LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Clothing
Topic: Natural sciences

The world of clothing is always changing, as new cultural influences meet technological innovations. Researchers in scientific labs have been developing prototypes for fabrics that can serve functional purposes well beyond their traditional roles, for example, clothes that can automatically adjust their temperature, repel bullets, project images, and generate electricity. Some practical advances already available to consumers are bullet-resistant garments made with kevlar and stain-resistant fabrics that are coated with chemical mixtures that reduce the absorption of liquids.

Q1: Changes keep happening because new cultural stuff meets these type of innovations.
A1: technological
Q2: What have researchers in science labs been making?
A2: prototypes
Q3: What elementary force can some specialized fabrics generate?
A3: electricity
Q4: What can garments made with kevlar resist?
A4: bullets
Q5: Stain-resistant fabrics are coated with chemicals to reduce what?
A5: absorption of liquids
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education courses. After the Treaty of Trianon the institute had to be moved to Sopron.

Q1: What kind of mining did the world's first institute of technology prepare students for?
A1: copper
Q2: What's the founding year of the first institute of technology ever?
A2: 1735
Q3: Who established the Berg-Schola?
A3: Court Chamber of Vienna
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

The world's first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom. Twenty years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using similar technology manufactured by a number of companies.

Q1: Who developed the first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system?
A1: Oscar Bonello
Q2: Who was an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires?
A2: Oscar Bonello
Q3: What was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom?
A3: broadcast automation system
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world.

Q1: What queen set up the Banská Akadémia?
A1: queen Maria Theresa
Q2: What year was the Banská Akadémia founded?
A2: 1735
Q3: The Banská Akadémia was originally intended for training workers in what two precious metals?
A3: silver and gold
Q4: What year did teaching start at the Banská Akadémia?
A4: 1764
Q5: What are the university buildings still standing at the Banská Akadémia used for now?
A5: teaching
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta. This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil. Isotopic studies attribute the oil deposits to be about 110 million years old. Two smaller but still very large formations occur in the Peace River oil sands and the Cold Lake oil sands, to the west and southeast of the Athabasca oil sands, respectively. Of the Alberta bitumen deposits, only parts of the Athabasca oil sands are shallow enough to be suitable for surface mining. The other 80% has to be produced by oil wells using enhanced oil recovery techniques like steam-assisted gravity drainage.

Q1: What is the name of the world's greatest deposit of bitumen?
A1: Athabasca oil sands
Q2: Where are the Athabasca oil sands located?
A2: Northern Alberta
Q3: What formative period  produced bitumen?
A3: early Cretaceous
Q4: How old are the Athabasca deposits?
A4: 110 million years
Q5: What percentage of recovery of bitumen is by oil wells?
A5: 80%
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of C. W. Alcock. England is also home to the world's first football league, which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor. The original format contained 12 clubs from the Midlands and Northern England.

Q1: What is C.W. Alcock responsible for founding?
A1: FA Cup
Q2: How long has the FA Cup been contested?
A2: 1872
Q3: Who founded the worlds first football league?
A3: William McGregor
Q4: How many clubs where in the first football league?
A4: 12
Q5: What country is the home of the first football league?
A5: England
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

The worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in Egypt, where the Ptolemies adopted earlier Pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god-kings. These cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the Ptolemaieia at Alexandria and had their own festivals and theatrical performances. The setting up of ruler cults was more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings (sacrifice, proskynesis, statues, altars, hymns) which put them on par with the gods (isotheism) than on actual belief of their divine nature. According to Peter Green, these cults did not produce genuine belief of the divinity of rulers among the Greeks and Macedonians. The worship of Alexander was also popular, as in the long lived cult at Erythrae and of course, at Alexandria, where his tomb was located.

