LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Australia: The event was held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on April 24, and covered around 16 km of Canberra's central areas, from Reconciliation Place to Commonwealth Park. Upon its arrival in Canberra, the Olympic flame was presented by Chinese officials to local Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea, of the Ngunnawal people. She, in turn, offered them a message stick, as a gift of peace and welcome. Hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters and thousands of Chinese students reportedly attended. Demonstrators and counter-demonstrators were kept apart by the Australian Federal Police. Preparations for the event were marred by a disagreement over the role of the Chinese flame attendants, with Australian and Chinese officials arguing publicly over their function and prerogatives during a press conference.

Q1: When did the torch arrive in Canberra?
A1: April 24
Q2: Who received the flame from Chinese officials in Canberra?
A2: Agnes Shea
Q3: What did Agnes Shea give to the Chinese in return?
A3: a message stick
Q4: Who publicly argued at a press conference?
A4: Australian and Chinese officials
Q5: Where was the relay held in Australia?
A5: Canberra
Q6: How many kilometers was the route in Australia?
A6: 16
Q7: What was the location of the beginning of the Olympic torch route in Australia?
A7: Reconciliation Place
Q8: Who kept the demonstrators separated?
A8: Australian Federal Police.
Q9: What is the name of the Aboriginal elder who received the torch from Chinese officials?
A9: Agnes Shea
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 China: In China, the torch was first welcomed by Politburo Standing Committee member Zhou Yongkang and State Councilor Liu Yandong. It was subsequently passed onto CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao. A call to boycott French hypermart Carrefour from May 1 began spreading through mobile text messaging and online chat rooms amongst the Chinese over the weekend from April 12, accusing the company's major shareholder, the LVMH Group, of donating funds to the Dalai Lama. There were also calls to extend the boycott to include French luxury goods and cosmetic products. According to the Washington Times on April 15, however, the Chinese government was attempting to "calm the situation" through censorship: "All comments posted on popular Internet forum Sohu.com relating to a boycott of Carrefour have been deleted." Chinese protesters organized boycotts of the French-owned retail chain Carrefour in major Chinese cities including Kunming, Hefei and Wuhan, accusing the French nation of pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. Some burned French flags, some added Nazism's Swastika to the French flag, and spread short online messages calling for large protests in front of French consulates and embassy. The Carrefour boycott was met with anti-boycott demonstrators who insisted on entering one of the Carrefour stores in Kunming, only to be blocked by boycotters wielding large Chinese flags and hit by water bottles. The BBC reported that hundreds of people demonstrated in Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming and Qingdao.

Q1: Action was taken to boycott which company?
A1: Carrefour
Q2: Who was the biggest shareholder of Carrefour?
A2: the LVMH Group
Q3: What did some protesters burn?
A3: the French flag
Q4: Where were anti-protesters blocked from entering a Carrefour store with Chinese flags?
A4: Kunming
Q5: Who was said to have given money to the Dalai Lama?
A5: the LVMH Group
Q6: What method did the Chinese government use to ease the boycott situation?
A6: censorship
Q7: What French company was being boycotted?
A7: Carrefour
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 France: The torch relay leg in Paris, held on April 7, began on the first level of the Eiffel Tower and finished at the Stade Charléty. The relay was initially supposed to cover 28 km, but it was shortened at the demand of Chinese officials following widespread protests by pro-Tibet and human rights activists, who repeatedly attempted to disrupt, hinder or halt the procession. A scheduled ceremony at the town hall was cancelled at the request of the Chinese authorities, and, also at the request of Chinese authorities, the torch finished the relay by bus instead of being carried by athletes. Paris City officials had announced plans to greet the Olympic flame with peaceful protest when the torch was to reach the French capital. The city government attached a banner reading "Paris defends human rights throughout the world" to the City Hall, in an attempt to promote values "of all humanity and of human rights." Members from Reporters Without Borders turned out in large numbers to protest. An estimated 3,000 French police protected the Olympic torch relay as it departed from the Eiffel Tower and criss-crossed Paris amid threat of protests. Widespread pro-Tibet protests, including an attempt by more than one demonstrator to extinguish the flame with water or fire extinguishers, prompted relay authorities to put out the flame five times (according to the police authorities in Paris) and load the torch onto a bus, at the demand of Chinese officials. This was later denied by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, despite video footage broadcast by French television network France 2 which showed Chinese flame attendants extinguishing the torch. Backup flames are with the relay at all times to relight the torch. French judoka and torchbearer David Douillet expressed his annoyance at the Chinese flame attendants who extinguished the torch which he was about to hand over to Teddy Riner: "I understand they're afraid of everything, but this is just annoying. They extinguished the flame despite the fact that there was no risk, and they could see it and they knew it. I don't know why they did it."

