LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Because interframe compression copies data from one frame to another, if the original frame is simply cut out (or lost in transmission), the following frames cannot be reconstructed properly. Some video formats, such as DV, compress each frame independently using intraframe compression. Making 'cuts' in intraframe-compressed video is almost as easy as editing uncompressed video: one finds the beginning and ending of each frame, and simply copies bit-for-bit each frame that one wants to keep, and discards the frames one doesn't want. Another difference between intraframe and interframe compression is that, with intraframe systems, each frame uses a similar amount of data. In most interframe systems, certain frames (such as "I frames" in MPEG-2) aren't allowed to copy data from other frames, so they require much more data than other frames nearby.

Q1: What copies data from one frame to another?
A1: interframe compression
Q2: What is a type of video format?
A2: DV
Q3: What is almost as easy as editing uncompressed video?
A3: Making 'cuts'
Title: Infection
Topic: Natural sciences

Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "Rational Clinical Examination Series" quantified the importance of increased pain as an indicator of infection. The review showed that the most useful finding is an increase in the level of pain [likelihood ratio (LR) range, 11-20] makes infection much more likely, but the absence of pain (negative likelihood ratio range, 0.64-0.88) does not rule out infection (summary LR 0.64-0.88).

Q1: Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected?
A1: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization
Q2: What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice?
A2: symptoms and signs
Q3: What is increased pain an indicator of?
A3: infection
Q4: What does not rule out infection?
A4: absence of pain
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.

Q1: What was the designation of Nanjing?
A1: the national capital
Q2: What happened around the time that Nanjing was designated as the capital?
A2: many structures were built
Q3: Are any of the structures that were built at that time still around?
A3: some of them still remain
Q4: The structures that still remain are open to whom?
A4: tourists
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Because most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to risky behavior (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex), a great deal of research has been done on the cognitive and emotional processes underlying adolescent risk-taking. In addressing this question, it is important to distinguish whether adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (prevalence), whether they make risk-related decisions similarly or differently than adults (cognitive processing perspective), or whether they use the same processes but value different things and thus arrive at different conclusions. The behavioral decision-making theory proposes that adolescents and adults both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action. However, research has shown that adolescents seem to give more weight to rewards, particularly social rewards, than do adults.

Q1: Most injuries sustained by adolescents are related to what?
A1: risky behavior
Q2: Do adolescents or adults seem to give more weight to rewards?
A2: adolescents
Q3: Do adolescents, adults, or both weight the potential rewards and consequences of an action?
A3: both
Q4: Which theory proposes that adults and adolescents both weigh the potential rewards and consequences of an action?
A4: behavioral decision-making theory
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

Because neither Korea had a significant navy, the Korean War featured few naval battles. A skirmish between North Korea and the UN Command occurred on 2 July 1950; the U.S. Navy cruiser USS Juneau, the Royal Navy cruiser HMS Jamaica, and the frigate HMS Black Swan fought four North Korean torpedo boats and two mortar gunboats, and sank them. USS Juneau later sank several ammunition ships that had been present. The last sea battle of the Korean War occurred at Inchon, days before the Battle of Incheon; the ROK ship PC-703 sank a North Korean mine layer in the Battle of Haeju Island, near Inchon. Three other supply ships were sunk by PC-703 two days later in the Yellow Sea. Thereafter, vessels from the UN nations held undisputed control of the sea about Korea. The gun ships were used in shore bombardment, while the aircraft carriers provided air support to the ground forces.

Q1: Why were naval skirmishes not really seen in the Korean War?
A1: neither Korea had a significant navy
Q2: Who pretty much gained and maintained control of the sea?
A2: the UN nations
Q3: Who dominated any battles that may have taken place at sea?
A3: the UN Command
Q4: Where was the last sea battle of the Korean War?
A4: Inchon
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date. This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.

