LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding.

Q1: What might wood be used for in a building made from brick or other materials?
A1: supporting material
Q2: What crucial part of a house is often constructed from wood?
A2: roof
Q3: Wood might be used to construct what exterior component of a building?
A3: cladding
Q4: Inside a building, what wooden things might you open to enter or leave rooms?
A4: doors
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

In central and northern Italy and in Flanders, the rise of towns that were to a degree self-governing stimulated economic growth and created an environment for new types of trade associations. Commercial cities on the shores of the Baltic entered into agreements known as the Hanseatic League, and the Italian Maritime republics such as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa expanded their trade throughout the Mediterranean.[V] Great trading fairs were established and flourished in northern France during the period, allowing Italian and German merchants to trade with each other as well as local merchants. In the late 13th century new land and sea routes to the Far East were pioneered, famously described in The Travels of Marco Polo written by one of the traders, Marco Polo (d. 1324). Besides new trading opportunities, agricultural and technological improvements enabled an increase in crop yields, which in turn allowed the trade networks to expand. Rising trade brought new methods of dealing with money, and gold coinage was again minted in Europe, first in Italy and later in France and other countries. New forms of commercial contracts emerged, allowing risk to be shared among merchants. Accounting methods improved, partly through the use of double-entry bookkeeping; letters of credit also appeared, allowing easy transmission of money.

Q1: What sea were the Hanseatic cities located on?
A1: Baltic
Q2: Along with Venice and Pisa, what was a notable Italian maritime republic?
A2: Genoa
Q3: Who wrote The Travels of Marco Polo?
A3: Marco Polo
Q4: What accounting method was utilized in this period?
A4: double-entry bookkeeping
Q5: In what region was gold coinage first reintroduced?
A5: Italy
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

In central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy and one of the tools at its disposal in a financial crisis is to take such extraordinary measures as the purchase of large amounts of assets such as commercial paper. The purpose of such operations is to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning of the financial system.

Q1: What is a perk of the central bank?
A1: it can make as much money as it deems needed
Q2: What kinds of assets does the US Federal Reserve buy?
A2: bonds issued by the Federal government
Q3: What kind of asset will the Federal Reserve purchase in mass quantities at a time of crisis?
A3: commercial paper
Q4: What is the purpose of buying commercial paper in a time of financial crisis?
A4: to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning
Title: Geography_of_the_United_States
Topic: Geography and places

In central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer. Deadly and destructive hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. The Appalachian region and the Midwest experience the worst floods, though virtually no area in the U.S. is immune to flooding. The Southwest has the worst droughts; one is thought to have lasted over 500 years and to have hurt Ancestral Pueblo peoples. The West is affected by large wildfires each year.

Q1: Where are tornadoes most common on Earth?
A1: central portions of the U.S.
Q2: During which seasons are tornados most common?
A2: spring and summer
Q3: Which regions experience the worst flooding in the US?
A3: Appalachian region and the Midwest
Q4: Which region experiences the worst droughts in the US?
A4: Southwest
Q5: What type of disasters affects the western US every year?
A5: wildfires
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

In certain cases compound words and set phrases may be contracted into single characters. Some of these can be considered logograms, where characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes, though these are generally instead considered ligatures or abbreviations (similar to scribal abbreviations, such as & for "et"), and as non-standard. These do see use, particularly in handwriting or decoration, but also in some cases in print. In Chinese, these ligatures are called héwén (合文), héshū (合書) or hétǐzì (合体字), and in the special case of combining two characters, these are known as "two-syllable Chinese characters" (双音节汉字, 雙音節漢字).

Q1: What may be contracted into single characters?
A1: compound words and set phrases
Q2: What can be considered as set phrases?
A2: single characters
Q3: What are logograms?
A3: characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In certain historical Christian, Islamic and Jewish cultures, among others, espousing ideas deemed heretical has been and in some cases still is subjected not merely to punishments such as excommunication, but even to the death penalty.

Q1: What cultures are listed as examples of discipline for being a heretic?
A1: Christian, Islamic and Jewish
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

In chemical terms, the difference between hardwood and softwood is reflected in the composition of the constituent lignin. Hardwood lignin is primarily derived from sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. Softwood lignin is mainly derived from coniferyl alcohol.

