LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahiriya because it guaranteed the protection of private property, contravening The Green Book's socialism. His emphasis on placing his own work on a par with the Qur'an led conservative clerics to accuse him of shirk, furthering their opposition to his regime. In July, a border war broke out with Egypt, in which the Egyptians defeated Libya despite their technological inferiority. The conflict lasted one week before both sides agreed to sign a peace treaty that was brokered by several Arab states. That year, Gaddafi was invited to Moscow by the Soviet government in recognition of their increasing commercial relationship.

Q1: What book did the Jamahiriya look to for legal advice?
A1: Qur'an
Q2: What tenet of sharia did Gaddafi believe was incompatible with socialism?
A2: protection of private property
Q3: What relationship led the Soviets to invite Gaddafi to Moscow?
A3: commercial
Q4: What did conservative Muslim clerics accuse Gaddafi of?
A4: shirk
Q5: Who won a border war with Libya?
A5: Egypt
Title: Friedrich_Hayek
Topic: Social sciences and society

With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated "some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy." As referenced in the section on "The economic calculation problem," Hayek wrote that "there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance." Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes "[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state." Bernard Harcourt says that "Hayek was adamant about this." In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:

Q1: According to Wapshott, who was promoting the implementation of universal health care?
A1: Hayek
Q2: Who did Hayek say should provide a safety net for society?
A2: the state
Q3: In which of Hayek's works did he make his statements regarding social insurance?
A3: The economic calculation problem
Q4: Who made the claim that Hayek was particularly determined regarding his beliefs on social insurance and a safety net?
A4: Bernard Harcourt
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Juárez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the Southside Locos, traditionally known as Sureños.

Q1: What cartel has been known to be in Oklahoma city?
A1: Juárez Cartel
Title: Supreme_court
Topic: Language and literature

With respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ICT generally functions the same as provinces. Azad Kashmir has its own courts system and the constitution of Pakistan does not apply to it as such; appeals from Azad Kashmir relate to its relationship with Pakistan.

Q1: What are some of the territories within Pakistan?
A1: FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)
Q2: What type of cases may Pakistan's Supreme Court hear from FATA?
A2: appeals only of a constitutional nature
Q3: What Pakistani territory's own courts retain supremacy?
A3: Azad Kashmir
Q4: What is the relationship between Pakistan's Constitution and Azad Kashmir?
A4: does not apply to it
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

With respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of the Dungan revolt in northwest China, Yaqub Beg invaded Xinjiang from Central Asia with support from the British Empire, and made himself the ruler of the kingdom of Kashgaria. The Qing court sent forces to defeat Yaqub Beg and Xinjiang was reconquered, and then the political system of China proper was formally applied onto Xinjiang. The Kumul Khanate, which was incorporated into the Qing empire as a vassal after helping Qing defeat the Zunghars in 1757, maintained its status after Xinjiang turned into a province through the end of the dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution up until 1930. In early 20th century, Britain sent an expedition force to Tibet and forced Tibetans to sign a treaty. The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China. The British agreed not to annex Tibetan territory or to interfere in the administration of Tibet, while China engaged not to permit any other foreign state to interfere with the territory or internal administration of Tibet. Furthermore, similar to Xinjiang which was converted into a province earlier, the Qing government also turned Manchuria into three provinces in the early 20th century, officially known as the "Three Northeast Provinces", and established the post of Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces to oversee these provinces, making the total number of regional viceroys to nine.

Q1: What title did the emperor hold in Mongolia?
A1: khan
Q2: Who ruled Kashgaria?
A2: Yaqub Beg
Q3: Who supported Beg?
A3: British
Q4: When did the British invade Tibet?
A4: early 20th century
Q5: What was the name of the agreement between Britain and the Chinese that kept the British out of Tibet?
A5: 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention
Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis
Topic: Geography and places

With roots dating back to 1909 in the university's School of Social Economy, the George Warren Brown School of Social Work (commonly called the Brown School or Brown) was founded in 1925. Brown's academic degree offerings include a Master of Social Work (MSW), a Master of Public Health (MPH), a PhD in Social Work, and a PhD in Public Health Sciences. It is currently ranked first among Master of Social Work programs in the United States. The school was endowed by Bettie Bofinger Brown and named for her husband, George Warren Brown, a St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the Brown Shoe Company. The school was the first in the country to have a building for the purpose of social work education, and it is also a founding member of the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. The school is housed within Brown and Goldfarb Halls, but a third building expansion is currently in progress and slated to be completed in summer 2015. The new building, adjacent to Brown and Goldfarb Halls, targets LEED Gold certification and will add approximately 105,000 square feet, more than doubling the school's teaching, research, and program space.

Q1: When was the George Warren Brown School of Social Work founded?
A1: 1925
Q2: By what other names is the George Warren Brown School of Social Work known?
A2: Brown School or Brown
Q3: What degree programs are offered by the George Warren Brown School of Social Work?
A3: Master of Social Work (MSW), a Master of Public Health (MPH), a PhD in Social Work, and a PhD in Public Health Sciences
Q4: What roles was George Warren Brown known?
A4: St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the Brown Shoe Company
Q5: What facilities house the  George Warren Brown School of Social Work?
A5: Brown and Goldfarb Halls
Title: Israel
Topic: History

With successive Persian rule, the region, divided between Syria-Coele province and later the autonomous Yehud Medinata, was gradually developing back into urban society, largely dominated by Judeans. The Greek conquests largely skipped the region without any resistance or interest. Incorporated into Ptolemaic and finally Seleucid Empires, the southern Levant was heavily hellenized, building the tensions between Judeans and Greeks. The conflict erupted in 167 BCE with the Maccabean Revolt, which succeeded in establishing an independent Hasmonean Kingdom in Judah, which later expanded over much of modern Israel, as the Seleucids gradually lost control in the region.

Q1: When did the conflict between Judeans and Greeks erupt?
A1: 167 BCE
Q2: What was established in the Maccabean Revolt?
A2: Hasmonean Kingdom
Q3: Who dominated the society?
A3: Judeans
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

With such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work. Other factors that lead to the decline of child labour included financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation.

Q1: What became an issue for the working child?
A1: illiteracy
Q2: Was illiteracy a factor in changing the minds of parents of child labourers?
A2: many parents developed a change of opinion
Q3: What are the reasons that lead to a decline of child labour?
A3: financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation
Title: British_Empire
Topic: History

With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves. The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834 (with the exception of St. Helena, Ceylon and the territories administered by the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed). Under the Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of 4 to 6 years of "apprenticeship".

Q1: When was the Slave Trade Act enacted?
A1: 1807
Q2: What abolished the British slave trade?
A2: the Slave Trade Act
Q3: Which colony was the official British colony for freed slaves?
A3: Sierra Leone
Q4: What abolished slavery throughout the British Empire?
A4: The Slavery Abolition Act
Q5: How long of an 'apprenticeship' did slaves need to have before being fully freed?
A5: 4 to 6 years
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da Bandeira, Silva Porto, Malanje, Tete, Vila Junqueiro, Vila Pery and Vila Cabral were founded or redeveloped inland during this period and beyond. New coastal towns like Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia were also founded. Even before the turn of the 20th century, railway tracks as the Benguela railway in Angola, and the Beira railway in Mozambique, started to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions.

Q1: When was the Conference of Berlin held?
A1: 1884
Q2: Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established?
A2: to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa
Q3: During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped?
A3: Scramble for Africa
Q4: What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa?
A4: Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia
Q5: When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa?
A5: before the turn of the 20th century
Title: Pacific_War
Topic: History

With the Japanese CAP out of position and the carriers at their most vulnerable, SBD Dauntlesses from Enterprise and Yorktown appeared at an altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) and commenced their attack, quickly dealing fatal blows to three fleet carriers: Sōryū, Kaga, and Akagi. Within minutes, all three were ablaze and had to be abandoned with great loss of life. Hiryū managed to survive the wave of dive bombers and launched a counter-attack against the American carriers which caused severe damage to Yorktown (which was later finished off by a Japanese submarine). However, a second attack from the U.S. carriers a few hours later found and destroyed Hiryū, the last remaining fleet carrier available to Nagumo. With his carriers lost and the Americans withdrawn out of range of his powerful battleships, Yamamoto was forced to call off the operation, leaving Midway in American hands. The battle proved to be a decisive victory for the Allies. For the second time, Japanese expansion had been checked and its formidable Combined Fleet was significantly weakened by the loss of four fleet carriers and many highly trained, virtually irreplaceable, personnel. Japan would be largely on the defensive for the rest of the war.

Q1: At what altitude did the American dive bombers commence their attck on the Japanese carriers?
A1: 10,000 feet
Q2: Which Japanese carrier survived the first wave of American dive bombers in the Battle of Midway.
A2: Hiryū
Q3: Who won the Battle of Midway?
A3: Allies
Q4: How many fleet carriers were lost by the Japanese in the Battle of Midway?
A4: four
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.

Q1: When was the Treaty of the Pyrenees?
A1: 1659
Q2: What part of Catalonia did Spain give to France?
A2: northern part
Q3: Why did Spain give part of Catalonia to France?
A3: Treaty of the Pyrenees
Q4: What language began to influence Catalan?
A4: French
Q5: When did French become the official language of that part of Catalonia?
A5: 1700
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors was the peace of God; as far as the Church was concerned, internal dissent and doctrinal schism were a far greater problem. The solution came from a hitherto unlikely source: as pontifex maximus Constantine I favoured the "Catholic Church of the Christians" against the Donatists because:

Q1: Who said the imperial honors were against Christian teachings?
A1: St. Jerome
Q2: With what veneration did most Christians have little trouble?
A2: "pagan" emperors
Q3: To what did the Christian church equate the peace of the emperors?
A3: peace of God
Q4: What pontifax maximus favored the Catholic church? 
A4: Constantine I
Q5: What Christian group did Constantine I disapprove?
A5: Donatists
Title: Valencia
Topic: Geography and places

With the abolition of the charters of Valencia and most of its institutions, and the conformation of the kingdom and its capital to the laws and customs of Castile, top civil officials were no longer elected, but instead were appointed directly from Madrid, the king's court city, the offices often filled by foreign aristocrats. Valencia had to become accustomed to being an occupied city, living with the presence of troops quartered in the Citadel near the convent of Santo Domingo and in other buildings such as the Lonja, which served as a barracks until 1762.

Q1: What type of people often held Valencia's offices?
A1: foreign aristocrats
Q2: From where were Valencia's officials chosen?
A2: Madrid
Q3: What convent was close to the area where troops lived?
A3: Santo Domingo
Q4: Until when was the Lonja used to quarter troops?
A4: 1762
Title: Materialism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actuality' of the world around us, can be extrapolated into the atomic range. This extrapolation, however, is impossible... atoms are not things." Likewise, some philosophers[which?] feel that these dichotomies necessitate a switch from materialism to physicalism. Others use the terms "materialism" and "physicalism" interchangeably.

Q1: Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what?
A1: things
Title: East_India_Company
Topic: History

With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:

Q1: what was the type of  Revolution that allowed Britian to move ahead of its European rivals?
A1: Industrial Revolution
Q2: What was the name of William Henry Pyne book from 1808?
A2: The Microcosm of London
Q3: What became the largest player in the British global market according to William Henry Pyne?
A3: The company
Q4: What country was the home to the Industrial Revolution?
A4: Britain
Q5: The industrial revoluntion gave raise to the access to what type of material?
A5: raw
Title: Great_Plains
Topic: History

With the arrival of Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, a Spanish conquistador, the first recorded history of encounter between Europeans and Native Americans in the Great Plains occurred in Texas, Kansas and Nebraska from 1540-1542. In that same time period, Hernando de Soto crossed a west-northwest direction in what is now Oklahoma and Texas. Today this is known as the De Soto Trail. The Spanish thought the Great Plains were the location of the mythological Quivira and Cíbola, a place said to be rich in gold.

Q1: who was the spanish conquistador who had encounters with europeans and native americans?
A1: Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Q2: who crossed a section of oklahoma and texas?
A2: Hernando de Soto
Q3: what is the section of oklahoma and texas that  Hernando de Soto traveled?
A3: the De Soto Trail
Q4: who thought the great plains were the locations of Quivira and Cíbola?
A4: The Spanish
Q5: what did the spanish think the cities of Quivira and Cíbola were rich in?
A5: gold
Title: San_Diego
Topic: Geography and places

With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of its residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways. This includes Interstate 5, which runs south to Tijuana and north to Los Angeles; Interstate 8, which runs east to Imperial County and the Arizona Sun Corridor; Interstate 15, which runs northeast through the Inland Empire to Las Vegas and Salt Lake City; and Interstate 805, which splits from I-5 near the Mexican border and rejoins I-5 at Sorrento Valley.

Q1: What major interstate runs from Tijuana to Los Angeles?
A1: Interstate 8
Q2: Where does Interstate 805 split from I-5?
A2: near the Mexican border
Q3: Which interstate directly connects the east with the Arizona Sun Corridor and Imperial County?
A3: Interstate 8
Q4: What two major cities are Inland Empire connected to via Interstate 15?
A4: Las Vegas and Salt Lake City
Q5: What percentage of San Diego's residents rely on theri automobile as a primary source of transportation?
A5: over 80 percent
Title: Mosaic
Topic: Art and architecture

With the building of Christian basilicas in the late 4th century, wall and ceiling mosaics were adopted for Christian uses. The earliest examples of Christian basilicas have not survived, but the mosaics of Santa Constanza and Santa Pudenziana, both from the 4th century, still exist. The winemaking putti in the ambulatory of Santa Constanza still follow the classical tradition in that they represent the feast of Bacchus, which symbolizes transformation or change, and are thus appropriate for a mausoleum, the original function of this building. In another great Constantinian basilica, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem the original mosaic floor with typical Roman geometric motifs is partially preserved. The so-called Tomb of the Julii, near the crypt beneath St Peter's Basilica, is a 4th-century vaulted tomb with wall and ceiling mosaics that are given Christian interpretations. The Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki, converted into a Christian church during the course of the 4th century, was embellished with very high artistic quality mosaics. Only fragments survive of the original decoration, especially a band depicting saints with hands raised in prayer, in front of complex architectural fantasies.

Q1: Around what century were mosaics adapted for Christian churches?
A1: the late 4th century
Q2: What Christian church besides the Santa Costanza was built in the 4th century?
A2: Santa Pudenziana
Q3: What was the original function of the Santa Costanza church?
A3: a mausoleum
Q4: In which basilica is the Tomb of Julii?
A4: St Peter's Basilica
Q5: Under what period were the 4th century churches built?
A5: Constantinian
Title: London
Topic: Geography and places

With the collapse of Roman rule in the early 5th century, London ceased to be a capital and the walled city of Londinium was effectively abandoned, although Roman civilisation continued in the St Martin-in-the-Fields area until around 450. From around 500, an Anglo-Saxon settlement known as Lundenwic developed in the same area, slightly to the west of the old Roman city. By about 680, it had revived sufficiently to become a major port, although there is little evidence of large-scale production of goods. From the 820s the town declined because of repeated Viking invasions. There are three recorded Viking assaults on London; two of which were successful in 851 and 886 AD, although they were defeated during the attack of 994 AD.

Q1: What area continued to exist after Londinium was abandoned following the end of Roman rule?
A1: St Martin-in-the-Fields
Q2: What was responsible for the decline of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Lundenwic?
A2: repeated Viking invasions
Q3: How many known attacks on London did the Vikings commit?
A3: three
Q4: By the late 7th century, what was a main function of Lundenwic?
A4: a major port
Q5: Of the three recorded Viking assaults on London, how many were successful?
A5: two
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

With the continued miniaturization of computing resources, and advancements in portable battery life, portable computers grew in popularity in the 2000s. The same developments that spurred the growth of laptop computers and other portable computers allowed manufacturers to integrate computing resources into cellular phones. These so-called smartphones and tablets run on a variety of operating systems and have become the dominant computing device on the market, with manufacturers reporting having shipped an estimated 237 million devices in 2Q 2013.

Q1: Computing resources that are created in cell phones are called what?
A1: smartphones
Q2: How many tablets were sold in 2Q 2013?
A2: 237 million devices
Title: John_Kerry
Topic: Warfare

With the continuing controversy that had surrounded the military service of George W. Bush since the 2000 Presidential election (when he was accused of having used his father's political influence to gain entrance to the Texas Air National Guard, thereby protecting himself from conscription into the United States Army, and possible service in the Vietnam War), John Kerry's contrasting status as a decorated Vietnam War veteran posed a problem for Bush's re-election campaign, which Republicans sought to counter by calling Kerry's war record into question. As the presidential campaign of 2004 developed, approximately 250 members of a group called Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT, later renamed Swift Vets and POWs for Truth) opposed Kerry's campaign. The group held press conferences, ran ads and endorsed a book questioning Kerry's service record and his military awards. The group included several members of Kerry's unit, such as Larry Thurlow, who commanded a swift boat alongside of Kerry's, and Stephen Gardner, who served on Kerry's boat. The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative 'swiftboating', to describe an unfair or untrue political attack. Most of Kerry's former crewmates have stated that SBVT's allegations are false.

Q1: Who kept George W. Bush out of Vietnam?
A1: his father
Q2: What military branch was George W. Bush in?
A2: the Texas Air National Guard
Q3: How did Republicans attack Kerry?
A3: by calling Kerry's war record into question
Q4: What did SBVT change its name to?
A4: Swift Vets and POWs for Truth
Q5: What term was inspired by the attacks on Kerry?
A5: swiftboating
Title: Aircraft_carrier
Topic: Warfare

With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier (estimated service 2016) compared to the smaller $2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships, which are able to deploy squadrons of F-35Bs. The first of this class, USS America, is now in active service with another, USS Tripoli, under construction and 9 more are planned.

Q1: How many supercarriers did the U.S. fleet have following the deactivation of the USS Enterprise?
A1: 10
Q2: How many new carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07?
A2: one every four years
Q3: What class does the USS America belong to?
A3: America-class amphibious assault ships
Q4: What is the USS America capable of destroying squadrons of?
A4: F-35Bs
Q5: Which other carrier joins the USS America in active service?
A5: USS Tripoli
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Department of History of the University of Pittsburgh, writes that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates essentially ended with Jiajing's reign while Ming influence in the Amdo region was supplanted by the Mongols.

Q1: Who was Zhengde's successor? 
A1: Jiajing
Q2: What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of? 
A2: Neo-Confucian establishment
Q3: Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject?
A3: the Portuguese embassy
Q4: Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards?
A4: Tibetan Buddhism and lamas
Q5: Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign?
A5: Jiajing
Title: Israel
Topic: History

With the decline of Herodians, Judea, transformed into a Roman province, became the site of a violent struggle of Jews against Greco-Romans, culminating in the Jewish-Roman Wars, ending in wide-scale destruction, expulsions, and genocide. Jewish presence in the region significantly dwindled after the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Nevertheless, there was a continuous small Jewish presence and Galilee became its religious center. The Mishnah and part of the Talmud, central Jewish texts, were composed during the 2nd to 4th centuries CE in Tiberias and Jerusalem. The region came to be populated predominantly by Greco-Romans on the coast and Samaritans in the hill-country. Christianity was gradually evolving over Roman paganism, when the area stood under Byzantine rule. Through the 5th and 6th centuries, the dramatic events of the repeated Samaritan revolts reshaped the land, with massive destruction to Byzantine Christian and Samaritan societies and a resulting decrease of the population. After the Persian conquest and the installation of a short-lived Jewish Commonwealth in 614 CE, the Byzantine Empire reconquered the country in 628.

Q1: When did the Jewish presence dwindle in the region?
A1: 132 CE
Q2: Who conquered the country in 628?
A2: Byzantine Empire
Q3: What was evolving over Roman paganism?
A3: Christianity
Title: Alsace
Topic: History

With the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia.

Q1: Which three territories make up the Upper Rhine?
A1: Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss
Q2: Who forced Christianity upon the Alsace people?
A2: Clovis' Merovingian
Q3: What occurred at the treaty of Verdun?
A3: Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843
Q4: In what year did Lothar past away?
A4: 855
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

With the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army of the Rhine at Gravelotte, the French were forced to retire to Metz, where they were besieged by over 150,000 Prussian troops of the First and Second Armies. Napoleon III and MacMahon formed the new French Army of Châlons, to march on to Metz to rescue Bazaine. Napoleon III personally led the army with Marshal MacMahon in attendance. The Army of Châlons marched northeast towards the Belgian border to avoid the Prussians before striking south to link up with Bazaine. The Prussians, under the command of Field Marshal Count Helmuth von Moltke, took advantage of this maneuver to catch the French in a pincer grip. He left the Prussian First and Second Armies besieging Metz, except three corps detached to form the Army of the Meuse under the Crown Prince of Saxony. With this army and the Prussian Third Army, Moltke marched northward and caught up with the French at Beaumont on 30 August. After a sharp fight in which they lost 5,000 men and 40 cannons, the French withdrew toward Sedan. Having reformed in the town, the Army of Châlons was immediately isolated by the converging Prussian armies. Napoleon III ordered the army to break out of the encirclement immediately. With MacMahon wounded on the previous day, General Auguste Ducrot took command of the French troops in the field.

Q1: What factor forced the French to retreat to Metz?
A1: the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army
Q2: At Metz, what was the approximate number of Prussian troops?
A2: over 150,000
Q3: Who formed the new French Army of Chalons?
A3: Napoleon III and MacMahon
Q4: Along with the Army of the Meuse, what other army did Moltke march north with?
A4: the Prussian Third Army
Q5: How many casualties did Moltke suffer at Beaumont?
A5: 5,000 men
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

With the defeat of the Confederacy in 1865, the Reconstruction Era began. The United States abolished slavery without compensation to slaveholders or reparations to freedmen. A Republican Party coalition of black freedmen, northern carpetbaggers and local scalawags controlled state government for three years. The white conservative Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1870, in part by Ku Klux Klan violence and terrorism at the polls, to suppress black voting. Republicans were elected to the governorship until 1876, when the Red Shirts, a paramilitary organization that arose in 1874 and was allied with the Democratic Party, helped suppress black voting. More than 150 black Americans were murdered in electoral violence in 1876.

Q1: What year was the confederacy defeated?
A1: 1865
Q2: What Era began following the defeat of the confederacy?
A2: Reconstruction Era
Q3: The US abolished slavery without giving what to slave owners?
A3: compensation
Q4: When did white Democrats regain control of the state legislature?
A4: 1870
Q5: What did the KKK target with violence and terrorism at the polls?
A5: black voting
Title: Franco-Prussian_War
Topic: History

With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby town of Roncourt and with the survivors of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a fresh attack against the ruins of St. Privat. At 20:00, the arrival of the Prussian 4th Infantry Division of the II Corps and with the Prussian right flank on Mance Ravine, the line stabilised. By then, the Prussians of the 1st Guards Infantry Division and the XII and II Corps captured St. Privat forcing the decimated French forces to withdraw. With the Prussians exhausted from the fighting, the French were now able to mount a counter-attack. General Bourbaki, however, refused to commit the reserves of the French Old Guard to the battle because, by that time, he considered the overall situation a 'defeat'. By 22:00, firing largely died down across the battlefield for the night. The next morning, the French Army of the Rhine, rather than resume the battle with an attack of its own against the battle-weary German armies, retreated to Metz where they were besieged and forced to surrender two months later.

Q1: Which prince ordered an artillery attack against Canrobert?
A1: Prince Frederick Charles
Q2: Which army's defeat compelled Prince Charles to attack?
A2: defeat of the First Army,
Q3: As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town?
A3: Roncourt
Q4: The surving soldiers of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a new attack against what?
A4: ruins of St. Privat
Q5: Which army was forced to retreat to Metz and surrender two months later?
A5: French Army of the Rhine
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

With the discovery of fire, the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area were campfires or torches. As early as 400,000 BCE, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking Man. Prehistoric people used primitive oil lamps to illuminate surroundings. These lamps were made from naturally occurring materials such as rocks, shells, horns and stones, were filled with grease, and had a fiber wick. Lamps typically used animal or vegetable fats as fuel. Hundreds of these lamps (hollow worked stones) have been found in the Lascaux caves in modern-day France, dating to about 15,000 years ago. Oily animals (birds and fish) were also used as lamps after being threaded with a wick. Fireflies have been used as lighting sources. Candles and glass and pottery lamps were also invented. Chandeliers were an early form of "light fixture".

Q1: Peking man kindled fire as early as?
A1: 400,000 BCE
Q2: Which type of oily animals where also used as lamps after being threaded with wick?
A2: birds and fish
Q3: What is considered the earliest form of artificial lighting?
A3: campfires or torches
Q4: The hollow worked stones lamps found in Lascaux caves date back how far?
A4: 15,000 years
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

With the division of the Roman Empire, the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past. In the Middle East, Greek philosophy was able to find some support under the newly created Arab Empire. With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Muslim scholarship, known as the Islamic Golden Age, lasted until the 13th century. This scholarship was aided by several factors. The use of a single language, Arabic, allowed communication without need of a translator. Access to Greek texts from the Byzantine Empire, along with Indian sources of learning, provided Muslim scholars a knowledge base to build upon.

Q1: What was a consequence of the Roman Empire being divided?
A1: the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past
Q2: Where was support found for Greek philosophy?
A2: Arab Empire
Q3: What time period was marked by the spreading of Islam?
A3: the 7th and 8th centuries
Q4: How long did the Islamic Golden Age last?
A4: until the 13th century
Q5: What language did Muslim philosophers speak?
A5: Arabic
Title: Portugal
Topic: Geography and places

With the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world that helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses, Portugal started to develop several science parks across the country. These include the Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal), Sines Tecnopolo (in Sines), Tecmaia (in Maia) and Parkurbis (in Covilhã). Companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support.

Q1: What was responsible for creating thousands of scientific, technological, and knowledge-based businesses?
A1: the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world
Q2: What are some examples of the science parks being built in Portugal?
A2: Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal)
Q3: For what reason to companies locate in the Portuguese science parks?
A3: take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support
Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States
Topic: History

With the emergence of ISIL and its capture of large areas of Iraq and Syria, a number of crises resulted that sparked international attention. ISIL had perpetrated sectarian killings and war crimes in both Iraq and Syria. Gains made in the Iraq war were rolled back as Iraqi army units abandoned their posts. Cities were taken over by the terrorist group which enforced its brand of Sharia law. The kidnapping and decapitation of numerous Western journalists and aid-workers also garnered interest and outrage among Western powers. The US intervened with airstrikes in Iraq over ISIL held territories and assets in August, and in September a coalition of US and Middle Eastern powers initiated a bombing campaign in Syria aimed at degrading and destroying ISIL and Al-Nusra-held territory.

Q1: What organization captured significant segments of Iraq and Syria?
A1: ISIL
Q2: What legal ethos does ISIL operate under?
A2: Sharia law
Q3: What actions did ISIL take against Western journalists and aid workers?
A3: kidnapping and decapitation
Q4: How did the US intervene against ISIL?
A4: airstrikes in Iraq over ISIL held territories
Q5: What was the goal of US and coalition airstrikes in Syria?
A5: degrading and destroying ISIL and Al-Nusra-held territory
Title: Architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gentleman architect" who usually dealt with wealthy clients and concentrated predominantly on visual qualities derived usually from historical prototypes, typified by the many country houses of Great Britain that were created in the Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial styles. Formal architectural training in the 19th century, for example at École des Beaux-Arts in France, gave much emphasis to the production of beautiful drawings and little to context and feasibility. Effective architects generally received their training in the offices of other architects, graduating to the role from draughtsmen or clerks.

Q1: What two fields began to grow apart?
A1: architecture and engineering
Q2: What did architects often neglect in their pursuit of aesthetics?
A2: technical aspects of building design
Q3: What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy?
A3: "gentleman architect"
Q4: What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect?
A4: context and feasibility
Q5: Where did most architects learn their trade?
A5: in the offices of other architects
Title: Korean_War
Topic: Warfare

With the end of the war with Japan, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists. While the Communists were struggling for supremacy in Manchuria, they were supported by the North Korean government with matériel and manpower. According to Chinese sources, the North Koreans donated 2,000 railway cars worth of matériel while thousands of Koreans served in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) during the war. North Korea also provided the Chinese Communists in Manchuria with a safe refuge for non-combatants and communications with the rest of China.

Q1: Who supported the Chinese Communists during the civil war in Manchuria?
A1: North Korean government
Q2: What two groups were fighting in the Chinese Civil War?
A2: Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists
Q3: What did the Chinese Communists want?
A3: supremacy in Manchuria
Q4: What army did North Koreans serve in during the civil war?
A4: Chinese People's Liberation Army
Q5: How much material did the North Koreans give to the Chinese communists?
A5: 2,000 railway cars worth
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship. He writes that the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchanges of tribute between "the patron and the priest" and were not merely instances of a political subordinate paying tribute to a superior. He also notes that the items of tribute were Buddhist artifacts which symbolized "the religious nature of the relationship." Josef Kolmaš writes that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet, content with their tribute relations that were "almost entirely of a religious character." Patricia Ann Berger writes that the Yongle Emperor's courting and granting of titles to lamas was his attempt to "resurrect the relationship between China and Tibet established earlier by the Yuan dynastic founder Khubilai Khan and his guru Phagpa." She also writes that the later Qing emperors and their Mongol associates viewed the Yongle Emperor's relationship with Tibet as "part of a chain of reincarnation that saw this Han Chinese emperor as yet another emanation of Manjusri."

Q1: According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship?
A1: Chinese Communist historians
Q2: What were the items of tribute?
A2: Buddhist artifacts
Q3: Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet?
A3: Josef Kolmaš
Title: American_Idol
Topic: Music

With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten.

Q1: In which season were contestants first allowed to use musical instruments?
A1: seven
Q2: Who was in charge of the American Idol band in season eleven?
A2: Ray Chew
Q3: In what season did American Idol start airing on Thursday nights?
A3: ten
Q4: Who was the leader of the American Idol band in season five?
A4: Rickey Minor
Q5: Who led the American Idol band between seasons four and nine?
A5: Rickey Minor
Q6: Who led the American Idol band after Rickey Minor's departure?
A6: Ray Chew
Q7: What season were contestants allowed use a musical instrument when they sing?
A7: seven
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, invaded Anatolia from the east. In the Battle of Ankara in 1402, Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner, throwing the empire into disorder. The ensuing civil war lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power, bringing an end to the Interregnum, also known as the Fetret Devri.

Q1: What was an objective of Turkey after its expansion into the Balkans?
A1: conquest of Constantinople
Q2: What empire were the controlled lands surrounding Constantinople formerly controlled by?
A2: Byzantine
Q3: What leader invaded Anatolia from the east?
A3: Timur
Q4: Timur was the founder of what?
A4: Timurid Empire
Q5: What battle between Timur and the Ottoman empire took place in 1402?
A5: Battle of Ankara