Q1: When did the torch relay in Paris occur?
A1: April 7
Q2: Where did the Paris route start for the torch relay?
A2: the Eiffel Tower
Q3: Rather than being carried by an athlete, how did the torch end its route in Paris?
A3: by bus
Q4: The flame of the torch was put out when David Douillet was ready to hand it to who?
A4: Teddy Riner
Q5: What date did the torch relay begin in France?
A5: April 7
Q6: What city in France did the torch relay start at?
A6: Paris
Q7: Where location was the torch relay started in the city in Paris?
A7: Eiffel Tower
Q8: About how many police were said to have protected the torch in France?
A8: 3,000
Q9: How many times was the torch put out in France die to security concerns?
A9: five
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Great Britain: The torch relay leg held in London, the host city of the 2012 Summer Olympics, on April 6 began at Wembley Stadium, passed through the City of London, and eventually ended at O2 Arena in the eastern part of the city. The 48 km (30 mi) leg took a total of seven and a half hours to complete, and attracted protests by pro-Tibetan independence and pro-Human Rights supporters, prompting changes to the planned route and an unscheduled move onto a bus, which was then briefly halted by protestors. Home Secretary Jacqui Smith has officially complained to Beijing Organising Committee about the conduct of the tracksuit-clad Chinese security guards. The Chinese officials, seen manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as "thugs". A Metropolitan police briefing paper revealed that security for the torch relay cost £750,000 and the participation of the Chinese security team had been agreed in advance, despite the Mayor stating, "We did not know beforehand these thugs were from the security services. Had I known so, we would have said no."

Q1: Which city hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics?
A1: London
Q2: When did the torch route begin in London?
A2: April 6
Q3: How much did security cost for the torch relay in London?
A3: £750,000
Q4: What city held the Olympics in 2012?
A4: London
Q5: Where did the torch relay begin in London for the 2008 Olympics?
A5: Wembley Stadium
Q6: Where did the relay end in London?
A6: O2 Arena
Q7: How many miles was the relay in England?
A7: 30 mi
Q8: What word was used by London officials to describe Chinese security guards for their treatment of protesters?
A8: thugs
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 India: Due to concerns about pro-Tibet protests, the relay through New Delhi on April 17 was cut to just 2.3 km (less than 1.5 miles), which was shared amongst 70 runners. It concluded at the India Gate. The event was peaceful due to the public not being allowed at the relay. A total of five intended torchbearers -Kiran Bedi, Soha Ali Khan, Sachin Tendulkar, Bhaichung Bhutia and Sunil Gavaskar- withdrew from the event, citing "personal reasons", or, in Bhutia's case, explicitly wishing to "stand by the people of Tibet and their struggle" and protest against the PRC "crackdown" in Tibet. Indian national football captain, Baichung Bhutia refused to take part in the Indian leg of the torch relay, citing concerns over Tibet. Bhutia, who is Sikkimese, is the first athlete to refuse to run with the torch. Indian film star Aamir Khan states on his personal blog that the "Olympic Games do not belong to China" and confirms taking part in the torch relay "with a prayer in his heart for the people of Tibet, and ... for all people across the world who are victims of human rights violations". Rahul Gandhi, son of the Congress President Sonia Gandhi and scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family, also refused to carry the torch.

Q1: When did the torch visit New Delhi?
A1: April 17
Q2: How many runners carried the torch in New Delhi?
A2: 70
Q3: Which football captain did not participate in the relay to show support for Tibet?
A3: Baichung Bhutia
Q4: How many torchbearers did not participate because of their concerns with Tibet?
A4: five
Q5: Where did the torch relay happen in India?
A5: New Delhi
Q6: How long was the route in India in miles?
A6: 1.5
Q7: How many bearers of the torch were used in India?
A7: 70
Q8: How many bearers decided not to participate?
A8: five
Q9: What is the name of the footballer who refused to be a part of the relay?
A9: Baichung Bhutia
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to "security worries", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium.

Q1: When did the Olympic torch visit Jakarta?
A1: April 22
Q2: Who requested that the original route be cancelled?
A2: the Chinese embassy
Q3: Along with invited people, who were the only other people allowed in the stadium?
A3: journalists
Q4: Where did the torch relay begin in Indonesia?
A4: Jakarta
Q5: How many kilometers was the planned route that was cancelled?
A5: 20
Q6: Why was the first route not taken?
A6: security worries
Q7: What type of facility was the torch carried at instead.
A7: stadium.
Q8: Where did protests occur when non one except invited guests and the press were allowed inside the stadium?
A8: outside the stadium.
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Japan: The event was held in Nagano, which hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics, on April 26. Japanese Buddhist temple Zenkō-ji, which was originally scheduled to be the starting point for the Olympic torch relay in Nagano, refused to host the torch and pulled out of the relay plans, amid speculation that monks there sympathized with anti-Chinese government protesters. as well as the risk of disruption by violent protests. Parts of Zenkō-ji temple's main building (Zenkō-ji Hondō), reconstructed in 1707 and one of the National Treasures of Japan, was then vandalized with spraypaint. A new starting point, previously the site of a municipal building and now a parking lot, was chosen by the city. An event the city had planned to hold at the Minami Nagano Sports Park following the torch relay was also canceled out of concern about disruptions caused by demonstrators protesting against China's recent crackdown in Tibet. Thousands of riot police were mobilized to protect the torch along its route. The show of force kept most protesters in check, but slogans shouted by pro-China or pro-Tibet demonstrators, Japanese nationalists, and human rights organizations flooded the air. Five men were arrested and four injured amidst scenes of mob violence. The torch route was packed with mostly peaceful demonstrators. The public was not allowed at the parking lot where the relay started. After the Zenkoji monks held a prayer ceremony for victims of the recent events in Tibet. More than 100 police officers ran with the torch and riot police lined the streets while three helicopters flew above. Only two Chinese guards were allowed to accompany the torch because of Japan's concern over their treatment of demonstrators at previous relays. A man with a Tibetan flag tried to stop the torch at the beginning of the relay but was dragged off by police. Some raw eggs were also thrown from the crowd.

Q1: Who hosted the 1998 Winter Olympics?
A1: Nagano
Q2: When did the torch arrive in Nagano?
A2: April 26
Q3: Where was the torch relay held in Japan?
A3: Nagano
Q4: Which Olympics did Nagano host?
A4: 1998 Winter Olympics
Q5: What location was supposed to be the start of the relay event in Nagano?
A5: Japanese Buddhist temple Zenkō-ji
Q6: When monks pulled out of the event, where was the new starting point for the relay?
A6: a municipal building
Q7: How many Chinese guards were allowed to go with the torch?
A7: two
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.

Q1: What virgin site did the torch visit on April 2?
A1: Almaty
Q2: Who was the first person to be handed the torch in Almaty?
A2: Nursultan Nazarbaev.
Q3: Who is Nursultan Nazarbaev?
A3: the President of Kazakhstan
Q4: The route in Almaty went from Medeo Stadium to where?
A4: Astana Square.
Q5: What kind of activists were arrested in Almaty?
A5: Uighur activists
Q6: What country did the torch get to for the first time?
A6: Kazakhstan
Q7: What is the name of the president who was the first torchbearer in Almaty?
A7: Nursultan Nazarbaev.
Q8: What was the distance in kilometers for the route in Kazakhstan?
A8: 20
Q9: What activists were reported to have been arrested?
A9: Uighur
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Malaysia: The event was held in the capital city, Kuala Lumpur, on April 21. The 16.5 km long-relay began from the historic Independence Square, passed in front of several city landmarks before coming to an end at the iconic Petronas Twin Towers. Among the landmarks the Olympic flame passed next to were the Parliament House, National Mosque, KL Tower and Merdeka Stadium. A team of 1000 personnel from the Malaysian police Special Action Squad guarded the event and escorted the torchbearers. The last time an Olympic torch relay was held in Malaysia was the 1964 Tokyo edition.

Q1: When did the torch visit Malaysia?
A1: April 21
Q2: What is the capital city of Malaysia?
A2: Kuala Lumpur
Q3: Where did the route begin in Malaysia?
A3: Independence Square
Q4: Prior to the 2008 games, when did Malaysia last see an Olympic torch relay?
A4: 1964
Q5: What is the location of the start of the relay in Malaysia?
A5: Independence Square
Q6: Where did the relay end in Malaysia?
A6: Petronas Twin Towers.
Q7: What year was the last torch relay event in Malaysia?
A7: 1964
Q8: How many Special Police protected the relay event?
A8: 1000
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or "self-reliance", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.