Q1: What practice did the Ptolemies adopt in which they dubbed themselves god-kings?
A1: Pharaonic
Q2: What theism is practice of putting your self on the level of gods?
A2: isotheism
Q3: A long lived cult in Erythrae worshiped which dead leader?
A3: Alexander
Q4: Where was Alexander's tomb located?
A4: Alexandria
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

The writer Sherrel W. Stewart's assertion that "most" African Americans have significant Native American heritage, is not supported by genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies. The TV series on African-American ancestry, hosted by the scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr., had genetics scholars who discussed in detail the variety of ancestries among African Americans. They noted there is popular belief in a high rate of Native American admixture that is not supported by the data that has been collected. (Reference is coming)

Q1: Who said many African Americans have NAtive American heritage?
A1: Sherrel W. Stewart
Q2: Who disproved Sherrel's hypothesis?
A2: genetic researchers who have done extensive population mapping studies
Q3: Who hosts a TV series on the genetic history of African Americans?
A3: Henry Louis Gates
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The writers of Grub Street, the Grub Street Hacks, were left feeling bitter about the relative success of the men of letters, and found an outlet for their literature which was typified by the libelle. Written mostly in the form of pamphlets, the libelles "slandered the court, the Church, the aristocracy, the academies, the salons, everything elevated and respectable, including the monarchy itself". Le Gazetier cuirassé by Charles Théveneau de Morande was a prototype of the genre. It was Grub Street literature that was most read by the public during the Enlightenment. More importantly, according to Darnton, the Grub Street hacks inherited the "revolutionary spirit" once displayed by the philosophes, and paved the way for the French Revolution by desacralizing figures of political, moral and religious authority in France.

Q1: What term was given to the writers of Grub Street?
A1: the Grub Street Hacks
Q2: Libelles were generally written in what form?
A2: pamphlets
Q3: Which group inherited the "revolutionary spirit" once displayed by the philosophes, according to Darnton?
A3: the Grub Street hacks
Q4: Which works by the Grub Street Hacks "slandered the court, the Church, the aristocracy, the academies, the salons, everything elevated and respectable, including the monarchy itself."?
A4: the libelles
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

The written score, however, does not usually contain explicit instructions as to how to interpret the piece in terms of production or performance, apart from directions for dynamics, tempo and expression (to a certain extent). This is left to the discretion of the performers, who are guided by their personal experience and musical education, their knowledge of the work's idiom, their personal artistic tastes, and the accumulated body of historic performance practices.

Q1: What does the written score not usually contain explicitly? 
A1: instructions
Q2: Interpretations of written score is left to whom?
A2: performers
Q3: Performers can use their knowledge of what to help interpret a written score?
A3: the work's idiom
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

The year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats. At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel. Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000 in the Battle of Maxen. Frederick himself lost half his army in the Battle of Kunersdorf (now Kunowice Poland), the worst defeat in his military career and one that drove him to the brink of abdication and thoughts of suicide. The disaster resulted partly from his misjudgment of the Russians, who had already demonstrated their strength at Zorndorf and at Gross-Jägersdorf (now Motornoye, Russia), and partly from good cooperation between the Russian and Austrian forces.

Q1: How did the Prussian army perform in 1759/
A1: 1759 saw several Prussian defeats
Q2: How would one characterize the encounter with the Russian army in 1757?
A2: 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians
Q3: What happened at Minden in 1757?
A3: the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French
Q4: What was the result of the Battle of Maxen?
A4: Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000
Q5: What happened to Frederick's army at the Battle at Kunersdorf?
A5: Frederick himself lost half his army
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

The year 1789 brought the French Revolution and with it the first division of Alsace into the départements of Haut- and Bas-Rhin. Alsatians played an active role in the French Revolution. On 21 July 1789, after receiving news of the Storming of the Bastille in Paris, a crowd of people stormed the Strasbourg city hall, forcing the city administrators to flee and putting symbolically an end to the feudal system in Alsace. In 1792, Rouget de Lisle composed in Strasbourg the Revolutionary marching song "La Marseillaise" (as Marching song for the Army of the Rhine), which later became the anthem of France. "La Marseillaise" was played for the first time in April of that year in front of the mayor of Strasbourg Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich. Some of the most famous generals of the French Revolution also came from Alsace, notably Kellermann, the victor of Valmy, Kléber, who led the armies of the French Republic in Vendée and Westermann, who also fought in the Vendée.

