetics? 
A5: speech perception
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

Phosphor-based LED efficiency losses are due to the heat loss from the Stokes shift and also other phosphor-related degradation issues. Their luminous efficacies compared to normal LEDs depend on the spectral distribution of the resultant light output and the original wavelength of the LED itself. For example, the luminous efficacy of a typical YAG yellow phosphor based white LED ranges from 3 to 5 times the luminous efficacy of the original blue LED because of the human eye's greater sensitivity to yellow than to blue (as modeled in the luminosity function). Due to the simplicity of manufacturing the phosphor method is still the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs. The design and production of a light source or light fixture using a monochrome emitter with phosphor conversion is simpler and cheaper than a complex RGB system, and the majority of high-intensity white LEDs presently on the market are manufactured using phosphor light conversion.

Q1: Why is efficiency sometimes lost in phosphor-based LEDs?
A1: heat loss from the Stokes shift
Q2: What do phosphor-based LEDs luminous efficacies depend on?
A2: the spectral distribution of the resultant light output
Q3: What are some of the luminous efficacies of yellow phosphor based white LED compared to blue?
A3: 3 to 5 times the luminous efficacy
Q4: What is the most popular method for making high-intensity white LEDs?
A4: phosphor method
Q5: What type of emitter is used in phosphor-based white LED methods?
A5: monochrome
Title: Compact_disc
Topic: Engineering and technology

Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifications as well. They are intended to play on CD-i players, Photo CD players and any computer with the suitable software irrespective of the operating system. The images can also be printed out on photographic paper with a special Kodak machine. This format is not to be confused with Kodak Picture CD, which is a consumer product in CD-ROM format.

Q1: Who created Photo CDs?
A1: Kodak
Q2: When were Photo CDs initially released?
A2: 1992
Q3: How many images could Photo CDs initially contain?
A3: 100
Q4: What type of paper can Photo CD images be produced on?
A4: photographic paper
Q5: In what book are Photo CD standards defined?
A5: Beige Book