LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

The earthquake also provided opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions. Using data from the Intermagnet Lanzhou geomagnetic observatory, geologists Lazo Pekevski from the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in Macedonia and Strachimir Mavrodiev from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences attempted to establish a "time prediction method" through collecting statistics on geomagnetism with tidal gravitational potential. Using this method, they were said to have predicted the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake with an accuracy of ±1 day. The same study, however, acknowledges the limitation of earthquake prediction models, and does not mention that the location of the quake could be accurately predicted.

Q1: What did the earthquake allow?
A1: opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions
Q2: What did the professors predict?
A2: the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake
Q3: What did they try to establish?
A3: time prediction method
Q4: What did they collect to use in this method?
A4: statistics
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed.

Q1: Where was the epicenter?
A1: Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
Q2: How long did the earthquake last?
A2: 2 minutes
Q3: What percentage of buildings were destroyed?
A3: 80%
Q4: What was the magnitude of the earthquake?
A4: 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
Q5: How long did the main tremor last?
A5: 2 minutes
Q6: What percentage of buildings were destroyed during the quake?
A6: almost 80%
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

The earthquake left at least 5 million people without housing, although the number could be as high as 11 million. Millions of livestock and a significant amount of agriculture were also destroyed, including 12.5 million animals, mainly birds. In the Sichuan province a million pigs died out of 60 million total. Catastrophe modeling firm AIR Worldwide reported official estimates of insurers' losses at US$1 billion from the earthquake; estimated total damages exceed US$20 billion. It values Chengdu, at the time having an urban population of 4.5 million people, at around US$115 billion, with only a small portion covered by insurance.

Q1: How many people were left without housing?
A1: 5 million
Q2: How many people could be potentially without housing?
A2: 11 million
Q3: How many animals were killed?
A3: 12.5 million
Q4: How many pigs died in Sichuan?
A4: 1 million
Q5: Because of the earthquake, how many people did not have housing?
A5: at least 5 million
Q6: How many people might actually be homeless?
A6: 11 million
Q7: How much livestock was lost?
A7: 12.5 million animals
Q8: How many pigs died from the earthquake in Sichuan ?
A8: a million
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future. Earthquake prediction is not yet established science; there was no consensus within the scientific community that earthquake "prediction" is possible.

Q1: How long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude?
A1: over 30 years
Q2: How long since the Sichuan area has had  a severe quake?
A2: 30 years
Q3: Does the scientific community agree that earthquake prediction is possible?
A3: no consensus
Q4: People wanted to know if the study of what math could produce better predictions?
A4: statistics
Q5: What is not an established science?
A5: Earthquake prediction
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users who engaged in file sharing.

Q1: What kind of infringement resulted from sharing MP3s?
A1: copyright
Q2: What name did the record companies associate with MP3 file sharing?
A2: music piracy
Q3: Who was the target of the record companies?
A3: Napster
Q4: What happened to Napster?
A4: shut down and later sold
Title: Geography_of_the_United_States
Topic: Geography and places

The east coast Appalachian system, originally forest covered, is relatively low and narrow and is bordered on the southeast and south by an important coastal plain. The Cordilleran system on the western side of the continent is lofty, broad and complicated having two branches, the Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System. In between these mountain systems lie the Intermontaine Plateaus. Both the Columbia River and Colorado River rise far inland near the easternmost members of the Cordilleran system, and flow through plateaus and intermontaine basins to the ocean. Heavy forests cover the northwest coast, but elsewhere trees are found only on the higher ranges below the Alpine region. The intermontane valleys, plateaus and basins range from treeless to desert with the most arid region being in the southwest.

Q1: What originally covered the east coast of the Appalachians?
A1: forest
Q2: What are the two branches of the Cordilleran system?
A2: Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System
Q3: Which two major rivers are located in the Cordilleran system?
A3: Columbia River and Colorado River
Q4: Which region of the Appalachians is the most arid?
A4: southwest
Title: Gothic_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulatory and sometimes a ring of chapels called a "chevet". While German churches are often similar to those of France, in Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept is usually just a shallow apsidal chapel containing the sanctuary, as at Florence Cathedral.