Q1: In what year did the division of Alsace take place?
A1: 1789
Q2: Which song was played for the first time in Strasbourg that would later become the French national anthem?
A2: La Marseillaise
Q3: Who led the armies of the French Republic in Vendee and Westermann?
A3: Kellermann
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

The year 2000 brought heightened interest in the AFL. Then-St. Louis Rams quarterback Kurt Warner, who was MVP of Super Bowl XXXIV, was first noticed because he played quarterback for the AFL's Iowa Barnstormers. While many sports commentators and fans continued to ridicule the league, Warner's story gave the league positive exposure, and it brought the league a new television deal with TNN, which, unlike ESPN, televised regular season games live. While it was not financially lucrative, it helped set the stage for what the league would become in the new millennium. Also, the year also brought a spin-off league, the AF2, intended to be a developmental league, comparable to the National Football League's NFL Europe. There was a lot of expansion in the 2000s. Expansion teams included the Austin Wranglers, Carolina Cobras, Los Angeles Avengers, Chicago Rush, Detroit Fury, Dallas Desperados, Colorado Crush, New Orleans VooDoo, Philadelphia Soul, Nashville Kats, Kansas City Brigade, New York Dragons and Utah Blaze. Some of these teams, including the Crush, Desperados, Kats, and VooDoo, were owned by the same group which owned the NFL teams in their host cities. The NFL purchased, but never exercised, an option to buy a major interest the AFL. Of all of these teams, only the Soul still compete in the AFL as of now.

Q1: What AFL team did Kurt Warner play for?
A1: Iowa Barnstormers
Q2: Kurt Warner was the Most Valuable Player in what Super Bowl?
A2: Super Bowl XXXIV
Q3: What NFL team did Kurt Warner play for?
A3: St. Louis Rams
Q4: What television network did the AFL sign a deal with in 2000?
A4: TNN
Q5: What was the name of the AFL team based in New Orleans?
A5: VooDoo
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

The year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 January as the first day of the new year. Even though the year used for dates changed, the civil year always displayed its months in the order January to December from the Roman Republican period until the present.

Q1: What year did the Roman Republic use for dates?
A1: consular year
Q2: What event started the consular year?
A2: consuls first entered office
Q3: What was the date of the consular year before 222 BC?
A3: 1 May
Q4: What was the date of the start of the consular year from 222 BC?
A4: 15 March
Q5: When did Rome begin to use the Julian calendar?
A5: 45 BC
Title: Premier_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the "Big Four" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four. In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "super clubs" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since 1994–95. That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since 1994–95.

Q1: Which team finished fourth in the 2009-10 season?
A1: In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005
Q2: Why was there critcism of the elite clubs?
A2: due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs.
Q3: Since 1994-95, who was the first club out side of the "Big Four" to win the title
A3: Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since 1994–95.
Q4: Which two "Big Four" clubs did not finish in the top four in the 2011-12 season?
A4: That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four
Q5: In the 2009-10 season, which team was the first to break into the "Big Four" since 2005?
A5: Tottenham
Q6: In which position did Tottenham finish in the 2009-10 season?
A6: fourth
Q7: In 2011-12, which club was the first non-"Big Four" team to win since 1994-95?
A7: Manchester City
Q8: In 2011-12, how many "Big Four" clubs finished outside the top four places in the league?
A8: two
Q9: In 2005, which was the only non-"Big Four" team to break the top four?
A9: Everton
Title: Richard_Feynman
Topic: Mathematics

The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge orthodox thinking, and who was always ready to teach Feynman something new. From his mother he gained the sense of humor that he had throughout his life. As a child, he had a talent for engineering, maintained an experimental laboratory in his home, and delighted in repairing radios. When he was in grade school, he created a home burglar alarm system while his parents were out for the day running errands.

