LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there arose a more diffuse arena for political studies. The rise of monotheism and, particularly for the Western tradition, Christianity, brought to light a new space for politics and political action[citation needed]. During the Middle Ages, the study of politics was widespread in the churches and courts. Works such as Augustine of Hippo's The City of God synthesized current philosophies and political traditions with those of Christianity, redefining the borders between what was religious and what was political. Most of the political questions surrounding the relationship between Church and State were clarified and contested in this period.

Q1: What allowed political studies to spread?
A1: the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Q2: What new idea caused politics to cover a larger spectrum?
A2: monotheism
Q3: Where did politics touch in the Middle Ages?
A3: churches and courts
Q4: Who wrote The City of God?
A4: Augustine of Hippo
Q5: What did The City of God change?
A5: the borders between what was religious and what was political
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

With the financial expansion, trading rights became more jealously guarded by the commercial elite. Towns saw the growing power of guilds, while on a national level special companies would be granted monopolies on particular trades, like the English wool Staple. The beneficiaries of these developments would accumulate immense wealth. Families like the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England, and individuals like Jacques Coeur in France would help finance the wars of kings, and achieve great political influence in the process.

Q1: What privilege was granted to companies on a national level?
A1: monopolies
Q2: Which families financed the wars of kings?
A2: the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England
Q3: Which economic associations gained power in the towns?
A3: guilds
Q4: Where was Jacques Couer from?
A4: France
Title: East_Prussia
Topic: History

With the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versailles. East Prussia became an exclave, being separated from mainland Germany. After the Treaty of Versailles, East Prussia was separated from Germany as an exclave; the Memelland was also separated from the province. Because most of West Prussia became part of the Second Polish Republic as the Polish Corridor, the formerly West Prussian Marienwerder region became part of East Prussia (as Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen). Also Soldau district in Allenstein region was part of Second Polish Republic. The Seedienst Ostpreußen was established to provide an independent transport service to East Prussia.

Q1: In what year did Germany become a republic?
A1: 1918
Q2: What was implemented that separated East Prussia from Germany?
A2: Treaty of Versailles
Q3: What was implemented to provide transport to East Prussia?
A3: The Seedienst Ostpreußen
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria, especially wool, and a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs. An extensive radial railway network centred on Melbourne and spreading out across the suburbs and into the countryside was established from the late 1850s. Further major public buildings were begun in the 1860s and 1870s such as the Supreme Court, Government House, and the Queen Victoria Market. The central city filled up with shops and offices, workshops, and warehouses. Large banks and hotels faced the main streets, with fine townhouses in the east end of Collins Street, contrasting with tiny cottages down laneways within the blocks. The Aboriginal population continued to decline with an estimated 80% total decrease by 1863, due primarily to introduced diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands.

Q1: When was the gold rush over in Melbourne?
A1: 1860
Q2: How did Melbourne grow as major port for exporting the agricultural products?
A2: gold mining
Q3: What was protected by high tarriffs?
A3: wool
Q4: In 1863, why was Aboriginal population declining?
A4: diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands.
Q5: By what year was the gold rush largely over?
A5: 1860
Q6: What was one of the major agricultural products of Victoria around 1860?
A6: wool
Q7: What were some of the reasons the Aboriginal population continued to recline?
A7: introduced diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands
Q8: Which disease in particular caused the Aboriginal population to continue a decline?
A8: smallpox
Q9: The Aboriginal population declined by what estimated percentage by 1863?
A9: 80%
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

With the gradual weakening of the Marathas in the aftermath of the three Anglo-Maratha wars, the British also secured the Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat, the fort of Ahmmadnagar, province of Cuttack (which included Mughalbandi/the coastal part of Odisha, Garjat/the princely states of Odisha, Balasore Port, parts of Midnapore district of West Bengal), Bombay (Mumbai) and the surrounding areas, leading to a formal end of the Maratha empire and firm establishment of the British East India Company in India.

Q1: how many Anglo Maratha wars were there?
A1: three
Q2: What empire ended after the three Anglo- Maratha wars?
A2: Maratha empire
Q3: With the formal end of Maratha Empire the EIC created a  firm hold on what country?
A3: India
Q4: Was the Maratha Empire ended quick or gradual?
A4: gradual
Q5: what country  took over the fort of Ahmmadnagar that then became part of the cause for the Maratha Emprie to end?
A5: British
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

With the growing possibility of an Allied invasion in the Balkans, the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command. This meant, among other things, a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally. On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation Rösselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia.

