LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Eritrea
Topic: Natural sciences

The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia.

Q1: What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates?
A1: modern-day Eritrea
Q2: When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea?
A2: 1947
Q3: What was the result of the War of Independence?
A3: Eritrean independence
Q4: What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000?
A4: Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia
Q5: What subsequently led to the Eritran War of Independence?
A5: annexation
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (Hessen), Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), North Rhine Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Schleswig-Holstein, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. West Berlin, while officially not part of the Federal Republic, was largely integrated and considered as a de facto state.

Q1: When was the Federal Republic of Germany created
A1: 1949
Q2: Which countries administrations was the Federal Republic of Germany previously under?
A2: American, British, and French
Q3: Which city was originally not a part of the Federal Republic of Germany?
A3: West Berlin
Q4: What was the Federal Republic of Germany created in the aftermath of?
A4: World War II
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The creation of the public sphere has been associated with two long-term historical trends: the rise of the modern nation state and the rise of capitalism. The modern nation state, in its consolidation of public power, created by counterpoint a private realm of society independent of the state, which allowed for the public sphere. Capitalism also increased society's autonomy and self-awareness, and an increasing need for the exchange of information. As the nascent public sphere expanded, it embraced a large variety of institutions; the most commonly cited were coffee houses and cafés, salons and the literary public sphere, figuratively localized in the Republic of Letters. In France, the creation of the public sphere was helped by the aristocracy's move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris in about 1720, since their rich spending stimulated the trade in luxuries and artistic creations, especially fine paintings.

Q1: The creation of the public sphere is associated with the rise of capitalism and which other historical trend?
A1: rise of the modern nation state
Q2: What increased society's autonomy, self-awareness, and need for exchange of information?
A2: Capitalism
Q3: In what year did the aristocracy move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris?
A3: 1720
Title: Karl_Popper
Topic: Natural sciences

The creation–evolution controversy in the United States raises the issue of whether creationistic ideas may be legitimately called science and whether evolution itself may be legitimately called science. In the debate, both sides and even courts in their decisions have frequently invoked Popper's criterion of falsifiability (see Daubert standard). In this context, passages written by Popper are frequently quoted in which he speaks about such issues himself. For example, he famously stated "Darwinism is not a testable scientific theory, but a metaphysical research program—a possible framework for testable scientific theories." He continued:

Q1: Which of Popper's notions is often invoked in creation-evolution debates?
A1: criterion of falsifiability
Q2: What kind of research program did Popper call Darwinism?
A2: metaphysical
Q3: What phrase did Popper use to describe Darwinism's relation to proper falsifiable theories?
A3: possible framework
Q4: Popper's philosophy is often applied in what political debate concerning biological science?
A4: creation–evolution
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos, descendants of the Muslim population that converted to Christianity under threat of exile from Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502. From 1609 through 1614, the Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa. They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon, where they constituted a fifth of the population, and the Valencia area specifically, where they were roughly a third of the total population. The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi in 1613. The Crown endeavoured to compensate the nobles, who had lost much of their agricultural labour force; this harmed the economy of the city for generations to come. Later, during the so-called Catalan Revolt (1640–1652), Valencia contributed to the cause of Philip IV with militias and money, resulting in a period of further economic hardship exacerbated by the arrival of troops from other parts of Spain.

Q1: What people group was descended from Muslim converts to Christianity?
A1: Moriscos
Q2: When were the Jews expelled?
A2: 1609
Q3: Where did the Moriscos go when they were forced out of Spain?
A3: North Africa
Q4: What proportion of the Valencia area's population were the Moriscos?
A4: a third
Q5: When was the Taula de Canvi bankrupted?
A5: 1613
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

The critic Joseph Bédier (1864–1938) launched a particularly withering attack on stemmatics in 1928. He surveyed editions of medieval French texts that were produced with the stemmatic method, and found that textual critics tended overwhelmingly to produce trees divided into just two branches. He concluded that this outcome was unlikely to have occurred by chance, and that therefore, the method was tending to produce bipartite stemmas regardless of the actual history of the witnesses. He suspected that editors tended to favor trees with two branches, as this would maximize the opportunities for editorial judgment (as there would be no third branch to "break the tie" whenever the witnesses disagreed). He also noted that, for many works, more than one reasonable stemma could be postulated, suggesting that the method was not as rigorous or as scientific as its proponents had claimed.

Q1: What was Joseph Bédier's main criticism of the stemmatic method?
A1: critics tended overwhelmingly to produce trees divided into just two branches.
Q2: Why is a methos that only produces two branches seen as inferior?
A2: the method was tending to produce bipartite stemmas regardless of the actual history of the witnesses.
Q3: To what did Joseph Bédier attribute the prevalence of the stemmatic method?
A3: editors tended to favor trees with two branches
Q4: Why would editors only want two alternative branches when analyzing a text?
A4: this would maximize the opportunities for editorial judgment
Q5: What was the final implication of Joseph Bédier's analysis of the stemmatic method?
A5: the method was not as rigorous or as scientific as its proponents had claimed.
Title: Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Topic: History

The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Brotherhood, but also communists, and the dismissal of 140 officers loyal to Naguib. Eight Brotherhood leaders were sentenced to death, although the sentence of its chief ideologue, Sayyid Qutb, was commuted to a 15-year imprisonment. Naguib was removed from the presidency and put under house arrest, but was never tried or sentenced, and no one in the army rose to defend him. With his rivals neutralized, Nasser became the undisputed leader of Egypt.

Q1: What event did Nasser exploit to his advantage?
A1: assassination attempt
Q2: To what group did many of the arrested dissenters belong?
A2: Brotherhood
Q3: Who avoided a death sentence in favor of 15 years in jail?
A3: Sayyid Qutb
Q4: Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil?
A4: house arrest
Q5: Who assumed total control of Egypt?
A5: Nasser
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, which had been captured by Saladin (d. 1193) in 1187.[Z] In 1203, the Fourth Crusade was diverted from the Holy Land to Constantinople, and captured the city in 1204, setting up a Latin Empire of Constantinople and greatly weakening the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines recaptured the city in 1261, but never regained their former strength. By 1291 all the crusader states had been captured or forced from the mainland, although a titular Kingdom of Jerusalem survived on the island of Cyprus for several years afterwards.

Q1: What was the purpose of the Third Crusade?
A1: to regain Jerusalem
Q2: Who took Jerusalem in 1187?
A2: Saladin
Q3: In what year did the Fourth Crusade occur?
A3: 1203
Q4: What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade?
A4: Latin Empire of Constantinople
Q5: After 1291, where did the titular King of Jerusalem reside?
A5: Cyprus
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence to anyone who took part. Tens of thousands of people from all levels of society mobilised across Europe and captured Jerusalem in 1099. One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews that often took place as the crusaders left their countries for the East. These were especially brutal during the First Crusade, when the Jewish communities in Cologne, Mainz, and Worms were destroyed, and other communities in cities between the rivers Seine and Rhine suffered destruction. Another outgrowth of the crusades was the foundation of a new type of monastic order, the military orders of the Templars and Hospitallers, which fused monastic life with military service.

Q1: What pope launched the First crusade?
A1: Urban II
Q2: At what gathering was the First Crusade preached?
A2: the Council of Clermont
Q3: In what year was the First Crusade proclaimed?
A3: 1095
Q4: What Byzantine Emperor's request for assistance led to the First Crusade?
A4: Alexios I Komnenos
Q5: In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?
A5: 1099
Title: Switzerland
Topic: Geography and places

The cuisine of Switzerland is multifaceted. While some dishes such as fondue, raclette or rösti are omnipresent through the country, each region developed its own gastronomy according to the differences of climate and languages.  Traditional Swiss cuisine uses ingredients similar to those in other European countries, as well as unique dairy products and cheeses such as Gruyère or Emmental, produced in the valleys of Gruyères and Emmental. The number of fine-dining establishments is high, particularly in western Switzerland.