Q1: What personality trait did Feynman acquire from his mother?
A1: humor
Q2: What person influenced Feynman to think deeply?
A2: father
Q3: What electronic instrument did Feynman repair as a child?
A3: radios
Q4: As a grade school child he created an electronic device while his parents were away, what was it?
A4: home burglar alarm system
Q5: What talent did Feynman have, even early in his childhood?
A5: engineering
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

The Śātavāhana Empire was a royal Indian dynasty based from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar (Pune) and Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra. The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. Sātavāhanas started out as feudatories to the Mauryan dynasty, but declared independence with its decline. They are known for their patronage of Hinduism and Buddhism which resulted in Buddhist monuments from Ellora (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) to Amaravati. The Sātavāhanas were one of the first Indian states to issue coins struck with their rulers embossed. They formed a cultural bridge and played a vital role in trade as well as the transfer of ideas and culture to and from the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the southern tip of India. They had to compete with the Shunga Empire and then the Kanva dynasty of Magadha to establish their rule. Later, they played a crucial role to protect a huge part of India against foreign invaders like the Sakas, Yavanas and Pahlavas. In particular their struggles with the Western Kshatrapas went on for a long time. The notable rulers of the Satavahana Dynasty Gautamiputra Satakarni and Sri Yajna Sātakarni were able to defeat the foreign invaders like the Western Kshatrapas and to stop their expansion. In the 3rd century CE the empire was split into smaller states.

Q1: What empire covered most of India from 230 BCE?
A1: Śātavāhana Empire
Q2: Of what were the Satavahanas patrons?
A2: Hinduism and Buddhism
Q3: What did the Satavahanas issue embossed with their king's head?
A3: coins
Q4: When was the Satavahana Empire divided into smaller states?
A4: 3rd century CE
Q5: From what did the Satavahana Empire protect much of India?
A5: foreign invaders
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Theatre traditionally has occupied a large place in Parisian culture, and many of its most popular actors today are also stars of French television. The oldest and most famous Paris theatre is the Comédie-Française, founded in 1680. Run by the French government, it performs mostly French classics at the Salle Richelieu in the Palais-Royal at 2 rue de Richelieu, next to the Louvre.  of Other famous theaters include the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe, next to the Luxembourg Gardens, also a state institution and theatrical landmark; the Théâtre Mogador, and the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse.

Q1: When was the oldest Paris theater founded?
A1: 1680
Q2: What is the name of Paris' oldest theater?
A2: Comédie-Française
Q3: Who runs Paris' oldest theater today?
A3: French government
Q4: What famous museum is Comedie-Francaise located next to?
A4: the Louvre
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

Their endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madrasahs became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the medieval Islamic world. Other scholars regard the university as uniquely European in origin and characteristics.

Q1: What type of university was an Islamic madrasa akin to?
A1: Mediterranean universities
Q2: What type of individual funded a Mediterranean university?
A2: prince or monarch
Q3: In which century did Islamic madrasas start to transform into universities?
A3: 10th
Q4: From where did a degree come in a madrasa?
A4: individual teachers
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Their final aircraft design, the Silver Dart, embodied all of the advancements found in the earlier machines. On February 23, 1909, Bell was present as the Silver Dart flown by J.A.D. McCurdy from the frozen ice of Bras d'Or, made the first aircraft flight in Canada. Bell had worried that the flight was too dangerous and had arranged for a doctor to be on hand. With the successful flight, the AEA disbanded and the Silver Dart would revert to Baldwin and McCurdy who began the Canadian Aerodrome Company and would later demonstrate the aircraft to the Canadian Army.

Q1: What did the AEA name their last plane?
A1: Silver Dart
Q2: Who was the first to fly the Silver Dart?
A2: J.A.D. McCurdy
Q3: What professional did Bell make sure was present during the first Silver Dart flight?
A3: a doctor
Q4: What business did Baldwin and McCurdy start after the AEA folded?
A4: Canadian Aerodrome Company
Q5: On what month and day did the Silver Dart take its first flight?
A5: February 23
Title: England_national_football_team
Topic: Sports and recreation

Their first ever defeat on home soil to a foreign team was an 0–2 loss to the Republic of Ireland, on 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park. A 6–3 loss in 1953 to Hungary, was their second defeat by a foreign team at Wembley. In the return match in Budapest, Hungary won 7–1. This still stands as England's worst ever defeat. After the game, a bewildered Syd Owen said, "it was like playing men from outer space". In the 1954 FIFA World Cup, England reached the quarter-finals for the first time, and lost 4–2 to reigning champions Uruguay.

