LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slavery in Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India; reorganized the army and the navy; restructured the University of Coimbra, and ended discrimination against different Christian sects in Portugal.

Q1: Did the King's confidence in de Melo increase or decrease?
A1: increased
Q2: What title was given to de Melo in 1755?
A2: Prime Minister
Q3: With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with?
A3: British
Q4: Who abolished slavery in Portugal?
A4: Sebastião de Melo
Q5: Who ended discrimination against difference Christian sects in Portugal?
A5: Sebastião de Melo
Title: Royal_Dutch_Shell
Topic: Natural sciences

As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island. Following the accident, a Fortune magazine contacted Larry McKinney, the executive director at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M, and he explained that "A two-month delay in the Arctic is not a two-month delay ... A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season."

Q1: Why was the Kulluk oil rig being towed to Washington?
A1: to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season
Q2: What caused towing crews and rescue service to lose control while the Kulluk rig was in transport to Washington?
A2: a winter storm
Q3: On January 1, 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast of which island?
A3: Sitkalidak
Q4: Following the incident, which magazine contacted Larry McKinney?
A4: Fortune
Q5: Larry McKinney explained that a two-month delay in drilling could do what?
A5: wipe out the entire drilling season
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such as Britain.

Q1: Imperial units where once used to express the dimensions of a what?
A1: football pitch
Q2: Laws were formulated in what country?
A2: England
Q3: What unit of measurement is now expressed by the Laws?
A3: metric
Q4: The use of imperial units is still popular in what kind of countries?
A4: English-speaking
Title: Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

As the Nintendo Entertainment System grew in popularity and entered millions of American homes, some small video rental shops began buying their own copies of NES games, and renting them out to customers for around the same price as a video cassette rental for a few days. Nintendo received no profit from the practice beyond the initial cost of their game, and unlike movie rentals, a newly released game could hit store shelves and be available for rent on the same day. Nintendo took steps to stop game rentals, but didn't take any formal legal action until Blockbuster Video began to make game rentals a large-scale service. Nintendo claimed that allowing customers to rent games would significantly hurt sales and drive up the cost of games. Nintendo lost the lawsuit, but did win on a claim of copyright infringement. Blockbuster was banned from including original, copyrighted instruction booklets with their rented games. In compliance with the ruling, Blockbuster produced their own short instructions—usually in the form of a small booklet, card, or label stuck on the back of the rental box—that explained the game's basic premise and controls. Video rental shops continued the practice of renting video games and still do today.

Q1: Who caused Nintendo to take formal action regarding rentals?
A1: Blockbuster Video
Q2: According to Nintendo what was the danger in renting games?
A2: would significantly hurt sales and drive up the cost of games
Q3: Blockbuster was banned from including what with their games?
A3: copyrighted instruction booklets
Q4: What did Blockbuster do instead of use copyrighted instruction booklets?
A4: produced their own short instructions
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

As the Ottoman Empire gradually shrank in size, some 7–9 million Turkish-Muslims from its former territories in the Caucasus, Crimea, Balkans, and the Mediterranean islands migrated to Anatolia and Eastern Thrace. After the Empire lost the Balkan Wars (1912–13), it lost all its Balkan territories except East Thrace (European Turkey). This resulted in around 400,000 Muslims fleeing with the retreating Ottoman armies (with many dying from cholera brought by the soldiers), and with some 400,000 non-Muslims fleeing territory still under Ottoman rule. Justin McCarthy estimates that during the period 1821 to 1922 several million Muslims died in the Balkans, with the expulsion of a similar number.

