LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

In some languages, including old Chinese, Thai, old Japanese, and Vietnamese, the same word can mean either blue or green. The Chinese character 青 (pronounced qīng in Mandarin, ao in Japanese, and thanh in Sino-Vietnamese) has a meaning that covers both blue and green; blue and green are traditionally considered shades of "青". In more contemporary terms, they are 藍 (lán, in Mandarin) and 綠 (lǜ, in Mandarin) respectively. Japanese also has two terms that refer specifically to the color green, 緑 (midori, which is derived from the classical Japanese descriptive verb midoru "to be in leaf, to flourish" in reference to trees) and グリーン (guriin, which is derived from the English word "green"). However, in Japan, although the traffic lights have the same colors that other countries have, the green light is described using the same word as for blue, "aoi", because green is considered a shade of aoi; similarly, green variants of certain fruits and vegetables such as green apples, green shiso (as opposed to red apples and red shiso) will be described with the word "aoi". Vietnamese uses a single word for both blue and green, xanh, with variants such as xanh da trời (azure, lit. "sky blue"), lam (blue), and lục (green; also xanh lá cây, lit. "leaf green").

Q1: How many terms does Japanese have for the color green?
A1: two
Q2: What is the Vietnamese word for both blue and green?
A2: xanh
Q3: What are the colors of traffic lights in Japan?
A3: the same colors that other countries have
Title: Aspirated_consonant
Topic: Language and literature

In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Q1: Aspiration is what, in English and some other languages?
A1: allophonic
Q2: How are stops distinguished?
A2: voicing
Q3: Voiceless stops are at times what?
A3: aspirated
Q4: Voiced stops are most often what?
A4: unaspirated
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In some modern day nations and regions in which Sharia law is ostensibly practiced, heresy remains an offense punishable by death. One example is the 1989 fatwa issued by the government of Iran, offering a substantial bounty for anyone who succeeds in the assassination of author Salman Rushdie, whose writings were declared as heretical.

Q1: What type of law is still in practice in which heresy results in execution?
A1: Sharia law
Q2: What author was declared a heretic and had a bounty placed on his head by the government of Iran?
A2: Salman Rushdie
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other.

Q1: In what two rare cases were local governments able to mitigate the impact of of European colonization through treaties?
A1: Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China
Q2: What did Ethiopians learn in order to use treaties to prevent a European power from overstepping their agreement?
A2: the intricacies of European diplomatic customs
Q3: Both Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China learned the intricacies of European diplomatic customs to mitigate what through treaties?
A3: the impact of European colonization
Q4: In addition to preventing a power from overstepping their agreement, how was Ethiopia able to mitigate the impact of European colonization?
A4: by playing different powers against each other
Q5: Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China were both able to prevent European powers from doing what to their agreements?
A5: overstepping
Title: Clothing
Topic: Natural sciences

In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or status. In ancient Rome, for example, only senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple. In traditional Hawaiian society, only high-ranking chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa, or carved whale teeth. Under the Travancore Kingdom of Kerala, (India), lower caste women had to pay a tax for the right to cover their upper body. In China, before establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow. History provides many examples of elaborate sumptuary laws that regulated what people could wear. In societies without such laws, which includes most modern societies, social status is instead signaled by the purchase of rare or luxury items that are limited by cost to those with wealth or status. In addition, peer pressure influences clothing choice.

Q1: Who was allowed to wear gamrents dyed with Tyrian purple in ancient Rome?
A1: senators
Q2: Who was allowed to wear feather cloaks and palaoa in old school Hawaiian society?
A2: high-ranking chiefs
Q3: What right were lower caste women required to pay a tax to acquire?
A3: the right to cover their upper body
Q4: What country once only allowed their emperor to wear yellow?
A4: China
Q5: What can peer pressure influence?
A5: clothing choice
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

In some species, both parents care for nestlings and fledglings; in others, such care is the responsibility of only one sex. In some species, other members of the same species—usually close relatives of the breeding pair, such as offspring from previous broods—will help with the raising of the young. Such alloparenting is particularly common among the Corvida, which includes such birds as the true crows, Australian magpie and fairy-wrens, but has been observed in species as different as the rifleman and red kite. Among most groups of animals, male parental care is rare. In birds, however, it is quite common—more so than in any other vertebrate class. Though territory and nest site defence, incubation, and chick feeding are often shared tasks, there is sometimes a division of labour in which one mate undertakes all or most of a particular duty.

Q1: Alloparenting is particulary common with what species?
A1: Corvida
Q2: True crows belong to what group?
A2: Corvida
Q3: What is more common in birds than any other vertebrate class?
A3: male parental care
Title: Professional_wrestling
Topic: Sports and recreation

In some team matches, only one entrant from each team may be designated as the "legal" or "active" wrestler at any given moment. Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status. This is known as a "tag", with the participants "tagging out" and "tagging in". Typically the wrestler who is tagging out has a 5-second count to leave the ring, whereas the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.

Q1: What does a "tag" entail?
A1: Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status.
Q2: What are two things that can be done with tagging?
A2: "tagging out" and "tagging in".
Q3: How long does a wrestler have to leave the ring once they are tagged out?
A3: has a 5-second count to leave the ring
Q4: How much time does a wrestler have once they tag in? 
A4: the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

In some ways similar to the laser turntable is the IRENE scanning machine for disc records, which images with microphotography in two dimensions, invented by a team of physicists at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories. IRENE will retrieve the information from a laterally modulated monaural grooved sound source without touching the medium itself, but cannot read vertically modulated information. This excludes grooved recordings such as cylinders and some radio transcriptions that feature a hill-and-dale format of recording, and stereophonic or quadraphonic grooved recordings, which utilize a combination of the two as well as supersonic encoding for quadraphonic.

Q1: Who is Irene?
A1: scanning machine for disc records
Q2: Where was IRENE developed?
A2: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories
Q3: What is the primary use of IRENE?
A3: retrieve the information
Q4: Can IRENE read vertically modulated information?
A4: cannot read vertically modulated information
Q5: Does IRENE require the  ability to touch the media?
A5: without touching the medium
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

In southeast Asian colonies, such as Hong Kong, child labour such as the Mui Tsai (妹仔), was rationalised as a cultural tradition and ignored by British authorities. The Dutch East India Company officials rationalised their child labour abuses with, "it is a way to save these children from a worse fate." Christian mission schools in regions stretching from Zambia to Nigeria too required work from children, and in exchange provided religious education, not secular education. Elsewhere, the Canadian Dominion Statutes in form of so-called Breaches of Contract Act, stipulated jail terms for uncooperative child workers.

Q1: Where did the British turn a blind eye to child labour?
A1: Hong Kong
Q2: What schools required child labour?
A2: Christian mission schools
Q3: Did the child workers receive anything from the christian mission schools?
A3: provided religious education
Q4: What did the Canadians do to children that did not wish to work?
A4: stipulated jail terms
Title: Neolithic
Topic: History

In southeast Europe agrarian societies first appeared in the 7th millennium BC, attested by one of the earliest farming sites of Europe, discovered in Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania and dating back to 6,500 BC. Anthropomorphic figurines have been found in the Balkans from 6000 BC, and in Central Europe by c. 5800 BC (La Hoguette). Among the earliest cultural complexes of this area are the Sesklo culture in Thessaly, which later expanded in the Balkans giving rise to Starčevo-Körös (Cris), Linearbandkeramik, and Vinča. Through a combination of cultural diffusion and migration of peoples, the Neolithic traditions spread west and northwards to reach northwestern Europe by around 4500 BC. The Vinča culture may have created the earliest system of writing, the Vinča signs, though archaeologist Shan Winn believes they most likely represented pictograms and ideograms rather than a truly developed form of writing. The Cucuteni-Trypillian culture built enormous settlements in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine from 5300 to 2300 BC. The megalithic temple complexes of Ġgantija on the Mediterranean island of Gozo (in the Maltese archipelago) and of Mnajdra (Malta) are notable for their gigantic Neolithic structures, the oldest of which date back to c. 3600 BC. The Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni, Paola, Malta, is a subterranean structure excavated c. 2500 BC; originally a sanctuary, it became a necropolis, the only prehistoric underground temple in the world, and showing a degree of artistry in stone sculpture unique in prehistory to the Maltese islands. After 2500 BC, the Maltese Islands were depopulated for several decades until the arrival of a new influx of Bronze Age immigrants, a culture that cremated its dead and introduced smaller megalithic structures called dolmens to Malta. In most cases there are small chambers here, with the cover made of a large slab placed on upright stones. They are claimed to belong to a population certainly different from that which built the previous megalithic temples. It is presumed the population arrived from Sicily because of the similarity of Maltese dolmens to some small constructions found in the largest island of the Mediterranean sea.

Q1: When did agrarian societies start to arise in Southeast Europe?
A1: 7th millennium BC
Q2: Where was one of earliest farming sites in Europe found?
A2: Vashtëmi, southeastern Albania
Q3: What type of sculptures were found in the Balkans from 6000 BC?
A3: Anthropomorphic figurines
Q4: What trend led to Neolithic traditions spreading to northwestern Europe by around 4500 BC? 
A4: cultural diffusion and migration of peoples
Q5: Who possibly created the earliest system of writing?
A5: The Vinča culture
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege of Malta had recently set about eroding. The battle was far more damaging to the Ottoman navy in sapping experienced manpower than the loss of ships, which were rapidly replaced. The Ottoman navy recovered quickly, persuading Venice to sign a peace treaty in 1573, allowing the Ottomans to expand and consolidate their position in North Africa.

Q1: Which Spaniard led a battle in 1571?
A1: Philip II
Q2: What battle did the Spanish win in 1571?
A2: Battle of Lepanto
Q3: What siege occurred in 1565?
A3: Siege of Malta
Q4: In what year did Venice sign a peace treaty with the Ottomans?
A4: 1573
Q5: After signing a peace treaty with Venice, in what region did the Ottoman empire expand?
A5: North Africa
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

In species which show a distinct difference between heartwood and sapwood the natural color of heartwood is usually darker than that of the sapwood, and very frequently the contrast is conspicuous (see section of yew log above). This is produced by deposits in the heartwood of chemical substances, so that a dramatic color difference does not mean a dramatic difference in the mechanical properties of heartwood and sapwood, although there may be a dramatic chemical difference.

Q1: When trees have a visible difference in color between sapwood and heartwood, which is darker?
A1: heartwood
Q2: What is deposited naturally in heartwood that changes its color?
A2: chemical substances
Q3: Is the color difference between heartwood and sapwood usually very subtle or conspicuous?
A3: conspicuous
Q4: What type of properties of heartwood and sapwood is often the same even if their colors are very different?
A4: mechanical
Q5: Although heartwood and sapwood might be similar mechanically, if their colors are very different, what other type of difference would they have?
A5: chemical
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

In spite of their flaws, such as the lack of portability, records still have enthusiastic supporters. Vinyl records continue to be manufactured and sold today, especially by independent rock bands and labels, although record sales are considered to be a niche market composed of audiophiles, collectors, and DJs. Old records and out-of-print recordings in particular are in much demand by collectors the world over. (See Record collecting.) Many popular new albums are given releases on vinyl records and older albums are also given reissues, sometimes on audiophile-grade vinyl.

Q1: Are records generally out of print as of date?
A1: Vinyl records continue to be manufactured and sold today
Q2: Are albums ever reproduced?
A2: Many popular new albums are given releases
Q3: What types of vinyl hold the most popularity?
A3: Old records and out-of-print recordings
Q4: Does vinyl record maintain any popularity?
A4: records still have enthusiastic supporters
Title: Crimean_War
Topic: History

In spring 1855, the allied British-French commanders decided to send an Anglo-French naval squadron into the Azov Sea to undermine Russian communications and supplies to besieged Sevastopol. On 12 May 1855, British-French warships entered the Kerch Strait and destroyed the coast battery of the Kamishevaya Bay. On 21 May 1855, the gunboats and armed steamers attacked the seaport of Taganrog, the most important hub near Rostov on Don. The vast amounts of food, especially bread, wheat, barley, and rye that were amassed in the city after the outbreak of war were prevented from being exported.

Q1: What did the British-French commanders send to disrupt Russian communications and supplies?
A1: Anglo-French naval squadron
Q2: What sea was the Anglo-French naval squadron sent to?
A2: Azov Sea
Q3: Where did British-French warships enter on May 12th 1855?
A3: the Kerch Strait
Q4: What seaport did the British-French attack with steamers and gunboats?
A4: the seaport of Taganrog
Q5: The seaport of Taganrog is near what port city?
A5: Rostov on Don
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up with banners and slogans despite an official ban. On August 15, 1987, former political prisoners formed the MRP-AEG group (Estonians for the Public Disclosure of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which was headed by Tiit Madisson. In September 1987, the Edasi newspaper published a proposal by Edgar Savisaar, Siim Kallas, Tiit Made, and Mikk Titma calling for Estonia's transition to autonomy. Initially geared toward economic independence, then toward a certain amount of political autonomy, the project, Isemajandav Eesti ("A Self-Managing Estonia") became known according to its Estonian acronym, IME, which means "miracle". On October 21, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia. For the first time in years, the blue, black, and white national tricolor was publicly displayed.