Q1: In England, which arm would generally show two distinct sections, choir and presbytery?
A1: The eastern arm
Q2: Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to?
A2: the Virgin Mary
Q3: What shape does the eastern end often exhibit in France?
A3: polygonal
Q4: What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as?
A4: chevet
Q5: In Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept often contains what?
A5: the sanctuary
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

The eastern shoreline of Funafuti Lagoon was modified during World War II when the airfield (what is now Funafuti International Airport) was constructed. The coral base of the atoll was used as fill to create the runway. The resulting borrow pits impacted the fresh-water aquifer. In the low areas of Funafuti the sea water can be seen bubbling up through the porous coral rock to form pools with each high tide. Since 1994 a project has been in development to assess the environmental impact of transporting sand from the lagoon to fill all the borrow pits and low-lying areas on Fongafale. In 2014 the Tuvalu Borrow Pits Remediation (BPR) project was approved in order to fill 10 borrow pits, leaving Tafua Pond, which is a natural pond. The New Zealand Government funded the BPR project. The project was carried out in 2015 with 365,000 sqm of sand being dredged from the lagoon to fill the holes and improve living conditions on the island. This project increase the usable land space on Fongafale by eight per cent.

Q1: What is the modern name for the air field built during WWII?
A1: Funafuti International Airport
Q2: What was damaged by building of the war time air field?
A2: Funafuti Lagoon
Q3: What has the pits from the Tuvalu air runways construction  impacted?
A3: fresh-water aquifer
Q4: What government funded the restoration of the borrow pits on Tuvalu?
A4: New Zealand Government
Q5: How much increase in land space did the filling of the borrow pits cause?
A5: eight per cent
Title: Tennessee
Topic: Geography and places

The easternmost section, about 10 miles (16 km) in width, consists of hilly land that runs along the western bank of the Tennessee River. To the west of this narrow strip of land is a wide area of rolling hills and streams that stretches all the way to the Mississippi River; this area is called the Tennessee Bottoms or bottom land. In Memphis, the Tennessee Bottoms end in steep bluffs overlooking the river. To the west of the Tennessee Bottoms is the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, less than 300 feet (90 m) above sea level. This area of lowlands, flood plains, and swamp land is sometimes referred to as the Delta region. Memphis is the economic center of West Tennessee and the largest city in the state.

Q1: What is the lowland area of Tennessee between the Tennessee River and Mississippi River called?
A1: Tennessee Bottoms
Q2: What geographical region lies west of the Tennessee bottom land?
A2: Mississippi Alluvial Plain
Q3: What maximum elevation is the land in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain?
A3: 300 feet (90 m) above sea level
Q4: What city is central to the economy of West Tennessee?
A4: Memphis
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affairs and eastern theological controversies. The register, or archived copies of the letters, of Pope Gregory the Great (pope 590–604) survived, and of those more than 850 letters, the vast majority were concerned with affairs in Italy or Constantinople. The only part of Western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Irish missionaries were most active in Western Europe between the 5th and the 7th centuries, going first to England and Scotland and then on to the continent. Under such monks as Columba (d. 597) and Columbanus (d. 615), they founded monasteries, taught in Latin and Greek, and authored secular and religious works.

Q1: When did Gregory the Great become pope?
A1: 590
Q2: About how many of Gregory's letters were concerned with Constantinople or Italy?
A2: 850
Q3: In what region of Western Europe did the pope have influence?
A3: Britain
Q4: When did the Gregorian mission travel to Britain?
A4: 597
Q5: When did Columbanus die?
A5: 615
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

The economic output of the metropolitan area alone is worth more than one third of national GDP around $6.5billion in terms of nominal GDP NR.s 550 billion approximately per year $2200 per capital income approx three times national average. Kathmandu exports handicrafts, artworks, garments, carpets, pashmina, paper; trade accounts for 21% of its finances.[which?] Manufacturing is also important and accounts for 19% of the revenue that Kathmandu generates. Garments and woolen carpets are the most notable manufactured products. Other economic sectors in Kathmandu include agriculture (9%), education (6%), transport (6%), and hotels and restaurants (5%). Kathmandu is famous for lokta paper and pashmina shawls.

Q1: Approximately what portion of Nepal's GDP is produced by the Kathmandu metropolitan area?
A1: one third
Q2: What do Kathmandu residents earn per capita each year?
A2: $2200
Q3: What is the GDP of Kathmandu?
A3: 6.5billion
Q4: What percentage of Kathmandu's economy is trade?
A4: 21
Q5: What portion of Kathmandu's economy consists of agriculture?
A5: 9%
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services, as most factories moved away to either the State of Mexico, or more commonly to the northern border. By contrast, corporate office buildings set their base in the city.

Q1: Who privatized the airlines of Mexico?
A1: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Q2: Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?
A2: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Q3: What did NAFTA do to the businesses in Mexico City?
A3: led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services
Q4: Where did the factories of Mexico City move to most commonly?
A4: northern border
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The economic structure of the Empire was defined by its geopolitical structure. The Ottoman Empire stood between the West and the East, thus blocking the land route eastward and forcing Spanish and Portuguese navigators to set sail in search of a new route to the Orient. The Empire controlled the spice route that Marco Polo once used. When Vasco da Gama bypassed Ottoman controlled routes and established direct trade links with India in 1498, and Christopher Columbus first journeyed to the Bahamas in 1492, the Ottoman Empire was at its zenith.

Q1: What serviced as the foundation for the structure of the economy of the Ottoman empire?
A1: its geopolitical structure
Q2: The Ottoman Empire caused navigators from which two nations to find another route to the Orient?
A2: Spanish and Portuguese
Q3: Who once used the spice route that the Ottoman Empire controlled?
A3: Marco Polo
Q4: When were direct trade links established with India?
A4: 1498
Q5: When did Christopher Columbus sail to the Bahamas?
A5: 1492
Title: Rule_of_law
Topic: History

The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts."

Q1: What is F.A. Hayek's profession?
A1: economist
Q2: According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments?
A2: confidence in a successful return on investment
Q3: According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people?
A3: frustrate his efforts
Q4: According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law?
A4: pursue his personal ends and desires
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

The economy began to recover in the early 1960s, and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by the jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements. With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia was established as a new autonomous entity, the Valencian Community, the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 designating Valencia as its capital. On the night of 23 February 1981, shortly after Antonio Tejero had stormed Congress, the Captain General of the Third Military Region, Jaime Milans del Bosch, rose up in Valencia, put tanks on the streets, declared a state of emergency and tried to convince other senior military figures to support the coup. After the televised message of King Juan Carlos I, those in the military who had not yet aligned themselves decided to remain loyal to the government, and the coup failed. Despite this lack of support, Milans del Bosch only surrendered at 5 a.m. on the next day, 24 February.

Q1: When democracy began in Spain, what did the kingdom of Valencia become?
A1: the Valencian Community
Q2: Who led a coup in Valencia?
A2: Jaime Milans del Bosch
Q3: Whose message convinced much of the military to stay loyal?
A3: King Juan Carlos I
Q4: When did Milans del Bosch surrender?
A4: 24 February
Q5: What law made Valencia the capital of its region?
A5: Statute of Autonomy
Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Topic: Geography and places

The economy has been growing quickly in recent years. In both 2010 and 2011, the metro area's gross domestic product (GDP) led 27 other metropolitan areas in the country, according to the Conference Board of Canada, recording growth of 6.6 per cent and 5.8 per cent respectively. At $52,000 the city's per capita GDP is the second highest out of all major Canadian cities. Economic forecasts suggest that the city will continue its strong economic growth in the coming years not only in the "oceanic" industries mentioned above, but also in tourism and new home construction as the population continues to grow. In May 2011, the city's unemployment rate fell to 5.6 per cent, the second lowest unemployment rate for a major city in Canada.

Q1: What has been growing in the recent years?
A1: economy
Q2: When did the unemployment rate fall to 5.6 per cent?
A2: May 2011
Q3: What was the city's unemployment rate in May 2011?
A3: 5.6 per cent
Q4: What is the city's per capita GDP?
A4: $52,000
Title: Republic_of_the_Congo
Topic: Geography and places

The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.

Q1: What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
A1: Petroleum
Q2: What are two issues in the Congolese government?
A2: budget problems and overstaffing
Q3: What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?
A3: forestry
Q4: What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?
A4: 65%
Q5: What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?
A5: 92%
Title: Himachal_Pradesh
Topic: Social sciences and society

The economy of Himachal Pradesh is currently the third-fastest growing economy in India.[citation needed] Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. This has made it one of the wealthiest places in the entire South Asia. Abundance of perennial rivers enables Himachal to sell hydroelectricity to other states such as Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan. The economy of the state is highly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism, and agriculture.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the third fastest growing economy in India?
A1: Himachal Pradesh
Q2: What is Himachal Pradesh ranked in the highest per capita of Indian States?
A2: fourth
Q3: What enables Himachal to sell hydroelectricity to other states?
A3: Abundance of perennial rivers
Q4: What three things is the economy of the state dependent on?
A4: hydroelectric power, tourism, and agriculture
Q5: What other Indian states does it sell hydroelectricity to?
A5: Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan
Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic
Topic: History

The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990.

Q1: How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?
A1: two-thirds
Q2: What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961?
A2: the United States and Saudi Arabia
Q3: How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974?
A3: 23,941,000
Q4: How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974?
A4: 475
Q5: In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974?
A5: 47
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

The economy of Tibet is dominated by subsistence agriculture, though tourism has become a growing industry in recent decades. The dominant religion in Tibet is Tibetan Buddhism; in addition there is Bön, which is similar to Tibetan Buddhism, and there are also Tibetan Muslims and Christian minorities. Tibetan Buddhism is a primary influence on the art, music, and festivals of the region. Tibetan architecture reflects Chinese and Indian influences. Staple foods in Tibet are roasted barley, yak meat, and butter tea.

Q1: What is the economy of Tibet dominated by?
A1: subsistence agriculture
Q2: What has recently become a growing industry in Tibet?
A2: tourism
Q3: What is the dominant religion in Tibet?
A3: Tibetan Buddhism
Q4: What is a staple food in Tibet?
A4: yak meat
Q5: Which two cultures does Tibetan architecture reflect?
A5: Chinese and Indian
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

The economy relies heavily on investment and support from Armenians abroad. Before independence, Armenia's economy was largely industry-based – chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile – and highly dependent on outside resources. The republic had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Recently, the Intel Corporation agreed to open a research center in Armenia, in addition to other technology companies, signalling the growth of the technology industry in Armenia.

Q1: What group is opening a research center in Armenia?
A1: Intel Corporation
Q2: As opposed to an industry-based economy, what industry is Armenia moving to?
A2: technology industry
Q3: The Arnmenian economy depends primarily on what?
A3: investment and support from Armenians abroad
Q4: What did Armenias industry-based economy consist of?
A4: chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The ecumenical movement has had an influence on mainline churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference. Its origins lay in the recognition of the need for cooperation on the mission field in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Since 1948, the World Council of Churches has been influential, but ineffective in creating a united church. There are also ecumenical bodies at regional, national and local levels across the globe; but schisms still far outnumber unifications. One, but not the only expression of the ecumenical movement, has been the move to form united churches, such as the Church of South India, the Church of North India, the US-based United Church of Christ, the United Church of Canada, the Uniting Church in Australia and the United Church of Christ in the Philippines which have rapidly declining memberships. There has been a strong engagement of Orthodox churches in the ecumenical movement, though the reaction of individual Orthodox theologians has ranged from tentative approval of the aim of Christian unity to outright condemnation of the perceived effect of watering down Orthodox doctrine.

