LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Topic: History

Bernanke explained that between 1996 and 2004, the U.S. current account deficit increased by $650 billion, from 1.5% to 5.8% of GDP. Financing these deficits required the country to borrow large sums from abroad, much of it from countries running trade surpluses. These were mainly the emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations. The balance of payments identity requires that a country (such as the U.S.) running a current account deficit also have a capital account (investment) surplus of the same amount. Hence large and growing amounts of foreign funds (capital) flowed into the U.S. to finance its imports.

Q1: Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004?
A1: $650 billion
Q2: What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004?
A2: 5.8%
Q3: What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports?
A3: Asia and oil-exporting nations
Q4: What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit?
A4: capital account
Q5: Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports?
A5: foreign funds
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

Berry Gordy, Jr. founded Motown Records which rose to prominence during the 1960s and early 1970s with acts such as Stevie Wonder, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Smokey Robinson & The Miracles, Diana Ross & The Supremes, the Jackson 5, Martha and the Vandellas, The Spinners, Gladys Knight & the Pips, The Marvelettes, The Elgins, The Monitors, The Velvelettes and Marvin Gaye. Artists were backed by in-house vocalists The Andantes and The Funk Brothers, the Motown house band that was featured in Paul Justman's 2002 documentary film Standing in the Shadows of Motown, based on Allan Slutsky's book of the same name.

Q1: Who founded Motown records?
A1: Berry Gordy, Jr.
Q2: Who did a documentary on Motown?
A2: Paul Justman
Q3: Who wrote a book about Motown?
A3: Allan Slutsky
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Bertrand Russell saw the Enlightenment as a phase in a progressive development, which began in antiquity, and that reason and challenges to the established order were constant ideals throughout that time. Russell said that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of the Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation, and that philosophical views such as affinity for democracy against monarchy originated among 16th-century Protestants to justify their desire to break away from the Catholic Church. Though many of these philosophical ideals were picked up by Catholics, Russell argues, by the 18th century the Enlightenment was the principal manifestation of the schism that began with Martin Luther.

Q1: Which philosopher believed that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter-reformation?
A1: Bertrand Russell
Q2: Where did Betrand Russell believe views such as affinity for democracy against monarachy originated from?
A2: 16th-century Protestants
Q3: Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment?
A3: Martin Luther
Title: Mandolin
Topic: Music

Beside the introduction of the lute to Spain (Andalusia) by the Moors, another important point of transfer of the lute from Arabian to European culture was Sicily, where it was brought either by Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians. There were singer-lutenists at the court in Palermo following the Norman conquest of the island from the Muslims, and the lute is depicted extensively in the ceiling paintings in the Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina, dedicated by the Norman King Roger II of Sicily in 1140. His Hohenstaufen grandson Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194 - 1250) continued integrating Muslims into his court, including Moorish musicians. By the 14th century, lutes had disseminated throughout Italy and, probably because of the cultural influence of the Hohenstaufen kings and emperor, based in Palermo, the lute had also made significant inroads into the German-speaking lands.

Q1: Who introduced the lute to Spain?
A1: the Moors
Q2: What country helped transfer the lute from Arabian to European culture? 
A2: Sicily
Q3: Who brought the lute to Sicily?
A3: Byzantine or later by Muslim musicians
Q4: What court held singer-lutenists after the Norman conquest?
A4: Palermo
Q5: What building has ceeiling painting dedicated to the lutenists? 
A5: Palermo’s royal Cappella Palatina,
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

Besides Prince William and Prince Harry, members of the extended British Royal Family who have attended Eton include Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester and his son Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster; Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, his eldest son George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews and grandson Edward Windsor, Lord Downpatrick and his youngest son Lord Nicholas Windsor; Prince Michael of Kent and his son Lord Frederick Windsor; James Ogilvy, son of Princess Alexandra and the Right Honourable Angus Ogilvy, himself an Eton alumnus. Prince William of Gloucester (1942-1972) also attended Eton, as did George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, son of Princess Mary, Princess Royal.