Q1: When did the torch arrive in Pyongyang?
A1: April 28
Q2: Who presided over the torch event in North Korea?
A2: Kim Yong Nam
Q3: Who was the first torchbearer in North Korea?
A3: Pak Du Ik
Q4: Where did the relay start?
A4: the Juche Tower
Q5: Where was the relay event held in North Korea?
A5: Pyongyang.
Q6: What date did the torch relay event take place?
A6: April 28.
Q7: What did people in the crowd wave at the beginning of the relay?
A7: pink paper flowers and small flags
Q8: Who was the first runner with the torch?
A8: Pak Du Ik
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Pakistan: The Olympic torch reached Islamabad for the first time ever on April 16. President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani spoke at the opening ceremony of the relay. Security was high, for what one newspaper called the "most sensitive leg" of the torch's Olympic journey. The relay was initially supposed to carry the torch around Islamabad, but the entire relay was cancelled due to security concerns regarding "militant threats or anti-China protests", and replaced by an indoors ceremony with the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium. In fear of violent protests and bomb attacks, the torch relay in Pakistan took place in a stadium behind closed doors. Although the relay was behind closed doors, thousands of policemen and soldiers guarded the flame. As a consequence, no incidents arose.

Q1: When did the torch arrive in Islamabad?
A1: April 16
Q2: Where was an indoor ceremony held since the outdoor relay was cancelled?
A2: Jinnah Stadium
Q3: Who spoke at the opening ceremony in Islamabad in addition to President Musharraf?
A3: Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani
Q4: Where did the Olympic torch relay start in Pakistan?
A4: Islamabad
Q5: Instead of a traditinal relay, where was the track the torch was carried in Pakistan?
A5: Jinnah Stadium.
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Russia: On April 5 the Olympic torch arrived at Saint Petersburg, Russia. The length of the torch relay route in the city was 20 km, with the start at the Victory Square and finish at the Palace Square. Mixed martial arts icon and former PRIDE Heavyweight Champion Fedor Emelianenko was one the torch bearers. This gives him the distinction of the being the first active MMA fighter to carry the Olympic flame.

Q1: When did the torch arrive in Saint Petersburg?
A1: April 5
Q2: Where was the start of the torch route in Saint Petersburg?
A2: Victory Square
Q3: Where did the torch route end in Saint Petersburg?
A3: Palace Square
Q4: Who is the first MMA fighter to participate in carrying the Olympic torch?
A4: Fedor Emelianenko
Q5: Where in Russia was the first stop for the relay?
A5: Saint Petersburg
Q6: What city location did the torch relay begin in Russia?
A6: Victory Square
Q7: What was the last location for the relay in Russia?
A7: Palace Square.
Q8: What is the name of the MMA fighter who carried the torch in Russia?
A8: Fedor Emelianenko
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Sultanate of Oman: Muscat was the torch's only stop in the Middle East, on April 14. The relay covered 20 km. No protests or incidents were reported. One of the torchbearers was Syrian actress Sulaf Fawakherji.

Q1: Which Middle East location was the only area the torch visited?
A1: Muscat
Q2: When did the torch arrive in Muscat?
A2: April 14
Q3: Which actress carried the torch for part of the route?
A3: Sulaf Fawakherji
Q4: Where was the only place the Olympic torch was carried in the Middle East?
A4: Muscat
Q5: How far was the relay route in kilometers in the Middle East?
A5: 20
Q6: What is the name of the Syrian actress who was one to bear the torch?
A6: Sulaf Fawakherji.
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GWF) chairwoman, withdrew from the torch-running ceremony, protesting against China's actions in Tibet. Several hundred protesters were present, along with Olympic supporters. Thai authorities threatened to arrest foreign protesters and ban them from future entry into Thailand. A coalition of Thai human rights groups announced that it would organise a "small demonstration" during the relay, and several hundred people did indeed take part in protests, facing Beijing supporters. Intended torchbearer Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse boycotted the relay, to protest against China's actions in Tibet. In Bangkok, students told the media that the Chinese Embassy provided them with transportation and gave them shirts to wear.

Q1: When did the Olympic torch reach Bangkok?
A1: April 18
Q2: Who is the Green World Foundation chairwoman who refused to participate in the relay?
A2: M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse
Q3: The media was told that the Chinese supplied with shirts and transportation?
A3: students
Q4: When did the torch go through Bankok?
A4: April 18
Q5: The relay route was a little over how many kilometers?
A5: 10
Q6: Who were told they would be banned from reentering Thailand?
A6: foreign protesters
Q7: What scheduled bearer of the torch boycotted?
A7: Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation


 Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.

Q1: When was the torch in Istanbul?
A1: April 3
Q2: Where did the torch end up in Istanbul?
A2: Taksim Square
Q3: Where did the torch start in Instanbul?
A3: Sultanahmet Square
Q4: Who protested for their compatriots who were in Xinjiang?
A4: Uyghurs living in Turkey
Q5: What city was the Olympic Torch at on April 3rd?
A5: Istanbul
Q6: What is the name of the place in the city where the torch relay started in Turkey?
A6: Sultanahmet Square
Q7: Where did the torch relay finish in Turkey?
A7: Taksim Square.
Q8: What people in Turkey protested for their people living in China?
A8: Uyghurs
Q9: What happened to protesters who tried to interrupt the carrying of the torch?
A9: arrested
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences


A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.:Glossary The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.

Q1: What is a gene?
A1: a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product
Q2: What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits?
A2: The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring
Q3: What influence are most biological traits under?
A3: polygenes (many different genes)
Q4: What is one instantly visible genetic trait?
A4: eye colour or number of limbs
Q5: What is one invisible genetic trait?
A5: blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life
Title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Topic: Philosophy and religion


In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumption to Heaven and her capacity to intercede on behalf of those who pray to her. Catholic teachings make clear that Mary is not considered divine and prayers to her are not answered by her, they are answered by God. The four Catholic dogmas regarding Mary are: Mother of God, Perpetual virginity of Mary, Immaculate Conception (of Mary) and Assumption of Mary.

Q1: What title is given to Mary in the Catholic Church?
A1: Blessed
Q2: What is the Latin word from which Mary's title of Blessed is derived?
A2: beatus
Q3: How many Catholic dogmas are there regarding Mary?
A3: four
Q4: Along with Mother of God, Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary, what is the other Catholic dogma related to Mary?
A4: Perpetual virginity of Mary
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion


The method of self-exertion or "self-power"—without reliance on an external force or being—stands in contrast to another major form of Buddhism, Pure Land, which is characterized by utmost trust in the salvific "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha. Pure Land Buddhism is a very widespread and perhaps the most faith-orientated manifestation of Buddhism and centres upon the conviction that faith in Amitabha Buddha and the chanting of homage to his name liberates one at death into the Blissful (安樂), Pure Land (淨土) of Amitabha Buddha. This Buddhic realm is variously construed as a foretaste of Nirvana, or as essentially Nirvana itself. The great vow of Amitabha Buddha to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering is viewed within Pure Land Buddhism as universally efficacious, if only one has faith in the power of that vow or chants his name.

Q1: What is characterized by the deep truts in the "other-power" of Amitabha Buddha
A1: Pure Land
Q2: What is perhaps the most faith-oriented for of Buddhism?
A2: Pure Land
Q3: What Buddha vowed to rescue all beings from samsaric suffering?
A3: Amitabha
Title: Database
Topic: Engineering and technology


XML databases are a type of structured document-oriented database that allows querying based on XML document attributes. XML databases are mostly used in enterprise database management, where XML is being used as the machine-to-machine data interoperability standard. XML database management systems include commercial software MarkLogic and Oracle Berkeley DB XML, and a free use software Clusterpoint Distributed XML/JSON Database. All are enterprise software database platforms and support industry standard ACID-compliant transaction processing with strong database consistency characteristics and high level of database security.

Q1: What kind of database is XML?
A1: structured document-oriented database
Q2: Where are XML databases frequently used?
A2: enterprise database management
Q3: How is XML used in enterprise database management?
A3: machine-to-machine data
Q4: What type of processing is used in enterprise database software?
A4: ACID-compliant transaction processing
Title: Infection
Topic: Natural sciences

 Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. However a host's immune system can also cause damage to the host itself in an attempt to control the infection. Clinicians therefore classify infectious microorganisms or microbes according to the status of host defenses - either as primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens:

Q1: Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals?
A1: relatively few
Q2: Interplay between pathogens and defenses of hosts results in what?
A2: Infectious disease
Q3: What does the severity of a disease resulting from a pathogen depend on?
A3: ability of that pathogen to damage the host
Q4: What can a host's immune system do to a host?
A4: cause damage
Q5: What do clinicians classify infectious microorganisms according to the status of?
A5: host defenses
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

 Argentina: The torch relay leg in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held on April 11, began with an artistic show at the Lola Mora amphitheatre in Costanera Sur. In the end of the show the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espínola. The leg finished at the Buenos Aires Riding Club in the Palermo district, the last torchbearer being Gabriela Sabatini. The 13.8 km route included landmarks like the obelisk and Plaza de Mayo. The day was marked by several pro-Tibet protests, which included a giant banner reading "Free Tibet", and an alternative "human rights torch" that was lit by protesters and paraded along the route the flame was to take. Most of these protests were peaceful in nature, and the torch was not impeded. Chinese immigrants also turned out in support of the Games, but only minor scuffles were reported between both groups. Runners surrounded by rows of security carried the Olympic flame past thousands of jubilant Argentines in the most trouble-free torch relay in nearly a week. People showered the parade route with confetti as banks, government offices and businesses took an impromptu half-day holiday for the only Latin American stop on the flame's five-continent journey.