Q1: What part of Switzerland has a particularly high number of fine-dining establishments?
A1: western Switzerland
Q2: What unique dairy cheese is produced in the Swiss valleys of Gruyeres?
A2: Gruyère
Q3: What differences primarily dictated some of the regional variations in Swiss cuisine?
A3: climate and languages
Q4: What dairy product is produced in the valley of Emmental?
A4: Emmental
Q5: How do the ingredients of traditional Swiss cuisine compare to that of other European countries?
A5: similar
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

The cuisine of Tuvalu is based on the staple of coconut and the many species of fish found in the ocean and lagoons of the atolls. Desserts made on the islands include coconut and coconut milk, instead of animal milk. The traditional foods eaten in Tuvalu are pulaka, taro, bananas, breadfruit and coconut. Tuvaluans also eat seafood, including coconut crab and fish from the lagoon and ocean. A traditional food source is seabirds (taketake or black noddy and akiaki or white tern), with pork being eaten mostly at fateles (or parties with dancing to celebrate events).

Q1: What is the stable protein  of Tuvalu?
A1: fish
Q2: What vegetable features in the Tuvalu diet?
A2: coconut
Q3: What kind of milk has been replaced with coconut milk on Tuvalu?
A3: animal
Q4: What type of meat is eaten on Tuvalu?
A4: seabirds
Q5: At what event is pork traditionally eaten on Tuvalu?
A5: fateles
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The cult centers of Apollo in Greece, Delphi and Delos, date from the 8th century BCE. The Delos sanctuary was primarily dedicated to Artemis, Apollo's twin sister. At Delphi, Apollo was venerated as the slayer of Pytho. For the Greeks, Apollo was all the Gods in one and through the centuries he acquired different functions which could originate from different gods. In archaic Greece he was the prophet, the oracular god who in older times was connected with "healing". In classical Greece he was the god of light and of music, but in popular religion he had a strong function to keep away evil. Walter Burkert discerned three components in the prehistory of Apollo worship, which he termed "a Dorian-northwest Greek component, a Cretan-Minoan component, and a Syro-Hittite component."

Q1: Who was Apollo's twin sister?
A1: Artemis
Q2: To whom was the Delos sanctuary dedicated?
A2: Artemis
Q3: Who discerned three components in the prehistory of Apollo worship?
A3: Walter Burkert
Title: Grape
Topic: Natural sciences

The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000–8,000 years ago in the Near East. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the innovation of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia. The oldest winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[citation needed] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[citation needed] Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes,[citation needed] and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production[citation needed]. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.

Q1: How long ago were grapes first cultivated?
A1: 6,000–8,000 years ago
Q2: What microorganisms are naturally found on a grapes skin?
A2: Yeast
Q3: Where is the oldest know winery located?
A3: Armenia
Q4: What city is Syrah red wine believed to have been named after?
A4: Shiraz
Q5: How do we know that wine was made in ancient Egypt?
A5: hieroglyphics
Title: Copper
Topic: History

The cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. Romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries BC used copper lumps as money. At first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. Julius Caesar had his own coins made from brass, while Octavianus Augustus Caesar's coins were made from Cu-Pb-Sn alloys. With an estimated annual output of around 15,000 t, Roman copper mining and smelting activities reached a scale unsurpassed until the time of the Industrial Revolution; the provinces most intensely mined were those of Hispania, Cyprus and in Central Europe.

Q1: What did Romans use as money in the 6th through 3rd centuriesBC?
A1: copper lumps
Q2: Who had his own coins produced out of brass?
A2: Julius Caesar
Q3: During the 6th through 3rd centuries BC how much copper was mined in Rome?
A3: 15,000 t
Q4: Cctavianus Augustus Caesar had his coins made out of what alloys?
A4: Cu-Pb-Sn alloys
Q5: What became more important than the copper value for Roman coins?
A5: the shape and look
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

The culture in Southeast Asia is very diverse: on mainland Southeast Asia, the culture is a mix of Indochinese (Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand) and Chinese (Singapore and Vietnam). While in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia the culture is a mix of indigenous Austronesian, Indian, Islamic, Western, and Chinese cultures. Also Brunei shows a strong influence from Arabia. Singapore and Vietnam show more Chinese influence in that Singapore, although being geographically a Southeast Asian nation, is home to a large Chinese majority and Vietnam was in China's sphere of influence for much of its history. Indian influence in Singapore is only evident through the Tamil migrants, which influenced, to some extent, the cuisine of Singapore. Throughout Vietnam's history, it has had no direct influence from India - only through contact with the Thai, Khmer and Cham peoples.

Q1: Arabia has a strong influence in which Southeast Asian country?
A1: Brunei
Q2: Singapore & Vietnam shows which influence predominantly?
A2: Chinese
Q3: The Indian influence is evident in which country through the Tamil migrants?
A3: Singapore
Title: Eritrea
Topic: Natural sciences

The culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by the country's location on the Red Sea coast. One of the most recognizable parts of Eritrean culture is the coffee ceremony. Coffee (Ge'ez ቡን būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life. During the coffee ceremony, there are traditions that are upheld. The coffee is served in three rounds: the first brew or round is called awel in Tigrinya meaning first, the second round is called kalaay meaning second, and the third round is called bereka meaning "to be blessed". If coffee is politely declined, then most likely tea ("shai" ሻሂ shahee) will instead be served.

Q1: What geographical location in Eritrea has largely shaped the culture of Eritrea?
A1: Red Sea coast
Q2: What is one of the most recognizable parts of Eritran culture that can be offered when visiting friends as well as being a daily staple of life?
A2: the coffee ceremony
Q3: How many rounds is coffee served in during a coffee ceremony?
A3: three
Q4: What do Eritrean's offer a person who declines coffee?
A4: most likely tea
Q5: What is the first round of the coffee ceremony called?
A5: awel
Title: Greece
Topic: Geography and places

The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece and continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its Greek Eastern continuation, the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. Other cultures and nations, such as the Latin and Frankish states, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Genoese Republic, and the British Empire have also left their influence on modern Greek culture, although historians credit the Greek War of Independence with revitalising Greece and giving birth to a single, cohesive entity of its multi-faceted culture.

Q1: Where did Greece culture begin?
A1: Mycenaean Greece
Q2: What do historians credit with revitalizing Greek culture?
A2: Greek War of Independence
Q3: The evolution of Grecian culture has evolved over what time period?
A3: thousands of years
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

The culture of Somalia is an amalgamation of traditions developed independently and through interaction with neighbouring and far away civilizations, such as other parts of Northeast Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, India and Southeast Asia.

Q1: Civilizations from what geographic part of Africa influenced Somali culture?
A1: Northeast
Q2: Civilizations from what geographic part of Asia influenced Somali culture?
A2: Southeast
Q3: What Asian country notable influenced Somali culture?
A3: India
Q4: Along with Northeast Africa, Southeast Asia and India, what locale had a significant influence on Somali culture?
A4: the Arabian Peninsula
Title: Everton_F.C.
Topic: History

The cup triumph was also Everton's passport to the Cup Winners' Cup—their first European campaign in the post-Heysel era. Progress under Joe Royle continued in 1995–96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership. A fifteenth-place finish the following season saw Royle resign towards the end of the campaign, to be temporarily replaced by club captain, Dave Watson. Howard Kendall was appointed Everton manager for the third time in 1997, but the appointment proved unsuccessful as Everton finished seventeenth in the Premiership; only avoiding relegation due to their superior goal difference over Bolton Wanderers. Former Rangers manager Walter Smith then took over from Kendall in the summer of 1998 but only managed three successive finishes in the bottom half of the table.

Q1: Who temporarily replaced Joe Royle as club captain after he resigned?
A1: Dave Watson
Q2: In what year was Howard Kendall appointed manager of the Everton FC for the third time?
A2: 1997
Q3: Who took over for Howard Kendall after his third attempt at managing the Everton FC was unsuccessful?
A3: Walter Smith
Q4: How many successive finishes did Walter Smith manage for the Everton FC?
A4: three
Q5: What rank did Everton place in the 1997 Premiership league?
A5: seventeenth
Title: Chicago_Cubs
Topic: Sports and recreation

The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.

Q1: Who had a majority interest in Cataline island  in 1919?
A1: William Wrigley Jr
Q2: What did Wrigley construct on the island to house the Cubs in Spring training?
A2: a ballpark
Q3: When did the Cubs choose to leave Catalina Island?
A3: 1951
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

The current "Precentor" (Head of Music) is Tim Johnson, and the School boasts eight organs and an entire building for music (performance spaces include the School Hall, the Farrer Theatre and two halls dedicated to music, the Parry Hall and the Concert Hall). Many instruments are taught, including obscure ones such as the didgeridoo. The School participates in many national competitions; many pupils are part of the National Youth Orchestra, and the School gives scholarships for dedicated and talented musicians. A former Precentor of the college, Ralph Allwood set up and organised Eton Choral Courses, which run at the School every summer.

Q1: What term is given to the Head of Music?
A1: "Precentor"
Q2: What is an example of a lesser-known instrument taught at Eton?
A2: didgeridoo
Q3: Who is the current Precentor?
A3: Tim Johnson
Q4: How many organs does Eton house?
A4: eight
Title: Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)
Topic: Warfare

The current Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of the British Armed Forces, is General Sir Nicholas Houghton, late Green Howards. He is supported by the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, by the professional heads of the three services of HM Armed Forces and by the Commander of Joint Forces Command.

Q1: What is the name of the person who is the current Chief of the Defence Staff?
A1: General Sir Nicholas Houghton
Q2: Who is the professional head of the British Armed Forces?
A2: Chief of the Defence Staff
Q3: The professional heads of what three services support the Chief of the Defence Staff?
A3: HM Armed Forces
Q4: Which person in the Joint Forces Command supports the Chief of the Defence Staff?
A4: the Commander
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

The current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit is defined as the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it, but actual charges—electrons—cannot pass through the dielectric layer of a capacitor. Rather, one electron accumulates on the negative plate for each one that leaves the positive plate, resulting in an electron depletion and consequent positive charge on one electrode that is equal and opposite to the accumulated negative charge on the other. Thus the charge on the electrodes is equal to the integral of the current as well as proportional to the voltage, as discussed above. As with any antiderivative, a constant of integration is added to represent the initial voltage V(t0). This is the integral form of the capacitor equation:

Q1: What is the definition of the current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit?
A1: the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it
Q2: For each electron that departs the positive plate, how many electrons build up on the negative plate?
A2: one electron accumulates on the negative plate
Q3: To what is the charge on the electrodes of a capacitor equal to?
A3: the integral of the current
Q4: To what is the charge on the electrodes of a capacitor proportional to?
A4: proportional to the voltage
Q5: When calculating the integral to determine the charge on the electrodes of a capacitor, what does the constant of integration that must be added represent?
A5: the initial voltage V(t0)
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

The current Mac product family uses Intel x86-64 processors. Apple introduced an emulator during the transition from PowerPC chips (called Rosetta), much as it did during the transition from Motorola 68000 architecture a decade earlier. The Macintosh is the only mainstream computer platform to have successfully transitioned to a new CPU architecture, and has done so twice. All current Mac models ship with at least 8 GB of RAM as standard other than the 1.4 GHz Mac Mini, MacBook Pro (without Retina Display), and MacBook Air. Current Mac computers use ATI Radeon or nVidia GeForce graphics cards as well as Intel graphics built into the main CPU. All current Macs (except for the MacBook Pro without Retina Display) do not ship with an optical media drive that includes a dual-function DVD/CD burner. Apple refers to this as a SuperDrive. Current Macs include two standard data transfer ports: USB and Thunderbolt (except for the MacBook (2015 version), which only has a USB-C port and headphone port). MacBook Pro, iMac, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini computers now also feature the "Thunderbolt" port, which Apple says can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second. USB was introduced in the 1998 iMac G3 and is ubiquitous today, while FireWire is mainly reserved for high-performance devices such as hard drives or video cameras. Starting with the then-new iMac G5, released in October 2005, Apple started to include built-in iSight cameras on appropriate models, and a media center interface called Front Row that can be operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer. Front Row has been discontinued as of 2011, however, and the Apple Remote is no longer bundled with new Macs.

Q1: What is the only mainstream computer platform to successfully transition to a new CPU architecture?
A1: Macintosh
Q2: What is the standard amount of RAM included with almost all current Mac models?
A2: 8 GB
Q3: Which MacBook Pro port can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second?
A3: Thunderbolt
Q4: When was the iMac G5 released?
A4: October 2005
Q5: Which interface did Apple introduce that was capable of being operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer?
A5: Front Row
Q6: What is the standard amount of RAM shipped with most Mac models?
A6: 8 GB
Q7: What processors are used by the current Mac product family?
A7: Intel x86-64
Q8: How many data transfer ports are included in most current Macs?
A8: two
Q9: According to Apple, how fast can the Thunderbolt port transfer data?
A9: up to 10 gigabits per second.
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

The current Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, of the United States House of Representatives serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the counterpart to the Majority Leader. Unlike the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader is on the ballot for Speaker of the House during the convening of the Congress. If the Minority Leader's party takes control of the House, and the party officers are all re-elected to their seats, the Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker for the next Congress, while the Minority Whip is typically in line to become Majority Leader. The Minority Leader usually meets with the Majority Leader and the Speaker to discuss agreements on controversial issues.

Q1: Who takes over as Speaker if the minority party gains control of the house?
A1: Minority Leader is usually the party's top choice for Speaker
Q2: What meetings do Minority and Majority leaders usually meet to discuss?
A2: agreements on controversial issues
Q3: Who is he current Minority leader?
A3: Nancy Pelosi
Q4: If minority party takes control of congress, who is usually in link to become majority leader?
A4: Minority Leader
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new features are implementation of Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) (which replace the old steam catapults) and unmanned aerial vehicles. With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012 (decommissioning scheduled for 2016), the U.S. fleet comprises 10 active supercarriers. On 24 July 2007, the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommended seven or eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier (estimated service 2016) compared to the smaller $2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships able to deploy squadrons of F-35B of which one is already active, another is under construction and nine more are planned.

Q1: What will some of the current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers be replaced with?
A1: the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class
Q2: Which feature of the new ships will replace the old steam catapults?
A2: Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS)
Q3: When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned?
A3: 2016
Q4: How much does the Gerald R. Ford-class carrier weigh?
A4: 100,000 ton
Q5: How much does the America-class amphibious assault ship weigh?
A5: 45,000 ton
Title: Republic_of_the_Congo
Topic: Geography and places

The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.

Q1: What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?
A1: stimulating recovery and reducing poverty
Q2: What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?
A2: Natural gas and diamonds
Q3: When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?
A3: 2007
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

The current economy of the city is basically newly developed based on the past. Service industries are dominating, accounting for about 60 percent of the GDP of the city, and financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry are top 3 of them. Industries of information technology, energy saving and environmental protection, new energy, smart power grid and intelligent equipment manufacturing have become pillar industries. Big private firms include Suning, Yurun, Sanpower, Fuzhong, Hiteker, 5stars, Jinpu, Tiandi, CTTQ Pharmaceutical and Simcere Pharmaceutical. Big state-owned firms include Panda Electronics, Yangzi Petrochemical, Jinling Petrochemical, Nanjing Chemical, Nanjing Steel, Jincheng Motors, Jinling Pharmaceutical, Chenguang and NARI. The city has also attracted foreign investment, multinational firms such as Siemens, Ericsson, Volkswagen, Iveco, A.O. Smith, and Sharp have established their lines, and a number of multinationals such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP established research center there. Many China-based leading firms such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have key R & D institutes in the city. Nanjing is an industrial technology research and development hub, hosting many R & D centers and institutions, especially in areas of electronics technology, information technology, computer software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology and new material technology.

Q1: What type of industries are now dominant in Nanjing?
A1: Service industries
Q2: How much of the city's GDP do the service industries contribute to?
A2: about 60 percent
Q3: Companies such as Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have built what in Nanjing?
A3: many R & D centers and institutions
Q4: Companies such as Ford, IBM, Lucent, Samsung and SAP have built what in Nanjing?
A4: research center
Q5: The top 3 industries in Nanjing are?
A5: financial industry, culture industry and tourism industry
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.

Q1: When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be?
A1: 1 February 1968
Q2: What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of?
A2: the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force
Q3: What prevented Canada from fully having their own army at the start?
A3: the British government
Q4: When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?
A4: 1931
Q5: What war aided Canadian legislative independence?
A5: the First World War
Title: Light-emitting_diode
Topic: Engineering and technology

The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small amount, the current rating may be exceeded by a large amount, potentially damaging or destroying the LED. The typical solution is to use constant-current power supplies to keep the current below the LED's maximum current rating. Since most common power sources (batteries, mains) are constant-voltage sources, most LED fixtures must include a power converter, at least a current-limiting resistor. However, the high resistance of three-volt coin cells combined with the high differential resistance of nitride-based LEDs makes it possible to power such an LED from such a coin cell without an external resistor.

Q1: How are LEDs similar to other diodes?
A1: the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage
Q2: What can cause a large change in current in LEDs?
A2: a small change in voltage
Q3: What is a solution to preventing an LED failure?
A3: use constant-current power supplies
Q4: What feature do most LED fixtures need to have?
A4: a power converter
Q5: What is a constant-voltage source?
A5: batteries
Title: Chinese_characters
Topic: Language and literature

The cursive script (草書(书), cǎoshū, literally "grass script") is used informally. The basic character shapes are suggested, rather than explicitly realized, and the abbreviations are sometimes extreme. Despite being cursive to the point where individual strokes are no longer differentiable and the characters often illegible to the untrained eye, this script (also known as draft) is highly revered for the beauty and freedom that it embodies. Some of the simplified Chinese characters adopted by the People's Republic of China, and some simplified characters used in Japan, are derived from the cursive script. The Japanese hiragana script is also derived from this script.

Q1: What script is used informally?
A1: cursive
Q2: What are suggested, rather than explicitly realized?
A2: basic character shapes
Q3: What script is derived from the cursive script?
A3: Japanese hiragana script
Title: Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Topic: History

The data indicate that the individual was from a population directly ancestral to present South American and Central American Native American populations, and closely related to present North American Native American populations. The implication is that there was an early divergence between North American and Central American plus South American populations. Hypotheses which posit that invasions subsequent to the Clovis culture overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas were ruled out.

Q1: What does the data indicate about the population the individual was from?
A1: directly ancestral
Q2: What populations is the individual closely related to?
A2: present North American Native American
Q3: What type of divergence is implicated to have occurred between North American and South American populations?
A3: early
Q4: Theories that there were invasions which overwhelmed or assimilated previous migrants into the Americas have been what?
A4: ruled out
Title: Classical_music
Topic: Music

The dates are generalizations, since the periods and eras overlap and the categories are somewhat arbitrary, to the point that some authorities reverse terminologies and refer to a common practice "era" comprising baroque, classical, and romantic "periods". For example, the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the Baroque era (or period), was continued by Haydn, who is classified as typical of the Classical era. Beethoven, who is often described as a founder of the Romantic era, and Brahms, who is classified as Romantic, also used counterpoint and fugue, but other characteristics of their music define their era.

Q1: What composer continued the counterpoint and fugue?
A1: Haydn
Q2: Haydn is classified as typical of what era?
A2: Classical
Q3: Who is described as a founder of the Romantic era?
A3: Beethoven
Q4: Who is classified as Romantic, but also uses counterpoint and fugue?
A4: Brahms
Q5: Some authorities reverse terminologies to refer to the common practice period as a what?
A5: era
Title: Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact
Topic: History

The day after the Pact was signed, the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov. On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation." That day, Hitler told the British ambassador to Berlin that the pact with the Soviets prevented Germany from facing a two front war, changing the strategic situation from that in World War I, and that Britain should accept his demands regarding Poland.

Q1: What was the response of  Kliment Voroshilov in regards to further conversations with Britain and France?
A1: no useful purpose
Q2: Who should accept the annexation of Poland?
A2: Britain
Q3: By accepting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what?
A3: facing a two front war
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent of murderers a death sentence, less than the national average. Texas, however, executed 40 percent of those sentenced, which was about four times higher than the national average. California had executed only 1 percent of those sentenced.

Q1: What percentage of murderers in the United States are given a death sentence?
A1: 2.5
Q2: How many murderers in Nevada were given a capital sentence?
A2: 6
Q3: What state notably executes 40% of those given the death penalty?
A3: Texas
Q4: What percentage of murderers in California are given the death penalty and subsequently executed?
A4: 1
Q5: How much higher is the rate of execution in Texas versus the national average?
A5: four times
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and concerns of the government. Article 18 of the constitution enabled a new delimitation of the German territory but set high hurdles: Three fifth of the votes handed in, and at least the majority of the population are necessary to decide on the alteration of territory. In fact, until 1933 there were only four changes in the configuration of the German states: The 7 Thuringian states were merged in 1920, whereby Coburg opted for Bavaria, Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1922, and Waldeck did so in 1929. Any later plans to break up the dominating Prussia into smaller states failed because political circumstances were not favorable to state reforms.

Q1: When did the debate on delimitation begin in Germany?
A1: 1919
Q2: Who was the father of the Weimar Constitution?
A2: Hugo Preuss
Q3: How many states was the German Reich to divided into?
A3: 14
Q4: Until 1933 how many configurations in the German states occurred? 
A4: four
Q5: When did Pyrmont join Prussia?
A5: 1922
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The debating societies discussed an extremely wide range of topics. Before the Enlightenment, most intellectual debates revolved around "confessional" – that is, Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist), or Anglican issues, and the main aim of these debates was to establish which bloc of faith ought to have the "monopoly of truth and a God-given title to authority". After this date everything thus previously rooted in tradition was questioned and often replaced by new concepts in the light of philosophical reason. After the second half of the 17th century and during the 18th century, a "general process of rationalization and secularization set in," and confessional disputes were reduced to a secondary status in favor of the "escalating contest between faith and incredulity".

Q1: Before the Enlightenment, most intellectual debates revoled around what subject?
A1: "confessional"
Q2: Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist), or Anglican issues were called what?
A2: "confessional"
Q3: During what time period did a "general process of rationalization and secularization set in"?
A3: second half of the 17th century and during the 18th century
Q4: The aim of confessional debates was to establish which bloc of faith should have what?
A4: the "monopoly of truth and a God-given title to authority"
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building. In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps was in operation. In 1885 the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system was built, becoming one of the worlds most extensive systems by 1890.

Q1: In what year was a telephone exchange established in Melbourne?
A1: 1880
Q2: When was the first electric light installed in the Eastern Market?
A2: 1881
Q3: In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built?
A3: 1885
Q4: In what building was the Melbourne Internation Exhibition of 1880 held?
A4: Exhibition Building
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna (Florence, 1581). The Italian word he used for "experiment" was esperienza. It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo, his eldest son (cf. Coelho, ed. Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei), arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history. Vincenzo, through his tuning research, found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of 'Pythagoras' hammers' (the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals, not the actual numbers, as believed), and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities, a radically empirical attitude developed, passed on to Galileo, which regarded "experience and demonstration" as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry.

Q1: When was Vincenzo Galilei born?
A1: ca. 1520
Q2: When did Vincenzo Galilei die?
A2: 1591
Q3: Who was Vincenzo Galilei's oldest son?
A3: Galileo
Q4: What does 'esperienza' mean?
A4: experiment