LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community improvement issues. Although they do not take part in politics, they respect the authority of the governments under which they live. They do not celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter, nor do they observe birthdays, nationalistic holidays, or other celebrations they consider to honor people other than Jesus. They feel that these and many other customs have pagan origins or reflect a nationalistic or political spirit. Their position is that these traditional holidays reflect Satan's control over the world. Witnesses are told that spontaneous giving at other times can help their children to not feel deprived of birthdays or other celebrations.

Q1: Who is king of God's kingdom in heaven?
A1: Christ
Q2: What do Jehovah Witnesses remain politically?
A2: neutral
Q3: What are Jehovah Witnesses discouraged from doing?
A3: voting
Q4: Why do Jehovah Witnesses forego religious holidays and birthdays or other celebrations?
A4: they consider to honor people other than Jesus
Q5: What do Jehovah Witnesses feel all the traditional holidays reflect?
A5: Satan's control over the world
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Jehovah's Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of first-century Christianity. Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body, which assumes responsibility for interpreting and applying scripture. The Governing Body does not issue any single, comprehensive "statement of faith", but prefers to express its doctrinal position in a variety of ways through publications published by the Watch Tower Society. Their publications teach that doctrinal changes and refinements result from a process of progressive revelation, in which God gradually reveals his will and purpose, and that such enlightenment or "new light" results from the application of reason and study, the guidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. The Society also teaches that members of the Governing Body are helped by the holy spirit to discern "deep truths", which are then considered by the entire Governing Body before it makes doctrinal decisions. The religion's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility, is said to provide "divine guidance" through its teachings described as "based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah."

Q1: What do Jehovah Witnesses believe their religion is a restoration of?
A1: first-century Christianity
Q2: Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah Witnesses? 
A2: the Governing Body
Q3: Where does the Governing Body express its doctrinal position?
A3: through publications published by the Watch Tower Society
Q4: How does God reveal his will and purpose?
A4: gradually
Q5: What is the Jehovah Witnesses' leadership said to provide?
A5: divine guidance
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sexual abuse to be substantiated by secondary evidence if the accused person denies any wrongdoing. In cases where corroboration is lacking, the Watch Tower Society's instruction is that "the elders will leave the matter in Jehovah's hands". A former member of the church’s headquarters staff, Barbara Anderson, says the policy effectively requires that there be another witness to an act of molestation, "which is an impossibility". Anderson says the policies "protect pedophiles rather than protect the children." Jehovah's Witnesses maintain that they have a strong policy to protect children, adding that the best way to protect children is by educating parents; they also state that they do not sponsor activities that separate children from parents.

Q1: What are Jehovah's Witnesses accused of concealing within their organization?
A1: sexual abuse
Q2: Whose hands should elders leave allegations of sexual abuse in when the accused person denies wrongdoing?
A2: Jehovah's
Q3: Who does Barbara Anderson feel the church's policy regarding sexual abuse protects?
A3: pedophiles
Q4: What do Jehovah's Witnesses maintain they want to protect?
A4: children
Q5: Jehovah's Witnesses do not sponsor activities when the result is the separation of whom?
A5: children from parents
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial attendance of more than 19.9 million. Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Brooklyn, New York, which establishes all doctrines based on its interpretations of the Bible. They prefer to use their own translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other translations. They believe that the destruction of the present world system at Armageddon is imminent, and that the establishment of God's kingdom over the earth is the only solution for all problems faced by humanity.

Q1: What are the Jehovah Witnesses?
A1: millenarian restorationist Christian denomination
Q2: What are the beliefs of Jehovah Witnesses distinct from?
A2: mainstream Christianity
Q3: How many adherents worldwide does the group claim?
A3: more than 8.2 million
Q4: Who is in charges of directing the Jehovah Witnesses?
A4: Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses
Q5: Where are the group elders located?
A5: Brooklyn, New York
Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, which they consider a violation of God's law based on their interpretation of Acts 15:28, 29 and other scriptures. Since 1961 the willing acceptance of a blood transfusion by an unrepentant member has been grounds for expulsion from the religion. Members are directed to refuse blood transfusions, even in "a life-or-death situation". Jehovah's Witnesses accept non-blood alternatives and other medical procedures in lieu of blood transfusions, and their literature provides information about non-blood medical procedures.

Q1: What biblical passage informs Jehovah Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions?
A1: Acts 15:28, 29
Q2: What is grounds for expulsion from Jehovah Witnesses, since 1961?
A2: willing acceptance of a blood transfusion
Q3: What do Jehovah Witnesses accept in lieu of blood transfusions?
A3: non-blood alternatives
Q4: What does Jehovah Witnesses' literature provide about non-blood medical procedures?
A4: information
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president. Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner.

Q1: Who was the first president of the AFL?
A1: Jerry Kurz
Q2: What was Jerry Kurz's job title prior to being president of the AFL?
A2: commissioner
Q3: Who became commissioner of the AFL after Jerry Kurz?
A3: Scott Butera
Q4: Where did Scott Butera work prior to becoming AFL commissioner?
A4: Foxwoods
Q5: What was Scott Butera's job title prior to becoming AFL commissioner?
A5: CEO
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

Jerusalem with its many holy places probably had the highest concentration of mosaic-covered churches but very few of them survived the subsequent waves of destructions. The present remains do not do justice to the original richness of the city. The most important is the so-called "Armenian Mosaic" which was discovered in 1894 on the Street of the Prophets near Damascus Gate. It depicts a vine with many branches and grape clusters, which springs from a vase. Populating the vine's branches are peacocks, ducks, storks, pigeons, an eagle, a partridge, and a parrot in a cage. The inscription reads: "For the memory and salvation of all those Armenians whose name the Lord knows." Beneath a corner of the mosaic is a small, natural cave which contained human bones dating to the 5th or 6th centuries. The symbolism of the mosaic and the presence of the burial cave indicates that the room was used as a mortuary chapel.

Q1: Which city had the highest percentage of mosaic covered churches?
A1: Jerusalem
Q2: Where was the Armenian Mosaic found in Jerusalem?
A2: near Damascus Gate
Q3: When was the Armenian Mosaic re-discovered?
A3: 1894
Q4: What was the room under the Armenian Mosaic used for?
A4: mortuary chapel
Q5: What type of plant is depicted in the Armenian Mosaic?
A5: a vine with many branches
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

Jessica Sanchez received the fewest number of votes during the Top 7 week, and the judges decided to use their "save" option on her, making her the first female recipient of the save. The following week, unlike previous seasons, Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home. Sanchez later made the final two, the first season where a recipient of the save reached the finale.

Q1: Which contestant was saved by the judges on season 11 of American Idol?
A1: Jessica Sanchez
Q2: Who was the first female to be saved by the judges on American Idol?
A2: Jessica Sanchez
Q3: Who was eliminated the week after judges saved Jessica Sanchez on American Idol?
A3: Colton Dixon
Q4: How far did Jessica Sanchez make it on American Idol?
A4: final two
Q5: When did the judges use their save this season?
A5: Top 7
Q6: Who was the recipient of the Judges' Save?
A6: Jessica Sanchez
Q7: Which contestant was sent home the following week?
A7: Colton Dixon
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692, and founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700 about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now "A" mountain. Hugo O'Conor, the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (near the present downtown Pima County Courthouse). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by Apaches. Eventually the town came to be called "Tucson" and became a part of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821.

Q1: Who is considered the founding father of Tuscan?
A1: Hugo O'Conor
Q2: What year did Mexico gain independence from Spain?
A2: 1821
Q3: Who founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac?
A3: Eusebio Francisco Kino
Q4: How many miles was Mission San Xavier del Bac from Tuscon?
A4: 7
Q5: Which missionary came to the Santa Cruz River area in 1692?
A5: Eusebio Francisco Kino
Q6: What religion was Kino?
A6: Jesuit
Q7: What mission did Kino found?
A7: Mission San Xavier del Bac
Q8: When did Kino found the del Bac mission?
A8: 1700
Q9: Who is Tucson's 'founding father'?
A9: Hugo O'Conor
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Jesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesus' death is of central importance, and Jesus willingly sacrificed himself as an act of perfect obedience as a sacrifice of love which pleased God. By contrast the moral influence theory of atonement focuses much more on the moral content of Jesus' teaching, and sees Jesus' death as a martyrdom. Since the Middle Ages there has been conflict between these two views within Western Christianity. Evangelical Protestants typically hold a substitutionary view and in particular hold to the theory of penal substitution. Liberal Protestants typically reject substitutionary atonement and hold to the moral influence theory of atonement. Both views are popular within the Roman Catholic church, with the satisfaction doctrine incorporated into the idea of penance.

Q1: What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support?
A1: how salvation is granted to humanity
Q2: How important is Jesus' death to modern theology?
A2: central importance
Q3: Did Jesus sacrifice himself without fighting?
A3: Jesus willingly sacrificed himself
Q4: Why did Jesus sacrifice himself?
A4: an act of perfect obedience
Q5: What church is the sacrifice important to?
A5: the Roman Catholic church
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.

Q1: What is Jethro Burns commonly known for?
A1: half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro
Q2: What type of music did Jethro Burns play? 
A2: jazz mandolinist
Q3: Who popularized the mandolin in Western Swing Music?
A3: Tiny Moore
Q4: Who was well known for important works of traditional blugrass?
A4: Chris Thile of California is
Q5: Who are othe rwell know players? 
A5: Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]

Q1: In what year were the Jews expelled from England?
A1: 1290
Q2: What year saw the expulsion of the French Jewish community?
A2: 1306
Q3: Along with Hungary, where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?
A3: Poland
Q4: In what year were Jews kicked out of Spain?
A4: 1492
Q5: Along with Turkey, France and Italy, where did expelled Spanish Jews travel to?
A5: Holland
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or upsheerin, Yiddish for "haircut") "originated as an Arab custom that parents cut a newborn boy's hair and burned it in a fire as a sacrifice," and "Jews in Palestine learned this custom from Arabs and adapted it to a special Jewish context." The Ashkenazi prohibition against eating kitniyot (grains and legumes such as rice, corn, beans, and peanuts) during Passover was explicitly rejected in the Talmud, has no known precedent before the 12th century and represented a minority position for hundreds of years thereafter, but nonetheless has remained a mandatory prohibition among Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews due to their historic adherence to the ReMA's rulings in the Shulchan Aruch.

Q1: When is a newborn boy's hair first cut?
A1: third birthday
Q2: What is done with the newborn boy's hair once it is cut?
A2: burned
Q3: What are grains and legumes known as?
A3: kitniyot
Q4: What is the name of the prohibition against eating grains and legumes during Passover?
A4: Ashkenazi
Q5: What text rejects the Ashkenazi prohibition against kitniyot?
A5: Talmud
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Jewish law does not prohibit keeping dogs and other pets. Jewish law requires Jews to feed dogs (and other animals that they own) before themselves, and make arrangements for feeding them before obtaining them. In Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness.

Q1: What do dogs represent to Christians?
A1: faithfulness.
Q2: Jewish law dictates that anyone owning a dog must feed the dog before who?
A2: themselves
Q3: If a Jewish person owns a dog, he must do what to do the dog before he does it to himself?
A3: feed
Q4: What does a dog represent in the Christian culture?
A4: faithfulness
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Jews also spread across Europe during the period. Communities were established in Germany and England in the 11th and 12th centuries, but Spanish Jews, long settled in Spain under the Muslims, came under Christian rule and increasing pressure to convert to Christianity. Most Jews were confined to the cities, as they were not allowed to own land or be peasants.[U] Besides the Jews, there were other non-Christians on the edges of Europe—pagan Slavs in Eastern Europe and Muslims in Southern Europe.

Q1: In what type of settlement did most Jews live?
A1: cities
Q2: In what centuries did a Jewish community develop in England?
A2: the 11th and 12th
Q3: What religion were Spanish Jews pressured into converting to?
A3: Christianity
Q4: In what part of Europe did the Slavs live?
A4: Eastern
Q5: What was the religion of the Slavs?
A5: pagan
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Jews are often identified as belonging to one of two major groups: the Ashkenazim and the Sephardim. Ashkenazim, or "Germanics" (Ashkenaz meaning "Germany" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their German Jewish cultural and geographical origins, while Sephardim, or "Hispanics" (Sefarad meaning "Spain/Hispania" or "Iberia" in Hebrew), are so named denoting their Spanish/Portuguese Jewish cultural and geographic origins. The more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim, is Mizrahim (lit. "Easterners", Mizrach being "East" in Hebrew), that is, in reference to the diverse collection of Middle Eastern and North African Jews who are often, as a group, referred to collectively as Sephardim (together with Sephardim proper) for liturgical reasons, although Mizrahi Jewish groups and Sephardi Jews proper are ethnically distinct.

Q1: Name one major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to.
A1: Ashkenazim
Q2: Name another major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to?
A2: Sephardim
Q3: What does Ashkenaz mean in Hebrew?
A3: Germany
Q4: What is the more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim?
A4: Mizrahim
Q5: What does Mizrach mean in Hebrew?
A5: East
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel. The Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, and the Kingdom of Judah. Some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as 'Hebrews'. Though few sources in the Bible mention the exilic periods in detail, the experience of diaspora life, from the Ancient Egyptian rule over the Levant, to Assyrian Captivity and Exile, to Babylonian Captivity and Exile, to Seleucid Imperial rule, to the Roman occupation, and the historical relations between Israelites and the homeland, became a major feature of Jewish history, identity and memory.

Q1: Which group originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel?
A1: Jews
Q2: Who consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, and the kingdom of Judah?
A2: Israelites
Q3: What were incoming nomadic groups known as?
A3: Hebrews
Q4: When did Jews originate as a national and religious group in the Middle East?
A4: during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel
Q5: What appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel?
A5: The Merneptah Stele
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

Jiangsu Art Gallery is the largest gallery in Jiangsu Province, presenting some of the best traditional and contemporary art pieces of China; many other smaller-scale galleries, such as Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery, also have their own special exhibitions.

Q1: What is the name of the largest art gallery in Jiangsu Province?
A1: Jiangsu Art Gallery
Q2: What type of art does Jiangsu Art Gallery contain?
A2: traditional and contemporary art pieces of China
Q3: What are two smaller galleries in Nanjing?
A3: Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery
Q4: What type of exhibitions do Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery show?
A4: their own special exhibitions
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre.

Q1: What is the name of China's oldest stage art?
A1: Kunqu
Q2: What is one of the best theatres for Kunqu?
A2: Jiangsu Province Kun Opera
Q3: What type of troupe is Jiangsu Province Kun Opera considered to be?
A3: a conservative and traditional troupe
Q4: What other types of operas are performed in Nanjing?
A4: Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing
Q5: What other types of theater performance are seen in Nanjing?
A5: Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

Jidaigeki (literally historical drama) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan’s most renowned directors, Akira Kurosawa, greatly influenced the samurai aspect in western film-making.[citation needed] George Lucas’ Star Wars series incorporated many aspects from the Seven Samurai film. One example is that in the Japanese film, seven samurai warriors are hired by local farmers to protect their land from being overrun by bandits; In George Lucas’ Star Wars: A New Hope, a similar situation arises. Kurosawa was inspired by the works of director John Ford and in turn Kurosawa's works have been remade into westerns such as The Seven Samurai into The Magnificent Seven and Yojimbo into A Fistful of Dollars. There is also a 26 episode anime adaptation (Samurai 7) of The Seven Samurai. Along with film, literature containing samurai influences are seen as well.

Q1: What is Jidaigeki?
A1: historical drama
Q2: Who is Akira Kurosawa? 
A2: One of Japan’s most renowned directors
Q3: Who directed 'Seven Samurai'?
A3: Akira Kurosawa
Q4: What Japanese movie is 'Star Wars: A New Hope' said to be similar to?
A4: Seven Samurai
Q5: What western was inspired by 'Seven Samurai'?
A5: The Magnificent Seven
Title: Arena_Football_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

Jim Foster, a promotions manager with the National Football League, conceived of indoor football while watching an indoor soccer match at Madison Square Garden in 1981. While at the game, he wrote his idea on a 9x12 envelope, with sketches of the field and notes on gameplay. He presented the idea to a few friends at the NFL offices, where he received praise and encouragement for his concept. After solidifying the rules and a business plan, and supplemented with sketches by a professional artist, Foster presented his idea to various television networks. He reached an agreement with NBC for a "test game".

Q1: Who was Jim Foster's employer prior to his founding the Arena Football League?
A1: the National Football League
Q2: What was Jim Foster viewing when he came up with the idea for arena football?
A2: an indoor soccer match
Q3: Where was Jim Foster when he came up with the idea for arena football?
A3: Madison Square Garden
Q4: In what year did Jim Foster conceive of the idea of arena football?
A4: 1981
Q5: What television network agreed to broadcast an arena football test game?
A5: NBC
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

Jobs expanded so rapidly that 400,000 people were attracted to the city from 1941 to 1943, including 50,000 blacks in the second wave of the Great Migration, and 350,000 whites, many of them from the South. Some European immigrants and their descendants feared black competition for jobs and housing. The federal government prohibited discrimination in defense work but when in June 1943, Packard promoted three blacks to work next to whites on its assembly lines, 25,000 whites walked off the job. The Detroit race riot of 1943 took place three weeks after the Packard plant protest. Over the course of three days, 34 people were killed, of whom 25 were African American, and approximately 600 were injured, 75% black people.

Q1: How many people were killed in the race riot of 1943?
A1: 34
Q2: How many people came to Detroit between 1941 and 1943?
A2: 400,000
Q3: After which event did the 1943 race riot happen?
A3: Packard plant protest
Q4: What care company promoted black workers to work alongside white workers?
A4: Packard
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Jobs stated during the Macintosh's introduction "we expect Macintosh to become the third industry standard", after the Apple II and IBM PC. Although outselling every other computer, it did not meet expectations during the first year, especially among business customers. Only about ten applications including MacWrite and MacPaint were widely available, although many non-Apple software developers participated in the introduction and Apple promised that 79 companies including Lotus, Digital Research, and Ashton-Tate were creating products for the new computer. After one year, it had less than one quarter of the software selection available compared to the IBM PC—including only one word processor, two databases, and one spreadsheet—although Apple had sold 280,000 Macintoshes compared to IBM's first year sales of fewer than 100,000 PCs.

Q1: What did Jobs state that he expected Macintosh to become?
A1: the third industry standard
Q2: How many applications were widely available during Macintosh's introduction?
A2: Only about ten
Q3: How many companies did Apple promise were develping products for the new computer?
A3: 79
Q4: How many Macintoshes had Apple sold after one year?
A4: 280,000
Q5: How many databases did Apple have available the first year?
A5: two
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216), also known as John Lackland (Norman French: Johan sanz Terre), was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death in 1216. John lost the duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, which resulted in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributed to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of the Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

Q1: John lost the duchy of Normandy to who?
A1: King Philip II of France
Q2: What led to the sealing of the Magna Carta?
A2: baronial revolt
Q3: The collapse of the Angevin Empire contributed to the growth in power of what dynasty?
A3: Capetian
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in the Eastern and Western Churches. In the Eastern Church Sergei Bulgakov argued that the crucifixion of Jesus was "pre-eternally" determined by the Father before the creation of the world, to redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam. In the Western Church, Karl Rahner elaborated on the analogy that the blood of the Lamb of God (and the water from the side of Jesus) shed at the crucifixion had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water.

Q1: What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done?
A1: successfully argued for his innocence
Q2: Why did Jesus submit to crucifixion?
A2: obedience to the Father
Q3: The Eastern Church believes what regarding the death and ressurection?
A3: "pre-eternally" determined by the Father
Q4: What did Jesus's death accomplish per the Eastern Church?
A4: redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam
Q5: What is the blood of the lamb?
A5: had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism. The role of sense experience in Dewey's theory is crucial, in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated. Dewey's basic thought, in accordance with empiricism was that reality is determined by past experience. Therefore, humans adapt their past experiences of things to perform experiments upon and test the pragmatic values of such experience. The value of such experience is measured experientially and scientifically, and the results of such tests generate ideas that serve as instruments for future experimentation, in physical sciences as in ethics. Thus, ideas in Dewey's system retain their empiricist flavour in that they are only known a posteriori.

Q1: Who came up with 'instrumentalism'?
A1: John Dewey
Q2: What did Dewey think about reality?
A2: reality is determined by past experience
Q3: When was Dewey born?
A3: 1859
Q4: When did Dewey die?
A4: 1952
Q5: What was instrumentalism a modification of?
A5: James' pragmatism
Title: Northwestern_University
Topic: History

John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres (153 ha) of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5, 1855. To raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 "perpetual scholarships" entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Another building, University Hall, was built in 1869 of the same Joliet limestone as the Chicago Water Tower, also built in 1869, one of the few buildings in the heart of Chicago to survive the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. In 1873 the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragette and as one of the founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), became the school's first dean of women. Willard Residential College (1938) is named in her honor. Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874.

Q1: What was the name of the first building opened in 1855?
A1: Old College
Q2: What did Northwestern sell to raise funds for it's first building?
A2: $100 "perpetual scholarships"
Q3: Who received free tuition after buying the $100 perpetual scholarships?
A3: the purchaser and his heirs
Q4: Who did Northwestern merge with in 1873?
A4: Evanston College for Ladies
Q5: Who was Northwestern's first dean of women?
A5: Frances Willard
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

John Forbes Kerry was born on December 11, 1943 in Aurora, Colorado, at Fitzsimons Army Hospital. He was the second oldest of four children born to Richard John Kerry, a Foreign Service officer and lawyer, and Rosemary Isabel Forbes, a nurse and social activist. His father was raised Catholic (John's paternal grandparents were Austro-Hungarian Jewish immigrants who converted to Catholicism) and his mother was Episcopalian. He was raised with an elder sister named Margaret (born 1941), a younger sister named Diana (born 1947) and a younger brother named Cameron (born 1950). The children were raised in their father's faith; John Kerry served as an altar boy.

Q1: What is Kerry's middle name?
A1: Forbes
Q2: At what facility was Kerry born?
A2: Fitzsimons Army Hospital
Q3: What was Kerry's father's religion?
A3: Catholic
Q4: What was Kerry's mother's religion?
A4: Episcopalian
Q5: What is Kerry's older sibling's name?
A5: Margaret
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

John Keate, Head Master from 1809 to 1834, took over at a time when discipline was poor. Anthony Chenevix-Trench, Head Master from 1964 to 1970, abolished the birch and replaced it with caning, also applied to the bare posterior, which he administered privately in his office. Chenevix-Trench also abolished corporal punishment administered by senior boys. Previously, House Captains were permitted to cane miscreants over the seat of the trousers. This was a routine occurrence, carried out privately with the boy bending over with his head under the edge of a table. Less common but more severe were the canings administered by Pop (see Eton Society below) in the form of a "Pop-Tanning", in which a large number of hard strokes were inflicted by the President of Pop in the presence of all Pop members (or, in earlier times, each member of Pop took it in turns to inflict a stroke). The culprit was summoned to appear in a pair of old trousers, as the caning would cut the cloth to shreds. This was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton.

Q1: The birch was abolished and replaced with what?
A1: caning
Q2: What was the most severe form of physical punishment at Eton referred to as?
A2: "Pop-Tanning"
Q3: Why was a subject ordered to appear to Pop-Tanning in old trousers?
A3: the caning would cut the cloth to shreds
Q4: Which Head Master abolished corporal punishment by peers?
A4: Chenevix-Trench
Q5: Who administered caning privately in his office?
A5: Anthony Chenevix-Trench
Title: Presbyterianism
Topic: History

John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.

Q1: What year did John Knox past away?
A1: 1572
Q2: What did John Knox do when he returned to Scotland after studying under Calvin?
A2: to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines
Q3: The church of Scotland was organized by this person, whats his name?
A3: Andrew Melville
Q4: In what year was the Government of church reinstated? 
A4: 1660
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

John Lewis Newcastle (formerly Bainbridge) in Newcastle upon Tyne, is the world's oldest Department Store. It is still known to many of its customers as Bainbridge, despite the name change to 'John Lewis'. The Newcastle institution dates back to 1838 when Emerson Muschamp Bainbridge, aged 21, went into partnership with William Alder Dunn and opened a draper's and fashion in Market Street, Newcastle. In terms of retailing history, one of the most significant facts about the Newcastle Bainbridge shop, is that as early as 1849 weekly takings were recorded by department, making it the earliest of all department stores. This ledger survives and is kept in the John Lewis archives. John Lewis bought the Bainbridge store in 1952.

Q1: What is the former name of John Lewis Newcastle? 
A1: Bainbridge
Q2: What is the world's oldest department store? 
A2: John Lewis Newcastle
Q3: Who partnered with William Alder Dunn to open the first store? 
A3: Emerson Muschamp Bainbridge
Q4: What was the location of the first store? 
A4: Market Street, Newcastle
Q5: When did John Lewis purchase and take over the Bainbridge store?
A5: 1952
Title: Political_philosophy
Topic: History

John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir Robert Filmer's paternally founded political theory in favor of a natural system based on nature in a particular given system. The theory of the divine right of kings became a passing fancy, exposed to the type of ridicule with which John Locke treated it. Unlike Machiavelli and Hobbes but like Aquinas, Locke would accept Aristotle's dictum that man seeks to be happy in a state of social harmony as a social animal. Unlike Aquinas's preponderant view on the salvation of the soul from original sin, Locke believes man's mind comes into this world as tabula rasa. For Locke, knowledge is neither innate, revealed nor based on authority but subject to uncertainty tempered by reason, tolerance and moderation. According to Locke, an absolute ruler as proposed by Hobbes is unnecessary, for natural law is based on reason and seeking peace and survival for man.

Q1: Who was responsible for the work Two Treatises of Government?
A1: John Locke
Q2: Locke refuted whose political theory?
A2: Sir Robert Filmer
Q3: According to Locke, an absolute ruler is proposed by Hobbes is what?
A3: unnecessary
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

John Locke, one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, based his governance philosophy in social contract theory, a subject that permeated Enlightenment political thought. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ushered in this new debate with his work Leviathan in 1651. Hobbes also developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought: the right of the individual; the natural equality of all men; the artificial character of the political order (which led to the later distinction between civil society and the state); the view that all legitimate political power must be "representative" and based on the consent of the people; and a liberal interpretation of law which leaves people free to do whatever the law does not explicitly forbid.

Q1: What did John Locke base his governance philosphy in?
A1: social contract theory
Q2: Which English philosopher wrote Leviathan in 1651?
A2: Thomas Hobbes
Q3: Who developed the view that all legitimate political power must be "representative?"
A3: Thomas Hobbes
Q4: Which of Hobbes' ideas led to the distinction between civil society and the state?
A4: the artificial character of the political order
Title: Pope_John_XXIII
Topic: Philosophy and religion

John XXIII died of peritonitis caused by a perforated stomach at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963 at the age of 81, ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months. He died just as a Mass for him finished in Saint Peter's Square below, celebrated by Luigi Traglia. After he died, his brow was ritually tapped to see if he was dead, and those with him in the room said prayers. Then the room was illuminated, thus informing the people of what had happened. He was buried on 6 June in the Vatican grottos. Two wreaths, placed on the two sides of his tomb, were donated by the prisoners of the Regina Coeli prison and the Mantova jail in Verona. On 22 June 1963, one day after his friend and successor Pope Paul VI was elected, the latter prayed at his tomb.

Q1: What did John XXIII die of?
A1: peritonitis
Q2: What day did he die?
A2: 3 June 1963
Q3: How old was John XXIII upon his death?
A3: 81
Q4: Who celebrated his Mass for him in the square below?
A4: Luigi Traglia
Q5: What day was he buried?
A5: 6 June
Title: Pope_John_XXIII
Topic: Philosophy and religion

John XXIII was an advocate for human rights which included the unborn and the elderly. He wrote about human rights in his Pacem in terris. He wrote, "Man has the right to live. He has the right to bodily integrity and to the means necessary for the proper development of life, particularly food, clothing, shelter, medical care, rest, and, finally, the necessary social services. In consequence, he has the right to be looked after in the event of ill health; disability stemming from his work; widowhood; old age; enforced unemployment; or whenever through no fault of his own he is deprived of the means of livelihood."

Q1: John XXIII was an advocate for what?
A1: human rights
Q2: What did he write about human rights in?
A2: his Pacem in terris
Q3: His advocacy from human rights included whom?
A3: the unborn and the elderly
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

John grew up to be around 5 ft 5 in (1.68 m) tall, relatively short, with a "powerful, barrel-chested body" and dark red hair; he looked to contemporaries like an inhabitant of Poitou. John enjoyed reading and, unusually for the period, built up a travelling library of books. He enjoyed gambling, in particular at backgammon, and was an enthusiastic hunter, even by medieval standards. He liked music, although not songs. John would become a "connoisseur of jewels", building up a large collection, and became famous for his opulent clothes and also, according to French chroniclers, for his fondness for bad wine. As John grew up, he became known for sometimes being "genial, witty, generous and hospitable"; at other moments, he could be jealous, over-sensitive and prone to fits of rage, "biting and gnawing his fingers" in anger.[nb 3]

Q1: How tall was John?
A1: 5 ft 5 in
Q2: What did John build up?
A2: travelling library of books
Q3: Who became a connoisseur of jewels?
A3: John
Q4: What did John do in fits of rage?
A4: biting and gnawing his fingers
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

John had already begun to improve his Channel forces before the loss of Normandy and he rapidly built up further maritime capabilities after its collapse. Most of these ships were placed along the Cinque Ports, but Portsmouth was also enlarged. By the end of 1204 he had around 50 large galleys available; another 54 vessels were built between 1209 and 1212. William of Wrotham was appointed "keeper of the galleys", effectively John's chief admiral. Wrotham was responsible for fusing John's galleys, the ships of the Cinque Ports and pressed merchant vessels into a single operational fleet. John adopted recent improvements in ship design, including new large transport ships called buisses and removable forecastles for use in combat.

Q1: How many galleys were available by the end of 1204?
A1: 50
Q2: 54 vessels were built between what years?
A2: 1209 and 1212
Q3: Who was appointed "keeper of the galleys?"
A3: William of Wrotham
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

John had spent the conflict travelling alongside his father, and was given widespread possessions across the Angevin empire as part of the Montlouis settlement; from then onwards, most observers regarded John as Henry II's favourite child, although he was the furthest removed in terms of the royal succession. Henry II began to find more lands for John, mostly at various nobles' expense. In 1175 he appropriated the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall and gave them to John. The following year, Henry disinherited the sisters of Isabelle of Gloucester, contrary to legal custom, and betrothed John to the now extremely wealthy Isabelle. In 1177, at the Council of Oxford, Henry dismissed William FitzAldelm as the Lord of Ireland and replaced him with the ten-year-old John.

Q1: John spent the conflict traveling alongside who?
A1: his father
Q2: When did Henry II appropriate the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall?
A2: 1175
Q3: Who dismissed William FitzAldelm as the Lord of Ireland?
A3: Henry
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

John inherited a sophisticated system of administration in England, with a range of royal agents answering to the Royal Household: the Chancery kept written records and communications; the Treasury and the Exchequer dealt with income and expenditure respectively; and various judges were deployed to deliver justice around the kingdom. Thanks to the efforts of men like Hubert Walter, this trend towards improved record keeping continued into his reign. Like previous kings, John managed a peripatetic court that travelled around the kingdom, dealing with both local and national matters as he went. John was very active in the administration of England and was involved in every aspect of government. In part he was following in the tradition of Henry I and Henry II, but by the 13th century the volume of administrative work had greatly increased, which put much more pressure on a king who wished to rule in this style. John was in England for much longer periods than his predecessors, which made his rule more personal than that of previous kings, particularly in previously ignored areas such as the north.

Q1: What did John inherit in England?
A1: sophisticated system of administration
Q2: Who dealt with income and expenditure?
A2: the Treasury and the Exchequer
Q3: John followed in the tradition of who?
A3: Henry I and Henry II
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

John initially adopted a defensive posture similar to that of 1199: avoiding open battle and carefully defending his key castles. John's operations became more chaotic as the campaign progressed, and Philip began to make steady progress in the east. John became aware in July that Arthur's forces were threatening his mother, Eleanor, at Mirebeau Castle. Accompanied by William de Roches, his seneschal in Anjou, he swung his mercenary army rapidly south to protect her. His forces caught Arthur by surprise and captured the entire rebel leadership at the battle of Mirebeau. With his southern flank weakening, Philip was forced to withdraw in the east and turn south himself to contain John's army.

Q1: Who accompanied John?
A1: William de Roches
Q2: Why was Philip forced to withdraw in the east?
A2: southern flank weakening
Q3: Who was caught by surprised?
A3: Arthur