Q1: Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans?
A1: Axis
Q2: Who was the opponent of the Allies?
A2: Axis
Q3: Which group of people wanted to capture Tito personally?
A3: German
Q4: In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans?
A4: Drvar
Q5: What type of assault was there in Bosnia?
A5: airborne
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

With the help of Charles Stearn, an expert on vacuum pumps, in 1878, Swan developed a method of processing that avoided the early bulb blackening. This received a British Patent in 1880.[dubious – discuss] On 18 December 1878, a lamp using a slender carbon rod was shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society, and Swan gave a working demonstration at their meeting on 17 January 1879. It was also shown to 700 who attended a meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne on 3 February 1879. These lamps used a carbon rod from an arc lamp rather than a slender filament. Thus they had low resistance and required very large conductors to supply the necessary current, so they were not commercially practical, although they did furnish a demonstration of the possibilities of incandescent lighting with relatively high vacuum, a carbon conductor, and platinum lead-in wires. Besides requiring too much current for a central station electric system to be practical, they had a very short lifetime. Swan turned his attention to producing a better carbon filament and the means of attaching its ends. He devised a method of treating cotton to produce 'parchmentised thread' and obtained British Patent 4933 in 1880. From this year he began installing light bulbs in homes and landmarks in England. His house was the first in the world to be lit by a lightbulb and also the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power. In 1878 the home of Lord Armstrong at Cragside was also among the first houses to be lit by electricity. In the early 1880s he had started his company. In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London was lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, which was the first theatre, and the first public building in the world, to be lit entirely by electricity.

Q1: Where did Joseph Swan demonstrate his lamp in January 1879?
A1: at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society
Q2: Which vacuum pump expert helped Swan invent his lamp?
A2: Charles Stearn
Q3: Why was Swan's first lamp not commercially viable?
A3: 'parchmentised thread'
Q4: When did Swan receive a patent for parchmentised thread?
A4: 1880
Q5: What was the first public building to install electric lighting?
A5: the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London
Title: Friedrich_Hayek
Topic: Social sciences and society

With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.

Q1: What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute?
A1: director
Q2: Who requested that Hayek be employed by LSE?
A2: Lionel Robbins
Q3: What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London?
A3: one of the leading economic theorists in the world
Q4: What subject did Hayek's works influence and inspire?
A4: modern microeconomics
Q5: In what year did Hayek come to London?
A5: 1931
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game." The force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives." Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.

Q1: What was the initial size of the Thames River Police force?
A1: 50
Q2: How many dock workers were the Thames River Police policing?
A2: 33,000
Q3: How many dock workers did Colquhoun say were criminals?
A3: 11,000
Q4: How much cargo theft did the Thames River Police prevent in its first year?
A4: £122,000
Q5: When was the Thames River Police made a public service?
A5: 28 July 180
Title: Alloy
Topic: Mathematics

With the introduction of the blast furnace to Europe in the Middle Ages, pig iron was able to be produced in much higher volumes than wrought iron. Because pig iron could be melted, people began to develop processes of reducing the carbon in the liquid pig iron to create steel. Puddling was introduced during the 1700s, where molten pig iron was stirred while exposed to the air, to remove the carbon by oxidation. In 1858, Sir Henry Bessemer developed a process of steel-making by blowing hot air through liquid pig iron to reduce the carbon content. The Bessemer process was able to produce the first large scale manufacture of steel. Once the Bessemer process began to gain widespread use, other alloys of steel began to follow. Mangalloy, an alloy of steel and manganese exhibiting extreme hardness and toughness, was one of the first alloy steels, and was created by Robert Hadfield in 1882.

Q1: What did the blast furnace help do to pig iron in the middle ages?
A1: produced in much higher volumes than wrought iron
Q2: By reducing carbon in liquid pig iron, what was created?
A2: steel
Q3: When did puddling start occurring?
A3: 1700s
Q4: When was the Bessemer process developed?
A4: 1858
Q5: Steel and manganese combines form to make what?
A5: Mangalloy
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang. The pidgin English or Nigerian English is widely spoken within the Niger Delta Regions, predominately in Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt, Agenebode, Ewu, and Benin City.

