LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

Although the ECB is governed by European law directly and thus not by corporate law applying to private law companies, its set-up resembles that of a corporation in the sense that the ECB has shareholders and stock capital. Its capital is five billion euros which is held by the national central banks of the member states as shareholders. The initial capital allocation key was determined in 1998 on the basis of the states' population and GDP, but the key is adjustable. Shares in the ECB are not transferable and cannot be used as collateral.

Q1: What governs the ECB?
A1: European law
Q2: How does the ECB mimic a corporation?
A2: shareholders and stock capital
Q3: How much does the ECB have as capital?
A3: five billion euros
Q4: Who holds the ECB's capital?
A4: the national central banks of the member states as shareholders
Q5: What determined the ECB's initial capital?
A5: the basis of the states' population and GDP
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.[citation needed]

Q1: Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages?
A1: Germanic languages
Q2: What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary?
A2: Low Saxon
Q3: When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language?
A3: during the period of German rule
Q4: From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary?
A4: High German
Q5: Standard German is part of what Germanic language?
A5: High German
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and German, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.

Q1: What language does Estonian share similar words with?
A1: Germanic
Q2: What proportion of vocabulary did Estonia borrow from Germany?
A2: nearly one third
Q3: What standard language did Estonia adopt during German rule?
A3: High German
Q4: What percentage of the Estonia language includes Low Saxon words?
A4: about 15 percent
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

Although the Estonian orthography is generally guided by phonemic principles, with each grapheme corresponding to one phoneme, there are some historical and morphological deviations from this: for example preservation of the morpheme in declension of the word (writing b, g, d in places where p, k, t is pronounced) and in the use of 'i' and 'j'.[clarification needed] Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž, they are substituted with sh and zh in some written texts, although this is considered incorrect. Otherwise, the h in sh represents a voiceless glottal fricative, as in Pasha (pas-ha); this also applies to some foreign names.

Q1: What principles usually govern the Estonian orthography?
A1: phonemic principles
Q2: To how many phoneme's does each grapheme correspond?
A2: one
Q3: What type of deviations are there from the single phoneme to each grapheme general principle?
A3: some historical and morphological deviations
Q4: On what occasions are š and ž replaced with sh and zh?
A4: Where it is very impractical or impossible to type š and ž
Q5: What is an example of a word containing a voiceless glottal fricative?
A5: Pasha (pas-ha)
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, respectively. However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings.

Q1: What were the two proto-political parties?
A1: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party
Q2: In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin?
A2: 1816
Q3: What did the founding fathers not intend American politics to become?
A3: partisan
Q4: Who were the leaders of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties?
A4: Framers Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Although the Israelites were divided into Twelve Tribes, the Jews (being one offshoot of the Israelites, another being the Samaritans) are traditionally said to descend mostly from the Israelite tribes of Judah (from where the Jews derive their ethnonym) and Benjamin, and partially from the tribe of Levi, who had together formed the ancient Kingdom of Judah, and the remnants of the northern Kingdom of Israel who migrated to the Kingdom of Judah and assimilated after the 720s BCE, when the Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

Q1: What group was divided into Twelve Tribes?
A1: Israelites
Q2: When was the Kingdom of Israel conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire?
A2: after the 720s BCE
Q3: From where do the Jews derive their ethonynm?
A3: Israelite tribes of Judah
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

Although the Jewish people in general were present across a wide geographical area as described, genetic research done by Gil Atzmon of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine suggests "that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of the destruction of the First Temple, 2,500 years ago ... flourished during the Roman Empire but then went through a 'severe bottleneck' as they dispersed, reducing a population of several million to just 400 families who left Northern Italy around the year 1000 for Central and eventually Eastern Europe."

Q1: Researcher Gil Atzmon suggests that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of what?
A1: the destruction of the First Temple
Q2: The destruction of the First Temple was how many years ago?
A2: 2,500 years ago
Q3: It is estimated that 400 families left Northern Italy around what year?
A3: 1000
Q4: Ashkenazi families that left Northern Italy went where?
A4: Central and eventually Eastern Europe
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

Although the LaserDisc format was supplanted by DVD by the late 1990s, many LD titles are still highly coveted by movie enthusiasts (for example, Disney's Song of the South which is unavailable in the US in any format, but was issued in Japan on LD). This is largely because there are many films that are still only available on LD and many other LD releases contain supplemental material not available on subsequent DVD versions of those films. Until the end of 2001, many titles were released on VHS, LD, and DVD in Japan.

Q1: By what year had DVD taken over the LaserDisc market?
A1: late 1990s
Q2: Which collector group highly values LaserDisc for their rareness?
A2: movie enthusiasts
Q3: Until the end of what year were movies released in VHS, LD, and DVD in Japan?
A3: 2001
Q4: What country was the only to receive a LD release of Disney's Song of the South?
A4: Japan
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacBook Air. The Air has been the best-selling ultra-portable in certain countries over Windows Ultrabooks, particularly the United States. While several Ultrabooks were able to claim individual distinctions such as being the lightest or thinnest, the Air was regarded by reviewers as the best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable in regard to "OS X experience, full keyboard, superior trackpad, Thunderbolt connector and the higher-quality, all-aluminum unibody construction". The Air was among the first to receive Intel's latest CPUs before other PC manufacturers, and OS X has gained market share on Windows in recent years. Through July 1, 2013, the MacBook Air took in 56 percent of all Ultrabook sales in the United States, although being one of the higher-priced competitors, though several Ultrabooks with better features were often more expensive than the MacBook Air. The competitive pricing of MacBooks was particularly effective when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks, as this contradicted the established "elitist aura" perception that Apple products cost more but were higher quality, which made these most expensive Ultrabooks seem exorbitant no matter how valid their higher prices were.

Q1: What has been the best-selling ultra-portable over Windows Ultrabooks in the U.S.?
A1: MacBook Air
Q2: What earned the title as best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable?
A2: MacBook Air
Q3: What did the Air receive before other PC manufacturers?
A3: Intel's latest CPUs
Q4: Through 7/1/13, what percentage of all Ultrabook sales in the U.S. were MacBook Airs?
A4: 56
Q5: When was the competetive pricing of MacBooks especially effective?
A5: when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Although the Palaeologi emperors recaptured Constantinople from the Western Europeans in 1261, they were never able to regain control of much of the former imperial lands. They usually controlled only a small section of the Balkan Peninsula near Constantinople, the city itself, and some coastal lands on the Black Sea and around the Aegean Sea. The former Byzantine lands in the Balkans were divided between the new Kingdom of Serbia, the Second Bulgarian Empire and the city-state of Venice. The power of the Byzantine emperors was threatened by a new Turkish tribe, the Ottomans, who established themselves in Anatolia in the 13th century and steadily expanded throughout the 14th century. The Ottomans expanded into Europe, reducing Bulgaria to a vassal state by 1366 and taking over Serbia after its defeat at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. Western Europeans rallied to the plight of the Christians in the Balkans and declared a new crusade in 1396; a great army was sent to the Balkans, where it was defeated at the Battle of Nicopolis. Constantinople was finally captured by the Ottomans in 1453.

Q1: Emperors from what dynasty recaptured Constantinople in 1261?
A1: Palaeologi
Q2: Along with the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia, what polity controlled the former Byzantine Balkan lands?
A2: Venice
Q3: What tribe of Turks emerged in 13th century Anatolia?
A3: Ottomans
Q4: In what year did Bulgaria become a vassal of the Ottomans?
A4: 1366
Q5: Who was defeated at the Battle of Kosovo?
A5: Serbia
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Although the Reformation was a religious movement, it also had a strong impact on all other aspects of life: marriage and family, education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy, and the arts. Protestant churches reject the idea of a celibate priesthood and thus allow their clergy to marry. Many of their families contributed to the development of intellectual elites in their countries. Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops), in most Protestant churches.

Q1: What religious movement affected education, politics, the economy, and marriage?
A1: the Reformation
Q2: What churches let their clergy marry?
A2: Protestant
Q3: When did women join the Protestant ministry?
A3: 1950
Q4: What types of churches have women had leading positions?
A4: Protestant
Q5: What priesthood rules do Protestant churches reject?
A5: celibate
Title: Armenia
Topic: History

Although the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces commanded by Nikolai Yudenich and Armenians in volunteer units and Armenian militia led by Andranik Ozanian and Tovmas Nazarbekian succeeded in gaining most of Ottoman Armenia during World War I, their gains were lost with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.[citation needed] At the time, Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan attempted to bond together in the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. This federation, however, lasted from only February to May 1918, when all three parties decided to dissolve it. As a result, the Dashnaktsutyun government of Eastern Armenia declared its independence on 28 May as the First Republic of Armenia under the leadership of Aram Manukian.

Q1: Who was in charge of the Russian Caucasus Army of Imperial forces?
A1: Nikolai Yudenich
Q2: Who was the leader of the Armenian militia?
A2: Andranik Ozanian
Q3: When was the Bolshevik Revolution? 
A3: 1917
Q4: Who formed the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic?
A4: Eastern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan
Q5: When did the Dashnaktsutyun declare independence?
A5: May 1918
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as "King of the Ralik Islands," on October 15.

Q1: What nation had a claim on the Marshall Islands as of 1874?
A1: the Spanish Empire
Q2: What nation formed a protectorate over the Marshall Islands?
A2: the German Empire
Q3: What nation asserted their rights over the Gilbert and Ellice islands?
A3: Britain
Q4: On what ship did German ambassadors arrive in the Marshall Islands?
A4: SMS Nautilus
Q5: What title did the Germans give to Kabua?
A5: King of the Ralik Islands
Title: Political_party
Topic: Social sciences and society

Although the Tories were dismissed from office for half a century, for most of this period (at first under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham), the Tories retained party cohesion, with occasional hopes of regaining office, particularly at the accession of George II (1727) and the downfall of the ministry of Sir Robert Walpole in 1742. They acted as a united, though unavailing, opposition to Whig corruption and scandals. At times they cooperated with the "Opposition Whigs", Whigs who were in opposition to the Whig government; however, the ideological gap between the Tories and the Opposition Whigs prevented them from coalescing as a single party. They finally regained power with the accession of George III in 1760 under Lord Bute.

Q1: Who did the Tories oppose?
A1: Whigs
Q2: Who did the Tories occasionally cooperate with?
A2: the "Opposition Whigs"
Q3: When did the Tories regain power?
A3: 1760
Q4: For how long were the Tories dismissed from office?
A4: half a century
Q5: Why could the Tories and the Opposition Whigs never form a single party?
A5: ideological gap
Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Topic: Language and literature

Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.

Q1: What language is spoken in the U.S.A?
A1: English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere.
Q2: Is there such a thing as bilingual state?
A2: Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents
Q3: Do American Hispanics speak English in the home?
A3: there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.
Q4: Is there an official language of the United States?
A4: United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

Although the advance in the Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the Battle of Imphal, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In the middle of 1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force invaded northern Burma from Yunnan province. They captured a fortified position at Mount Song. By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon rains, the NCAC had secured a vital airfield at Myitkyina (August 1944), which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over "The Hump".

Q1: What battle was the advance in the Arakan halted to release troops for?
A1: Battle of Imphal
Q2: Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma?
A2: Chindits
Q3: When did the Chinese invade northern Burma?
A3: middle of 1944
Q4: What fortified position was captured by the Chinese Expeditionary Force?
A4: Mount Song
Q5: What airfield was taken by the NCAC in August, 1944?
A5: Myitkyina
Title: Glass
Topic: Art and architecture

Although the atomic structure of glass shares characteristics of the structure in a supercooled liquid, glass tends to behave as a solid below its glass transition temperature. A supercooled liquid behaves as a liquid, but it is below the freezing point of the material, and in some cases will crystallize almost instantly if a crystal is added as a core. The change in heat capacity at a glass transition and a melting transition of comparable materials are typically of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the change in active degrees of freedom is comparable as well. Both in a glass and in a crystal it is mostly only the vibrational degrees of freedom that remain active, whereas rotational and translational motion is arrested. This helps to explain why both crystalline and non-crystalline solids exhibit rigidity on most experimental time scales.

Q1: Atomically, glass is similar to what?
A1: a supercooled liquid
Q2: What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature?
A2: A supercooled liquid
Q3: Despite its atomic structure, cooled glass acts like what?
A3: a solid
Q4: In cooled glass, what types of movement stop?
A4: rotational and translational
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

Although the campaign was criticized in Australia at the time, and in subsequent years, as pointless or a "waste" of the lives of soldiers, it did achieve a number of objectives, such as increasing the isolation of significant Japanese forces occupying the main part of the Dutch East Indies, capturing major oil supplies and freeing Allied prisoners of war, who were being held in deteriorating conditions. At one of the very worst sites, around Sandakan in Borneo, only six of some 2,500 British and Australian prisoners survived.

Q1: How many British and Australian prisoners survived out of about 2500 around Sandakan?
A1: six
Q2: Sandakan was located in what providence?
A2: Borneo
Title: Hyderabad
Topic: Geography and places

Although the city is not particularly noted for theatre and drama, the state government promotes theatre with multiple programmes and festivals in such venues as the Ravindra Bharati, Shilpakala Vedika and Lalithakala Thoranam. Although not a purely music oriented event, Numaish, a popular annual exhibition of local and national consumer products, does feature some musical performances. The city is home to the Telugu film industry, popularly known as Tollywood and as of 2012[update], produces the second largest number of films in India behind Bollywood. Films in the local Hyderabadi dialect are also produced and have been gaining popularity since 2005. The city has also hosted international film festivals such as the International Children's Film Festival and the Hyderabad International Film Festival. In 2005, Guinness World Records declared Ramoji Film City to be the world's largest film studio.

Q1: What type of art might one encounter at Lalithakala Thoranam?
A1: theatre and drama
Q2: What is Numaish?
A2: annual exhibition of local and national consumer products
Q3: What is a popular name for the Telugu film industry?
A3: Tollywood
Q4: Where was the Telugu film industry ranked in 2012 in India in comparison to Bollywood?
A4: second largest
Q5: What did Guinness World Records say of Ramoji Film City was in 20015?
A5: world's largest film studio
Title: Charleston,_South_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers.

Q1: What city became the state capital of South Carolina?
A1: Columbia
Q2: Charleston was the state capital of South Carolina until what year?
A2: 1786
Q3: In what year was the cotton gin invented?
A3: 1793
Q4: What became South Carolina's major export commodity after 1793?
A4: cotton
Q5: Who made up most of the primary labor force of cotton plantations? 
A5: Slaves
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Although the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mary "prepurified" in their poetic and credal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem. In other places Sophronius explains that the Theotokos was already immaculate, when she was "purified" at the Annunciation and goes so far as to note that John the Baptist is literally "holier than all 'Men' born of woman" since Mary's surpassing holiness signifies that she was holier than even John after his sanctification in utero. Sophronius' teaching is augmented and incorporated by St. John Damascene (d. 749/750). John, besides many passages wherein he extolls the Theotokos for her purification at the Annunciation, grants her the unique honor of "purifying the waters of baptism by touching them." This honor was most famously and firstly attributed to Christ, especially in the legacy of Nazianzen. As such, Nazianzen's assertion of parallel holiness between the prepurified Mary and purified Jesus of the New Testament is made even more explicit in Damascene in his discourse on Mary's holiness to also imitate Christ's baptism at the Jordan. The Damascene's hymnongraphy and De fide Orthodoxa explicitly use Mary's "pre purification" as a key to understanding her absolute holiness and unsullied human nature. In fact, Damascene (along with Nazianzen) serves as the source for nearly all subsequent promotion of Mary's complete holiness from her Conception by the "all pure seed" of Joachim and the womb "wider than heaven" of St. Ann.

Q1: Where did the majority of the concepts of Mary's birth show themselves the most ?
A1: Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians
Q2: What Byzantine Ruler ho ruled from from 527 to 565 was also a well trained thinker of concepts ?
A2: Emperor Justinian I,
Q3: In what way did this Ruler refer to Mary  in his writings ?
A3: to call Mary "prepurified"
Q4: What event happened to Theotokos that was of significant religious note ?
A4: she was "purified" at the Annunciation
Q5: How did some view the the person whose name includes a Christian rite of passage from the Bible? 
A5: holier than all 'Men' born of woman
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Although the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg while those historically most strongly opposed have been the United Kingdom, Denmark and France (with conservative presidents and governments). Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995), the French authorities have adopted a much more pro-European Unification position, as they consider that a strong EU is presenting the best "insurance" against a unified Germany which might become too strong and thus a threat for its neighbours.

Q1: Who is the strongest advocate of the European Federalism?
A1: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg
Q2: Who opposed the European Federalism? 
A2: United Kingdom, Denmark and France
Q3: When did the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position? 
A3: Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995
Title: Great_Plains
Topic: History

Although the eastern image of farm life in the prairies emphasized the isolation of the lonely farmer and wife, plains residents created busy social lives for themselves. They often sponsored activities that combined work, food and entertainment such as barn raisings, corn huskings, quilting bees, Grange meetings, church activities and school functions. Women organized shared meals and potluck events, as well as extended visits between families. The Grange was a nationwide farmers' organization, they reserved high offices for women, and gave them a voice in public affairs.

Q1: who usually organized shared meals and potluck events?
A1: Women
Title: Alloy
Topic: Mathematics

Although the elements usually must be soluble in the liquid state, they may not always be soluble in the solid state. If the metals remain soluble when solid, the alloy forms a solid solution, becoming a homogeneous structure consisting of identical crystals, called a phase. If the mixture cools and the constituents become insoluble, they may separate to form two or more different types of crystals, creating a heterogeneous microstructure of different phases. However, in other alloys, the insoluble elements may not separate until after crystallization occurs. These alloys are called intermetallic alloys because, if cooled very quickly, they first crystallize as a homogeneous phase, but they are supersaturated with the secondary constituents. As time passes, the atoms of these supersaturated alloys separate within the crystals, forming intermetallic phases that serve to reinforce the crystals internally.

Q1: What causes an alloy to form a solid solution?
A1: If the metals remain soluble when solid
Q2: What is the purpose of intermetallic phases?
A2: to reinforce the crystals internally
Q3: What are alloys called when the insoluble elements don't separate until after crystallization occurs?
A3: intermetallic alloys
Title: Galicia_(Spain)
Topic: Geography and places

Although the etymology of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors like Isidore of Seville —who wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls", relating the name to the Greek word for milk—, currently scholars derive the name of the ancient Callaeci either from Proto-Indo-European *kal-n-eH2 'hill', through a local relational suffix -aik-, so meaning 'the hill (people)'; or either from Proto-Celtic *kallī- 'forest', so meaning 'the forest (people)'. In any case, Galicia, being per se a derivation of the ethnic name Kallaikói, would mean 'the land of the Galicians'.

Q1: Which author wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls"?
A1: Isidore
Q2: Which original ethnic name is "Galicia" derived from?
A2: Kallaikói
Q3: What does Galicia's name mean?
A3: the land of the Galicians
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Although the existence of dictionaries and encyclopedias spanned into ancient times, the texts changed from simply defining words in a long running list to far more detailed discussions of those words in 18th-century encyclopedic dictionaries. The works were part of an Enlightenment movement to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite. As the 18th century progressed, the content of encyclopedias also changed according to readers' tastes. Volumes tended to focus more strongly on secular affairs, particularly science and technology, rather than matters of theology.

Q1: How did dictionaries and encyclopedias change in the 18th century?
A1: from simply defining words in a long running list to far more detailed discussions of those words
Q2: What movement were dictionaries and encyclopedias trying to promote?
A2: to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite
Q3: How did the content of encyclopedias change in the 18th century?
A3: tended to focus more strongly on secular affairs, particularly science and technology, rather than matters of theology
Q4: Encyclopedias in the 18th century tended to focus more strongly on what topics, rather than theology?
A4: secular affairs, particularly science and technology
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Although the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limit target opportunities, and critical systems may be armored in aircraft designed for the ground attack role. Adaptations of the standard autocannon, originally intended for air-to-ground use, and heavier artillery systems were commonly used for most anti-aircraft gunnery, starting with standard pieces on new mountings, and evolving to specially designed guns with much higher performance prior to World War II.

Q1: What did the muzzle flashes of the firearms used by the infantry reveal?
A1: infantry positions
Q2: Along with speed of the modern jet, what else limits target opportunities?
A2: altitude
Q3: Heavier artillery systems were typically used for what?
A3: most anti-aircraft gunnery
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming. It also remained a largely obscure format in Europe and Australia. By contrast, the format was much more popular in Japan and in the more affluent regions of Southeast Asia, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, being the prevalent rental video medium in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Its superior video and audio quality did make it a somewhat popular choice among videophiles and film enthusiasts during its lifespan.

Q1: Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS?
A1: higher-quality
Q2: Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America?
A2: high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming
Q3: With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality?
A3: videophiles and film enthusiasts
Q4: In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s?
A4: Hong Kong
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.

Q1: When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena?
A1: 1792
Q2: The emancipation of the slaves of Saint Helena did not take place until what year?
A2: 1827
Q3: Who banned slavery in their colonies?
A3: British Parliament
Q4: Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena?
A4: 800
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas and led to a more creative university climate (as the notable list of scholars above attests to). A focus on knowledge coming from self, from the human, has a direct implication for new forms of scholarship and instruction, and was the foundation for what is commonly known as the humanities. This disposition toward knowledge manifested in not simply the translation and propagation of ancient texts, but also their adaptation and expansion. For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research. The propagation of these texts, especially within the universities, was greatly aided by the emergence of the printing press and the beginning of the use of the vernacular, which allowed for the printing of relatively large texts at reasonable prices.

Q1: Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar?
A1: humanist
Q2: A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study?
A2: the humanities
Q3: What work did Vesalius push the study of?
A3: Galen
Q4: What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities?
A4: the printing press
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was "very blitzy".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that:

Q1: With the intense bomb what did not happen as great as prewar predictions expected?
A1: psychiatric crisis
Q2: What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit?
A2: American
Q3: People called the raids very blitzy like they were talking about what?
A3: weather
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

Although the majority of journeys involving central London are made by public transport, car travel is common in the suburbs. The inner ring road (around the city centre), the North and South Circular roads (in the suburbs), and the outer orbital motorway (the M25, outside the built-up area) encircle the city and are intersected by a number of busy radial routes—but very few motorways penetrate into inner London. A plan for a comprehensive network of motorways throughout the city (the Ringways Plan) was prepared in the 1960s but was mostly cancelled in the early 1970s. The M25 is the longest ring-road motorway in the world at 121.5 mi (195.5 km) long. The A1 and M1 connect London to Leeds, and Newcastle and Edinburgh.

Q1: What type of roadway is widely recognizable in the center of London?
A1: The inner ring road
Q2: What failed plan to install a major network of roadways within the City of London were eventually scrapped in the 1970s?
A2: the Ringways Plan
Q3: London is connected to Leeds, Newcastle, and Edinburgh through what motorways?
A3: The A1 and M1
Q4: How long is the M25 motorway?
A4: 121.5 mi (195.5 km)
Q5: Automobile transportation is primarily used in what areas of London?
A5: the suburbs
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act.

Q1: What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license?
A1: pubs
Q2: By the end of what century were most beer houses closed?
A2: 19th
Q3: Where are purpose-built pubs typically located?
A3: corners or road junctions
Q4: What modern brewers often first began as beer houses?
A4: real ale micro-brewers
Title: Gene
Topic: Natural sciences

Although the number of base-pairs of DNA in the human genome has been known since the 1960s, the estimated number of genes has changed over time as definitions of genes, and methods of detecting them have been refined. Initial theoretical predictions of the number of human genes were as high as 2,000,000. Early experimental measures indicated there to be 50,000–100,000 transcribed genes (expressed sequence tags). Subsequently, the sequencing in the Human Genome Project indicated that many of these transcripts were alternative variants of the same genes, and the total number of protein-coding genes was revised down to ~20,000 with 13 genes encoded on the mitochondrial genome. Of the human genome, only 1–2% consists of protein-coding genes, with the remainder being 'noncoding' DNA such as introns, retrotransposons, and noncoding RNAs.

Q1: Since when has the number of base pairs of DNA in the human genome been known?
A1: the 1960s
Q2: What was the highest initial theoretical prediction of the number of human genes?
A2: 2,000,000
Q3: What sort of variants did the Human Genome Project indicate that many of the measured transcripts were?
A3: alternative variants
Q4: After the Human Genome Project, how many genes were encoded on the mitochondrial genome?
A4: 13
Q5: What percentage of the human genome consists of protein coding genes?
A5: 1–2%
Title: List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan
Topic: Geography and places

Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in the East Village, they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village, which already had streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. Streets that do continue farther west change direction before reaching the Hudson River. The grid covers the length of the island from 14th Street north.

Q1: The grid covers the length of the island from what starting point?
A1: 14th Street north
Q2: Which street do numbered streets begin just north of?
A2: East Houston Street
Q3: In what village is East Houston Street located?
A3: East Village
Q4: Which Village already had streets when the grid plan was laid out?
A4: Greenwich Village
Q5: Who laid out the Grid Plan?
A5: Commissioners' Plan of 1811
Title: Guinea-Bissau
Topic: Geography and places

Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would-be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the port of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau's inland rivers.

Q1: What areas were the first places colonized by the Portuguese?
A1: the rivers and coast
Q2: When did the Portuguese first set up trading posts in Guinea-Bissau?
A2: 16th century
Q3: When did the Portuguese explore the interior of Guinea-Bissau?
A3: 19th century
Q4: Who controlled the inland trade in Guinea-Bissau during this time?
A4: local African rulers
Q5: What ports were the Portuguese restricted to?
A5: Bissau and Cacheu
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

Although the same basic components are present in all vertebrate brains, some branches of vertebrate evolution have led to substantial distortions of brain geometry, especially in the forebrain area. The brain of a shark shows the basic components in a straightforward way, but in teleost fishes (the great majority of existing fish species), the forebrain has become "everted", like a sock turned inside out. In birds, there are also major changes in forebrain structure. These distortions can make it difficult to match brain components from one species with those of another species.

Q1: The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes?
A1: teleost fishes
Q2: Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species?
A2: forebrain area
Title: Identity_(social_science)
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Although the self is distinct from identity, the literature of self-psychology can offer some insight into how identity is maintained (Cote & Levin 2002, p. 24). From the vantage point of self-psychology, there are two areas of interest: the processes by which a self is formed (the "I"), and the actual content of the schemata which compose the self-concept (the "Me"). In the latter field, theorists have shown interest in relating the self-concept to self-esteem, the differences between complex and simple ways of organizing self-knowledge, and the links between those organizing principles and the processing of information (Cote & Levin 2002).

Q1: What is distinct from the self?
A1: identity
Q2: What can the literature of self-psychology offer insight into?
A2: how identity is maintained
Q3: What have theorists shown interest in relating to the self-concept?
A3: self-esteem
Q4: The I and the Me are two areas of interest in what?
A4: self-psychology
Title: University
Topic: Language and literature

Although the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty "masters," provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teaching addressed a very specific curriculum; this model tended to train specialists. There was a collegiate or tutorial model based on the system at University of Oxford where teaching and organization was decentralized and knowledge was more of a generalist nature. There were also universities that combined these models, using the collegiate model but having a centralized organization.

Q1: What were the faculty who supervised students in the University of Paris called?
A1: masters
Q2: The structure of the University of Paris served as what for other universities?
A2: a standard
Q3: How many styles did the University of Paris model end up taking when applied to other universities?
A3: at least three
Q4: Which university had teaching which was more general, and not centralized?
A4: University of Oxford
Q5: What type of student did schools that focus on very specific topics aim to create?
A5: specialists
Title: Frédéric_Chopin
Topic: Music

Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other, their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship. Harold C. Schonberg believes that Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano, and others have also argued that he had become enchanted with Liszt's theatricality, showmanship and success. Liszt was the dedicatee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études, and his performance of them prompted the composer to write to Hiller, "I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies." However, Chopin expressed annoyance in 1843 when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes with the addition of numerous intricate embellishments, at which Chopin remarked that he should play the music as written or not play it at all, forcing an apology. Most biographers of Chopin state that after this the two had little to do with each other, although in his letters dated as late as 1848 he still referred to him as "my friend Liszt". Some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives which led to a rift between them; there are claims that Liszt had displayed jealousy of his mistress Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin, while others believe that Chopin had become concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with George Sand.

Q1: What term describes the qualities of the relationship between Frédéric and Liszt?
A1: love-hate relationship
Q2: What three qualities of Liszt are stated to have captivated Frédéric?
A2: theatricality, showmanship and success
Q3: What did Frédéric receive from Liszt when the latter performed a nocturne with certain embellishments added?
A3: an apology
Q4: What did Frédéric introduce Liszt as in when referring to him in his letters up to 1848?
A4: my friend Liszt
Q5: What piece did Chopin dedicate to Liszt?
A5: Op. 10 Études
Q6: What was the name of Liszt's mistress?
A6: Marie d'Agoult
Q7: Who did Chopin dedicate the Op. 10 Études to?
A7: Liszt
Q8: Who apologized to Chopin for adding embellishments to a musical piece he perforemed that was written by Chopin?
A8: Liszt
Q9: What was the name of Liszt's mistress?
A9: Marie d'Agoult
Q10: Who did Chopin write to displaying his desire to take away a performers ability to play his music?
A10: Hiller
Q11: What was the name of the man who biogrpahers think Chopin was concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with?
A11: George Sand