Q1: Which Duke of Gloucester attended Eton?
A1: Prince Richard
Q2: Where is Prince Richard's son, Alexander Windsor, Earl of?
A2: Ulster
Q3: Which 7th Earl of Harewood attended Eton?
A3: George Lascelles
Q4: Who was George Lascelles' mother?
A4: Princess Mary, Princess Royal
Title: Bras%C3%ADlia
Topic: Geography and places

Besides being the political center, Brasília is an important economic center. Brasília has the highest city gross domestic product (GDP) of 99.5 billion reais representing 3.76% of the total Brazilian GDP. The main economic activity of the federal capital results from its administrative function. Its industrial planning is studied carefully by the Government of the Federal District. Being a city registered by UNESCO, the government in Brasília has opted to encourage the development of non-polluting industries such as software, film, video, and gemology among others, with emphasis on environmental preservation and maintaining ecological balance, preserving the city property.

Q1: What is Brasilia's GDP?
A1: 99.5 billion reais
Q2: How much of Brazil's GDP comes from Brasilia?
A2: 3.76%
Q3: What industries is Brasilia trying to encourage?
A3: software, film, video, and gemology
Title: IPod
Topic: Engineering and technology

Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western Infirmaries in Glasgow, Scotland, where iPods are used to train new staff.

Q1: Aside from recreational use, in what other arena have iPods found use?
A1: business
Q2: What are two purposes for which iPods are used in business?
A2: communication and training
Q3: What is the name of a company that uses iPods as part of its training?
A3: Royal and Western Infirmaries
Q4: Where is Royal and Western Infirmaries located?
A4: Glasgow, Scotland
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha in the Nikāyas. In Tibetan Buddhism, according to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. In Nyingma, tathāgatagarbha also generally refers to inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind. According to the Gelug school, it is the potential for sentient beings to awaken since they are empty (i.e. dependently originated). According to the Jonang school, it refers to the innate qualities of the mind that expresses themselves as omniscience etc. when adventitious obscurations are removed. The "Tathāgatagarbha Sutras" are a collection of Mahayana sutras that present a unique model of Buddha-nature. Even though this collection was generally ignored in India, East Asian Buddhism provides some significance to these texts.

Q1: What does tathagatagarbha mean?
A1: Buddha-nature
Q2: what does prajnaparamita mean?
A2: perfected spiritual insight
Q3: According to what school is tathgatagarbha the inseparability of clairty and emptiness of one's mind?
A3: Sakya
Q4: According to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience?
A4: Jonang
Q5: What type of sutras were generally ignored in india?
A5: tathāgatagarbha
Title: Railway_electrification_system
Topic: Engineering and technology

Besides increased efficiency of power plants, there was an increase in efficiency (between 1950 and 1973) of the railway utilization of this electricity with energy-intensity dropping from 218 to 124 kwh/10,000 gross tonne-km (of both passenger and freight trains) or a 43% drop. Since energy-intensity is the inverse of energy-efficiency it drops as efficiency goes up. But most of this 43% decrease in energy-intensity also benefited diesel traction. The conversion of wheel bearings from plain to roller, increase of train weight, converting single track lines to double track (or partially double track), and the elimination of obsolete 2-axle freight cars increased the energy-efficiency of all types of traction: electric, diesel, and steam. However, there remained a 12–15% reduction of energy-intensity that only benefited electric traction (and not diesel). This was due to improvements in locomotives, more widespread use of regenerative braking (which in 1989 recycled 2.65% of the electric energy used for traction,) remote control of substations, better handling of the locomotive by the locomotive crew, and improvements in automation. Thus the overall efficiency of electric traction as compared to diesel more than doubled between 1950 and the mid-1970s in the Soviet Union. But after 1974 (thru 1980) there was no improvement in energy-intensity (wh/tonne-km) in part due to increasing speeds of passenger and freight trains.

Q1: What caused the energy efficiency to go up?
A1: energy-intensity dropping
Q2: Elimination of what helped the efficiency of diesel traction to go up?
A2: 2-axle freight cars
Q3: What type of locomotives got improved during 1950-1973 in Soviet Union?
A3: electric
Q4: How much of energy was saved and re-used due to regenerative braking in 1989?
A4: 2.65%
Q5: Was there an energy efficiency improvement in the period 1974 through 1980?
A5: no improvement
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States  and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.

