LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking partnership with Ciputra Group, creating what its called 'Lotte Shopping Avenue' inside the Ciputra World Jakarta complex, as well as acquiring Makro and rebranding it into Lotte Mart.

Q1: What store did Parkson buy in 2011? 
A1: Centro Department Store
Q2: Where did Centro open it's first store of 2014?
A2: Medan
Q3: Who did Lotte partner with? 
A3: Ciputra Group
Q4: Where is the "Lotte Shopping Avenue" located? 
A4: Ciputra World Jakarta complex
Q5: What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase? 
A5: Lotte Mart
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

Parque Batlle (formerly: Parque de los Aliados, translation: "Park of the Allies") is a major public central park, located south of Avenida Italia and north of Avenue Rivera. Along with Parque Prado and Parque Rodó it is one of three large parks that dominate Montevideo. The park and surrounding area constitute one of the 62 neighbourhoods (barrios) of the city. The barrio of Parque Batlle is one of seven coastal barrios, the others being Buceo, Carrasco, Malvin, Pocitos, Punta Carretas, and Punta Gorda. The current barrio of Parque Battle includes four former districts: Belgrano, Italiano, Villa Dolores and Batlle Park itself and borders the neighbourhoods of La Blanqueada, Tres Cruces, Pocitos and Buceo. It has a high population density and most of its households are of medium-high- or high-income. Villa Dolores, a subdistrict of Parque Batlle, took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell y Rius and of Doña Dolores Pereira de Rossel. On their grounds, they started a private collection of animals that became a zoological garden and was passed to the city in 1919; in 1955 the Planetarium of Montevideo was built within its premises.

Q1: What major public central park is located south of Avenida Italia? 
A1: Parque Batlle
Q2: How many former districts does the current barrio of Parque Battle include? 
A2: four
Q3: What sub district of Parque Batlle took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell Y Rius?
A3: Villa Dolores
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

Parque Batlle is named in honour of José Batlle y Ordóñez, President of Uruguay from 1911 to 1915. The park was originally proposed by an Act of March 1907, which also projected wide boulevards and avenues. French landscape architect, Carlos Thays, began the plantings in 1911. In 1918, the park was named Parque de los Aliados, following the victory of the Allies of World War I. On 5 May 1930, after significant expansion, it was again renamed as Parque Batlle y Ordóñez, in memory of the prominent politician and president, who had died in 1929. The park was designated a National Historic Monument Park in 1975. As of 2010[update], the park covers an area of 60 hectares (150 acres) and is considered the "lung" of the Montevideo city due to the large variety of trees planted here.

Q1: Parque Batlle is named in honor of who?
A1: José Batlle y Ordóñez
Q2: Jose Batile y Ordonez was president of where? 
A2: Uruguay
Q3: Between what years was Jose batlle y Ordonez president of Uruguay? 
A3: 1911 to 1915
Q4: Parque Batlle was originally proposed by what?
A4: an Act of March 1907
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

Parque Rodó is both a barrio (neighbourhood) of Montevideo and a park which lies mostly outside the limits of the neighbourhood itself and belongs to Punta Carretas. The name "Rodó" commemorates José Enrique Rodó, an important Uruguayan writer whose monument is in the southern side of the main park. The park was conceived as a French-style city park. Apart from the main park area which is delimited by Sarmiento Avenue to the south, Parque Rodó includes an amusement park; the Estadio Luis Franzini, belonging to Defensor Sporting; the front lawn of the Faculty of Engineering and a strip west of the Club de Golf de Punta Carretas that includes the Canteras ("quarry") del Parque Rodó, the Teatro de Verano ("summer theatre") and the Lago ("lake") del Parque Rodó.

Q1: Parque Rodo belongs to who?
A1: Punta Carretas
Q2: What does the name "Rodo" commemorate? 
A2: José Enrique Rodó
Q3: Who was an important Uruguayan writer that is commemorated by Parque Rodo? 
A3: José Enrique Rodó
Q4: Parque Rodo was originally conceived as what?
A4: a French-style city park
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Part of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, and Disneyland in Paris, France, takes place on an elevator. The "stretching room" on the ride is actually an elevator that travels downwards, giving access to a short underground tunnel which leads to the rest of the attraction. The elevator has no ceiling and its shaft is decorated to look like walls of a mansion. Because there is no roof, passengers are able to see the walls of the shaft by looking up, which gives the illusion of the room stretching.

Q1:  The Haunted Mansion at Disneyland in California and the one in Paris, France sharewhat attribute?
A1: takes place on an elevator
Q2: What is the name of area that is really an elevator?
A2: The "stretching room"
Q3: What is included in the elevator's design?
A3: The elevator has no ceiling and its shaft is decorated to look like walls of a mansion
Q4: What is the illusion given by these effects?
A4: the illusion of the room stretching
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of Hungary) and John Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, the final battle of the Crusade of Varna, although Albanians under Skanderbeg continued to resist. Four years later, John Hunyadi prepared another army (of Hungarian and Wallachian forces) to attack the Turks but was again defeated by Murad II at the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448.

Q1: Who recovered Ottoman empire territories in the Balkans in the 1430s to the 1450s?
A1: Murad II
Q2: On what date were the armies under Władysław III defeated by Murad II?
A2: 10 November 1444
Q3: Władysław III of Poland was also the king of what?
A3: Hungary
Q4: What battle took place on 10 November 1444?
A4: Battle of Varna
Q5: In what battle did Murad II leave as the victory in 1448?
A5: Second Battle of Kosovo
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

Part of the Russian resistance was credited[by whom?] to the deployment of newly invented blockade mines. Perhaps the most influential contributor to the development of naval mining was a Swede resident in Russia, the inventor and civil engineer Immanuel Nobel (the father of Alfred Nobel). Immanuel Nobel helped the Russian war effort by applying his knowledge of industrial explosives, such as nitroglycerin and gunpowder. One account dates modern naval mining from the Crimean War: "Torpedo mines, if I may use this name given by Fulton to self-acting mines underwater, were among the novelties attempted by the Russians in their defences about Cronstadt and Sevastopol", as one American officer put it in 1860.

Q1: What greatly benefited the Russian resistance?
A1: newly invented blockade mines
Q2: Who contributed the most to developing naval mining?
A2: Immanuel Nobel
Q3: Immanuel Noble had expensive knowledge in what field?
A3: industrial explosives
Q4: Who named the torpedo mines?
A4: Fulton
Q5: What was Immanuel Nobel son's name?
A5: Alfred Nobel
Title: Phonology
Topic: Language and literature

Part of the phonological study of a language therefore involves looking at data (phonetic transcriptions of the speech of native speakers) and trying to deduce what the underlying phonemes are and what the sound inventory of the language is. The presence or absence of minimal pairs, as mentioned above, is a frequently used criterion for deciding whether two sounds should be assigned to the same phoneme. However, other considerations often need to be taken into account as well.

Q1: What type of language study involves trying to deduce underlying phonomes?
A1: phonological
Q2: Aside from finding out what underlying phonemes are there what does the phonological study of a language try to find out about the language?
A2: sound inventory
Q3: What kind of speaker data does studying a language phonologically involve examining? 
A3: native
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Parthia was a north-eastern Iranian satrapy of the Achaemenid empire which later passed on to Alexander's empire. Under the Seleucids, Parthia was governed by various Greek satraps such as Nicanor and Philip (satrap). In 247 BC, following the death of Antiochus II Theos, Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, proclaimed his independence and began minting coins showing himself wearing a royal diadem and claiming kingship. He ruled until 238 BCE when Arsaces, the leader of the Parni tribe conquered Parthia, killing Andragoras and inaugurating the Arsacid Dynasty. Antiochus III recaptured Arsacid controlled territory in 209 BC from Arsaces II. Arsaces II sued for peace became a vassal of the Seleucids and it was not until the reign of Phraates I (168–165 BCE), that the Arsacids would again begin to assert their independence.

Q1: When did Andragoras proclaim his independence?
A1: 247 BC
Q2: When did Andragoras' reign end?
A2: 238 BCE
Q3: Who killed Andragoras?
A3: Arsaces
Q4: What tribe was Arsaces the leader of?
A4: Parni
Q5: When did Antiochus III regain territory from Arsaces II?
A5: 209 BC
Title: Premier_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland. Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.

Q1: Are there any clubs Scotland or Ireland in the Premier League?
A1: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result.
Q2: Which team received permission to move to Dublin, Ireland in 1998?
A2: in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland,
Q3: Why didn't they move to Dublin?
A3: the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.
Q4: What are Scotland's two largest teams?
A4: Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers,
Q5: Which team received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin?
A5: Wimbledon
Q6: In which year did a Premier League team consider relocating to Ireland?
A6: 1998
Q7: Who occasionally discusses a Scottish team joining the Premier League?
A7: the media
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Particularly since the mid-1960s there have been advances in understanding of the physics of plant physiological processes such as transpiration (the transport of water within plant tissues), the temperature dependence of rates of water evaporation from the leaf surface and the molecular diffusion of water vapour and carbon dioxide through stomatal apertures. These developments, coupled with new methods for measuring the size of stomatal apertures, and the rate of photosynthesis have enabled precise description of the rates of gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Innovations in statistical analysis by Ronald Fisher, Frank Yates and others at Rothamsted Experimental Station facilitated rational experimental design and data analysis in botanical research. The discovery and identification of the auxin plant hormones by Kenneth V. Thimann in 1948 enabled regulation of plant growth by externally applied chemicals. Frederick Campion Steward pioneered techniques of micropropagation and plant tissue culture controlled by plant hormones. The synthetic auxin 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4-D was one of the first commercial synthetic herbicides.

Q1: What is transpiration?
A1: the transport of water within plant tissues
Q2: What influences water evaporation on leaves?
A2: temperature
Q3: What influences the rate of gas produced by plants?
A3: rate of photosynthesis
Q4: What enables the regulation of plant growth?
A4: auxin plant hormones
Q5: What can auxin plant hormones also be used as?
A5: herbicides
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

Partly because of low sanitation coverage about 17,000 children die each year because of diarrhoea. Another challenge is low cost recovery due to water tariffs that are among the lowest in the world. This in turn requires government subsidies even for operating costs, a situation that has been aggravated by salary increases without tariff increases after the Arab Spring. Poor operation of facilities, such as water and wastewater treatment plants, as well as limited government accountability and transparency, are also issues.

Q1: Because of low sanitation coverage 17,000 Egyptian children to die each year from what condition?
A1: diarrhoea
Q2: Relative to other countries of world how do Egypts's water tariffs compare?
A2: among the lowest in the world
Q3: Due to low waer tariffs, what is required to maintain water treatment operation?
A3: government subsidies
Title: Rajasthan
Topic: Geography and places

Parts of what is now Rajasthan were part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Kalibangan, in Hanumangarh district, was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization,. It is believed that Western Kshatrapas (405–35 BC) were Saka rulers of the western part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Southern Sindh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan). They were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were contemporaneous with the Kushans, who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with their calendar), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state. Matsya, a state of the Vedic civilisation of India, is said to roughly corresponded to the former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of Bharatpur. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar (modern Bairat), which is said to have been named after its founder king Virata.

Q1: Some portions of Rajasthan were involved with what ancient civilization?
A1: the Indus Valley Civilization
Q2: In what Indus Valley Civilization district was Kalibangan within?
A2: Hanumangarh district
Q3: What were the Saka Rulers of Western India believed to be called?
A3: Western Kshatrapas
Q4: Over what time period were the Western Kshatrapas in power?
A4: 405–35 BC
Q5: The Kushans ruled what part of the Indian subcontinent?
A5: the northern part
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his opinion, more like a modern soap opera than other religious systems. Bertrand du Castel and Timothy Jurgensen demonstrate through formalization that Boyer's explanatory model matches physics' epistemology in positing not directly observable entities as intermediaries. Anthropologist Stewart Guthrie contends that people project human features onto non-human aspects of the world because it makes those aspects more familiar. Sigmund Freud also suggested that god concepts are projections of one's father.

Q1: How does Pascal Boyer believe that gods and other supernatural beings behave?
A1: much like people
Q2: Why does Stewart Guthrie believe that people project their human features onto non human things?
A2: it makes those aspects more familiar
Q3: What did Frued believe about the belief in God?
A3: god concepts are projections of one's father
Q4: What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer?
A4: The construction of gods and spirits like persons
Q5: Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world?
A5: Pascal Boyer
Q6: How do supernatural entities act?
A6: much like people
Q7: Which religion does Boyer equate with a modern soap opera?
A7: Greek mythology
Q8: Who believed that gods are just projections of a person's father?
A8: Sigmund Freud
Title: Republic_of_the_Congo
Topic: Geography and places

Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.

Q1: Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?
A1: Pascal Lissouba
Q2: Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?
A2: IMF
Q3: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?
A3: civil war
Q4: What does ESAF stand for?
A4: enhanced structural adjustment facility
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Passenger elevators capacity is related to the available floor space. Generally passenger elevators are available in capacities from 500 to 2,700 kg (1,000–6,000 lb) in 230 kg (500 lb) increments.[citation needed] Generally passenger elevators in buildings of eight floors or fewer are hydraulic or electric, which can reach speeds up to 1 m/s (200 ft/min) hydraulic and up to 152 m/min (500 ft/min) electric. In buildings up to ten floors, electric and gearless elevators are likely to have speeds up to 3 m/s (500 ft/min), and above ten floors speeds range 3 to 10 m/s (500–2,000 ft/min).[citation needed]

Q1: What dictates passenger elevator capacities?
A1: the available floor space
Q2: What capacities are passenger elevators availablee in?
A2: from 500 to 2,700 kg (1,000–6,000 lb) in 230 kg (500 lb) increments
Q3: What types of passenger elevators are installed in structures of up to eight floors?
A3: hydraulic or electric
Q4: Hydraulic elevators can reach speeds up to 1m/s or how many feet per minute?
A4: 200
Q5: Electric elevators can reach speeds up to 3 m/s or how many feet per minute?
A5: 500
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Passive air defence is defined by NATO as "Passive measures taken for the physical defence and protection of personnel, essential installations and equipment in order to minimize the effectiveness of air and/or missile attack". It remains a vital activity by ground forces and includes camouflage and concealment to avoid detection by reconnaissance and attacking aircraft. Measures such as camouflaging important buildings were common in the Second World War. During the Cold War the runways and taxiways of some airfields were painted green.

Q1: What does NATO define as passive measures to protect people, buildings and equipment from air or missile attacks?
A1: Passive air defence
Q2: Which group is heavily responsible for passive air defence?
A2: ground forces
Q3: Passive air defence includes camouflage and what?
A3: concealment
Q4: What was camouflaged during World War II?
A4: important buildings
Q5: Some airfield runways were painted green during what war?
A5: the Cold War
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.

Q1: To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age?
A1: 66
Q2: To what did Passos Coelho announce cuts to?
A2: pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses
Q3: Which obligatory class was abolished from Basic Education?
A3: English
Q4: What did the instituting of these policies lead to?
A4: social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Past problems with hydraulic elevators include underground electrolytic destruction of the cylinder and bulkhead, pipe failures, and control failures. Single bulkhead cylinders, typically built prior to a 1972 ASME A17.1 Elevator Safety Code change requiring a second dished bulkhead, were subject to possible catastrophic failure. The code previously permitted only single-bottom hydraulic cylinders. In the event of a cylinder breach, the fluid loss results in uncontrolled down movement of the elevator. This creates two significant hazards: being subject to an impact at the bottom when the elevator stops suddenly and being in the entrance for a potential shear if the rider is partly in the elevator. Because it is impossible to verify the system at all times, the code requires periodic testing of the pressure capability. Another solution to protect against a cylinder blowout is to install a plunger gripping device. One commercially available is known by the marketing name "LifeJacket". This is a device which, in the event of an uncontrolled downward acceleration, nondestructively grips the plunger and stops the car. A device known as an overspeed or rupture valve is attached to the hydraulic inlet/outlet of the cylinder and is adjusted for a maximum flow rate. If a pipe or hose were to break (rupture), the flow rate of the rupture valve will surpass a set limit and mechanically stop the outlet flow of hydraulic fluid, thus stopping the plunger and the car in the down direction.

Q1: Underground electrolytic malfunctions in hydraulic elevators can result in the destruction of what? 
A1: the cylinder and bulkhead
Q2: What Elevator Safety Code change required a second dished bulkhead? 
A2: 1972 ASME A17.1
Q3: Before the code change was enacted what was the only permitted hydraulic cylinder type?
A3: single-bottom
Q4: Once the cylinder is breached, what calamity does the loss of fluid cause?
A4: uncontrolled down movement of the elevator
Q5: What testing does the code require?
A5: periodic testing of the pressure capability
Title: Central_African_Republic
Topic: Geography and places

Patassé purged many of the Kolingba elements from the government and Kolingba supporters accused Patassé's government of conducting a "witch hunt" against the Yakoma. A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country's politics. In 1996–1997, reflecting steadily decreasing public confidence in the government's erratic behaviour, three mutinies against Patassé's administration were accompanied by widespread destruction of property and heightened ethnic tension. During this time (1996) the Peace Corps evacuated all its volunteers to neighboring Cameroon. To date, the Peace Corps has not returned to the Central African Republic. The Bangui Agreements, signed in January 1997, provided for the deployment of an inter-African military mission, to Central African Republic and re-entry of ex-mutineers into the government on 7 April 1997. The inter-African military mission was later replaced by a U.N. peacekeeping force (MINURCA).

Q1: When was the new constitution for CAR approved?
A1: 28 December 1994
Q2: When did a mutiny form against Patasse?
A2: In 1996–1997
Q3: The mutinies caused what effects on the country?
A3: widespread destruction of property
Q4: Where did the peace corps evacuate to?
A4: Cameroon
Q5: What agreement gave the authority for deployment of military intervention?
A5: The Bangui Agreements
Title: Intellectual_property
Topic: History

Patent infringement typically is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission from the patent holder. The scope of the patented invention or the extent of protection is defined in the claims of the granted patent. There is safe harbor in many jurisdictions to use a patented invention for research. This safe harbor does not exist in the US unless the research is done for purely philosophical purposes, or in order to gather data in order to prepare an application for regulatory approval of a drug. In general, patent infringement cases are handled under civil law (e.g., in the United States) but several jurisdictions incorporate infringement in criminal law also (for example, Argentina, China, France, Japan, Russia, South Korea).

Q1: What is caused by using or selling a patented invention without permission?
A1: Patent infringement
Q2: Where does the safe harbor to use a patented invention for research generally not exist?
A2: in the US
Q3: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in the US?
A3: civil
Q4: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in China?
A4: criminal
Q5: What type of law handles patent infringement cases in Russia?
A5: criminal
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented. In 2001, the WTO adopted the Doha Declaration, which indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies: via compulsory licensing or parallel imports, even before patent expiration.

Q1: Who adopted the Doha Declaration?
A1: World Trade Organization
Q2: What did the TRIPS agreement accomplish?
A2: countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented
Q3: Why are patents criticized?
A3: thought to reduce access to existing medicines
Q4: What did the Doha Declaration do?
A4: indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies
Q5: When was the Doha Declaration adopted?
A5: 2001
Q6: What has been accused of reducing access to medicines in developing countries?
A6: Patents
Q7: When did the World Trade Organization adopt the Doha Declaration?
A7: 2001
Q8: The Doha Declaration allows for what ways for monopolies to be bypassed?
A8: compulsory licensing or parallel imports
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

Patience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.

Q1: Who was the Oklahoma Cities  first female mayor?
A1: Patience Latting
Q2: When was Patience Latting elected?
A2: 1971
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that "after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them." Wang and Nyima state that, despite the fact that the Ming refrained from sending troops to subdue Tibet and refrained from garrisoning Ming troops there, these measures were unnecessary so long as the Ming court upheld close ties with Tibetan vassals and their forces. However, there were instances in the 14th century when the Hongwu Emperor did use military force to quell unrest in Tibet. John D. Langlois writes that there was unrest in Tibet and western Sichuan, which the Marquis Mu Ying (沐英) was commissioned to quell in November 1378 after he established a Taozhou garrison in Gansu. Langlois notes that by October 1379, Mu Ying had allegedly captured 30,000 Tibetan prisoners and 200,000 domesticated animals. Yet invasion went both ways; the Ming general Qu Neng, under the command of Lan Yu, was ordered to repel a Tibetan assault into Sichuan in 1390.

Q1: When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force in Tibet?
A1: the 14th century
Q2: When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell?
A2: November 1378
Q3: How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture?
A3: 30,000
Q4: How many animals did Mu Ying capture?
A4: 200,000
Q5: Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into Sichuan?
A5: Ming general Qu Neng
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

Patronage refers to favoring supporters, for example with government employment. This may be legitimate, as when a newly elected government changes the top officials in the administration in order to effectively implement its policy. It can be seen as corruption if this means that incompetent persons, as a payment for supporting the regime, are selected before more able ones. In nondemocracies many government officials are often selected for loyalty rather than ability. They may be almost exclusively selected from a particular group (for example, Sunni Arabs in Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the nomenklatura in the Soviet Union, or the Junkers in Imperial Germany) that support the regime in return for such favors. A similar problem can also be seen in Eastern Europe, for example in Romania, where the government is often accused of patronage (when a new government comes to power it rapidly changes most of the officials in the public sector).

Q1: Giving government jobs to supporters is called what?
A1: Patronage
Q2: What country quickly changes most people working in government position when a new government comes into power?
A2: Romania
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

Patterns such as those seen in human physical and genetic variation as described above, have led to the consequence that the number and geographic location of any described races is highly dependent on the importance attributed to, and quantity of, the traits considered. Scientists discovered a skin-lighting mutation that partially accounts for the appearance of Light skin in humans (people who migrated out of Africa northward into what is now Europe) which they estimate occurred 20,000 to 50,000 years ago. The East Asians owe their relatively light skin to different mutations. On the other hand, the greater the number of traits (or alleles) considered, the more subdivisions of humanity are detected, since traits and gene frequencies do not always correspond to the same geographical location. Or as Ossorio & Duster (2005) put it:

Q1: What is the consequence of the number and geographic location ascribed to a race highly dependent on?
A1: the importance attributed to, and quantity of, the traits considered.
Q2: What mutation did scientists discover?
A2: skin-lighting
Q3: What partially accounts for the appearance of light skin in humans?
A3: mutation
Q4: What do East Asians have to thank for their relatively light skin?
A4: different mutations
Q5: Traits and gene frequencies do not always correspond to what type of location?
A5: geographical
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Paul VI did away with much of the regal splendor of the papacy. He was the last pope to date to be crowned; his successor Pope John Paul I replaced the Papal Coronation (which Paul had already substantially modified, but which he left mandatory in his 1975 apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo) with a Papal Inauguration. Paul VI donated his own Papal Tiara, a gift from his former Archdiocese of Milan, to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC (where it is on permanent display in the Crypt) as a gift to American Catholics.

Q1: What did Paul VI donate to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception ?
A1: Papal Tiara
Q2: What group gave Paul VI his Papal tiara?
A2: Archdiocese of Milan
Q3: Where is the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception located?
A3: Washington, DC
Q4: Who was the last pope to be crowned?
A4: Paul VI
Q5: What ceremony had Paul VI left in place in in the 1975 apostolic constitution?
A5: Papal Coronation
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Paul VI did renounce many traditional symbols of the papacy and the Catholic Church; some of his changes to the papal dress were reversed by Pope Benedict XVI in the early 21st century. Refusing a Vatican army of colourful military uniforms from centuries, he got rid of them. He became the first pope to visit five continents. Paul VI systematically continued and completed the efforts of his predecessors, to turn the Euro-centric Church into a Church of the world, by integrating the bishops from all continents in its government and in the Synods which he convened. His 6 August 1967 motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane opened the Roman Curia to the bishops of the world. Until then, only Cardinals could be leading members of the Curia.

Q1: What type of theatrical uniforms did Paul VI eradicate from the Vatican?
A1: army
Q2: Who was the first pope to visit five continents?
A2: Paul VI
Q3: Where did Paul Vi turn the focus of the church toward during his papacy?
A3: world
Q4: What group of clergy did Paul VI include in Vatican decision making that had previously been denied influence in this realm?
A4: bishops
Q5: What papal statement under Paul VI opened the Vatican doors to global influences?
A5: motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Paul VI opened the third period on 14 September 1964, telling the Council Fathers that he viewed the text about the Church as the most important document to come out from the Council. As the Council discussed the role of bishops in the papacy, Paul VI issued an explanatory note confirming the primacy of the papacy, a step which was viewed by some as meddling in the affairs of the Council American bishops pushed for a speedy resolution on religious freedom, but Paul VI insisted this to be approved together with related texts such as ecumenism. The Pope concluded the session on 21 November 1964, with the formal pronouncement of Mary as Mother of the Church.

Q1: What topic did Paul VI see as the most important to the church counsel?
A1: Church
Q2: Who did Paul VI feel was most important in the Catholic Hierarchy?
A2: papacy
Q3: What did the American Counsel of Bishops rally for?
A3: religious freedom
Q4: What Saint did Paul VI denote as mother of the Catholic church?
A4: Mary
Q5: In what year did Paul VI formally appoint Mary as mother of the Catholic church?
A5: 1964
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Paul VI revolutionized papal elections by ordering that only cardinals below the age of eighty might participate in future conclaves. In Ecclesiae Sanctae, his motu proprio of 6 August 1966, he further invited all bishops to offer their retirement to the pontiff no later than the completion of their 75th year of age. This requirement was extended to all Cardinals of the Catholic Church on 21 November 1970. With these two stipulations, the Pope filled several positions with younger bishops and cardinals, and further internationalized the Roman Curia in light of several resignations due to age.

Q1: At what age were cardinals restricted by Paul Vi from participating in conclaves?
A1: eighty
Q2: At what age were bishops required to retire by Paul VI?
A2: 75
Q3: At what age were cardinals subsequently required to retire in an edict issued in 1970?
A3: 75
Q4: What did Paul VI over hall with age and retirement restrictions?
A4: papal elections
Q5: When was Paul Vi's Ecclesiae Sanctae issued?
A5: 1966
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels. When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies, the pope walked towards him and exclaimed, "as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned, I am totally in favour." He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967, the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians, overcoming all linguistic difficulties, according to Christian tradition.

Q1: Who was Paul VI in favor of cooperating with in the translation of the bible?
A1: Protestant Bible societies
Q2: Who asked Paul VI for permission to cooperate with Protestants to translate the bible?
A2: Cardinal Augustin Bea
Q3: In what year did Paul VI officially declare his support of a cross faith translation of the bible?
A3: 1967
Q4: What group of Christians did Paul VI support and approve of cooperation with?
A4: Protestants
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Paul VI was concerned but not surprised by the negative reaction in Western Europe and the United States. He fully anticipated this reaction to be a temporary one: "Don't be afraid", he reportedly told Edouard Gagnon on the eve of the encyclical, "in twenty years time they'll call me a prophet." His biography on the Vatican's website notes of his reaffirmations of priestly celibacy and the traditional teaching on contraception that "[t]he controversies over these two pronouncements tended to overshadow the last years of his pontificate". Pope John Paul II later reaffirmed and expanded upon Humanae vitae with the encyclical Evangelium vitae.

Q1: To whom did Paul VI tell "not to be afraid" when the church released its statement on birth control?
A1: Edouard Gagnon
Q2: What did Paul VI declare he would be seen as in 25 years?
A2: prophet
Q3: To which pope can the Evangelium Vitae be attributed to?
A3: Pope John Paul II
Q4: Which pope affirmed Paul VI Humanae Vitae?
A4: Pope John Paul II
Q5: To what did Western Europe and the United States demonstrate a negative response?
A5: the encyclical
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Paul VI was the first pope to receive an Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury, Michael Ramsey in official audience as Head of Church, after the private audience visit of Archbishop Geoffrey Fisher to Pope John XXIII on 2 December 1960. Ramsey met Paul three times during his visit and opened the Anglican Centre in Rome to increase their mutual knowledge. He praised Paul VI[e] and his contributions in the service of unity. Paul replied that "by entering into our house, you are entering your own house, we are happy to open our door and heart to you." The two Church leaders signed a common declaration, which put an end to the disputes of the past and outlined a common agenda for the future.

Q1: Who was the first pope to meet with an Anglican Archbishop as an official Head of Church since 1960?
A1: Paul VI
Q2: Who was Archbishop of Canterbury during Paul VI papacy?
A2: Michael Ramsey
Q3: How many times did Archbishop Ramsey meet with Paul VI?
A3: three
Q4: What center did Archbishop Ramsey open in Rome to improve Anglican and Catholic relations?
A4: Anglican Centre
Q5: In what Italian center was the Anglican center opened in by Archbishop Ramsey?
A5: Rome
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus was not an isolated event in history, but a cosmic event with significant eschatological consequences, as in 1 Corinthians 2:8. In the Pauline view, Jesus, obedient to the point of death (Philippians 2:8) died "at the right time" (Romans 4:25) based on the plan of God. For Paul the "power of the cross" is not separable from the Resurrection of Jesus.

Q1: Who's Christology focuses on the death and Resurrection?
A1: Paul's Christology
Q2: How is the crucifixion related to the resurrection per Paul?
A2: directly related
Q3: What term does Paul use for the Gospels?
A3: the cross of Christ
Q4: Paul claims the Resurrection was needed for what reason?
A4: based on the plan of God
Q5: How does Paul view the Resurrection of Jesus?
A5: power of the cross
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage.

Q1: Which country became Britain's main rival in the 18th century?
A1: France
Q2: When did England and the Netherlands make peace?
A2: 1688
Q3: In which war were England and the Netherlands allies?
A3: Nine Years' War
Q4: In which century did Britain become the world's dominant colonial power?
A4: 18th
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with "all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia "the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33

Q1: Where was the Treaty of Paris signed?
A1: the Congress of Paris
Q2: What year was the Treaty of Paris signed?
A2: 1856
Q3: Who agreed to not have any military arsenal on the Black Sea coast?
A3: the Tsar and the Sultan
Q4: Who were the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia later return to?
A4: the Ottoman Empire
Q5: Who returned towns and seaports to Russia?
A5: The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the "Houillière zone", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High "massifs" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively few high peaked massifs. Similarly the peaks in Switzerland extending to western Austria (Helvetic nappes) consist of thin-skinned sedimentary folding that detached from former basement rock.

Q1: What area do peaks in France, Italy, and Switzerland lie in? 
A1: Houillière zone
Q2: What are more common in the Western Alps?
A2: High "massifs"
Q3: When compared to the Western Alps, what area has few high peaked massifs?
A3: Eastern Alps
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the upper classes. Landholding patterns in the West were not uniform; some areas had greatly fragmented landholding patterns, but in other areas large contiguous blocks of land were the norm. These differences allowed for a wide variety of peasant societies, some dominated by aristocratic landholders and others having a great deal of autonomy. Land settlement also varied greatly. Some peasants lived in large settlements that numbered as many as 700 inhabitants. Others lived in small groups of a few families and still others lived on isolated farms spread over the countryside. There were also areas where the pattern was a mix of two or more of those systems. Unlike in the late Roman period, there was no sharp break between the legal status of the free peasant and the aristocrat, and it was possible for a free peasant's family to rise into the aristocracy over several generations through military service to a powerful lord.

Q1: How many people might live in a large peasant settlement?
A1: 700
Q2: What was a way in which a free peasant might become an aristocrat?
A2: military service
Q3: In what century did written records of peasant life begin to appear?
A3: 9th
Q4: Along with aristocratic writers, where do contemporary written descriptions of peasants come from?
A4: law codes
Q5: What field produces most of the finding about peasants from this era?
A5: archaeology
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralized, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder. Peel decided to standardise the police force as an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public.

Q1: Who was the 'father of modern policing'?
A1: Peel
Q2: Whose philosophy influenced Peel?
A2: Jeremy Bentham
Q3: What political position did Bentham think police should have?
A3: neutral
Q4: How did Peel standardize police?
A4: as an official paid profession
Q5: How did Peel organize police?
A5: in a civilian fashion
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Peer acceptance and social norms gain a significantly greater hand in directing behavior at the onset of adolescence; as such, the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped largely by the substance use of friends and other classmates. In fact, studies suggest that more significantly than actual drug norms, an individual's perception of the illicit drug use by friends and peers is highly associated with his or her own habits in substance use during both middle and high school, a relationship that increases in strength over time. Whereas social influences on alcohol use and marijuana use tend to work directly in the short term, peer and friend norms on smoking cigarettes in middle school have a profound effect on one's own likelihood to smoke cigarettes well into high school. Perhaps the strong correlation between peer influence in middle school and cigarette smoking in high school may be explained by the addictive nature of cigarettes, which could lead many students to continue their smoking habits from middle school into late adolescence.

Q1: What does the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped by?
A1: the substance use of friends and other classmates
Q2: What is one possible reasoning behind many students choosing to continue their smoking habits from middle school into late adolescence?
A2: addictive nature of cigarettes
Q3: Do peer acceptance and social norms have a greater or lesser effect on behavior at the onset of adolescence?
A3: significantly greater