Q1: What component of wood determines whether it is hardwood or softwood?
A1: lignin
Q2: Which wood has lignin that comes primarily from one type of alcohol?
A2: Softwood
Q3: Which type of alcohol mainly becomes softwood lignin?
A3: coniferyl
Q4: In addition to coniferyl alcohol, what other alcohol is in hardwood lignin?
A4: sinapyl
Q5: Which kind of wood contains lignin derived from two main alcohol sources?
A5: Hardwood
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from country clergy. This meaning of the word spread rapidly, and from the 9th century various episcopal cities had a special class among the clergy known as cardinals. The use of the title was reserved for the cardinals of Rome in 1567 by Pius V.

Q1: What term was given to certain church men of honor?
A1: cardinal
Q2: When is the earliest date of using the term cardinal as honorable church men used?
A2: 747
Q3: When was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome by Pius V?
A3: 1567
Q4: In regards to the word "cardinal" being used in cities other than Rome, who sent a letter to Pippin III?
A4: Pope Zacharias
Q5: In what year was the letter sent?
A5: 747
Q6: Which pope declared that cardinals would be from Rome?
A6: Pius V.
Q7: In what year did the pope make the declaration?
A7: 1567
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In classical Greece, Anaxagoras asserted that a divine reason (mind) gave order to the seeds of the universe, and Plato extended the Greek belief of ideal forms to his metaphysical theory of forms (ideai, "ideas"). The forms on earth are imperfect duplicates of the intellectual celestial ideas. The Greek words oida (οἶδα, "(I) know") and eidos (εἶδος, "species") have the same root as the word idea (ἰδέα), indicating how the Greek mind moved from the gift of the senses, to the principles beyond the senses. The artists in Plato's time moved away from his theories and art tends to be a mixture of naturalism with stylization. The Greek sculptors considered the senses more important, and the proportions were used to unite the sensible with the intellectual.

Q1: Who asserted that a divine reason gave order to the seeds of the universe?
A1: Anaxagoras
Q2: Who extended the Greek beilef of idea forms to his metaphysical theory of forms?
A2: Plato
Q3: What is one Greek word that has the same root as the word idea?
A3: eidos
Title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a force. An object in free fall does not experience a force, because it is following a geodesic. An object standing on the earth, however, will experience a force, as it is being held against the geodesic by the surface of the planet. In light of this, the bucket of water rotating in empty space will experience a force because it rotates with respect to the geodesic. The water will become concave, not because it is rotating with respect to the distant stars, but because it is rotating with respect to the geodesic.

Q1: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object without force does what?
A1: does not accelerate
Q2: What follows a geodesic of space-time?
A2: an inertial frame of reference
Q3: An object in free fall does not experience what?
A3: force
Q4: What holds an object standing on earth against the geodesic?
A4: the surface of the planet
Q5: Why will water become concave, according to the relativity theory?
A5: it is rotating with respect to the geodesic.
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

In college sports, Detroit's central location within the Mid-American Conference has made it a frequent site for the league's championship events. While the MAC Basketball Tournament moved permanently to Cleveland starting in 2000, the MAC Football Championship Game has been played at Ford Field in Detroit since 2004, and annually attracts 25,000 to 30,000 fans. The University of Detroit Mercy has a NCAA Division I program, and Wayne State University has both NCAA Division I and II programs. The NCAA football Little Caesars Pizza Bowl is held at Ford Field each December.

Q1: Which bowl game is held in Detroit?
A1: Little Caesars Pizza Bowl
Q2: Where is the MAC Football Championship game played?
A2: Ford Field
Q3: Which conference has held many of it's championships games in Detroit?
A3: Mid-American Conference
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

In comparison to the other regions of Spain, the major economic benefit of Galicia is its fishing Industry. Galicia is a land of economic contrast. While the western coast, with its major population centers and its fishing and manufacturing industries, is prosperous and increasing in population, the rural hinterland — the provinces of Ourense and Lugo — is economically dependent on traditional agriculture, based on small landholdings called minifundios. However, the rise of tourism, sustainable forestry and organic and traditional agriculture are bringing other possibilities to the Galician economy without compromising the preservation of the natural resources and the local culture.

Q1: Which industry is Galicia's main money maker?
A1: fishing
Q2: What are the landholdings that the farming industry uses called? 
A2: minifundios
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

In comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels. They have no local emissions, an important advantage in tunnels and urban areas. Some electric traction systems provide regenerative braking that turns the train's kinetic energy back into electricity and returns it to the supply system to be used by other trains or the general utility grid. While diesel locomotives burn petroleum, electricity is generated from diverse sources including many that do not produce carbon dioxide such as nuclear power and renewable forms including hydroelectric, geothermal, wind and solar.

