LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Memory
Topic: Social sciences and society

One question that is crucial in cognitive neuroscience is how information and mental experiences are coded and represented in the brain. Scientists have gained much knowledge about the neuronal codes from the studies of plasticity, but most of such research has been focused on simple learning in simple neuronal circuits; it is considerably less clear about the neuronal changes involved in more complex examples of memory, particularly declarative memory that requires the storage of facts and events (Byrne 2007). Convergence-divergence zones might be the neural networks where memories are stored and retrieved.

Q1: Is it important to know how information is coded in the brain?
A1: that is crucial
Q2: Have researchers learned anything studying plasticity?
A2: have gained much knowledge
Q3: What are the roles of Covergence-divergence zones?
A3: might be the neural networks where memories are stored and retrieved.
Q4: What has most of the research on memories revolved around?
A4: simple learning in simple neuronal circuits;
Title: Philosophy_of_space_and_time
Topic: Philosophy and religion

One recent proponent of the laws solution is Tim Maudlin who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution (see Maudlin ). However, elsewhere Maudlin argues: "[the] passage of time is an intrinsic asymmetry in the temporal structure of the world... It is the asymmetry that grounds the distinction between sequences that runs from past to future and sequences which run from future to past" [ibid, 2010 edition, p. 108]. Thus it is arguably difficult to assess whether Maudlin is suggesting that the direction of time is a consequence of the laws or is itself primitive.

Q1: Who argues that the fundamental laws of physics are laws of temporal evolution?
A1: Tim Maudlin
Q2: Maudlin argues that the passage of time is what kind of asymmetry?
A2: intrinsic
Q3: What grounds the distinction between sequences?
A3: asymmetry
Q4: Whose suggestion is difficult to assess in regards to the direction of time?
A4: Maudlin
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

One rescue team reported only 2,300 survivors from the town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County, out of a total population of about 9,000. 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan alone; in the same location, 10,000 people were injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. The old county seat of Beichuan was abandoned and preserved as part of the Beichuan Earthquake Museum. Eight schools were toppled in Dujiangyan. A 56-year-old was killed in Dujiangyan during a rescue attempt on the Lingyanshan Ropeway, where due to the earthquake 11 tourists from Taiwan had been trapped inside cable cars since May 13. A 4-year-old boy named Zhu Shaowei (traditional Chinese: 朱紹維; simplified Chinese: 朱绍维; pinyin: Zhū Shàowéi) was also killed in Mianzhu City when a house collapsed on him and another was reported missing.

Q1: How many survivors were there from Yingxiu?
A1: 2,300
Q2: Where is Yingxiu located?
A2: in Wenchuan
Q3: How many people in total lived in Yingxiu?
A3: 9,000
Q4: How many people were killed in Beichuan County?
A4: 3,000 to 5,000
Q5: How many people were injured in Beichuan County?
A5: 10,000
Q6: How many survivors were there in the town of Yingxiu?
A6: 2,300
Q7: What was the previous population of Yingxiu?
A7: about 9,000
Q8: How many residents were killed in Beichuan County?
A8: 3,000 to 5,000
Q9: How large was the number of injured in Beichuan County?
A9: 10,000
Q10: What is the number of schools that collapsed in Dujiangyan?
A10: Eight schools
Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Topic: Natural sciences

One result of debates over the meaning and validity of the concept of race is that the current literature across different disciplines regarding human variation lacks consensus, though within some fields, such as some branches of anthropology, there is strong consensus. Some studies use the word race in its early essentialist taxonomic sense. Many others still use the term race, but use it to mean a population, clade, or haplogroup. Others eschew the concept of race altogether, and use the concept of population as a less problematic unit of analysis.

Q1: What does the current literature regarding human variation lack?
A1: consensus
Q2: What do some studies use the word race in the sense of?
A2: taxonomic
Q3: What term do some use to mean population, clade, or haplogroup?
A3: race
Q4: What do some eschew altogether? 
A4: the concept of race
Q5: What is a less problematic unit of analysis?
A5: concept of population
Title: Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy
Topic: Geography and places

One senator represents the island in the French Senate. The first election was held on 21 September 2008 with the last election in September 2014. St. Barthélemy became an overseas territory of the European Union on 1 January 2012, but the island's inhabitants remain French citizens with EU status holding EU passports. France is responsible for the defence of the island and as such has stationed a security force on the island comprising six policemen and thirteen gendarmes (posted on two-year term).

Q1: How many senators represent St. Barts in France?
A1: One
Q2: What year was the first senate election held for the St. Barts?
A2: 2008
Q3: When was the last senate election in St. Barts?
A3: September 2014
Q4: What organization did St. Barts become a part of in 2012?
A4: the European Union
Q5: How many policemen does the French government pay for on St. Barts?
A5: thirteen
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

One significant consequence of the tension arising between Yugoslavia and Soviet Union, was that Tito fought Yugoslav Stalinists with Stalin's methods. In other words, Aleksandar Ranković and the State Security Service (UBDA) employed the same inhumane methods against their opponents as Stalin did in the Soviet Union against his. Not every person accused of a political crime was convicted and nobody was sentenced to death for his or her pro-Soviet feelings. However this repression, which lasted until 1956, was marked by significant violations of human rights.

Q1: Whose methods did Tito use to fight Yugoslav Stalinists?
A1: Stalin
Q2: Who used inhumane methods against oponents through the UBDA?
A2: Ranković
Q3: Until what year did the repression of the UBDA last?
A3: 1956
Q4: The work of the UBDA was due to tension between Yugoslavia and what country?
A4: Soviet Union
Q5: What is another name for the UBDA?
A5: State Security Service
Title: Premier_League
Topic: Sports and recreation

One significant feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s was the dominance of the so-called "Big Four" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United. During this decade, and particularly from 2002 to 2009, they dominated the top four spots, which came with UEFA Champions League qualification, taking all top four places in 5 out of 6 seasons from 2003–04 to 2008–09 inclusive, with Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League. In May 2008 Kevin Keegan stated that "Big Four" dominance threatened the division, "This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world." Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: "There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."

Q1: What was an important feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s?
A1: the dominance of the so-called "Big Four" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United
Q2: Which team had no losses in 2003-2004 and ended up winning the league?
A2: Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04
Q3: Why was Kevin Keegan concerned about the league in May of 2008?
A3: Kevin Keegan stated that "Big Four" dominance threatened the division,
Q4: Since 2003-04, has any club won all of its games like Arsenal did?
A4: Arsenal going as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League.
Q5: In how many season from 2003 to 2009 did the "Big Four" take all four top places in the UEFA Champions League?
A5: 5
Q6: Which of the "Big Four" teams did not lose a single game in the 2003-04 season?
A6: Arsenal
Q7: Who stated that "Big Four" dominance was a threat to the division?
A7: Kevin Keegan
Q8: Who said that all of the tussles in the Premier League made it interesting, even if only four teams dominated?
A8: Richard Scudamore
Q9: What was Richard Scudamore's job?
A9: Premier League chief executive
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

One significant part of treaty making is that signing a treaty implies recognition that the other side is a sovereign state and that the agreement being considered is enforceable under international law. Hence, nations can be very careful about terming an agreement to be a treaty. For example, within the United States, agreements between states are compacts and agreements between states and the federal government or between agencies of the government are memoranda of understanding.

Q1: What are agreements between states within the United States called?
A1: compacts
Q2: What are agreements between states and the federal government called within the United States?
A2: memoranda of understanding
Q3: In the United States, what are agreements between agencies of the federal government called?
A3: memoranda of understanding
Q4: Nations can be careful about terming an agreement a treaty because it has the effect of recognizing that the other side is a what?
A4: a sovereign state
Q5: Under what do all parties to a treaty recognize the provisions of the treaty are enforceable?
A5: international law
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

One species in particular received widespread attention—the whooping crane. The species' historical range extended from central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast. Unregulated hunting and habitat loss contributed to a steady decline in the whooping crane population until, by 1890, it had disappeared from its primary breeding range in the north central United States. It would be another eight years before the first national law regulating wildlife commerce was signed, and another two years before the first version of the endangered species act was passed. The whooping crane population by 1941 was estimated at about only 16 birds still in the wild.

Q1: What was the historical range of the whooping crane?
A1: central Canada South to Mexico, and from Utah to the Atlantic coast
Q2: What two issues caused steady decline in the whooping crane population?
A2: Unregulated hunting and habitat loss
Q3: What was the estimated population of the whooping crane in 1941?
A3: 16 birds
Q4: How many years after the noted absence of the whooping crane from its breeding range did the first law regulating wildlife commerce pass
A4: eight years
Title: Czech_language
Topic: Language and literature

One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze in Czech and Prahe in Slovak). The two lexicons are generally considered similar, with most differences in colloquial vocabulary and some scientific terminology. Slovak has slightly more borrowed words than Czech.

Q1: How much do the lexicons of Czech and Slovak differ, according to on study?
A1: by 80 percent
Q2: What was the high percentage of differing lexicons found to derive from?
A2: differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation
Q3: When is Slovak morphology more regular than Czech?
A3: when changing from the nominative to the locative case
Q4: The most differences between Czech and Slovak can be found in colloquial vocabulary as well as what?
A4: some scientific terminology
Q5: What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech?
A5: borrowed words
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

One such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers "a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions." These it arranges by region. The Egypt and the Near East region besides Egypt includes Cyprus, Persia and Afghanistan but not Asia Minor (a separate region).

Q1: What does CSAD stand for?
A1: Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents
Q2: Who founded the CSAD?
A2: Oxford University
Q3: Where is Oxford University?
A3: Great Britain
Title: Architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, others consider it to be a school in its own right and a later development of expressionist architecture.

Q1: What school was a response to Brutalism?
A1: the school of metaphoric architecture
Q2: What are two examples of metaphoric architecture?
A2: biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture
Q3: What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise?
A3: nature
Q4: What type of architecture do some consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of?
A4: expressionist architecture
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

One usage—the more common among linguists—refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is associated with a particular social class can be termed a sociolect, a dialect that is associated with a particular ethnic group can be termed as ethnolect, and a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect. According to this definition, any variety of a language constitutes "a dialect", including any standard varieties.

Q1: What is the common definition of dialect?
A1: a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers
Q2: What is the term dialect most often applied to?
A2: regional speech patterns
Q3: Aside from region, what is an example of a factor that may influence dialect?
A3: social class
Q4: What is a term for a dialect particular to a social class?
A4: sociolect
Q5: What do you call a dialect particular to a certain ethnicity?
A5: ethnolect
Title: Computer_security
Topic: Engineering and technology

One use of the term "computer security" refers to technology that is used to implement secure operating systems. In the 1980s the United States Department of Defense (DoD) used the "Orange Book" standards, but the current international standard ISO/IEC 15408, "Common Criteria" defines a number of progressively more stringent Evaluation Assurance Levels. Many common operating systems meet the EAL4 standard of being "Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed", but the formal verification required for the highest levels means that they are uncommon. An example of an EAL6 ("Semiformally Verified Design and Tested") system is Integrity-178B, which is used in the Airbus A380 and several military jets.

Q1: Technology that is used to implement secure operating systems is one use of what term?
A1: computer security
Q2: What does EAL stand for?
A2: Evaluation Assurance Levels
Q3: What is the standard of EAL4?
A3: Methodically Designed, Tested and Reviewed
Q4: What is the standard for EAL6?
A4: Semiformally Verified Design and Tested
Q5: What is an example of a system that meets EAL6?
A5: Integrity-178B
Title: Houston
Topic: History

One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession. After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry. Since the increase of oil prices in the 2000s, the petroleum industry has again increased its share of the local economy.

Q1: In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch?
A1: 1986
Q2: Why did Houston's economy have problems in the late 1980's?
A2: the nationwide recession
Q3: In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try to diversify it's economy?
A3: reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry
Q4: The petroleum industry has become a larger part of Houston's economy again for what reason?
A4: the increase of oil prices in the 2000s
Q5: What caused population growth to decline  in the 1980s?
A5: oil prices fell
Q6: Which shuttle disintegrated in 1986 to cause a decline in the space industry?
A6: Space Shuttle Challenger
Q7: When did Houston suffer an economic decline?
A7: late 1980s
Q8: What did Houston focus on after the 1990s recession to improve its economy?
A8: aerospace and health care
Q9: When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry?
A9: 2000s
Title: Infection
Topic: Natural sciences

One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture. Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).

Q1: What is one way of proving that a given disease is infectious?
A1: satisfy Koch's postulates
Q2: What must an infectious agent only be identified in to satisfy the first of Koch's postulates?
A2: patients and not in healthy controls
Q3: What is Koch's second postulate?
A3: patients who contract the agent also develop the disease
Q4: Why can't Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many human diseases?
A4: because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual
Q5: What is the causative spirochete of syphilis? 
A5: Treponema pallidum
Title: Tuberculosis
Topic: Natural sciences

One way to decrease stigma may be through the promotion of "TB clubs", where those infected may share experiences and offer support, or through counseling. Some studies have shown TB education programs to be effective in decreasing stigma, and may thus be effective in increasing treatment adherence. Despite this, studies on relationship between reduced stigma and mortality are lacking as of 2010, and similar efforts to decrease stigma surrounding AIDS have been minimally effective. Some have claimed the stigma to be worse than the disease, and healthcare providers may unintentionally reinforce stigma, as those with TB are often perceived as difficult or otherwise undesirable. A greater understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of tuberculosis may also help with stigma reduction.

Q1: What groups might help tuberculosis patients share with and support each other?
A1: TB clubs
Q2: Education about TB seems to decrease the stigma of the disease and lead to what other positive effect?
A2: increasing treatment adherence
Q3: What do some people say is even worse than the effects of tuberculosis itself?
A3: the stigma
Q4: What group of people can add to the TB stigma by treating patients as troublesome or unwanted?
A4: healthcare providers
Q5: As recently as what year were there no studies on how TB mortality is connected to stigma?
A5: 2010
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

One way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories "immediate return" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and "delayed return" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed return foragers store the surplus food (Kelly, 31).

Q1: What  does the immediate return system mean?
A1: egalitarian
Q2: To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong?
A2: nonegalitarian
Q3: Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two?
A3: immediate return
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages. In the years since, it has sold more than 30 million copies and been translated into more than 40 languages. The novel has never been out of print in hardcover or paperback, and has become part of the standard literature curriculum. A 2008 survey of secondary books read by students between grades 9–12 in the U.S. indicates the novel is the most widely read book in these grades. A 1991 survey by the Book of the Month Club and the Library of Congress Center for the Book found that To Kill a Mockingbird was rated behind only the Bible in books that are "most often cited as making a difference".[note 1] It is considered by some to be the Great American Novel.

Q1: After one year when To Kill a Mockingbird first came out, how many languages has it been printed in?
A1: ten
Q2: Up til today, how many languages has To Kill a Mockingbird been printed in?
A2: 40
Q3: How many copies has To Kill a Mockingbird sold since it first came out?
A3: 30 million
Q4: How many copies of the book have been sold?
A4: more than 30 million
Q5: How many languages has the book been translated into?
A5: more than 40
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christmas lights. In cold climates, LED traffic lights may remain snow-covered. Red or yellow LEDs are used in indicator and alphanumeric displays in environments where night vision must be retained: aircraft cockpits, submarine and ship bridges, astronomy observatories, and in the field, e.g. night time animal watching and military field use.

Q1: What type of light is ideal for traffic signals?
A1: One-color light
Q2: In what year were luminescence standards set?
A2: 1972
Q3: What color LEDs are used when night vision is important?
A3: Red or yellow
Q4: What is an example of a night vision needed area?
A4: astronomy observatories
Q5: What is another use for one-color light?
A5: exit signs
Title: Tuberculosis
Topic: Natural sciences

One-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000. About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 5–10% of people in the United States population tests positive by the tuberculin test. Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times.

Q1: How much of the entire population of the planet is estimated to be carrying tuberculosis?
A1: One-third
Q2: How many cases of tuberculosis were active over the course of 2014?
A2: 9.6 million
Q3: In 2014, how many people died from TB?
A3: 1.5 million
Q4: Does the majority of fatalities from TB occur in developing countries or industrialized nations?
A4: developing countries
Q5: Has TB infection increased or decreased worldwide since the start of the 21st century?
A5: decreased
Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States
Topic: History

Ongoing political tensions between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies reached a crisis in 1774 when the British placed the province of Massachusetts under martial law after the Patriots protested taxes they regarded as a violation of their constitutional rights as Englishmen. When shooting began at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, militia units from across New England rushed to Boston and bottled up the British in the city. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly created Continental Army, which was augmented throughout the war by colonial militia. He drove the British out of Boston but in late summer 1776 they returned to New York and nearly captured Washington's army. Meanwhile, the revolutionaries expelled British officials from the 13 states, and declared themselves an independent nation on July 4, 1776.

Q1: When did Britain declare martial law in a North American colony?
A1: 1774
Q2: What colony was placed under martial law?
A2: Massachusetts
Q3: What were the first conflicts of the American Revolution?
A3: Lexington and Concord
Q4: Who appointed Washington to serve as commander in chief?
A4: The Continental Congress
Q5: When did the colonies declare independence?
A5: July 4, 1776
Title: Guinea-Bissau
Topic: Geography and places

Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The main religions are African traditional religions and Islam; there is a Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) minority. The country's per-capita gross domestic product is one of the lowest in the world.

Q1: What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese?
A1: 14%
Q2: What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo?
A2: 44%
Q3: What are the two main religions?
A3: African traditional religions and Islam
Q4: What is their gross domestic product status?
A4: one of the lowest in the world
Q5: What is the minority religion?
A5: Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Title: Umayyad_Caliphate
Topic: History

Only Umayyad ruler (Caliphs of Damascus), Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, is unanimously praised by Sunni sources for his devout piety and justice. In his efforts to spread Islam he established liberties for the Mawali by abolishing the jizya tax for converts to Islam. Imam Abu Muhammad Adbullah ibn Abdul Hakam stated that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz also stopped the personal allowance offered to his relatives stating that he could only give them an allowance if he gave an allowance to everyone else in the empire. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz was later poisoned in the year 720. When successive governments tried to reverse Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's tax policies it created rebellion.

Q1: What Umayyad ruler is regarded as especially just and pious by Sunni scholars?
A1: Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
Q2: For whom did Umar end the jizya?
A2: converts to Islam
Q3: In what year did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz die?
A3: 720
Q4: What was Umar ibn Ad al-Aziz's cause of death?
A4: poisoned
Q5: What group did Umar ibn Ad Al-Aziz grant liberties to?
A5: Mawali
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals.

Q1: How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?
A1: Only a few
Q2: What do modern hunter-gatherers use to produce food in addition to gathering?
A2: horticulture and/or keeping animals
Q3: Who uses agriculture and animal domestication to supplement their food?
A3: hunter-gatherers
Q4: Besides  agriculture, how do gatherers add to their food supply?
A4: keeping animals
Q5: In addition to domesticated animals, how do gatherers supplement their food?
A5: horticulture
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

Only a few towns in western Libya—such as Bani Walid, Sebha and Sirte—remained Gaddafist strongholds. Retreating to Sirte after Tripoli's fall, Gaddafi announced his willingness to negotiate for a handover to a transitional government, a suggestion rejected by the NTC. Surrounding himself with bodyguards, he continually moved residences to escape NTC shelling, devoting his days to prayer and reading the Qur'an. On 20 October, Gaddafi broke out of Sirte's District 2 in a joint civilian-military convoy, hoping to take refuge in the Jarref Valley. At around 8.30am, NATO bombers attacked, destroying at least 14 vehicles and killing at least 53. The convoy scattered, and Gaddafi and those closest to him fled to a nearby villa, which was shelled by rebel militia from Misrata. Fleeing to a construction site, Gaddafi and his inner cohort hid inside drainage pipes while his bodyguards battled the rebels; in the conflict, Gaddafi suffered head injuries from a grenade blast while defence minister Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr was killed.

Q1: In what geographic part of Libya is Bani Walid located?
A1: western
Q2: After Tripoli was conquered, where did Gaddafi go?
A2: Sirte
Q3: Leaving Sirte, what valley did Gaddafi hope to travel to?
A3: Jarref
Q4: About how many people were killed in the October 20 bombing of Gaddafi's convoy?
A4: 53
Q5: After fleeing to a construction site, how was Gaddafi injured?
A5: grenade blast
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

Only insects which live in nests or colonies demonstrate any true capacity for fine-scale spatial orientation or homing. This can allow an insect to return unerringly to a single hole a few millimeters in diameter among thousands of apparently identical holes clustered together, after a trip of up to several kilometers' distance. In a phenomenon known as philopatry, insects that hibernate have shown the ability to recall a specific location up to a year after last viewing the area of interest. A few insects seasonally migrate large distances between different geographic regions (e.g., the overwintering areas of the Monarch butterfly).:14

Q1: Insects with fine scale spatial orientation live in colonies and where else?
A1: nests
Q2: Some insects have a fine scale spatial orientation and/or what else?
A2: homing
Q3: Spacial orientation/homing allows an insect to return to one specific hole among how many?
A3: thousands
Q4: An insect recalling a specific location for up to a year is called what?
A4: philopatry
Q5: An insect that can recall a specific location for up to a year does what?
A5: hibernate
Title: LaserDisc
Topic: Engineering and technology

Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc player that is capable of playing digital tracks, has a digital optical output for digital PCM and DTS audio, is aware of AC-3 audio tracks, and has an AC-3 coaxial output; an external or internal AC-3 RF demodulator and AC-3 decoder; and a DTS decoder. Many 1990s A/V receivers combine the AC-3 decoder and DTS decoder logic, but an integrated AC-3 demodulator is rare both in LaserDisc players and in later A/V receivers.

Q1: Are integrated AC-3 demodulators common in LaserDisc players or a rare find?
A1: rare
Q2: How many 5.1 surround sound options exist in LaserDiscs?
A2: Only one
Q3: What type of decoder logic is common in 1990s A/V receivers?
A3: DTS
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

Only scant remains prove that mosaics were still used in the Early Middle Ages. The Abbey of Saint-Martial in Limoges, originally an important place of pilgrimage, was totally demolished during the French Revolution except its crypt which was rediscovered in the 1960s. A mosaic panel was unearthed which was dated to the 9th century. It somewhat incongruously uses cubes of gilded glass and deep green marble, probably taken from antique pavements. This could also be the case with the early 9th century mosaic found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin in Picardy, where antique motifs are copied but using only simple colors. The mosaics in the Cathedral of Saint-Jean at Lyon have been dated to the 11th century because they employ the same non-antique simple colors. More fragments were found on the site of Saint-Croix at Poitiers which might be from the 6th or 9th century.

Q1: What proves mosaics were used in the early middle ages?
A1: scant remains
Q2: Where is the Abbey of Saint-Martial?
A2: Limoges
Q3: When was the crypt of the Abbey of Saint-Martial re-discovered?
A3: the 1960s
Q4: What was found under the Basilica of Saint-Quentin?
A4: 9th century mosaic
Q5: What common element do mosaic panels from the 11th century have?
A5: simple colors
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days. The navy, most army, and some other units have, for very specific occasions, a ceremonial/regimental full dress, such as the naval "high-collar" white uniform, kilted Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments, and the scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges.

Q1: What is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion?
A1: service dress
Q2: What other parts are there to a uniform?
A2: gloves, swords, and medals
Q3: What is now the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF?
A3: operational dress is now the daily uniform
Q4: What can be worn in cold winter weather?
A4: Approved parkas
Q5: What is only worn for very specific occasions?
A5: a ceremonial/regimental full dress
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.

Q1: What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?
A1: the Theravada
Q2: The modern Theravada school stablished itself in what country?
A2: Sri Lanka
Q3: What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory?
A3: hinayana
Title: Web_browser
Topic: Engineering and technology

Opera debuted in 1996; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. It is also available on several other embedded systems, including Nintendo's Wii video game console.

Q1: Opera was introduced in what year?
A1: 1996
Q2: What accounted for 1.1% of browser use in April 2011?
A2: Opera-mini version
Q3: Opera focused on which quickly growing market?
A3: mobile phone web browser
Q4: Opera is also available on which video game console?
A4: Nintendo's Wii
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used.

Q1: What is the typical maximum range of universal motors?
A1: 1000 watts
Q2: What type of motor was used in trailway traction applications?
A2: universal
Q3: What is the result of using AC power on a DC motor?
A3: efficiency losses
Q4: What were universal motor pole pieces constructed from?
A4: solid (un-laminated) iron
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA.

Q1: What was Rommel's rank?
A1: Generalfeldmarschall
Q2: Who commanded II Corps before being removed by Eisenhower?
A2: Lloyd Fredendall
Q3: Who commanded the UK's Eighth Army?
A3: Bernard Montgomery
Q4: When did Eisenhower receive authority over the British Eighth Army?
A4: February 1943
Q5: What did Eisenhower command after he commanded ETOUSA?
A5: NATOUSA
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operational readiness of the system to be supported, and/or to become part of the production environment. Hence, it is also known as operational readiness testing (ORT) or Operations readiness and assurance (OR&A) testing. Functional testing within OAT is limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system.

Q1: What is the term used to test software during a pre-release?
A1: Operational Acceptance
Q2: What does Operational Acceptance focus on?
A2: operational readiness of the system
Q3: What is Operational Acceptance limited to while testing?
A3: limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system
Title: Myanmar
Topic: Geography and places

Opinions differ whether the transition to liberal democracy is underway. According to some reports, the military's presence continues as the label 'disciplined democracy' suggests. This label asserts that the Burmese military is allowing certain civil liberties while clandestinely institutionalising itself further into Burmese politics. Such an assertion assumes that reforms only occurred when the military was able to safeguard its own interests through the transition—here, "transition" does not refer to a transition to a liberal democracy, but transition to a quasi-military rule.

Q1: Is Burma now a democratic nation?
A1: Opinions differ whether the transition to liberal democracy is underway
Q2: Does the military still have a government presence in Burma ?
A2: the military's presence continues
Q3: What type of government does Burma operate under ?
A3: 'disciplined democracy
Q4: Does the military presence interfere with the day to day running of the government ?
A4: reforms only occurred when the military was able to safeguard its own interests
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

Opponents argue that actual energy savings are inconclusive, that DST increases health risks such as heart attack, that DST can disrupt morning activities, and that the act of changing clocks twice a year is economically and socially disruptive and cancels out any benefit. Farmers have tended to oppose DST.

Q1: What major health risk do people who oppose DST say it increases?
A1: heart attack
Q2: What profession is more likely to want to repeal DST: farmers or shopkeepers?
A2: Farmers
Q3: What adjective would those against DST use to describe the energy savings touted by supporters?
A3: inconclusive
Q4: What time of day do opponents of daylight savings believe is disrupted the most by the time shift?
A4: morning
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitrariness with which it is administered and the systemic influence of racial, socio-economic, geographic, and gender bias on determinations of desert make the current practice of capital punishment immoral and illegitimate.

Q1: Along with gender, geography and race, what bias do some opponents of the death penalty see in its administration?
A1: socio-economic
Q2: According to opponents of the death penalty, what does the death penalty cheapen?
A2: human life
Q3: According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government?
A3: criminals involved in murder
Q4: What do death penalty opponents argue that capital punishment isn't effective at doing?
A4: deterring crime
Q5: Who do death penalty opponents believe may sometimes be executed?
A5: the innocent
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

Opponents of the Endangered Species Act argue that with over 2,000 endangered species listed, and only 28 delisted due to recovery, the success rate of 1% over nearly three decades proves that there needs to be serious reform in their methods to actually help the endangered animals and plants. Others argue that the ESA may encourage preemptive habitat destruction by landowners who fear losing the use of their land because of the presence of an endangered species; known colloquially as "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up." One example of such perverse incentives is the case of a forest owner who, in response to ESA listing of the red-cockaded woodpecker, increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat. While no studies have shown that the Act's negative effects, in total, exceed the positive effects, many economists believe that finding a way to reduce such perverse incentives would lead to more effective protection of endangered species.

Q1: How many species are currently listed?
A1: over 2,000
Q2: What is the success rate of the list and the Endangered Species Act initiatives?
A2: 1%
Q3: What is the name given to the act of pre-emptive habitat destruction by landowners fearing a protected species?
A3: "Shoot, Shovel and Shut-Up."
Q4: How did a land owner impact the protected red-cockaded woodpecker species?
A4: increased harvesting and shortened the age at which he harvests his trees to ensure that they do not become old enough to become suitable habitat
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

Opposition to the union mounted among some of Syria's key elements, namely the socioeconomic, political, and military elites. In response to Syria's worsening economy, which Nasser attributed to its control by the bourgeoisie, in July 1961, Nasser decreed socialist measures that nationalized wide-ranging sectors of the Syrian economy. He also dismissed Sarraj in September to curb the growing political crisis. Aburish states that Nasser was not fully capable of addressing Syrian problems because they were "foreign to him". In Egypt, the economic situation was more positive, with a GNP growth of 4.5 percent and a rapid growth of industry. In 1960, Nasser nationalized the Egyptian press, which had already been cooperating with his government, in order to steer coverage towards the country's socioeconomic issues and galvanize public support for his socialist measures.

Q1: What Syrian social group opposed the UAR?
A1: elites
Q2: How was Syria's economy fairing under the arrangement?
A2: worsening
Q3: How did Nasser respond to economic problems in Syria?
A3: nationalized wide-ranging sectors of the Syrian economy
Q4: What did Nasser do to Sarraj to try and help the political situation?
A4: dismissed
Q5: What industry did Nassir nationalize in 1960?
A5: press
Title: Diarrhea
Topic: Natural sciences

Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green coconut water, weak tea (unsweetened), and unsweetened fresh fruit juices can have from half a teaspoon to full teaspoon of salt (from one-and-a-half to three grams) added per liter. Clean plain water can also be one of several fluids given. There are commercial solutions such as Pedialyte, and relief agencies such as UNICEF widely distribute packets of salts and sugar. A WHO publication for physicians recommends a homemade ORS consisting of one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added (approximately the "taste of tears"). Rehydration Project recommends adding the same amount of sugar but only one-half a teaspoon of salt, stating that this more dilute approach is less risky with very little loss of effectiveness. Both agree that drinks with too much sugar or salt can make dehydration worse.

Q1: What can be used to prevent dehydration?
A1: Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
Q2: What are some good standard home solutions?
A2: salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt
Q3: What is a commercial solution that can also be used?
A3: Pedialyte
Q4: What is the WHO's recipe for ORS?
A4: one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added
Title: Cotton
Topic: Natural sciences

Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, organic cotton plantations are required to enforce the National Organic Program (NOP). This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops. As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24 countries, and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more than 50% per year.

Q1: What are organic plants understood to be?
A1: not genetically modified
Q2: Without what are organic plants meant to be grown ? 
A2: synthetic agricultural chemicals
Q3: What is meant by synthetic chemicals?
A3: fertilizers or pesticides
Q4: What group in the US determines the allowed practices in organic agriculture?
A4: National Organic Program
Q5: How much organic cotton was produced worldwide in 2007?
A5: 265,517 bales