Q1: In what year did England suffer their first defeat at home to a foreign team?
A1: 1949
Q2: What was the final score of England's worst ever defeat?
A2: 7–1
Q3: In what year did England reach the quarter-finals of the FIFA World Cup for the first time?
A3: 1954
Q4: To whom is the quote "it was like playing men from outer space" attributed?
A4: Syd Owen
Q5: After reaching the FIFA World Cup quarter-finals for the first time, to whom did England lose with a final score of 4-2?
A5: Uruguay
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Theism generally holds that God exists realistically, objectively, and independently of human thought; that God created and sustains everything; that God is omnipotent and eternal; and that God is personal and interacting with the universe through, for example, religious experience and the prayers of humans. Theism holds that God is both transcendent and immanent; thus, God is simultaneously infinite and in some way present in the affairs of the world. Not all theists subscribe to all of these propositions, but each usually subscribes to some of them (see, by way of comparison, family resemblance). Catholic theology holds that God is infinitely simple and is not involuntarily subject to time. Most theists hold that God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent, although this belief raises questions about God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world. Some theists ascribe to God a self-conscious or purposeful limiting of omnipotence, omniscience, or benevolence. Open Theism, by contrast, asserts that, due to the nature of time, God's omniscience does not mean the deity can predict the future. Theism is sometimes used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods, i.e., monotheism or polytheism.

Q1: What is the basis behind Catholic theology?
A1: God is infinitely simple and is not involuntarily subject to time
Q2: What ways can God interact with the universe?
A2: religious experience and the prayers of humans
Q3: Why is it sometimes hard to think of God as benevolent?
A3: God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world
Q4: What is the suffix theism used for?
A4: used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods
Q5: What are examples of different types of theism?
A5: monotheism or polytheism
Q6: What three points do most theists agree on?
A6: God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent,
Q7: What religion believes that God is infinitely simple and not subject to time?
A7: Catholic
Q8: What does theism mean in general?
A8: belief in a god or gods
Title: Muslim_world
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather than giving supernatural or mythological explanations for these events, Ibn al-Nafis attempted to explain these plot elements using the scientific knowledge of biology, astronomy, cosmology and geology known in his time. Ibn al-Nafis' fiction explained Islamic religious teachings via science and Islamic philosophy.

Q1: What was the life span of Ibn al-Nafis?
A1: 1213–1288
Q2: What type of book is Theologus Autodidactus the first type of?
A2: science fiction
Q3: What did Ibn al-Nafis use to explain the events in Theologus Autodidactus?
A3: scientific knowledge
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

Theophrastus wrote some of the earliest descriptions of plants and animals, establishing the first taxonomy and looking at minerals in terms of their properties such as hardness. Pliny the Elder produced what is one of the largest encyclopedias of the natural world in 77 AD, and must be regarded as the rightful successor to Theophrastus. For example, he accurately describes the octahedral shape of the diamond, and proceeds to mention that diamond dust is used by engravers to cut and polish other gems owing to its great hardness. His recognition of the importance of crystal shape is a precursor to modern crystallography, while mention of numerous other minerals presages mineralogy. He also recognises that other minerals have characteristic crystal shapes, but in one example, confuses the crystal habit with the work of lapidaries. He was also the first to recognise that amber was a fossilized resin from pine trees because he had seen samples with trapped insects within them.

Q1: What classification guide did Theophrastus create?
A1: the first taxonomy
Q2: In what year did Pliny the Elder publish the largest encyclopedia?
A2: 77 AD
Q3: What did Pliny the Elder observe about diamonds?
A3: the octahedral shape
Q4: Who do engravers use diamond dust for?
A4: to cut and polish other gems
Q5: What characteristic was Pliny the Elder the first to recognize about amber?
A5: was a fossilized resin
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far from optimal in ecological terms. An example is the migration of continental populations of Swainson's thrush Catharus ustulatus, which fly far east across North America before turning south via Florida to reach northern South America; this route is believed to be the consequence of a range expansion that occurred about 10,000 years ago. Detours may also be caused by differential wind conditions, predation risk, or other factors.

Q1: What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive?
A1: 20%
Q2: What kind of bird flies less efficiently?
A2: a bird that loads itself with food
Q3: What type of bird show circuitous migratory routes?
A3: Swainson's thrush
Q4: Where do Swainson's thrush fly from?
A4: far east across North America
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

Theoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influential leaders and families before the Edo Period. Bushido was an ideal, and it remained fairly uniform from the 13th century to the 19th century — the ideals of Bushido transcended social class, time and geographic location of the warrior class.

Q1: Who were most samurais' lords?
A1: daimyo
Q2: Whose teachings did all samurai read?
A2: Confucius and Mencius
Q3: What did Bushido transcend?
A3: social class, time and geographic location
Q4: When was Bushido formalized?
A4: before the Edo Period
Q5: Who formalized Bushido?
A5: several influential leaders and families
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

Theories dealing with perception either use one or multiples perceptions in order to find an emotion (Goldie, 2007).A recent hybrid of the somatic and cognitive theories of emotion is the perceptual theory. This theory is neo-Jamesian in arguing that bodily responses are central to emotions, yet it emphasizes the meaningfulness of emotions or the idea that emotions are about something, as is recognized by cognitive theories. The novel claim of this theory is that conceptually-based cognition is unnecessary for such meaning. Rather the bodily changes themselves perceive the meaningful content of the emotion because of being causally triggered by certain situations. In this respect, emotions are held to be analogous to faculties such as vision or touch, which provide information about the relation between the subject and the world in various ways. A sophisticated defense of this view is found in philosopher Jesse Prinz's book Gut Reactions, and psychologist James Laird's book Feelings.

Q1: What theory argues that conceptual cognition is not required for emotional meaning?
A1: the perceptual theory
Q2: What book by Prinz defended the perceptual theory?
A2: Gut Reactions
Q3: What book on the perceptual theory was written by James Laird?
A3: Feelings
Q4: What is Laird's job title?
A4: psychologist
Q5: What is Jesse Prinz's profession?
A5: philosopher
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, "People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region."

Q1: Who won season five of American Idol? 
A1: Taylor Hicks
Q2: What state is Taylor Hicks from? 
A2: Alabama
Q3: Where do people in the Southern United States often begin singing? 
A3: church
Q4: Where do a lot of people get their start in singing in the south?
A4: church
Q5: Where is Taylor Hicks from?
A5: Alabama
Title: Communication
Topic: Language and literature

Theories of coregulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information. Canadian media scholar Harold Innis had the theory that people use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for the shape and durability of society (Wark, McKenzie 1997). His famous example of this is using ancient Egypt and looking at the ways they built themselves out of media with very different properties stone and papyrus. Papyrus is what he called 'Space Binding'. it made possible the transmission of written orders across space, empires and enables the waging of distant military campaigns and colonial administration. The other is stone and 'Time Binding', through the construction of temples and the pyramids can sustain their authority generation to generation, through this media they can change and shape communication in their society (Wark, McKenzie 1997).

Q1: What describes communication as creative and dynamic rather than discrete?
A1: Theories of coregulation
Q2: Who theorized that the types of media people use to communicate will offer different possibilities for the shape of society?
A2: Harold Innis
Q3: What ancient civilization did Harold Innis use as an example of his theory?
A3: Egypt
Q4: What did Harold Innis call papyrus?
A4: Space Binding
Q5: What did Space Binding make possible for the ancient Egyptian civilizations?
A5: transmission of written orders across space, empires
Title: Mammal
Topic: Natural sciences