Q1: What is Nigerian Pidgin English often called?
A1: 'Pidgin' or 'Broken'
Q2: What regions is Nigerian English commonly spoken in?
A2: Niger Delta Regions
Q3: What type of region does a majority of Nigerians live in?
A3: rural
Q4: What type of languages are the most popular in Nigeria?
A4: indigenous
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

With the mixture of radio friendly AC tunes with some rock and pop fare also landing on the pop charts, mainstream songs won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play. Part of the reason why more and more hot AC stations are forced to change is that less and less new music fits their bill; most new rock is too alternative for mainstream radio and most new pop is now influenced heavily by dance-pop and electronic dance music.

Q1: Who have hot AC format radio stations had to change the music they play?
A1: less and less new music fits their bill
Q2: By what two genres are modern pop songs heavily influenced?
A2: dance-pop and electronic dance music
Q3: Why is new rock not suitable for mainstream radio?
A3: too alternative
Title: Idealism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

With the neoplatonist Plotinus, wrote Nathaniel Alfred Boll; "there even appears, probably for the first time in Western philosophy, idealism that had long been current in the East even at that time, for it taught... that the soul has made the world by stepping from eternity into time...". Similarly, in regard to passages from the Enneads, "The only space or place of the world is the soul" and "Time must not be assumed to exist outside the soul", Ludwig Noiré wrote: "For the first time in Western philosophy we find idealism proper in Plotinus, However, Plotinus does not address whether we know external objects, unlike Schopenhauer and other modern philosophers.

Q1: What sort of philosopher was Plotinus?
A1: neoplatonist
Q2: According to Noiré, who was the first true Western idealist?
A2: Plotinus
Q3: What issue did Schopenhauer discuss that Plotinus did not?
A3: whether we know external objects
Q4: What did the Enneads believe might not have existence outside of the soul?
A4: Time
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

With the new Motorola 68030 processor came the Macintosh IIx in 1988, which had benefited from internal improvements, including an on-board MMU. It was followed in 1989 by the Macintosh IIcx, a more compact version with fewer slots  and a version of the Mac SE powered by the 16 MHz 68030, the Macintosh SE/30. Later that year, the Macintosh IIci, running at 25 MHz, was the first Mac to be "32-bit clean." This allowed it to natively support more than 8 MB of RAM, unlike its predecessors, which had "32-bit dirty" ROMs (8 of the 32 bits available for addressing were used for OS-level flags). System 7 was the first Macintosh operating system to support 32-bit addressing. The following year, the Macintosh IIfx, starting at US$9,900, was unveiled. Apart from its fast 40 MHz 68030 processor, it had significant internal architectural improvements, including faster memory and two Apple II CPUs (6502s) dedicated to I/O processing.

Q1: What Macintosh first included an on-board MMU?
A1: the Macintosh IIx
Q2: What was the first Mac to be "32-bit clean"?
A2: the Macintosh IIci
Q3: What was the starting price of the Macintosh llfx when it was unveiled?
A3: US$9,900
Q4: How many Apple II CPUS's did the new Macintosh llfx include?
A4: two
Q5: How fast was the processor on the new Macintosh llfx?
A5: 40 MHz
Title: Marvel_Comics
Topic: Geography and places

With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences). In addition, the company created an alternate universe imprint, Ultimate Marvel, that allowed the company to reboot its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation.

Q1: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?
A1: bankruptcy
Q2: When did Marvel withdraw from the Comics Code Authority?
A2: 2001
Q3: What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?
A3: Marvel Rating System
Q4: What was the first book published under this new ratings system?
A4: X-Force #119
Q5: What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?
A5: MAX
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region. The contest was the most prestigious in that era. From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913, Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times. Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell. The latter became the club's first full-time coach in 1917. The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals Espanyol won.

Q1: How many times did Barcelona win the Pyrenees Cup?
A1: four
Q2: From what area were the participants of the Pyrenees Cup competition?
A2: Marca Hispanica
Q3: When was the Pyrenees Cup play begun?
A3: 1910
Q4: Who was Barcelona's first full time coach?
A4: Jack Greenwell
Q5: When was the last Pyrenees Cup played?
A5: 1914
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred his court to Brazil and established Rio de Janeiro as the capital of the Portuguese Empire. In 1815, Brazil was declared a Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal was united with it, forming a pluricontinental State, the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.

Q1: Under whose occupation did Portugal begin a slow decline?
A1: Napoleon
Q2: How long did Portugal's decline last?
A2: until the 20th century
Q3: In what year did Brazil become independent from Portugal?
A3: 1822
Q4: To where did Prince Regent Joao VI of Portugal transfer his court?
A4: Brazil
Q5: What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal and Brazil in 1815?
A5: United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

With the onset of the Crusades in 1095, and the expulsions from England (1290), France (1394), and parts of Germany (15th century), Jewish migration pushed eastward into Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century). Over this period of several hundred years, some have suggested, Jewish economic activity was focused on trade, business management, and financial services, due to several presumed factors: Christian European prohibitions restricting certain activities by Jews, preventing certain financial activities (such as "usurious" loans) between Christians, high rates of literacy, near universal male education, and ability of merchants to rely upon and trust family members living in different regions and countries.

Q1: What year marked the onset of the Crusades?
A1: 1095
Q2: What year were the expulsions from England?
A2: 1290
Q3: What year were the expulsions from France?
A3: 1394
Q4: After expulsions from England and France, Jewish migration headed in which direction?
A4: Jewish migration pushed eastward
Q5: As Jews were expelled from England, France, and parts of Germany they head into which three countries?
A5: Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century)
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

With the opening of the tourist industry after the change in the political scenario of Nepal in 1950, the hotel industry drastically improved. Now Kathmandu boasts several luxury such as the Hyatt Regency, Dwarika's, theYak & Yeti, The Everest Hotel, Hotel Radisson, Hotel De L'Annapurna, The Malla Hotel, Shangri-La Hotel (which is not operated by the Shangri-La Hotel Group) and The Shanker Hotel. There are several four-star hotels such as Hotel Vaishali, Hotel Narayani, The Blue Star and Grand Hotel. The Garden Hotel, Hotel Ambassador, and Aloha Inn are among the three-star hotels in Kathmandu. Hotels like Hyatt Regency, De L'Annapurna and Hotel Yak & Yeti are among the five-star hotels providing casinos as well.

Q1: How many stars is Kathmandu's Grand Hotel?
A1: four
Q2: What type of hotel is Aloha Inn?
A2: three-star
Q3: De L'Annapurna is an example of what sort of hotel?
A3: five-star
Q4: What attractions are present at Hotel Yak & Yeti and the Hyatt Regency?
A4: casinos
Title: ASCII
Topic: Engineering and technology

With the other special characters and control codes filled in, ASCII was published as ASA X3.4-1963, leaving 28 code positions without any assigned meaning, reserved for future standardization, and one unassigned control code.:66, 245 There was some debate at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than the lowercase alphabet.:435 The indecision did not last long: during May 1963 the CCITT Working Party on the New Telegraph Alphabet proposed to assign lowercase characters to columns 6 and 7, and International Organization for Standardization TC 97 SC 2 voted during October to incorporate the change into its draft standard. The X3.2.4 task group voted its approval for the change to ASCII at its May 1963 meeting. Locating the lowercase letters in columns 6 and 7 caused the characters to differ in bit pattern from the upper case by a single bit, which simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers.

Q1: What was ASCII published as and when?
A1: ASA X3.4-1963
Q2: How many code positions were left unassigned for furture standardization?
A2: 28 code positions
Q3: When was the change to ASCII made official?
A3: May 1963
Q4: The lower case letters caused a differ in the patter, what did this cause?
A4: simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated strikes and other tactics in support of improvements such as the 8-hour day/40-hour work week, increased wages, greater benefits and improved working conditions. The labor activism during those years increased influence of union leaders in the city such as Jimmy Hoffa of the Teamsters and Walter Reuther of the Autoworkers.

Q1: Who was the labor leader of the Teamsters?
A1: Jimmy Hoffa
Q2: Who was the labor leader of the Autoworkers?
A2: Walter Reuther
Q3: How many hours did the unions push for as a maximum for a work day?
A3: 8
Q4: How many hours did the Unions want the work week to be limited to?
A4: 40
Title: Sony_Music_Entertainment
Topic: Music

With the record company a global operation in 1965, the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management started pondering changing the name of their record company subsidiary from Columbia Records to CBS Records.

Q1: CBS began thinking of a name change to their record label in what year?
A1: 1965
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey.

Q1: Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to what failure?
A1: to diversify away from gaming
Q2: Who did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with in 1999?
A2: Steve Wynn
Q3: Why did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with Steve Wynn?
A3: to develop a new roadway
Q4: What was the project involving Steve Wynn nicknamed?
A4: The Tunnel Project
Q5: "The Tunnel Project" was later officially named what?
A5: Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was stretched to fill the entire video frame with less or none of the video resolution wasted to create letterbox bars. The advantage was a 33% greater vertical resolution compared to letterboxed widescreen LaserDisc. This same procedure was used for anamorphic DVDs, but unlike all DVD players, very few LD players had the ability to unsqueeze the image for 4:3 sets, and very few if any 4:3 sets could be set to play them properly either. If the discs were played on a standard 4:3 television the image would be distorted. Since very few people owned 16:9 displays, the marketability of these special discs was very limited.

Q1: What were "Squeeze LDs"?
A1: enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs
Q2: With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate?
A2: 16:9-ratio widescreen
Q3: Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market?
A3: very few people owned 16:9 displays
Q4: Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted?
A4: distorted
Q5: What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs?
A5: 33%
Title: Hard_rock
Topic: Music

With the rise of disco in the US and punk rock in the UK, hard rock's mainstream dominance was rivalled toward the later part of the decade. Disco appealed to a more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled against the drum solos and extended guitar solos that characterised stadium rock, with almost all of their songs clocking in around two minutes with no guitar solos. However, new rock acts continued to emerge and record sales remained high into the 1980s. 1977 saw the début and rise to stardom of Foreigner, who went on to release several platinum albums through to the mid-1980s. Midwestern groups like Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx helped further cement heavy rock in the Midwest as a form of stadium rock. In 1978, Van Halen emerged from the Los Angeles music scene with a sound based around the skills of lead guitarist Eddie Van Halen. He popularised a guitar-playing technique of two-handed hammer-ons and pull-offs called tapping, showcased on the song "Eruption" from the album Van Halen, which was highly influential in re-establishing hard rock as a popular genre after the punk and disco explosion, while also redefining and elevating the role of electric guitar.

Q1: What two genres made inroads on hard rock in the 1970s?
A1: disco in the US and punk rock in the UK
Q2: What punk band's songs rarely exceeded two minutes in length?
A2: The Ramones
Q3: What were three midwestern hard rock bands?
A3: Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx
Q4: What city was Van Halen originally from?
A4: Los Angeles
Q5: Which Van Halen instrumental showcased the guitar mastery of Eddie Van Halen?
A5: "Eruption"
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

With the six consistories, Paul VI continued the internationalization policies started by Pius XII in 1946 and continued by John XXIII. In his 1976 consistory, five of twenty cardinals originated from Africa, one of them a son of a tribal chief with fifty wives. Several prominent Latin Americans like Eduardo Francisco Pironio of Argentina; Luis Aponte Martinez of Puerto Rico and Eugênio de Araújo Sales and Aloisio Lorscheider from Brazil were also elevated by him. There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume. At the same time, the members of the College of Cardinals lost some of their previous influences, after Paul VI decreed, that not only cardinals but also bishops too may participate in committees of the Roman Curia. The age limit of eighty years imposed by the Pope, a numerical increase of Cardinals by almost 100%, and a reform of the regal vestments of the "Princes of the Church" further contributed to a service-oriented perception of Cardinals under his pontificate. The increased number of Cardinals from the Third World and the papal emphasis on related issues was nevertheless welcomed by many in Western Europe.

Q1: How many cardinals were from Africa in 1976?
A1: five
Q2: What country did Cardinal Eduardo Francisco Pironi represent?
A2: Argentina
Q3: What country did Cardinal Araujo Sales represent?
A3: Brazil
Q4: What group's committees did Paul VI declare both bishops and cardinals could participate in?
A4: Roman Curia
Q5: What type of clothing did Paul VI enact reform on?
A5: regal vestments
Title: Emotion
Topic: Natural sciences

With the two-factor theory now incorporating cognition, several theories began to argue that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts were entirely necessary for an emotion to occur. One of the main proponents of this view was Richard Lazarus who argued that emotions must have some cognitive intentionality. The cognitive activity involved in the interpretation of an emotional context may be conscious or unconscious and may or may not take the form of conceptual processing.

Q1: Who argued that emotions arise from cognitive intentionality?
A1: Richard Lazarus
Q2: Along with evaluations and thoughts, what cognitive activity did theorists believe to be required for emotion?
A2: judgments
Q3: In Lazarus' view, what could the cognitive activity be if it was not conscious?
A3: unconscious
Title: Old_English
Topic: Language and literature

With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into the English language; some of them, such as Pope Gregory I's treatise Pastoral Care, appear to have been translated by Alfred himself. In Old English, typical of the development of literature, poetry arose before prose, but King Alfred the Great (871 to 901) chiefly inspired the growth of prose.

Q1: What king unified the Anglo-Saxon realms in England?
A1: Alfred the Great
Q2: What treatise was written by Pope Gregory?
A2: Pastoral Care
Q3: When did Alfred the Great's reign begin?
A3: 871
Q4: In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?
A4: 9th
Q5: What dialect did Alfred's government use?
A5: West Saxon
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban and literary classes became bilingual.

Q1: When were Castille and Aragon united?
A1: 1479
Q2: After 1479, what language became more valued?
A2: Spanish
Q3: When did Catalan literature begin a downward trend?
A3: 16th century
Q4: What language began to supersede Catalan?
A4: Spanish
Q5: At this time what classes became bilingual?
A5: urban and literary
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

With the wealth brought on by the gold rush following closely on the heels of the establishment of Victoria as a separate colony and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.

Q1: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed?
A1: public buildings
Q2: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced?
A2: 1850s and 1860s
Q3: Melbourne's weath was due in part to what event?
A3: gold rush
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro and EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late.

Q1: What are the names of companies producing video games for Apple's MP3 player?
A1: Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft
Q2: What market can Apple participate in now that it has a variety of games available for iPod?
A2: video game handheld console market
Q3: What two publications have covered iPod games?
A3: GamePro and EGM
Title: John_von_Neumann
Topic: Mathematics

With this contribution of von Neumann, the axiomatic system of the theory of sets became fully satisfactory, and the next question was whether or not it was also definitive, and not subject to improvement. A strongly negative answer arrived in September 1930 at the historic mathematical Congress of Königsberg, in which Kurt Gödel announced his first theorem of incompleteness: the usual axiomatic systems are incomplete, in the sense that they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language. This result was sufficiently innovative as to confound the majority of mathematicians of the time.

Q1: In 1930 who gave a strongly negative answer to Von Neuman's approach to the axiomatic system of theory of sets?
A1: Kurt Gödel
Q2: What was the central theme of Godel's announcement that the axiomatic system was not complete?
A2: they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language
Q3: Where was Godel's statement about axiomatic system made in 1930?
A3: Congress of Königsberg
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness and sharp attacks. When this type of audio is compressed, artifacts such as ringing or pre-echo are usually heard. A sample of applause compressed with a relatively low bit rate provides a good example of compression artifacts.

Q1: If the bit rate is too low, what might be audible in the reproduction?
A1: compression artifacts
Q2: Sounds that were not in the original recording are referred to as what?
A2: compression artifacts
Q3: Randomness and sharp attacks are two reasons that may make it harder to to do what to an audio file?
A3: compress
Q4: Other than pre - echo, what is another example of what can happen when audio is compressed?
A4: ringing
Q5: What kind of sample can display a good example of compression artifacts?
A5: A sample of applause
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?" to be "never". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that "caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes." Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, "The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our ﬁnding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population."

Q1: Randomly chosen people from different groups may be more similar to each other than with members of their own what?
A1: cluster
Q2: How many genetic markers need to be used to show people from different groups are dissimilar to each other?
A2: thousands
Q3: Studying increasing number of groups require an increasing number of what?
A3: markers
Q4: What should be used when using ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes?
A4: caution
Q5: People are more frequently similar to members of what populations?
A5: other populations
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each realm can be understood as physical realm or a psychological state characterized by a particular type of suffering. Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction). In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.

Q1: What is samsara?
A1: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
Q2: What is avidya?
A2: ignorance
Q3: What is dukkha?
A3: suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction
Q4: Is liberation from samsara possible?
A4: In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.
Q5: The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism?
A5: Samsara
Q6: How many realms of existence are there in Buddhism?
A6: six
Q7: avidya is what kind of samsara?
A7: ignorance
Q8: How can you be freed from samsara?
A8: by following the Buddhist path
Q9: What is samsara defined as?
A9: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
Q10: How many realms of existance are within the cycle of rebirths?
A10: six
Q11: Realms can be understood as physical realms of what type of states?
A11: psychological
Q12: Samsara is caused by what?
A12: avidya
Q13: A person can get away from samsara by doing what?
A13: following the Buddhist path
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

Within Galicia are the Autopista AP-9 from Ferrol to Vigo and the Autopista AP-53 (also known as AG-53, because it was initially built by the Xunta de Galicia) from Santiago to Ourense. Additional roads under construction include Autovía A-54 from Santiago de Compostela to Lugo, and Autovía A-56 from Lugo to Ourense. The Xunta de Galicia has built roads connecting comarcal capitals, such as the aforementioned AG-53, Autovía AG-55 connecting A Coruña to Carballo or AG-41 connecting Pontevedra to Sanxenxo.

Q1: The Autopista AP-53 was originally built by whom?
A1: Xunta de Galicia
Q2: Name another road they responsible for.
A2: AG-41
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

Within London, both the City of London and the City of Westminster have city status and both the City of London and the remainder of Greater London are counties for the purposes of lieutenancies. The area of Greater London has incorporated areas that were once part of the historic counties of Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, Essex and Hertfordshire. London's status as the capital of England, and later the United Kingdom, has never been granted or confirmed officially—by statute or in written form.[note 6]

Q1: What title regarding London has never been made official in law or by decree?
A1: London's status as the capital of England
Q2: What areas within Greater London have city status?
A2: the City of London and the City of Westminster
Q3: For what reason are the City of London and Greater London considered to be counties?
A3: for the purposes of lieutenancies
Title: Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (literal meaning 'path'; extended meaning 'sect') within Shia Islam. Each Shia tariqah followed its own particular Imam's dynasty, thus resulting in different numbers of Imams for each particular Shia tariqah. When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation.

Q1: Why did different sects come about within Shiism?
A1: they differed over their Imams' successions
Q2: What great separation came to be from a dispute over the succession to Muhammad?
A2: Shia - Sunni
Q3: What is the literal meaning of tariqah?
A3: path
Q4: What does each Shia tariqah follow?
A4: its own particular Imam's dynasty
Q5: What is it called when the last Imam or his unborn successor goes into concealment?
A5: The Occultation
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

Within a few months of John's return, rebel barons in the north and east of England were organising resistance to his rule. John held a council in London in January 1215 to discuss potential reforms and sponsored discussions in Oxford between his agents and the rebels during the spring. John appears to have been playing for time until Pope Innocent III could send letters giving him explicit papal support. This was particularly important for John, as a way of pressuring the barons but also as a way of controlling Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury. In the meantime, John began to recruit fresh mercenary forces from Poitou, although some were later sent back to avoid giving the impression that the king was escalating the conflict. John announced his intent to become a crusader, a move which gave him additional political protection under church law.

Q1: Where did John hold a council in January 1215?
A1: London
Q2: Where did John recruit mercenary forces from?
A2: Poitou
Q3: John announced his intent to become what?
A3: a crusader
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do.

Q1: Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier?
A1: Female
Q2: Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from?
A2: Eastern Fennoscandia
Q3: When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate?
A3: autumn
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order.

Q1: What is partial migration?
A1: not all populations may be migratory
Q2: Where is partial migration most common?
A2: the southern continents
Q3: In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partially migratory?
A3: 44%
Q4: In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory?
A4: 32%
Q5: What is leap frog migration?
A5: birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes
Title: Computer_security
Topic: Engineering and technology

Within computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indirectly allowing restricted file access, an issue known as the confused deputy problem. It has also been shown that the promise of ACLs of giving access to an object to only one person can never be guaranteed in practice. Both of these problems are resolved by capabilities. This does not mean practical flaws exist in all ACL-based systems, but only that the designers of certain utilities must take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws.[citation needed]

Q1: What does ACL stand for?
A1: access control lists
Q2: ACLs and capability based security are two security models capable of what?
A2: enforcing privilege separation
Q3: A host computer tricked into indirectly allowing access to restricted files is known as what?
A3: the confused deputy problem
Q4: The confused deputy problem and the problem of not guaranteeing only one person has access are resolved by what?
A4: capabilities
Q5: What must designers of systems that are ACL based do?
A5: take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws