LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: European_Central_Bank
Topic: Geography and places

The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary effect. The contracts are carried on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet and the resulting deposits in member banks are carried as a liability. In layman terms, the liability of the central bank is money, and an increase in deposits in member banks, carried as a liability by the central bank, means that more money has been put into the economy.[a]

Q1: What happens when a lot of repo notes come due?
A1: increase in liquidity in the economy
Q2: What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due?
A2: contrary effect
Q3: What happens when members increase their deposits?
A3: more money has been put into the economy
Q4: What is a good way to boost the economy?
A4: increase in deposits in member banks
Q5: Where are contracts recorded?
A5: on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet
Title: Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.

Q1: What is one of the historical certain facts about Jesus?
A1: baptism of Jesus
Q2: Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened?
A2: the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be
Q3: Is the exact reason known that Jesus got Crucified for?
A3: the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine
Q4: Who said the Crucifixion of Jesus is firmly established.
A4: Eddy
Q5: Who said the Baptism of Jesus was Univeral Assent?
A5: James Dunn
Title: Neoclassical_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

The baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Architecture (1715), De Re Aedificatoria (1726) and The Designs of Inigo Jones... with Some Additional Designs (1727). The most popular was the four-volume Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell. The book contained architectural prints of famous British buildings that had been inspired by the great architects from Vitruvius to Palladio. At first the book mainly featured the work of Inigo Jones, but the later tomes contained drawings and plans by Campbell and other 18th-century architects. Palladian architecture became well established in 18th-century Britain.

Q1: What century were most four influential books published?
A1: 18th century
Q2: Who wrote Vitruvius Britannicus?
A2: Colen Campbell
Q3: In what century did Palladian architecture become well established?
A3: 18th-century
Q4: When was "The Designs of Inigo Jones" book published?
A4: 1727
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

The base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha. It is surrounded with a brick wall with 147 niches, each with four or five prayer wheels engraved with the mantra, om mani padme hum. At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox. Every year the stupa attracts many Tibetan Buddhist pilgrims who perform full body prostrations in the inner lower enclosure, walk around the stupa with prayer wheels, chant, and pray. Thousands of prayer flags are hoisted up from the top of the stupa downwards and dot the perimeter of the complex. The influx of many Tibetan refugees from China has seen the construction of over 50 Tibetan gompas (monasteries) around Boudhanath.

Q1: Who is pictured on the stupa's base?
A1: Dhyani Buddha Amitabha
Q2: What is Ajima the deity of?
A2: smallpox
Q3: What are gompas?
A3: monasteries
Q4: Visitors from what faith routinely visit the stupa?
A4: Tibetan Buddhist
Q5: What mantra is engraved on the stupa's prayer wheels?
A5: om mani padme hum
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015.

Q1: Where is the basic MP3 decoding and technology patent free?
A1: European Union
Q2: What happened to the patents that caused them to be patent-free?
A2: expired
Q3: When will the technology be patent - free in the United States?
A3: 31 December 2017
Q4: Between which years did most of the MP3 patents in the US expire?
A4: 2007 and 2015
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

The basic air defence unit is typically a battery with 2 to 12 guns or missile launchers and fire control elements. These batteries, particularly with guns, usually deploy in a small area, although batteries may be split; this is usual for some missile systems. SHORAD missile batteries often deploy across an area with individual launchers several kilometres apart. When MANPADS is operated by specialists, batteries may have several dozen teams deploying separately in small sections; self-propelled air defence guns may deploy in pairs.

Q1: How many guns or missile launchers are typically in a battery?
A1: 2 to 12
Q2: In addition to guns or missile launchers, what else comprises the battery?
A2: fire control elements
Q3: Where do batteries typically get deployed?
A3: in a small area
Q4: Which missile batteries often have individual launchers several kilometres from one another?
A4: SHORAD
Q5: Several dozen teams can deploy individually in small sections when what is handled by a specialist?
A5: MANPADS
Title: Annelid
Topic: Natural sciences

The basic annelid form consists of multiple segments. Each segment has the same sets of organs and, in most polychaetes, has a pair of parapodia that many species use for locomotion. Septa separate the segments of many species, but are poorly defined or absent in others, and Echiura and Sipuncula show no obvious signs of segmentation. In species with well-developed septa, the blood circulates entirely within blood vessels, and the vessels in segments near the front ends of these species are often built up with muscles that act as hearts. The septa of such species also enable them to change the shapes of individual segments, which facilitates movement by peristalsis ("ripples" that pass along the body) or by undulations that improve the effectiveness of the parapodia. In species with incomplete septa or none, the blood circulates through the main body cavity without any kind of pump, and there is a wide range of locomotory techniques – some burrowing species turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves through the sediment.

Q1: What separates many annelids' segments?
A1: Septa
Q2: Which annelids show no segmentation?
A2: Echiura and Sipuncula
Q3: What end of annelids with well-developed segmentation has muscles that act like hearts?
A3: front
Q4: What is movement by ripples called?
A4: peristalsis
Q5: What movement method do some burrowing annelids use?
A5: turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves
Title: Association_football
Topic: History

The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.

Q1: The equipment a player wears is also called a what?
A1: kit
Q2: What is highly recommended by medical experts for male players?
A2: An athletic supporter and protective cup
Q3: Who wears clothing that easily sets them apart from everyone else on the field?
A3: goalkeeper
Q4: wearing anything that could be dangerous is what?
A4: forbidden
Q5: What is not required but can be chosen to protect a player from head injuries? 
A5: Headgear
Title: Beer
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops. A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondary starch source, such as maize (corn), rice or sugar, often being termed an adjunct, especially when used as a lower-cost substitute for malted barley. Less widely used starch sources include millet, sorghum and cassava root in Africa, and potato in Brazil, and agave in Mexico, among others. The amount of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill.

Q1: What causes fermentation during the brewing process when making a beer?
A1: yeast
Q2: Which ingredient gives beer its flavor?
A2: hops
Q3: What vegetable is sometimes used as a grain source for beer in Brazil?
A3: potato
Q4: What is a popular grain source for brewing beer in Mexico?
A4: agave
Q5: In a recipe, what would you call the list of each source of starch in beer?
A5: the grain bill
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

The basis for classical economics forms Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith criticized mercantilism, advocating a system of free trade with division of labour. He postulated an "invisible hand" that regulated economic systems made up of actors guided only by self-interest. Karl Marx developed an alternative economic theory, called Marxian economics. Marxian economics is based on the labor theory of value and assumes the value of good to be based on the amount of labor required to produce it. Under this assumption, capitalism was based on employers not paying the full value of workers labor to create profit. The Austrian school responded to Marxian economics by viewing entrepreneurship as driving force of economic development. This replaced the labor theory of value by a system of supply and demand.

Q1: Who wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations?
A1: Adam Smith
Q2: What did Adam Smith's work cover?
A2: The basis for classical economics
Q3: What idea did Adam Smith disagree with?
A3: mercantilism
Q4: What idea did Adam Smith propose?
A4: an "invisible hand"
Q5: Who is Marxian economics named after?
A5: Karl Marx
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

The basis of Simpson's unity is color and colonial subjection. His color chart recognizes a spectrum of black, brown and yellow, which at the time had been traditional since the late 19th century. Apart from these was "the great white race", which the moderate Simpson tones down to simply the white race. The great whites were appearing as late as the 1920s works of James Henry Breasted, which were taught as the gospel of ancient history throughout the entire first half of the 20th century. A red wavelength was mainly of interest in America. The eastern question was modified by Simpson to "The Problem of the Nearer East," which had nothing to do with the Ottomans but everything to do with British colonialism. Simpson wrote of the white man:

Q1: What is the basis of Simpson's unity?
A1: color and colonial subjection
Q2: The great whites were appearing as late as what time?
A2: the 1920s
Q3: In whose works were the great whites appearing?
A3: James Henry Breasted
Q4: What was mainly of interest in America?
A4: A red wavelength
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger by August 1945.

Q1: In what year did American air attacks on the Marshalls begin?
A1: 1943
Q2: How large was the Japanese garrison on Mili?
A2: 5,100
Q3: What fraction of the Japanese garrison on Mili died due to hunger?
A3: half
Q4: Along with injuries, what suffering did the American bombing cause to the Marshall Islanders?
A4: lack of food
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

The battle of Iwo Jima ("Operation Detachment") in February 1945 was one of the bloodiest battles fought by the Americans in the Pacific War. Iwo Jima was an 8 sq mile (21 km2) island situated halfway between Tokyo and the Mariana Islands. Holland Smith, the commander of the invasion force, aimed to capture the island, and utilize its three airfields as bases to carry out air attacks against the Home Islands. Lt. General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, the commander of the island's defense, knew that he could not win the battle, but he hoped to make the Americans suffer far more than they could endure.

Q1: What was "Operation Detachment"?
A1: battle of Iwo Jima
Q2: When did "Operation Detachment" occur?
A2: February 1945
Q3: How many square miles is the island of Iwo Jima?
A3: 8
Q4: Iwo Jima is halfway between the Mariana Islands and what city?
A4: Tokyo
Q5: How many airfields were on Iwo Jima?
A5: three
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

The battle secured the beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army on Leyte against attack from the sea, broke the back of Japanese naval power and opened the way for an advance to the Ryukyu Islands in 1945. The only significant Japanese naval operation afterwards was the disastrous Operation Ten-Go in April 1945. Kurita's force had begun the battle with five battleships; when he returned to Japan, only Yamato was combat-worthy. Nishimura's sunken Yamashiro was the last battleship in history to engage another in combat.

Q1: What were the Leyte beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army secured from?
A1: attack from the sea
Q2: When did Operation Ten-Go occur?
A2: April 1945
Q3: How many battleships did Kurita begin Operation Ten-Go with?
A3: five
Q4: What was the last battleship in history to engage in combat with another battleship?
A4: Yamashiro
Q5: Which battleship was still capable of combat when Kurita returned to Japan?
A5: Yamato
Title: Pub
Topic: History

The beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times.

Q1: Along with The Royal Oak and The Crown, what is a traditional name for a pub?
A1: The Red Lion
Q2: What is an example of a name for a beer house?
A2: Smith's Beer House
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

The beginning of the 20th century brought the start of a revolution in physics. The long-held theories of Newton were shown not to be correct in all circumstances. Beginning in 1900, Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr and others developed quantum theories to explain various anomalous experimental results, by introducing discrete energy levels. Not only did quantum mechanics show that the laws of motion did not hold on small scales, but even more disturbingly, the theory of general relativity, proposed by Einstein in 1915, showed that the fixed background of spacetime, on which both Newtonian mechanics and special relativity depended, could not exist. In 1925, Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger formulated quantum mechanics, which explained the preceding quantum theories. The observation by Edwin Hubble in 1929 that the speed at which galaxies recede positively correlates with their distance, led to the understanding that the universe is expanding, and the formulation of the Big Bang theory by Georges Lemaître.

Q1: What science subject explains anomalous results?
A1: quantum theories
Q2: What year did Einstein discover the theory of general relativity?
A2: 1915
Q3: Quantum theories became which subject in 1925?
A3: quantum mechanics
Q4: Which scientist noticed the relationship between the speed and distance of galaxies?
A4: Edwin Hubble
Q5: Edwin Hubble's discovery about galaxies allowed for which theory by Georges Lemaitre?
A5: the Big Bang theory
Title: Neolithic
Topic: History

The beginning of the Neolithic culture is considered to be in the Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank) about 10,200 – 8,800 BC. It developed directly from the Epipaleolithic Natufian culture in the region, whose people pioneered the use of wild cereals, which then evolved into true farming. The Natufian period was between 12,000 and 10,200 BC, and the so-called "proto-Neolithic" is now included in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPNA) between 10,200 and 8,800 BC. As the Natufians had become dependent on wild cereals in their diet, and a sedentary way of life had begun among them, the climatic changes associated with the Younger Dryas are thought to have forced people to develop farming.

Q1: What time period marks the start of Neolithic culture?
A1: 10,200 – 8,800 BC
Q2: Where did the Neolithic culture begin?
A2: Levant (Jericho, modern-day West Bank)
Q3: What food item was the key to the evolution of farming?
A3: wild cereals
Q4: What era lasted between 12,000 and 10,200 BC?
A4: The Natufian period
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

The bel (B) and the smaller decibel (dB) are units of measurement of sound intensity invented by Bell Labs and named after him. [N 28] Since 1976 the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications.

Q1: What unit is named after Bell?
A1: The bel
Q2: What does the bel and decibel measure?
A2: sound intensity
Q3: What lab invented the term "bel."
A3: Bell Labs
Q4: In what field is the Alexander Graham Bell Medal given out?
A4: telecommunications
Q5: What was the first year the Alexander Graham Bell Medal was given out?
A5: 1976
Title: Westminster_Abbey
Topic: Art and architecture

The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg).

Q1: When were the bells overhauled?
A1: 1971
Q2: How many bells make up the abbey ring?
A2: Ten
Q3: When were the ten bells cast?
A3: 1971
Q4: Who cast the abbey bells?
A4: Whitechapel Bell Foundry
Title: Muslim_world
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sanskrit, Persian, and later Arabian fables. The original concept is derived from a pre-Islamic Persian prototype Hezār Afsān (Thousand Fables) that relied on particular Indian elements. It reached its final form by the 14th century; the number and type of tales have varied from one manuscript to another. All Arabian fantasy tales tend to be called Arabian Nights stories when translated into English, regardless of whether they appear in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights or not. This work has been very influential in the West since it was translated in the 18th century, first by Antoine Galland. Imitations were written, especially in France. Various characters from this epic have themselves become cultural icons in Western culture, such as Aladdin, Sinbad the Sailor and Ali Baba.

Q1: What is the most widely known fictional work from the Islamic world?
A1: One Thousand and One Nights
Q2: Arabian nights was originally based upon what Persian work?
A2: Hezār Afsān (Thousand Fables)
Q3: In what century was One Thousand and One Nights completed?
A3: 14th century
Q4: When did One Thousand and One Nights first get translated in the West?
A4: 18th century
Q5: Who was the first westerner to translate One Thousand and One Nights?
A5: Antoine Galland
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli "nidāna" meaning "cause, foundation, source or origin"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10]

Q1: What is the most common application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda?
A1: the scheme of Twelve Nidānas
Q2: What does the scheme of Twelve Nidānas explain?
A2: the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.
Q3: An application of the idea of pratityasamutpada is the scheme of what?
A3: Twelve Nidānas
Q4: What doe nidana mean?
A4: cause, foundation, source or origin
Title: Tibet
Topic: Geography and places

The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番; pinyin: Tǔbō or Tǔfān). This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor Yang of Sui). In the Middle Chinese spoken during that period, as reconstructed by William H. Baxter, 土番 was pronounced thux-phjon and 吐蕃 was pronounced thux-pjon (with the x representing tone).

Q1: What is the best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet?
A1: Tubo
Q2: When did the name for Tibet, Tubo, first appear in Chinese characters?
A2: 7th century
Q3: Who reconstructed Middle Chinese spoken from the 7th century to the 10th century?
A3: William H. Baxter
Title: Textual_criticism
Topic: Language and literature

The bibliographer Ronald B. McKerrow introduced the term copy-text in his 1904 edition of the works of Thomas Nashe, defining it as "the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine." McKerrow was aware of the limitations of the stemmatic method, and believed it was more prudent to choose one particular text that was thought to be particularly reliable, and then to emend it only where the text was obviously corrupt. The French critic Joseph Bédier likewise became disenchanted with the stemmatic method, and concluded that the editor should choose the best available text, and emend it as little as possible.

Q1: When was the term copy-text introduced?
A1: 1904
Q2: What was the initial definition of copy-text?
A2: the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine
Q3: Explain the process used by McKerrow as an alternative to the stemmaic method
A3: choose one particular text that was thought to be particularly reliable, and then to emend it only where the text was obviously corrupt.
Title: Presbyterianism
Topic: History

The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America. The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico, the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition.

Q1: What is the name of the largest Presbyterian church in Mexico?
A1: National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México)
Q2: How many members are in the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico?
A2: 2,500,000
Q3: When was the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico formed?
A3: 1875
Title: Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Topic: Social sciences and society

The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father.

Q1: What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census?
A1: Mulatto
Q2: What were people that had black and white ancestor classified as in this census? 
A2: Negro
Q3: How were people with both black and American Indian ancestry recorded in this census? 
A3: Neg
Q4: What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black?
A4: one-drop rule
Q5: Which parent was the deciding factor for how interracial persons were recorded in this census? 
A5: their father
Title: Virgil
Topic: Language and literature

The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry ("pastoral poetry") of the Hellenistic poet Theocritus. After his victory in the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, fought against the army led by the assassins of Julius Caesar, Octavian tried to pay off his veterans with land expropriated from towns in northern Italy, supposedly including, according to the tradition, an estate near Mantua belonging to Virgil. The loss of his family farm and the attempt through poetic petitions to regain his property have traditionally been seen as Virgil's motives in the composition of the Eclogues. This is now thought to be an unsupported inference from interpretations of the Eclogues. In Eclogues 1 and 9, Virgil indeed dramatizes the contrasting feelings caused by the brutality of the land expropriations through pastoral idiom, but offers no indisputable evidence of the supposed biographic incident. While some readers have identified the poet himself with various characters and their vicissitudes, whether gratitude by an old rustic to a new god (Ecl. 1), frustrated love by a rustic singer for a distant boy (his master's pet, Ecl. 2), or a master singer's claim to have composed several eclogues (Ecl. 5), modern scholars largely reject such efforts to garner biographical details from works of fiction, preferring to interpret an author's characters and themes as illustrations of contemporary life and thought. The ten Eclogues present traditional pastoral themes with a fresh perspective. Eclogues 1 and 9 address the land confiscations and their effects on the Italian countryside. 2 and 3 are pastoral and erotic, discussing both homosexual love (Ecl. 2) and attraction toward people of any gender (Ecl. 3). Eclogue 4, addressed to Asinius Pollio, the so-called "Messianic Eclogue" uses the imagery of the golden age in connection with the birth of a child (who the child was meant to be has been subject to debate). 5 and 8 describe the myth of Daphnis in a song contest, 6, the cosmic and mythological song of Silenus; 7, a heated poetic contest, and 10 the sufferings of the contemporary elegiac poet Cornelius Gallus. Virgil is credited[by whom?] in the Eclogues with establishing Arcadia as a poetic ideal that still resonates in Western literature and visual arts and setting the stage for the development of Latin pastoral by Calpurnius Siculus, Nemesianus, and later writers.

Q1: Which Hellenistic poet was known for bucolic hexameter poetry?
A1: Theocritus
Q2: Who tried to pay off veterans with land, some of which possibly belonged to Virgil?
A2: Octavian
Q3: Virgil's loss of his famiyl farm and the attempt to regain his property though poetry was the inferred motive for which work?
A3: Eclogues
Q4: To whom was Eclogue 4 addressed to?
A4: Asinius Pollio
Q5: Which Eclogues discusses homosexual love?
A5: Ecl. 2
Title: Symbiosis
Topic: Natural sciences

The biologist Lynn Margulis, famous for her work on endosymbiosis, contends that symbiosis is a major driving force behind evolution. She considers Darwin's notion of evolution, driven by competition, to be incomplete and claims that evolution is strongly based on co-operation, interaction, and mutual dependence among organisms. According to Margulis and Dorion Sagan, "Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking."

Q1: What does Margulis think is the main driver of evolution?
A1: symbiosis
Q2: Who agrees with Margulis' cooperative view of evolution?
A2: Dorion Sagan
Title: New_York_City
Topic: Geography and places

The biotechnology sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a US$2 billion graduate school of applied sciences called Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital. By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than US$30 million from investors, including Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, and Johnson & Johnson, for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) on East 29th Street and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The New York City Economic Development Corporation's Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including Celgene, General Electric Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in life sciences and biotechnology.

Q1: Along with Cornell University, what institution is involved in the building of Cornell Tech?
A1: Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
Q2: What is the cost to build Cornell Tech?
A2: US$2 billion
Q3: On what island is Cornell Tech located?
A3: Roosevelt Island
Q4: About how much capital did Accelerator raise as of the middle of 2014?
A4: US$30 million
Q5: How large is the Alexandria Center for Life Science in square meters?
A5: 65,000
Q6: In 2011, what school was built on Roosevelt Island?
A6: Cornell Tech
Title: Transistor
Topic: Engineering and technology

The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was the most commonly used transistor in the 1960s and 70s. Even after MOSFETs became widely available, the BJT remained the transistor of choice for many analog circuits such as amplifiers because of their greater linearity and ease of manufacture. In integrated circuits, the desirable properties of MOSFETs allowed them to capture nearly all market share for digital circuits. Discrete MOSFETs can be applied in transistor applications, including analog circuits, voltage regulators, amplifiers, power transmitters and motor drivers.

Q1: What was the most frequently used transistor in the 1960s and 70s?
A1: bipolar junction transistor
Q2: Why were BJTs so popular?
A2: their greater linearity and ease of manufacture
Q3: What are some applications of discrete MOSFETs?
A3: transistor applications, including analog circuits, voltage regulators, amplifiers, power transmitters and motor drivers
Q4: What were the most popular digital circuits of the time?
A4: MOSFETs
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The bipolar transistor was invented in 1947. From 1955 onwards transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computer designs, giving rise to the "second generation" of computers. Compared to vacuum tubes, transistors have many advantages: they are smaller, and require less power than vacuum tubes, so give off less heat. Silicon junction transistors were much more reliable than vacuum tubes and had longer, indefinite, service life. Transistorized computers could contain tens of thousands of binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space.

Q1: When was the bipolar transistor created?
A1: 1947.
Q2: When did transistors start replacing vacuum tubes in computers?
A2: 1955
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.

Q1: What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born?
A1: Red Sea
Q2: In what location was Islam born?
A2: the Arabian Peninsula
Q3: What civilization was Mogadishu a part of?
A3: Berberi
Q4: What was another name for Mogadishu?
A4: the City of Islam
Q5: The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu?
A5: gold
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and considered the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His birthday on March 14 is celebrated in Estonia as the Mother Tongue Day. A fragment from Peterson's poem "Kuu" expresses the claim reestablishing the birthright of the Estonian language:

Q1: Which Estonian poet's works were printed from 1810 to 1820?
A1: Kristjan Jaak Peterson
Q2: What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on?
A2: patriotic and philosophical
Q3: When was Peterson born?
A3: March 14
Q4: What is another name given for Peterson's birthday?
A4: Mother Tongue Day
Q5: What university did Peterson attend?
A5: German-language University of Dorpat
Title: IBM
Topic: History

The birthplace of IBM, Endicott, suffered pollution for decades, however. IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind volatile organic compounds in the town's soil and aquifer. Traces of volatile organic compounds have been identified in Endicott’s drinking water, but the levels are within regulatory limits. Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon, benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople. IBM Endicott has been identified by the Department of Environmental Conservation as the major source of pollution, though traces of contaminants from a local dry cleaner and other polluters were also found. Remediation and testing are ongoing, however according to city officials, tests show that the water is safe to drink.

Q1: What location is the birthplace of IBM?
A1: Endicott
Q2: How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979?
A2: 4,100 gallons
Q3: How long did IBM use liquid cleaning agents for circuit board manufacturing?
A3: more than two decades
Q4: Starting in 1980 how many gallons of chemicals did IBM pump into the air?
A4: 78,000 gallons
Q5: IBM was identified by what department as a major source of pollution?
A5: Department of Environmental Conservation
Title: Planck_constant
Topic: Mathematics

The black-body problem was revisited in 1905, when Rayleigh and Jeans (on the one hand) and Einstein (on the other hand) independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum. These proofs are commonly known as the "ultraviolet catastrophe", a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911. They contributed greatly (along with Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect) to convincing physicists that Planck's postulate of quantized energy levels was more than a mere mathematical formalism. The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to "the theory of radiation and quanta". Max Planck received the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta".

