LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

The severe weather in the Alps has been studied since the 18th century; particularly the weather patterns such as the seasonal foehn wind. Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the early 20th century, providing continuous data for climatologists. Some of the valleys are quite arid such as the Aosta valley in Italy, the Maurienne in France, the Valais in Switzerland, and northern Tyrol.

Q1: Since when has the severe weather in the Alps been studied? 
A1: the 18th century
Q2: Particularly what part of the weather has been studied?
A2: the weather patterns
Q3: What was placed in the mountains early in the 20th century?
A3: Numerous weather stations
Q4: Where is the Aosta valley located?
A4: Italy
Q5: Where is the Valais located?
A5: Switzerland
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

The shallow waters of the Southeast Asian coral reefs have the highest levels of biodiversity for the world's marine ecosystems, where coral, fish and molluscs abound. According to Conservation International, marine surveys suggest that the marine life diversity in the Raja Ampat (Indonesia) is the highest recorded on Earth. Diversity is considerably greater than any other area sampled in the Coral Triangle composed of Indonesia, Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. The Coral Triangle is the heart of the world's coral reef biodiversity, the Verde Passage is dubbed by Conservation International as the world's "center of the center of marine shorefish biodiversity". The whale shark, the world's largest species of fish and 6 species of sea turtles can also be found in the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean territories of the Philippines.

Q1: Where on Earth is the highest marine activity recorded?
A1: Raja Ampat
Q2: Which areas are composed as the Coral Triangle?
A2: Indonesia, Philippines, and Papua New Guinea.
Q3: Which area is called the heart of the world's Coral reef biodiversity?
A3: The Coral Triangle
Q4: Name the largest species of fish in the world.
A4: The whale shark
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The shape and size of the brain varies greatly in different species, and identifying common features is often difficult. Nevertheless, there are a number of principles of brain architecture that apply across a wide range of species. Some aspects of brain structure are common to almost the entire range of animal species; others distinguish "advanced" brains from more primitive ones, or distinguish vertebrates from invertebrates.

Q1: Animals without a spine are called what?
A1: invertebrates
Title: Neolithic
Topic: History

The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorways were made on the roof, with ladders positioned both on the inside and outside of the houses. The roof was supported by beams from the inside. The rough ground was covered by platforms, mats, and skins on which residents slept. Stilt-houses settlements were common in the Alpine and Pianura Padana (Terramare) region. Remains have been found at the Ljubljana Marshes in Slovenia and at the Mondsee and Attersee lakes in Upper Austria, for example.

Q1: What lifestyle element changed significantly from the paleolithic to the neolithic era?
A1: shelter
Q2: What era consisted of people living temporary homes?
A2: paleolithic
Q3: What type of homes were built in the Neolithic era?
A3: mud brick houses
Q4: What societal trend was the cause of permanent homes?
A4: The growth of agriculture
Q5: Where were entrances located in early homes?
A5: Doorways were made on the roof
Title: Chicago_Cubs
Topic: Sports and recreation

The shift in the Cubs' fortunes was characterized June 23 on the "NBC Saturday Game of the Week" contest against the St. Louis Cardinals. it has since been dubbed simply "The Sandberg Game." With the nation watching and Wrigley Field packed, Sandberg emerged as a superstar with not one, but two game-tying home runs against Cardinals closer Bruce Sutter. With his shots in the 9th and 10th innings Wrigley Field erupted and Sandberg set the stage for a comeback win that cemented the Cubs as the team to beat in the East. No one would catch them, except the Padres in the playoffs.

Q1: What contest shift the Cubs' Fortunes? 
A1: NBC Saturday Game of the Week
Q2: What had the contest between the Cubs and the St. Louis Cardinals been dubbed as?
A2: The Sandberg Game
Q3: How many game-tying home runs did Sandberg get against the Cardinals at the Sandber Game?
A3: two
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

The ship RMS Saint Helena runs between St Helena and Cape Town on a 5-day voyage, also visiting Ascension Island and Walvis Bay, and occasionally voyaging north to Tenerife and Portland, UK. It berths in James Bay, St Helena approximately thirty times per year. The RMS Saint Helena was due for decommissioning in 2010. However, its service life has been extended indefinitely until the airport is completed.

