LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

Once food leaves the crop, it passes to the midgut (element 13 in numbered diagram), also known as the mesenteron, where the majority of digestion takes place. Microscopic projections from the midgut wall, called microvilli, increase the surface area of the wall and allow more nutrients to be absorbed; they tend to be close to the origin of the midgut. In some insects, the role of the microvilli and where they are located may vary. For example, specialized microvilli producing digestive enzymes may more likely be near the end of the midgut, and absorption near the origin or beginning of the midgut.:32

Q1: What is another name for mesenteron?
A1: midgut
Q2: Food goes in to the midgut after leaving where?
A2: the crop
Q3: The majority of an insects digestion happens where?
A3: the mesenteron
Q4: What kind of projections are in the midgut wall?
A4: Microscopic
Q5: What are microscopic projections called?
A5: microvilli
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Once in Hollywood, the contestants perform individually or in groups in a series of rounds. Until season ten, there were usually three rounds of eliminations in Hollywood. In the first round the contestants emerged in groups but performed individually. For the next round, the contestants put themselves in small groups and perform a song together. In the final round, the contestants perform solo with a song of their choice a cappella or accompanied by a band‍—‌depending on the season. In seasons two and three, contestants were also asked to write original lyrics or melody in an additional round after the first round. In season seven, the group round was eliminated and contestants may, after a first solo performance and on judges approval, skip a second solo round and move directly to the final Hollywood round. In season twelve, the executive producers split up the females and males and chose the members to form the groups in the group round.

Q1: Which season did not have a group round in Hollywood?
A1: seven
Q2: In which seasons were contestants required to write original lyrics?
A2: two and three
Q3: How many Hollywood rounds were there in the first nine seasons?
A3: usually three
Q4: In which season were contestants separated by gender to form groups?
A4: twelve
Q5: How many rounds of cuts were in the Hollywood stage until season ten?
A5: three
Q6: What was eliminated from the Hollywood round in Season seven?
A6: groups
Q7: Which seasons did contestants have to write an original lyric or melody?
A7: seasons two and three
Title: National_Archives_and_Records_Administration
Topic: History

Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish. For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules increasingly difficult to enforce. As a result, all filming, photographing, and videotaping by the public in the exhibition areas has been prohibited since February 25, 2010.

Q1: Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned?
A1: February 25, 2010
Q2: For how long has the National Archives prohibited flash photography?
A2: over 30 years
Q3: What is an aspect of a visit to the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?
A3: no lines
Q4: What has made the no photography rule hard to enforce in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?
A4: advent of cameras with automatic flashes
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

Once known as "the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda", Bermuda today is defended by forces of the British government. For the first two centuries of settlement, the most potent armed force operating from Bermuda was its merchant shipping fleet, which turned to privateering at every opportunity. The Bermuda government maintained a local militia. After the American Revolutionary War, Bermuda was established as the Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy. Once the Royal Navy established a base and dockyard defended by regular soldiers, however, the militias were disbanded following the War of 1812. At the end of the 19th century, the colony raised volunteer units to form a reserve for the military garrison.

Q1: Due to the British goverment's defense forces, what are two nicknames for bermuda?
A1: the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda"
Q2: What did Bermuda's merchant shipping fleet do whenever it had the chance?
A2: turned to privateering
Q3: What was Bermuda established as after the American Revolutionary War?
A3: Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy.
Q4: When were the militias in Bermuda disbanded?
A4: following the War of 1812
Q5: How did the colony form a military garrison in the 19th century?
A5: raised volunteer units to form a reserve
Title: Bacteria
Topic: Natural sciences

Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.

Q1: What living organisms are bacteria being reffered as?
A1: prokaryotes
Q2: What vital part is missing in bacteria to eukaryotes?
A2: nucleus
Q3: When did the scientific classification change?
A3: 1990s
Q4: What are two main groups prokaryotes can be divided into?
A4: Bacteria and Archaea
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum, and Rhodes, both Roman allies. The Romans, also allied with the Aetolian League of Greek city-states (which resented Philip's power), thus declared war on Macedon in 200 BC, starting the Second Macedonian War. This ended with a decisive Roman victory at the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC). Like most Roman peace treaties of the period, the resultant 'Peace of Flaminius' was designed utterly to crush the power of the defeated party; a massive indemnity was levied, Philip's fleet was surrendered to Rome, and Macedon was effectively returned to its ancient boundaries, losing influence over the city-states of southern Greece, and land in Thrace and Asia Minor. The result was the end of Macedon as a major power in the Mediterranean.

Q1: In what region did the Romans aim to re-bolster the influence after the Second Punic war?
A1: the Balkans
Q2: Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War?
A2: Philip
Q3: What year did the Second Macedonian War begin?
A3: 200 BC
Q4: What battle signaled the end to the Second Macedonian War?
A4: Battle of Cynoscephalae
Q5: What empire won the Second Macedonian War?
A5: Roman
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Once the coastal assault had succeeded, Eisenhower insisted on retaining personal control over the land battle strategy, and was immersed in the command and supply of multiple assaults through France on Germany. Field Marshal Montgomery insisted priority be given to his 21st Army Group's attack being made in the north, while Generals Bradley (12th U.S. Army Group) and Devers (Sixth U.S. Army Group) insisted they be given priority in the center and south of the front (respectively). Eisenhower worked tirelessly to address the demands of the rival commanders to optimize Allied forces, often by giving them tactical, though sometimes ineffective, latitude; many historians conclude this delayed the Allied victory in Europe. However, due to Eisenhower's persistence, the pivotal supply port at Antwerp was successfully, albeit belatedly, opened in late 1944, and victory became a more distinct probability.

Q1: What unit did Montgomery command?
A1: 21st Army Group
Q2: What general commanded the 12th US Army Group?
A2: Bradley
Q3: Who was the Sixth US Army Group's commander?
A3: Devers
Q4: What geographic portion of the front did the Sixth US Army Group operate on?
A4: south
Q5: What supply port was opened late in 1944?
A5: Antwerp
Title: Elevator
Topic: History

Once the elevator arrives at the floor, it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator. Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button. The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor, and will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car. Some hospital elevators will feature a 'hold' position on the code-blue key switch (similar to fire service) which allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated.

Q1: Upon arriving at the desinated floor, what does the elevator do?
A1: it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator
Q2: What steps do medical personnel take at that point?
A2: Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button
Q3: Where then does the elevator go?
A3: The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor
Q4: Once it arrives what does the elevator do
A4: will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car
Q5: What does the hold feature do?
A5: allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Once the meditator achieves a strong and powerful concentration (jhāna, Sanskrit ध्यान dhyāna), his mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight (vipassanā) into the ultimate nature of reality, eventually obtaining release from all suffering. The cultivation of mindfulness is essential to mental concentration, which is needed to achieve insight.

Q1: What is powerful concentration called?
A1: jhāna
Q2: What is the term when the mind is ready to penetrate and gain insight?
A2: vipassanā
Q3: Mindfulness is essential to concentration, which is neede to achieve what?
A3: insight
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

One CATOBAR carrier: São Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 2005–2010, São Paulo underwent extensive modernization. At the end of 2010, sea trials began, and as of 2011[update] São Paulo had been evaluated by the CIASA (Inspection Commission and Training Advisory). She was expected to rejoin the fleet in late 2013, but suffered another major fire in 2012.

Q1: What class carrier is the Sao Paulo?
A1: Clemenceau
Q2: Who is the Sao Paulo currently in service for?
A2: the Brazilian Navy
Q3: Who was the Sao Paulo first commissioned by in 1963?
A3: the French Navy
Q4: What did Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010?
A4: extensive modernization
Q5: What setback happened to Sao Paula in 2012?
A5: another major fire
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

One STOBAR carrier: Liaoning was originally built as the 57,000 tonne Soviet Admiral Kuznetsov-class carrier Varyag and was later purchased as a stripped hulk by China in 1998 on the pretext of use as a floating casino, then partially rebuilt and towed to China for completion. Liaoning was commissioned on 25 September 2012, and began service for testing and training. On 24 or 25 November 2012, Liaoning successfully launched and recovered several Shenyang J-15 jet fighter aircraft. She is classified as a training ship, intended to allow the navy to practice with carrier usage. On 26 December 2012, the People's Daily reported that it will take four to five years for Liaoning to reach full capacity, mainly due to training and coordination which will take significant amount of time for Chinese PLA Navy to complete as this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession. As it is a training ship, Liaoning is not assigned to any of China's operation fleets.

Q1: Why did China purchase the STOBAR carrier Liaoning in 1998?
A1: on the pretext of use as a floating casino
Q2: What is Liaoning classifed as?
A2: a training ship
Q3: What is the Liaoning intended to help the navy practice with?
A3: carrier usage
Q4: Why is Liaoning not assigned to any of China's operation fleets?
A4: it is a training ship
Q5: Why did the Chinese PLA Navy need 4-5 years for Liaoning to reach full capacity?
A5: this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

One adaptation helping both predators and prey avoid detection is camouflage, a form of crypsis where species have an appearance that helps them blend into the background. Camouflage consists of not only color but also shape and pattern. The background upon which the organism is seen can be both its environment (e.g., the praying mantis to the right resembling dead leaves) or other organisms (e.g., zebras' stripes blend in with each other in a herd, making it difficult for lions to focus on a single target). The more convincing camouflage is, the more likely it is that the organism will go unseen.

Q1: Which adaptation helps both predators and prey?
A1: camouflage
Q2: What term is used for an adaptation that enables species to blend into the background?
A2: camouflage
Q3: Camoflauge consists of what else, in addition to color?
A3: shape and pattern
Q4: Ogranisms use camoflauge to blend with their habitat and what else?
A4: other organisms
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required. Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight." Because they do not examine the source code, there are situations when a tester writes many test cases to check something that could have been tested by only one test case, or leaves some parts of the program untested.

Q1: What is one huge advantage to using the black-box method?
A1: no programming knowledge is required
Q2: What can black-box testing sometimes be referred to with the in-ability to see the code?
A2: like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight.
Q3: What is a good reason to have testers and developers separate?
A3: tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

One big impetus for the development of the AC radio format was that, when rock and roll music first became popular in the mid-1950s, many more conservative radio stations wanted to continue to play current hit songs while shying away from rock. These middle of the road (or "MOR") stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs.

Q1: During what decade did rock and roll music first rise to popularity?
A1: 1950s
Q2: What does the acronym MOR stand for?
A2: middle of the road
Q3: Along with pre-rock standards, what type of older songs did MOR stations play?
A3: big band titles
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

One boarding house, College, is reserved for seventy King's Scholars, who attend Eton on scholarships provided by the original foundation and awarded by examination each year; King's Scholars pay up to 90% of full fees, depending on their means. Of the other pupils, up to a third receive some kind of bursary or scholarship. The name "King's Scholars" is because the school was founded by King Henry VI in 1440. The original School consisted of the seventy Scholars (together with some Commensals) and the Scholars were educated and boarded at the foundation's expense.

Q1: The College boarding house is reserved for whom?
A1: King's Scholars
Q2: Where do "King's Scholars" get their name?
A2: the school was founded by King Henry VI
Q3: How many original Scholars were there in the original School?
A3: seventy
Q4: How many students receive some form of financial aid?
A4: up to a third
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. Their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged, and even moved closer to the beach, over the years. The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904. The modern Haddon Hall was built in stages and was completed in 1929, at eleven stories. By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms. By 1930, the Claridge, the city's last large hotel before the casinos, opened its doors. The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain. At 24 stories, it would become known as the "Skyscraper By The Sea." The city became known as the "The World's Playground.

Q1: What year did the Quaker-owned Chalfonte House open?
A1: 1868
Q2: What year did the Haddon House open?
A2: 1869
Q3: How many stories was the modern Chalfonte Hotel when it opened in 1904?
A3: eight
Q4: How many rooms were in the merged Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel?
A4: nearly 1,000
Q5: What was the name given to the 24 story tall, 400-room Claridge?
A5: Skyscraper By The Sea
Title: Materialism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

One challenge to the traditional concept of matter as tangible "stuff" came with the rise of field physics in the 19th century. Relativity shows that matter and energy (including the spatially distributed energy of fields) are interchangeable. This enables the ontological view that energy is prima materia and matter is one of its forms. On the other hand, the Standard Model of Particle physics uses quantum field theory to describe all interactions. On this view it could be said that fields are prima materia and the energy is a property of the field.

Q1: Relativity illustrates that what is interchangeable?
A1: matter and energy
Q2: Ontological theory suggests that what is the main substance?
A2: energy
Q3: Quantum field theory suggest what is the main substance?
A3: fields
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

One check on a magistrate's power was his collegiality. Each magisterial office would be held concurrently by at least two people. Another such check was provocatio. Provocatio was a primordial form of due process. It was a precursor to habeas corpus. If any magistrate tried to use the powers of the state against a citizen, that citizen could appeal the decision of the magistrate to a tribune. In addition, once a magistrate's one-year term of office expired, he would have to wait ten years before serving in that office again. This created problems for some consuls and praetors, and these magistrates would occasionally have their imperium extended. In effect, they would retain the powers of the office (as a promagistrate), without officially holding that office.

Q1: How long concurrently could an elected magistrate serve in office?
A1: one-year
Q2: How many people would serve concurrently in a single magisterial office?
A2: at least two people
Q3: What form of due process was a harbinger of our vary own habeas corpus?
A3: Provocatio
Q4: What would you call a magistrate who had his powers of imperium continued?
A4: promagistrate
Q5: Who would a Roman go see in an attempt to reverse the decision of a magistrate?
A5: a tribune
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002.

Q1: What caused high unemployment on the island?
A1: loss of full passports
Q2: Who is the only reigning Monarch to have visited the island?
A2: King George VI
Q3: What year did King George VI visit the island?
A3: 1947
Q4: When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena?
A4: 1957
Q5: Prince Andrews, son of Prince Phillip visited in what year?
A5: 1984
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

One crucial innovation in reconceptualizing genotypic and phenotypic variation was the anthropologist C. Loring Brace's observation that such variations, insofar as it is affected by natural selection, slow migration, or genetic drift, are distributed along geographic gradations or clines. In part this is due to isolation by distance. This point called attention to a problem common to phenotype-based descriptions of races (for example, those based on hair texture and skin color): they ignore a host of other similarities and differences (for example, blood type) that do not correlate highly with the markers for race. Thus, anthropologist Frank Livingstone's conclusion, that since clines cross racial boundaries, "there are no races, only clines".

Q1: What did C. Loring Brace observe about about variations?
A1: distributed along geographic gradations or clines
Q2: Why are variations distributed along clines?
A2: isolation by distance
Q3: What is a problem common to phenotype-based descriptions of races?
A3: they ignore a host of other similarities and differences
Q4: What is Frank Livingstone's profession?
A4: anthropologist
Q5: What is the conclusion from the evidence that clines cross racial boundaries?
A5: there are no races, only clines
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

One disadvantage of the phalanx was that it was only effective when fighting in large, open spaces, which left the Romans at a disadvantage when fighting in the hilly terrain of central Italian peninsula. In the 4th century BC, the Romans abandoned the phalanx in favour of the more flexible manipular formation. This change is sometimes attributed to Marcus Furius Camillus and placed shortly after the Gallic invasion of 390 BC; it is more likely, however, that they were copied from Rome's Samnite enemies to the south, possibly as a result of Samnite victories during the Second Samnite War (326 to 304 BC).

Q1: What was a detriment of using the phalanx formation?
A1: only effective when fighting in large, open spaces
Q2: In what century was the phalanx formation finally discarded by the Roman people?
A2: 4th century BC
Q3: What fighting formation would eventually replace the phalanx in battle?
A3: manipular formation
Q4: Where is the likely source of the change to the manipular formation?
A4: copied from Rome's Samnite enemies
Q5: What type of ground could be found in the central Italian peninsula?
A5: hilly terrain
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

One distinctive feature that has caused a great amount of interest among linguists is what is traditionally seen as three degrees of phonemic length: short, long, and "overlong", such that /sɑdɑ/, /sɑˑdɑ/ and /sɑːdɑ/ are distinct. In actuality, the distinction is not purely in the phonemic length, and the underlying phonological mechanism is still disputed.[citation needed]

Q1: Who is interested in the degrees of phonemic length?
A1: linguists
Q2: What are the phonemic length's three degrees?
A2: short, long, and "overlong"
Q3: What is a matter of dispute among linguists regarding the distinction?
A3: the underlying phonological mechanism
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

One early attempt at lengthening the playing time should be mentioned. At least one manufacturer in the early 1920s, World Records, produced records that played at a constant linear velocity, controlled by Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device. As these were played from the outside to the inside, the rotational speed of the records increased as reproduction progressed. This action is similar (although in reverse) to that on the modern compact disc and the CLV version of its predecessor, the Philips Laser Disc.

Q1: Who had made an attempt in the 1920s to release a long play time recording?
A1: World Records
Q2: What caused the constant linear velocity?
A2: Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device
Q3: What was a unique feature of World Records records?
A3: played from the outside to the inside
Q4: What currently utilized item was World Records CLV similar to?
A4: Philips Laser Disc
Title: United_States_presidential_election,_2004
Topic: History

One elector in Minnesota cast a ballot for president with the name of "John Ewards"  [sic] written on it. The Electoral College officials certified this ballot as a vote for John Edwards for president. The remaining nine electors cast ballots for John Kerry. All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president (John Edwards's name was spelled correctly on all ballots for vice president). This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had cast a vote for the same person to be both president and vice president; another faithless elector in the 1800 election had voted twice for Aaron Burr, but under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president (and the second vote for Burr was discounted and re-assigned to Thomas Jefferson in any event, as it violated Electoral College rules).

Q1: Who received a certified ballot from the Electoral College, despite his name being spelled incorrectly on the ballot?
A1: John Edwards
Q2: Had there ever been a time where an elector voted for the same candidate to be both president and vice president?
A2: This was the first time in U.S. history
Q3: Which candidate won the unanimous vote for vice presidency?
A3: All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president
Q4: What is different in comparison between the 1800 electoral system and the system in place in 2004?
A4: under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president
Q5: In the 1800 election, why did Thomas Jefferson get the second vote?
A5: it violated Electoral College rules
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

One example of omnidirectional antennas is the very common vertical antenna or whip antenna consisting of a metal rod (often, but not always, a quarter of a wavelength long). A dipole antenna is similar but consists of two such conductors extending in opposite directions, with a total length that is often, but not always, a half of a wavelength long. Dipoles are typically oriented horizontally in which case they are weakly directional: signals are reasonably well radiated toward or received from all directions with the exception of the direction along the conductor itself; this region is called the antenna blind cone or null.

Q1: What is the main element of an omnidirectional antenna?
A1: metal rod
Q2: What type of antenna would most likely be a half a wavelength long?
A2: dipole
Q3: In which direction would you expect to find a dipole?
A3: horizontally
Q4: What is meant by the area where signals cannot be accepted well along the conductor?
A4: null
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

One facet of the changing attitude toward Korea and whether to get involved was Japan. Especially after the fall of China to the Communists, U.S. East Asian experts saw Japan as the critical counterweight to the Soviet Union and China in the region. While there was no United States policy that dealt with South Korea directly as a national interest, its proximity to Japan increased the importance of South Korea. Said Kim: "The recognition that the security of Japan required a non-hostile Korea led directly to President Truman's decision to intervene... The essential point... is that the American response to the North Korean attack stemmed from considerations of US policy toward Japan."

Q1: What country was believed to provide a counterbalance to China's and the Soviet Union's involvement in Korea?
A1: Japan
Q2: Which President decided to intervene after realizing that Japan's security would be affected by the hostility in Korea?
A2: President Truman
Q3: Why was South Korea important to the US?
A3: US policy toward Japan
Q4: What affected America's response to the situation in South Korea?
A4: US policy toward Japan
Title: Asphalt
Topic: Natural sciences

One hundred years after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Pierre Belon described in his work Observations in 1553 that pissasphalto, a mixture of pitch and bitumen, was used in Dubrovnik for tarring of ships from where it was exported to a market place in Venice where it could be bought by anyone. An 1838 edition of Mechanics Magazine cites an early use of asphalt in France. A pamphlet dated 1621, by "a certain Monsieur d'Eyrinys, states that he had discovered the existence (of asphaltum) in large quantities in the vicinity of Neufchatel", and that he proposed to use it in a variety of ways – "principally in the construction of air-proof granaries, and in protecting, by means of the arches, the water-courses in the city of Paris from the intrusion of dirt and filth", which at that time made the water unusable. "He expatiates also on the excellence of this material for forming level and durable terraces" in palaces, "the notion of forming such terraces in the streets not one likely to cross the brain of a Parisian of that generation". But it was generally neglected in France until the revolution of 1830. Then, in the 1830s, there was a surge of interest, and asphalt became widely used "for pavements, flat roofs, and the lining of cisterns, and in England, some use of it had been made of it for similar purposes". Its rise in Europe was "a sudden phenomenon", after natural deposits were found "in France at Osbann (BasRhin), the Parc (l'Ain) and the Puy-de-la-Poix (Puy-de-Dome)", although it could also be made artificially. One of the earliest uses in France was the laying of about 24,000 square yards of Seyssel asphalt at the Place de la Concorde in 1835.

Q1: Who described the use of bitumen and pitch to tar ships?
A1: Pierre Belon
Q2: When did Belon make his shipbuilding observations?
A2: 1553
Q3: In what year did a French magazine describe the use of asphalt?
A3: 1838
Q4: After what event in France did  asphalt begin to be used for pavements and assorted other uses?
A4: revolution of 1830
Q5: Where in France in 1835 was asphalt used to lay pavement? 
A5: Place de la Concorde
Title: Rule_of_law
Topic: History

One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors.

Q1: The impact of the rule of law on what is closely studied?
A1: economic development
Q2: What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy?
A2: Constitutional economics
Q3: In what branch of government is corruption examined?
A3: executive branch
Q4: In developing countries, who makes most of the spending decisions?
A4: the executive
Q5: What is the term for corruption by individuals?
A5: corruption by private actors
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists[who?] developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden or latent language.[citation needed] Researchers at the International Auxiliary Language Association extracted words and affixes that they considered to be part of Interlingua's vocabulary. In theory, speakers of the Western languages would understand written or spoken Interlingua immediately, without prior study, since their own languages were its dialects. This has often turned out to be true, especially, but not solely, for speakers of the Romance languages and educated speakers of English. Interlingua has also been found to assist in the learning of other languages. In one study, Swedish high school students learning Interlingua were able to translate passages from Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian that students of those languages found too difficult to understand. It should be noted, however, that the vocabulary of Interlingua extends beyond the Western language families.

Q1: What language could all Western languages be considered dialects of?
A1: Interlingua
Q2: Researchers at what organization study and develop Interlingua?
A2: International Auxiliary Language Association
Q3: What was the nationality of high school students who learned Interlingua in a notable linguistic experiment?
A3: Swedish
Q4: Along with Italian and Spanish, what language could Swedish Interlingua learners translate?
A4: Portuguese
Q5: Along with Standard Average European, from what concept was Interlingua derived?
A5: the international scientific vocabulary
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could include one of several different types of keyboard instruments (e.g., pipe organ, harpsichord, or clavichord), additional stringed chordal instruments (e.g., a lute) and an unspecified number of bass instruments performing the basso continuo bassline, including bowed strings, woodwinds and brass instruments (e.g., a cello, contrabass, viol, bassoon, serpent, etc.).

Q1: What was less standardized during the Baroque era?
A1: the types of instruments used in ensembles
Q2: Two violins, a viola, and a cello make up what type of group?
A2: a classical era string quartet
Q3: Keyboard instruments included the pip organ, harpsichord and what other instrument?
A3: clavichord
Q4: What is an example of a stringed chordal instrument during the Baroque period?
A4: a lute
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

One man who has encountered this problem is Taiwanese politician Yu Shyi-kun, due to the rarity of the last character in his name. Newspapers have dealt with this problem in varying ways, including using software to combine two existing, similar characters, including a picture of the personality, or, especially as is the case with Yu Shyi-kun, simply substituting a homophone for the rare character in the hope that the reader would be able to make the correct inference. Taiwanese political posters, movie posters etc. will often add the bopomofo phonetic symbols next to such a character. Japanese newspapers may render such names and words in katakana instead of kanji, and it is accepted practice for people to write names for which they are unsure of the correct kanji in katakana instead.

Q1: Who is a Taiwanese politician?
A1: Yu Shyi-kun
Q2: What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols?
A2: movie posters
Q3: What may render certain names in katakana instead of kanji?
A3: Japanese newspapers
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

One means by which this is done is with a special signal called an interrupt, which can periodically cause the computer to stop executing instructions where it was and do something else instead. By remembering where it was executing prior to the interrupt, the computer can return to that task later. If several programs are running "at the same time". then the interrupt generator might be causing several hundred interrupts per second, causing a program switch each time. Since modern computers typically execute instructions several orders of magnitude faster than human perception, it may appear that many programs are running at the same time even though only one is ever executing in any given instant. This method of multitasking is sometimes termed "time-sharing" since each program is allocated a "slice" of time in turn.

Q1: A method of multitasking that takes a "slice" of time in turn is called what?
A1: "time-sharing"
Q2: A signal that stops a compute executing instructions is called what?
A2: an interrupt,
Title: Warsaw_Pact
Topic: History

One month later, the proposed European Treaty was rejected not only by supporters of the EDC but also by western opponents of the European Defense Community (like French Gaullist leader Palewski) who perceived it as "unacceptable in its present form because it excludes the USA from participation in the collective security system in Europe". The Soviets then decided to make a new proposal to the governments of the USA, UK and France stating to accept the participation of the USA in the proposed General European Agreement. And considering that another argument deployed against the Soviet proposal was that it was perceived by western powers as "directed against the North Atlantic Pact and its liquidation", the Soviets decided to declare their "readiness to examine jointly with other interested parties the question of the participation of the USSR in the North Atlantic bloc", specifying that "the admittance of the USA into the General European Agreement should not be conditional on the three western powers agreeing to the USSR joining the North Atlantic Pact".

Q1: The omission of which nation from involvement in the proposed security system led to its NATO opposition?
A1: the USA
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

One mustn't overlook the doctrines of Galen: In use from his life in the 1st century AD until the 17th century, it was heresy to disagree with him for 1500 years. Galen was physician to gladiators in Pergamon, and in Rome, physician to Marcus Aurelius and the three emperors who succeeded him. Most of Galen's teachings were gathered and enhanced in the late 11th century by Benedictine monks at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, which still had users in the 17th century. Galen believed in the bodily humours of Hippocrates, and he taught that pneuma is the source of life. Four elements (earth, air, fire and water) combine into "complexion", which combines into states (the four temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic). The states are made up of pairs of attributes (hot and moist, cold and moist, hot and dry, and cold and dry), which are made of four humours: blood, phlegm, green (or yellow) bile, and black bile (the bodily form of the elements). Galen thought that for a person to have gout, kidney stones, or arthritis was scandalous, which Gratzer likens to Samuel Butler's Erehwon (1872) where sickness is a crime.

Q1: How long was the doctrines of Galen in use for?
A1: 1500 years
Q2: Which famous emperor did Galen serve as a physician to?
A2: Marcus Aurelius
Q3: Who resided at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum?
A3: Benedictine monks
Q4: What did Galen believe that pneuma was?
A4: the source of life
Q5: What did each pair of attributes supposedly consist of?
A5: four humours
Title: Dominican_Order
Topic: Philosophy and religion

One of Albert's greatest contributions was his study of Dionysus the Areopagite, a mystical theologian whose words left an indelible imprint in the medieval period. Magnus' writings made a significant contribution to German mysticism, which became vibrant in the minds of the Beguines and women such as Hildegard of Bingen and Mechthild of Magdeburg. Mysticism, for the purposes of this study, refers to the conviction that all believers have the capability to experience God's love. This love may manifest itself through brief ecstatic experiences, such that one may be engulfed by God and gain an immediate knowledge of Him, which is unknowable through the intellect alone.

Q1: Albert Magnus studied Dionysus during what historical period?
A1: medieval
Q2: What was one of Albert the Great's biggest contributions during the medieval period?
A2: his study of Dionysus the Areopagite
Q3: Who was Dionysus?
A3: a mystical theologian
Q4: What refers to the conviction that all believers are capable of experiencing God's love?
A4: Mysticism
Q5: Albert magnus' writings contributed greatly to what?
A5: German mysticism
Title: Hyderabad
Topic: Geography and places

One of Hyderabad's earliest newspapers, The Deccan Times, was established in the 1780s. In modern times, the major Telugu dailies published in Hyderabad are Eenadu, Andhra Jyothy, Sakshi and Namaste Telangana, while the major English papers are The Times of India, The Hindu and The Deccan Chronicle. The major Urdu papers include The Siasat Daily, The Munsif Daily and Etemaad. Many coffee table magazines, professional magazines and research journals are also regularly published. The Secunderabad Cantonment Board established the first radio station in Hyderabad State around 1919. Deccan Radio was the first radio public broadcast station in the city starting on 3 February 1935, with FM broadcasting beginning in 2000. The available channels in Hyderabad include All India Radio, Radio Mirchi, Radio City, Red FM and Big FM.

Q1: When was The Deccan Times founded?
A1: the 1780s
Q2: What is The Deccan Chronicle?
A2: major English papers
Q3: What type of paper is The Siasat Daily?
A3: major Urdu papers
Q4: What year was the first radio station in Hyderabad formed?
A4: around 1919
Q5: On what date did the first public radio station in Hyderabad begin broadcasting?
A5: starting on 3 February 1935
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

One of John's principal challenges was acquiring the large sums of money needed for his proposed campaigns to reclaim Normandy. The Angevin kings had three main sources of income available to them, namely revenue from their personal lands, or demesne; money raised through their rights as a feudal lord; and revenue from taxation. Revenue from the royal demesne was inflexible and had been diminishing slowly since the Norman conquest. Matters were not helped by Richard's sale of many royal properties in 1189, and taxation played a much smaller role in royal income than in later centuries. English kings had widespread feudal rights which could be used to generate income, including the scutage system, in which feudal military service was avoided by a cash payment to the king. He derived income from fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges. John intensified his efforts to maximise all possible sources of income, to the extent that he has been described as "avaricious, miserly, extortionate and moneyminded". John also used revenue generation as a way of exerting political control over the barons: debts owed to the crown by the king's favoured supporters might be forgiven; collection of those owed by enemies was more stringently enforced.

Q1: What was one of John's principal challenges?
A1: acquiring the large sums of money needed
Q2: When did Richard sell many royal properties?
A2: 1189
Q3: Where did John derive income from?
A3: fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of ancient India, but its exact date of compilation is unknown. Negative numbers were also used by the Greek mathematician Diophantus in about 275 AD, but were not widely accepted in Europe until the 16th century AD.

Q1: In what treatise did negative numbers first appear?
A1: the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
Q2: How were negative numbers first described during the Han period?
A2: as black counting rods
Q3: In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe?
A3: 16th century AD
Q4: What Indian manuscript also contains the useage of negative numbers?
A4: Bakhshali
Q5: What were positive numbers portayed as in the treatise of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art?
A5: red counting rods
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which is the world's oldest annual marathon, run on Patriots' Day in April. On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon. Another major annual event is the Head of the Charles Regatta, held in October.

Q1: What is one of the most famous sporting events in the city?
A1: the Boston Marathon
Q2: When is the head of Charles Regatta held?
A2: October
Q3: How many people were killed in the explosions at the Boston marathon?
A3: three
Title: Anthropology
Topic: Social sciences and society

One of the central problems in the anthropology of art concerns the universality of 'art' as a cultural phenomenon. Several anthropologists have noted that the Western categories of 'painting', 'sculpture', or 'literature', conceived as independent artistic activities, do not exist, or exist in a significantly different form, in most non-Western contexts. To surmount this difficulty, anthropologists of art have focused on formal features in objects which, without exclusively being 'artistic', have certain evident 'aesthetic' qualities. Boas' Primitive Art, Claude Lévi-Strauss' The Way of the Masks (1982) or Geertz's 'Art as Cultural System' (1983) are some examples in this trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics'.

Q1: What is a cultural phenomenon? 
A1: art
Q2: What have several anthropologists noted about Western artistic endeavors and their place in non-Western contexts?
A2: do not exist
Q3: What formal features in objects do anthropologists of art focus on?
A3: evident 'aesthetic' qualities
Q4: When was Art as Cultural System penned?
A4: 1983
Q5: What is the trend to transform the anthropology of 'art' into an anthropology of?
A5: culturally specific 'aesthetics'