Q1: Where among US universities does Notre Dame rank?
A1: among the top twenty
Q2: How many individual colleges are part of Notre Dame?
A2: four
Q3: Which prize does the Architecture School at Notre Dame give out?
A3: Driehaus Architecture Prize
Q4: How many doctorate and masters programs are available at Notre Dame?
A4: more than 50
Q5: Which art museum does Notre Dame administer?
A5: Snite Museum of Art
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

Besides lossy compression methods, lossless formats are a significant alternative to MP3 because they provide unaltered audio content, though with an increased file size compared to lossy compression. Lossless formats include FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), Apple Lossless and many others.

Q1: What is a significant alternative to MP3?
A1: lossless formats
Q2: What can lossless formats provide?
A2: unaltered audio content
Q3: What is the downside of using a lossless format?
A3: increased file size
Q4: What is another example of a lossless format other than Apple Lossless?
A4: FLAC
Q5: What does FLAC stand for?
A5: Free Lossless Audio Codec
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

Besides parents, Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was detained on June 25, 2008 for "disseminating rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan earthquake. Liu’s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion. Liu had travelled to the Shifang, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online. He had also expressed his anger at “the shoddy tofu-dregs buildings” (豆腐渣工程) in a media interview. He was ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor (RTL). According to the organization Human Rights in China, Liu has been released to serve his RTL sentence outside of the labor camp.

Q1: Who was a Sichuan school teacher?
A1: Liu Shaokun
Q2: What was Liu's family told?
A2: that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion
Q3: What was Liu Shaokun's profession?
A3: Sichuan school teacher
Q4: Why was he investigated?
A4: crime of inciting subversion
Q5: What did Liu Shankun do with the pictures he took of collapsed schools?
A5: put them online
Q6: Where did he call the schoolhouses shoddy?
A6: in a media interview
Q7: What was his assigned punishment ?
A7: one year of re-education
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

Besides singing Madonna has the ability to play several musical instruments. She learned to play drum and guitar from her then-boyfriend Dan Gilroy in the late 1970s before joining the Breakfast Club line-up as the drummer. This helped her to form the band Emmy, where she performed as the guitarist and lead vocalist. Madonna later played guitar on her demo recordings. On the liner notes of Pre-Madonna, Stephen Bray wrote: "I've always thought she passed up a brilliant career as a rhythm guitarist." After her career breakthrough, Madonna focused mainly in singing but was also credited for playing cowbell on Madonna (1983) and synthesizer on Like a Prayer (1989). In 1999, Madonna had studied for three months to play the violin for the role as a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart, before eventually leaving the project. After two decades, Madonna decided to perform with guitar again during the promotion of Music (2000). She took further lessons from guitarist Monte Pittman to improve her guitar skill. Since then Madonna has played guitar on every tour, as well as her studio albums. At the 2002 Orville H. Gibson Guitar Awards, she received nomination for Les Paul Horizon Award, which honors the most promising up-and-coming guitarist.

Q1: Which instruments can Madonna play?
A1: drum and guitar
Q2: Who taught Madonna how to play the drum and guitar?
A2: Dan Gilroy
Q3: What instrument does Madonna play on her demo recordings?
A3: guitar
Q4: How long did Madonna spent learning to play the violin?
A4: three months
Q5: Who was the guitarist that Madonna learnt from to improve on her skills?
A5: Monte Pittman
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

Besides slaves, there were a number of free people of color in the state. Most were descended from free African Americans who had migrated along with neighbors from Virginia during the 18th century. The majority were the descendants of unions in the working classes between white women, indentured servants or free, and African men, indentured, slave or free. After the Revolution, Quakers and Mennonites worked to persuade slaveholders to free their slaves. Some were inspired by their efforts and the language of the Revolution to arrange for manumission of their slaves. The number of free people of color rose markedly in the first couple of decades after the Revolution.

Q1: Some of the free people of color migrated from what state during the 18th century?
A1: Virginia
Q2: After the revolution Quakers and mennonited encouraged slaveholders to do what?
A2: free their slaves
Q3: What happened to the number of free colored people for the first few decades after the war?
A3: rose
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

Besides the bit rate of an encoded piece of audio, the quality of MP3 files also depends on the quality of the encoder itself, and the difficulty of the signal being encoded. As the MP3 standard allows quite a bit of freedom with encoding algorithms, different encoders may feature quite different quality, even with identical bit rates. As an example, in a public listening test featuring two different MP3 encoders at about 128 kbit/s, one scored 3.66 on a 1–5 scale, while the other scored only 2.22.

Q1: Other than the bit rate and the difficulty of the signal, what can also affect the quality of an MP3 file?
A1: quality of the encoder
Q2: The MP3 standard allows encoders to have a lot of freedom with which aspect of encoding?
A2: encoding algorithms
Q3: As a result of the freedom, different encoders can result in different quality even if which aspect of the file is the same?
A3: bit rates
Q4: An example shown has a low range quality score of what value?
A4: 2.22
Q5: To compare qualities, sound files are evaluated on a scale that ranges from 1 to what?
A5: 5
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

Besides the city wall, other famous Ming-era structures in the city included the famous Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Porcelain Tower, although the latter was destroyed by the Taipings in the 19th century either in order to prevent a hostile faction from using it to observe and shell the city or from superstitious fear of its geomantic properties.

Q1: What is the name of the famous mausoleum in Nanjing?
A1: Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum
Q2: Who decimated the Porcelain Tower?
A2: the Taipings
Q3: When was the Porcelain Tower destroyed?
A3: in the 19th century
Q4: One possibility the Tower was destroyed was to prevent it's use by a hostile enemy. What is the other possibility?
A4: superstitious fear of its geomantic properties
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of surface absorbency to suit ink or paint.

Q1: What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking?
A1: china clay
Q2: What is added for sizing purposes?
A2: Additives
Q3: What besides china clay is used as a filler?
A3: chalk
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

Besides the obligation, many children had to help support their families financially; another factor that influenced child labour was the demographic changes that occurred in the eighteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, 20 percent of the population was made up of children between the ages of 5 and 14. Due to this substantial shift in available workers, and the development of the industrial revolution, children began to work earlier in life in companies outside of the home. Yet, even though there was an increase of child labour in factories such as cotton textiles, there consistently was large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture and domestic production.

Q1: What type of support did child give to their families by working?
A1: financially
Q2: What type of factories saw an increased need for child labour?
A2: cotton textiles
Q3: Was there an increase or decrease in the field of agriculture?
A3: large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture
Title: Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Besides the schism, the western church was riven by theological controversies, some of which turned into heresies. John Wycliffe (d. 1384), an English theologian, was condemned as a heretic in 1415 for teaching that the laity should have access to the text of the Bible as well as for holding views on the Eucharist that were contrary to church doctrine. Wycliffe's teachings influenced two of the major heretical movements of the later Middle Ages: Lollardy in England and Hussitism in Bohemia. The Bohemian movement initiated with the teaching of Jan Hus, who was burned at the stake in 1415 after being condemned as a heretic by the Council of Constance. The Hussite church, although the target of a crusade, survived beyond the Middle Ages. Other heresies were manufactured, such as the accusations against the Knights Templar that resulted in their suppression in 1312 and the division of their great wealth between the French King Philip IV (r. 1285–1314) and the Hospitallers.

Q1: Of what nationality was John Wycliffe?
A1: English
Q2: In what year was Wycliffe declared a heretic?
A2: 1415
Q3: Who did Wycliffe believe should read the Bible?
A3: the laity
Q4: What Bohemian movement was influenced by Wycliffe?
A4: Hussitism
Q5: How did Jan Hus die?
A5: burned at the stake
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

Besides their traditional areas of inhabitation in Greater Somalia, a Somali community mainly consisting of entrepreneurs, academics, and students also exists in Egypt. In addition, there is an historical Somali community in the general Sudan area. Primarily concentrated in the north and Khartoum, the expatriate community mainly consists of students as well as some businesspeople. More recently, Somali entrepreneurs have established themselves in Kenya, investing over $1.5 billion in the Somali enclave of Eastleigh alone. In South Africa, Somali businesspeople also provide most of the retail trade in informal settlements around the Western Cape province.

Q1: Near what city in Sudan do many Somalis reside?
A1: Khartoum
Q2: In what geographical portion of Sudan do some Somalis live?
A2: north
Q3: Along with businesspeople, what sort of Somalis live in Sudan?
A3: students
Q4: In what Somali enclave in Kenya have Somalis invested over $1.5 billion?
A4: Eastleigh
Q5: In what province of South Africa do Somalis congregate?
A5: Western Cape
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the programming team known as beta testers. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can ensure the product has few faults or bugs. Beta versions can be made available to the open public to increase the feedback field to a maximal number of future users and to deliver value earlier, for an extended or even indefinite period of time (perpetual beta).[citation needed]

Q1: What typically comes after the Alpha stage in the development and testing of software?
A1: Beta testing
Q2: To whom is the beta testing released to?
A2: limited audience outside of the programming
Q3: What is it called when a public test continues indefinitely?
A3: perpetual beta
Title: Humanism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Better acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls "a backwards-looking admiration for antiquity", in which Platonism stood in opposition to the Aristotelian concentration on the observable properties of the physical world. But Renaissance humanists, who considered themselves as restoring the glory and nobility of antiquity, had no interest in scientific innovation. However, by the mid-to-late 16th century, even the universities, though still dominated by Scholasticism, began to demand that Aristotle be read in accurate texts edited according to the principles of Renaissance philology, thus setting the stage for Galileo's quarrels with the outmoded habits of Scholasticism.

Q1:  Closer examination of what information allowed for further progress in scientific knowledge?
A1: technical writings
Q2: Who felt that looking to these ancient documents for new ideas was not the way to mover forward?
A2: A. C. Crombie
Q3: What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject unimportant? 
A3: Renaissance humanists
Q4:  When did even the scholars and professors began to at least end to examine the works of Aristotle?
A4: 16th century,
Title: Seven_Years%27_War
Topic: History

Between 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his force of 5,000, mostly hussars, around the Prussians and occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night. The city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers. When Frederick heard about this humiliating occupation, he immediately sent a larger force to free the city. Hadik, however, left the city with his Hussars and safely reached the Austrian lines. Subsequently, Hadik was promoted to the rank of Marshal in the Austrian army.

Q1: What Hungarian general humiliated the Prussians?
A1: Count András Hadik
Q2: What city did Hadik occupy?
A2: occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night
Q3: How was Berlin spared?
A3: city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers
Q4: What was Frederick's response to the occupation by Hadik?
A4: he immediately sent a larger force to free the city
Q5: How did Hadik respond to the Frederick force?
A5: Hadik, however, left the city with his Hussars and safely reached the Austrian lines
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.

Q1: Who rebuilt the abbey for a burial church?
A1: King Edward the Confessor
Q2: What style was the church rebuilt in?
A2: Romanesque
Q3: When was the building consecrated?
A3: 28 December 1065
Q4: When did King Edward the Confessor die?
A4: 5 January 1066
Q5: Who was the first documented coronation?
A5: William the Conqueror
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1346 and 1354, Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen toppled the Sakya and founded the Phagmodrupa Dynasty. The following 80 years saw the founding of the Gelug school (also known as Yellow Hats) by the disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, and the founding of the important Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries near Lhasa. However, internal strife within the dynasty and the strong localism of the various fiefs and political-religious factions led to a long series of internal conflicts. The minister family Rinpungpa, based in Tsang (West Central Tibet), dominated politics after 1435. In 1565 they were overthrown by the Tsangpa Dynasty of Shigatse which expanded its power in different directions of Tibet in the following decades and favoured the Karma Kagyu sect.

Q1: When was the Phagmodrupa Dynasty founded?
A1: Between 1346 and 1354
Q2: Who founded the Gelug school?
A2: disciples of Je Tsongkhapa
Q3: Who dominated politics after 1435?
A3: minister family Rinpungpa
Q4: What sect did the Tsangpa Dynasty of Shigatse favor?
A4: Karma Kagyu
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

Between 135 BC and 71 BC there were three "Servile Wars" involving slave uprisings against the Roman state. The third and final uprising was the most serious, involving ultimately between 120,000 and 150,000 slaves under the command of the gladiator Spartacus. In 91 BC the Social War broke out between Rome and its former allies in Italy when the allies complained that they shared the risk of Rome's military campaigns, but not its rewards. Although they lost militarily, the allies achieved their objectives with legal proclamations which granted citizenship to more than 500,000 Italians.

Q1: How many slaves at most were under the command of Spartacus?
A1: 150,000
Q2: When was the beginning of the Social War?
A2: 91 BC
Q3: How many Italians became citizens after the loss of the Social War?
A3: more than 500,000
Q4: How many slave uprisings were there between the years of 135 BC and 71 BC?
A4: three
Q5: Ultimately what started the Social War?
A5: allies complained that they shared the risk of Rome's military campaigns, but not its rewards
Title: Dutch_Republic
Topic: History

Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.

Q1: The Dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time?
A1: 1590–1712
Q2: The Dutch operated a slave trade from which locations?
A2: Africa and the Pacific
Q3: What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy?
A3: breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient
Title: Boston
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1631 and 1890, the city tripled its area through land reclamation by filling in marshes, mud flats, and gaps between wharves along the waterfront. The largest reclamation efforts took place during the 19th century; beginning in 1807, the crown of Beacon Hill was used to fill in a 50-acre (20 ha) mill pond that later became the Haymarket Square area. The present-day State House sits atop this lowered Beacon Hill. Reclamation projects in the middle of the century created significant parts of the South End, the West End, the Financial District, and Chinatown. After The Great Boston Fire of 1872, workers used building rubble as landfill along the downtown waterfront. During the mid-to-late 19th century, workers filled almost 600 acres (2.4 km2) of brackish Charles River marshlands west of Boston Common with gravel brought by rail from the hills of Needham Heights. The city annexed the adjacent towns of South Boston (1804), East Boston (1836), Roxbury (1868), Dorchester (including present day Mattapan and a portion of South Boston) (1870), Brighton (including present day Allston) (1874), West Roxbury (including present day Jamaica Plain and Roslindale) (1874), Charlestown (1874), and Hyde Park (1912). Other proposals, for the annexation of Brookline, Cambridge, and Chelsea, were unsuccessful.

Q1: What was used to fill a mill pond that became the Haymarket Square?
A1: the crown of Beacon Hill
Q2: What sits on Beacon Hill today?
A2: State House
Q3: What famous disaster happened in Boston in 1872?
A3: The Great Boston Fire of 1872
Q4: What was the rubble from the Great Boston Fire used for?
A4: as landfill along the downtown waterfront
Title: Saint_Helena
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the roots of environmentalism.

Q1: The roots of what were established on Saint Helena?
A1: environmentalism
Q2: What did scientists attempt to boost artificially on Saint Helena?
A2: rainfall
Q3: The environmental intervention was linked to the conceptualization of what process?
A3: environmental change
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's "imperial century" by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation". Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been characterised by some historians as "Informal Empire".

Q1: How many square miles of territory were added to the British Empire between 1815 and 1914?
A1: 10,000,000
Q2: How many people were added to the British Empire between 1815 and 1914?
A2: 400 million
Q3: Who was Britain's last serious rival after Napoleon?
A3: Russia
Q4: What was the period of Britain acting as the world's police called?
A4: Britain's dominant position in world trade
Q5: Britain's dominant position in world trade over some countries' economies has been called what?
A5: Informal Empire
Title: Economy_of_Greece
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1832 and 2002 the currency of Greece was the drachma. After signing the Maastricht Treaty, Greece applied to join the eurozone. The two main convergence criteria were a maximum budget deficit of 3% of GDP and a declining public debt if it stood above 60% of GDP. Greece met the criteria as shown in its 1999 annual public account. On 1 January 2001, Greece joined the eurozone, with the adoption of the euro at the fixed exchange rate ₯340.75 to €1. However, in 2001 the euro only existed electronically, so the physical exchange from drachma to euro only took place on 1 January 2002. This was followed by a ten-year period for eligible exchange of drachma to euro, which ended on 1 March 2012.

Q1: What was the currency of Greece until 2002?
A1: drachma
Q2: What did Greece sign to apply to join the eurozone?
A2: Maastricht Treaty
Q3: How many convergence criteria were there in the treaty?
A3: two
Q4: When did the physical exchange of the drachma to euro take place?
A4: January 2002
Q5: When did the ten-year period for eligible exchange of the drachma to euro end?
A5: March 2012
Title: Melbourne
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1836 and 1842 Victorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed[by whom?] of their land. By January 1844, there were said to be 675 Aborigines resident in squalid camps in Melbourne. The British Colonial Office appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria, in 1839, however their work was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters to take possession of Aboriginal lands. By 1845, fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans held all the pastoral licences then issued in Victoria and became a powerful political and economic force in Victoria for generations to come.

Q1: Between what year's did Victorian aboriginal groups dispossessed?
A1: Between 1836 and 1842
Q2: In 1844 how many Aborigines resident in squalid camps in Melbourne?
A2: 675
Q3: Who appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria in 1839?
A3: The British Colonial Office
Q4: Who were the people that were power political and economic force in Victoria in 1845?
A4: 240 wealthy Europeans
Q5: How many Aborigines were said to be resident in squalid camps in Melbourne in January 1844?
A5: 675
Q6: How many Aboriginal Protectors for the Aborigines of Victoria were appointed in 1839?
A6: five
Q7: By what year did fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans hold all the pastoral licenses?
A7: 1845
Q8: During what years were Victorian Aboriginal groups largely displaced from their land?
A8: Between 1836 and 1842
Title: Buckingham_Palace
Topic: Art and architecture

Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece sculpted by Richard Westmacott. The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear. It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons, designed by Robert Jones.

Q1: Where did many of the fittings for the new east wing come from?
A1: Brighton Pavilion
Q2: When was the new east wing built?
A2: Between 1847 and 1850
Q3: What is the theme for the new east wing?
A3: oriental
Q4: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room has what as a main feature?
A4: large oriental chimney piece
Q5: Who designed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?
A5: Robert Jones
Q6: What was Blore building between 1847 and 1850?
A6: the new east wing
Q7: Many rooms in the new east wing are in what style?
A7: oriental
Q8: Parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms from Brighton Pavilion make up which Buckingham Room?
A8: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1853 and 1870, the Emperor Napoleon III and the city's first director of parks and gardens, Jean-Charles Alphand, created the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris and the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, located at the four points of the compass around the city, as well as many smaller parks, squares and gardens in the Paris' quarters. Since 1977, the city has created 166 new parks, most notably the Parc de la Villette (1987), Parc André Citroën (1992), and Parc de Bercy (1997). One of the newest parks, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine (2013), built on a former highway on the Left Bank of the Seine between the Pont de l'Alma and the Musée d'Orsay, has floating gardens and gives a view of the city's landmarks.

Q1: Who was Paris' first director of parks and gardens?
A1: Jean-Charles Alphand
Q2: How many new parks have been created in Paris since 1977?
A2: 166
Q3: WHen was the Parc de la Villette created?
A3: 1987
Q4: What park has floating gardens?
A4: Promenade des Berges de la Seine
Q5: When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine built?
A5: 2013
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the ongoing revolution. The Constitution included the official recognition of Iran's three religious minorities, namely Christians, Zoroastrians, and Jews, which has remained a basis in the legislation of Iran since then.

Q1: When did a series of protests over foreign concessions sales in Iran occur?
A1: Between 1872 and 1905
Q2: What resulted from the series of protests in Iran over foreign concessions sales?
A2: the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
Q3: The first national parliament of Iran was founded in what year?
A3: in 1906
Q4: The first Constitution of Iran was founded in what year?
A4: in 1906
Q5: The Iranian Constitution did what for Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians in Iran?
A5: official recognition of Iran's three religious minorities
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

Between 1892, when Harvard and Yale met in one of the first intercollegiate debates, and 1909, the year of the first Triangular Debate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates. Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets. There even were rallies sending off the debating teams to matches. Yet, the debates never attained the broad appeal that athletics enjoyed. One reason may be that debates do not have a clear winner, as is the case in sports, and that scoring is subjective. In addition, with late 19th-century concerns about the impact of modern life on the human body, athletics offered hope that neither the individual nor the society was coming apart.