Q1: What was being protested in Estonia?
A1: new phosphate mines
Q2: When did the phosphate mine protests begin?
A2: spring 1987
Q3: What group was started by ex-political prisoners?
A3: MRP-AEG group
Q4: Who was in charge of the MRP-AEG group?
A4: Tiit Madisson
Q5: What was requested for Estonia in the proposal printed by the Edasi newspaper in 1987?
A5: autonomy
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Major pubertal and biological changes include changes to the sex organs, height, weight, and muscle mass, as well as major changes in brain structure and organization. Cognitive advances encompass both increases in knowledge and in the ability to think abstractly and to reason more effectively. The study of adolescent development often involves interdisciplinary collaborations. For example, researchers in neuroscience or bio-behavioral health might focus on pubertal changes in brain structure and its effects on cognition or social relations. Sociologists interested in adolescence might focus on the acquisition of social roles (e.g., worker or romantic partner) and how this varies across cultures or social conditions. Developmental psychologists might focus on changes in relations with parents and peers as a function of school structure and pubertal status.

Q1: How is adolescence defined biologically?
A1: the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth
Q2: How is adolescence defined cognitively?
A2: changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally
Q3: Changes to sex organs, height, weight, and muscle mass are examples of which type of change?
A3: biological
Q4: Increases in knowledge and the ability to think abstractly are examples of which kind of change?
A4: Cognitive
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

In styles that owe as much to videogame pixel art and popculture as to traditional mosaic, street art has seen a novel reinvention and expansion of mosaic artwork. The most prominent artist working with mosaics in street art is the French Invader. He has done almost all his work in two very distinct mosaic styles, the first of which are small "traditional" tile mosaics of 8 bit video game character, installed in cities across the globe, and the second of which are a style he refers to as "Rubikcubism", which uses a kind of dual layer mosaic via grids of scrambled Rubik's Cubes. Although he is the most prominent, other street and urban artists do work in Mosaic styles as well.

Q1: What has recently seen an expansion of mosaic artwork?
A1: street art
Q2: Who is the most famous street artist who works with mosaics?
A2: the French Invader
Q3: The French invader coined his own style of mosaic named what?
A3: Rubikcubism
Q4: What does the French Invader usually create with the traditional style of mosaic?
A4: 8 bit video game character
Q5: How does the French Invader create "Rubikcubism" styled mosaics?
A5: grids of scrambled Rubik's Cubes
Title: Queen_(band)
Topic: Music

In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at Wembley, released on CD and as a live concert DVD, which has gone five times platinum in the US and four times platinum in the UK. Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park. The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury. Queen began the tour at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden, and during the tour the band performed a concert at Slane Castle, Ireland, in front of an audience of 95,000, which broke the venue's attendance record. The band also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 at the Népstadion in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. More than one million people saw Queen on the tour—400,000 in the United Kingdom alone, a record at the time.

Q1: Queen's final tour with Freddie Mercury was in what year?
A1: 1986
Q2: What was the name of Queen's final tour with Freddie Mercury?
A2: A Kind of Magic
Q3: How many fans saw Queen in Knebworth park?
A3: 120,000
Q4: How many fans saw Queen at the Nepstadion in Budapest?
A4: 80,000
Q5: How many fans saw Queen at Slane castle?
A5: 95,000
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations are very positive, as the symbol of fertility and happiness. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, when the color of clothing showed the owner's social status, green was worn by merchants, bankers and the gentry, while red was the color of the nobility. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci wears green, showing she is not from a noble family; the benches in the British House of Commons are green, while those in the House of Lords are red. Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission; a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States. It is the most important color in Islam. It was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries, and represents the lush vegetation of Paradise. It is also often associated with the culture of Gaelic Ireland, and is a color of the flag of Ireland. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement. Political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement, some naming themselves Green parties. This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly, products.

Q1: What is green a symbol of in China?
A1: fertility and happiness
Q2: In the Middle Ages, which color was associated with merchants, bankers, and the gentry?
A2: green
Q3: What does the Mona Lisa wearing green symbolize?
A3: she is not from a noble family
Q4: What does the color green represent in the flags of Islamic countries?
A4: lush vegetation of Paradise
Q5: Why is green the color of the environmental movement?
A5: its association with nature
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

In temperate softwoods there often is a marked difference between latewood and earlywood. The latewood will be denser than that formed early in the season. When examined under a microscope the cells of dense latewood are seen to be very thick-walled and with very small cell cavities, while those formed first in the season have thin walls and large cell cavities. The strength is in the walls, not the cavities. Hence the greater the proportion of latewood the greater the density and strength. In choosing a piece of pine where strength or stiffness is the important consideration, the principal thing to observe is the comparative amounts of earlywood and latewood. The width of ring is not nearly so important as the proportion and nature of the latewood in the ring.

Q1: What kind of softwoods often have significant differences in their earlywood and latewood?
A1: temperate
Q2: Is latewood denser or less dense than earlywood?
A2: denser
Q3: Does strength come from the walls or cavities of wood cells?
A3: walls
Q4: Are the cell walls of earlywood thick or thin?
A4: thin
Q5: What general size are the cavities in the cells of very dense latewood?
A5: very small
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

In terms of casting and production itself, Spielberg has a known penchant for working with actors and production members from his previous films. For instance, he has cast Richard Dreyfuss in several films: Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Always. Aside from his role as Indiana Jones, Spielberg also cast Harrison Ford as a headteacher in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (though the scene was ultimately cut). Although Spielberg directed veteran voice actor Frank Welker only once (in Raiders of the Lost Ark, for which he voiced many of the animals), Welker has lent his voice in a number of productions Spielberg has executive produced from Gremlins to its sequel Gremlins 2: The New Batch, as well as The Land Before Time, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, and television shows such as Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and SeaQuest DSV. Spielberg has used Tom Hanks on several occasions and has cast him in Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Terminal, and Bridge of Spies. Spielberg has collaborated with Tom Cruise twice on Minority Report and War of the Worlds, and cast Shia LaBeouf in five films: Transformers, Eagle Eye, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.

Q1: Which Spielberg films has Dreyfuss been in?
A1: Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Always
Q2: Who was Ford going to play in E.T., until the scene was removed?
A2: a headteacher
Q3: Which Spielberg TV shows has Frank Welker been a voice actor for?
A3: Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and SeaQuest DSV
Q4: Which Spielberg films has Tom Hanks been in?
A4: Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Terminal, and Bridge of Spies
Q5: Which Spielberg films has Tom Cruise been in?
A5: Minority Report and War of the Worlds
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

In terms of impact on events, it was more than Napoleon's personality that took effect. He reorganized France itself to supply the men and money needed for great wars. Above all he inspired his men—Wellington said his presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers, for he inspired confidence from privates to field marshals. He also unnerved the enemy. At the Battle of Auerstadt in 1806, King Frederick William III of Prussia outnumbered the French by 63,000 to 27,000; however, when he mistakenly was told that Napoleon was in command, he ordered a hasty retreat that turned into a rout. The force of his personality neutralized material difficulties as his soldiers fought with the confidence that with Napoleon in charge they would surely win.

Q1: What did Napoleon reorganize to supply the personnel and money required to fight great wars?
A1: France
Q2: How many soldiers did Wellington believe Napoleon's presence on the field was worth?
A2: 40,000
Q3: Who said that Napoleon's presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers?
A3: Wellington
Q4: In what year did the Battle of Auerstadt take place?
A4: 1806
Q5: Who led the Prussian forces that outnumbered Napoleon at the Battle of Auerstadt?
A5: King Frederick William III
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

In terms of school casualties, thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction. In Mianyang City, seven schools collapsed, burying at least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings throughout the province collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School. Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School.

Q1: How many school children died due to shoddy construction?
A1: thousands
Q2: How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City?
A2: seven
Q3: How many people were buried in the collapsed schools?
A3: 1,700
Q4: How many school buildings collapsed in the province?
A4: 7,000
Q5: How many students were buried in a school in Hanwang?
A5: 700
Q6: What caused the deaths of many school children?
A6: shoddy construction
Q7: How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City
A7: seven
Q8: How many people were buried under rubble in Mianyang City?
A8: 1,700
Q9: How many school buildings fell in the entire province?
A9: 7,000
Q10: How many were killed at the Juyuan Elementary School?
A10: 600
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

In terms of sexual identity, adolescence is when most gay/lesbian and transgender adolescents begin to recognize and make sense of their feelings. Many adolescents may choose to come out during this period of their life once an identity has been formed; many others may go through a period of questioning or denial, which can include experimentation with both homosexual and heterosexual experiences. A study of 194 lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths under the age of 21 found that having an awareness of one's sexual orientation occurred, on average, around age 10, but the process of coming out to peers and adults occurred around age 16 and 17, respectively. Coming to terms with and creating a positive LGBT identity can be difficult for some youth for a variety of reasons. Peer pressure is a large factor when youth who are questioning their sexuality or gender identity are surrounded by heteronormative peers and can cause great distress due to a feeling of being different from everyone else. While coming out can also foster better psychological adjustment, the risks associated are real. Indeed, coming out in the midst of a heteronormative peer environment often comes with the risk of ostracism, hurtful jokes, and even violence. Because of this, statistically the suicide rate amongst LGBT adolescents is up to four times higher than that of their heterosexual peers due to bullying and rejection from peers or family members.

Q1: At what age does awareness of one's sexual orientation occur on average?
A1: 10
Q2: At what age does coming out to one's peers occur on average?
A2: 16
Q3: At what age does coming out to adults occur on average?
A3: 17
Q4: How many times higher is the suicide rate amongst LGBT adolescents than their heterosexual peers?
A4: four
Q5: What are factors causing a hightened suicide rate amongst LGBT adolescents?
A5: bullying and rejection from peers or family members
Title: Economy_of_Greece
Topic: Geography and places

In terms of ship categories, Greek companies have 22.6% of the world's tankers and 16.1% of the world's bulk carriers (in dwt). An additional equivalent of 27.45% of the world's tanker dwt is on order, with another 12.7% of bulk carriers also on order. Shipping accounts for an estimated 6% of Greek GDP, employs about 160,000 people (4% of the workforce), and represents 1/3 of the country's trade deficit. Earnings from shipping amounted to €14.1 billion in 2011, while between 2000 and 2010 Greek shipping contributed a total of €140 billion (half of the country's public debt in 2009 and 3.5 times the receipts from the European Union in the period 2000–2013). The 2011 ECSA report showed that there are approximately 750 Greek shipping companies in operation.

Q1: How many of the world's tankers do Greek companies own?
A1: 22.6%
Q2: What percentage of the world's bulk carriers are Greece's?
A2: 16.1%
Q3: What percentage of Greece's GDP does shipping account for?
A3: 6%
Q4: What did earnings from Greece's shipping amount to in 2011?
A4: €14.1 billion
Q5: How many Greek shipping companies were in operation in 2011?
A5: 750
Title: Unicode
Topic: Engineering and technology

In terms of the newline, Unicode introduced U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR. This was an attempt to provide a Unicode solution to encoding paragraphs and lines semantically, potentially replacing all of the various platform solutions. In doing so, Unicode does provide a way around the historical platform dependent solutions. Nonetheless, few if any Unicode solutions have adopted these Unicode line and paragraph separators as the sole canonical line ending characters. However, a common approach to solving this issue is through newline normalization. This is achieved with the Cocoa text system in Mac OS X and also with W3C XML and HTML recommendations. In this approach every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline (which one does not really matter since it is an internal operation just for rendering). In other words, the text system can correctly treat the character as a newline, regardless of the input's actual encoding.

Q1: What is the code for separating lines? 
A1: U+2028
Q2: What is the code for separating paragraphs? 
A2: U+2029
Q3: How is newline normalization accomplished in Mac OS X? 
A3: Cocoa text system
Q4: How does the newliine normallization format work? 
A4: every possible newline character is converted internally to a common newline
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

In terms of total number of ships, the Greek Merchant Navy stands at 4th worldwide, with 3,150 ships (741 of which are registered in Greece whereas the rest 2,409 in other ports). In terms of ship categories, Greece ranks first in both tankers and dry bulk carriers, fourth in the number of containers, and fifth in other ships. However, today's fleet roster is smaller than an all-time high of 5,000 ships in the late 1970s. Additionally, the total number of ships flying a Greek flag (includes non-Greek fleets) is 1,517, or 5.3% of the world's dwt (ranked 5th).

Q1: Where is the Greek Merchant Navy ranked?
A1: 4th worldwide
Q2: How many ships does the Greek Merchant Navy have?
A2: 3,150
Q3: Where does Greece rank in number of tankers?
A3: first
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

In testimony before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008, former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets (responsible for enforcement) Michael Greenberger specifically named the Atlanta-based IntercontinentalExchange, founded by Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP as playing a key role in speculative run-up of oil futures prices traded off the regulated futures exchanges in London and New York. However, the IntercontinentalExchange (ICE) had been regulated by both European and U.S. authorities since its purchase of the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001. Mr Greenberger was later corrected on this matter.

Q1: Who was the former director of the CFTC that testified before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 3, 2008?
A1: Michael Greenberger
Q2: Who did Michael Greenberger erronesously name as a key player in speculative run-up of oil futures?
A2: IntercontinentalExchange
Q3: Who founded the Atlanta-based Intercontinental Exchange?
A3: Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP
Q4: Who purchased the International Petroleum Exchange in 2001?
A4: IntercontinentalExchange (ICE)
Q5: Where are regulated future exchanges located?
A5: London and New York
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

In the 10th century the establishment of churches and monasteries led to the development of stone architecture that elaborated vernacular Roman forms, from which the term "Romanesque" is derived. Where available, Roman brick and stone buildings were recycled for their materials. From the tentative beginnings known as the First Romanesque, the style flourished and spread across Europe in a remarkably homogeneous form. Just before 1000 there was a great wave of building stone churches all over Europe. Romanesque buildings have massive stone walls, openings topped by semi-circular arches, small windows, and, particularly in France, arched stone vaults. The large portal with coloured sculpture in high relief became a central feature of façades, especially in France, and the capitals of columns were often carved with narrative scenes of imaginative monsters and animals. According to art historian C. R. Dodwell, "virtually all the churches in the West were decorated with wall-paintings", of which few survive. Simultaneous with the development in church architecture, the distinctive European form of the castle was developed, and became crucial to politics and warfare.

Q1: In what century was Romanesque architecture first used?
A1: 10th
Q2: What feature of Romanesque architecture was especially prevalent in France?
A2: arched stone vaults
Q3: Who noted the prevalence of wall-paintings in Western churches of this era?
A3: C. R. Dodwell
Q4: What non-church architectural structure developed in the 10th century?
A4: the castle
Q5: Around what year did the great wave of church-building in stone occur?
A5: 1000
Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Topic: History

In the 11th century and the 12th century, the princes and their retinues, which were a mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites, dominated the society of Kievan Rus'. Leading soldiers and officials received income and land from the princes in return for their political and military services. Kievan society lacked the class institutions and autonomous towns that were typical of Western European feudalism. Nevertheless, urban merchants, artisans and labourers sometimes exercised political influence through a city assembly, the veche (council), which included all the adult males in the population. In some cases, the veche either made agreements with their rulers or expelled them and invited others to take their place. At the bottom of society was a stratum of slaves. More important was a class of tribute-paying peasants, who owed labour duty to the princes. The widespread personal serfdom characteristic of Western Europe did not exist in Kievan Rus'.

Q1: Which two groups dominated the society of Kievan Rus?
A1: mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites
Q2: What was severely lacking in Kievan in the 12th century?
A2: class institutions and autonomous towns
Q3: What was the group called that owed labour duty to the princes?
A3: tribute-paying peasants
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

In the 11th century, a turbulent period occurred in the history of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Indian Chola navy crossed the ocean and attacked the Srivijaya kingdom of Sangrama Vijayatungavarman in Kadaram (Kedah), the capital of the powerful maritime kingdom was sacked and the king was taken captive. Along with Kadaram, Pannai in present-day Sumatra and Malaiyur and the Malayan peninsula were attacked too. Soon after that, the king of Kedah Phra Ong Mahawangsa became the first ruler to abandon the traditional Hindu faith, and converted to Islam with the Sultanate of Kedah established in year 1136. Samudera Pasai converted to Islam in the year 1267, the King of Malacca Parameswara married the princess of Pasai, and the son became the first sultan of Malacca. Soon, Malacca became the center of Islamic study and maritime trade, and other rulers followed suit. Indonesian religious leader and Islamic scholar Hamka (1908–1981) wrote in 1961: "The development of Islam in Indonesia and Malaya is intimately related to a Chinese Muslim, Admiral Zheng He."

Q1: Which kingdom did the Chola navy attack during the 11th century?
A1: Srivijaya kingdom
Q2: What was the capital of Srivijaya kingdom?
A2: Sangrama Vijayatungavarman
Q3: Which king of Kedah converted to Islam in the year 1267?
A3: Phra Ong Mahawangsa
Q4: Name an Indonesian Islamic scholar who lived from 1908-1981?
A4: Hamka
Q5: Which Chinese admiral was related to the development of Islam in Indonesia & Malaya?
A5: Admiral Zheng He
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.

Q1: When did macaronic Latin start showing signs of Catalan?
A1: 11th century
Q2: When did texts begin to appear solely in Romance?
A2: by 1080
Q3: To what language did Catalan display similarities?
A3: Gallo-Romance
Q4: What Gallo-Romance language did Old Catalan separate from?
A4: Old Occitan
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free to invade Asia Minor, which dealt a dangerous blow to the Byzantine Empire by seizing a large part of its population and its economic heartland. Although the Byzantines regrouped and recovered somewhat, they never fully regained Asia Minor and were often on the defensive. The Turks also had difficulties, losing control of Jerusalem to the Fatimids of Egypt and suffering from a series of internal civil wars. The Byzantines also faced a revived Bulgaria, which in the late 12th and 13th centuries spread throughout the Balkans.

Q1: During what decade did the Seljuk Turks occupy Armenia?
A1: 1060s
Q2: In what yer was the Battle of Manzikert fought?
A2: 1071
Q3: Who was taken prisoner at the Battle of Manzikert?
A3: Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV
Q4: Who conquered Jerusalem from the Turks?
A4: the Fatimids of Egypt
Q5: During what century did the Seljuk Turks occupy Persia?
A5: 11th
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

In the 12th and 13th centuries, Europe produced economic growth and innovations in methods of production. Major technological advances included the invention of the windmill, the first mechanical clocks, the manufacture of distilled spirits, and the use of the astrolabe. Concave spectacles were invented around 1286 by an unknown Italian artisan, probably working in or near Pisa.

Q1: Along with the astrolabe, windmill and distilled spirits, what was a notable technological advancement of the 12th and 13th centuries?
A1: mechanical clocks
Q2: What was invented in approximately 1286?
A2: Concave spectacles
Q3: Near what city were concave spectacles invented?
A3: Pisa
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island, through experience alone. The Latin translation of his philosophical novel, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, had an influence on John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.

Q1: What was 'Abubacer' normally called?
A1: Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail
Q2: What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called?
A2: Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail
Q3: What was Ibn Tufail's religion?
A3: Muslim
Q4: What was Ibn Tufail's ethnicity?
A4: Andalusian
Q5: When did Ibn Tufail live?
A5: 12th century CE
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

In the 13th century mendicant orders—the Franciscans and the Dominicans—who swore vows of poverty and earned their living by begging, were approved by the papacy. Religious groups such as the Waldensians and the Humiliati also attempted to return to the life of early Christianity in the middle 12th and early 13th centuries, but they were condemned as heretical by the papacy. Others joined the Cathars, another heretical movement condemned by the papacy. In 1209, a crusade was preached against the Cathars, the Albigensian Crusade, which in combination with the medieval Inquisition, eliminated them.

Q1: Along with the Dominicans, what mendicant order was founded in the 13th century?
A1: Franciscans
Q2: What notable vow was sworn by the mendicant orders?
A2: poverty
Q3: How did the mendicant orders make a living?
A3: begging
Q4: What was the crusade against the Cathars called?
A4: the Albigensian Crusade
Q5: Along with the Cathars and Humiliati, what group was notably condemned as heretics in this period?
A5: the Waldensians
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

In the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: "When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master." Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) "portrayed the bushi in their natural element, war, eulogizing such virtues as reckless bravery, fierce family pride, and selfless, at times senseless devotion of master and man". Feudal lords such as Shiba Yoshimasa (1350–1410 AD) stated that a warrior looked forward to a glorious death in the service of a military leader or the Emperor: "It is a matter of regret to let the moment when one should die pass by....First, a man whose profession is the use of arms should think and then act upon not only his own fame, but also that of his descendants. He should not scandalize his name forever by holding his one and only life too dear....One's main purpose in throwing away his life is to do so either for the sake of the Emperor or in some great undertaking of a military general. It is that exactly that will be the great fame of one's descendants."

Q1: When was Hojo Shigetoki born?
A1: 1198
Q2: When did Hojo Shigetoki die?
A2: 1261
Q3: What were gunki?
A3: 13th and 14th century warrior writings
Q4: When was Shiba Yoshimasa born?
A4: 1350
Q5: When did Shiba Yoshimasa die?
A5: 1410
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

In the 14th century, much of the Greek peninsula was lost by the Byzantine Empire at first to the Serbs and then to the Ottomans. By the beginning of the 15th century, the Ottoman advance meant that Byzantine territory in Greece was limited mainly to its then-largest city, Thessaloniki, and the Peloponnese (Despotate of the Morea). After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Morea was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans. However, this, too, fell to the Ottomans in 1460, completing the Ottoman conquest of mainland Greece. With the Turkish conquest, many Byzantine Greek scholars, who up until then were largely responsible for preserving Classical Greek knowledge, fled to the West, taking with them a large body of literature and thereby significantly contributing to the Renaissance.

Q1: A lot of Greece was lost by whom in the 14th century?
A1: Byzantine Empire
Q2: At the start of 15th century, the biggest Byzantine city was what?
A2: Thessaloniki
Q3: Constantinople was overcome by who in 1453?
A3: the Ottomans
Q4: The Ottomans controlled mainland Greece in what year?
A4: 1460
Q5: Who had a large impact on the Renaissance? 
A5: Byzantine Greek scholars