Q1: What ship runs between Saint Helena and Cape town on 5 day voyages?
A1: RMS Saint Helena
Q2: What year was the RMS Saint Helena supposed to be decommissioned?
A2: 2010
Q3: What needs to be completed before the RMS Saint Helena can be decommissioned?
A3: the airport
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The show had been criticized in earlier seasons over the onerous contract contestants had to sign that gave excessive control to 19 Entertainment over their future career, and handed a large part of their future earnings to the management.

Q1: What company are contestants required to sign a contract with on American Idol?
A1: 19 Entertainment
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The show had originally planned on having four judges following the Pop Idol format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing "image concerns". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism. The show decided to continue with the three judges format until season eight. All three original judges stayed on the judging panel for eight seasons.

Q1: For how many seasons were the three original judges on American Idol?
A1: eight
Q2: How many judges were originally planned for American Idol?
A2: four
Q3: What New York radio personalty was hired as a judge for American Idol in season two but declined?
A3: Angie Martinez
Q4: What radio DJ was originally hired as a judge in season one but declined?
A4: Stryker
Q5: How many judges were originally intended for the show?
A5: four
Q6: Which judge quit before the premiere, citing image concerns?
A6: DJ Stryker
Q7: During Season two, which judge quit after a few days?
A7: Angie Martinez
Q8: When did American Idol change to a four-judge panel?
A8: season eight
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The show itself is popular in the Southern United States, with households in the Southeastern United States 10% more likely to watch American Idol during the eighth season in 2009, and those in the East Central region, such as Kentucky, were 16 percent more likely to tune into the series. Data from Nielsen SoundScan, a music-sales tracking service, showed that of the 47 million CDs sold by Idol contestants through January 2010, 85 percent were by contestants with ties to the American South.

Q1: How many CDs from American Idol contestants had been sold at the beginning of 2010? 
A1: 47 million
Q2: In the same study, how much more likely was someone from Kentucky to tune into the show?
A2: 16 percent
Q3: How many CDS were sold by Idol contestants up to 2010?
A3: 47 million
Q4: Of the CDs sold, how many were by the contestants with southern ties?
A4: 85 percent
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The show pushed Fox to become the number one U.S. TV network amongst adults 18–49, the key demographic coveted by advertisers, for an unprecedented eight consecutive years by 2012. Its success also helped lift the ratings of other shows that were scheduled around it such as House and Bones, and Idol, for years, had become Fox's strongest platform primetime television program for promoting eventual hit shows of the 2010s (of the same network) such as Glee and New Girl. The show, its creator Simon Fuller claimed, "saved Fox".

Q1: For how many years was Fox the highest rated network with young adults because of American Idol? 
A1: 8
Q2: What television network originally aired the show Glee?
A2: Fox
Q3: What television network originally aired the show House? 
A3: Fox
Q4: Who created American Idol? 
A4: Simon Fuller
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

The show's massive success in the mid-2000s and early 2010s spawned a number of imitating singing-competition shows, such as Rock Star, Nashville Star, The Voice, Rising Star, The Sing-Off, and The X Factor. Its format also served as a blueprint for non-singing TV shows such as Dancing with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance, most of which contribute to the current highly competitive reality TV landscape on American television.

Q1: What dancing show featuring celebrities has been helped by American Idol?
A1: Dancing with the Stars
Q2: What is another singing show similar to American Idol? 
A2: The Voice
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party.

Q1: Whose signatures appear at the very end of a treaty?
A1: the parties' representatives
Q2: Where might the text of a treaty be reprinted?
A2: in a collection of treaties currently in effect
Q3: Who, upon reprinting, will often append the dates on which the treaty was ratified and came into effect?
A3: an editor
Q4: Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect?
A4: ratified the treaty
Q5: Even if signed  and ratified on the same date, the treaty might have done what on different dates?
A5: came into effect
Title: Czech_language
Topic: Language and literature

The similarities between Czech and Slovak led to the languages being considered a single language by a group of 19th-century scholars who called themselves "Czechoslavs" (Čechoslováci), believing that the peoples were connected in a way which excluded German Bohemians and (to a lesser extent) Hungarians and other Slavs. During the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938), although "Czechoslovak" was designated as the republic's official language both Czech and Slovak written standards were used. Standard written Slovak was partially modeled on literary Czech, and Czech was preferred for some official functions in the Slovak half of the republic. Czech influence on Slovak was protested by Slovak scholars, and when Slovakia broke off from Czechoslovakia in 1938 as the Slovak State (which then aligned with Nazi Germany in World War II) literary Slovak was deliberately distanced from Czech. When the Axis powers lost the war and Czechoslovakia reformed, Slovak developed somewhat on its own (with Czech influence); during the Prague Spring of 1968, Slovak gained independence from (and equality with) Czech. Since then, "Czechoslovak" refers to improvised pidgins of the languages which have arisen from the decrease in mutual intelligibility.