Q1: Einstein and what other two individuals revisited the black-body problem in 1905?
A1: Rayleigh and Jeans
Q2: Who came up with the term, "ultraviolet catastrophe"?
A2: Paul Ehrenfest
Q3: When did Paul Ehrenfest come up with the name "ultraviolet catastrophe"?
A3: 1911
Q4: When was the first Solvay Conference held?
A4: 1911
Q5: Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918?
A5: Max Planck
Q6: What did Rayleigh & Jeans and Einstein prove independently in 1905?
A6: classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum
Q7: What name did Paul Ehrenfest give to the proofs from Einstein and Rayleigh & Jeans?
A7: the "ultraviolet catastrophe"
Q8: When was the first Solvay Conference held?
A8: 1911
Q9: What was the topic of the first Solvay Conference?
A9: "the theory of radiation and quanta"
Q10: In what year did Planck receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of energy quanta?
A10: 1918
Title: Iran
Topic: Geography and places

The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scientific activities. After the 10th century, Persian language, alongside Arabic, was used for the scientific, philosophical, historical, musical, and medical works, whereas the important Iranian writers, such as Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb od Din Shirazi, and Biruni, had major contributions in the scientific writing.

Q1: What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked?
A1: the Islamic Golden Age
Q2: When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith?
A2: by the 10th and 11th centuries
Q3: Where was the main area where the peak of scientific activity take place during the Islamic Golden Age?
A3: Iran
Q4: Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing?
A4: scientific writing
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

The blue and red colours of the shirt were first worn in a match against Hispania in 1900. Several competing theories have been put forth for the blue and red design of the Barcelona shirt. The son of the first president, Arthur Witty, claimed it was the idea of his father as the colours were the same as the Merchant Taylor's School team. Another explanation, according to author Toni Strubell, is that the colours are from Robespierre's First Republic. In Catalonia the common perception is that the colours were chosen by Joan Gamper and are those of his home team, FC Basel. The club's most frequently used change colours have been yellow and orange. An away kit featuring the red and yellow stripes of the flag of Catalonia has also been used.

Q1: When were the blue and red colors worn for a game by Barcelona?
A1: 1900
Q2: When the colors were first worn, what team did Barcelona play?
A2: Hispania
Q3: From what source do Catalons think the red/blue colors originated?
A3: Joan Gamper
Q4: What do the red and yellow stripes of the away kit symbolize?
A4: flag of Catalonia
Q5: What are Barcelona's most often used change colors?
A5: yellow and orange
Title: Dell
Topic: History

The board consists of nine directors. Michael Dell, the founder of the company, serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Other board members include Don Carty, William Gray, Judy Lewent, Klaus Luft, Alex Mandl, Michael A. Miles, and Sam Nunn. Shareholders elect the nine board members at meetings, and those board members who do not get a majority of votes must submit a resignation to the board, which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept the resignation. The board of directors usually sets up five committees having oversight over specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues, including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Finance Committee, which handles financial matters such as proposed mergers and acquisitions; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters (including nomination of the board); and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which attempts to prevent company practices from violating antitrust laws.[citation needed]

Q1: Who is the founder of Dell?
A1: Michael Dell
Q2: How many board members does Dell have?
A2: nine
Q3: How many committees are appointed by the board of directors at Dell?
A3: five
Q4: Which Dell committee handles accounting issues?
A4: Audit Committee
Q5: Which Dell committee keeps the company from violating antitrust laws?
A5: Antitrust Compliance Committee
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

The board of directors has ultimate control over the organization, but typically an executive director is hired. In some cases, the board is elected by a membership, but commonly, the board of directors is self-perpetuating. In these "board-only" organizations, board members nominate new members and vote on their fellow directors nominations. Part VI, section A, question 7a of the Form 990 asks "members, stockholders, or other persons who had the power to elect or appoint one or more members of the governing body?".

Q1: Who is in control of the organization?
A1: board of directors
Q2: Who does the board hire to help with running the organization?
A2: executive director
Q3: How is the board of directors most often chosen?
A3: self-perpetuating
Q4: How is a board of directors less commonly chosen?
A4: elected by a membership
Q5: Where, on Form 990, does an organization have to list what type of board they have?
A5: Part VI, section A, question 7a
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

The bodies of vascular plants including clubmosses, ferns and seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) generally have aerial and subterranean subsystems. The shoots consist of stems bearing green photosynthesising leaves and reproductive structures. The underground vascularised roots bear root hairs at their tips and generally lack chlorophyll. Non-vascular plants, the liverworts, hornworts and mosses do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots and most of the plant participates in photosynthesis. The sporophyte generation is nonphotosynthetic in liverworts but may be able to contribute part of its energy needs by photosynthesis in mosses and hornworts.

Q1: What makes up the bodies of vascular plants?
A1: stems bearing green photosynthesising leaves
Q2: Do roots contain chlorophyll?
A2: generally lack chlorophyll
Q3: What makes a plant non-vascular?
A3: do not produce ground-penetrating vascular roots
Q4: How much of a non-vascular plant is involved in photosynthesis?
A4: most of the plant
Q5: How are sporophytes generated in liverworts?
A5: nonphotosynthetic
Title: Immunology
Topic: Natural sciences

The body’s capability to react to antigen depends on a person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area where the antigen is presented. Neonates are said to be in a state of physiological immunodeficiency, because both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed. Once born, a child’s immune system responds favorably to protein antigens while not as well to glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In fact, many of the infections acquired by neonates are caused by low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. In neonates, opsonic activity and the ability to activate the complement cascade is very limited. For example, the mean level of C3 in a newborn is approximately 65% of that found in the adult. Phagocytic activity is also greatly impaired in newborns. This is due to lower opsonic activity, as well as diminished up-regulation of integrin and selectin receptors, which limit the ability of neutrophils to interact with adhesion molecules in the endothelium. Their monocytes are slow and have a reduced ATP production, which also limits the newborn's phagocytic activity. Although, the number of total lymphocytes is significantly higher than in adults, the cellular and humoral immunity is also impaired. Antigen-presenting cells in newborns have a reduced capability to activate T cells. Also, T cells of a newborn proliferate poorly and produce very small amounts of cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IFN-g which limits their capacity to activate the humoral response as well as the phagocitic activity of macrophage. B cells develop early during gestation but are not fully active.

Q1: What are the four factors that determine how the body reacts to an antigen?
A1: person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area
Q2: Why are newborns described as being physiologically immunodeficient?
A2: both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed
Q3: Newborns are particularly susceptible to infections caused by?
A3: low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas
Q4: What activity is also greatly reduced in newborn infants?
A4: phagocytic
Q5: Antigen cells in newborns are also struggle to do this?
A5: activate T cells
Title: The_Blitz
Topic: History

The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy. The eight months of bombing never seriously hampered British production and the war industries continued to operate and expand. The Blitz was only authorised when the Luftwaffe had failed to meet preconditions for a 1940 launch of Operation Sea Lion, the provisionally planned German invasion of Britain. By May 1941 the threat of an invasion of Britain had passed, and Hitler's attention had turned to Operation Barbarossa in the East. In comparison to the later Allied bombing campaign against Germany, the Blitz resulted in relatively few casualties; the British bombing of Hamburg in July 1943 inflicted some 42,000 civilian deaths, about the same as the entire Blitz.

Q1: What was the name of the Luftwaffe plan to invade Britain?
A1: Operation Sea Lion
Q2: How many people died in the bombing of Hamburg?
A2: 42,000
Q3: What was the date of the bombing of Hamburg?
A3: July 1943
Q4: Who was the leader of the Luftwaffe? 
A4: Hitler