Therapsids descended from pelycosaurs in the Middle Permian, about 265 million years ago, and became the dominant land vertebrates. They differ from basal eupelycosaurs in several features of the skull and jaws, including: larger temporal fenestrae and incisors which are equal in size. The therapsid lineage leading to mammals went through a series of stages, beginning with animals that were very like their pelycosaur ancestors and ending with probainognathian cynodonts, some of which could easily be mistaken for mammals. Those stages were characterized by:

Q1: From which dinosaur group did Therapsids descend from?
A1: pelycosaurs
Q2: Around what time did Therapsids become the dominant land animal?
A2: 265 million years ago
Q3: At which group did Therapsids end with?
A3: probainognathian cynodonts
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Theravada ("Doctrine of the Elders", or "Ancient Doctrine") is the oldest surviving Buddhist school. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhism. The name Theravāda comes from the ancestral Sthāvirīya, one of the early Buddhist schools, from which the Theravadins claim descent. After unsuccessfully trying to modify the Vinaya, a small group of "elderly members", i.e. sthaviras, broke away from the majority Mahāsāṃghika during the Second Buddhist council, giving rise to the Sthavira sect. Sinhalese Buddhist reformers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries portrayed the Pali Canon as the original version of scripture. They also emphasized Theravada being rational and scientific.

Q1: What is the oldest surviving Buddhist school?
A1: Theravada
Q2: Where does the name theravada come from?
A2: ancestral Sthāvirīya
Q3: Sinhalese buddhist reformer portrayed what Canon as the original version of scripture?
A3: Pali Canon
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Theravadin Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth. Monks follow the vinaya: meditating, teaching and serving their lay communities. Laypersons can perform good actions, producing merit.

Q1: What type of Buddhists believe that personal effort is required to realize rebirth?
A1: Theravadin
Q2: Laypersons can perform good actions, producing what?
A2: merit
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Theravāda is primarily practiced today in Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia as well as small portions of China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Bangladesh. It has a growing presence in the west.

Q1: Where is there a growing presence of Theravada?
A1: the west
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

There are 119,500 males within the city and 117,400 females. The 20–24 age range is the most populous, with an estimated 32,300 people falling in this age range. Next largest is the 25–29 range with 24,700 people and then 30–34 years with 17,800. By population, Southampton is the largest monocentric city in the South East England region and the second largest on the South Coast after Plymouth.

Q1: Are there more males or females in Southampton?
A1: males
Q2: What age range contains the most people from Southampton?
A2: 20–24
Q3: How many people between the ages of 30 and 34 live in Southampton?
A3: 17,800
Q4: How many women live in Southampton?
A4: 117,400
Q5: What's the only monocentric city on the South Coast larger than Southampton?
A5: Plymouth
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]

Q1: How many universities are in Switzerland?
A1: 12
Q2: How many of the 12 Swiss universities are maintained at the cantonal level?
A2: ten
Q3: When was the first university in Switzerland founded?
A3: 1460
Q4: What is the biggest university in Switzerland?
A4: University of Zurich
Q5: How many students attend the University of Zurich?
A5: nearly 25,000
Title: Hyderabad
Topic: Geography and places

There are 13 universities in Hyderabad: two private universities, two deemed universities, six state universities and three central universities. The central universities are the University of Hyderabad, Maulana Azad National Urdu University and the English and Foreign Languages University. Osmania University, established in 1918, was the first university in Hyderabad and as of 2012[update] is India's second most popular institution for international students. The Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University, established in 1982, is the first distance learning open university in India.

Q1: How many universities are in Hyderabad?
A1: 13
Q2: Of the universities in Hyderabad how many are state run?
A2: six
Q3: Maulana Azad National Urdu University is a type of university that represents what type of university?
A3: central universities
Q4: What year was Osmania University formed?
A4: 1918
Q5: In 1982 the first long distance university was opened in India, what is it's name?
A5: The Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.

Q1: How many private institutes of technology are there in India?
A1: 16
Q2: How many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in India?
A2: 30
Q3: What organization oversees India's technical education institutions?
A3: AICTE
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.

Q1: How many laws are there in the official Laws of the Game?
A1: 17
Q2: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?
A2: International Football Association Board (IFAB)
Q3: Broad terms in the laws allow for what?
A3: flexibility
Q4: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?
A4: FIFA
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

There are 17 universities of technology in Germany with about 290,000 students enrolled. The four states of Bremen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein are not operating a Technische Universität. Saxony and Lower Saxony have the highest counts of TUs, while in Saxony three out of four universities are universities of technology.

Q1: How many institutes of technology are there in Germany?
A1: 17
Q2: What's the approximate number of students in Germany who are enrolled in a university of technology?
A2: 290,000
Q3: Which German state has the highest ratio of universities of technology to standard universities?
A3: Saxony
Title: Premier_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the Football League Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place.

Q1: When does the Premier League have its playing season?
A1: During the course of a season (from August to May)
Q2: How many games does each club play each season?
A2: each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games.
Q3: How many points does each club receive for each win?
A3: Teams receive three points for a win
Q4: Which criteria is used to rank the clubs?
A4: Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored.
Q5: How is a tie for the championship handled?
A5: If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.
Q6: How many clubs are currently in the Premier League?
A6: 20
Q7: Which month marks the start of a Premier League season?
A7: May
Q8: How many times does each club play every other club?
A8: twice
Q9: How many total games does each club in the Premier League play per season?
A9: 38
Title: Copper
Topic: History

There are 29 isotopes of copper. 63Cu and 65Cu are stable, with 63Cu comprising approximately 69% of naturally occurring copper; they both have a spin of 3⁄2. The other isotopes are radioactive, with the most stable being 67Cu with a half-life of 61.83 hours. Seven metastable isotopes have been characterized, with 68mCu the longest-lived with a half-life of 3.8 minutes. Isotopes with a mass number above 64 decay by β−, whereas those with a mass number below 64 decay by β+. 64Cu, which has a half-life of 12.7 hours, decays both ways.

Q1: How many isotopes are there of copper?
A1: 29
Q2: What are the two stable isotopes of cooper?
A2: 63Cu and 65Cu
Q3: Which isotope makes up about 69% of natural copper?
A3: 63Cu
Q4: What is the half life of the copper isotope 68mCu?
A4: 3.8 minutes
Q5: What is the half life of the copper isotope 67Cu?
A5: 61.83 hours
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

There are 366 railway stations in the London Travelcard Zones on an extensive above-ground suburban railway network. South London, particularly, has a high concentration of railways as it has fewer Underground lines. Most rail lines terminate around the centre of London, running into eighteen terminal stations, with the exception of the Thameslink trains connecting Bedford in the north and Brighton in the south via Luton and Gatwick airports. London has Britain's busiest station by number of passengers – Waterloo, with over 184 million people using the interchange station complex (which includes Waterloo East station) each year. Clapham Junction is the busiest station in Europe by the number of trains passing.

Q1: What is Europe's busiest rail station in terms of train activity?
A1: Clapham Junction
Q2: How many railway stations are utilized by London's railway network?
A2: 366
Q3: Why does South London have such a high number of railways?
A3: it has fewer Underground lines.
Q4: What is Britain's busiest railway station in terms of passengers?
A4: Waterloo
Q5: How many travelers pass through Waterloo station yearly?
A5: over 184 million
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant. The Chief Secretary in turn reports to the Chief Minister. In addition to these departments, there are several Autonomous Bodies and Attached Departments that report directly to either the Secretaries or the Chief Secretary.

Q1: How many departments does the Punjab administration have?
A1: 48
Q2: Who heads each government department?
A2: a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary
Q3: Who do the Provincial Ministers report to?
A3: the Chief Minister
Q4: Who do the Provincial Secretaries report to?
A4: the Chief Secretary of Punjab
Q5: What rank is the Chief Secretary?
A5: usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms). It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether their ancestors evolved in a way that led to the disappearance of a previously existing brain structure.

Q1: A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what?
A1: acoelomorphs
Q2: Some bilaterians without a brain are what?
A2: echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs