LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

Another objection is that it is not always possible to demonstrate falsehood definitively, especially if one is using statistical criteria to evaluate a null hypothesis. More generally it is not always clear, if evidence contradicts a hypothesis, that this is a sign of flaws in the hypothesis rather than of flaws in the evidence. However, this is a misunderstanding of what Popper's philosophy of science sets out to do. Rather than offering a set of instructions that merely need to be followed diligently to achieve science, Popper makes it clear in The Logic of Scientific Discovery that his belief is that the resolution of conflicts between hypotheses and observations can only be a matter of the collective judgment of scientists, in each individual case.

Q1: What kind of criteria frequently used in science complicates the definitiveness of some hypotheses' falsification?
A1: statistical
Q2: What other flaws complicate the problem of identifying faulty scientific hypotheses?
A2: flaws in the evidence
Q3: According to Popper, what resolves conflicting hypotheses and observations in the long run?
A3: the collective judgment of scientists
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

Another occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same authority regarding some questions about their language. For instance, to learn the name of a new invention, or an obscure foreign species of plant, speakers of Bavarian German and East Franconian German might each consult a German dictionary or ask a German-speaking expert in the subject. By way of contrast, although Yiddish is classified by linguists as a language in the "Middle High German" group of languages, a Yiddish speaker would not consult a German dictionary to determine the word to use in such a case.

Q1: What term refers to another way in which dialects are distinguished from languages?
A1: linguistic authority
Q2: Under the linguistic authority criteria, what is a dialect of German along with Bavarian German?
A2: East Franconian German
Q3: Of what group of languages is Yiddish a member?
A3: Middle High German
Q4: Why is Yiddish not a dialect of German?
A4: a Yiddish speaker would not consult a German dictionary
Title: Hanover
Topic: History

Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the Kreuz-Church-Quarter around the Kreuz Church with many nice little lanes. Nearby is the old royal sports hall, now called the Ballhof theatre. On the edge of the Old Town are the Market Hall, the Leine Palace, and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence. Through the Marstall Gate you arrive at the bank of the river Leine, where the world-famous Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle are located. They are part of the Mile of Sculptures, which starts from Trammplatz, leads along the river bank, crosses Königsworther Square, and ends at the entrance of the Georgengarten. Near the Old Town is the district of Calenberger Neustadt where the Catholic Basilica Minor of St. Clemens, the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis are located.

Q1: Where are the large Martkirche located?
A1: Old Town
Q2: What is the old royal sports hall now called?
A2: Ballhof theatre
Q3: What is the name of the momument to the victims of war and violence?
A3: Aegidien Church
Q4: What world famous landmark is located on the bank of the Leine?
A4: Nanas of Niki de Saint-Phalle
Q5: Where does the Mile of Sculptures start?
A5: Trammplatz
Title: Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Another popular argument for affirmative action is the compensation argument. Blacks were mistreated in the past for a morally irrelevant characteristic of being black so society today should compensate for the injuries. This causes reverse discrimination in the form of preferential hirings, contracts, and scholarships as a means to ameliorate past wrongs. Many opponents argue that this form of reparation is morally indefensible because if blacks were harmed for being black in the past, then preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical. In addition, arguments are made that whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over. Therefore, they are being reverse discriminated against because they are receiving the punishment that should be given to people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices

Q1: What is a typical argument in favor of affirmative action?
A1: compensation argument
Q2: In the compensation argument, who should supposedly have to make up for past discrimination against blacks?
A2: society today should compensate for the injuries
Q3: Which argument is being made by those who oppose affirmative action in relation to the compensation argument?
A3: preferential treatment for this same trait is illogical
Q4: In terms of whites, what is an argument that is used to try and refute the benefits of affirmative action as it relates to the compensation argument?
A4: whites today who innocently benefited from past injustices should not be punished for something they had no control over
Q5: According to opposition believers, who should be punished for discrimination?
A5: people who willingly and knowingly benefited from discriminatory practices
Title: Tucson,_Arizona
Topic: Geography and places

Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or rodeo week, founded by winter visitor, Leighton Kramer. While at its heart the Fiesta is a sporting event, it includes what is billed as "the world's largest non-mechanized parade". The Rodeo Parade is a popular event as most schools give two rodeo days off instead of Presidents Day. The exception to this is Presidio High (a non-public charter school), which doesn't get either. Western wear is seen throughout the city as corporate dress codes are cast aside during the Fiesta. The Fiesta de los Vaqueros marks the beginning of the rodeo season in the United States.

Q1: What season is February in Tucson?
A1: spring
Q2: What is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?
A2: rodeo week
Q3: What month is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros held in?
A3: February
Q4: Who started the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?
A4: Leighton Kramer
Q5: How much time do Tucson schools give students off to attend the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?
A5: two rodeo days off
Title: Diarrhea
Topic: Natural sciences

Another possible cause of diarrhea is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which usually presents with abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months. Symptoms of diarrhea-predominant IBS can be managed through a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and/or medications such as loperamide or codeine. About 30% of patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS have bile acid malabsorption diagnosed with an abnormal SeHCAT test.

Q1: What is IBS?
A1: irritable bowel syndrome
Q2: What symptoms do you have with IBS?
A2: abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months
Q3: How can symptoms be managed with IBS?
A3: a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and/or medications
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role. If current developments continue, some[who?] believe it is reasonable to suggest that lasers will play a major role in air defence starting in the next ten years.

Q1: What is another possible weapon for anti-aircraft use?
A1: the laser
Q2: When did personnel first start thinking about using lasers in combat?
A2: the late 1960s
Q3: What laser can currently be used in the type of role that was first thought of in the late 1960s?
A3: Tactical High Energy Laser
Q4: The use of lasers in anti-aircraft warfare is currently considered what?
A4: experimental usefulness
Q5: When do some people believe that lasers can play a more prominent role in air defence?
A5: in the next ten years
Title: Infection
Topic: Natural sciences

Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light microscope, or with instruments as complex as an electron microscope. Samples obtained from patients may be viewed directly under the light microscope, and can often rapidly lead to identification. Microscopy is often also used in conjunction with biochemical staining techniques, and can be made exquisitely specific when used in combination with antibody based techniques. For example, the use of antibodies made artificially fluorescent (fluorescently labeled antibodies) can be directed to bind to and identify a specific antigens present on a pathogen. A fluorescence microscope is then used to detect fluorescently labeled antibodies bound to internalized antigens within clinical samples or cultured cells. This technique is especially useful in the diagnosis of viral diseases, where the light microscope is incapable of identifying a virus directly.

Q1: What is microscopy used for?
A1: diagnosis of infectious disease
Q2: What do virtually all culture techniques rely on at some point?
A2: microscopic examination
Q3: What can samples obtained from patients viewed directly under?
A3: light microscope
Q4: When is microscopy exquisitely specific?
A4: when used in combination with antibody based techniques.
Q5: What can antibodies with artificial fluorescence be directed to do? 
A5: bind to and identify a specific antigens present on a pathogen
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

Another recent environmental issue in Melbourne was the Victorian government project of channel deepening Melbourne Ports by dredging Port Phillip Bay—the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project. It was subject to controversy and strict regulations among fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected by the disturbance of heavy metals and other industrial sediments. Other major pollution problems in Melbourne include levels of bacteria including E. coli in the Yarra River and its tributaries caused by septic systems, as well as litter. Up to 350,000 cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day. Several programs are being implemented to minimise beach and river pollution. In February 2010, The Transition Decade, an initiative to transition human society, economics and environment towards sustainability, was launched in Melbourne.

Q1: Which government project aimed to deepen Melbourne ports by dredging?
A1: the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project
Q2: Why was the Port Phillip Channel Deppening Project subject to controversy and strict regulations?
A2: fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected
Q3: Up to how many cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day in Melbourne?
A3: 350,000
Q4: What initiative was launched in Melbourne in February 2010 as an effort to transition human society towards sustainability?
A4: The Transition Decade
Q5: What causes increased pollution and levels of bacteria such as E. coli to rise in the Yarra River and its tributaries?
A5: septic systems, as well as litter
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

Another residence was maintained at Lake Bled, while the grounds at Karađorđevo were the site of "diplomatic hunts". By 1974 the Yugoslav President had at his disposal 32 official residences, larger and small, the yacht Galeb ("seagull"), a Boeing 727 as the presidential airplane, and the Blue Train. After Tito's death the presidential Boeing 727 was sold to Aviogenex, the Galeb remained docked in Montenegro, while the Blue Train was stored in a Serbian train shed for over two decades. While Tito was the person who held the office of president for by far the longest period, the associated property was not private and much of it continues to be in use by Yugoslav successor states, as public property, or maintained at the disposal of high-ranking officials.

Q1: The grounds at what location were the site of "diplomatic hunts"?
A1: Karađorđevo
Q2: What was the name of the yacht the Yugoslav president had at his disposal?
A2: Galeb
Q3: What company bought the presidential Boeing 727 after Tito's death?
A3: Aviogenex
Q4: Where was the Galeb docked after Tito's death?
A4: Montenegro
Q5: What is the English translation of Galeb?
A5: seagull
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when Republicans were in the minority, the party nominated for Speaker a series of prominent lawmakers, including ex-Speaker James Blaine of Maine in 1875, former Appropriations Chairman James A. Garfield of Ohio, in 1876, 1877, and 1879, and ex-Speaker Keifer in 1883. "It is hard to believe that House partisans would place a man in the speakership when in the majority, and nominate him for this office when in the minority, and not look to him for legislative guidance." This was not the case, according to some observers, with respect to ex-Speaker Keifer.

Q1: Prior to 1883 there is evidence that serious caucus fights occured in what years?
A1: 1871 and 1873
Q2: What prominent ex-speaker was nominated for minority role in 1875?
A2: James Blaine
Q3: What former appropriations chairman was nominated for minority leader in 1876,77,79?
A3: James A. Garfield
Title: Adolescence
Topic: Natural sciences

Another set of significant physical changes during puberty happen in bodily distribution of fat and muscle. This process is different for females and males. Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development. In contrast, though both sexes experience an increase in body fat, the increase is much more significant for girls. Frequently, the increase in fat for girls happens in their years just before puberty. The ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys is around three to one, while for girls it is about five to four. This may help explain sex differences in athletic performance.

Q1: Is change in bodily distribution of fat and muscle the same or different between males and females during puberty?
A1: different
Q2: Do boys or girls grow muscle faster during puberty?
A2: boys
Q3: Do boys or girls experience a more significant increase in body fat?
A3: girls
Q4: What is the ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys?
A4: three to one
Q5: What is the ratio between muscle and fat amoung post-pubertal girls?
A5: five to four
Title: Neolithic
Topic: History

Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products. Supplementation of diet by hunting and gathering was to variable degrees precluded by the increase in population above the carrying capacity of the land and a high sedentary local population concentration. In some cultures, there would have been a significant shift toward increased starch and plant protein. The relative nutritional benefits and drawbacks of these dietary changes and their overall impact on early societal development is still debated.

Q1: What food related trend was significant in the new agrarian societies?
A1: diet
Q2: What forms of availability dictated Pre-agrarian diets?
A2: local plant and animal resources
Q3: What was included in the Post-agrarian diet?
A3: cereal grains, plants and to a variable extent domesticated animals and animal products.
Q4: What forced the need to supplement food supply with hunting and gathering?
A4: the increase in population
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

Another significant issue unique to LaserDisc is one involving the inconsistency of playback quality between different makers and models of player. On most televisions, a given DVD player will produce a picture that is visually indistinguishable from other units. Differences in image quality between players only becomes easily apparent on large televisions and substantial leaps in image quality are generally only obtained with expensive, high-end players that allow for post-processing of the MPEG-2 stream during playback. In contrast, LaserDisc playback quality is highly dependent on hardware quality. Major variances in picture quality appear between different makers and models of LD players, even when tested on a low to mid-range television. The obvious benefits of using high quality equipment has helped keep demand for some players high, thus also keeping pricing for those units comparably high. In the 1990s, notable players sold for anywhere from US$200 to well over $1,000, while older and less desirable players could be purchased in working condition for as little as $25.

Q1: Is LaserDisc quality consistent or inconsistent between player brands? 
A1: inconsistency
Q2: What is LaserDisc playback quality dependent on?
A2: hardware quality
Q3: How cheaply could an older LaserDisc player be purchased in the 1990s?
A3: $25
Q4: What range of prices were high-end LaserDisc players in the 1990s?
A4: US$200 to well over $1,000
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

Another situation can occur when one party wishes to create an obligation under international law, but the other party does not. This factor has been at work with respect to discussions between North Korea and the United States over security guarantees and nuclear proliferation.

Q1: Parties to a treaty may disagree over a desire to create an obligation under what?
A1: international law
Q2: Discussions between what two countries have been influence by one party's desire to create an obligation under international law?
A2: North Korea and the United States
Q3: Discussion between North Korea and the United States have been influenced by one party's desire to create obligations under international law with respect to what two topics?
A3: security guarantees and nuclear proliferation
Q4: North Korea and the United States have been characterized by a disagreement over one parties desire to create what with respect to security guarantees and nuclear proliferation?
A4: to create an obligation under international law
Title: Time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Another solution to the problem of causality-based temporal paradoxes is that such paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen. As illustrated in numerous works of fiction, free will either ceases to exist in the past or the outcomes of such decisions are predetermined. As such, it would not be possible to enact the grandfather paradox because it is a historical fact that your grandfather was not killed before his child (your parent) was conceived. This view doesn't simply hold that history is an unchangeable constant, but that any change made by a hypothetical future time traveler would already have happened in his or her past, resulting in the reality that the traveler moves from. More elaboration on this view can be found in the Novikov self-consistency principle.

Q1: What is another solution to the problem of temporal paradoxes?
A1: paradoxes cannot arise simply because they have not arisen
Q2: In several works of fiction, what ceases to exist in the past which causes paradoxes not to arise?
A2: free will
Q3: What paradox cannot be enacted because it is a fact that your grandfather was not killed before your parent was conceived?
A3: the grandfather paradox
Q4: What principle elaborates more on the view described?
A4: the Novikov self-consistency principle.
Title: Old_English
Topic: Language and literature

Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin. Norse borrowings are relatively rare in Old English literature, being mostly terms relating to government and administration. The literary standard, however, was based on the West Saxon dialect, away from the main area of Scandinavian influence; the impact of Norse may have been greater in the eastern and northern dialects. Certainly in Middle English texts, which are more often based on eastern dialects, a strong Norse influence becomes apparent. Modern English contains a great many, often everyday, words that were borrowed from Old Norse, and the grammatical simplification that occurred after the Old English period is also often attributed to Norse influence.

Q1: During what century did Cnut rule?
A1: 11th
Q2: What was Cnut's nationality?
A2: Danish
Q3: During what century did Scandinavians begin to settle in England?
A3: 9th
Q4: What language was a source for English loanwords that are still used today?
A4: Old Norse
Q5: Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin?
A5: northern
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Another study examining the health and nutrition literacy status of residents of the lower Mississippi Delta found that 52 percent of participants had a high likelihood of limited literacy skills. While a precise comparison between the NAAL and Delta studies is difficult, primarily because of methodological differences, Zoellner et al. suggest that health literacy rates in the Mississippi Delta region are different from the U.S. general population and that they help establish the scope of the problem of health literacy among adults in the Delta region. For example, only 12 percent of study participants identified the My Pyramid graphic two years after it had been launched by the USDA. The study also found significant relationships between nutrition literacy and income level and nutrition literacy and educational attainment further delineating priorities for the region.

Q1: What percentage of people were were found to have a high likelihood of low literacy skills in the Mississippi Delta region?
A1: 52
Q2: What primary difference was there between the NAAL and Delta study that made comparisons difficult?
A2: methodological differences
Q3: Who was the main author of the study that suggested that the Mississippi Delta study identified a problem of health literacy?
A3: Zoellner
Q4: For how many years had the My Pyramid graphic been released at the time of the Mississippi Delta study?
A4: two
Q5: Income level was found to have a signification correlation to which outcome in the study?
A5: nutrition literacy
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown.

Q1: What dominant hair color is to believed to be prevalent among Greeks 
A1: conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown
Q2: Which colors lay outside of the nor for those of Greek descent ?
A2: significant minorities having black and blonde hair
Q3: What eye color is believed to be the norm among Greeks ?
A3: 57.4% dark brown
Q4: What eye color shows the least presence among those of Greek heritage ?
A4: 14.6% blue/green
Title: Dog
Topic: Natural sciences

Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner, such as dog dancing and dog yoga.

Q1: A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn?
A1: newspaper
Q2: Dogs often help clean in the kitchen by licking what?
A2: plates
Q3: In addition to dog dancing, what is another activity that families are doing that is centered around their pet?
A3: dog yoga.
Q4: What do many dogs have to do in the families where they live?
A4: set tasks or routines
Q5: What are dogs often taught to bring in from outdoors?
A5: the newspaper
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human primates (bonobos) having sex. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).

Q1: Do men and women's patterns of arousal differ?
A1: men and women have different patterns of arousal
Q2: Are the patterns related to orientation?
A2: independent of their sexual orientations
Q3: What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?
A3: both human and nonhuman stimuli
Q4: What stimuli did men show no arousal towards?
A4: to non-human visual stimuli
Q5: Men's arousal patterns were found to be with?
A5: their specific sexual interest
Q6: What did a study on men and womens sexual arousal show?
A6: confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations
Q7: Did women in the studys become aroused to heterosexual stimulation?
A7: become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual
Q8: Did men have any arousal from non human videos containing sex?
A8: x. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli,
Q9: Did mens arousal relate to the sexual interests?
A9: , their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).
Title: Christian
Topic: Language and literature

Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is "Nazarenes" which is used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus in Acts 24. Tertullian (Against Marcion 4:8) records that "the Jews call us Nazarenes," while around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in earlier centuries "Christians," were once called "Nazarenes." The Hebrew equivalent of "Nazarenes", Notzrim, occurs in the Babylonian Talmud, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian.

Q1: In Acts 24, what is another word that Christians are called?
A1: Nazarenes
Q2: What was Jesus called since he was from Nazareth?
A2: Nazoraean
Q3: What is another Hebrew term for Nazarenes?
A3: Notzrim
Q4: Wha still calls Christians Notzrim?
A4: modern Israeli Hebrew
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

Another theory describes its derivation from a non-Slavic warrior class,:42, 64–66 forming a distinct element known as the Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):430 :482 within the ancient Polonic tribal groupings (Indo-European caste systems). This hypothesis states this upper class was not of Slavonic extraction:482 and was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants (kmiecie; Latin: cmethones):430 :118 over which they ruled.:482 The Szlachta were differentiated from the rural population. The nobleman's sense of distinction led to practices that in later periods would be characterized as racism.:233 The Szlachta were noble in the Aryan sense -- "noble" in contrast to the people over whom they ruled after coming into contact with them.:482 The szlachta traced their descent from Lech/Lekh, who probably founded the Polish kingdom in about the fifth century.:482 Lechia was the name of Poland in antiquity, and the szlachta's own name for themselves was Lechici/Lekhi.:482 An exact counterpart of Szlachta society was the Meerassee system of tenure of southern India—an aristocracy of equality—settled as conquerors among a separate race.:484 The Polish state paralleled the Roman Empire in that full rights of citizenship were limited to the szlachta. The szlachta were a caste, a military caste, as in Hindu society.

Q1: WHat was the name of the distinct element from a nnon-Slavic warrior class?
A1: Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):
Q2: In this theory, what was the upper class?
A2: was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants
Q3: WHen did they find the polish kingdom?
A3: about the fifth century.
Q4: WHat caste system does the hindu society have?
A4: military caste
Q5: Who shares the same caste system as Hindu?
A5: The szlachta
Title: Chicago_Cubs
Topic: Sports and recreation

Another unofficial but much more well-known mascot is Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers who is a longtime fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area. He is known to Wrigley Field visitors for his idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games, generally punctuated with an exclamatory "Woo!" (e.g., "Cubs, woo! Cubs, woo! Big-Z, woo! Zambrano, woo! Cubs, woo!") Longtime Cubs announcer Harry Caray dubbed Wickers "Leather Lungs" for his ability to shout for hours at a time. He is not employed by the team, although the club has on two separate occasions allowed him into the broadcast booth and allow him some degree of freedom once he purchases or is given a ticket by fans to get into the games. He is largely allowed to roam the park and interact with fans by Wrigley Field security.

Q1: What is another unofficial well-known mascot?
A1: Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers
Q2: What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors?
A2: idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games
Q3: What did Harry Caray dub Wickers?
A3: "Leather Lungs
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference." Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was difficult to prove or disprove and that the only conceivable scientific discovery that could disprove the existence of a Creator would be the discovery that the universe is infinitely old.

Q1: What did Sagan argue was the only was to prove the existence of God?
A1: the discovery that the universe is infinitely old
Q2: What is Richard Dawkins belief about the existence of God?
A2: "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."
Q3: What kind of difference does Dawkins believe would come from the existence of God?
A3: a scientific difference
Q4: Who argued that the existence of God is an empirical question?
A4: Richard Dawkins
Q5: Who stated that God was difficult both to prove or disprove?
A5: Carl Sagan
Q6: How could science discover if there was not a creator?
A6: the universe is infinitely old.
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

Another way to look at differences between populations is to measure genetic differences rather than physical differences between groups. The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: "A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the genes it possesses. It is an arbitrary matter which, and how many, gene loci we choose to consider as a significant 'constellation'". Leonard Lieberman and Rodney Kirk have pointed out that "the paramount weakness of this statement is that if one gene can distinguish races then the number of races is as numerous as the number of human couples reproducing." Moreover, the anthropologist Stephen Molnar has suggested that the discordance of clines inevitably results in a multiplication of races that renders the concept itself useless. The Human Genome Project states "People who have lived in the same geographic region for many generations may have some alleles in common, but no allele will be found in all members of one population and in no members of any other."

Q1: What can one use to look at differences between groups instead of physical differences?
A1: genetic differences
Q2: Who was William C. Boyd?
A2: mid-20th-century anthropologist
Q3: Boyd felt race was based on a specific differentiation of the frequency of what in a population?
A3: genes
Q4: How numerous would the number of races be if one gene can distinguish races?
A4: number of human couples reproducing
Q5: What may people who have lived in the same area for generations have in common?
A5: alleles
Title: Dominican_Order
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Another who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is Albertus Magnus, the only person of the period to be given the appellation "Great". His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life. Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, spiritual writer, ecumenist, and diplomat. Under the auspices of Humbert of Romans, Albert molded the curriculum of studies for all Dominican students, introduced Aristotle to the classroom and probed the work of Neoplatonists, such as Plotinus. Indeed, it was the thirty years of work done by Thomas Aquinas and himself (1245–1274) that allowed for the inclusion of Aristotelian study in the curriculum of Dominican schools.

Q1: The Dominican Order was also greatly helped by what German friar?
A1: Albertus Magnus
Q2: Albert Magnus was also known as "Albert the what"?
A2: Great
Q3: What was a discipline of Albert the Great?
A3: ecumenist
Q4: Who did Albert Magnus introduce to Dominican Order students?
A4: Aristotle
Q5: Who helped Albert Magnus bring Aristotelian curriculum to Dominican classrooms?
A5: Thomas Aquinas
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

Another work from Ancient Greece that made an early impact on botany is De Materia Medica, a five-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine written in the middle of the first century by Greek physician and pharmacologist Pedanius Dioscorides. De Materia Medica was widely read for more than 1,500 years. Important contributions from the medieval Muslim world include Ibn Wahshiyya's Nabatean Agriculture, Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī's (828–896) the Book of Plants, and Ibn Bassal's The Classification of Soils. In the early 13th century, Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, and Ibn al-Baitar (d. 1248) wrote on botany in a systematic and scientific manner.

Q1: What is the name of an ancient Greek work impacting botany?
A1: De Materia Medica
Q2: What was the De Materia Medica written about?
A2: herbal medicine
Q3: What was the profession of the man who wrote De Materia Medica?
A3: physician and pharmacologist
Q4: Besides the Greeks, what other culture contributed to the study of botany?
A4: medieval Muslim world
Q5: How long a book is the De Materia Medica?
A5: five-volume
Title: Plymouth
Topic: History

Antarctic explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Frank Bickerton both lived in the city. Artists include Beryl Cook whose paintings depict the culture of Plymouth and Robert Lenkiewicz, whose paintings investigated themes of vagrancy, sexual behaviour and suicide, lived in the city from the 1960s until his death in 2002. Illustrator and creator of children's series Mr Benn and King Rollo, David McKee, was born and brought up in South Devon and trained at Plymouth College of Art. Jazz musician John Surman, born in nearby Tavistock, has close connections to the area, evidenced by his 2012 album Saltash Bells. The avant garde prepared guitarist Keith Rowe was born in the city before establishing the jazz free improvisation band AMM in London in 1965 and MIMEO in 1997. The musician and film director Cosmo Jarvis has lived in several towns in South Devon and has filmed videos in and around Plymouth. In addition, actors Sir Donald Sinden and Judi Trott. George Passmore of Turner Prize winning duo Gilbert and George was born in the city, as was Labour politician Michael Foot whose family reside at nearby Trematon Castle.

Q1: What artist died in Plymouth in 2002?
A1: Robert Lenkiewicz
Q2: Where did the creator of Mr Benn and King Rollo study?
A2: Plymouth College of Art
Q3: What genre of music does John Surman play?
A3: Jazz
Q4: What local figure played in the bands AMM and MIMEO?
A4: Keith Rowe
Q5: Where do the family of Michael Foot live?
A5: Trematon Castle
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres (5,400,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Q1: What is the Earth's most southern continent?
A1: Antarctica
Q2: Which pole is located in Antarctica?
A2: South Pole
Q3: What ocean surrounds Antarctica?
A3: Southern Ocean
Q4: What is the size of Antarctica?
A4: 14,000,000 square kilometres
Q5: How much of Antarctica is ice covered?
A5: 98%
Title: Geological_history_of_Earth
Topic: Natural sciences

Antarctica continued to become more isolated and finally developed a permanent ice cap. Mountain building in western North America continued, and the Alps started to rise in Europe as the African plate continued to push north into the Eurasian plate, isolating the remnants of Tethys Sea. A brief marine incursion marks the early Oligocene in Europe. There appears to have been a land bridge in the early Oligocene between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. During the Oligocene, South America was finally detached from Antarctica and drifted north toward North America. It also allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to flow, rapidly cooling the continent.

Q1: What permanent structure formed on Antarctica?
A1: ice cap
Q2: The lift of which mountain range in Europe was the result of the African plate moving north into the Eurasian?
A2: the Alps
Q3: During what period was there a land bridge joining Europe and North America?
A3: Oligocene
Q4: In the Oligocene period South America broke free from what other continent?
A4: Antarctica
Q5: Which current resulted in the cooling of Antarctica?
A5: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy (1st century AD), who suggested the idea to preserve the symmetry of all known landmasses in the world. Even in the late 17th century, after explorers had found that South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size.

Q1: When was the first time humans visited Antarctica?
A1: 19th century
Q2: What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers?
A2: balance
Q3: What did Ptolemy suggest that a southern land mass would do to preserve? 
A3: symmetry
Q4: Of what did early explores think Australia and South America were part?
A4: Antarctica
Q5: Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size?
A5: larger
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica. Third, the Earth is at aphelion in July (i.e., the Earth is farthest from the Sun in the Antarctic winter), and the Earth is at perihelion in January (i.e., the Earth is closest to the Sun in the Antarctic summer). The orbital distance contributes to a colder Antarctic winter (and a warmer Antarctic summer) but the first two effects have more impact.

Q1: Which of the the poles is colder?
A1: Antarctica
Q2: How high is the continent of Antarctica above sea level?
A2: 3,000 m
Q3: How does the Arctic Ocean warm the Arctic?
A3: warmth is transferred
Q4: What contributes to the Antarctic cold?
A4: orbital distance
Q5: What does temperature do with elevation?
A5: decreases
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but since CO2 only makes up 0.039% of air, temperatures of less than −150 °C (−238 °F) would be needed to produce dry ice snow in Antarctica. Antarctica is a frozen desert with little precipitation; the South Pole itself receives less than 10 cm (4 in) per year, on average. Temperatures reach a minimum of between −80 °C (−112 °F) and −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) in the interior in winter and reach a maximum of between 5 °C (41 °F) and 15 °C (59 °F) near the coast in summer. Sunburn is often a health issue as the snow surface reflects almost all of the ultraviolet light falling on it. Given the latitude, long periods of constant darkness or constant sunlight create climates unfamiliar to human beings in much of the rest of the world.

Q1: Where was the coldest temperature recorded on Earth?
A1: Antarctica
Q2: What was the coldest temperature ever recorded?
A2: −89.2 °C
Q3: On what date was the Earth's coldest temperature recorded?
A3: 21 July 1983
Q4: What is Antarctica topographically ?
A4: frozen desert
Q5: What light caused condition is a serious problem for humans in Antarctica?
A5: Sunburn
Title: Antarctica
Topic: Natural sciences

Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.

Q1: Which continent is the highest in elevation?
A1: Antarctica
Q2: What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica?
A2: 200 mm
Q3: What is the average coldest temperature?
A3: −63 °C
Q4: What is the coldest recorded temperature?
A4: −89.2 °C
Q5: Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica? 
A5: tundra
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Antenna tuning generally refers to cancellation of any reactance seen at the antenna terminals, leaving only a resistive impedance which might or might not be exactly the desired impedance (that of the transmission line). Although an antenna may be designed to have a purely resistive feedpoint impedance (such as a dipole 97% of a half wavelength long) this might not be exactly true at the frequency that it is eventually used at. In some cases the physical length of the antenna can be "trimmed" to obtain a pure resistance. On the other hand, the addition of a series inductance or parallel capacitance can be used to cancel a residual capacitative or inductive reactance, respectively.

Q1: Where does cancellation of any reactance seen?
A1: antenna terminals
Q2: What is left after antenna tuning?
A2: resistive impedance
Q3: What can be used to cancel a inductibe reactance or residual capacitative?
A3: parallel capacitance
Q4: What is an antenna designed to have?
A4: purely resistive feedpoint
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Antennas are characterized by a number of performance measures which a user would be concerned with in selecting or designing an antenna for a particular application. Chief among these relate to the directional characteristics (as depicted in the antenna's radiation pattern) and the resulting gain. Even in omnidirectional (or weakly directional) antennas, the gain can often be increased by concentrating more of its power in the horizontal directions, sacrificing power radiated toward the sky and ground. The antenna's power gain (or simply "gain") also takes into account the antenna's efficiency, and is often the primary figure of merit.

Q1: How could one deide what type of antenna is nedded for a project?
A1: performance measures
Q2: What would most likely be the main concern in making this decision?
A2: directional characteristics
Q3: How would you distribute power to allow for a greater gain?
A3: horizontal directions
Q4: What is often the most imprtant crediting factor of antennas?
A4: efficiency