LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery.

Q1: Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders?
A1: O'Neill's
Q2: What is the name of a company that retails but does not manufacture drinks?
A2: PubCo
Q3: Along with breweries, what type of company may run a pub chain?
A3: PubCo
Q4: In what country was Punch Taverns established?
A4: the UK
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1

Q1: Where do organisms inherit their genes from?
A1: from their parents
Q2: How much of an asexual organism's genome is inherited from its parents?
A2: a complete copy
Q3: How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?
A3: two copies of each chromosome
Q4: How many sets of chromosomes does a sexual organism inherit from each parent?
A4: one complete set from each parent
Q5: Why do sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome?
A5: because they inherit one complete set from each parent
Title: YouTube
Topic: Engineering and technology

Organizations including Viacom, Mediaset, and the English Premier League have filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed "an astounding 1.5 billion times". YouTube responded by stating that it "goes far beyond its legal obligations in assisting content owners to protect their works".

Q1: Companies including Viacom and Mediaset have done what against youtube?
A1: filed lawsuits
Q2: How much did Viacom want in damages in their lawsuit against youtube?
A2: $1 billion
Q3: What does youtube do to prevent losing lawsuits involving copyright infringement?
A3: goes far beyond its legal obligations
Q4: How many unauthorized clips did Viacom allegedly find on youtube that infringed its copyrights?
A4: 150,000
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

Organized crime has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the Five Points in the 1820s. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Spades. The Mafia presence has declined in the city in the 21st century.

Q1: The first major crime groups in NYC were in the 1820s known as what?
A1: Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards
Q2: What group controlled the Mafia in New York in the 20th century?
A2: the Five Families
Q3: The Forth Thieves and Roach Guards were two gangs that operated in what area of New York in the 1820s?
A3: the Five Points
Q4: What was a notable 20th century gang in New York?
A4: the Black Spades
Title: Sanskrit
Topic: Language and literature

Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifested by a neglect of Sanskrit in British academia. This was the beginning of a general push in favor of the idea that India should be culturally, religiously and linguistically assimilated to Britain as far as possible. Trautmann considers two separate and logically opposite sources for the growing hostility: one was "British Indophobia", which he calls essentially a developmentalist, progressivist, liberal, and non-racial-essentialist critique of Hindu civilisation as an aid for the improvement of India along European lines; the other was scientific racism, a theory of the English "common-sense view" that Indians constituted a "separate, inferior and unimprovable race".

Q1: When was Sanskrit and Indian culture popular?
A1: 18th century
Q2: In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception?
A2: early 19th century
Q3: How did the British academics show their feelings about Sanskrit?
A3: neglect
Q4: What did British of the 19th century want India to be as soon as possible?
A4: assimilated to Britain
Q5: Besides assimilation of British culture, what else did the British consider Indians to be?
A5: inferior
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. The orientation behaviour of the bird inside the cage is studied quantitatively using the distribution of marks that the bird leaves on the walls of the cage. Other approaches used in pigeon homing studies make use of the direction in which the bird vanishes on the horizon.

Q1: How are orientation behavior studies traditionally carried out?
A1: the Emlen funnel
Q2: What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel?
A2: circular
Q3: What is studied quantitatively inside the cage?
A3: The orientation behaviour
Q4: What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage?
A4: marks
Q5: Where does the homing pigeon vanish?
A5: on the horizon
Title: Letter_case
Topic: Language and literature

Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule letters, spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds. When written quickly with a pen, these tended to turn into rounder and much simpler forms. It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no longer stayed bound between a pair of lines. These in turn formed the foundations for the Carolingian minuscule script, developed by Alcuin for use in the court of Charlemagne, which quickly spread across Europe. The advantage of the minuscule over majuscule was improved, faster readability.[citation needed]

Q1: Originally alphabets were written entirely in which type of letter?
A1: majuscule
Q2: Rounder and simpler forms of letters came from writing quickly with which instrument?
A2: pen
Q3: Who developed the Carolingian minuscule script for handwriting?
A3: Alcuin
Q4: Carolingian minuscule script quickly spread across which continent?
A4: Europe
Q5: What is a common advantage of miniscule over majuscule handwriting?
A5: faster readability
Title: ASCII
Topic: Engineering and technology

Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and a space. For example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223).

Q1: What is the ASCII based on?
A1: English alphabet
Q2: How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code?
A2: 128 specified characters
Q3: How many are non-printing control characters?
A3: 33 are non-printing control characters
Q4: How many characters are printable characters? 
A4: 95 printable characters
Q5: What is the space also known as what?
A5: invisible graphic:223
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "The Queen's House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

Q1: What was Buckingham Palace orginally known as?
A1: Buckingham House
Q2: Who was Buckingham Palace was originally built for?
A2: Duke of Buckingham
Q3: Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761?
A3: King George III
Q4: What was Buckingham House known as when Queen Charlotte resided there?
A4: "The Queen's House"
Q5: Which two architects were commissioned to enlarge Buckingham in the 19th century?
A5: John Nash and Edward Blore
Q6: For whom was Buckingham house originally built?
A6: Duke of Buckingham
Q7: Who enlarged the house in the 19th century?
A7: John Nash and Edward Blore
Q8: When did the palace become the London residence for the monarchs?
A8: 1837
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

Originally much of the valley laid beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico.

Q1: What happened to the dikes the Aztecs built?
A1: destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan
Q2: Where does the lake still remain?
A2: municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico
Q3: Who first built the dikes in Lake Texcoco?
A3: The Aztecs
Q4: What made up Lake Texcoco?
A4: a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes
Q5: Where is the lake located in Atenco?
A5: Federal District
Title: Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Topic: Art and architecture

Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.

Q1: What was Riba's first name?
A1: Institute of British Architects in London
Q2: In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?
A2: 1834
Q3: In what city was the Institute of British Architects located?
A3: London
Q4: In terms of profession, what were people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey?
A4: Architects
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

Originally the Emperor and non-warrior nobility employed these warrior nobles. In time, they amassed enough manpower, resources and political backing in the form of alliances with one another, to establish the first samurai-dominated government. As the power of these regional clans grew, their chief was typically a distant relative of the Emperor and a lesser member of either the Fujiwara, Minamoto, or Taira clans. Though originally sent to provincial areas for a fixed four-year term as a magistrate, the toryo declined to return to the capital when their terms ended, and their sons inherited their positions and continued to lead the clans in putting down rebellions throughout Japan during the middle- and later-Heian period. Because of their rising military and economic power, the warriors ultimately became a new force in the politics of the court. Their involvement in the Hōgen in the late Heian period consolidated their power, and finally pitted the rival Minamoto and Taira clans against each other in the Heiji Rebellion of 1160.

Q1: What rebellion happened in 1160?
A1: Heiji Rebellion
Q2: Who fought in the Heiji Rebellion?
A2: the rival Minamoto and Taira clans
Q3: How long were the toryos' terms supposed to be?
A3: four-year
Q4: What clans were most regional clans' chiefs also a member of?
A4: Fujiwara, Minamoto, or Taira clans
Title: Dell
Topic: History

Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and unacceptably low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company’s Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997. While the industry’s average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going up, as second- and third-time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell. Dell found an opportunity among PC-savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered in days. In early 1997, Dell created an internal sales and marketing group dedicated to serving the home market and introduced a product line designed especially for individual users.

Q1: What market did Dell ignore at first?
A1: consumer market
Q2: When did Dell's internet site gain popularity?
A2: 1996
Q3: What was happening to Dell's average sale to individuals?
A3: going up
Q4: When did Dell create their internal marketing group?
A4: 1997
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.

Q1: What was the first type of connection used by the iPod to charge and transfer files?
A1: FireWire
Q2: What was an alternate method of charging the iPod?
A2: power adapter
Q3: What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod?
A3: FireWire
Title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration
Topic: History

Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in records loss and destruction. Congress established the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping, with the Archivist of the United States as chief administrator. The National Archives was incorporated with GSA in 1949; in 1985 it became an independent agency as NARA (National Archives and Records Administration).

Q1: What year was the National Archives Establishment established in?
A1: 1934
Q2: In what year did NARA become an independent agency?
A2: 1985
Q3: In what year was The National Archives merged with GSA?
A3: 1949
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

Originally, every electronic component had wire leads, and the PCB had holes drilled for each wire of each component. The components' leads were then passed through the holes and soldered to the PCB trace. This method of assembly is called through-hole construction. In 1949, Moe Abramson and Stanislaus F. Danko of the United States Army Signal Corps developed the Auto-Sembly process in which component leads were inserted into a copper foil interconnection pattern and dip soldered. The patent they obtained in 1956 was assigned to the U.S. Army. With the development of board lamination and etching techniques, this concept evolved into the standard printed circuit board fabrication process in use today. Soldering could be done automatically by passing the board over a ripple, or wave, of molten solder in a wave-soldering machine. However, the wires and holes are wasteful since drilling holes is expensive and the protruding wires are merely cut off.

Q1: What type of construction was originally used for all electronic components?
A1: through-hole
Q2: In what year was the Auto-Sembly process created?
A2: 1949
Q3: Although two men developed the Auto-Sembly process, to whom was the patent officially granted?
A3: U.S. Army
Q4: What year was the patent for the Auto-Sembly process granted?
A4: 1956
Q5: Which part of the Auto-Sembly manufacturing process is the most costly?
A5: drilling holes
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

Originally, international law was unaccepting of treaty reservations, rejecting them unless all parties to the treaty accepted the same reservations. However, in the interest of encouraging the largest number of states to join treaties, a more permissive rule regarding reservations has emerged. While some treaties still expressly forbid any reservations, they are now generally permitted to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty.

Q1: A more permissive rule regarding what emerged to encourage the largest number of states to join treaties?
A1: reservations
Q2: Reservations are generally permitted so long as they are not what?
A2: inconsistent with the goals and purposes of the treaty
Q3: How did international law originally respond to treaty reservations?
A3: rejecting them
Q4: Originally reservations were rejected under international law unless which parties of the treaty accepted them?
A4: all parties
Q5: Because they are generally accepted under international law, a treaty must forbid reservations in what manner to prevent their adoption?
A5: expressly
Title: Royal_assent
Topic: History

Originally, legislative power was exercised by the sovereign acting on the advice of the Curia Regis, or Royal Council, in which important magnates and clerics participated and which evolved into parliament. The so-called Model Parliament included bishops, abbots, earls, barons, and two knights from each shire and two burgesses from each borough among its members. In 1265, the Earl of Leicester irregularly called a full parliament without royal authorisation. The body eventually came to be divided into two branches: bishops, abbots, earls, and barons formed the House of Lords, while the shire and borough representatives formed the House of Commons. The King would seek the advice and consent of both houses before making any law. During Henry VI's reign, it became regular practice for the two houses to originate legislation in the form of bills, which would not become law unless the sovereign's assent was obtained, as the sovereign was, and still remains, the enactor of laws. Hence, all acts include the clause "Be it enacted by the Queen's (King's) most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows...". The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 provide a second potential preamble if the House of Lords were to be excluded from the process.

Q1: What is another name for "Curia Regis"?
A1: Royal Council
Q2: Who was it that peculiarly called a full parliament without royal authorization in 1265?
A2: Earl of Leicester
Q3: As a result, the bishops, abbots, earls, and barons formed which body of parliament?
A3: House of Lords
Q4: Which body did the shire and borough representatives form?
A4: House of Commons
Q5: From what did parliament evolve?
A5: Curia Regis, or Royal Council
Q6: What positions were contained within the House of Lords?
A6: bishops, abbots, earls, and barons
Q7: Which branch of parliament contains shire and borough representatives?
A7: House of Commons
Q8: A bill could not become a law without whose assent?
A8: the sovereign
Q9: Who is considered the enactor of laws?
A9: the sovereign
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Originally, the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an alternative operating system. The most common workaround, is to boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application. Used even by Apple for A/UX and MkLinux, this technique is no longer necessary since the introduction of Open Firmware-based PCI Macs, though it was formerly used for convenience on many Old World ROM systems due to bugs in the firmware implementation.[citation needed] Now, Mac hardware boots directly from Open Firmware in most PowerPC-based Macs or EFI in all Intel-based Macs.

Q1: Which technique was once used to boot an alternate operating system than Mac OS?
A1: boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application
Q2: What was introduced that made using Mac OS alternative operating systems easier?
A2: Open Firmware-based PCI Macs
Q3: What were Open Firmware-based PCI Macs used as a convenience because of?
A3: bugs in the firmware implementation
Q4: Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs?
A4: EFI
Q5: Where does Mac harware boot directly to in most PowerPC-based Macs?
A5: Open Firmware
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe and later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls, professional wrestling grew into a standalone genre of entertainment with many diverse variations in cultures around the globe, and is now considered a multimillion-dollar entertainment industry. While it has greatly declined in Europe, in North America it has experienced several different periods of prominent cultural popularity during its century and a half of existence. The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet, and wrestling (along with boxing) was instrumental in making pay-per-view a viable method of content delivery.

Q1: What part of the world has wrestling become less popular in?
A1: it has greatly declined in Europe
Q2: Where did wrestling originally come from?
A2: Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe
Q3: Where was wrestling later showcased in North America?
A3: later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls
Q4: What is wrestling now thought to be?
A4: is now considered a multimillion-dollar entertainment industry
Q5: What did television do for wrestling?
A5: The advent of television gave professional wrestling a new outlet
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France.  Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair.

Q1: What airport does Ryanair use?
A1: Beauvais-Tillé Airport
Q2: Where is the hub for Air France?
A2: Charles de Gaulle Airport
Q3: What is the busiest airport in Paris?
A3: Charles de Gaulle Airport
Q4: Where is Orly airport located?
A4: southern suburbs of Paris
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Orontid Armenia formally passed to empire of Alexander the Great following his conquest of Persia. Alexander appointed an Orontid named Mithranes to govern Armenia. Armenia later became a vassal state of the Seleucid Empire, but it maintained a considerable degree of autonomy, retaining its native rulers. Towards the end 212 BC the country was divided into two kingdoms, Greater Armenia and Armenia Sophene including Commagene or Armenia Minor. The kingdoms became so independent from Seleucid control that Antiochus III the Great waged war on them during his reign and replaced their rulers.

Q1: Orontid Armenia was given to Alexander the Great after he took control of what area?
A1: Persia
Q2: Who did Alexander apoint to govern Armenia?
A2: Mithranes
Q3: Armenia became a vassal state of what Empire?
A3: Seleucid
Q4: What year did Armenia split into Greater Armenia and Armenia Sophene?
A4: 212 BC
Q5: Who attacked Armenia when they became too distant from Seleucid rule?
A5: Antiochus III the Great
Title: Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Orthodox Christianity includes a large number of traditions regarding the Ever Virgin Mary, the Theotokos. The Orthodox believe that she was and remained a virgin before and after Christ's birth. The Theotokia (i.e., hymns to the Theotokos) are an essential part of the Divine Services in the Eastern Church and their positioning within the liturgical sequence effectively places the Theotokos in the most prominent place after Christ. Within the Orthodox tradition, the order of the saints begins with: The Theotokos, Angels, Prophets, Apostles, Fathers, Martyrs, etc. giving the Virgin Mary precedence over the angels. She is also proclaimed as the "Lady of the Angels".

Q1: In Orthodox tradition, what comes next in precdence after The Theotokos in the order of the saints?
A1: Angels
Q2: What are hymns to the Theotokos called in Orthodox tradition?
A2: The Theotokia
Q3: In the liturgical sequences of the Eastern Church, who is placed next in prominence after Christ?
A3: the Theotokos
Q4: What is Mary proclaimed to be in the Orthodox tradition?
A4: "Lady of the Angels"
Q5: What do the Orthodox believe Mary remained to be before and after she gave birth to Christ?
A5: a virgin
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Orthodox Judaism collectively considers itself the only true heir to the Jewish tradition. The Orthodox Jewish movements consider all non-Orthodox Jewish movements to be unacceptable deviations from authentic Judaism; both because of other denominations' doubt concerning the verbal revelation of Written and Oral Torah, and because of their rejection of Halakhic precedent as binding. As such, Orthodox Jewish groups characterize non-Orthodox forms of Judaism as heretical; see the article on Relationships between Jewish religious movements.

Q1: What considers itself the only true heir to the Jewish tradition?
A1: Orthodox Judaism
Q2: What do Orthodox Jewish movements consider all other non-orthodox moments?
A2: unacceptable
Q3: What do Orthodox jewish groups characterize non-orthodox form of Judiasm as?
A3: heretical
Q4: Orthodox Jewish groups reject what precedent?
A4: Halakhic
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Orthodox Judaism considers views on the part of Jews who depart from traditional Jewish principles of faith heretical. In addition, the more right-wing groups within Orthodox Judaism hold that all Jews who reject the simple meaning of Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith are heretics. As such, most of Orthodox Judaism considers Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism heretical movements, and regards most of Conservative Judaism as heretical. The liberal wing of Modern Orthodoxy is more tolerant of Conservative Judaism, particularly its right wing, as there is some theological and practical overlap between these groups.

Q1: What does Orthodox Judaism regard Jews who depart from traditional practices as?
A1: heretical
Q2: What alignment within Orthodox Judaism view individuals as heretics that reject Maimonides's 13 principles of Jewish faith?
A2: right-wing groups
Q3: Which wing of Orthodox Judaism is stated as having a more tolerant view of Conservative Judaism?
A3: The liberal wing
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai, the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law. The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret them. Furthermore, the Oral law includes principles designed to create new rules. The Oral law is held to be transmitted with an extremely high degree of accuracy. Jewish theologians, who choose to emphasize the more evolutionary nature of the Halacha point to a famous story in the Talmud, where Moses is miraculously transported to the House of Study of Rabbi Akiva and is clearly unable to follow the ensuing discussion.

Q1: Where was the written law and the oral law transmitted?
A1: Mount Sinai
Q2: Who spoke the words of the Torah to Moses?
A2: God
Q3: What were the laws contained in the written Torah known as?
A3: Mitzvot
Q4: Where is Moses miraculously transported to?
A4: House of Study of Rabbi Akiva
Q5: What law is held to be transmitted with an extremely high degree of accuracy?
A5: Oral law
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how to apply and interpret them, the Oral Law. Although Orthodox Jews believe that many elements of current religious law were decreed or added as "fences" around the law by the rabbis, all Orthodox Jews believe that there is an underlying core of Sinaitic law and that this core of the religious laws Orthodox Jews know today is thus directly derived from Sinai and directly reflects the Divine will. As such, Orthodox Jews believe that one must be extremely careful in interpreting Jewish law. Orthodox Judaism holds that, given Jewish law's Divine origin, no underlying principle may be compromised in accounting for changing political, social or economic conditions; in this sense, "creativity" and development in Jewish law is limited.

Q1: What is the written law of the Torah known as?
A1: Pentateuch
Q2: Who dictated the oral law to Moses?
A2: God
Q3: What are the detailed explanations of how to apply and interpret the laws of the written Torah called?
A3: Oral Law
Q4: What is the law that is considered the core of religious laws Orthodox Jews know today?
A4: Sinaitic law
Q5: What is the origin of Jewish Law?
A5: Divine
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later authorities, known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. Orthodox Judaism generally includes Modern Orthodox Judaism (אורתודוקסיה מודרנית) and Ultra-Orthodox or Haredi Judaism (יהדות חרדית), but complete within is a wide range of philosophies. Although Orthodox Judaism would probably be considered the mainstream expression of Judaism prior to the 19th century, for some Orthodox Judaism is a modern self-identification that distinguishes it from traditional pre-modern Judaism.

Q1: What is the approach to Judiasm that subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation?
A1: Orthodox
Q2: What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism?
A2: Torah
Q3: what texts were legislated by the Tanarim and Amoraim?
A3: Talmudic
Q4: What besides Modern Orthodox Judaism does Orthodox Judaism consist of?
A4: Haredi Judaism
Q5: Orthodox Judaism is a self-identification that distinguishes it from what?
A5: pre-modern Judaism
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity. A Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition. Orthodoxy thus rejects patrilineal descent as a means of establishing Jewish identity. Similarly, Orthodoxy strongly condemns intermarriage. Intermarriage is seen as a deliberate rejection of Judaism, and an intermarried person is effectively cut off from most of the Orthodox community. However, some Orthodox Jewish organizations do reach out to intermarried Jews.

Q1: What maintains a historical understanding of jewish Identity?
A1: Orthodox Judaism
Q2: What does orthodoxy reject as a means of establishing Jewish identiy?
A2: patrilineal descent
Q3: What does Orthodoxy strongly condemn?
A3: intermarriage
Q4: What is intermarriage typically seen as?
A4: rejection of Judaism
Q5: What happens to most intermarried people in the orthodox community?
A5: cut off
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Oskar Luts was the most prominent prose writer of the early Estonian literature, who is still widely read today, especially his lyrical school novel Kevade (Spring). Anton Hansen Tammsaare's social epic and psychological realist pentalogy Truth and Justice captured the evolution of Estonian society from a peasant community to an independent nation. In modern times, Jaan Kross and Jaan Kaplinski are Estonia's best known and most translated writers. Among the most popular writers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries are Tõnu Õnnepalu and Andrus Kivirähk, who uses elements of Estonian folklore and mythology, deforming them into absurd and grotesque.

Q1: Who was the most famous prose writer in early Estonian history?
A1: Oskar Luts
Q2: What is the name of lyrical novel written by Oskar Luts?
A2: Kevade
Q3: What is the name of the book written by Anton Hansen Tammsaare?
A3: Truth and Justice
Q4: Who wrote a book detailing Estonia's rise from peasants to independence?
A4: Anton Hansen Tammsaare
Title: Diarrhea
Topic: Natural sciences

Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), in which the nutrients are left in the lumen to pull in water. Or it can be caused by osmotic laxatives (which work to alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels). In healthy individuals, too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose can produce osmotic diarrhea and distention of the bowel. A person who has lactose intolerance can have difficulty absorbing lactose after an extraordinarily high intake of dairy products. In persons who have fructose malabsorption, excess fructose intake can also cause diarrhea. High-fructose foods that also have a high glucose content are more absorbable and less likely to cause diarrhea. Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol (often found in sugar-free foods) are difficult for the body to absorb and, in large amounts, may lead to osmotic diarrhea. In most of these cases, osmotic diarrhea stops when offending agent (e.g. milk, sorbitol) is stopped.

Q1: What occures with osmotic diarrhea?
A1: s when too much water is drawn into the bowels
Q2: What causes osmotic diarrhea?
A2: If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel
Q3: How do osmotic lazatives work?
A3: alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels
Q4: What can cause osmotic diarrhea in healthy people?
A4: too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose
Title: Culture
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Other 19th-century critics, following Rousseau have accepted this differentiation between higher and lower culture, but have seen the refinement and sophistication of high culture as corrupting and unnatural developments that obscure and distort people's essential nature. These critics considered folk music (as produced by "the folk", i.e., rural, illiterate, peasants) to honestly express a natural way of life, while classical music seemed superficial and decadent. Equally, this view often portrayed indigenous peoples as "noble savages" living authentic and unblemished lives, uncomplicated and uncorrupted by the highly stratified capitalist systems of the West.

Q1: What type of music did critics associate with corrupt high culture?
A1: folk music
Q2: Which type of music seemed superficial and decadent?
A2: classical music
Q3: What was another name used for the corrupted high culture of the indigenous people?
A3: noble savages
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. In the Armenian diaspora, Armenian revolutionary songs are popular with the youth. These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.

Q1: What type of musician is Sahan Arzruni?
A1: pianist
Q2: What type of band was System of a Down?
A2: heavy metal
Q3: What type of songs do armenian youth prefer?
A3: Armenian revolutionary songs
Q4: What topics do armenian revolutionary songs usually encompass?
A4: Armenian history and national heroes
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

Other Christian denominations on the island include: Roman Catholic (since 1852), Salvation Army (since 1884), Baptist (since 1845) and, in more recent times, Seventh-day Adventist (since 1949), New Apostolic and Jehovah's Witnesses (of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands.

Q1: When did Roman Catholics start to appear on the island?
A1: 1852
Q2: What year did the Salvation Army show up on Saint Helenas?
A2: 1884
Q3: When did Baptists come to the island?
A3: 1845
Q4: How many Johovah's Witnesses were on the island?
A4: 35
Q5: When did the Seventh-day Adventist arrive on the island?
A5: 1949
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

Other Fortune 500 companies, while not headquartered in the area, do have a major presence. These include SunTrust Bank (based in Atlanta), Capital One Financial Corporation (officially based in McLean, Virginia, but founded in Richmond with its operations center and most employees in the Richmond area), and the medical and pharmaceutical giant McKesson (based in San Francisco). Capital One and Altria company's Philip Morris USA are two of the largest private Richmond-area employers. DuPont maintains a production facility in South Richmond known as the Spruance Plant. UPS Freight, the less-than-truckload division of UPS and formerly known as Overnite Transportation, has its corporate headquarters in Richmond.

Q1: Where is SunTrust Bank headquartered?
A1: Atlanta
Q2: What city is the headquarters of McKesson located in?
A2: San Francisco
Q3: Who owns Philip Morris USA?
A3: Altria
Q4: What DuPont factory is located in the Richmond area?
A4: Spruance Plant
Q5: What was the former name of UPS Freight?
A5: Overnite Transportation
Title: Presbyterianism
Topic: History

Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery, the Covenant Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Reformed Church, the Westminster Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Korean American Presbyterian Church, and the Free Presbyterian Church of North America.

Q1: What is the name of the first three listed reformed Presbyterian Church's in the United States?
A1: Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS)
Q2: What is the name of the Asian Presbyterian Church in the United States?
A2: Korean American Presbyterian Church
Q3: What is the full name of this American Presbyterian church under this abbreviation (ARP)?
A3: Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
Title: Digestion
Topic: Natural sciences

Other animals, such as rabbits and rodents, practise coprophagia behaviours - eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food, especially in the case of roughage. Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex digestive system as do, for example, ruminants. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft faecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. They also produce normal droppings, which are not eaten.

Q1: What is the practive of coprophagia behaviours?
A1: eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food
Q2: Why do some animals pass food through their gut twice?
A2: extract more nutrition
Q3: What happens with these soft feacal pellets?
A3: excreted and generally consumed immediately
Q4: Are normal droppings also eaten? 
A4: not eaten
Title: Genocide
Topic: History

Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in many instances of genocides and mass killing. They lead to scapegoating a group and ideologies that identified that group as an enemy. A history of devaluation of the group that becomes the victim, past violence against the group that becomes the perpetrator leading to psychological wounds, authoritarian cultures and political systems, and the passivity of internal and external witnesses (bystanders) all contribute to the probability that the violence develops into genocide. Intense conflict between groups that is unresolved, becomes intractable and violent can also lead to genocide. The conditions that lead to genocide provide guidance to early prevention, such as humanizing a devalued group, creating ideologies that embrace all groups, and activating bystander responses. There is substantial research to indicate how this can be done, but information is only slowly transformed into action.

Q1: In the build-up to genocide, what have other authors focused on?
A1: structural conditions
Q2: What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide?
A2: psychological and social
Q3: Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion?
A3: Ervin Staub
Q4: A history of what is just one factor that contributes to the probability of violence developing into genocide?
A4: devaluation of the group
Q5: What is one preventive effort in circumventing conditions that lead to genocide?
A5: humanizing a devalued group
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize (1981), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internazionale of the Italian Federico Nietzsche Society (1988). In 1992, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for "symbolising the open spirit of the 20th century" and for his "enormous influence on the formation of the modern intellectual climate".

Q1: In which year did Popper win the Karl Renner Prize?
A1: 1978
Q2: Which city made Popper part of its Ring of Honour in 1983?
A2: Vienna
Q3: What award given by a Japanese foundation did Popper win in 1992?
A3: Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy
Q4: Popper won the Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize in which year?
A4: 1981
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in Oklahoma; aggravated kidnapping in Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky and South Carolina; aircraft hijacking in Alabama and Mississippi; assault by an escaping capital felon in Colorado; armed robbery in Georgia; drug trafficking resulting in a person's death in Florida; train wrecking which leads to a person's death, and perjury which leads to a person's death in California, Colorado, Idaho and Nebraska.

Q1: What is a notable capital crime in Louisiana?
A1: aggravated rape
Q2: In what state is extortionate kidnapping a capital offense?
A2: Oklahoma
Q3: Along with Alabama, where is hijacking an aircraft a death penalty offense?
A3: Mississippi
Q4: In what state is armed robbery a capital crime?
A4: Georgia
Q5: In what states is perjury leading to death a capital offense?
A5: California, Colorado, Idaho and Nebraska
Title: Canon_law
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law.

Q1: What is a term for the Church of England and churches that align with it?
A1: the Anglican Communion
Q2: What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America?
A2: the Episcopal Church
Q3: What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in Canada?
A3: the Anglican Church of Canada
Q4: What do extant churches of the Anglican Communion still operate with?
A4: their own private systems of canon law
Title: Gothic_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Other cities with a concentration of secular Gothic include Bruges and Siena. Most surviving small secular buildings are relatively plain and straightforward; most windows are flat-topped with mullions, with pointed arches and vaulted ceilings often only found at a few focal points. The country-houses of the nobility were slow to abandon the appearance of being a castle, even in parts of Europe, like England, where defence had ceased to be a real concern. The living and working parts of many monastic buildings survive, for example at Mont Saint-Michel.

Q1: What is one city with an accumulation of secular Gothic structures? 
A1: Bruges
Q2: What is another city with an accumulation of secular Gothic structures? 
A2: Siena
Q3: What style are most windows on secular Gothic structures?
A3: flat-topped with mullions
Q4: Where are pointed arches and vaulted ceilings found on most secular Gothic structures?
A4: a few focal points
Q5: What is the name of the surviving monastic building in England? 
A5: Mont Saint-Michel
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Other city states formed federated states in self-defense, such as the Aetolian League (est. 370 BCE), the Achaean League (est. 280 BCE), the Boeotian league, the "Northern League" (Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium) and the "Nesiotic League" of the Cyclades. These federations involved a central government which controlled foreign policy and military affairs, while leaving most of the local governing to the city states, a system termed sympoliteia. In states such as the Achaean league, this also involved the admission of other ethnic groups into the federation with equal rights, in this case, non-Achaeans. The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league.

Q1: When was the Aetolian League formed?
A1: 370 BCE
Q2: When was the Achaean League formed?
A2: 280 BCE
Q3: Byzantium, Chalcedon, Heraclea Pontica and Tium formed what league?
A3: Northern League
Q4: What system delegates military and foreign affairs to the central government and local affairs to the city states?
A4: sympoliteia
Q5: What league freed Corinth?
A5: Achean
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.

Q1: What is the Italian term for the prime minister?
A1: president of the council of ministers
Q2: What is the native term for prime minister in Scandinavia?
A2: statsminister