Q1: Millions of Muslims left the empire and migrated to what places?
A1: Anatolia and Eastern Thrace
Q2: When did the Balkan Wars take place?
A2: 1912–13
Q3: What was the sole territory that the empire kept in the Balkans after 1913?
A3: East Thrace (European Turkey)
Q4: How many Muslims fled the Balkans with the Ottoman armies?
A4: 400,000
Q5: Which individual estimated millions of Muslim deaths in the Balkans in the late 19th and early 20th century?
A5: Justin McCarthy
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

As the Ottoman state attempted to modernize its infrastructure and army in response to threats from the outside, it also opened itself up to a different kind of threat: that of creditors. Indeed, as the historian Eugene Rogan has written, "the single greatest threat to the independence of the Middle East" in the nineteenth century "was not the armies of Europe but its banks." The Ottoman state, which had begun taking on debt with the Crimean War, was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1875. By 1881, the Ottoman Empire agreed to have its debt controlled by an institution known as the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, a council of European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain. The body controlled swaths of the Ottoman economy, and used its position to insure that European capital continued to penetrate the empire, often to the detriment of local Ottoman interests.

Q1: What historian wrote that banks were the single greatest threat to mid-east independence? 
A1: Eugene Rogan
Q2: In what year did the Ottoman Empire declare bankruptcy?
A2: 1875
Q3: What was the administration that the empire used to control its debt called?
A3: Ottoman Public Debt Administration
Q4: Who served on the debt controlling administration of the Ottoman Empire?
A4: European men with presidency alternating between France and Britain.
Q5: European capital in the Ottoman empire resulted in what?
A5: the detriment of local Ottoman interests
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

As the President, Tito had access to extensive (state-owned) property associated with the office, and maintained a lavish lifestyle. In Belgrade he resided in the official residence, the Beli dvor, and maintained a separate private home. The Brijuni islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on. The pavilion was designed by Jože Plečnik, and included a zoo. Close to 100 foreign heads of state were to visit Tito at the island residence, along with film stars such as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Sophia Loren, Carlo Ponti, and Gina Lollobrigida.

Q1: What is the name of the official residence in Belgrade?
A1: Beli dvor
Q2: What islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on?
A2: Brijuni
Q3: Who designed the pavilion at the State Summer Residence?
A3: Jože Plečnik
Q4: In what city was the official residence for Tito?
A4: Belgrade
Q5: Film stars including Elizabeth Taylor visited what island residence of Tito?
A5: State Summer Residence
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write. Colleges and universities were founded. For example, the Puritans who established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628 founded Harvard College only eight years later. About a dozen other colleges followed in the 18th century, including Yale (1701). Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning.

Q1: What did Reformers increase so that their followers could read the Bible?
A1: education
Q2: In the middle of the eighteenth century, how many Swedes could read and write?
A2: eight of ten men and women
Q3: Who founded Harvard College?
A3: the Puritans
Q4: When was Yale founded?
A4: 1701
Q5: What state became a hub of learning?
A5: Pennsylvania
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.

Q1: How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?
A1: occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455
Q2: Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?
A2: Ostrogoths
Q3: How was Theodoric different than the Germanic Goths?
A3: Theodoric supported Roman culture and government
Q4: What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?
A4: Byzantine Empire
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

As the Romans extended their dominance throughout the Mediterranean world, their policy in general was to absorb the deities and cults of other peoples rather than try to eradicate them, since they believed that preserving tradition promoted social stability. One way that Rome incorporated diverse peoples was by supporting their religious heritage, building temples to local deities that framed their theology within the hierarchy of Roman religion. Inscriptions throughout the Empire record the side-by-side worship of local and Roman deities, including dedications made by Romans to local gods. By the height of the Empire, numerous international deities were cultivated at Rome and had been carried to even the most remote provinces, among them Cybele, Isis, Epona, and gods of solar monism such as Mithras and Sol Invictus, found as far north as Roman Britain. Because Romans had never been obligated to cultivate one god or one cult only, religious tolerance was not an issue in the sense that it is for competing monotheistic systems. The monotheistic rigor of Judaism posed difficulties for Roman policy that led at times to compromise and the granting of special exemptions, but sometimes to intractable conflict. For example, religious disputes helped cause the First Jewish–Roman War and the Bar Kokhba revolt.

Q1: What did the Romans tend to do with local religions and deities in conquered areas? 
A1: absorb
Q2: To the Romans what did them think promoted social stability?
A2: preserving tradition
Q3: What facet of a foreign people did Rome add to itself to promote order?
A3: religious heritage
Q4: To what areas of the Roman empire did the Romans take their deities?
A4: remote provinces
Q5: What facet of religion was not an issue for Roman?
A5: tolerance
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

As the School grew, more students were allowed to attend provided that they paid their own fees and lived in the town, outside the College's original buildings. These students became known as Oppidans, from the Latin word oppidum, meaning town. The Houses developed over time as a means of providing residence for the Oppidans in a more congenial manner, and during the 18th and 19th centuries were mostly run by women known as "dames". They typically contain about fifty boys. Although classes are organised on a School basis, most boys spend a large proportion of their time in their House. Each House has a formal name, mainly used for post and people outside the Eton community. It is generally known by the boys by the initials or surname of the House Master, the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it.

Q1: What is the term given to students who lived in town, but not on the campus of Eton?
A1: Oppidans
Q2: Oppidan residences were generally cared after by women known as what?
A2: "dames"
Q3: What is a House Master?
A3: the teacher who lives in the house and manages the pupils in it
Q4: About how many students are in a typical Oppidan house?
A4: fifty
Title: Heian_period
Topic: History

As the Soga clan had taken control of the throne in the sixth century, the Fujiwara by the ninth century had intermarried with the imperial family, and one of their members was the first head of the Emperor's Private Office. Another Fujiwara became regent, Sesshō for his grandson, then a minor emperor, and yet another was appointed Kampaku. Toward the end of the ninth century, several emperors tried, but failed, to check the Fujiwara. For a time, however, during the reign of Emperor Daigo (897-930), the Fujiwara regency was suspended as he ruled directly.

Q1: In what century did the Soga family take the throne?
A1: sixth
Q2: A member of what clan became the head of the Emperor's Private Office?
A2: Fujiwara
Q3: Which emperor suspended the Fujiwara clan's power?
A3: Daigo
Q4: Emperor Daigo ruled during what years?
A4: 897-930
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

As the Tokugawa period progressed more value became placed on education, and the education of females beginning at a young age became important to families and society as a whole. Marriage criteria began to weigh intelligence and education as desirable attributes in a wife, right along with physical attractiveness. Though many of the texts written for women during the Tokugawa period only pertained to how a woman could become a successful wife and household manager, there were those that undertook the challenge of learning to read, and also tackled philosophical and literary classics. Nearly all women of the samurai class were literate by the end of the Tokugawa period.

Q1: In what period did Japanese women begin being more educated?
A1: Tokugawa
Q2: What were added to marriage criteria in the Tokugawa period?
A2: intelligence and education as desirable attributes
Q3: What types of advanced books did some Japanese women read?
A3: philosophical and literary classics
Q4: When had most samurai wives learned to read?
A4: the end of the Tokugawa period
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is home to a number of festivals and carnivals including a Gaucho festival when people ride through the streets on horseback in traditional gaucho gear. The major annual festival is the annual Montevideo Carnaval which is part of the national festival of Carnival Week, celebrated throughout Uruguay, with central activities in the capital, Montevideo. Officially, the public holiday lasts for two days on Carnival Monday and Shrove Tuesday preceding Ash Wednesday, but due to the prominence of the festival, most shops and businesses close for the entire week. During carnival there are many open-air stage performances and competitions and the streets and houses are vibrantly decorated. "Tablados" or popular scenes, both fixed and movable, are erected in the whole city. Notable displays include "Desfile de las Llamadas" ("Parade of the Calls"), which is a grand united parade held on the south part of downtown, where it used to be a common ritual back in the early 20th century. Due to the scale of the festival, preparation begins as early as December with an election of the "zonal beauty queens" to appear in the carnival.

Q1: What is the major annual festival in Montevideo?
A1: the annual Montevideo Carnaval
Q2: What is the annual Montevideo Carnaval part of?
A2: the national festival of Carnival Week
Q3: What does Tablados mean?
A3: popular scenes
Q4: What does Desfile de las Llamadas mean?
A4: Parade of the Calls
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is the economic and political centre of the country. Most of the largest and wealthiest businesses in Uruguay have their headquarters in the city. Since the 1990s the city has undergone rapid economic development and modernization, including two of Uruguay's most important buildings—the World Trade Center Montevideo (1998), and Telecommunications Tower (2000), the headquarters of Uruguay's government-owned telecommunications company ANTEL, increasing the city's integration into the global marketplace.

Q1: What is the economic and political centre of the country?
A1: Montevideo
Q2: What year was the World Trade Center Montevideo constructed?
A2: 1998
Q3: What year was the Telecommunications Tower constructed?
A3: (2000
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

As the center of the empire, early-Ming Nanjing had worldwide connections. It was home of the admiral Zheng He, who went to sail the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and it was visited by foreign dignitaries, such as a king from Borneo (Boni 渤泥), who died during his visit to China in 1408. The Tomb of the King of Boni, with a spirit way and a tortoise stele, was discovered in Yuhuatai District (south of the walled city) in 1958, and has been restored.

Q1: What Admiral called Nanjing his home?
A1: admiral Zheng He
Q2: What visiting king died in China in 1408?
A2: (Boni 渤泥)
Q3: What country did this visiting king come from?
A3: Borneo
Q4: What stele is at Boni's tomb?
A4: a tortoise stele
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

As the centre of Australia's "rust belt", Melbourne experienced an economic downturn between 1989 to 1992, following the collapse of several local financial institutions. In 1992 the newly elected Kennett government began a campaign to revive the economy with an aggressive development campaign of public works coupled with the promotion of the city as a tourist destination with a focus on major events and sports tourism. During this period the Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from Adelaide. Major projects included the construction of a new facility for the Melbourne Museum, Federation Square, the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre, Crown Casino and the CityLink tollway. Other strategies included the privatisation of some of Melbourne's services, including power and public transport, and a reduction in funding to public services such as health, education and public transport infrastructure.

Q1: During which years did Melbourne experience an economic downturn?
A1: 1989 to 1992
Q2: Which city is the center of Australia's "rust belt"?
A2: Melbourne
Q3: The Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from where?
A3: Adelaide
Q4: Which government in 1992 began a campaign to revive the economy?
A4: Kennett
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

As the century wore on, the factions slowly began to adopt more coherent political tendencies as the interests of their power bases began to diverge. The Whig party's initial base of support from the great aristocratic families, widened to include the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants. As well as championing constitutional monarchy with strict limits on the monarch's power, the Whigs adamantly opposed a Catholic king as a threat to liberty, and believed in extending toleration to nonconformist Protestants, or dissenters. A major influence on the Whigs were the liberal political ideas of John Locke, and the concepts of universal rights employed by Locke and Algernon Sidney.

Q1: Who's liberal political ideas influenced the Whigs?
A1: John Locke
Q2: Name the two people who's concepts of universal rights influenced the Whigs.
A2: Locke and Algernon Sidney
Q3: Did the Whigs want to limit the monarch's power?
A3: championing constitutional monarchy with strict limits on the monarch's power
Q4: Did the Whigs support or oppose the Catholic king?
A4: the Whigs adamantly opposed a Catholic king as a threat to liberty
Title: Labour_Party_(UK)
Topic: Geography and places

As the economic situation worsened MacDonald agreed to form a "National Government" with the Conservatives and the Liberals. On 24 August 1931 MacDonald submitted the resignation of his ministers and led a small number of his senior colleagues in forming the National Government together with the other parties. This caused great anger among those within the Labour Party who felt betrayed by MacDonald's actions: he and his supporters were promptly expelled from the Labour Party and formed a separate National Labour Organisation. The remaining Labour Party MPs (led again by Arthur Henderson) and a few Liberals went into opposition. The ensuing 1931 general election resulted in overwhelming victory for the National Government and disaster for the Labour Party which won only 52 seats, 225 fewer than in 1929.

Q1: When did MacDonald submit the resignation of his ministers?
A1: 1931
Q2: What caused MacDonald to form a separate party?
A2: he and his supporters were promptly expelled
Q3: Who won the 1931 election?
A3: National Government
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As the economy and the middle class expanded, there was an increasing number of amateur musicians. One manifestation of this involved women, who became more involved with music on a social level. Women were already engaged in professional roles as singers, and increased their presence in the amateur performers' scene, especially with keyboard music. Music publishers begin to print music that amateurs could understand and play. The majority of the works that were published were for keyboard, voice and keyboard, and chamber ensemble. After these initial genres were popularized, from the mid-century on, amateur groups sang choral music, which then became a new trend for publishers to capitalize on. The increasing study of the fine arts, as well as access to amateur-friendly published works, led to more people becoming interested in reading and discussing music. Music magazines, reviews, and critical works which suited amateurs as well as connoisseurs began to surface.

Q1: A the economy and middle class expanded, what artistic profession had an increasing number of members?
A1: musicians
Q2: Which economic class expansion led to the emergence of music magazines and reviews?
A2: middle
Q3: Women increased their presence in the amateur performers scene with what instrument, especially?
A3: keyboard
Q4: Which musican mediums were the majority of amateur music works published for?
A4: keyboard, voice and keyboard, and chamber ensemble
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

As the election approached, other prominent citizens and politicians from both parties urged Eisenhower to run for president. In January 1948, after learning of plans in New Hampshire to elect delegates supporting him for the forthcoming Republican National Convention, Eisenhower stated through the Army that he was "not available for and could not accept nomination to high political office"; "life-long professional soldiers", he wrote, "in the absence of some obvious and overriding reason, [should] abstain from seeking high political office". Eisenhower maintained no political party affiliation during this time. Many believed he was forgoing his only opportunity to be president; Republican Thomas E. Dewey was considered the other probable winner, would presumably serve two terms, and Eisenhower, at age 66 in 1956, would then be too old.

Q1: What state's delegates were considering supporting Eisenhower in 1948?
A1: New Hampshire
Q2: How old would Eisenhower be in 1956?
A2: 66
Q3: Why was it unlikely that Eisenhower would run for president in 1956?
A3: too old
Q4: Who was it assumed would win the election of 1948?
A4: Thomas E. Dewey
Title: Dominican_Order
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man then directs his path to that One, and the love for, and of, Christ guides man's very nature to become centered on the One, and on his neighbor as well. Charity is the manifestation of the pure love of Christ, both for and by His follower.

Q1: What virtue guides Christians in their understanding of God?
A1: Meekness
Q2: According to Christianity, who is the "One"?
A2: God/Christ
Q3: What is Charity to a Christian?
A3: manifestation of the pure love of Christ
Q4: What should man's nature be centered on?
A4: the One
Title: Post-punk
Topic: Music

As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music publications such as the NME and Sounds developed an influential part in this nascent post-punk culture, with writers like Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman developing a dense (and often playful) style of criticism that drew on critical theory, radical politics and an eclectic variety of other sources.

Q1: When the punk movement started shrinking, what began to fill the void left by their demise?
A1: vibrant new scenes
Q2: What territory did the post-punk bands pursue in their works?
A2: wider conceptual
Q3: What nationality's music magazines had an influential part of post-punk culture?
A3: British
Q4: What professional is Ian Penman known from?
A4: writers
Q5: What kind of background did many of the initial post-punk artists have?
A5: art
Q6: Who were well known authors covering the post-punk era?
A6: Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman
Q7: What were popular post-punk culture media sources?
A7: NME and Sounds
Q8: What were the bands coming in on the heels of post-punk beginning to sound like?
A8: experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory
Q9: What was a common background of post-punk musicians?
A9: backgrounds in art
Q10: What was a common theme to post-punk music?
A10: political or aesthetic agendas
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

As the memory of the "Charge of the Light Brigade" demonstrates, the war became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement. Public opinion in the UK was outraged at the logistical and command failures of the war; the newspapers demanded drastic reforms, and parliamentary investigations demonstrated the multiple failures of the Army. However, the reform campaign was not well organized, and the traditional aristocratic leadership of the Army pulled itself together, and blocked all serious reforms. No one was punished. The outbreak of the Indian Revolution in 1857 shifted attention to the heroic defense of British interest by the army, and further talk of reform went nowhere. The demand for professionalization was, however, achieved by Florence Nightingale, who gained worldwide attention for pioneering and publicizing modern nursing while treating the wounded.:469–71

Q1: Who demanded drastic reforms after the war?
A1: the newspapers
Q2: The outbreak of the Indian Revolution took place in what year?
A2: 1857
Q3: What poem demonstrates that the war became a symbol of failures?
A3: Charge of the Light Brigade
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Sub-Saharan Africa and Norte Chico.

Q1: Who expanded into the territory of hunter-gathers?
A1: agricultural societies
Q2: What did the increase in agricultural areas produce?
A2: first forms of government
Q3: What were the Fertile Crescent and Ancient India ?
A3: agricultural centers
Q4: What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent?
A4: agriculture-driven
Q5: Why did agricultural societies push into hunter-gatherer areas?
A5: agricultural societies increased
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources. As a result, software testing typically (but not exclusively) attempts to execute a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects). The job of testing is an iterative process as when one bug is fixed, it can illuminate other, deeper bugs, or can even create new ones.

Q1: What is the purpose of testing software?
A1: finding software bugs
Q2: Why is it so difficult to locate bugs in software?
A2: tests for even simple software components is practically infinite
Q3: What can come from one bug being fixed?
A3: it can illuminate other, deeper bugs,
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. Amongst the god's custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion over colonists, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. As the leader of the Muses (Apollon Musegetes) and director of their choir, Apollo functioned as the patron god of music and poetry. Hermes created the lyre for him, and the instrument became a common attribute of Apollo. Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans.

Q1: Who was described at the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle?
A1: Apollo
Q2: What is the name of Apollo's son?
A2: Asclepius
Q3: Who created the lyre for Apollo?
A3: Hermes
Q4: What was the term for hymns sung to Apollo?
A4: paeans
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

As the playing of gramophone records causes gradual degradation of the recording, they are best preserved by transferring them onto other media and playing the records as rarely as possible. They need to be stored on edge, and do best under environmental conditions that most humans would find comfortable. The medium needs to be kept clean, but alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media, not on 78s.[citation needed] The equipment for playback of certain formats (e.g., 16 and 78 rpm) is manufactured only in small quantities, leading to increased difficulty in finding equipment to play the recordings.

Q1: Should alcohol be used to clean gramophone recordings?
A1: alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media
Q2: Is gramophone equipment readily available?
A2: manufactured only in small quantities
Q3: What is the recommendation of gramophone recordings to preserve integrity?
A3: transferring them onto other media
Q4: What is a drawback of gramophone use?
A4: gradual degradation
Q5: How are gramophones best stored?
A5: on edge
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in territories or parts of territories whose affiliation with a Land had changed after 8 May 1945 without a referendum, people were allowed to petition for a revision of the current status within a year after the promulgation of the Basic Law (paragraph 2). If at least one tenth of those entitled to vote in Bundestag elections were in favour of a revision, the federal government had to include the proposal into its legislation. Then a referendum was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed (paragraph 3). The proposal should not take effect if within any of the affected territories a majority rejected the change. In this case, the bill had to be introduced again and after passing had to be confirmed by referendum in the Federal Republic as a whole (paragraph 4). The reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force (paragraph 6).

Q1: In the revision of Article 29, what was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory?
A1: the Federal Territory must be revised
Q2: How much of the population must have been in favor of the revision?
A2: one tenth
Q3: What was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed? 
A3: a referendum
Q4: Which paragraph stated that reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force?
A4: paragraph 6
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

As the primary former Capital of the Confederate States of America, Richmond is home to many museums and battlefields of the American Civil War. Near the riverfront is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center and the American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar, both housed in the former buildings of the Tredegar Iron Works, where much of the ordnance for the war was produced. In Court End, near the Virginia State Capitol, is the Museum of the Confederacy, along with the Davis Mansion, also known as the White House of the Confederacy; both feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era. The temporary home of former Confederate General Robert E. Lee still stands on Franklin Street in downtown Richmond. The history of slavery and emancipation are also increasingly represented: there is a former slave trail along the river that leads to Ancarrow's Boat Ramp and Historic Site which has been developed with interpretive signage, and in 2007, the Reconciliation Statue was placed in Shockoe Bottom, with parallel statues placed in Liverpool and Benin representing points of the Triangle Trade.

Q1: In what former industrial facility is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center located?
A1: Tredegar Iron Works
Q2: What government building is the Museum of the Confederacy located near?
A2: Virginia State Capitol
Q3: What is another name for the Davis Mansion?
A3: White House of the Confederacy
Q4: On what Richmond street did General Lee live for a while?
A4: Franklin
Q5: Where are the Reconciliation Statues outside Richmond located?
A5: Liverpool and Benin
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

As the school suffered reduced income while still under construction, the completion and further development of the school has since depended to some extent on wealthy benefactors. Building resumed when Roger Lupton was Provost, around 1517. His name is borne by the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard, perhaps the most famous image of the school. This range includes the important interiors of the Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber, where most of the 18th century "leaving portraits" are kept.

Q1: Around what year did construction continue after a period of financial struggle?
A1: 1517
Q2: Whose name is on the gate-house fronting School Yard?
A2: Roger Lupton
Q3: Where are 18th century "leaving portraits" kept at Eton?
A3: Parlour, Election Hall, and Election Chamber
Q4: What is the most famous image of Eton College?
A4: the big gate-house in the west range of the cloisters, fronting School Yard
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. According to his doctor, al-Sawi Habibi, Nasser's likely cause of death was arteriosclerosis, varicose veins, and complications from long-standing diabetes. Nasser was a heavy smoker with a family history of heart disease—two of his brothers died in their fifties from the same condition. The state of Nasser's health was not known to the public prior to his death. He had previously suffered heart attacks in 1966 and September 1969.

Q1: When did Nasser die?
A1: 28 September 1970
Q2: How did Nasser die?
A2: heart attack
Q3: Who was with Nasser when he died?
A3: Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia
Q4: What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969?
A4: heart attacks
Q5: How old were Nasser's brothers when they died?
A5: in their fifties
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy
Topic: Geography and places

As the terrain is generally arid, the hills have mostly poor soil and support only cacti and succulent plants. During the rainy season the area turns green with vegetation and grass. The eastern part of the island is greener as it receives more rainfall. A 1994 survey has revealed several hundred indigenous species of plants including the naturalized varieties of flora; some growing in irrigated areas while the dry areas are dominated by the cacti variety. Sea grapes and palm trees are a common sight with mangroves and shrubs surviving in the saline coastal swamps. Coconut palm was brought to the island from the Pacific islands. Important plants noted on the island are:

Q1: What types of plants are usually found at St. Barts?
A1: succulent
Q2: Which half of the island is usually greener due to more rainfall?
A2: The eastern part
Q3: A 1994 found how many different species of plants native to the island?
A3: several hundred
Q4: What besides palm trees is a common plant to see in St. Barts?
A4: Sea grapes
Q5: Where was the coconut palm brought to St. Barts from?
A5: the Pacific islands
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

As the universe evolves in time, more and more of its energy becomes trapped in irreversible states (i.e., as heat or other kinds of increases in disorder). This has been referred to as the inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe. In this heat death the energy of the universe does not change, but the fraction of energy which is available to do work through a heat engine, or be transformed to other usable forms of energy (through the use of generators attached to heat engines), grows less and less.

Q1: As the universe evolves in time, more and more of its energy becomes trapped in what?
A1: irreversible states
Q2: What is it referred to when more and more of energy becomes trapped in irreversible states?
A2: inevitable thermodynamic heat death of the universe
Q3: In this heat death of energy, what does not change?
A3: energy of the universe
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

As the years went by, the three feudal lords and their extensive territories became increasingly autonomous. Finally, in 1673, Shang Kexi petitioned Kangxi for permission to retire to his hometown in Liaodong province and nominated his son as his successor. The young emperor granted his retirement, but denied the heredity of his fief. In reaction, the two other generals decided to petition for their own retirements to test Kangxi's resolve, thinking that he would not risk offending them. The move backfired as the young emperor called their bluff by accepting their requests and ordering that all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.

Q1: When did Kexi retire?
A1: 1673
Q2: Who did Kexi thing should take over for him?
A2: his son
Q3: What happened when Kexi, and the two other generals all retired?
A3: all three fiefdoms to be reverted to the crown.
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

As there is no research indicating which of the three components is essential in defining sexual orientation, all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation. Savin Williams (2006) discusses this issue and notes that by basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population. For example, if homosexual is defined by same sex behavior, gay virgins are omitted, heterosexuals engaging in same sex behavior for other reasons than preferred sexual arousal are miscounted, and those with same sex attraction who only have opposite-sex relations are excluded. Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings.

Q1: How are the three component used to determine sexual orientation?
A1: all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation
Q2: When did Savin WIlliams talk about the issues with these components?
A2: (2006)
Q3: What issues to Savin address during this talk?
A3: basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population
Q4: Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems?
A4: Because of the limited populations that each component captures
Q5: How should consumers of the research approach these findings?
A5: should be cautious in generalizing these findings.
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them. They would study pictures of her and come to think that she resembled poet Anne Sexton and Hollywood actresses. This would later raise Madonna's interest in poetry, with Sylvia Plath being her favourite. Later, Madonna commented: "We were all wounded in one way or another by [her death], and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else. The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something. If I hadn't had that emptiness, I wouldn't have been so driven. Her death had a lot to do with me saying—after I got over my heartache—I'm going to be really strong if I can't have my mother. I'm going to take care of myself." Taraborrelli felt that in time, no doubt because of the devastation she felt, Madonna would never again allow herself, or even her daughter, to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died. "Her death had taught [Madonna] a valuable lesson, that she would have to remain strong for herself because, she feared weakness—particularly her own—and wanted to be the queen of her own castle."

Q1: Who felt deep sadness as the death of their mother fades away?
A1: Madonna and her sisters
Q2: Who does Madonna's mum resemble?
A2: poet Anne Sexton
Q3: Who is Madonna's favorite poet?
A3: Sylvia Plath
Q4: Who felt that her mother death was the driving force behind her success?
A4: Madonna
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

As this process continued, the missile found itself being used for more and more of the roles formerly filled by guns. First to go were the large weapons, replaced by equally large missile systems of much higher performance. Smaller missiles soon followed, eventually becoming small enough to be mounted on armored cars and tank chassis. These started replacing, or at least supplanting, similar gun-based SPAAG systems in the 1960s, and by the 1990s had replaced almost all such systems in modern armies. Man-portable missiles, MANPADs as they are known today, were introduced in the 1960s and have supplanted or even replaced even the smallest guns in most advanced armies.

Q1: The missile started being used more often instead of what weapon?
A1: guns
Q2: Small missiles were designed that could be mounted on what?
A2: armored cars and tank chassis
Q3: When did these missiles start to supplant gun-based SPAAG systems?
A3: in the 1960s
Q4: What are man-portable missiles better known as?
A4: MANPADs
Q5: When were MANPADs introduced?
A5: the 1960s
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the "ordinary affairs" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.

Q1: What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State?
A1: ordinary affairs
Q2: What organization did Montini, Maglione and Tardini belong to?
A2: Vatican's State Department
Q3: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII?
A3: Private Secretary
Q4: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII?
A4: letters
Q5: During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican?
A5: war years
Title: Prime_minister
Topic: Social sciences and society

As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior

Q1: What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the  UK?
A1: First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service
Q2: In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II?
A2: Minister of Defence
Title: Montana
Topic: Geography and places

As white settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States Government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and the Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. The treaty was ratified in 1859. While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891.

Q1: What year was the Hellgate treaty formed?
A1: 1855
Q2: Who negotiated the Hellgate treaty?
A2: Isaac Stevens
Q3: What year was the treaty ratified?
A3: 1859
Q4: What did the treaty establish?
A4: Flathead Indian Reservation