Q1: When did the Olympic torch relay begin in Buenos Aires?
A1: April 11
Q2: Where did the torch route start in Buenos Aires?
A2: the Lola Mora amphitheatre
Q3: Who was the mayor of Buenos Aires?
A3: Mauricio Macri
Q4: Where did the Olympic torch relay begin in Argentina?
A4: Buenos Aires
Q5: What place held an opening show for the relay?
A5: Lola Mora amphitheatre
Q6: What is the name of the mayor who passed off the torch to the first bearer in Argentina?
A6: Mauricio Macri
Q7: Who was the first bearer of the torch in Argentina?
A7: Carlos Espínola.
Q8: What was showered along the route in some places?
A8: confetti
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

 Capacitors deviate from the ideal capacitor equation in a number of ways. Some of these, such as leakage current and parasitic effects are linear, or can be assumed to be linear, and can be dealt with by adding virtual components to the equivalent circuit of the capacitor. The usual methods of network analysis can then be applied. In other cases, such as with breakdown voltage, the effect is non-linear and normal (i.e., linear) network analysis cannot be used, the effect must be dealt with separately. There is yet another group, which may be linear but invalidate the assumption in the analysis that capacitance is a constant. Such an example is temperature dependence. Finally, combined parasitic effects such as inherent inductance, resistance, or dielectric losses can exhibit non-uniform behavior at variable frequencies of operation.

Q1: What characteristic can leakage current and parasitic effects be assumed to have in the equation for a realistic capacitor?
A1: can be assumed to be linear
Q2: What sort of components can be added to the equivalent circuit of a capacitor in order to deal with leakage current and parasitic effects?
A2: virtual components
Q3: Upon dealing with leakage current and parasitic effects in a realistic model of a capacitor, what sort of methods can then be applied?
A3: The usual methods of network analysis
Q4: What sort of analysis cannot be used in cases of voltage breakdown in modelling a capacitor?
A4: normal (i.e., linear) network analysis cannot be used
Q5: What causes the assumption of constant capacitance to fail even if the effect is linear in nature?
A5: temperature dependence
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

 China: The torch returned to China for the first time since April. The torch arrived in Sanya, Hainan on May 4 with celebrations attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials and Chinese big names like Jackie Chan. The entire relay through Mainland China was largely a success with many people welcoming the arrival of the torch along the way.

Q1: After its April departure, when did the torch return to China?
A1: May 4
Q2: What actor attended a torch celebration in China?
A2: Jackie Chan
Q3: When did the torch reach Sanya, Hainan?
A3: May 4
Q4: When was the last time the torch had been in China?
A4: April.
Q5: Who attended the celebrations?
A5: IOC
Q6: Which actor also attended the celebrations?
A6: Jackie Chan.
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

 Greece: On March 24, 2008, the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia, Greece, site of the ancient Olympic Games. The actress Maria Nafpliotou, in the role of a High Priestess, ignited the torch of the first torchbearer, a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece, who handed the flame over to the second torchbearer, Olympic champion in women's breaststroke Luo Xuejuan from China. Following the recent unrest in Tibet, three members of Reporters Without Borders, including Robert Ménard, breached security and attempted to disrupt a speech by Liu Qi, the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece. The People's Republic of China called this a "disgraceful" attempt to sabotage the Olympics. On March 30, 2008 in Athens, during ceremonies marking the handing over of the torch from Greek officials to organizers of the Beijing games, demonstrators shouted 'Free Tibet' and unfurled banners; some 10 of the 15 protesters were taken into police detention. After the hand-off, protests continued internationally, with particularly violent confrontations with police in Nepal.

Q1: On what date did the Olympic Flame get lit?
A1: March 24, 2008
Q2: Where did the Olympic Flame get lit?
A2: Olympia, Greece.
Q3: Who was the first person to carry the torch?
A3: Alexandros Nikolaidis
Q4: Who initially lit the Olympic Torch?
A4: Maria Nafpliotou
Q5: When did demonstrators yell for Tibet to be freed?
A5: March 30, 2008
Q6: Where is the location of the original Olympic events?
A6: Olympia, Greece.
Q7: What is the name of the woman who lit the torch for the new games?
A7: Maria Nafpliotou
Q8: What medal did the first torchbearer have from prior games?
A8: silver
Q9: What is the name of the first torchbearer for the 2008 Olympics?
A9: Alexandros Nikolaidis
Q10: What place had police experience violent problems with protesters?
A10: Nepal.
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

 Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun River via a dragon boat, which had been never used before in the history of Olympic torch relays), Victoria Harbour (crossed by Tin Hau, a VIP vessel managed by the Marine Department) before ending in Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai. A total of 120 torchbearers were selected to participate in the event consisting of celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. No politicians from the pro-democracy camp were selected as torchbearers. One torchbearer could not participate due to flight delay. It was estimated that more than 200,000 spectators came out and watched the relay. Many enthusiastic supporters wore red shirts and waved large Chinese flags. According to Hong Kong Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang, 3,000 police were deployed to ensure order.

Q1: When did the torch arrive in Hong Kong?
A1: May 2
Q2: Who was the first torchbearer in Hong Kong?
A2: Lee Lai Shan
Q3: Where was the torch event started in Hong Kong?
A3: Hong Kong Cultural Centre
Q4: Where did the torch relay end in Hong Kong?
A4: Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai
Q5: How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong?
A5: 120
Q6: When was the relay event held in Hong Kong?
A6: May 2.
Q7: Who handed the torch to Lee Lai Shan, the first torchbearer?
A7: Donald Tsang
Q8: What was used to get the torch across the Shing Mun River?
A8: a dragon boat
Q9: How many torchbearers carried the torch?
A9: 120
Q10: The torchbearers included athletes, celebrities and who?
A10: pro-Beijing camp politicians.
Title: Internet_service_provider
Topic: Engineering and technology

 ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics.

Q1: What do ISPs provide?
A1: Internet access
Q2: how do isps provide internet access?
A2: a range of technologies to connect users to their network
Q3: what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet? 
A3: television cable (CATV)
Q4: what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly? 
A4: wireless Ethernet (wi-fi)
Q5: what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet? 
A5: telephone lines
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

 In 1955, DC Sinclair and G Weddell developed peripheral pattern theory, based on a 1934 suggestion by John Paul Nafe. They proposed that all skin fiber endings (with the exception of those innervating hair cells) are identical, and that pain is produced by intense stimulation of these fibers. Another 20th-century theory was gate control theory, introduced by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall in the 1965 Science article "Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory". The authors proposed that both thin (pain) and large diameter (touch, pressure, vibration) nerve fibers carry information from the site of injury to two destinations in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and that the more large fiber activity relative to thin fiber activity at the inhibitory cell, the less pain is felt. Both peripheral pattern theory and gate control theory have been superseded by more modern theories of pain[citation needed].

Q1: What year was peripheral pattern theory developed? 
A1: 1955
Q2: Whose suggestion prompted the development of peripheral pattern theory?
A2: John Paul Nafe
Q3: What did DC Sinclair and G Weddell propose a property of all skin fiber endings is?
A3: identical
Q4: What does the gate control theory specify the diameter of which is responsible for the amount of pain sensation?
A4: nerve fibers
Q5: Why were peripheral pattern theory and gate control theory left behind?
A5: superseded by more modern theories of pain
Title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

 In Methodism, Mary is honored as the Mother of God. Methodists do not have any additional teachings on the Virgin Mary except from what is mentioned in Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds. As such, Methodists believe that Mary was conceived in her womb through the Holy Ghost and accept the doctrine of the Virgin Birth, although they, along with Orthodox Christians and other Protestant Christians, reject the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. John Wesley, the principal founder of the Methodist movement within the Church of England, believed that Mary "continued a pure and unspotted virgin", thus upholding the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary. Contemporary Methodism does hold that Mary was a virgin before, during, and immediately after the birth of Christ. In addition, some Methodists also hold the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary as a pious opinion.

Q1: Which doctrine about Mary do Methodists reject?
A1: the Immaculate Conception
Q2: Who was the founder of the Methodist movement?
A2: John Wesley
Q3: What are the sources of beliefs about Mary held by Methodists?
A3: Scripture and the ecumenical Creeds
Q4: The Methodist movement began in which church?
A4: the Church of England
Q5: Which Marian doctrine did John Wesley uphold in founding Methodism?
A5: the perpetual virginity of Mary
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

 Macao: The event was held in Macau on May 3. It was the first time that the Olympic torch had traveled to Macau. A ceremony was held at Macau Fisherman's Wharf. Afterward, the torch traveled through Macau, passing by a number of landmarks including A-Ma Temple, Macau Tower, Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho, Ponte de Sai Van, Macau Cultural Centre, Macau Stadium and then back to the Fisherman's Wharf for the closing ceremony. Parts of the route near Ruins of St. Paul's and Taipa was shortened due to large crowds of supporters blocking narrow streets. A total of 120 torchbearers participated in this event including casino tycoon Stanley Ho. Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng were the first and last torchbearer in the relay respectively. An article published on Macao Daily News criticized that the list of the torchbearers could not fully represent the Macanese and that there were too many non-athletes among the torchbearers. (some of whom had already been torchbearers of other sporting events)

