LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms.

Q1: What kind program is commonly used to move files between iTunes and an iPod?
A1: iTunes
Q2: What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod?
A2: third-party
Q3: Rather than copying media files directly to it, what software must be used for this purpose so that they are accessible?
A3: iTunes
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Unlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered misleading, as Mahāyāna considers these merely a preliminary, and not a core, teaching. The Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the āgamas (though theoretically they recognize them) and they play no part in the religious life of either clergy or laity in China and Japan. Other scholars say there is no universally accepted common core. The size and complexity of the Buddhist canons have been seen by some (including Buddhist social reformer Babasaheb Ambedkar) as presenting barriers to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy.

Q1: Unlike most religions, Buddhism has no single central what?
A1: text
Q2: Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the what?
A2: āgamas
Q3: Some scholars say there is no universally accepted common what?
A3: core
Q4: What has been seen by some as a hinderance to understanding Buddhist philosophy?
A4: size and complexity of the Buddhist canons
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions has developed to an extent that the varieties of the spoken language are often mutually unintelligible. As a series of migration to the south throughout the history, the regional languages of the south, including Xiang, Wu, Gan, Min, Yue (Cantonese), and Hakka often show traces of Old Chinese or Middle Chinese. From the Ming dynasty onward, Beijing has been the capital of China and the dialect spoken in Beijing has had the most prestige among other varieties. With the founding of the Republic of China, Standard Mandarin was designated as the official language, based on the spoken language of Beijing. Since then, other spoken varieties are regarded as fangyan (dialects). Cantonese is still the most commonly used language in Hong Kong, Macau and among some overseas Chinese communities, whereas Southern Min has been accepted in Taiwan as an important local language along with Mandarin.

Q1: From what did Chinese characters derive?
A1: logograms
Q2: What is another name for the Yue language?
A2: Cantonese
Q3: Hakka is a language from what geographic part of China?
A3: the south
Q4: From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China?
A4: Beijing
Q5: At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China?
A5: Standard Mandarin
Title: Strasbourg
Topic: Geography and places

Unlike most other cities, Strasbourg's collections of European art are divided into several museums according not only to type and area, but also to epoch. Old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories and until 1681 are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, old master paintings from all the rest of Europe (including the Dutch Rhenish territories) and until 1871 as well as old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories between 1681 and 1871 are displayed in the Musée des Beaux-Arts. Old master graphic arts until 1871 is displayed in the Cabinet des estampes et dessins. Decorative arts until 1681 ("German period") are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, decorative arts from 1681 to 1871 ("French period") are displayed in the Musée des Arts décoratifs. International art (painting, sculpture, graphic arts) and decorative art since 1871 is displayed in the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain. The latter museum also displays the city's photographic library.

Q1: Where are old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories until 1681 held? 
A1: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame
Q2: Where are old master graphic arts until 1871 displayed?
A2: Cabinet des estampes et dessins
Q3: Where are decorative arts until 1681 displayed?
A3: Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame
Q4: Where is the city's photographic library?
A4: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain
Q5: Where is the international art since 1871 displayed?
A5: Musée d'art moderne et contemporain
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

Unlike other European nations, the Dutch chose not to follow a policy of language expansion amongst the indigenous peoples of their colonies. In the last quarter of the 19th century, however, a local elite gained proficiency in Dutch so as to meet the needs of expanding bureaucracy and business. Nevertheless, the Dutch government remained reluctant to teach Dutch on a large scale for fear of destabilising the colony. Dutch, the language of power, was supposed to remain in the hands of the leading elite.

Q1: Towards the end of what century did it become important for more people in Dutch colonies to speak Dutch?
A1: 19th
Q2: What VIP segment of the population in Dutch colonies learned Dutch to participate in business and government?
A2: local elite
Q3: What was the Dutch government afraid of doing if they taught their colonies Dutch?
A3: destabilising the colony
Q4: Leaders wanted to hang onto knowledge of the Dutch language because it's the language of what?
A4: power
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

Unlike other Germanic languages, Dutch doesn't have phonological aspiration of consonants. Like English, Dutch did not participate in the second consonant shift. Like most Germanic languages, the Dutch consonant system did not undergo the High German consonant shift and has a syllable structure that allows fairly complex consonant clusters. Dutch also retains full use of the velar fricatives that were present in Proto-Germanic, but lost or modified in many other Germanic languages. Dutch has final-obstruent devoicing: at the end of a word, voicing distinction is neutralised and all obstruents are pronounced voiceless. For example, goede ("good") is /ˈɣudə/ but the related form goed is /ɣut/. Dutch shares with German Final-obstruent devoicing (Du brood [broːt] and German Brot vs Eng bread).

Q1: What sound does Dutch still use from Proto-Germanic that was phased out in other Germanic languages?
A1: velar fricatives
Q2: Along with English, what pronunciation shift did Dutch not undergo?
A2: the second consonant shift
Q3: How are obstruents pronounced at the end of Dutch words?
A3: voiceless
Q4: How would you say "good" in Dutch?
A4: goede
Q5: What language other than Dutch also employs final-obstruent devoicing?
A5: German
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

Unlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but they should be used carefully. Therefore, in general, each of the different "sizes" requires four different connectors; USB cables have the Type-A and Type-B plugs, and the corresponding receptacles are on the computer or electronic device. In common practice, the Type-A connector is usually the full size, and the Type-B side can vary as needed.

Q1: What are the different kinds of USB connectors?
A1: Type-A or a Type-B
Q2: Why were the designs for different USB connectors made?
A2: to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment
Q3: The Type-A connector is usually what size?
A3: the Type-A connector is usually the full size
Q4: What size is the Type-B connector?
A4: the Type-B side can vary as needed
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural evolution, and indicate selection on both morphology and behavior during dog domestication. These genes have been shown to have an impact on the catecholamine synthesis pathway, with the majority of the genes affecting the fight-or-flight response (i.e. selection for tameness), and emotional processing. Dogs generally show reduced fear and aggression compared to wolves. Some of these genes have been associated with aggression in some dog breeds, indicating their importance in both the initial domestication and then later in breed formation.

Q1: Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what?
A1: behaviors.
Q2: How many "fixed" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog?
A2: 11
Q3: The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication?
A3: morphology and behavior
Q4: What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding?
A4: tameness
Q5: What do most dogs show less of than wolves?
A5: fear and aggression
Q6: Most domestic animals were selected for what traits?
A6: production-related traits
Q7: Why were dogs initially selected?
A7: for their behaviors.
Q8: For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation?
A8: 11
Q9: Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves?
A9: aggression
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

Unlike other new communist states in east-central Europe, Yugoslavia liberated itself from Axis domination with limited direct support from the Red Army. Tito's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people, but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons (and pressures) to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control. Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.[citation needed]

Q1: Who had a leading role in liberating Yugoslavia?
A1: Tito
Q2: Who was Tito formally an ally of after WWII?
A2: Stalin
Q3: Who set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party?
A3: Soviets
Q4: As early as what year was a spy ring set up in the Yugoslav party?
A4: 1945
Q5: From what domination did Yugoslavia liberate itself?
A5: Axis
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 8 was distributed at retail in "Upgrade" licenses only, which require an existing version of Windows to install. The "full version software" SKU, which was more expensive but could be installed on computers without an eligible OS or none at all, was discontinued. In lieu of full version, a specialized "System Builder" SKU was introduced. The "System Builder" SKU replaced the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) SKU, which was only allowed to be used on PCs meant for resale, but added a "Personal Use License" exemption that officially allowed its purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers.

Q1: What restrictions do Windows upgrade licenses have?
A1: require an existing version of Windows to install
Q2: What did Windows offer in place of a full version of the software?
A2: specialized "System Builder" SKU
Q3: What did the System Builder SKU take the place of?
A3: (OEM) SKU
Q4: What does OEM stand for?
A4: original equipment manufacturer
Q5: What did the Personal Use License allow?
A5: purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers
Title: BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System
Topic: Engineering and technology

Unlike the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, and European Galileo systems, which use medium Earth orbit satellites, BeiDou-1 uses satellites in geostationary orbit. This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible. The area that can be serviced is from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N. A frequency of the system is 2491.75 MHz.

Q1: What type of satellites does the American GPS system use?
A1: medium Earth orbit satellites
Q2: What type of satellites does the BeiDou-1 system use?
A2: satellites in geostationary orbit
Q3: What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1 system using stallites in geostationary orbit?
A3: the system does not require a large constellation of satellites
Q4: What service area is covered by the BeiDou-1 system?
A4: from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N
Q5: What is the frequency of the BeiDou-1 system?
A5: 2491.75 MHz
Title: Georgian_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Unlike the Baroque style that it replaced, which was mostly used for palaces and churches, and had little representation in the British colonies, simpler Georgian styles were widely used by the upper and middle classes. Perhaps the best remaining house is the pristine Hammond-Harwood House (1774) in Annapolis, Maryland, designed by the colonial architect William Buckland and modelled on the Villa Pisani at Montagnana, Italy as depicted in Andrea Palladio's I quattro libri dell'architettura ("Four Books of Architecture").

Q1: What style did was little represented in British colonies?
A1: Baroque
Q2: Baroque style was mostly used for which buildings?
A2: palaces and churches
Q3: What is considered to be the best remaining example of a house from the Georgian period and style?
A3: Hammond-Harwood House
Q4: What year was the Hammond-Harwood House built?
A4: 1774
Q5: What building did William Buckland model the Hammon-Harwood House?
A5: Villa Pisani at Montagnana, Italy
Title: Central_Intelligence_Agency
Topic: Geography and places

Unlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is a domestic security service, CIA has no law enforcement function and is mainly focused on overseas intelligence gathering, with only limited domestic collection. Though it is not the only U.S. government agency specializing in HUMINT, CIA serves as the national manager for coordination and deconfliction of HUMINT activities across the entire intelligence community. Moreover, CIA is the only agency authorized by law to carry out and oversee covert action on behalf of the President, unless the President determines that another agency is better suited for carrying out such action. It can, for example, exert foreign political influence through its tactical divisions, such as the Special Activities Division.

Q1: What is the CIA's main focus?
A1: overseas intelligence gathering
Q2: What does FBI stand for?
A2: Federal Bureau of Investigation
Q3: What is the only agency that is authorized to carry out action on behalf of the president?
A3: CIA
Title: United_States_dollar
Topic: History

Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol ₥), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol ¢), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; "dime" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10¢, while "eagle" and "mill" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599⁄10. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, "paper money" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the "double eagle", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as "fractional currency", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as "shinplasters". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a "Union", "Half Union", and "Quarter Union", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.

Q1: What is the US dollar based upon?
A1: a decimal system of values
Q2: How much monetary value does a dime hold?
A2: one-tenth of a dollar
Q3: How much was a union going to be worth as proposed in the 1800s?
A3: one hundred dollars
Q4: What was the maximum value a gold coin used to be able to have?
A4: $20
Q5: In what legislation was the term "eagle" used?
A5: Coinage Act of 1792
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Unlike the above antennas, traveling wave antennas are nonresonant so they have inherently broad bandwidth. They are typically wire antennas multiple wavelengths long, through which the voltage and current waves travel in one direction, instead of bouncing back and forth to form standing waves as in resonant antennas. They have linear polarization (except for the helical antenna). Unidirectional traveling wave antennas are terminated by a resistor at one end equal to the antenna's characteristic resistance, to absorb the waves from one direction. This makes them inefficient as transmitting antennas.

Q1: What antenna's are nonresonant?
A1: traveling wave antennas
Q2: How long are the wire antenna's that the voltage and current waves travel in the same direction?
A2: one direction
Q3: What antenna does not have linear polarization?
A3: helical antenna
Q4: What are undirectional traveling wave directions terminated by?
A4: resistor
Q5: What is the resistor equal to?
A5: antenna's characteristic resistance
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Unlike the heavier guns, these smaller weapons are in widespread use due to their low cost and ability to quickly follow the target. Classic examples of autocannons and large caliber guns are the 40 mm autocannon and the 8.8 cm FlaK 18, 36 gun, both designed by Bofors of Sweden. Artillery weapons of this sort have for the most part been superseded by the effective surface-to-air missile systems that were introduced in the 1950s, although they were still retained by many nations. The development of surface-to-air missiles began in Nazi Germany during the late World War II with missiles such as the Wasserfall, though no working system was deployed before the war's end, and represented new attempts to increase effectiveness of the anti-aircraft systems faced with growing threat from [bomber]s. Land-based SAMs can be deployed from fixed installations or mobile launchers, either wheeled or tracked. The tracked vehicles are usually armoured vehicles specifically designed to carry SAMs.

Q1: Smaller weapons are able to be used because of their low cost as well as what other factor?
A1: ability to quickly follow the target
Q2: Who designed the 40 mm autocannon?
A2: Bofors of Sweden
Q3: When were the surface-to-air missile systems introduced?
A3: 1950s
Q4: Where were surface-to-air missiles first developed?
A4: in Nazi Germany
Q5: How can land-based SAMs be deployed?
A5: from fixed installations or mobile launchers
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Unlike the majority of 1980s mainstream singers, the 1990s mainstream pop/R&B singers such as All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera, Backstreet Boys and Savage Garden generally crossed over to the AC charts. Latin pop artists such as Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Selena, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel also enjoyed success in the AC charts.

Q1: Mainstream artists from what decade generally did not have success on the adult contemporary charts?
A1: 1980s
Q2: Along with All-4-One, Boyz II Men, Rob Thomas, Christina Aguilera and Backstreet Boys, what 90s artists were notable in the pop/R&B genre?
A2: Savage Garden
Q3: What genre of music did Lynda Thomas, Ricky Martin, Selena, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias and Luis Miguel make?
A3: Latin pop
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Unlike the papabile cardinals Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna and Giuseppe Siri of Genoa, he was not identified with either the left or right, nor was he seen as a radical reformer. He was viewed as most likely to continue the Second Vatican Council, which already, without any tangible results, had lasted longer than anticipated by John XXIII, who had a vision but "did not have a clear agenda. His rhetoric seems to have had a note of over-optimism, a confidence in progress, which was characteristic of the 1960s." When John XXIII died of stomach cancer on 3 June 1963, it triggered a conclave to elect a new pope.

Q1: What role was Montini not perceived to fill unlike some of his fellow cardinals?
A1: reformer
Q2: What organization did the church expect Montini to continue?
A2: Second Vatican Council
Q3: What illness caused the death of Pope John XXIII
A3: stomach cancer
Q4: In what year did Pope John XXIII die?
A4: 1963
Q5: What role did Pope John XXIII's death precipitate the election of?
A5: pope
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Unlike the situation with the states, there is no plenary reception statute at the federal level that continued the common law and thereby granted federal courts the power to formulate legal precedent like their English predecessors. Federal courts are solely creatures of the federal Constitution and the federal Judiciary Acts. However, it is universally accepted that the Founding Fathers of the United States, by vesting "judicial power" into the Supreme Court and the inferior federal courts in Article Three of the United States Constitution, thereby vested in them the implied judicial power of common law courts to formulate persuasive precedent; this power was widely accepted, understood, and recognized by the Founding Fathers at the time the Constitution was ratified. Several legal scholars have argued that the federal judicial power to decide "cases or controversies" necessarily includes the power to decide the precedential effect of those cases and controversies.

Q1: How did the federal agencies differ from their English counter-parts?
A1: no plenary reception statute at the federal level that continued the common law
Q2: What did the missing plenary reception do?
A2: granted federal courts the power to formulate legal precedent
Q3: Where do the federal courts fall?
A3: the federal Judiciary Acts
Q4: Where is judicial power found in the original Constitution?
A4: Article Three
Q5: What does Article Three give federal agencies?
A5: implied judicial power of common law courts to formulate persuasive precedent
Title: Mexico_City
Topic: Geography and places

Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education. The whole funding is allocated by the government of Mexico City (in some specific cases, such as El Colegio de México, funding comes from both the city's government and other public and private national and international entities).[citation needed] The city's public high school system is the Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal (IEMS-DF).

Q1: Who is in charge of the education in Mexico City?
A1: Secretary of Public Education
Q2: What is the public high school system called in Mexico City?
A2: Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal
Q3: Who allocates the funding of the school systems?
A3: government of Mexico City
Title: Red
Topic: Natural sciences

Unlike vermilion or red ochre, made from minerals, red lake pigments are made by mixing organic dyes, made from insects or plants, with white chalk or alum. Red lac was made from the gum lac, the dark red resinous substance secreted by various scale insects, particularly the Laccifer lacca from India. Carmine lake was made from the cochineal insect from Central and South America, Kermes lake came from a different scale insect, kermes vermilio, which thrived on oak trees around the Mediterranean. Other red lakes were made from the rose madder plant and from the brazilwood tree.

Q1: What was red ochre composed of?
A1: minerals
Q2: How were pigments like red lake created?
A2: mixing organic dyes
Q3: What was red lake composed of?
A3: insects or plants, with white chalk or alum
Q4: What was the source of color in Red lac?
A4: the dark red resinous substance secreted by various scale insects
Q5: The Laccifer lacca was crucial to making what pigment?
A5: Red lac
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

Unmarked vehicles are used primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence. Some police forces use unmarked or minimally marked cars for traffic law enforcement, since drivers slow down at the sight of marked police vehicles and unmarked vehicles make it easier for officers to catch speeders and traffic violators. This practice is controversial, with for example, New York State banning this practice in 1996 on the grounds that it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers.

Q1: When do police often use unmarked cars?
A1: primarily for sting operations or apprehending criminals without alerting them to their presence
Q2: What use of unmarked cars is controversial?
A2: for traffic law enforcement
Q3: When did New York State ban unmarked cars for traffic cops?
A3: 1996
Q4: Why did New York State ban unmarked cars for traffic cops?
A4: it endangered motorists who might be pulled over by people impersonating police officers
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

Unpopulated boards are usually bare-board tested for "shorts" and "opens". A short is a connection between two points that should not be connected. An open is a missing connection between points that should be connected. For high-volume production a fixture or a rigid needle adapter is used to make contact with copper lands on the board. Building the adapter is a significant fixed cost and is only economical for high-volume or high-value production. For small or medium volume production flying probe testers are used where test probes are moved over the board by an XY drive to make contact with the copper lands. The CAM system instructs the electrical tester to apply a voltage to each contact point as required and to check that this voltage appears on the appropriate contact points and only on these.

Q1: What are bare-board tests looking for besides "opens"?
A1: "shorts"
Q2: What's an absent connection that needs to be linked up on an unpopulated board called?
A2: An open
Q3: What conductive metal are the lands on a circuit board made out of?
A3: copper
Q4: What does a flying probe tester deliver to the contact points during testing?
A4: voltage
Q5: What system tells the flying probe where to go and what to do?
A5: CAM system
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

Unsure of his future, he first contemplated returning to London to complete his studies, but decided to return to Boston as a teacher. His father helped him set up his private practice by contacting Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the president of the Clarke School for the Deaf for a recommendation. Teaching his father's system, in October 1872, Alexander Bell opened his "School of Vocal Physiology and Mechanics of Speech" in Boston, which attracted a large number of deaf pupils, with his first class numbering 30 students. While he was working as a private tutor, one of his most famous pupils was Helen Keller, who came to him as a young child unable to see, hear, or speak. She was later to say that Bell dedicated his life to the penetration of that "inhuman silence which separates and estranges." In 1893, Keller performed the sod-breaking ceremony for the construction of the new Bell's new Volta Bureau, dedicated to "the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf".

Q1: What city did Bell decide to return to?
A1: Boston
Q2: In what year did Bell open his own school?
A2: 1872
Q3: How many people were in Bell's first class?
A3: 30
Q4: Which of Bell's students is the most well known?
A4: Helen Keller
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

Until 18 December 2010, Eton College was an exempt charity under English law (Charities Act 1993, Schedule 2). Under the provisions of the Charities Act 2006, it is now an excepted charity, and fully registered with the Charities Commission, and is now one of the 100 largest charities in the UK. As a charity, it benefits from substantial tax breaks. It was calculated by the late David Jewell, former Master of Haileybury, that in 1992 such tax breaks saved the School about £1,945 per pupil per year, although he had no direct connection with the School. This subsidy has declined since the 2001 abolition by the Labour Government of state-funded scholarships (formerly known as "assisted places") to independent schools. However, no child attended Eton on this scheme, meaning that the actual level of state assistance to the School has always been lower. Eton's retiring Head Master, Tony Little, has claimed that the benefits that Eton provides to the local community free of charge (use of its facilities, etc.) have a higher value than the tax breaks it receives as a result of its charitable status. The fee for the academic year 2010–2011 was £29,862 (approximately US$48,600 or €35,100 as of March 2011), although the sum is considerably lower for those pupils on bursaries and scholarships.

Q1: Why is being a charity beneficial to Eton?
A1: substantial tax breaks
Q2: What service does Eton provide to the local community free of charge?
A2: use of its facilities
Q3: What was the full price of Eton per student in 2010-2011?
A3: £29,862 (approximately US$48,600 or €35,100
Q4: How much did estimated tax breaks save per student in 1992?
A4: £1,945 per pupil per year
Title: Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Topic: History

Until 1917, it was possible for someone who was not a priest, but only in minor orders, to become a cardinal (see "lay cardinals", below), but they were enrolled only in the order of cardinal deacons. For example, in the 16th century, Reginald Pole was a cardinal for 18 years before he was ordained a priest. In 1917 it was established that all cardinals, even cardinal deacons, had to be priests, and, in 1962, Pope John XXIII set the norm that all cardinals be ordained as bishops, even if they are only priests at the time of appointment. As a consequence of these two changes, canon 351 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law requires that a cardinal be at least in the order of priesthood at his appointment, and that those who are not already bishops must receive episcopal consecration. Several cardinals aged over 80 or close to it when appointed have obtained dispensation from the rule of having to be a bishop. These were all appointed cardinal-deacons, but one of them, Roberto Tucci, lived long enough to exercise the right of option and be promoted to the rank of cardinal-priest.

Q1: In what year did the practice of allowing non priests to become Cardinals stop?
A1: 1917
Q2: In what year was it declared that Cardinals had to be bishops?
A2: 1962
Title: CBC_Television
Topic: History

Until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats. Since this change, the CBC has sometimes struggled to maintain ratings comparable to those it achieved before 1995, although it has seen somewhat of a ratings resurgence in recent years. In the 2007-08 season, hit series such as Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border helped the network achieve its strongest ratings performance in over half a decade.

Q1: In what year did the network end American programming?
A1: 1998
Q2: Which recent (2007-2008) shows helped the network regain popularity?
A2: Little Mosque on the Prairie and The Border
Q3: What foreign programming is shown on the CBC after 1998?
A3: a handful of British programs, and a few American movies and off-network repeats
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus. But in 2006 a divided United Nations General Assembly voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights. In January 2007, Russia and China vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar to respect human rights and begin a democratic transition. South Africa also voted against the resolution.

Q1: What did the United adopt in reference to Burma annually until 2005 ?
A1: Until 2005, the United Nations General Assembly annually adopted a detailed resolution about the situation in Myanmar by consensus.
Q2: What occurred in the United Nations general convening in 2006 ?
A2: voted through a resolution that strongly called upon the government of Myanmar to end its systematic violations of human rights.
Q3: What did China and Russia both do in 2008 ?
A3: vetoed a draft resolution before the United Nations Security Council calling on the government of Myanmar
Q4: What other countries were in disagreement with the United Nations decision on Burma ?
A4: South Africa
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

Until March 1, 2009, the Borough President of the Bronx was Adolfo Carrión Jr., elected as a Democrat in 2001 and 2005 before retiring early to direct the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy. His successor, Democratic New York State Assembly member Rubén Díaz, Jr., who won a special election on April 21, 2009 by a vote of 86.3% (29,420) on the "Bronx Unity" line to 13.3% (4,646) for the Republican district leader Anthony Ribustello on the "People First" line, became Borough President on May 1.

Q1: When did Carrion Jr. retire as Borough President?
A1: March 1, 2009
Q2: When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President?
A2: 2001
Q3: When was Carrion Jr. re-elected Borough President?
A3: 2005
Q4: Who succeeded Carrion Jr.?
A4: Rubén Díaz, Jr.
Q5: When was Diaz Jr. elected?
A5: April 21, 2009
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

Until about 1855 the words near east and far east did not refer to any particular region. The far East, a phrase containing a noun, East, qualified by an adjective, far, could be at any location in the "far east" of the speaker's home territory. The Ottoman Empire, for example, was the far East as much as the East Indies. The Crimean War brought a change in vocabulary with the introduction of terms more familiar to the late 19th century. The Russian Empire had entered a more aggressive phase, becoming militarily active against the Ottoman Empire and also against China, with territorial aggrandizement explicitly in mind. Rethinking its policy the British government decided that the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power. It therefore undertook to oppose the Russians in both places, one result being the Crimean War. During that war the administration of the British Empire began promulgating a new vocabulary, giving specific regional meaning to "the Near East," the Ottoman Empire, and "the Far East," the East Indies. The two terms were now compound nouns often shown hyphenated.

Q1: Until what year did the words near east and far east not refer to any particular region? 
A1: 1855
Q2: What brought a change in vocabulary?
A2: The Crimean War
Q3: The Russian Empire became more militarily active against who?
A3: the Ottoman Empire
Q4: Who decided the two polities under attack were necessary for the balance of power? 
A4: the British government
Q5: What empire began promulgating a new vocabulary?
A5: the British Empire
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Until mid-to-late adolescence, boys and girls show relatively little difference in drinking motives. Distinctions between the reasons for alcohol consumption of males and females begin to emerge around ages 14–15; overall, boys tend to view drinking in a more social light than girls, who report on average a more frequent use of alcohol as a coping mechanism. The latter effect appears to shift in late adolescence and onset of early adulthood (18–19 years of age); however, despite this trend, age tends to bring a greater desire to drink for pleasure rather than coping in both boys and girls.

Q1: During what ages do reasons for alcohol consumption between males and females begin to diverge?
A1: 14–15
Q2: Do boys or girls view drinking in a more social light?
A2: boys
Q3: Which gender reports most frequently using alcohol as a coping mechanism?
A3: girls
Q4: Does age bring a greater or smaller desire to drink for pleasure rather than coping?
A4: greater
Title: Post-punk
Topic: Music

Until recently, in most critical writing the post-punk era was "often dismissed as an awkward period in which punk's gleeful ructions petered out into the vacuity of the Eighties". Contemporary scholars have argued to the contrary, asserting that the period produced significant innovations and music on its own. Simon Reynolds described the period as "a fair match for the sixties in terms of the sheer amount of great music created, the spirit of adventure and idealism that infused it, and the way that the music seemed inextricably connected to the political and social turbulence of its era". Nicholas Lezard wrote that the music of the period "was avant-garde, open to any musical possibilities that suggested themselves, united only in the sense that it was very often cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song".

Q1: How did most critical writing treat the post-punk era, until recently?
A1: dismissed
Q2: What do contemporary scholars feel the post-punk period contributed in hindsight?
A2: significant innovations and music
Q3: What did Simon Reynolds describe the era of post-punk as a match for in terms of great music created?
A3: the sixties
Q4: Who wrote that the music of the post-punk era was avant-garde?
A4: Nicholas Lezard
Q5: What were the post-punk era artists more interested in doing to their audiences than in entertaining them with pop songs?
A5: disturbing
Q6: What era was usually dismissed as merely an awkward phase of music?
A6: post-punk
Q7: What do comtemporary scholars think that post-punk actually did for music?
A7: produced significant innovations and music on its own
Q8: Who said that the post-punk movement rivaled the Sixties in the shear amount of great music produced?
A8: Simon Reynolds
Q9: Which critic said that the post-punk period was open to any possibilities as far as music went?
A9: Nicholas Lezard
Q10: What did Nicholas Leonard say united post-punk?
A10: cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Until recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is properly understood in its core meaning of the final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible. The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century, over disputes about unallocated competences concerning slavery and ultimately the right of secession, showed this. One or other level of government could be sovereign to decide such matters, but not both simultaneously. Therefore, it is now suggested that federalism is more appropriately conceived as 'a division of the powers flowing from sovereignty between two levels of government'. What differentiates the concept from other multi-level political forms is the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established. This clarified definition opens the way to identifying two distinct federal forms, where before only one was known, based upon whether sovereignty resides in the whole (in one people) or in the parts (in many peoples): the federal state (or federation) and the federal union of states (or federal union), respectively. Leading examples of the federal state include the United States, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Australia and India. The leading example of the federal union of states is the European Union.

Q1: Before new research, what was the definition of federalism? 
A1: a division of sovereignty between two levels of government
Q2: After new research, what was the final definition of federalism? 
A2: final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible.
Q3: When was federalism put into place? 
A3: The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century
Q4: What is the difference between multi-level political forms and federalism? 
A4: the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established
Q5: What is an example of a federal union? 
A5: the European Union
Title: Dutch_language
Topic: Language and literature

Until roughly the 16th century, speakers of all the varieties of the West Germanic languages from the mouth of the Rhine to the Alps had been accustomed to refer to their native speech as Dietsch, (Neder)duyts or some other cognate of theudisk. This let inevitably to confusion since similar terms referred to different languages. Therefore, in the 16th century, a differentiation took place. Owing to Dutch commercial and colonial rivalry in the 16th and 17th centuries, the English term came to refer exclusively to the Dutch. A notable exception is Pennsylvania Dutch, which is a West Central German variety called Deitsch by its speakers. Jersey Dutch, on the other hand, as spoken until the 1950s in New Jersey, is a Dutch-based creole.

Q1: In what century was a differentiation made to clear up confusion about West Germanic languages?
A1: 16th
Q2: What West Central German dialect of Dutch contains the name of a U.S. state?
A2: Pennsylvania Dutch
Q3: What's the native Pennsylvania Dutch word for the language?
A3: Deitsch
Q4: In what decade did people in New Jersey stop speaking Jersey Dutch?
A4: 1950s
Title: Dutch_Republic
Topic: History

Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was under the Kingdom of France.

Q1: The Low Countries were made up of which present day countries?
A1: Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
Q2: Which counties in the Low Countries were not ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?
A2: Flanders
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Until the 1950s guns firing ballistic munitions were the standard weapon; guided missiles then became dominant, except at the very shortest ranges. However, the type of shell or warhead and its fuzing and, with missiles the guidance arrangement, were and are varied. Targets are not always easy to destroy; nonetheless, damaged aircraft may be forced to abort their mission and, even if they manage to return and land in friendly territory, may be out of action for days or permanently. Ignoring small arms and smaller machine-guns, ground-based air defence guns have varied in calibre from 20 mm to at least 150 mm.

Q1: What was the standard weapon until the 1950s?
A1: guns firing ballistic munitions
Q2: After guns firing ballistic munitions lost their appeal, what weapon took their place?
A2: guided missiles
Q3: Which range did not use guided missiles?
A3: the very shortest ranges
Q4: Damaged aircraft can be out of action for days or what?
A4: permanently
Q5: What is the largest calibre ground-based air defence guns?
A5: at least 150 mm
Title: Somerset
Topic: Geography and places

Until the 1960s the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell who ran regular services to Barry and Cardiff as well as Ilfracombe and Lundy Island. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods, one of the reasons for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway was to provide a link between the Bristol Channel and the English Channel. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK. In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol.

Q1: What  did paddle streamers serve until the 1960's 
A1: the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell
Q2: What was the pier on Burnham -on-sea used for 
A2: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods
Q3: What is the shortest pier in the UK 
A3: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK
Q4: What was constructed in the 1970's 
A4: In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol
Title: Pub
Topic: History

Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.

Q1: In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking?
A1: 1970s
Q2: What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?
A2: off-sales counter
Q3: What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter?
A3: the jug and bottle
Q4: Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s?
A4: supermarkets
Title: Bras%C3%ADlia
Topic: Geography and places

Until the 1980s, the governor of the Federal District was appointed by the Federal Government, and the laws of Brasília were issued by the Brazilian Federal Senate. With the Constitution of 1988 Brasília gained the right to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly (Câmara Legislativa) was elected to exercise legislative power. The Federal District does not have a Judicial Power of its own. The Judicial Power which serves the Federal District also serves federal territories. Currently, Brazil does not have any territories, therefore, for now the courts serve only cases from the Federal District.

Q1: When did Brazil pass a new Constitution?
A1: 1988
Q2: What rights did Brasilia gain in 1988?
A2: to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly
Q3: What is Brasilia's District Assembly called?
A3: Câmara Legislativa