Q1: What group has been unsuccessful in creating a unified church since 1948?
A1: the World Council of Churches
Q2: What conference was held in 1910?
A2: the Edinburgh Missionary Conference
Q3: What churches have been strongly engaged in the ecumenical movement?
A3: Orthodox
Q4: What have Orthodox churches condemned the perception of?
A4: watering down Orthodox doctrine
Q5: What types of churches have had rapidly declining memberships?
A5: united churches
Title: The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)
Topic: History

The editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75) was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy, may have helped The Sun to overtake the Daily Mirror's circulation in 1978. Despite the industrial relations of the 1970s – the so-called "Spanish practices" of the print unions – The Sun was very profitable, enabling Murdoch to expand his operations to the United States from 1973.

Q1: Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb?
A1: Bernard Shrimsley
Q2: What was Shrimsley's political background?
A2: middle-class uncommitted Conservative.
Q3: Who lent his voice to a campaign that aided The Sun in passing the Daily Mirror in 1978?
A3: Christopher Timothy
Q4: Where did Murdoch begin expanding?
A4: United States
Q5: When did Murdoch begin expanding into the U.S?
A5: 1973
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

The educational system of Myanmar is operated by the government agency, the Ministry of Education. The education system is based on the United Kingdom's system due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a recent increase in privately funded English language schools. Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school, approximately about 9 years old, while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level.

Q1: Who runs the school system in Myanmar ?
A1: the Ministry of Education
Q2: What country is Burma to credit for its academic system ?
A2: United Kingdom's
Q3: Why is this country so influential to the Burma academics ?
A3: due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar.
Q4: Are there any alternatives to the public school system in Burma ?
A4: privately funded English language schoo
Q5: Are children required to go to school or can they choose to stay at home and work ?
A5: Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

The effect of these differences was accentuated by the pre-war preparations. The Prussian General Staff had drawn up minutely detailed mobilization plans using the railway system, which in turn had been partly laid out in response to recommendations of a Railway Section within the General Staff. The French railway system, with multiple competing companies, had developed purely from commercial pressures and many journeys to the front in Alsace and Lorraine involved long diversions and frequent changes between trains. Furthermore, no system had been put in place for military control of the railways, and officers simply commandeered trains as they saw fit. Rail sidings and marshalling yards became choked with loaded wagons, with nobody responsible for unloading them or directing them to the destination.

Q1: The effect of German victory and ensuing influence stems back to what factor?
A1: pre-war preparations
Q2: What was the Prussian General staff quick to utilize at the onset of the war?
A2: detailed mobilization plans using the railway system
Q3: What was one factor behind the inefficiency of the French railway system?
A3: multiple competing companies
Q4: What factor especially affected travel to the front in Alsace and Lorraine?
A4: frequent changes between trains
Q5: Who was responsible for dealing with chaotic train yards and unloaded wagons?
A5: nobody
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

The effective area or effective aperture of a receiving antenna expresses the portion of the power of a passing electromagnetic wave which it delivers to its terminals, expressed in terms of an equivalent area. For instance, if a radio wave passing a given location has a flux of 1 pW / m2 (10−12 watts per square meter) and an antenna has an effective area of 12 m2, then the antenna would deliver 12 pW of RF power to the receiver (30 microvolts rms at 75 ohms). Since the receiving antenna is not equally sensitive to signals received from all directions, the effective area is a function of the direction to the source.

Q1: What is the portion of something that is reached by the radio transmission called?
A1: aperture
Q2: What is a measure of the power of an antenna?
A2: microvolts
Q3: What effects the function of signals received by an antenna?
A3: direction
Q4: How much power will be delivered to the reciever if the antenna has an effective area of 12 m/2?
A4: 12 pW of RF power
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and intellectual conservatism. But in spite of these difficulties, the Empire remained a major expansionist power until the Battle of Vienna in 1683, which marked the end of Ottoman expansion into Europe.

Q1: Poor rule by what class of people strained the empire?
A1: Sultans
Q2: Europeans gained on the Ottoman empire in what type of technology? 
A2: military technology
Q3: What types of conservative beliefs slowed the expansion of the empire?
A3: religious and intellectual
Q4: What battle took place in 1683?
A4: Battle of Vienna
Q5: The empire ceased its expansion into what area after a battle in 1683?
A5: Europe
Title: Sahara
Topic: Geography and places

The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.

Q1: What is blocked due to local surface low pressure?
A1: air ascent
Q2: What mountain helps enhance the aridity of the desert?
A2: Atlas Mountains
Q3: Where are the Atlas Mountains located?
A3: Algeria
Title: Antibiotics
Topic: History

The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the effect is mediated by an antibacterial compound he named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy. He initially characterized some of its biological properties, and attempted to use a crude preparation to treat some infections, but he was unable to pursue its further development without the aid of trained chemists.

Q1: What type of organism has been reported to have worked on infections?
A1: mold
Q2: Who noticed in a lab the antibacterial characteristics of mold?
A2: Alexander Fleming
Q3: What mold did Fleming notice had antibacterial properties?
A3: penicillin
Q4: What did Fleming initially think a good use would be for it?
A4: chemotherapy
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally ambiguous reply, stating that the "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers", the Emperor broadcast to the nation and to the world at large the rescript of surrender, ending the Second World War.

Q1: How did the Japanese refer to the atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion?
A1: "Twin Shocks"
Q2: When did Japan surrender?
A2: 15 August
Q3: What was the one condition Japan wanted before accepting the Potsdam terms?
A3: "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler"
Q4: What was the reply to Japan about the surrender condition?
A4: "authority" of the emperor "shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers"
Q5: What was it called when the Japanese Cabinet accepted the Potsdam terms?
A5: "sacred decision"
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

The efforts of military commanders to channel the divine will were on occasion less successful. In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, he threw them into the sea, "saying that they might drink, since they would not eat. He was defeated, and on being bidden by the senate to appoint a dictator, he appointed his messenger Glycias, as if again making a jest of his country's peril." His impiety not only lost the battle but ruined his career.

Q1: What general was consul in 249 BC?
A1: Publius Claudius Pulcher
Q2: What type of campaign did Publius fight?
A2: sea
Q3: What was Publius's critical mistake in his sea campaign?
A3: defiance of the omen
Q4: How did Publius fare in his battle?
A4: defeated
Q5: What was the cause of Publius's failures according to Roman feeling?
A5: impiety
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

The egalitarianism typical of human hunters and gatherers is never total, but is striking when viewed in an evolutionary context. One of humanity's two closest primate relatives, chimpanzees, are anything but egalitarian, forming themselves into hierarchies that are often dominated by an alpha male. So great is the contrast with human hunter-gatherers that it is widely argued by palaeoanthropologists that resistance to being dominated was a key factor driving the evolutionary emergence of human consciousness, language, kinship and social organization.

Q1: How is it interesting to view hunter-gatherers' egalitarianism?
A1: in an evolutionary context
Q2: What do chimpanzees act like as pertains to being egalitarianism?
A2: anything but egalitarian
Q3: How do chimpanzees arrange themselves in a group setting?
A3: into hierarchies
Q4: What is the dominate one in a chimpanzee group?
A4: alpha male
Title: Warsaw_Pact
Topic: History

The eight member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked. Relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual non-intervention in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for national sovereignty, and political independence. However, almost all governments of those member states were indirectly controlled by the Soviet Union.

Q1: How many countries formed the initial Warsaw Pact membership?
A1: eight
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion (the neocerebellum) dedicated to supporting the cerebral cortex, which has no counterpart in other vertebrates.

Q1: The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates?
A1: visual
Q2: The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what?
A2: (the neocerebellum
Q3: The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain?
A3: cerebral cortex
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party. Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections. One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it and the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal. However, immediately following the elections, the government ended the house arrest of the democracy advocate and leader of the National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, and her ability to move freely around the country is considered an important test of the military's movement toward more openness. After unexpected reforms in 2011, NLD senior leaders have decided to register as a political party and to field candidates in future by-elections.

Q1: What was the name of the winning unit in the 2010 elections in Burma ?
A1: The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party
Q2: Were the elections held in an unbiased manner Burma in 2010 ? 
A2: Various foreign observers questioned the fairness of the elections.
Q3: What were some of the opinions foreign advisers stated about the Burma 2010 elections ?
A3: One criticism of the election was that only government sanctioned political parties were allowed to contest in it
Q4: What was the Burmese official decision concerning the legitimacy of National League for Democracy in 2010 ?
A4: the popular National League for Democracy was declared illegal
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

The electrolysis of water is a simple method of producing hydrogen. A low voltage current is run through the water, and gaseous oxygen forms at the anode while gaseous hydrogen forms at the cathode. Typically the cathode is made from platinum or another inert metal when producing hydrogen for storage. If, however, the gas is to be burnt on site, oxygen is desirable to assist the combustion, and so both electrodes would be made from inert metals. (Iron, for instance, would oxidize, and thus decrease the amount of oxygen given off.) The theoretical maximum efficiency (electricity used vs. energetic value of hydrogen produced) is in the range 80–94%.

Q1: What is an easy way to produce hydrogen?
A1: electrolysis of water
Q2: Where does the gaseous oxygen form at?
A2: anode
Q3: Where does the gaseous hydrogen form at?
A3: cathode
Title: House_music
Topic: Music

The electronic instrumentation and minimal arrangement of Charanjit Singh's Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat (1982), an album of Indian ragas performed in a disco style, anticipated the sounds of acid house music, but it is not known to have had any influence on the genre prior to the album's rediscovery in the 21st century.

Q1: What was the name of Charanjit Singh's 1982 album?
A1: Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat
Q2: What did Singh's album contain?
A2: Indian ragas performed in a disco style
Q3: What year was synthesizing: ten ragas to a disco beat released?
A3: 1982
Q4: What sort of arrangement did Charanjit Singh use on his 1982 album?
A4: minimal arrangement
Title: Zinc
Topic: Unknown

The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resistant zinc plating of iron (hot-dip galvanizing) is the major application for zinc. Other applications are in batteries, small non-structural castings, and alloys, such as brass. A variety of zinc compounds are commonly used, such as zinc carbonate and zinc gluconate (as dietary supplements), zinc chloride (in deodorants), zinc pyrithione (anti-dandruff shampoos), zinc sulfide (in luminescent paints), and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory.

Q1: Who named the element zinc?
A1: Paracelsus
Q2: What was zinc named after?
A2: Zinke
Q3: Who is credited with discovering zinc?
A3: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf
Q4: What two people discovered the electrochemical properties of zinc?
A4: Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta
Q5: Where can you find zinc chloride?
A5: deodorants
Q6: Who is credited as giving zinc its name?
A6: Paracelsus
Q7: What does the name zinc or zinke mean?
A7: (prong, tooth)
Q8: Who discovered pure metallic zinc?
A8: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf
Q9: What is the most common use for zinc?
A9: (hot-dip galvanizing
Q10: What is a common use for zinc chloride?
A10: deodorants
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

The elevator motor was located at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft. Pushing the handle forward would cause the cab to rise; backwards would make it sink. The harder the pressure, the faster the elevator would move. The handle also served as a dead man switch: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop. In time, safety interlocks would ensure that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move.

Q1: Where is the elevator motor found?
A1: at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft
Q2: Moving the helve forward causes the cab to do what?
A2: to rise
Q3: The more pressure applied to the handle caused what?
A3: the faster the elevator would move
Q4: Why was the handle considered a "dead man switch"?
A4: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop
Q5: Eventually safety locks were used to guarantee what?
A5: that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move
Title: Zhejiang
Topic: Geography and places

The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (36 districts, 20 county-level cities, 33 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,570 township-level divisions (761 towns, 505 townships, 14 ethnic townships, and 290 subdistricts). Hengdian belongs to Jinhua, which is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China. Hengdian is called "China's Hollywood".

Q1: How many prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?
A1: eleven
Q2: How many county-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?
A2: 90
Q3: How many township-level divisions of Zhejiang are there?
A3: 1,570
Q4: What is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China?
A4: Jinhua
Q5: What is called 'China's Hollywood'?
A5: Hengdian
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The eligible age-range for contestants is currently fifteen to twenty-eight years old. The initial age limit was sixteen to twenty-four in the first three seasons, but the upper limit was raised to twenty-eight in season four, and the lower limit was reduced to fifteen in season ten. The contestants must be legal U.S. residents, cannot have advanced to particular stages of the competition in previous seasons (varies depending on the season, currently by the semi-final stage until season thirteen), and must not hold any current recording or talent representation contract by the semi-final stage (in previous years by the audition stage).

Q1: What is the upper age limit for contestants on American Idol?
A1: twenty-eight
Q2: When was the age limit increased to 28?
A2: season four
Q3: Currently, contestants can not have a recording track by what stage of the competition? 
A3: semi-final stage
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon. The removal of wolves had a direct effect on beaver populations, as their habitat became territory for grazing. Furthermore, predation keeps hydrological features such as creeks and streams in normal working order. Increased browsing on willows and conifers along Blacktail Creek due to a lack of predation caused channel incision because they helped slow the water down and hold the soil in place.

Q1: What animal's food sources were greatly affected with the loss of wolves in Yellowstone National Park?
A1: beavers
Q2: Broader ecological impacts can occur when an apex predator is removed, in the case of Yellowstone, this includes alteration to the?
A2: hydrological features
Q3: Loose soil from lack of trees along the river bed resulted in?
A3: channel incision
Q4: The removal of what animal from Yellowstonw National Park affected beaver populations?
A4: wolves
Q5: How did the removal of wolves from Yellowstone affect beaver habitats?
A5: habitat became territory for grazing.
Q6: Why were plant populations affected after wolves were eliminated from Yellowstone?
A6: Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species
Q7: How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well?
A7: wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilizations including Elam, Jiroft, and Zayande River. Elam, the most prominent of these civilizations, developed in the southwest of Iran, alongside those in Mesopotamia. The emergence of writing in Elam was paralleled to Sumer, and the Elamite cuneiform was developed since the 3rd millennium BC.

Q1: What ancient city dates back as early as 4395 BC in Iran?
A1: Susa
Q2: How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau?
A2: the 4th millennium BC
Q3: During what Age was Iran the site of several of these ancient civilizations?
A3: Bronze Age
Q4: Which ancient civilization in Iran during the 4th Millenium was the most prominent?
A4: Elam
Q5: Elam's writing system had paralleled Sumer's cuneiform since what era?
A5: the 3rd millennium BC
Title: Hindu_philosophy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge. These focussed on jnana (knowledge) driven aspects of the Vedic religion and the Upanishads. This included metaphysical concepts such as ātman and Brahman, and emphasized meditation, self-discipline, self-knowledge and abstract spirituality, rather than ritualism. The Upanishads were variously interpreted by ancient and medieval era Vedanta scholars. Consequently, the Vedanta separated into many sub-schools, ranging from theistic dualism to non-theistic monism, each interpreting the texts in its own way and producing its own series of sub-commentaries.

Q1: What did the Vedanta school represent in Hindu philosophy?
A1: knowledge-centered understanding
Q2: On what aspects of Vedic did the Vedanta understanding focus?
A2: jnana
Q3: On what did the Vedanta school lessen focus?
A3: ritualism
Q4: Due to differences in text interpretations,into  what did the Vedanta school separate?
A4: many sub-schools
Q5: What metaphysical concepts were included in the Vedanta school? 
A5: ātman and Brahman