Q1: When did the torch visit Macao?
A1: May 3
Q2: Where was the torch ceremony held in Macao?
A2: Macau Fisherman's Wharf
Q3: How many torchbearers participated in Macao?
A3: 120
Q4: Who was the first torchbearer in Macao?
A4: Leong Hong Man
Q5: A newspaper article criticized that there were not enough of what kind of person among the torchbearers?
A5: athletes
Q6: When was the torch relay event held in Macao?
A6: May 3
Q7: How many torchbearers carried the torch in Macao?
A7: 120
Q8: Who was the first person to carry the torch in Macao?
A8: Leong Hong Man
Q9: Which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event?
A9: Stanley Ho.
Q10: Which publication was unhappy with the amount of non-athlete torchbearers?
A10: Macao Daily News
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

 South Korea: The event was held in Seoul, which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics, on April 27. Intended torchbearers Choi Seung-kook and Park Won-sun boycotted the event to protest against the Chinese government's crackdown in Tibet. More than 8,000 riot police were deployed to guard the 24-kilometre route, which began at Olympic Park, which was built when Seoul hosted the 1988 Summer Games. On the day of the torch relay in Seoul, Chinese students clashed with protesters, throwing rocks, bottles, and punches. A North Korean defector whose brother defected to China but was captured and executed by the DPRK, attempted to set himself on fire in protest of China's treatment of North Korean refugees. He poured gasoline on himself but police quickly surrounded him and carried him away. Two other demonstrators tried to storm the torch but failed. Fighting broke out near the beginning of the relay between a group of 500 Chinese supporters and approximately 50 protesters who carried a banner that read: "Free North Korean refugees in China." The students threw stones and water bottles as approximately 2,500 police tried to keep the groups separated. Police said they arrested five people, including a Chinese student who was arrested for allegedly throwing rocks. Thousands of Chinese followed the torch on its 4.5 hour journey, some chanting, "Go China, go Olympics!" By the end of the relay, Chinese students became violent, and it was reported in Korean media that they were "lynching" everyone who was disagreeing with them. One police man was also rushed to hospital after being attacked by Chinese students. On Apr 29, the Secretary of Justice, Kim Kyung Han, told the prime minister that he will find "every single Chinese who was involved and bring them to justice." Later in the day, South Korea's Prosecutor's Office, National Police Agency, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Intelligence Service made a joint statement saying that they will be deporting every Chinese student that was involved in the incident. China defended the conduct of the students.

Q1: Where was the torch relay event held in South Korea?
A1: Seoul
Q2: When did Seoul host the Olympics?
A2: 1988 Summer Olympics
Q3: Where was the start point for the relay?
A3: Olympic Park
Q4: Who became violent during the relay route and was promised deportation when caught?
A4: Chinese students
Q5: Where was the relay event held in South Korea?
A5: Seoul
Q6: Which Olympics did Seoul host?
A6: 1988 Summer Olympics
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

 Sugar taken orally reduces the total crying time but not the duration of the first cry in newborns undergoing a painful procedure (a single lancing of the heel). It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electrical activity in the brains of newborns one second after the heel lance procedure. Sweet oral liquid moderately reduces the incidence and duration of crying caused by immunization injection in children between one and twelve months of age.

Q1: What, when taken orally, can reduce total crying time of newsborns undergoing a painful procedure?
A1: Sugar
Q2: What doesn't sugar change the effect of pain on?
A2: heart rate
Q3: Sugar also doesn't measurably change what type of electrical activity in the brains of newborns a second after the heel lance procedure?
A3: pain-related
Q4: A sweet oral liquid does moderately reduce the incidence and duration of what?
A4: crying
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

 Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005. The torch was lit by Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. About a thousand people followed the relay, waving the Olympic flag. The only noted instance of protest was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers, in protest against human rights abuses in Tibet.

Q1: Where was the only African destination for the torch?
A1: Dar es Salaam
Q2: When did the torch arrive in Dar es Salaam?
A2: April 13
Q3: Where did the route start for the torch in Dar es Salaam?
A3: the TAZARA Railway
Q4: Where was the solitary place the relay was held in Africa?
A4: Dar es Salaam
Q5: What is the name of the railway where the Olympic torch relay began in Africa?
A5: TAZARA
Q6: Where did the relay terminate in Africa?
A6: Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium
Q7: What country paid for the stadium through aid money?
A7: China
Q8: Who it the torch in Africa?
A8: Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein.