LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Annelid
Topic: Natural sciences

Since annelids are soft-bodied, their fossils are rare. Polychaetes' fossil record consists mainly of the jaws that some species had and the mineralized tubes that some secreted. Some Ediacaran fossils such as Dickinsonia in some ways resemble polychaetes, but the similarities are too vague for these fossils to be classified with confidence. The small shelly fossil Cloudina, from 549 to 542 million years ago, has been classified by some authors as an annelid, but by others as a cnidarian (i.e. in the phylum to which jellyfish and sea anemones belong). Until 2008 the earliest fossils widely accepted as annelids were the polychaetes Canadia and Burgessochaeta, both from Canada's Burgess Shale, formed about 505 million years ago in the early Cambrian. Myoscolex, found in Australia and a little older than the Burgess Shale, was possibly an annelid. However, it lacks some typical annelid features and has features which are not usually found in annelids and some of which are associated with other phyla. Then Simon Conway Morris and John Peel reported Phragmochaeta from Sirius Passet, about 518 million years old, and concluded that it was the oldest annelid known to date. There has been vigorous debate about whether the Burgess Shale fossil Wiwaxia was a mollusc or an annelid. Polychaetes diversified in the early Ordovician, about 488 to 474 million years ago. It is not until the early Ordovician that the first annelid jaws are found, thus the crown-group cannot have appeared before this date and probably appeared somewhat later. By the end of the Carboniferous, about 299 million years ago, fossils of most of the modern mobile polychaete groups had appeared. Many fossil tubes look like those made by modern sessile polychaetes  , but the first tubes clearly produced by polychaetes date from the Jurassic, less than 199 million years ago.

Q1: When did Cloudina exist?
A1: 549 to 542 million years ago
Q2: What do some people think Cloudina should be called instead of an annelid?
A2: cnidarian
Q3: How old were the fossils of Canadia and Burgessochaeta found in Canada?
A3: 505 million years
Q4: What era was underway 505 million years ago?
A4: early Cambrian
Q5: Where was Myoscolex found?
A5: Australia
Title: New_Haven,_Connecticut
Topic: Geography and places

Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.

Q1: In approximately what year did revitalization most recently begin to occur in downtown New Haven?
A1: 2000
Q2: What specific area of downtown New Haven enjoyed a notable increase in apartments in condominiums at the beginning of the current century?
A2: the area surrounding the New Haven Green
Q3: What specific service sector has substantially increased in downtown New Haven in recent years?
A3: retail
Q4: In addition to Stop & Shop, what new supermarket is located one block from the Green and is poised to serve the growing downtown population?
A4: Elm City Market
Q5: In the 21st Century what has happen to most of Downtown New Haven in terms of retail?
A5: the opening of new stores
Q6: How has the media perceive most of these changes to the Downtown area?
A6: positive press from various periodicals.
Q7: What has happen in New Haven Green during the 2000s?
A7: experienced an influx of apartments
Q8: Including to the growth, what market chain have expanded nearby Downtown New Haven?
A8: Stop & Shop
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Since at least the time of the Ancient Greeks, a proportion of Jews have assimilated into the wider non-Jewish society around them, by either choice or force, ceasing to practice Judaism and losing their Jewish identity. Assimilation took place in all areas, and during all time periods, with some Jewish communities, for example the Kaifeng Jews of China, disappearing entirely. The advent of the Jewish Enlightenment of the 18th century (see Haskalah) and the subsequent emancipation of the Jewish populations of Europe and America in the 19th century, accelerated the situation, encouraging Jews to increasingly participate in, and become part of, secular society. The result has been a growing trend of assimilation, as Jews marry non-Jewish spouses and stop participating in the Jewish community.

Q1: When did the advent of the Jewish Enlightenment occur?
A1: 18th century
Q2: What was a result of the Jewish Enlightenment?
A2: growing trend of assimilation
Q3: Name a Jewish community that disappeared entirely?
A3: Kaifeng Jews of China
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th century, toxic chemicals such as arsenic, mercury, and lead were being applied to crops to kill pests. In the 17th century, nicotine sulfate was extracted from tobacco leaves for use as an insecticide. The 19th century saw the introduction of two more natural pesticides, pyrethrum, which is derived from chrysanthemums, and rotenone, which is derived from the roots of tropical vegetables. Until the 1950s, arsenic-based pesticides were dominant. Paul Müller discovered that DDT was a very effective insecticide. Organochlorines such as DDT were dominant, but they were replaced in the U.S. by organophosphates and carbamates by 1975. Since then, pyrethrin compounds have become the dominant insecticide. Herbicides became common in the 1960s, led by "triazine and other nitrogen-based compounds, carboxylic acids such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate".

Q1: What is the earliest records of humans using pesticides?
A1: before 2000 BC
Q2: What was used as a insecticide in the 17th century?
A2: nicotine sulfate
Q3: What decade did herbicides become common?
A3: 1960s
Q4: Who can be credited with finding out DDT is useful as an insecticide?
A4: Paul Müller
Q5: What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate?
A5: tobacco leaves
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

Since birds are highly visible and common animals, humans have had a relationship with them since the dawn of man. Sometimes, these relationships are mutualistic, like the cooperative honey-gathering among honeyguides and African peoples such as the Borana. Other times, they may be commensal, as when species such as the house sparrow have benefited from human activities. Several bird species have become commercially significant agricultural pests, and some pose an aviation hazard. Human activities can also be detrimental, and have threatened numerous bird species with extinction (hunting, avian lead poisoning, pesticides, roadkill, and predation by pet cats and dogs are common sources of death for birds).

Q1: Why have humans had a relationship with birds since the dawn of man?
A1: Since birds are highly visible and common animals
Q2: What is it called when the house sparrow has benefited from human activity?
A2: commensal
Q3: What have threatened numerous bird species with extinction?
A3: Human activities
Title: Pesticide
Topic: Natural sciences

Since chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides dissolve in fats and are not excreted, organisms tend to retain them almost indefinitely. Biological magnification is the process whereby these chlorinated hydrocarbons (pesticides) are more concentrated at each level of the food chain. Among marine animals, pesticide concentrations are higher in carnivorous fishes, and even more so in the fish-eating birds and mammals at the top of the ecological pyramid. Global distillation is the process whereby pesticides are transported from warmer to colder regions of the Earth, in particular the Poles and mountain tops. Pesticides that evaporate into the atmosphere at relatively high temperature can be carried considerable distances (thousands of kilometers) by the wind to an area of lower temperature, where they condense and are carried back to the ground in rain or snow.

Q1: Why are hydrocarbon pesticides not excreted?
A1: dissolve in fats
Q2: How are levels of pesticides higher going up the food chain?
A2: Biological magnification
Q3: The movement of pesticides from wawrme to cooler climates is called what?
A3: Global distillation
Q4: How could pesticides travel over hundreds of miles?
A4: the wind
Title: Genome
Topic: Natural sciences

Since genomes are very complex, one research strategy is to reduce the number of genes in a genome to the bare minimum and still have the organism in question survive. There is experimental work being done on minimal genomes for single cell organisms as well as minimal genomes for multi-cellular organisms (see Developmental biology). The work is both in vivo and in silico.

Q1: What is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live?
A1: minimal genomes
Q2: In what experimental contexts are experiments being carried out on minimal genomes?
A2: in vivo and in silico
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

Since incandescent light bulbs use more energy than alternatives such as CFLs and LED lamps, many governments have introduced measures to ban their use, by setting minimum efficacy standards higher than can be achieved by incandescent lamps. Measures to ban light bulbs have been implemented in the European Union, the United States, Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and Australia, among others. In the Europe the EC has calculated that the ban contributes 5 to 10 billion euros to the economy and saves 40 TWh of electricity every year, translating in CO2 emission reductions of 15 million tonnes.

Q1: Do incandescent light bulbs use more or less energy as compared to CFLs and LED lamps?
A1: more
Q2: How much does the incandescent light ban in Europe contribute to the economy each year?
A2: 5 to 10 billion euros
Q3: How much energy does the incandescent light ban in Europe save each year?
A3: 40 TWh of electricity
Q4: How much CO2 emissions does the incandescent light ban in Europe save each year?
A4: 15 million tonnes
Q5: How are laws written that bring about a ban of incandescent light bulbs?
A5: by setting minimum efficacy standards higher than can be achieved by incandescent lamps
Title: Namibia
Topic: Social sciences and society

Since independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy. Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly. Several registered political parties are active and represented in the National Assembly, although the Swapo Party has won every election since independence. The transition from the 15-year rule of President Sam Nujoma to his successor Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2005 went smoothly.

Q1: What did Namibia transition to after white minority apartheid rule?
A1: parliamentary democracy
Q2: What type of independence was introduced in Namibia after independence? 
A2: Multiparty democracy
Q3: What party has won every election in Namibia?
A3: Swapo Party
Q4: How long did president Same Nujoma rule?
A4: 15-year
Q5: Who succeeded Sam Nujoma?
A5: Hifikepunye Pohamba
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

Since it was quite easy to stack interconnections (wires) inside the embedding matrix, the approach allowed designers to forget completely about the routing of wires (usually a time-consuming operation of PCB design): Anywhere the designer needs a connection, the machine will draw a wire in straight line from one location/pin to another. This led to very short design times (no complex algorithms to use even for high density designs) as well as reduced crosstalk (which is worse when wires run parallel to each other—which almost never happens in Multiwire), though the cost is too high to compete with cheaper PCB technologies when large quantities are needed.

Q1: What arduous aspect of the process can designers skip in Multiwire?
A1: routing of wires
Q2: What does the machine create by drawing a straight line between two points on the board?
A2: a connection
Q3: Along with quick design times, what problem does Multiwire cut down on?
A3: crosstalk
Q4: What makes Multiwire impractical to use when large quantities of a board are needed?
A4: cost
Q5: In simple language, what are the interconnections in an embedding matrix?
A5: wires
Title: Biodiversity
Topic: Natural sciences

Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Q1: How many mass extinctions have happened since Life began on Earth?
A1: five major mass extinctions
Q2: When was the period where the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared?
A2: the Cambrian explosion
Q3: What happened in the Carboniferous?
A3: rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life.
Q4: When was the Permian–Triassic extinction event?
A4: 251 million years ago
Q5: How long did vertebrate recovery take?
A5: 30 million years
Title: General_Electric
Topic: Engineering and technology

Since over half of GE's revenue is derived from financial services, it is arguably a financial company with a manufacturing arm. It is also one of the largest lenders in countries other than the United States, such as Japan. Even though the first wave of conglomerates (such as ITT Corporation, Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco, etc.) fell by the wayside by the mid-1980s, in the late 1990s, another wave (consisting of Westinghouse, Tyco, and others) tried and failed to emulate GE's success.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the business source of the majority of GE's revenues?
A1: financial services
Q2: In what other country besides the US does GE provide lending services?
A2: Japan
Q3: How much of GE's revenues is derived from the financial services it provides?
A3: over half
Q4: Besides ITT Corporation, which two companies tried to emulate GE, but failed by the mid-1980's?
A4: Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

Since playing Pong while filming Jaws in 1974, Spielberg has been an avid video gamer. Spielberg played many of LucasArts adventure games, including the first Monkey Island games. He owns a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360, and enjoys playing first-person shooters such as the Medal of Honor series and Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare. He has also criticized the use of cut scenes in games, calling them intrusive, and feels making story flow naturally into the gameplay is a challenge for future game developers.