Q1: What is the principal alternative to electric railways?
A1: diesel engine
Q2: What locomotives are usually more reliable?
A2: Electric locomotives
Q3: What do some electric traction systems provide?
A3: regenerative braking
Q4: What type of fuel do diesel locomotives use?
A4: petroleum
Q5: What is one of the sources electricity is being generated from?
A5: geothermal
Title: Philadelphia
Topic: History

In comparison, the 2010 Census Redistricting Data indicated that the racial makeup of the city was 661,839 (43.4%) African American, 626,221 (41.0%) White, 6,996 (0.5%) Native American, 96,405 (6.3%) Asian (2.0% Chinese, 1.2% Indian, 0.9% Vietnamese, 0.6% Cambodian, 0.4% Korean, 0.3% Filipino, 0.2% Pakistani, 0.1% Indonesian), 744 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 90,731 (5.9%) from other races, and 43,070 (2.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 187,611 persons (12.3%); 8.0% of Philadelphia is Puerto Rican, 1.0% Dominican, 1.0% Mexican, 0.3% Cuban, and 0.3% Colombian. The racial breakdown of Philadelphia's Hispanic/Latino population was 63,636 (33.9%) White, 17,552 (9.4%) African American, 3,498 (1.9%) Native American, 884 (0.47%) Asian, 287 (0.15%) Pacific Islander, 86,626 (46.2%) from other races, and 15,128 (8.1%) from two or more races. The five largest European ancestries reported in the 2010 United States Census Census included Irish (12.5%), Italian (8.4%), German (8.1%), Polish (3.6%), and English (3.0%).

Q1: What is the percent of blacks?
A1: 43.4%
Q2: What is the percent of whites?
A2: 41.0%
Q3: What is the hispanic make-up of the population?
A3: 12.3%
Q4: What is the largest European ancestry?
A4: Irish (12.5%)
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appearance, movement, and temperament), separately tested qualities (such as ability or health) are not part of the judging in conformation shows.

Q1: What are conformation shows also known as?
A1: breed shows
Q2: Who evaluates dogs at breed shows?
A2: a judge
Q3: What is the judge looking for in specific breeds?
A3: conformity with their established breed
Q4: What is the only standard judged?
A4: externally observable qualities
Q5: What is another word for "breed shows"?
A5: conformation shows.
Q6: What is the evaluator called in a breed show?
A6: a judge
Q7: The breed standard only is about what?
A7: externally observable qualities
Q8: Abilities and what else are not tested at breed shows?
A8: health
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

In coniferous or softwood species the wood cells are mostly of one kind, tracheids, and as a result the material is much more uniform in structure than that of most hardwoods. There are no vessels ("pores") in coniferous wood such as one sees so prominently in oak and ash, for example.

Q1: What type of cells makes up most wood cells in coniferous trees?
A1: tracheids
Q2: Are hardwood or softwood species more uniform in structure?
A2: softwood
Q3: What are the visible vessels in hardwoods commonly called?
A3: pores
Q4: What hardwood that starts with the letter "O" would have pores?
A4: oak
Q5: Besides oak, what's an example of a hardwood with prominent pores?
A5: ash
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

In conjunction with the system of months there is a system of weeks. A physical or electronic calendar provides conversion from a given date to the weekday, and shows multiple dates for a given weekday and month. Calculating the day of the week is not very simple, because of the irregularities in the Gregorian system. When the Gregorian calendar was adopted by each country, the weekly cycle continued uninterrupted. For example, in the case of the few countries that adopted the reformed calendar on the date proposed by Gregory XIII for the calendar's adoption, Friday, 15 October 1582, the preceding date was Thursday, 4 October 1582 (Julian calendar).

Q1: What other system of calculations are inherent in the Gregorian calendar?
A1: system of weeks
Q2: Why is calculating the days of the Gregorian calendar not simple?
A2: irregularities
Q3: After each country adopted the calendar how did the weekly cycle continue?
A3: uninterrupted
Q4: What was the date of adoption for the calendar?
A4: Friday, 15 October 1582
Q5: What was the previous day's date by the Julian calendar?
A5: Thursday, 4 October 1582
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

In consequence to the Reform War, the federal government was bankrupt and could not pay its foreign debts to Spain, England, and France. On July 17, 1861, President Juárez decreed a moratorium on payment to foreign debtors for a period of two years. Spain, England, and France did not accept the moratorium by Mexico; they united at the Convention of the Triple Alliance on October 31, 1861 in which they agreed to take possession of several custom stations within Mexico as payment. A delegation of the Triple Alliance arrived in Veracruz in December 1861. President Juárez immediately sent his Foreign Affairs Minister, Manuel Doblado, who is able to reduce the debts through the Pacto de Soledad (Soledad Pact). General Juan Prim of Spain persuaded the English delegation to accept the terms of the Pacto de Soledad, but the French delegation refused.

Q1: Which countries owned Mexican debt?
A1: Spain, England, and France
Q2: Who was the President of Mexico at the time?
A2: President Juárez
Q3: Who was the Foreign Affairs Minister?
A3: Manuel Doblado
Q4: Who convinced the English to accept the terms of the pact?
A4: General Juan Prim of Spain
Q5: Which country refused to accept?
A5: France
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

In construction and shelter there are numerous opportunities for diversion and profit through substandard workmanship, kickbacks for contracts and favouritism in the provision of valuable shelter material. Thus while humanitarian aid agencies are usually most concerned about aid being diverted by including too many, recipients themselves are most concerned about exclusion. Access to aid may be limited to those with connections, to those who pay bribes or are forced to give sexual favors. Equally, those able to do so may manipulate statistics to inflate the number of beneficiaries and siphon off additional assistance.

Q1: Substandard what is often one way for corruption to enter the construction field?
A1: workmanship
Q2: What happens with contracts to aid corruption?
A2: kickbacks
Q3: Recipients of aid are concerned about what?
A3: exclusion
Q4: Those receiving aid may have connections, pay bribes or what?
A4: forced to give sexual favors
Q5: Corrupt people may manipulate what to receive more assistance?
A5: statistics
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

In contemporary society, adolescents also face some risks as their sexuality begins to transform. While some of these, such as emotional distress (fear of abuse or exploitation) and sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STIs/STDs), including HIV/AIDS, are not necessarily inherent to adolescence, others such as teenage pregnancy (through non-use or failure of contraceptives) are seen as social problems in most western societies. One in four sexually active teenagers will contract an STI. Adolescents in the United States often chose "anything but intercourse" for sexual activity because they mistakenly believe it reduces the risk of STIs. Across the country, clinicians report rising diagnoses of herpes and human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause genital warts, and is now thought to affect 15 percent of the teen population. Girls 15 to 19 have higher rates of gonorrhea than any other age group. One-quarter of all new HIV cases occur in those under the age of 21. Multrine also states in her article that according to a March survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, eighty-one percent of parents want schools to discuss the use of condoms and contraception with their children. They also believe students should be able to be tested for STIs. Furthermore, teachers want to address such topics with their students. But, although 9 in 10 sex education instructors across the country believe that students should be taught about contraceptives in school, over one quarter report receiving explicit instructions from school boards and administrators not to do so. According to anthropologist Margaret Mead, the turmoil found in adolescence in Western society has a cultural rather than a physical cause; they reported that societies where young women engaged in free sexual activity had no such adolescent turmoil.

Q1: What percentage of sexually active teenagers will contract an STI?
A1: One in four
Q2: What percent of the teenage population is affected by herpes and HPV?
A2: 15
Q3: Girls ages 15 to 19 have higher rates of what STD than any other age group?
A3: gonorrhea
Q4: What ratio of all new HIV cases occur in those under age 21?
A4: One-quarter
Q5: According to a survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation, what percentage of parents want schools to discuss contraception with their children?
A5: eighty-one percent
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues. However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned, was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among Freemasons in general. His writings represented his personal opinion only, and furthermore an opinion grounded in the attitudes and understandings of late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA. Notably, his book carries in the preface a form of disclaimer from his own Grand Lodge. No one voice has ever spoken for the whole of Freemasonry.

Q1: What are some Protestant objections to Freemasonry?
A1: mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism
Q2: What are Catholic objections to Freemasonry?
A2: rationalism and naturalism
Q3: Who is generally accepted as the voice of Freemasonry?
A3: No one voice
Q4: Who do the Protestant anti-Masons believe is the absolute authority on the use of mysticism, Satanism and occultism in Freemasonry?
A4: Albert Pike
Q5: What was Albert Pike actually more of an expert in?
A5: late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA
Q6: What religion alleged Freemasons as Satanic?
A6: Protestant
Q7: What religion alleged Freemasons as unnatural and irrational? 
A7: Catholic
Q8: Who was controversial among Freemasons?
A8: Albert Pike
Q9: Who has spoke for all Freemasons?
A9: No one
Q10: Albert Pike's opinions were grounded in what?
A10: late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

In contrast to the Fed, the ECB normally does not buy bonds outright. The normal procedure used by the ECB for manipulating the money supply has been via the so-called refinancing facilities. In these facilities, bonds are not purchased but used in reverse transactions: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans. These two transactions are similar, i.e. bonds are used as collaterals for loans, the difference being of legal nature. In the repos the ownership of the collateral changes to the ECB until the loan is repaid.

Q1: Who retains ownership of the collateral until the debt is paid?
A1: ECB
Q2: Since the ECB doesn't buy bonds outright, how are they used?
A2: refinancing facilities
Q3: What is the manner in which bonds are used at refinancing facilities?
A3: repurchase agreements, or collateralised loans
Q4: Who buys the bonds instead of using them in reverse transactions?
A4: the Fed
Title: Geological_history_of_Earth
Topic: Natural sciences

In contrast to the Proterozoic, Archean rocks are often heavily metamorphized deep-water sediments, such as graywackes, mudstones, volcanic sediments and banded iron formations. Greenstone belts are typical Archean formations, consisting of alternating high- and low-grade metamorphic rocks. The high-grade rocks were derived from volcanic island arcs, while the low-grade metamorphic rocks represent deep-sea sediments eroded from the neighboring island frogs and deposited in a forearc basin. In short, greenstone belts represent sutured protocontinents.

Q1: What are Archean rocks composed of, in general?
A1: metamorphized deep-water sediments
Q2: What type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks?
A2: Greenstone
Q3: From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?
A3: volcanic island arcs
Q4: Low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what, generally?
A4: deep-sea sediments
Q5: What is a greenstone belt?
A5: sutured protocontinents
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

In contrast to the entirely digital DVD, LaserDiscs use only analog video. As the LaserDisc format is not digitally encoded and does not make use of compression techniques, it is immune to video macroblocking (most visible as blockiness during high motion sequences) or contrast banding (subtle visible lines in gradient areas, such as out-of-focus backgrounds, skies, or light casts from spotlights) that can be caused by the MPEG-2 encoding process as video is prepared for DVD. Early DVD releases held the potential to surpass their LaserDisc counterparts, but often managed only to match them for image quality, and in some cases, the LaserDisc version was preferred. However, proprietary human-assisted encoders manually operated by specialists can vastly reduce the incidence of artifacts, depending on playing time and image complexity. By the end of LaserDisc's run, DVDs were living up to their potential as a superior format.

Q1: Do LaserDiscs or DVD use analog video?
A1: LaserDiscs
Q2: Are DVDs partially or entirely digital?
A2: entirely
Q3: What is contrast banding?
A3: subtle visible lines in gradient areas
Q4: What step of the DVD production process causes contrast banding?
A4: MPEG-2 encoding process
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children per family among non-Orthodox Jews, and intermarriage among Orthodox Jews is practically non-existent, standing at about 2%, in contrast to a 71% intermarriage rate among non-Orthodox Jews. In addition, Orthodox Judaism has a growing retention rate; while about half of those raised in Orthodox homes previously abandoned Orthodox Judaism, that number is declining. According to The New York Times, the high growth rate of Orthodox Jews will eventually render them the dominant demographic force in New York Jewry.

Q1: What is the fertility rate among non-orthodox Jewish families??
A1: 1.9 children
Q2: What is the fertility rate among orthodox Jewish families?
A2: 4.1 children
Q3: What is the rate of intermarriage among orthodox Jews?
A3: 2%
Q4: What is the intermarriage rate among non-orthodox jews?
A4: 71%
Q5: how many raised on orthodox Jewish homes abandon orthodox Judaism typically?
A5: half
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

In contrast to the hazy, relatively featureless atmosphere of Uranus, Neptune's atmosphere has active and visible weather patterns. For example, at the time of the Voyager 2 flyby in 1989, the planet's southern hemisphere had a Great Dark Spot comparable to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. These weather patterns are driven by the strongest sustained winds of any planet in the Solar System, with recorded wind speeds as high as 2,100 kilometres per hour (580 m/s; 1,300 mph). Because of its great distance from the Sun, Neptune's outer atmosphere is one of the coldest places in the Solar System, with temperatures at its cloud tops approaching 55 K (−218 °C). Temperatures at the planet's centre are approximately 5,400 K (5,100 °C). Neptune has a faint and fragmented ring system (labelled "arcs"), which was first detected during the 1960s and confirmed by Voyager 2.

Q1: What weather did Voyager 2 observe on Neptune? 
A1: Great Dark Spot
Q2: What weather feature does Neptune have stronger than any other planet? 
A2: sustained winds
Q3: What were the wind speeds recorded on Neptune? 
A3: 2,100 kilometres per hour
Q4: What is the cloud tops on Neptune temperature? 
A4: 55 K (−218 °C).
Q5: What is Neptune's planet center temperature? 
A5: 5,400 K (5,100 °C)
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

In contrast to the speed of compression, which is proportional to the number of operations required by the algorithm, here latency refers to the number of samples that must be analysed before a block of audio is processed. In the minimum case, latency is zero samples (e.g., if the coder/decoder simply reduces the number of bits used to quantize the signal). Time domain algorithms such as LPC also often have low latencies, hence their popularity in speech coding for telephony. In algorithms such as MP3, however, a large number of samples have to be analyzed to implement a psychoacoustic model in the frequency domain, and latency is on the order of 23 ms (46 ms for two-way communication)).

Q1: What refers to the number of samples that must be analysed before a block of audio is processed?
A1: latency
Q2: What has zero samples in a minimum case?
A2: latency
Q3: What often has low latencies?
A3: LPC
Title: Pharmaceutical_industry
Topic: Natural sciences

In contrast to this viewpoint, an article and associated editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2015 emphasized the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions for the development of novel treatments, and argued that moral outrage over industry malfeasance had unjustifiably led many to overemphasize the problems created by financial conflicts of interest. The article noted that major healthcare organizations such as National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, the World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration had encouraged greater interactions between physicians and industry in order to bring greater benefits to patients.

Q1: Who were some of the companies that encouraged the interactions between doctors and the pharmaceutical industry?
A1: World Economic Forum, the Gates Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and the Food and Drug Administration
Q2: When did the article come out about the importance of interactions?
A2: May 2015
Q3: What was the reason behind these interactions?
A3: bring greater benefits to patients
Q4: What was believed to have created a financial conflict of interest?
A4: moral outrage over industry malfeasance
Q5: Who printed the article about the importance of interactions?
A5: New England Journal of Medicine
Q6: What publication had an article about the importance of pharmaceutical industry-physician interactions in 2015?
A6: New England Journal of Medicine
Q7: When was the editorial published?
A7: May 2015
Q8: Did major healthcare organizations support or discourage interactions between doctors and industries?
A8: encouraged greater interactions
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

In contrast with other Romance languages, Catalan has many monosyllabic words; and those ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters. Also, Catalan has final obstruent devoicing, thus featuring many couplets like amic "(male friend") vs. amiga ("female friend").

Q1: How is Catalan different from other Romance languages?
A1: many monosyllabic words
Q2: What other type of endings do Catalan words have?
A2: consonant clusters
Q3: What kind of final devoicing does the language have?
A3: obstruent
Q4: What do many words feature?
A4: couplets
Title: Hunting
Topic: Sports and recreation

In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame. Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."

Q1: Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?
A1: a precipitous wildlife decline
Q2: What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?
A2: antelope
Q3: What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?
A3: hippopotamus
Q4: What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?
A4: poaching, drought and habitat loss
Q5: What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?
A5: Uganda
Q6: What Botswana was resently forced to do?
A6: ban trophy hunting
Q7: What animal declined across Botswana?
A7: antelope
Q8: What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?
A8: hippopotamus
Q9: What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?
A9: elephant
Q10: What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda? 
A10: poaching
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

In contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European "federalism" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has increased, some people have perceived a much more unitary state than they believe the Founding Fathers intended. Most people politically advocating "federalism" in the United States argue in favor of limiting the powers of the federal government, especially the judiciary (see Federalist Society, New Federalism).

Q1: Who has a greater history of unitary states? 
A1: Europe
Q2: What does federalism mean in Europe? 
A2: weaker central government, relative to a unitary state
Q3: What branch does the United States want to limit under the federalist model? 
A3: judiciary
Title: Materialism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In contrast, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, taught: "There is no such thing as immaterial matter. All spirit is matter, but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We cannot see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is all matter." This spirit element has always existed; it is co-eternal with God. It is also called "intelligence" or "the light of truth", which like all observable matter "was not created or made, neither indeed can be". Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints view the revelations of Joseph Smith as a restoration of original Christian doctrine, which they believe post-apostolic theologians began to corrupt in the centuries after Christ. The writings of many[quantify] of these theologians indicate a clear influence of Greek metaphysical philosophies such as Neoplatonism, which characterized divinity as an utterly simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical. Despite strong opposition from many Christians, this metaphysical depiction of God eventually became incorporated into the doctrine of the Christian church, displacing the original Judeo-Christian concept of a physical, corporeal God who created humans in His image and likeness.

Q1: Neoplatonism describes divinity as what?
A1: simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical
Q2: Which religious group strongly opposed the idea of Neoplatonism?
A2: Christians
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace how Rome came to dominate the Greek east in less than a century, this was mainly a matter of several Greek city-states seeking Roman protection against the Macedonian kingdom and Seleucid Empire in the face of destabilisation created by the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt. In contrast to the west, the Greek east had been dominated by major empires for centuries, and Roman influence and alliance-seeking led to wars with these empires that further weakened them and therefore created an unstable power vacuum that only Rome could fill. This had some important similarities to (and important differences from) the events in Italy centuries earlier, but this time on a global scale.

Q1: What effect did the weakening of Ptolemaic Egypt have on nearby areas?
A1: destabilisation
Q2: Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east?
A2: Polybius
Q3: Why was Rome involved in matters in the Greek east?
A3: alliance-seeking
Q4: Which countries citie-states attempted to gain the protection of Rome?
A4: Greek
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. It can best be summarized as remember how to do something. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revealed when one does better in a given task due only to repetition - no new explicit memories have been formed, but one is unconsciously accessing aspects of those previous experiences. Procedural memory involved in motor learning depends on the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Q1: What is another term for procedural memory?
A1: implicit memory
Q2: If bob remembered how to bake a cake after seeing this on television what memory is he using?
A2: procedural memory
Q3: What set of skills is reliant on procedural memory?
A3: motor skills
Q4: If Bob does throws 15 more free throws than he did last week, how many more explicit memories has he gained?
A4: no new explicit memories have been formed,
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

In contrast, some emerging software disciplines such as extreme programming and the agile software development movement, adhere to a "test-driven software development" model. In this process, unit tests are written first, by the software engineers (often with pair programming in the extreme programming methodology). Of course these tests fail initially; as they are expected to. Then as code is written it passes incrementally larger portions of the test suites. The test suites are continuously updated as new failure conditions and corner cases are discovered, and they are integrated with any regression tests that are developed. Unit tests are maintained along with the rest of the software source code and generally integrated into the build process (with inherently interactive tests being relegated to a partially manual build acceptance process). The ultimate goal of this test process is to achieve continuous integration where software updates can be published to the public frequently.  

Q1: Which two current movements adhere to the "test-driven software development"?
A1: extreme programming and the agile software development
Q2: Under the development of agile software and extreme programing what is written first?
A2: unit tests are written first
Q3: What is the goal of Unit testing?
A3: achieve continuous integration where software updates can be published to the public frequently
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

In contrast, the ROK Army defenders were relatively unprepared and ill-equipped. In South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu (1961), R.E. Appleman reports the ROK forces' low combat readiness as of 25 June 1950. The ROK Army had 98,000 soldiers (65,000 combat, 33,000 support), no tanks (they had been requested from the U.S. military, but requests were denied), and a 22-piece air force comprising 12 liaison-type and 10 AT6 advanced-trainer airplanes. There were no large foreign military garrisons in Korea at the time of the invasion, but there were large U.S. garrisons and air forces in Japan.