Q1: What is Oklahoma's record high temperature for Nov 11?
A1: 83 °F
Q2: What is Oklahoma's record low temperature for Nov 11?
A2: 17 °F
Q3: What caused Oklahoma's temperature to plummet 66 degrees on Nov 11, 1911?
A3: an Arctic cold front
Q4: How fast did the 1912 tornado outbreak make tornadoes?
A4: one tornado per hour
Q5: How long did the 1912 tornado outbreak last?
A5: a day
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

Because of a low literacy rate among the public (about 2–3% until the early 19th century and just about 15% at the end of 19th century),[citation needed] ordinary people had to hire scribes as "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis) to be able to communicate with the government. The ethnic groups continued to speak within their families and neighborhoods (mahalles) with their own languages (e.g., Jews, Greeks, Armenians, etc.). In villages where two or more populations lived together, the inhabitants would often speak each other's language. In cosmopolitan cities, people often spoke their family languages; many of those who were not ethnic Turks spoke Turkish as a second language.

Q1: What was the public's literacy rate in leading up to the early 19th century in the empire?
A1: about 2–3%
Q2: At the end of the 19th century what was the literacy rate for the public in the Empire believed to be?
A2: 15%
Q3: What did people resort to when they needed to communicate with the government?
A3: people had to hire scribes
Q4: What were hired scribes known as?
A4: "special request-writers" (arzuhâlcis)
Q5: What was the second language of those that weren't ethnically Turkish?
A5: Turkish
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions, "men, women, and children wept and wailed in the streets" after hearing of his death, according to Nutting. The general Arab reaction was one of mourning, with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab world. Over a dozen people were killed in Beirut as a result of the chaos, and in Jerusalem, roughly 75,000 Arabs marched through the Old City chanting, "Nasser will never die." As a testament to his unchallenged leadership of the Arab people, following his death, the headline of the Lebanese Le Jour read, "One hundred million human beings—the Arabs—are orphans." Sherif Hetata, a former political prisoner and later member Nasser's ASU, said that "Nasser's greatest achievement was his funeral. The world will never again see five million people crying together."

Q1: How many eople died in Breuit because of unrest caused by Nasser's death?
A1: Over a dozen
Q2: How many people marched in Jerusalem?
A2: 75,000
Q3: Who said, "The world will never again see five million people crying together?"
A3: Sherif Hetata
Q4: What did a Lebanese publication call the Arabs following Nasser's death?
A4: orphans
Title: George_VI
Topic: History

Because of his stammer, Albert dreaded public speaking. After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners, he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist. The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently. Subsequently, he was able to speak with less hesitation. With his delivery improved, the Duke opened the new Parliament House in Canberra, Australia, during a tour of the empire in 1927. His journey by sea to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji took him via Jamaica, where Albert played doubles tennis partnered with a black man, which was unusual at the time and taken locally as a display of equality between races.

Q1: Why did Albert fear speaking in public?
A1: his stammer
Q2: Who helped Albert improve in public speaking?
A2: Lionel Logue
Q3: What did Albert play partnered with a black man?
A3: doubles tennis
Q4: What did the Duke open in Australia in 1927? 
A4: Parliament House
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.

Q1: Which congregation is in charge of the Old College at Notre Dame?
A1: Congregation of Holy Cross
Q2: What structure is found on the location of the original church of Father Sorin at Notre Dame?
A2: Basilica of the Sacred Heart
Q3: In which architectural style is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame made?
A3: French Revival
Q4: Which individual painted the inside of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at Notre Dame?
A4: Luigi Gregori
Q5: In what year was the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes at Notre Dame constructed?
A5: 1896
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

Because of its coastal location, the economy of Plymouth has traditionally been maritime, in particular the defence sector with over 12,000 people employed and approximately 7,500 in the armed forces. The Plymouth Gin Distillery has been producing Plymouth Gin since 1793, which was exported around the world by the Royal Navy. During the 1930s, it was the most widely distributed gin and has a controlled term of origin. Since the 1980s, employment in the defence sector has decreased substantially and the public sector is now prominent particularly in administration, health, education, medicine and engineering.

Q1: How many Plymouth residents are employed in defense?
A1: 12,000
Q2: About how many Plymouth residents are serving in the military?
A2: 7,500
Q3: When was Plymouth Gin first distilled?
A3: 1793
Q4: What company produces Plymouth Gin?
A4: Plymouth Gin Distillery
Q5: During what decade was Plymouth Gin the most widely consumed in the world?
A5: the 1930s
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Because of its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty with over-population. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady human emigration to keep the population manageable.[citation needed] Before the American Revolution more than ten thousand Bermudians (over half of the total population through the years) gradually emigrated, primarily to the Southern United States. As Great Britain displaced Spain as the dominant European imperial power, it opened up more land for colonial development. A steady trickle of outward migration continued. With seafaring the only real industry in the early decades, by the end of the 18th century, at least a third of the island's manpower was at sea at any one time.

Q1: What is a major reason that Bermuda has problems with overpopulation?
A1: limited land area,
Q2: What does Bermuda rely on to counteract overpopulation?
A2: steady human emigration
Q3: Where did a large number of Bermudians emigrate to before the American Revolution?
A3: the Southern United States
Q4: Why does a third of the population spend time at sea?
A4: seafaring the only real industry
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built.

Q1: What is the name of the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?
A1: The Belloe House
Q2: In what year was the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City?
A2: 1853
Q3: What are the names of the two avenues at which The Belloe House is located?
A3: Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue
Q4: What are the two geographical features that Atlantic City is located between?
A4: marshlands and islands
Q5: What were the two potential aspects of Atlantic City that originally attracted developers? 
A5: prime real estate and a potential resort town
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

Because of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García.

Q1: What was the only Communist country allowed to have an embassy in Stroessner's Paraguay?
A1: Yugoslavia
Q2: Yugoslavia was the only communist country to have an embassy where?
A2: Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay
Q3: Pinochet ruled what country?
A3: Chile
Q4: Who did Pinochet overthrow?
A4: Allende
Q5: What country did Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia lead?
A5: Guatemala
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Topic: Language and literature

Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the preterite, and partial merging of the second and third conjugations.

Q1: Why is New Mexico always an after thought in American -Spanish speaking society?
A1: Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence
Q2: Is New Mexico's language different than from other Spanish dialect 
A2: , New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish
Q3: How does New Mexico's Spanish dialect differ?
A3: has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.
Q4: Does New Mexico's language also include other dialect?
A4: New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos)
Q5: Does New Mexico also use language from the  American language when spoken in Spanish?
A5: borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

Because of its simple atomic structure, consisting only of a proton and an electron, the hydrogen atom, together with the spectrum of light produced from it or absorbed by it, has been central to the development of the theory of atomic structure. Furthermore, the corresponding simplicity of the hydrogen molecule and the corresponding cation H+
2 allowed fuller understanding of the nature of the chemical bond, which followed shortly after the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom had been developed in the mid-1920s.

Q1: What is the hydrogen atom made up of?
A1: a proton and an electron
Q2: What theory is the hydrogen atom a big part of?
A2: atomic structure
Q3: When was the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom developed?
A3: 1920s
Title: Russian_language
Topic: Language and literature

Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding, which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. Free programs leveraging this Unicode extension are available which allow users to type Russian characters, even on Western 'QWERTY' keyboards.

Q1: What is 'moroz' a transliteration of?
A1: мороз
Q2: What is 'mysh' a transliteration of?
A2: мышь
Q3: What font technology has reduced the need for transliteration?
A3: Unicode character encoding,
Q4: What does 'moroz' mean?
A4: frost
Q5: What does 'mysh' mean?
A5: mouse
Title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration
Topic: History

Because of space constraints, NARA opened a second facility, known informally as Archives II, in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Largely because of this proximity, NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives. The College Park campus includes an archaeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Q1: What is the second facility of NARA named?
A1: Archives II
Q2: When was Archives II opened?
A2: 1994
Q3: What college is Archives II closest to?
A3: University of Maryland
Q4: What college does NARA have cooperatives initiatives with?
A4: University of Maryland
Q5: What campus of University of Maryland is listed on the National Register of Historic Places?
A5: College Park campus
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

Because of the above issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9% and 69.7% respectively); the opposition formerly All Nigeria People's Party now All Progressives Congress has 96 House seats and 27 in the Senate (26.6% and 24.7%). About twenty minor opposition parties are registered.

Q1: How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the House?
A1: 223
Q2: How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the Senate?
A2: 76
Q3: How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the House?
A3: 96
Q4: How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the Senate?
A4: 27
Q5: How many minor opposition parties does Nigeria have?
A5: About twenty
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Brazilians said they were black, compared with 6.2% in 2000, and 43.1% said they were racially mixed, up from 38.5%. In 2010, Elio Ferreira de Araujo, Brazil's minister for racial equality, attributed the increases to growing pride among his country's black and indigenous communities.

Q1: What has Brazil avoided?
A1: the binary polarization of society into black and white
Q2: What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended?
A2: civil war
Q3: How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended?
A3: violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.
Q4: Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality? 
A4: Elio Ferreira de Araujo
Q5: Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities?
A5: black and indigenous communities.
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

Because of the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground. The city is also home to several art museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts and the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. The Institute of Contemporary Art is housed in a contemporary building designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in the Seaport District. The University of Massachusetts Boston campus on Columbia Point houses the John F. Kennedy Library. The Boston Athenaeum (one of the oldest independent libraries in the United States), Boston Children's Museum, Bull & Finch Pub (whose building is known from the television show Cheers), Museum of Science, and the New England Aquarium are within the city.

Q1: What is preserved in the Boston national Historical Park?
A1: several historic sites
Q2: What is marked by a line of red bricks in the ground?
A2: the Freedom Trail
Q3: Where is the institute of contemporary Art located?
A3: in the Seaport District
Q4: What is one of the oldest libraries in the US?
A4: The Boston Athenaeum
Q5: Where is the New England Aquarium located?
A5: within the city
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

Because of the difficulty of moving crude bitumen through pipelines, non-upgraded bitumen is usually diluted with natural-gas condensate in a form called dilbit or with synthetic crude oil, called synbit. However, to meet international competition, much non-upgraded bitumen is now sold as a blend of multiple grades of bitumen, conventional crude oil, synthetic crude oil, and condensate in a standardized benchmark product such as Western Canadian Select. This sour, heavy crude oil blend is designed to have uniform refining characteristics to compete with internationally marketed heavy oils such as Mexican Mayan or Arabian Dubai Crude.

Q1: What is done to crude bitumen to promote its movement through pipelines?
A1: diluted
Q2: What is the natural gas condensate used to dilute bitumen?
A2: dilbit
Q3: What is the synthetic crude additive to bitumen called?
A3: synbit
Q4: What is the usually sold standard blend of bitumen and oils named?
A4: Western Canadian Select
Q5: In what uniform use was Western Canadian Select meant to excel?
A5: refining
Title: Neptune
Topic: Natural sciences

Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics (AO). The first scientifically useful observation of Neptune from ground-based telescopes using adaptive optics, was commenced in 1997 from Hawaii. Neptune is currently entering its spring and summer season and has been shown to be heating up, with increased atmospheric activity and brightness as a consequence. Combined with technological advancements, ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics are recording increasingly more detailed images of this Outer Planet. Both the HST and AO telescopes on Earth has made many new discoveries within the Solar System since the mid-1990s, with a large increase in the number of known satellites and moons around the Outer Planets for example. In 2004 and 2005, five new small satellites of Neptune with diameters between 38 and 61 kilometres were discovered.

Q1: What is Neptune's angular diameter range?
A1: 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds
Q2: The advent of what telescope made it easier to study Neptune?
A2: Hubble Space Telescope
Q3: When was the first useful observation of Neptune from the ground?
A3: 1997
Q4: What seasons are Neptune currently entering?
A4: spring and summer
Q5: What was discovered around Neptune in 2004 and 2005?
A5: five new small satellites
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

Because of the general instability of the federal government during 1828, the installation of the new legislature did not take place until the middle of the following year. It was quickly dissolved by Governor Santiago de Baca Ortiz, who replaced it with a more pronounced Yorkino type. When Guerrero's liberal administration was overthrown in December, Gaspar de Ochoa aligned with Anastasio Bustamante, and in February 1830, organized an opposition group that arrested the new governor, F. Elorriaga, along with other prominent Yorkinos. He then summoned the legislature, which had been dissolved by Baca. The civil and military authorities were now headed by J. A. Pescador and Simón Ochoa.

Q1: During which year was the federal government unstable?
A1: 1828
Q2: Who dissolved the government eventually?
A2: Governor Santiago de Baca Ortiz
Q3: With which type of government did Ortiz replace the old one?
A3: Yorkino
Q4: Which new governor was arrested by Ochoa and Bustamente?
A4: F. Elorriaga
Q5: Who now headed the civil and military authorities?
A5: J. A. Pescador and Simón Ochoa
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget was decreased for 2008 by EEK 6.1 billion and the expenditure by EEK 3.2 billion. In 2010, the economic situation stabilized and started a growth based on strong exports. In the fourth quarter of 2010, Estonian industrial output increased by 23% compared to the year before. The country has been experiencing economic growth ever since.

Q1: When did the global economic recession start?
A1: 2007
Q2: What trend led to the decrease of Estonia's GDP?
A2: global economic recession
Q3: Who approved the supplementary negative budget drafted by the Estonian government?
A3: Riigikogu
Q4: What year did Estonia start their economic rise based on strong exports?
A4: 2010
Title: Animal
Topic: Natural sciences

Because of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have long been the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms, and were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced. This was facilitated by the severely reduced state of their genomes, but as many genes, introns, and linkages lost, these ecdysozoans can teach us little about the origins of animals in general. The extent of this type of evolution within the superphylum will be revealed by the crustacean, annelid, and molluscan genome projects currently in progress. Analysis of the starlet sea anemone genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates, also being sequenced, in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa.

Q1: Why is it more economical for scientists to study a small number of species?
A1: the great diversity found in animals
Q2: Which organisms were among the first life-forms to be genetically sequenced?
A2: fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Q3: Why are  the fruit fly and the nematode the most intensively studied metazoan model organisms?
A3: they are easy to keep and breed
Q4: Analysis of what genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates  in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa?
A4: starlet sea anemone
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

Because of the low elevation, the islands that make up this nation are vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones and by the threat of current and future sea level rise. The highest elevation is 4.6 metres (15 ft) above sea level on Niulakita, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest maximum elevation of any country (after the Maldives). The highest elevations are typically in narrow storm dunes on the ocean side of the islands which are prone to overtopping in tropical cyclones, as occurred with Cyclone Bebe, which was a very early-season storm that passed through the Tuvaluan atolls in October 1972. Cyclone Bebe submerged Funafuti, eliminating 90% of structures on the island. Sources of drinking water were contaminated as a result of the system's storm surge and the flooding of the sources of fresh water.

Q1: What geological situation makes Tuvalu prone to storm damage?
A1: low elevation
Q2: To what climate change condition does Tuvalu's low elevation make it susceptible?
A2: sea level rise
Q3: What is the highest elevation on Tuvalu?
A3: 4.6 metres
Q4: Where on Tuvalu is the highest elevation?
A4: Niulakita
Q5: Where does Tuvalu rank among other countries as to lowest elevation?
A5: second-lowest
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

Because of the magnitude of the quake, and the media attention on China, foreign nations and organizations immediately responded to the disaster by offering condolences and assistance. On May 14, UNICEF reported that China formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families.

Q1: What did UNICEF report?
A1: that China formally requested the support of the international community
Q2: What did foreign nations offer China because of the severity of the quake?
A2: condolences and assistance
Q3: When did China formally ask for help from the international community?
A3: May 14
Q4: What organization reported that China asked for help?
A4: UNICEF
Q5: Why did the world community notice the need for help?
A5: magnitude of the quake
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

Because of the sudden loss of the New Orleans franchise, the league announced in October that the beginning of the free agency period would be delayed in order to accommodate a dispersal draft. Dates were eventually announced as December 2 for the dispersal draft and December 4 for free agency, but shortly before the draft the league issued a press release announcing the draft had been postponed one day to December 3. Shortly thereafter, another press release announced that the draft would be held on December 9 and free agency would commence on December 11. However, the draft still never took place, and instead another press release was issued stating that both the draft and free agency had been postponed indefinitely. Rumors began circulating that the league was in trouble and on the verge of folding, but owners denied those claims. It was soon revealed the players' union had agreed to cut the salary cap for the 2009 season to prevent a total cessation of operations. However, the announced Platinum Equity investment never materialized.

Q1: On what date was the dispersal draft first scheduled to occur?
A1: December 2
Q2: To what date was the dispersal draft first delayed?
A2: December 3
Q3: After the second delay, when was the dispersal draft schedule to occur?
A3: December 9
Q4: When was free agency first scheduled to begin?
A4: December 4
Q5: When was free agency scheduled to begin after the delay?
A5: December 11
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations that had Slavic origins. Pan-Slavism became compromised when the Russian Empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests in Central Europe as well as subjugation of other ethnic groups of Slavic origins such as Poles and Ukrainians, and the ideology became associated with Russian imperialism. The common Slavic experience of communism combined with the repeated usage of the ideology by Soviet propaganda after World War II within the Eastern bloc (Warsaw Pact) was a forced high-level political and economic hegemony of the USSR dominated by Russians. A notable political union of the 20th century that covered most South Slavs was Yugoslavia, but it ultimately broke apart in the 1990s along with the Soviet Union.

Q1: When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement?
A1: In the 19th century
Q2: Pan-Slavism became compromised when what empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests?
A2: Russian Empire
Q3: The Russian Empire used what as justification for its territorial conquests?
A3: Pan-Slavism
Q4: What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs?
A4: Yugoslavia
Q5: When did Yugoslavia break apart?
A5: 1990s
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Because of their ability to quickly grow and the relative ease with which they can be manipulated, bacteria are the workhorses for the fields of molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry. By making mutations in bacterial DNA and examining the resulting phenotypes, scientists can determine the function of genes, enzymes and metabolic pathways in bacteria, then apply this knowledge to more complex organisms. This aim of understanding the biochemistry of a cell reaches its most complex expression in the synthesis of huge amounts of enzyme kinetic and gene expression data into mathematical models of entire organisms. This is achievable in some well-studied bacteria, with models of Escherichia coli metabolism now being produced and tested. This understanding of bacterial metabolism and genetics allows the use of biotechnology to bioengineer bacteria for the production of therapeutic proteins, such as insulin, growth factors, or antibodies.

Q1: What sciences use bacteria?
A1: molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters. The use in brakes improves safety, due to a great reduction in the time needed to light fully, or faster rise time, up to 0.5 second faster[citation needed] than an incandescent bulb. This gives drivers behind more time to react. In a dual intensity circuit (rear markers and brakes) if the LEDs are not pulsed at a fast enough frequency, they can create a phantom array, where ghost images of the LED will appear if the eyes quickly scan across the array. White LED headlamps are starting to be used. Using LEDs has styling advantages because LEDs can form much thinner lights than incandescent lamps with parabolic reflectors.

Q1: Why are LED lights sought after for various applications?
A1: their long life
Q2: Because of their high output, LED lights are very useful where?
A2: brake lights for cars
Q3: LED brake lights are how many times faster than incandescent ones?
A3: 0.5 second
Q4: What color LEDs are now starting to be used more?
A4: White
Q5: What types of light can LEDs form better than incandescent?
A5: thinner
Title: CBC_Television
Topic: History

Because rebroadcast transmitters were not planned to be converted to digital, many markets stood to lose over-the-air coverage from CBC or Radio-Canada, or both. As a result, only seven of the markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline were planned to have both CBC and Radio-Canada in digital, and 13 other markets were planned to have either CBC or Radio-Canada in digital. In mid-August 2011, the CRTC granted the CBC an extension, until August 31, 2012, to continue operating its analogue transmitters in markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline. This CRTC decision prevented many markets subject to the transition deadline from losing signals for CBC or Radio-Canada, or both at the transition deadline. At the transition deadline, Barrie, Ontario lost both CBC and Radio-Canada signals as the CBC did not request that the CRTC allow these transmitters to continue operating.

Q1: When was CBC's anologue upgrade extension set to expire?
A1: August 31, 2012
Q2: At the deadline, which area lost broadcast entirely?
A2: Barrie, Ontario
Q3: Did Barrie, Ontario lose signal for CBC, Radio-Canada, or both?
A3: both
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction. In 1976, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault argued in The History of Sexuality that homosexuality as an identity did not exist in the eighteenth century; that people instead spoke of "sodomy," which referred to sexual acts. Sodomy was a crime that was often ignored, but sometimes punished severely (see sodomy law). He wrote, "'Sexuality' is an invention of the modern state, the industrial revolution, and capitalism."

Q1: Why do researches in homosexual studies argued that it is a social and historical constuction?
A1: Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional
Q2: Which philosopher argued homosexuality did not exist as an idenity in the eighteenth century?
A2: Michel Foucault
Q3: In what year did Michel Foucalt publish The History Of Sexuality?
A3: 1976
Q4: What did he state was an invention of the modern state?
A4: 'Sexuality
Q5: What was a crime in the eighteenth century that could cause severe punishment but was mostly ignored?
A5: Sodomy
Title: Quran
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Because the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Quran. Commentators erudite in Arabic explained the allusions, and perhaps most importantly, explained which Quranic verses had been revealed early in Muhammad's prophetic career, as being appropriate to the very earliest Muslim community, and which had been revealed later, canceling out or "abrogating" (nāsikh) the earlier text (mansūkh). Other scholars, however, maintain that no abrogation has taken place in the Quran. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has published a ten-volume Urdu commentary on the Quran, with the name Tafseer e Kabir.

Q1: In which language is the Quran recited?
A1: classical Arabic
Q2: What is the Arabic term for the cancellation of one part of the Quran by another?
A2: nāsikh
Q3: What is the name of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community's published Quran commentary?
A3: Tafseer e Kabir
Q4: In which language is the Tafseer e Kabir written?
A4: Urdu
Q5: What is the term for earlier portions of the Quran that may have been superseded by later parts?
A5: mansūkh
Title: War_on_Terror
Topic: History

Because the actions involved in the "war on terrorism" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse." Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage". Administration officials also described "terrorists" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, parasitical, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil. Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights.

Q1: Who said the 'war on terrorism' is 'an entire language of discourse'?
A1: Richard Jackson
Q2: Who said that 9/11 drew a line between 'the civil and the savage'?
A2: John Ashcroft
Q3: What did the Bush administration describe as parasitical?
A3: terrorists
Q4: What did the Bush administration describe as heroic?
A4: Americans
Title: East_Prussia
Topic: History

Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was connected by land with the rest of the Prussian state and was reorganized as a province the following year (1773). Between 1829 and 1878, the Province of East Prussia was joined with West Prussia to form the Province of Prussia.

Q1: Why were the prince electors able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia?
A1: Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire
Q2: In what year were the prince electors elect them selves as King?
A2: 1701
Q3: What time period did East Prussia and West Prussia join to become Prussia?
A3: Prussia
Title: Transistor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor. GaAs has the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors. It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applications. A relatively recent FET development, the high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), has a heterostructure (junction between different semiconductor materials) of aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)-gallium arsenide (GaAs) which has twice the electron mobility of a GaAs-metal barrier junction. Because of their high speed and low noise, HEMTs are used in satellite receivers working at frequencies around 12 GHz. HEMTs based on gallium nitride and aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN HEMTs) provide a still higher electron mobility and are being developed for various applications.

Q1: What is quicker, a bipolar n-p-n transistor or a p-n-p transistor?
A1: a given bipolar n–p–n transistor
Q2: What semiconductor has the highest electron mobility?
A2: GaAs
Q3: What is the common application of GaAs?
A3: high-frequency applications
Q4: What does HEMT stand for?
A4: high-electron-mobility transistor
Q5: What are common applications of HEMT?
A5: satellite receivers
Title: Dominican_Order
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Because the nuns of the order did not preach among the people, the need to engage in study was not as immediate or intense as it was for men. They did participate, however, in a number of intellectual activities. Along with sewing and embroidery, nuns often engaged in reading and discussing correspondence from Church leaders. In the Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret, some of the nuns could converse fluently in Latin. Learning still had an elevated place in the lives of these religious. In fact, Margarette Reglerin, a daughter of a wealthy Nuremberg family, was dismissed from a convent because she did not have the ability or will to learn.

Q1: What did the nuns not do in the Dominican Order?
A1: preach among the people
Q2: What was one of the activities the nuns enjoyed?
A2: embroidery
Q3: Who was expelled from a nunnery for not wanting to learn?
A3: Margarette Reglerin
Q4: Where was Margarette Reglerin from?
A4: Nuremberg
Q5: What monastery did the nuns belong to who could speak Latin fluently?
A5: Strassburg monastery of St. Margaret
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Because the rotor is much lighter in weight (mass) than a conventional rotor formed from copper windings on steel laminations, the rotor can accelerate much more rapidly, often achieving a mechanical time constant under one ms. This is especially true if the windings use aluminum rather than the heavier copper. But because there is no metal mass in the rotor to act as a heat sink, even small coreless motors must often be cooled by forced air. Overheating might be an issue for coreless DC motor designs.

Q1: What is a likely problem of coreless DC motors?
A1: Overheating
Q2: How does a coreless rotor compare to traditional rotors in terms of weight?
A2: lighter
Q3: What advantage does a coreless rotor have over traditional variants?
A3: accelerate much more rapidly
Q4: How is a coreless motor cooled?
A4: forced air
Q5: The lack of a metal mass in the core causes what function to be absent?
A5: heat sink
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

Because the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or after the vernal equinox, which they placed on 21 March. However, the Church of Rome still regarded 25 March as the equinox (until 342) and used a different cycle to compute the day of the moon. In the Alexandrian system, since the 14th day of the Easter moon could fall at earliest on 21 March its first day could fall no earlier than 8 March and no later than 5 April. This meant that Easter varied between 22 March and 25 April. In Rome, Easter was not allowed to fall later than 21 April, that being the day of the Parilia or birthday of Rome and a pagan festival.The first day of the Easter moon could fall no earlier than 5 March and no later than 2 April.

Q1: Who thought that the seasonal drift in the date of Easter unacceptable?
A1: Roman Catholic Church
Q2: What even is tired to the date for Easter?
A2: spring equinox
Q3: What did the Church of Alexandria use to calculate the date of Easter?
A3: Metonic cycle
Q4: Where did the Church of Alexandria place the vernal equinox?
A4: 21 March
Q5: Until 342 when did the Church of Rome think the vernal equinox fell?
A5: 25 March