Q1: What was the first video game Spielberg played?
A1: Pong
Q2: When did Spielberg first play a video game?
A2: 1974
Q3: What movie was Spielberg working on when he first played Pong?
A3: Jaws
Q4: What game consoles does Spielberg own?
A4: a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360
Q5: How does Spielberg feel about cutscenes in games?
A5: intrusive
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Since re-establishing independence, Estonia has styled itself as the gateway between East and West and aggressively pursued economic reform and integration with the West. Estonia's market reforms put it among the economic leaders in the former COMECON area.[citation needed] In 1994, based on the economic theories of Milton Friedman, Estonia became one of the first countries to adopt a flat tax, with a uniform rate of 26% regardless of personal income. In January 2005, the personal income tax rate was reduced to 24%. Another reduction to 23% followed in January 2006. The income tax rate was decreased to 21% by January 2008. The Government of Estonia finalised the design of Estonian euro coins in late 2004, and adopted the euro as the country's currency on 1 January 2011, later than planned due to continued high inflation. A Land Value Tax is levied which is used to fund local municipalities. It is a state level tax, however 100% of the revenue is used to fund Local Councils. The rate is set by the Local Council within the limits of 0.1–2.5%. It is one of the most important sources of funding for municipalities. The Land Value Tax is levied on the value of the land only with improvements and buildings not considered. Very few exemptions are considered on the land value tax and even public institutions are subject to the tax. The tax has contributed to a high rate (~90%) of owner-occupied residences within Estonia, compared to a rate of 67.4% in the United States.

Q1: What Estonia view itself as after winning independence?
A1: the gateway between East and West
Q2: What year did Estonia establish a flat tax?
A2: 1994
Q3: Who was the source of influence for the flat tax?
A3: Milton Friedman
Q4: What was tax rate imposed on the personal income?
A4: a uniform rate of 26%
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Since regaining independence, Estonia has pursued a foreign policy of close co-operation with its Western European partners. The two most important policy objectives in this regard have been accession into NATO and the European Union, achieved in March and May 2004 respectively. Estonia's international realignment toward the West has been accompanied by a general deterioration in relations with Russia, most recently demonstrated by the protest triggered by the controversial relocation of the Bronze Soldier World War II memorial in Tallinn.

Q1: What type of foreign policy has Estonia sought after getting their independence?
A1: close co-operation
Q2: What were the most important foreign policy priorities?
A2: accession into NATO and the European Union
Q3: What trend has accompanied Estonia's cooperation with Western powers?
A3: deterioration in relations with Russia
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

Since the 16th century, the city has had a bear pit, the Bärengraben, at the far end of the Nydeggbrücke to house its heraldic animals. The currently four bears are now kept in an open-air enclosure nearby, and two other young bears, a present by the Russian president, are kept in Dählhölzli zoo.

Q1: What is the Barengraben?
A1: a bear pit
Q2: Where is the Barengraben located?
A2: the far end of the Nydeggbrücke
Q3: What are held at the Barengraben?
A3: heraldic animals
Q4: Who gave Bern their bears?
A4: the Russian president
Q5: What zoo are the bears of Bern kept?
A5: Dählhölzli zoo
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Since the 1970s, an important focus of study has been the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica. In 1985, three British scientists working on data they had gathered at Halley Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf discovered the existence of a hole in this layer. It was eventually determined that the destruction of the ozone was caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emitted by human products. With the ban of CFCs in the Montreal Protocol of 1989, climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070.

Q1: What has been an important atmospheric study since the 1970s?
A1: ozone layer
Q2: Where in Antarctica is Halley Station?
A2: Brunt Ice Shelf
Q3: When did scientists discover the hole in the ozone layer?
A3: 1985
Q4: What chemical was discovered to have caused the hole in the ozone?
A4: chlorofluorocarbons
Q5: What agreement banned the use of CFC s?
A5: Montreal Protocol
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

Since the 1979 Revolution, to overcome foreign embargoes, Iran has developed its own military industry, produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, military vessels, guided missile destroyer, radar systems, helicopters and fighter planes. In recent years, official announcements have highlighted the development of weapons such as the Hoot, Kowsar, Zelzal, Fateh-110, Shahab-3 and Sejjil missiles, and a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Fajr-3 (MIRV) is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile, it is a liquid fuel missile with an undisclosed range which was developed and produced domestically.

Q1: What is Iran's most advanced missile?
A1: The Fajr-3 (MIRV)
Q2: Since when has Iran developed its domestic military infrastructure?
A2: 1979 Revolution
Q3: Why did Iran have to build its own military hardware, vehicles, and weapons after the 1979 Revolution?
A3: foreign embargoes
Q4: The Fajr-3 missile uses what type of propulsion system?
A4: liquid fuel
Title: Anthropology
Topic: Social sciences and society

Since the 1980s it has become common for social and cultural anthropologists to set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region, frequently examining the connections between locations rather than limiting research to a single locale. There has also been a related shift toward broadening the focus beyond the daily life of ordinary people; increasingly, research is set in settings such as scientific laboratories, social movements, governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses.

Q1: What has become common for social anthropologists to do since the 1980s?
A1: set ethnographic research in the North Atlantic region
Q2: Setting research in the North Atlantic region allows looking at connections between locations rather than being limited to what?
A2: research to a single locale
Q3: What has there been a shift toward broadening the focus beyond?
A3: daily life of ordinary people
Q4: What setting have anthropologists done more research in recently?
A4: scientific laboratories
Q5: Governmental and nongovernmental organizations and businesses are all settings which are fair game to do what in?
A5: research
Title: Architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an increased separation of the 'design' architect [Notes 1] from the 'project' architect who ensures that the project meets the required standards and deals with matters of liability.[Notes 2] The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated, and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability, sustainability, quality, money, and compliance with local laws. A large structure can no longer be the design of one person but must be the work of many. Modernism and Postmodernism have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel that successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it has to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to create liveable environments, with the design process being informed by studies of behavioral, environmental, and social sciences.

Q1: About when did architecture begin specializing?
A1: Since the 1980s
Q2: Who can no longer design a large structure?
A2: one person
Q3: What two architectural movements have come under criticism for their focus on individuality? 
A3: Modernism and Postmodernism
Title: Comprehensive_school
Topic: Social sciences and society

Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of "school choice" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original "neighbourhood comprehensive" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down. Government policy is currently promoting 'specialisation' whereby parents choose a secondary school appropriate for their child's interests and skills. Most initiatives focus on parental choice and information, implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools. This logic has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance.

Q1: What law enables parents full control over their child's education?
A1: Education Reform Act
Q2: In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law?
A2: 1988
Q3: What concept does the government currently support for education?
A3: specialisation
Q4: Parental choice has informed what controversial practice?
A4: league tables of school performance
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Since the 1990s food has become a more important part of a pub's trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to (or instead of) snacks consumed at the bar. They may have a separate dining room. Some pubs serve meals to a higher standard, to match good restaurant standards; these are sometimes termed gastropubs.

Q1: During what decade did food become an important aspect of a pub's business?
A1: the 1990s
Q2: Along with dinners, what meals do modern pubs often serve?
A2: lunches
Q3: What is a term for pubs that serve restaurant-quality food?
A3: gastropubs
Q4: Other than the bar, in what room might patrons of a pub eat?
A4: dining room
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

Since the 1990s, there has been consolidation in New Zealand's state-owned tertiary education system. In the polytechnic sector: Wellington Polytechnic amalgamated with Massey University. The Central Institute of Technology explored a merger with the Waikato Institute of Technology, which was abandoned, but later, after financial concerns, controversially amalgamated with Hutt Valley Polytechnic, which in turn became Wellington Institute of Technology. Some smaller polytechnics in the North Island, such as Waiarapa Polytechnic, amalgamated with UCOL. (The only other amalgamations have been in the colleges of education.)

Q1: What school did Massey University combine with?
A1: Wellington Polytechnic
Q2: In what decade did New Zealand's tertiary education institutions begin consolidation?
A2: 1990s
Q3: What school considered a merger with Waikato Institute of Technology that was later abandoned?
A3: Central Institute of Technology
Q4: What island was Waiarapa Polytechnic located on before it merged with UCOL?
A4: North Island
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Since the 19th century, many if not all presidents were assisted by a central figure or "gatekeeper", sometimes described as the President's Private Secretary, sometimes with no official title at all. Eisenhower formalized this role, introducing the office of White House Chief of Staff – an idea he borrowed from the United States Army. Every president after Lyndon Johnson has also appointed staff to this position. Initially, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter tried to operate without a chief of staff, but each eventually appointed one.

Q1: From where did Eisenhower get the idea of a White House Chief of Staff?
A1: United States Army
Q2: Who was the last president not to appoint a Chief of Staff?
A2: Lyndon Johnson
Q3: Along with Ford, what president initially didn't appoint a Chief of Staff but later did?
A3: Jimmy Carter
Q4: What 19th century informal political office did the modern role of White House Chief of Staff correspond to?
A4: President's Private Secretary
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-fifth of the population of France. The administrative region covers 12,012 km² (4,638 mi²), with approximately 12 million inhabitants as of 2014, and has its own regional council and president.

Q1: What is the aggregate population of Paris?
A1: 10,550,350
Q2: From what census is this information from?
A2: 2012 census
Q3: What is the population of Paris' metropolitan area?
A3: 12,341,418
Q4: How many kilometers does the administrative region cover?
A4: 12,012 km²
Q5: As of 2014 how many inhabitants lived in the administrative region?
A5: 12 million
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed. In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the BBC, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.

Q1: What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?
A1: 2006
Q2: What year did BBC reveal that Germany is the most positive influence in the world?
A2: 2010
Q3: what percentage have a negative view of Germany?
A3: 14%
Q4: What percentage of people have a positive view of Germany?
A4: 59
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

Since the 2010 election, the government has embarked on a series of reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy, a mixed economy, and reconciliation, although doubts persist about the motives that underpin such reforms. The series of reforms includes the release of pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest, the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission, the granting of general amnesties for more than 200 political prisoners, new labour laws that permit labour unions and strikes, a relaxation of press censorship, and the regulation of currency practices.

Q1: In what direction is the government of Burma ultimately attempting to go?
A1: reforms to direct the country towards liberal democracy
Q2: What type of economy is Burma attempting to reach?
A2: a mixed economy
Q3: Where was  Aung San Suu Kyi confined during his imprisonment in Burma ?
A3: house arrest
Q4: What happened to the political prisoner being held in Burma ?
A4: granting of general amnesties for more than 200 political prisoners
Q5: Are groups who represent workers allowed to express their opinions in protest in Burma?
A5: new labour laws that permit labour unions and strikes
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

Since the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931, the all Commonwealth realms have been sovereign kingdoms, the monarch and governors-general acting solely on the advice of the local ministers who generally maintain the support of the legislature and are the ones who secure the passage of bills. They, therefore, are unlikely to advise the sovereign or his or her representative to withhold assent. The power to withhold the royal assent was exercised by Alberta's lieutenant governor, John C. Bowen, in 1937, in respect of three bills passed in the legislature dominated by William Aberhart's Social Credit party. Two bills sought to put banks under the authority of the province, thereby interfering with the federal government's powers. The third, the Accurate News and Information Bill, purported to force newspapers to print government rebuttals to stories to which the provincial cabinet objected. The unconstitutionality of all three bills was later confirmed by the Supreme Court of Canada and by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

Q1: What two documents declared all Commonwealth realms as sovereign kingdoms?
A1: Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster 1931
Q2: Who exercised the power to withold royal assent in Alberta in 1937?
A2: John C. Bowen
Q3: What the did Accurate News and Information Bill hope to accomplish?
A3: force newspapers to print government rebuttals to stories to which the provincial cabinet objected
Q4: Who decided the unconstitutionality of three bills brought forth by the Social Credit party?
A4: Supreme Court of Canada and by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.

Q1: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?
A1: 1974
Q2: What period followed the Carnation Revolution?
A2: PREC period
Q3: Since the 90's, how has Portugal's economic development model been changing?
A3: changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector
Q4: What are the more traditional industries that have existed in Portugal?
A4: textiles, clothing, footwear and cork
Q5: What is Portugal the world's leading producer of?
A5: cork
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Since the Industrial Revolution some two hundred years ago, the food processing industry has invented many technologies that both help keep foods fresh longer and alter the fresh state of food as they appear in nature. Cooling is the primary technology used to maintain freshness, whereas many more technologies have been invented to allow foods to last longer without becoming spoiled. These latter technologies include pasteurisation, autoclavation, drying, salting, and separation of various components, all of which appearing to alter the original nutritional contents of food. Pasteurisation and autoclavation (heating techniques) have no doubt improved the safety of many common foods, preventing epidemics of bacterial infection. But some of the (new) food processing technologies have downfalls as well.

Q1: When did the Industrial Revolution roughly begin?
A1: two hundred years ago
Q2: Apart from altering the state of food, what is the other main focus in technology increases for the food processing industry?
A2: keep foods fresh longer
Q3: Which technology is primarily responsible for helping keep food fresh?
A3: Cooling
Q4: Pasteurisation is an an example of a technology that aims to do what to food?
A4: last longer without becoming spoiled
Q5: Pasteurisation and autoclavation are examples of what kind of technique?
A5: heating
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

Since the Kallikratis programme reform entered into effect on 1 January 2011, Greece has consisted of thirteen regions subdivided into a total of 325 municipalities. The 54 old prefectures and prefecture-level administrations have been largely retained as sub-units of the regions. Seven decentralized administrations group one to three regions for administrative purposes on a regional basis. There is also one autonomous area, Mount Athos (Greek: Agio Oros, "Holy Mountain"), which borders the region of Central Macedonia.

Q1: How many regions exist in Greece since 2011?
A1: thirteen
Q2: How many municipalities exist in Greece? 
A2: 325
Q3: What went into effect on January 1, 2011?
A3: Kallikratis programme reform
Q4: What is the one autonomous area in Greece?
A4: Mount Athos
Q5: Where is Mount Athos located?
A5: borders the region of Central Macedonia
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

Since the MAPS projects' completion, the downtown area has seen continued development. Several downtown buildings are undergoing renovation/restoration. Notable among these was the restoration of the Skirvin Hotel in 2007. The famed First National Center is being renovated.

Q1: When was the Skirvin Hotel Renovated?
A1: 2007
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

Since the Middle Ages, the Galician Catholic Church has been organized into five ecclesiastical dioceses (Lugo, Ourense, Santiago de Compostela, Mondoñedo-Ferrol and Tui-Vigo). While these may have coincided with contemporary 15th-century civil provinces, they no longer have the same boundaries as the modern civil provincial divisions. The church is led by one archbishop and four bishops. Moreover, of five dioceses, Galicia is divided between 163 districts and 3,792 parishes, a few of which are governed by administrators, the remainder by parish priests.

Q1: Which church has had a large influence over Galicia since the Middle Ages?
A1: Catholic Church
Q2: Which five positions are held by church leaders?
A2: one archbishop and four bishops
Title: Thuringia
Topic: History

Since the Protestant Reformation, the most prominent Christian denomination in Thuringia has been Lutheranism. During the GDR period, church membership was discouraged and has continued shrinking since the reunification in 1990. Today over two thirds of the population is non-religious. The Protestant Evangelical Church in Germany has had the largest number of members in the state, adhered to by 24.0% of the population in 2009. Members of the Catholic Church formed 7.8% of the population, while 68.2% of Thuringians were non-religious or adhere to other faiths. The highest Protestant concentrations are in the small villages of southern and western Thuringia, whereas the bigger cities are even more non-religious (up to 88% in Gera). Catholic regions are the Eichsfeld in the northwest and parts of the Rhön Mountains around Geisa in the southwest. Protestant church membership is shrinking rapidly, whereas the Catholic Church is somewhat more stable because of Catholic migration from Poland, Southern Europe and West Germany. Other religions play no significant role in Thuringia. There are only a few thousand Muslims (largely migrants) and about 750 Jews (mostly migrants from Russia) living in Thuringia. Furthermore, there are some Orthodox communities of Eastern European migrants and some traditional Protestant Free churches in Thuringia without any societal influence.

Q1: What is the most common Christian denomination in Thuringia? 
A1: Lutheranism
Q2: How much of the Thuringia population is non-religious?
A2: Today over two thirds of the population
Q3: Which church in the state has the largest amount of members?
A3: The Protestant Evangelical Church in Germany
Q4: How much of the Thuringia population are Catholic?
A4: 7.8% of the population
Q5: How many Jews live in Thuringia?
A5: 750 Jews
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students.  There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan.

Q1: Since the transition what language has been proclaimed mandatory in schools?
A1: Catalan
Q2: Where is the teaching of Catalan mandatory?
A2: in all schools
Q3: Since the transition, what is the official language?
A3: Catalan
Q4: Besides as an official  and an educational language, where else is Catalan the prefered language?
A4: mass media
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. There is no parallel in Europe of such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community.

Q1: What happened in 1975-1982?
A1: Spanish transition to democracy
Q2: What has this official language state done for Catalan?
A2: increased prestige
Q3: Where is there nothing like this non-state speech community?
A3: Europe
Q4: Besides being the official language and language of education, what other group uses Catalan?
A4: mass media
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has been an industrial centre for textiles and minting owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming dynasty, Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and the world. It led in textiles, minting, printing, shipbuilding and many other industries, and was the busiest business center in East Asia. Textiles boomed particularly in Qing dynasty, the industry created around 200 thousand jobs and there were about 50 thousand satin machines in the city in 18th and 19th century.

Q1: In addition to textiles, what other industry is Nanjing known for, since the Three Kingdoms period?
A1: minting
Q2: Why is Nanjing so strong in textiles and minting?
A2: its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation
Q3: During what dynasty was Nanjing the biggest business center in all of East Asia?
A3: Ming
Q4: In what dynasty were textiles particularly popular?
A4: Qing
Q5: During the textile boom, how many jobs were created?
A5: around 200 thousand jobs
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Since the armature windings of a direct-current or universal motor are moving through a magnetic field, they have a voltage induced in them. This voltage tends to oppose the motor supply voltage and so is called "back electromotive force (emf)". The voltage is proportional to the running speed of the motor. The back emf of the motor, plus the voltage drop across the winding internal resistance and brushes, must equal the voltage at the brushes. This provides the fundamental mechanism of speed regulation in a DC motor. If the mechanical load increases, the motor slows down; a lower back emf results, and more current is drawn from the supply. This increased current provides the additional torque to balance the new load.

Q1: Voltage opposing the motor supply voltage is called what?
A1: back electromotive force
Q2: EMP is proportional to what?
A2: the running speed of the motor
Q3: Voltage at the brushes is equal to what?
A3: back emf of the motor, plus the voltage drop across the winding internal resistance
Q4: If load increases, what happens to current drawn?
A4: more current is drawn from the supply
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Since the beginning of the study of electricity non conductive materials like glass, porcelain, paper and mica have been used as insulators. These materials some decades later were also well-suited for further use as the dielectric for the first capacitors. Paper capacitors made by sandwiching a strip of impregnated paper between strips of metal, and rolling the result into a cylinder were commonly used in the late 19century; their manufacture started in 1876, and they were used from the early 20th century as decoupling capacitors in telecommunications (telephony).

Q1: Besides porcelain, paper and mica, what other non conductive material was used as an insulator? 
A1: glass
Q2: For what use were non conductive materials used in the first capacitors?
A2: as the dielectric
Q3: What was layered between strips of metal in order to create paper capacitors?
A3: strip of impregnated paper
Q4: When were paper capacitors first manufactured?
A4: in 1876
Q5: What other use did paper capacitors serve in the telecommunications industry?
A5: as decoupling capacitors
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

Since the canons of criticism are highly susceptible to interpretation, and at times even contradict each other, they may be employed to justify a result that fits the textual critic's aesthetic or theological agenda. Starting in the 19th century, scholars sought more rigorous methods to guide editorial judgment. Best-text editing (a complete rejection of eclecticism) became one extreme. Stemmatics and copy-text editing – while both eclectic, in that they permit the editor to select readings from multiple sources – sought to reduce subjectivity by establishing one or a few witnesses presumably as being favored by "objective" criteria.[citation needed] The citing of sources used, and alternate readings, and the use of original text and images helps readers and other critics determine to an extent the depth of research of the critic, and to independently verify their work.

Q1: Is textual criticism immune to bias on the part of the critic?
A1: justify a result that fits the textual critic's aesthetic or theological agenda
Q2: When did scientists begin searching for a more defined guideline for textual criticism?
A2: 19th century
Q3: What inclusion helps readers and critics understand the motivation behind the compiler?
A3: The citing of sources used, and alternate readings, and the use of original text and images
Q4: What is a further benefit of including sources, texts and original images in a critique?
A4: the depth of research of the critic