Q1: Who called themselves "Czechoslavs"?
A1: a group of 19th-century scholars
Q2: Why did the Czechoslavs consider Czech and Slovak to be a single language?
A2: The similarities
Q3: When was the first Czechoslovak Republic?
A3: 1918–1938
Q4: What was standard written Slovak partially modeled on?
A4: literary Czech
Q5: When was the Prague Spring?
A5: 1968
Title: Circadian_rhythm
Topic: Natural sciences

The simplest known circadian clock is that of the prokaryotic cyanobacteria. Recent research has demonstrated that the circadian clock of Synechococcus elongatus can be reconstituted in vitro with just the three proteins (KaiA, KaiB, KaiC) of their central oscillator. This clock has been shown to sustain a 22-hour rhythm over several days upon the addition of ATP. Previous explanations of the prokaryotic circadian timekeeper were dependent upon a DNA transcription/translation feedback mechanism.[citation needed]

Q1: What has the simplest known circadian clock?
A1: prokaryotic cyanobacteria
Q2: With how many proteins can the circadian clock of Synechococcus elongatus are needed to reproduce its effect?
A2: three proteins
Q3: What type of feedback mechanism was previously thought to be needed to sustain the clock?
A3: DNA
Q4: How long a rhythm were researchers able to sustain in the in vitro experiment?
A4: 22-hour
Q5: What were the only proteins necessary to the circadian timekeeper experiment?
A5: KaiA, KaiB, KaiC
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

The simplest method, used for small-scale production and often by hobbyists, is immersion etching, in which the board is submerged in etching solution such as ferric chloride. Compared with methods used for mass production, the etching time is long. Heat and agitation can be applied to the bath to speed the etching rate. In bubble etching, air is passed through the etchant bath to agitate the solution and speed up etching. Splash etching uses a motor-driven paddle to splash boards with etchant; the process has become commercially obsolete since it is not as fast as spray etching. In spray etching, the etchant solution is distributed over the boards by nozzles, and recirculated by pumps. Adjustment of the nozzle pattern, flow rate, temperature, and etchant composition gives predictable control of etching rates and high production rates.

Q1: What non-professionals might use immersion etching, since it's the easiest way to make a PCB?
A1: hobbyists
Q2: Is the immersion etching process long or short compared to other production methods?
A2: long
Q3: If you wanted to speed up the etching process, you could agitate the bath up or add what to it?
A3: Heat
Q4: What funny name is used for the etching process where air is blown through the etching solution to get it moving around?
A4: bubble etching
Q5: What's the fastest and most easily controlled process for etching?
A5: spray etching
Title: Capacitor
Topic: Engineering and technology

The simplest model capacitor consists of two thin parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric with permittivity ε . This model may also be used to make qualitative predictions for other device geometries. The plates are considered to extend uniformly over an area A and a charge density ±ρ = ±Q/A exists on their surface. Assuming that the length and width of the plates are much greater than their separation d, the electric field near the centre of the device will be uniform with the magnitude E = ρ/ε. The voltage is defined as the line integral of the electric field between the plates

Q1: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what is the value that describes the permittivity of the dielectric?
A1: permittivity ε
Q2: What equation describes the charge density for an ideal model of a capacitor?
A2: ±ρ = ±Q/A
Q3: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what must be assumed about the size of the plates?
A3: much greater than their separation d
Q4: Close to the middle of the capacitor, what equation describes the magnitude of the electric field?
A4: E = ρ/ε
Q5: What does the line integral of the electric field between the plates of a capacitor represent?
A5: The voltage
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

The simplest type of MP3 file uses one bit rate for the entire file: this is known as Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding. Using a constant bit rate makes encoding simpler and faster. However, it is also possible to create files where the bit rate changes throughout the file. These are known as Variable Bit Rate (VBR) files. The idea behind this is that, in any piece of audio, some parts will be much easier to compress, such as silence or music containing only a few instruments, while others will be more difficult to compress. So, the overall quality of the file may be increased by using a lower bit rate for the less complex passages and a higher one for the more complex parts. With some encoders, it is possible to specify a given quality, and the encoder will vary the bit rate accordingly. Users who know a particular "quality setting" that is transparent to their ears can use this value when encoding all of their music, and generally speaking not need to worry about performing personal listening tests on each piece of music to determine the correct bit rate.

Q1: How many bit rates does the simplest type of MP3 file use?
A1: one
Q2: What does CBR stand for?
A2: Constant Bit Rate
Q3: What does VBR stand for?
A3: Variable Bit Rate
Q4: Aside from silence, which sections of music highlight parts that are easier to compress?
A4: music containing only a few instruments
Q5: What value do users need to know when encoding their music to help avoid them having to do tests on each piece of music?
A5: quality setting
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interior. Visually, the interior of the brain consists of areas of so-called grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter, with a lighter color. Further information can be gained by staining slices of brain tissue with a variety of chemicals that bring out areas where specific types of molecules are present in high concentrations. It is also possible to examine the microstructure of brain tissue using a microscope, and to trace the pattern of connections from one brain area to another.

Q1: The easiest way to learn about brain anatomy is by what?
A1: visual inspection
Q2: Brain tissue is naturally soft, but can be stiffened with what liquid?
A2: alcohol
Q3: The two main areas of the brain are what colors?
A3: grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of white matter
Q4: What instrument can you use to examine the microstructure of the brain?
A4: microscope
Q5: Grey matter of the brain is what color?
A5: dark color
Title: Queen_(band)
Topic: Music

The single "Killer Queen" from Sheer Heart Attack reached number two on the British charts, and became their first US hit, reaching number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. It combines camp, vaudeville, and British music hall with May's guitar virtuosity. The album's second single, "Now I'm Here", a more traditional hard rock composition, was a number eleven hit in Britain, while the high speed rocker "Stone Cold Crazy" featuring May's uptempo riffs is a precursor to speed metal. In recent years, the album has received acclaim from music publications: In 2006, Classic Rock ranked it number 28 in "The 100 Greatest British Rock Albums Ever", and in 2007, Mojo ranked it No.88 in "The 100 Records That Changed the World". It is also the second of three Queen albums to feature in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Q1: Which song was Queen's first US hit?
A1: Killer Queen
Q2: Queen's song Now I'm Here reached what number on the British charts?
A2: eleven
Q3: What Queen song is known as an early speed metal song?
A3: Stone Cold Crazy
Q4: What music style was found along with camp and vaudeville on the song Killer Queen?
A4: British music hall
Q5: Killer Queen reached what number on the Billboard Hot 100?
A5: 12
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

The single most important piece of Byzantine Christian mosaic art in the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan. It was rediscovered in 1894. The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land. It depicts an area from Lebanon in the north to the Nile Delta in the south, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Eastern Desert. The largest and most detailed element of the topographic depiction is Jerusalem, at the center of the map. The map is enriched with many naturalistic features, like animals, fishing boats, bridges and palm trees

Q1: What is the most important mosaic piece built by Byzantine Christians?
A1: the Madaba Map
Q2: When was the the Madaba Map made?
A2: between 542 and 570
Q3: Where is the church of Saint George?
A3: Madaba, Jordan
Q4: When was the Madaba Map rediscovered? 
A4: 1894
Q5: The Madaba Map depicts as far South as the Nile delta, and as far North as what country?
A5: Lebanon
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a substance to the volume of that quantity and is expressed in mass per unit substance, e.g., grams per millilitre (g/cm3 or g/ml). The terms are essentially equivalent as long as the metric system is used. Upon drying, wood shrinks and its density increases. Minimum values are associated with green (water-saturated) wood and are referred to as basic specific gravity (Timell 1986).

Q1: Which property of wood reveals the most about its quality?
A1: specific gravity
Q2: In addition to lumber strength, what important indicator of wood's quality can be determined using specific gravity?
A2: pulp yield
Q3: What measurement is expressed in mass per unit substance?
A3: density
Q4: When wood dries and shrinks, what happens to its density?
A4: increases
Q5: When wood is described as "green," what does "green" mean?
A5: water-saturated
Title: Richmond,_Virginia
Topic: Geography and places

The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems, as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture, the Jackson Ward neighborhood.

Q1: What was the nationality of the people who settled Richmond in 1609?
A1: English
Q2: In what year was the current city of Richmond founded?
A2: 1737
Q3: What famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond?
A3: Give me liberty or give me death
Q4: In what building did Patrick Henry give his famous speech?
A4: St. John's Church
Q5: Who was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
A5: Thomas Jefferson
Title: University_of_Kansas
Topic: Geography and places

The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney. On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university, and the following year the university was officially organized. The school's Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, which is the event that KU dates its founding from. Work on the first college building began later that year. The university opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873.

Q1: On what geographic feature was KU built?
A1: Mount Oread
Q2: Who did the site of KU's construction originally belong to?
A2: Charles L. Robinson
Q3: Who provided the majority of the money needed to secure the site of the University of Kansas?
A3: Amos Adams Lawrence
Q4: What was the governing body of KU?
A4: Board of Regents
Q5: What was the year in which KU's first roster of students graduated?
A5: 1873
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

The site where the Saint Petersburg Passage sprawls had been devoted to trade since the city's foundation in the early 18th century. It had been occupied by various shops and warehouses (Maly Gostiny Dvor, Schukin Dvor, Apraksin Dvor) until 1846, when Count Essen-Stenbock-Fermor acquired the grounds to build an elite shopping mall for the Russian nobility and wealthy bourgeoisie. Stenbock-Fermor conceived of the Passage as more than a mere shopping mall, but also as a cultural and social centre for the people of St Petersburg. The edifice contained coffee-houses, confectioneries, panorama installations, an anatomical museum, a wax museum, and even a small zoo, described by Dostoyevsky in his extravaganza "Crocodile, or Passage through the Passage". The concert hall became renowned as a setting for literary readings attended by the likes of Dostoevsky and Turgenev. Parenthetically, the Passage premises have long been associated with the entertainment industry and still remains home to the Komissarzhevskaya Theatre.

Q1: When was Saint Petersburg established? 
A1: early 18th century
Q2: Who founded a shopping mall reserved for the most elites of society? 
A2: Count Essen-Stenbock-Fermor
Q3: What famous author described parts of the mall in his books?
A3: Dostoyevsky
Q4: What historical site still operates within the mall? 
A4: Komissarzhevskaya Theatre
Title: Chihuahua_(state)
Topic: History

The situation became so tense that war with the United States seemed imminent. On April 22, 1914, on the initiative of Felix A. Sommerfeld and Sherburne Hopkins, Pancho Villa traveled to Juárez to calm fears along the border and asked President Wilson's emissary George Carothers to tell "Señor Wilson" that he had no problems with the American occupation of Veracruz. Carothers wrote to Secretary William Jennings Bryan: "As far as he was concerned we could keep Vera Cruz [sic] and hold it so tight that not even water could get in to Huerta and . . . he could not feel any resentment". Whether trying to please the U.S. government or through the diplomatic efforts of Sommerfeld and Carothers, or maybe as a result of both, Villa stepped out from under Carranza’s stated foreign policy.

Q1: War with what country seemed imminent?
A1: United States
Q2: Pancho Villa seeked a conversation with which American President?
A2: President Wilson
Q3: Villa stepped out of whose foreign policy?
A3: Carranza’s
Q4: To which Secretary did Carothers write?
A4: Secretary William Jennings Bryan
Title: Dialect
Topic: Language and literature

The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language.

Q1: What dialect of German is spoken in Switzerland?
A1: Swiss German
Q2: What dialect of German is rarely heard in Switzerland?
A2: standard German
Q3: Aside from Switzerland, what country speaks a dialect related to Swiss German?
A3: Liechtenstein
Title: Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Topic: History

The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in either domestic or international affairs. Any moves towards real independence were suppressed by military force – in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the Prague Spring in 1968. Gorbachev abandoned the oppressive and expensive Brezhnev Doctrine, which mandated intervention in the Warsaw Pact states, in favor of non-intervention in the internal affairs of allies – jokingly termed the Sinatra Doctrine in a reference to the Frank Sinatra song "My Way".

Q1: What year did the Prague Spring take place?
A1: 1968
Q2: What happened to Prague and Hungary's attempts at independence?
A2: suppressed by military force
Q3: Under what doctrine was the Soviet Union required to intervene in the Warsaw Pact states?
A3: Brezhnev Doctrine
Q4: Other than being expensive what was wrong with the Brezhnev Doctrine?
A4: oppressive
Q5: What is the nickname for Gorbachev's new doctrine?
A5: Sinatra Doctrine
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

The sixty-one year reign of the Kangxi Emperor was the longest of any Chinese emperor. Kangxi's reign is also celebrated as the beginning of an era known as the "High Qing", during which the dynasty reached the zenith of its social, economic and military power. Kangxi's long reign started when he was eight years old upon the untimely demise of his father. To prevent a repeat of Dorgon's dictatorial monopolizing of power during the regency, the Shunzhi Emperor, on his deathbed, hastily appointed four senior cabinet ministers to govern on behalf of his young son. The four ministers — Sonin, Ebilun, Suksaha, and Oboi — were chosen for their long service, but also to counteract each other's influences. Most important, the four were not closely related to the imperial family and laid no claim to the throne. However, as time passed, through chance and machination, Oboi, the most junior of the four, achieved such political dominance as to be a potential threat. Even though Oboi's loyalty was never an issue, his personal arrogance and political conservatism led him into an escalating conflict with the young emperor. In 1669 Kangxi, through trickery, disarmed and imprisoned Oboi — a significant victory for a fifteen-year-old emperor over a wily politician and experienced commander.

Q1: How long was Kangxi Emperor in power?
A1: sixty-one year
Q2: Who had the longest rule of any emperor?
A2: Kangxi
Q3: What era did Kanxi's rule kick off?
A3: High Qing
Q4: How old was Kangxi when he took over?
A4: eight
Q5: Who ruled while Kangxi was young?
A5: Oboi
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

The skeleton consists of very lightweight bones. They have large air-filled cavities (called pneumatic cavities) which connect with the respiratory system. The skull bones in adults are fused and do not show cranial sutures. The orbits are large and separated by a bony septum. The spine has cervical, thoracic, lumbar and caudal regions with the number of cervical (neck) vertebrae highly variable and especially flexible, but movement is reduced in the anterior thoracic vertebrae and absent in the later vertebrae. The last few are fused with the pelvis to form the synsacrum. The ribs are flattened and the sternum is keeled for the attachment of flight muscles except in the flightless bird orders. The forelimbs are modified into wings.

Q1: What consists of very lightweight bones?
A1: The skeleton
Q2: What does the skeleton consist of?
A2: very lightweight bones
Q3: What are pneumatic cavities?
A3: large air-filled cavities
Q4: What are large air-filled cavities that connect to the respiratory system?
A4: pneumatic cavities
Q5: What is formed when vertebrae are fused with the pelvis?
A5: synsacrum
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

The slave trade was engaged in by European state and non-state actors such as Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal and private companies, as well as various African states and non-state actors. With rising anti-slavery sentiment at home and changing economic realities, Great Britain outlawed the international slave trade in 1807. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain established the West Africa Squadron in an attempt to halt the international traffic in slaves. It stopped ships of other nations that were leaving the African coast with slaves; the seized slaves were taken to Freetown, a colony in West Africa originally established for the resettlement of freed slaves from Britain. Britain intervened in the Lagos Kingship power struggle by bombarding Lagos in 1851, deposing the slave trade friendly Oba Kosoko, helping to install the amenable Oba Akitoye, and signing the Treaty between Great Britain and Lagos on 1 January 1852. Britain annexed Lagos as a Crown Colony in August 1861 with the Lagos Treaty of Cession. British missionaries expanded their operations and travelled further inland. In 1864, Samuel Ajayi Crowther became the first African bishop of the Anglican Church.

Q1: When did Britain outlaw slave trade?
A1: 1807
Q2: After which war did Britain establish its West Africa Squadron?
A2: Napoleonic Wars
Q3: Where did Britain take slaves it seized from traders?
A3: Freetown
Q4: Where did Britain intervene in a power struggle?
A4: Lagos
Q5: Which Lagos king had supported the slave trade?
A5: Oba Kosoko
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The slide rule was invented around 1620–1630, shortly after the publication of the concept of the logarithm. It is a hand-operated analog computer for doing multiplication and division. As slide rule development progressed, added scales provided reciprocals, squares and square roots, cubes and cube roots, as well as transcendental functions such as logarithms and exponentials, circular and hyperbolic trigonometry and other functions. Aviation is one of the few fields where slide rules are still in widespread use, particularly for solving time–distance problems in light aircraft. To save space and for ease of reading, these are typically circular devices rather than the classic linear slide rule shape. A popular example is the E6B.

Q1: When was the slide rule first invented?
A1: 1620–1630
Q2: What is the slide rule used for?
A2: doing multiplication and division.
Q3: What industry are slide rules still used today?
A3: Aviation
Title: Dell
Topic: History

The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC businesses segments such as storage, services and servers. Dell's price advantage was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs, but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's supply chain, and as competitors such as Hewlett-Packard and Acer made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation. Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers (a lucrative strategy of encouraging buyers to upgrade the processor or memory). As a result, the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before, which eroded profit margins. The laptop segment had become the fastest-growing of the PC market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost advantages, plus Dell's reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores. CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded.

Q1: What market made up the majority of Dell's sales?
A1: PC
Q2: What advantage did Dell hold in the PC market?
A2: price
Q3: What operation did Hewlett Packard and Acer make more efficient to compete with Dell?
A3: manufacturing
Q4: Where did Dell miss out on sales due to relying on the internet?
A4: big box stores
Q5: What company stated that Dell was preventing itself from innovating?
A5: CNET
Title: Han_dynasty
Topic: History

The small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small landowner-cultivators out of debt and on their own farms. These reforms included reducing taxes, temporary remissions of taxes, granting loans and providing landless peasants temporary lodging and work in agricultural colonies until they could recover from their debts.

Q1: Which group made up the bulk of the Han tax base?
A1: landowner-cultivators
Q2: Who made reductions in the taxes that landowner-cultivators were forced to pay?
A2: The Han government
Q3: During what period did a large number of peasants incur debt?
A3: Eastern Han
Q4: What type of housing did the Han government provide to landless indebted peasants?
A4: temporary
Q5: What did the Han government do to help out smaller landowners?
A5: enacted reforms
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

The small woolen dolls called Maniae, hung on the Compitalia shrines, were thought a symbolic replacement for child-sacrifice to Mania, as Mother of the Lares. The Junii took credit for its abolition by their ancestor L. Junius Brutus, traditionally Rome's Republican founder and first consul. Political or military executions were sometimes conducted in such a way that they evoked human sacrifice, whether deliberately or in the perception of witnesses; Marcus Marius Gratidianus was a gruesome example.

Q1: Who was the founder of the Roman Republic?
A1: L. Junius Brutus
Q2: What were stand-ins for child sacrifices to Mania?
A2: woolen dolls
Q3: Who was Mania in Roman religion?
A3: Mother of the Lares
Q4: What leader was the first consul of the Roman Republic?
A4: L. Junius Brutus
Q5: What acts were sometimes arranged so as to be sacrifices?
A5: executions
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

The small, head-mounted device measures an individual's daily rest and activity patterns, as well as exposure to short-wavelength light that stimulates the circadian system. The device measures activity and light together at regular time intervals and electronically stores and logs its operating temperature. The Daysimeter can gather data for up to 30 days for analysis.

Q1: How many days can the Daysimeter gather for analysis?
A1: 30
Q2: What type of light stimulates the circadian system?
A2: short-wavelength light
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.

Q1: To what does the term "Sack of Palermo" refer?
A1: speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings
Q2: Why did Palermo substancially grow in size?
A2: reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities
Q3: What did Palermo expansion lack?
A3: t parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city
Title: Multiracial_American
Topic: History

The social identity of the children was strongly determined by the tribe's kinship system. Among the matrilineal tribes of the Southeast, the mixed-race children generally were accepted as and identified as Indian, as they gained their social status from their mother's clans and tribes, and often grew up with their mothers and their male relatives. By contrast, among the patrilineal Omaha, for example, the child of a white man and Omaha woman was considered "white"; such mixed-race children and their mothers would be protected, but the children could formally belong to the tribe as members only if adopted by a man.

Q1: What determined a child's social identity?
A1: the tribe's kinship system
Q2: What heritage system do Southeast tribes use?
A2: matrilineal
Q3: What were multiracial children with a tribal mother considered to be in tribes of the Southeast?
A3: Indian
Q4: What race did the Omaha view a multiracial child with a white father to be?
A4: white
Title: Culture
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The sociology of culture concerns culture—usually understood as the ensemble of symbolic codes used by a society—as manifested in society. For Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history". Culture in the sociological field can be defined as the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together shape a people's way of life. Culture can be any of two types, non-material culture or material culture. Non-material culture refers to the non physical ideas that individuals have about their culture, including values, belief system, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions. While Material culture is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make, or have made. The term tends to be relevant only in archeological and anthropological studies, but it specifically means all material evidence which can be attributed to culture past or present.

Q1: Who referred to culture as a cultivation of individuals?
A1: Georg Simmel
Q2: What makes up the sociological parts of culture according to Simmel?
A2: ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects
Q3: What does non-material culture refer to?
A3: non physical ideas
Q4: The term material culture is only relevant to what?
A4: archeological and anthropological studies
Title: Culture
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The sociology of culture grew from the intersection between sociology (as shaped by early theorists like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber) with the growing discipline of anthropology, where in researchers pioneered ethnographic strategies for describing and analyzing a variety of cultures around the world. Part of the legacy of the early development of the field lingers in the methods (much of cultural sociological research is qualitative), in the theories (a variety of critical approaches to sociology are central to current research communities), and in the substantive focus of the field. For instance, relationships between popular culture, political control, and social class were early and lasting concerns in the field.

Q1: Which three early theorist helped shape sociology of culture?
A1: Marx, Durkheim, and Weber
Q2: What were the early concerns for the field of Sociology culture?
A2: popular culture, political control, and social class
Q3: What is most of the research into sociological culture ?
A3: qualitative
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

The soft AC format may soon be facing the demographic pressures that the jazz and big band formats faced in the 1960s and 1970s and that the oldies format is starting to face today, with the result that one may hear soft AC less on over-the-air radio and more on satellite radio systems in coming years. Much of the music and artists that were traditionally played on soft AC stations have been relegated to the adult standards format, which is itself disappearing because of aging demographics. Some soft AC stations have found a niche by incorporating more oldies into their playlists and are more open to playing softer songs that fit the "traditional" definition of AC.

Q1: What radio station formats faced demographic pressures in the 1960s and 70s?
A1: jazz and big band
Q2: What radio station format is facing demographic pressures in the present day?
A2: oldies
Q3: What radio station format have many of the former soft AC artists moved to?
A3: adult standards
Q4: Certain soft AC stations have found a niche on the radio by doing what?
A4: incorporating more oldies
Q5: Why are adult standards format radio stations declining?
A5: aging demographics
Title: Copper
Topic: History

The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity (59.6×106 S/m) and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest (to silver) among pure metals at room temperature. This is because the resistivity to electron transport in metals at room temperature mostly originates from scattering of electrons on thermal vibrations of the lattice, which are relatively weak for a soft metal. The maximum permissible current density of copper in open air is approximately 3.1×106 A/m2 of cross-sectional area, above which it begins to heat excessively. As with other metals, if copper is placed against another metal, galvanic corrosion will occur.

Q1: What is the explanation for copper's capacity for electrical conductivity?
A1: The softness
Q2: What metal has a higher thermal conductivity than copper?
A2: silver
Q3: What is the maximum premissible current density in open air of copper?
A3: 3.1×106 A/m2
Q4: What occurs when copper is placed touching another metal?
A4: corrosion
Q5: What happens to copper if an electrical current gets too high?
A5: it begins to heat excessively
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

The solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the pointer and loaded the shells. The Kerrison was fairly simple, but it pointed the way to future generations that incorporated radar, first for ranging and later for tracking. Similar predictor systems were introduced by Germany during the war, also adding radar ranging as the war progressed.

Q1: What was the name of the mechanical computer that used automation?
A1: the Kerrison Predictor
Q2: What did the Predictor calculate after it was pointed at a target?
A2: the proper aim point automatically
Q3: How did the Predictor display the information needed?
A3: as a pointer mounted on the gun
Q4: What two things did the operators of the gun have to do?
A4: followed the pointer and loaded the shells
Q5: What other country designed similar systems to the Predictor?
A5: Germany
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine Empire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule. Albanian resistance was a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion on the Italian peninsula.

Q1: Who was the son of Murad II?
A1: Mehmed the Conqueror
Q2: What city was conquered on 29 May 1453?
A2: Constantinople
Q3: What did the Orthodox Church get to keep in exchange for accepting the authority of the Ottoman empire?
A3: its autonomy and land
Q4: The Orthodox population of Constantinople preferred Ottoman rule instead of what?
A4: Venetian rule
Q5: What was the main obstacle to the expansion of the Ottoman empire into the peninsula of Italy??
A5: Albanian resistance