Q1: In what year was the first debate between Harvard, Yale, and Princeton?
A1: 1909
Q2: When was the first debate between Harvard and Yale?
A2: 1892
Q3: How were debates shown to the college students?
A3: front pages of college newspapers
Q4: What did members of the debate team get for their service?
A4: the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets
Q5: Why do debates not have a distinct winner?
A5: scoring is subjective
Title: Yale_University
Topic: History

Between 1925 and 1940, philanthropic foundations, especially ones connected with the Rockefellers, contributed about $7 million to support the Yale Institute of Human Relations and the affiliated Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology. The money went toward behavioral science research, which was supported by foundation officers who aimed to "improve mankind" under an informal, loosely defined human engineering effort. The behavioral scientists at Yale, led by President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes, tapped into foundation largesse by crafting research programs aimed to investigate, then suggest, ways to control, sexual and social behavior. For example, Yerkes analyzed chimpanzee sexual behavior in hopes of illuminating the evolutionary underpinnings of human development and providing information that could ameliorate dysfunction. Ultimately, the behavioral-science results disappointed foundation officers, who shifted their human-engineering funds toward biological sciences.

Q1: How much did  philanthropic foundations donate between 1925 and 1940?
A1: about $7 million
Q2: What was the $7 million used for?
A2: behavioral science research
Q3: What was the goal of the behavioral research?
A3: improve mankind
Q4: Who were the behavioral scientists in charge of the research?
A4: President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes
Q5: What animals sexual behavior did Yerkes study?
A5: chimpanzee
Title: The_Times
Topic: History

Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E.H. Carr was Assistant Editor. Carr was well known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials. In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons. As a result of Carr's editorial, The Times became popularly known during that stage of World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker (the price of the Daily Worker being one penny).

Q1: Between 1941 and 1946, which left-wing British historian was Assistant Editor for The Times?
A1: E.H. Carr
Q2: The Assistant Editor of The Times in 1941-1946 strongly supported what stance?
A2: pro-Soviet
Q3: Which side did The Times support in the fighting that broke out in Athens in 1944?
A3: Communists
Q4: Which major political figure condemned The Times in 1944 for not supporting the British Army?
A4: Winston Churchill
Q5: During World War II, The Times was nicknamed what in 1944?
A5: the threepenny Daily Worker
Title: Estonia
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as by wartime emigration and Joseph Stalin's mass deportations and executions.[citation needed] By 1989, minorities constituted more than one-third of the population, as the number of non-Estonians had grown almost fivefold.

Q1: What period did the amount of ethnic Estonians drop by 61%?
A1: Between 1945 and 1989
Q2: What trend caused the drop of ethnic Estonians?
A2: mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus
Q3: Who ordered large scales of deportations and executions?
A3: Joseph Stalin
Q4: What year did minorities in Estonia make up more than a third of the country?
A4: 1989
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Between 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America.

Q1: What years did the Jewish population rise from 800,000 to two million?
A1: 1948 and 1958
Q2: What is the population of Israel?
A2: 6 million
Q3: Between 1974 and 1979, how many immigrants arrived in Israel?
A3: 227,258
Title: Economy_of_Greece
Topic: Geography and places

Between 1949 and the 1980s, telephone communications in Greece were a state monopoly by the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization, better known by its acronym, OTE. Despite the liberalization of telephone communications in the country in the 1980s, OTE still dominates the Greek market in its field and has emerged as one of the largest telecommunications companies in Southeast Europe. Since 2011, the company's major shareholder is Deutsche Telekom with a 40% stake, while the Greek state continues to own 10% of the company's shares. OTE owns several subsidiaries across the Balkans, including Cosmote, Greece's top mobile telecommunications provider, Cosmote Romania and Albanian Mobile Communications.

Q1: Who ran the phones in Greece between 1949 and the 1980s?
A1: state
Q2: What was the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization better known by the acronym of?
A2: OTE
Q3: When did the liberalization of the telephone communications in Greece happen?
A3: 1980s
Q4: What company has a 40% stake in OTE?
A4: Deutsche Telekom
Q5: How many shares of OTE does the Greek state own?
A5: 10%