Q1: What was the problem with the ROK Army?
A1: Army defenders were relatively unprepared and ill-equipped
Q2: Who declined the ROK's request for tanks?
A2: U.S. military
Q3: In what country did the US maintain air forces and garrisons?
A3: Japan
Q4: Who reported that South Korea's military was not ready for combat?
A4: R.E. Appleman
Title: Cubism
Topic: Art and architecture

In contrast, the Salon Cubists built their reputation primarily by exhibiting regularly at the Salon d'Automne and the Salon des Indépendants, both major non-academic Salons in Paris. They were inevitably more aware of public response and the need to communicate. Already in 1910 a group began to form which included Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger. They met regularly at Henri le Fauconnier's studio near the Boulevard de Montparnasse. These soirées often included writers such as Guillaume Apollinaire and André Salmon. Together with other young artists, the group wanted to emphasise a research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.

Q1: Which four people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910?
A1: Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger
Q2: Where was Fauconnier's studio located? 
A2: Boulevard de Montparnasse
Q3: What did the group meeting at Fauconnier's studio want to focus on?
A3: research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

In contrast, the boroughs of Xochimilco (172th), Tláhuac (177th) and Iztapalapa (183th) presented the lowest HDI values of the Federal District with values of .8481, .8473 and .8464 respectively—values still in the global high-HDI range. The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta which presented a "medium" HDI of .7984, far below all other boroughs (627th nationally while the rest stood in the top 200). Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012 (very high), and its 2010 value of .9225 (very high) or (by newer methodology) .8307, and Mexico's highest.

Q1: What borough had the lowest HDI score in the federal district?
A1: Iztapalapa
Q2: Which borough had the lowest HDI score?
A2: Milpa Alta
Q3: What rank was Milpa Alta nationally in terms of HDI score?
A3: 627th
Q4: All boroughs except for Milpa Alta were in what ranking of HDI score?
A4: top 200
Q5: What score did Milpa Alta get on the HDI test?
A5: .7984
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

In contrast, the police are entitled to protect private rights in some jurisdictions. To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law, some police acts require that the police may only interfere in such cases where protection from courts cannot be obtained in time, and where, without interference of the police, the realization of the private right would be impeded. This would, for example, allow police to establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper in a case where the guest cannot pay the bill at nighttime because his wallet had just been stolen from the restaurant table.

Q1: Why do some police acts limit when police can interfere without court orders?
A1: To ensure that the police would not interfere in the regular competencies of the courts of law
Q2: What could be impeded without police interference?
A2: the realization of the private right
Q3: How could police help the owner when a restaurant guest doesn't pay because their wallet got stolen?
A3: establish a restaurant guest's identity and forward it to the innkeeper
Title: Energy
Topic: Natural sciences

In cosmology and astronomy the phenomena of stars, nova, supernova, quasars and gamma-ray bursts are the universe's highest-output energy transformations of matter. All stellar phenomena (including solar activity) are driven by various kinds of energy transformations. Energy in such transformations is either from gravitational collapse of matter (usually molecular hydrogen) into various classes of astronomical objects (stars, black holes, etc.), or from nuclear fusion (of lighter elements, primarily hydrogen). The nuclear fusion of hydrogen in the Sun also releases another store of potential energy which was created at the time of the Big Bang. At that time, according to theory, space expanded and the universe cooled too rapidly for hydrogen to completely fuse into heavier elements. This meant that hydrogen represents a store of potential energy that can be released by fusion. Such a fusion process is triggered by heat and pressure generated from gravitational collapse of hydrogen clouds when they produce stars, and some of the fusion energy is then transformed into sunlight.

Q1: What is driven by various kinds of energy transformations?
A1: stellar phenomena
Q2: What releases another store of potential energy which was created at the time of the Big Bang?
A2: nuclear fusion of hydrogen in the Sun
Q3: What theory states that space expanded and the universe cooled too rapidly for hydrogen to completely fuse into heavier elements?
A3: Big Bang
Q4: Hydrogen represents a store of potential energy that can be released by what?
A4: fusion
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

In countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities (research orientation) and Polytechnics (engineering and applied science and professional practice orientation). Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees from bachelor's, master's and PhD that were validated and governed at the national level by the independent UK Council for National Academic Awards. In 1992 UK Polytechnics were designated as universities which meant they could award their own degrees. The CNAA was disbanded. The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. In Ireland the term institute of technology is the more favored synonym of a regional technical college though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and another of other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level—Level 9 of the National Framework for Qualifications (NFQ)—for all areas of study and Doctorate level in a number of others.

Q1: In what year were polytechnics in the UK given the university designation?
A1: 1992
Q2: What is the name of the Royal Polytechnic Institution now?
A2: University of Westminster
Q3: What street is the University of Westminster on?
A3: Regent Street