LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel's diverse culture stems from the diversity of its population: Jews from diaspora communities around the world have brought their cultural and religious traditions back with them, creating a melting pot of Jewish customs and beliefs. Israel is the only country in the world where life revolves around the Hebrew calendar. Work and school holidays are determined by the Jewish holidays, and the official day of rest is Saturday, the Jewish Sabbath. Israel's substantial Arab minority has also left its imprint on Israeli culture in such spheres as architecture, music, and cuisine.

Q1: Where does Israel's diverse culture stem from?
A1: diversity of its population
Q2: Life revolves around what in Israel?
A2: Hebrew calendar
Q3: Work and school holidays are determined by what?
A3: Jewish holidays
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israel's legal system combines three legal traditions: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law. It is based on the principle of stare decisis (precedent) and is an adversarial system, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court. Court cases are decided by professional judges rather than juries. Marriage and divorce are under the jurisdiction of the religious courts: Jewish, Muslim, Druze, and Christian. A committee of Knesset members, Supreme Court justices, and Israeli Bar members carries out the election of judges. Administration of Israel's courts (both the "General" courts and the Labor Courts) is carried by the Administration of Courts, situated in Jerusalem. Both General and Labor courts are paperless courts: the storage of court files, as well as court decisions, are conducted electronically. Israel's Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty seeks to defend human rights and liberties in Israel.

Q1: What legal traditions does Israel combine?
A1: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law
Q2: What principle is it based on?
A2: stare decisis
Q3: What is Israel's Basic Law?
A3: Human Dignity
Title: Anti-aircraft_warfare
Topic: Warfare

Israel, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate the effectiveness of an opposing air-defence system. It is an arms race; as better jamming, countermeasures and anti-radiation weapons are developed, so are better SAM systems with ECCM capabilities and the ability to shoot down anti-radiation missiles and other munitions aimed at them or the targets they are defending.

Q1: In agreement with NATO members, the US Air Force and which country has created tactics for air defence suppression?
A1: Israel
Q2: The goal of what is to suppress opposing air defence systems?
A2: Dedicated weapons
Q3: As better weapons are created, what systems continue to improve as well to counter them?
A3: SAM systems with ECCM capabilities
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic, and Ashkenazi styles of cooking, along with Moroccan Jewish, Iraqi Jewish, Ethiopian Jewish, Indian Jewish, Iranian Jewish and Yemeni Jewish influences. It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in the Arab, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, such as falafel, hummus, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar, which have become common ingredients in Israeli cuisine. Schnitzel, pizza, hamburgers, French fries, rice and salad are also very common in Israel.[citation needed]

Q1: What styles of cooking has Israeli cuisine adopted?
A1: Mizrahi, Sephardic, and Ashkenazi
Q2: What common ingredients are in Israeli cuisine?
A2: falafel, hummus, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar
Q3: Schnitzel, pizza, hamburgers, French fries, rice and salad are also very common where?
A3: Israel
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israeli cuisine includes local dishes as well as dishes brought to the country by Jewish immigrants from the diaspora. Since the establishment of the State in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli fusion cuisine has developed. Roughly half of the Israeli-Jewish population attests to keeping kosher at home. Kosher restaurants, though rare in the 1960s, make up around 25% of the total as of 2015[update], perhaps reflecting the largely secular values of those who dine out. Hotel restaurants are much more likely to serve kosher food. The non-kosher retail market was traditionally sparse, but grew rapidly and considerably following the influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe and Russia during the 1990s. Together with non-kosher fish, rabbits and ostriches, pork—often called "white meat" in Israel—is produced and consumed, though it is forbidden by both Judaism and Islam.

Q1: When was Israeli fusion cuisine first developed?
A1: 1948
Q2: Kosher restaurants make up what percent of total restaurants?
A2: 25%
Q3: What is pork often called in Israel?
A3: white meat
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israeli foreign aid ranks very low among OECD nations, spending less than 0.1% of its GNI on foreign aid, as opposed to the recommended 0.7%. Individual international charitable donations are also very low, with only 0.1% of charitable donations being sent to foreign causes. However, Israel has a history of providing emergency aid and humanitarian response teams to disasters across the world. Israel's humanitarian efforts officially began in 1958, with the establishment of MASHAV, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Agency for International Development Cooperation.

Q1: How much does Israel spend on foreign aid?
A1: less than 0.1%
Q2: When was MASHAV established?
A2: 1958
Q3: Israel has a history of providing what?
A3: emergency aid
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israeli literature is primarily poetry and prose written in Hebrew, as part of the renaissance of Hebrew as a spoken language since the mid-19th century, although a small body of literature is published in other languages, such as English. By law, two copies of all printed matter published in Israel must be deposited in the National Library of Israel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 2001, the law was amended to include audio and video recordings, and other non-print media. In 2013, 91 percent of the 7,863 books transferred to the library were in Hebrew. The Hebrew Book Week is held each June and features book fairs, public readings, and appearances by Israeli authors around the country. During the week, Israel's top literary award, the Sapir Prize, is presented.[citation needed]

Q1: Israeli literature is primarily written in what?
A1: Hebrew
Q2: When is the Hebrew Book Week held?
A2: June
Q3: What is Israel's top literary reward?
A3: the Sapir Prize
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israeli music contains musical influences from all over the world; Sephardic music, Hasidic melodies, Belly dancing music, Greek music, jazz, and pop rock are all part of the music scene. Among Israel's world-renowned orchestras is the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, which has been in operation for over seventy years and today performs more than two hundred concerts each year. Israel has also produced many musicians of note, some achieving international stardom. Itzhak Perlman, Pinchas Zukerman and Ofra Haza are among the internationally acclaimed musicians born in Israel.[citation needed] Israel has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest nearly every year since 1973, winning the competition three times and hosting it twice. Eilat has hosted its own international music festival, the Red Sea Jazz Festival, every summer since 1987.

Q1: What Israeli orchestra has been in operation for more than seventy years?
A1: Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
Q2: What three internationally acclaimed musicians were born in Israel?
A2: Itzhak Perlman, Pinchas Zukerman and Ofra Haza
Q3: Who hosts its own international music festival every summer?
A3: Eilat
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Israeli universities are among 100 top world universities in mathematics (Hebrew University, TAU and Technion), physics (TAU, Hebrew University and Weizmann Institute of Science), chemistry (Technion and Weizmann Institute of Science), computer science (Weizmann Institute of Science, Technion, Hebrew University, TAU and BIU) and economics (Hebrew University and TAU). Israel has produced six Nobel Prize-winning scientists since 2002 and has been frequently ranked as one of the countries with the highest ratios of scientific papers per capita in the world. Israel has led the world in stem-cell research papers per capita since 2000.

Q1: Israeli universities rank where in mathematics?
A1: 100
Q2: How many Nobel Prize-winning scientists has Israel produced?
A2: six
Q3: Israel leads the world in what research papers per capita?
A3: stem-cell research
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Israelites enjoyed political independence twice in ancient history, first during the periods of the Biblical judges followed by the United Monarchy.[disputed – discuss] After the fall of the United Monarchy the land was divided into Israel and Judah. The term Jew originated from the Roman "Judean" and denoted someone from the southern kingdom of Judah. The shift of ethnonym from "Israelites" to "Jews" (inhabitant of Judah), although not contained in the Torah, is made explicit in the Book of Esther (4th century BCE), a book in the Ketuvim, the third section of the Jewish Tanakh. In 587 BC Nebuchadnezzar II, King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, destroyed the First Temple, and deported the most prominent citizens of Judah. In 586 BC, Judah itself ceased to be an independent kingdom, and its remaining Jews were left stateless. The Babylonian exile ended in 539 BCE when the Achaemenid Empire conquered Babylon and Cyrus the Great allowed the exiled Jews to return to Yehud and rebuild their Temple. The Second Temple was completed in 515 BCE. Yehud province was a peaceful part of the Achaemenid Empire until the fall of the Empire in c. 333 BCE to Alexander the Great. Jews were also politically independent during the Hasmonean dynasty spanning from 140 to 37 BCE and to some degree under the Herodian dynasty from 37 BCE to 6 CE. Since the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, most Jews have lived in diaspora. As an ethnic minority in every country in which they live (except Israel), they have frequently experienced persecution throughout history, resulting in a population that has fluctuated both in numbers and distribution over the centuries.[citation needed]

Q1: How many times did Israelites have political independence in ancient history? 
A1: twice
Q2: From where did the term Jews originate?
A2: Roman "Judean
Q3: When was land divided into Israel and Judah?
A3: After the fall of the United Monarchy
Q4: Inhabitants of Judah are known as what?
A4: Jews
Q5: When did the Babylonian exile end?
A5: 539 BCE
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

It also includes the alternative 1440×1152 HDMAC scan format. (According to some reports, a mooted 750-line (720p) format (720 progressively scanned lines) was viewed by some at the ITU as an enhanced television format rather than a true HDTV format, and so was not included, although 1920×1080i and 1280×720p systems for a range of frame and field rates were defined by several US SMPTE standards.)

Q1: What scan format is also included in MBAFF?
A1: 1440×1152 HDMAC
Q2: What was viewed by some as enhanced television format and not true HDTV format?
A2: a mooted 750-line
Q3: A mooted 750-line was seen by some at the ITU as what?
A3: an enhanced television format
Q4: What were 1920x1080i and 1280x720p defined by?
A4: US SMPTE standards
Title: Exhibition_game
Topic: Sports and recreation

It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's Subway Series which used to be played solely as exhibitions for bragging rights are now blended into interleague play. The annual MLB All-Star Game, played in July between players from AL teams and players from NL teams, was long considered an exhibition match, but as of 2003 this status was questioned because the league whose team wins the All-Star game has been awarded home field advantage for the upcoming World Series.

Q1: What concerns have reduced Minor League exhibition games?
A1: worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues
Q2: What inter-city exhibition game did Chicago have?
A2: Crosstown Classic
Q3: What inter-city exhibition game did New York have?
A3: Subway Series
Q4: In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held?
A4: July
Q5: What did the MLB All-Star winning team gain in the World Series?
A5: home field advantage
Title: Endangered_Species_Act
Topic: Natural sciences

It authorized the Secretary of the Interior to list endangered domestic fish and wildlife and allowed the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to spend up to $15 million per year to buy habitats for listed species. It also directed federal land agencies to preserve habitat on their lands. The Act also consolidated and even expanded authority for the Secretary of the Interior to manage and administer the National Wildlife Refuge System. Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species. The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts.

Q1: What did the Endangered Species Act authorize the Secretary of the Interior to do?
A1: list endangered domestic fish and wildlife
Q2: The Endangered Species Act permitted how much annual expenditure by the US Fish and Wildlife Service for habitat purchase?
A2: $15 million per year
Q3: The Endangered Species Act gave the Secretary of the Interior administrative power of what organization?
A3: the National Wildlife Refuge System
Q4: How did the Endangered Species Act impact wildlife commerce?
A4: The act did not address the commerce in endangered species and parts
Q5: How did the Endangered Species Act impact other agencies not specifically mentioned in the Act?
A5: Other public agencies were encouraged, but not required, to protect species
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

It combined the high speed of electronics with the ability to be programmed for many complex problems. It could add or subtract 5000 times a second, a thousand times faster than any other machine. It also had modules to multiply, divide, and square root. High speed memory was limited to 20 words (about 80 bytes). Built under the direction of John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania, ENIAC's development and construction lasted from 1943 to full operation at the end of 1945. The machine was huge, weighing 30 tons, using 200 kilowatts of electric power and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes, 1,500 relays, and hundreds of thousands of resistors, capacitors, and inductors.

Q1: How many times could it add or subtract a second?
A1: 5000
Q2: What was the limit of its high speed memory?
A2: ENIAC
Q3: ENIAC was constructed by whom?
A3: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Q4: Where did John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert build the ENIAC?
A4: University of Pennsylvania
Q5: When was ENIAC fully operational?
A5: 1945
Title: Eton_College
Topic: History

It criticised Forsyth's decision to record a conversation with Harry as an abuse of teacher–student confidentiality and said "It is clear whichever version of the evidence is accepted that Mr Burke did ask the claimant to assist Prince Harry with text for his expressive art project ... It is not part of this tribunal's function to determine whether or not it was legitimate." In response to the tribunal's ruling concerning the allegations about Prince Harry, the School issued a statement, saying Forsyth's claims "were dismissed for what they always have been - unfounded and irrelevant." A spokesperson from Clarence House said, "We are delighted that Harry has been totally cleared of cheating."

Q1: The School dismissed claims that Prince Harry was cheating by saying the claims were what?
A1: unfounded and irrelevant
Q2: What was potentially considered abuse of teacher-student confidentiality?
A2: Forsyth's decision to record a conversation with Harry
Q3: The tribunal denied responsibility for what concerning Harry's recording in the Forsyth case?
A3: determine whether or not it was legitimate
Title: Bermuda
Topic: History

It established a colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Two years later, a flotilla of seven ships left England under the Company's Admiral, Sir George Somers, and the new Governor of Jamestown, Sir Thomas Gates, with several hundred settlers, food and supplies to relieve the colony of Jamestown. Somers had previous experience sailing with both Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh. The flotilla was broken up by a storm. As the flagship, the Sea Venture, was taking on water, Somers drove it onto Bermuda's reef and gained the shores safely with smaller boats – all 150 passengers and a dog survived. (William Shakespeare's play The Tempest, in which the character Ariel refers to the "still-vex'd Bermoothes" (I.ii.229), is thought to have been inspired by William Strachey's account of this shipwreck.) They stayed 10 months, starting a new settlement and building two small ships to sail to Jamestown. The island was claimed for the English Crown, and the charter of the Virginia Company was later extended to include it.

Q1: Sir George Somers embarked on a mission to do what?
A1: relieve the colony of Jamestown
Q2: The devastating wreck of the flotilla is said to have inspired what playwrite?
A2: William Shakespeare
Q3: How long did Sommer's settlers stay in Bermuda?
A3: 10 months
Q4: Who did Sommer's claim the island for?
A4: the English Crown
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones.

Q1: What period saw a large upswing in Evangelicalism?
A1: the 18th and 19th centuries
Q2: Methodism is part of what movement?
A2: Evangelicalism
Q3: Where did the Great Awakenings increase interest in Evangelicalism?
A3: Britain and North America
Q4: What man is associated with the beginnings of Evangelicalism?
A4: Nicolaus Zinzendorf
Title: Genome
Topic: Natural sciences

It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. Some E. coli as prokaryotes only have non-repetitive DNA, lower eukaryotes such as C. elegans and fruit fly, still possess more non-repetitive DNA than repetitive DNA. Higher eukaryotes tend to have more repetitive DNA than non-repetitive ones. In some plants and amphibians, the proportion of non-repetitive DNA is no more than 20%, becoming a minority component.

Q1: What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?
A1: E. coli
Q2: What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA?
A2: C. elegans and fruit fly
Q3: What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes?
A3: 20%
Title: Education
Topic: Philosophy and religion

It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries. However, technology transfer requires knowledgeable managers and engineers who are able to operate new machines or production practices borrowed from the leader in order to close the gap through imitation. Therefore, a country's ability to learn from the leader is a function of its stock of "human capital". Recent study of the determinants of aggregate economic growth have stressed the importance of fundamental economic institutions and the role of cognitive skills.

Q1: What is the theory behind Empirical analyses?
A1: poor countries should grow faster than rich countries
Q2: What has been argued about high rates in education?
A2: essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth
Q3: What is greatly needed with technology transfer when it relates to education?
A3: requires knowledgeable managers and engineers
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

It has been mentioned that most nonprofits will never be able to match the pay of the private sector and therefore should focus their attention on benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments. Pleasurable work conditions are ranked as being more preferable than a high salary and implacable work. NPOs are encouraged to pay as much as they are able, and offer a low stress work environment that the employee can associate him or herself positively with. Other incentives that should be implemented are generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours.

Q1: Can Npos match the wages of public and private sector employers?
A1: will never be able to match the pay
Q2: What should NPOs focus on offering employees instead of high wages?
A2: benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments
Q3: What is better than having high pay at an NPO?
A3: Pleasurable work conditions
Q4: How much should an NPO pay employees?
A4: as much as they are able
Q5: What are other incentives that NPO emplotees can be offered instead of higher wages?
A5: generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

It has been observed that well-fed predator animals in a lax captivity (for instance, pet or farm animals) will usually differentiate between putative prey animals who are familiar co-inhabitants in the same human area from wild ones outside the area. This interaction can range from peaceful coexistence to close companionship; motivation to ignore the predatory instinct may result from mutual advantage or fear of reprisal from human masters who have made clear that harming co-inhabitants will not be tolerated. Pet cats and pet mice, for example, may live together in the same human residence without incident as companions. Pet cats and pet dogs under human mastership often depend on each other for warmth, companionship, and even protection, particularly in rural areas.

Q1: Well-fed animals in captivity can become friends with prey animals due to what motivation?
A1: mutual advantage or fear of reprisal from human masters
Q2: Why would cats and dogs potentially become companions in captivity?
A2: warmth, companionship, and even protection
Q3: Captive animals can distinguish co-inhabitats from what other group?
A3: wild ones outside the area
Title: Southeast_Asia
Topic: Geography and places

It has been pointed out that Khmer and Indonesian classical arts were concerned with depicting the life of the gods, but to the Southeast Asian mind the life of the gods was the life of the peoples themselves—joyous, earthy, yet divine. The Tai, coming late into Southeast Asia, brought with them some Chinese artistic traditions, but they soon shed them in favour of the Khmer and Mon traditions, and the only indications of their earlier contact with Chinese arts were in the style of their temples, especially the tapering roof, and in their lacquerware.

Q1: What did the Khmer & Indonesian classical arts depict of?
A1: the life of the gods
Q2: Which group brought with them the Chinese artistic traditions to the Southeast Asian country?
A2: Tai
Q3: According to the Southeast Asian people, the life of the Gods were comparable to what?
A3: life of the peoples themselves
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana.

Q1: What is a re-introduction scheme?
A1: to teach a migration route to a flock of birds
Q2: What did they use to teach birds a migration route?
A2: microlight aircraft
Q3: Which birds did they reintroduce to the US?
A3: whooping cranes
Q4: Which birds did they use as a trial run?
A4: Canada geese
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

It has been proved that each class is strictly included into the next. For instance, testing when we assume that the behavior of the implementation under test can be denoted by a deterministic finite-state machine for some known finite sets of inputs and outputs and with some known number of states belongs to Class I (and all subsequent classes). However, if the number of states is not known, then it only belongs to all classes from Class II on. If the implementation under test must be a deterministic finite-state machine failing the specification for a single trace (and its continuations), and its number of states is unknown, then it only belongs to classes from Class III on. Testing temporal machines where transitions are triggered if inputs are produced within some real-bounded interval only belongs to classes from Class IV on, whereas testing many non-deterministic systems only belongs to Class V (but not all, and some even belong to Class I). The inclusion into Class I does not require the simplicity of the assumed computation model, as some testing cases involving implementations written in any programming language, and testing implementations defined as machines depending on continuous magnitudes, have been proved to be in Class I. Other elaborated cases, such as the testing framework by Matthew Hennessy under must semantics, and temporal machines with rational timeouts, belong to Class II.

Q1: If the number of states is unknown, what group does this fall into?
A1: Class II
Q2: There are three classes, what has been concluded and proven for all classes?
A2: each class is strictly included into the next
Q3: If the number of states are unknown and the finite state of the machine is failing for a single trace, which group does this fall into?
A3: Class III
Title: Southampton
Topic: Geography and places

It has been revealed that Southampton has the worst behaved secondary schools within the UK. With suspension rates three times the national average, the suspension rate is approximately 1 in every 14 children, the highest in the country for physical or verbal assaults against staff.

Q1: Which level of schools in Southampton are the worst behaved in the UK?
A1: secondary
Q2: How many times the national average are the suspension rates at Southampton's secondary schools?
A2: three
Q3: Out of about every 14 students, how many will be suspended from school?
A3: 1
Q4: In addition to physical attacks, what other kind of assault do Southampton's students commit against staff more than anywhere else in the country?
A4: verbal
Title: General_Electric
Topic: Engineering and technology

It has been said that GE got into computer manufacturing because in the 1950s they were the largest user of computers outside the United States federal government, aside from being the first business in the world to own a computer. Its major appliance manufacturing plant "Appliance Park" was the first non-governmental site to host one. However, in 1970, GE sold its computer division to Honeywell, exiting the computer manufacturing industry, though it retained its timesharing operations for some years afterwards. GE was a major provider of computer timesharing services, through General Electric Information Services (GEIS, now GXS), offering online computing services that included GEnie.

Q1: During which decade did GE start manufacuring computers?
A1: 1950s
Q2: What was the name of GE's major appliance manufacturing plant?
A2: Appliance Park
Q3: In what year did GE sell its computer division to Honeywell?
A3: 1970
Q4: What division of GE provides computer timesharing services?
A4: GXS
Q5: What was the name of first business in the world to own a computer?
A5: GE
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

Q1: In addition to being used to build things, what has wood been used for over thousands of years?
A1: fuel
Q2: What kind of strong fibers are part of the composite of wood?
A2: cellulose
Q3: What's the matrix in wood made up of?
A3: lignin
Q4: What one word describes the function wood provides to a tree or plant?
A4: support
Q5: What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water?
A5: nutrients
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

It has pleased western historians to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire as though a stable and uncontested polity of that name once existed. The borders did expand and contract but they were always dynamic and always in "question" right from the beginning. The Ottoman Empire was created from the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire on the occasion of the latter's violent demise. The last Roman emperor died fighting hand-to-hand in the streets of his capital, Constantinople, overwhelmed by the Ottoman military, in May, 1453. The victors inherited his remaining territory in the Balkans.

Q1: What has pleased western historians?
A1: to write of a decline of the Ottoman Empire
Q2: What was always in question from the beginning of the Ottoman Empire? 
A2: The borders
Q3: What was the Ottoman Empire created from?
A3: the lands of the former eastern Roman Empire
Q4: How did the last Roman emperor die?
A4: fighting hand-to-hand in the streets
Q5: Where was the Roman emperor's capital?
A5: Constantinople
Title: Bern
Topic: Geography and places

It includes the entire Old Town, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and many sites within and around it. Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the Zytglogge and Käfigturm towers, which mark two successive expansions of the Old Town, and the Holy Ghost Church, which is one of the largest Swiss Reformed churches in Switzerland. Within the Old Town, there are eleven 16th century fountains, most attributed to Hans Gieng, that are on the list.

Q1: What does the UNESCO consider the entre Old Town?
A1: a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Q2: When was the biggest cathedral in Switzerland built?
A2: 1421
Q3: What is the largest Swiss Reformed church in Switzerland?
A3: Holy Ghost Church
Q4: Who is attributed to the 11 fountains in Old Town?
A4: Hans Gieng
Title: Canon_law
Topic: Philosophy and religion

It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law.

Q1: What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ?
A1: lawyers, judges
Q2: What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law?
A2: civilly-binding force
Q3: What does J.C.B. stand for?
A3: Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus
Q4: What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.?
A4: Bachelor of Canon Law
Q5: What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law?
A5: Juris Canonici Licentiatus
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

It is a fundamental property of antennas that the electrical characteristics of an antenna described in the next section, such as gain, radiation pattern, impedance, bandwidth, resonant frequency and polarization, are the same whether the antenna is transmitting or receiving. For example, the "receiving pattern" (sensitivity as a function of direction) of an antenna when used for reception is identical to the radiation pattern of the antenna when it is driven and functions as a radiator. This is a consequence of the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics. Therefore, in discussions of antenna properties no distinction is usually made between receiving and transmitting terminology, and the antenna can be viewed as either transmitting or receiving, whichever is more convenient.

Q1: Are essential properties of an antenna changed based on what fungtion they are performing
A1: the same
Q2: What proposition explains the equivalency of the recieving pattern of an antenna?
A2: reciprocity theorem of electromagnetics
Q3: Can the antenna serve more than one fungtion at a time?
A3: either transmitting or receiving
Q4: What is one electrical trait of an antenna?
A4: radiation pattern
Title: Immaculate_Conception
Topic: Philosophy and religion

It is admitted that the doctrine as defined by Pius IX was not explicitly mooted before the 12th century. It is also agreed that "no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture". But it is claimed that the doctrine is implicitly contained in the teaching of the Fathers. Their expressions on the subject of the sinlessness of Mary are, it is pointed out, so ample and so absolute that they must be taken to include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her; she is compared to Eve before the fall, as ancestress of a redeemed people; she is "the earth before it was accursed". The well-known words of St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin." It is true that he is here speaking directly of actual or personal sin. But his argument is that all men are sinners; that they are so through original depravity; that this original depravity may be overcome by the grace of God, and he adds that he does not know but that Mary may have had sufficient grace to overcome sin "of every sort" (omni ex parte).

Q1: What proof do some believe is offered as to proof of Mary being the ultimate concept of pure?
A1: include original sin as well as actual. Thus in the first five centuries such epithets as "
Q2: What phrases were used to describe Mary ?
A2: in every respect holy", "in all things unstained", "super-innocent", and "singularly holy" are applied to her
Q3: Who is often held as the model for all things holy and pure that is not Mary ?
A3: Eve before the fall
Q4: Who refused to hear any contradictory views about Mary and her perceived inception ?
A4: St. Augustine (d. 430) may be cited: "As regards the mother of God," he says, "I will not allow any question whatever of sin.
Q5: What did this person also state about all of mankind in regards to wayward transgressions  ?
A5: his argument is that all men are sinners;
Title: 2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Topic: Natural sciences

It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: 汶川大地震; pinyin: Wènchuān dà dìzhèn; literally: "Great Wenchuan earthquake"), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 19 km (12 mi). The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai—1,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor. Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.

Q1: Which far away cities in other countries could feel the earthquake?
A1: Beijing and Shanghai
Q2: What was the focal depth of the earthquake?
A2: 19 km
Q3: How long after the earthquake were aftershocks felt?
A3: months after
Q4: What is another name for the earthquake in Sichuan?
A4: the Wenchuan earthquake
Q5: Where was the epicenter of the earthquake?
A5: Wenchuan County, Sichuan
Q6: How far was it from Chengdu?
A6: 80 kilometres
Q7: What was the focal depth of the quake?
A7: 19 km
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

It is also possible to use multiple active elements and combine them together with transmission lines to produce a similar system where the phases add up to reinforce the output. The antenna array and very similar reflective array antenna consist of multiple elements, often half-wave dipoles, spaced out on a plane and wired together with transmission lines with specific phase lengths to produce a single in-phase signal at the output. The log-periodic antenna is a more complex design that uses multiple in-line elements similar in appearance to the Yagi-Uda but using transmission lines between the elements to produce the output.

Q1: What can be paired with transmission lines to create phases that would support output?
A1: active elements
Q2: What is the most common element used to create a single in phase signal?
A2: half-wave dipoles
Q3: What must be precise in order to create this signal at output?
A3: phase lengths
Q4: What is a more complicated occurrence of the single in-phase producing antenna?
A4: log-periodic
Title: Apollo
Topic: Philosophy and religion

It is also stated that Hera kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor. The other gods tricked Hera into letting her go by offering her a necklace, nine yards (8 m) long, of amber. Mythographers agree that Artemis was born first and then assisted with the birth of Apollo, or that Artemis was born one day before Apollo, on the island of Ortygia and that she helped Leto cross the sea to Delos the next day to give birth to Apollo. Apollo was born on the seventh day (ἑβδομαγενής, hebdomagenes) of the month Thargelion —according to Delian tradition—or of the month Bysios—according to Delphian tradition. The seventh and twentieth, the days of the new and full moon, were ever afterwards held sacred to him.

Q1: Who kidnapped Eileithyia?
A1: Hera
Q2: Who was the goddess of childbirth?
A2: Eileithyia
Q3: How long was the necklace offered to Hera?
A3: nine yards
Q4: What was the necklace made of?
A4: amber
Q5: What was the day of the new moon?
A5: The seventh
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

Q1: What are the technologies used to capture solar energy characterized as?
A1: passive solar or active solar
Q2: What are some active solar techniques used to harness solar energy?
A2: photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating
Q3: What is an example of a passive solar technique?
A3: orienting a building to the Sun
Title: Nanjing
Topic: Geography and places

It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing.

Q1: When was Nanjing considered to be the biggest city in the world?
A1: from 1358 to 1425
Q2: What was the number of people in Nanjing in 1400?
A2: 487,000
Q3: When did Nanjing cease to be the capital?
A3: 1421
Q4: Where was the capital moved to?
A4: Beijing
Q5: Who was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty?
A5: the Yongle Emperor
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

It is best for the receiving antenna to match the polarization of the transmitted wave for optimum reception. Intermediate matchings will lose some signal strength, but not as much as a complete mismatch. A circularly polarized antenna can be used to equally well match vertical or horizontal linear polarizations. Transmission from a circularly polarized antenna received by a linearly polarized antenna (or vice versa) entails a 3 dB reduction in signal-to-noise ratio as the received power has thereby been cut in half.

Q1: What is the best for an recieving antenna for optimum reception?
A1: match the polarization
Q2: What loses signal strength?
A2: Intermediate matchings
Q3: What is used to match vertical and horizontal linear polarizations?
A3: circularly polarized
Q4: A transmission can cause reduction in what?
A4: signal-to-noise ratio
Title: Montevideo
Topic: Geography and places

It is classified as a Beta World City, ranking seventh in Latin America and 73rd in the world. Described as a "vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life", and "a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture", Montevideo ranks 8th in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. By 2014, is also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly major city in the world, first in Latin America. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial and cultural hub of a larger metropolitan area, with a population of around 2 million.

Q1: What is Montevideo classified as?
A1: a Beta World City
Q2: What rank did Montevideo hold in Latin America during 2013?
A2: 8th
Q3: Montevideo is the hub of commerce and higher education in what area?
A3: Uruguay
Q4: Montevideo is the chief port of what area?
A4: Uruguay
Q5: What is the population of Montevideo?
A5: around 2 million
Title: Wood
Topic: Natural sciences

It is common to classify wood as either softwood or hardwood. The wood from conifers (e.g. pine) is called softwood, and the wood from dicotyledons (usually broad-leaved trees, e.g. oak) is called hardwood. These names are a bit misleading, as hardwoods are not necessarily hard, and softwoods are not necessarily soft. The well-known balsa (a hardwood) is actually softer than any commercial softwood. Conversely, some softwoods (e.g. yew) are harder than many hardwoods.

Q1: What term do we use for the wood that comes from pine trees?
A1: softwood
Q2: What kind of wood does an oak tree have?
A2: hardwood
Q3: Is balsa a softwood or a hardwood?
A3: hardwood
Q4: What's an example of a softwood that isn't "soft," and is actually harder than a lot of hardwoods?
A4: yew
Q5: What's the scientific name for trees like the oak with broad leaves?
A5: dicotyledons
Title: Software_testing
Topic: Engineering and technology

It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had already been found by the requirements review. With the advent of modern continuous deployment practices and cloud-based services, the cost of re-deployment and maintenance may lessen over time.

Q1: What determines the cost of fixing a bug?
A1: the earlier a defect is found
Q2: Ho many more times would the cost be if the problem is found after the software's release?
A2: 10–100 times more
Q3: What could possibly lessen the cost of fixing buggy software?
A3: cloud-based services
Title: Beer
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

It is considered that overeating and lack of muscle tone is the main cause of a beer belly, rather than beer consumption. A 2004 study, however, found a link between binge drinking and a beer belly. But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the product itself. Several diet books quote beer as having an undesirably high glycemic index of 110, the same as maltose; however, the maltose in beer undergoes metabolism by yeast during fermentation so that beer consists mostly of water, hop oils and only trace amounts of sugars, including maltose.

Q1: In addition to a lack of muscle tone, what is believed to be the main cause of the beer belly?
A1: overeating
Q2: What condition was attributed to binge drinking in a 2004 study?
A2: beer belly
Q3: What is believed to be the glycemic index in beer?
A3: 110
Q4: What is the glycemic index in maltose?
A4: 110
Title: Hunter-gatherer
Topic: Natural sciences

It is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big game hunting. It might be imagined that this arrangement oppresses women, keeping them in the domestic sphere. However, according to some observers, hunter-gatherer women would not understand this interpretation. Since childcare is collective, with every baby having multiple mothers and male carers, the domestic sphere is not atomised or privatised but an empowering place to be.[citation needed] In all hunter-gatherer societies, women appreciate the meat brought back to camp by men. An illustrative account is Megan Biesele's study of the southern African Ju/'hoan, 'Women Like Meat'. Recent archaeological research suggests that the sexual division of labor was the fundamental organisational innovation that gave Homo sapiens the edge over the Neanderthals, allowing our ancestors to migrate from Africa and spread across the globe.

Q1: What value system do Western scholars tend to use in analyzing societies?
A1: Western values
Q2: Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society?
A2: women
Q3: What group members are the big game hunters?
A3: men
Q4: What does the argument over women as gathers said to produce ?
A4: arrangement oppresses women
Q5: How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society?
A5: childcare is collective
Title: Uranium
Topic: Natural sciences

It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of uranium exists in ore reserves that are economically viable at US$59 per lb of uranium, while 35 million tonnes are classed as mineral resources (reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction). Prices went from about $10/lb in May 2003 to $138/lb in July 2007. This has caused a big increase in spending on exploration, with US$200 million being spent worldwide in 2005, a 54% increase on the previous year. This trend continued through 2006, when expenditure on exploration rocketed to over $774 million, an increase of over 250% compared to 2004. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency said exploration figures for 2007 would likely match those for 2006.

Q1: How much economically viable uranium is there in ore reserves, in millions of tonnes?
A1: 5.5
Q2: How many millions of tonnes are uranium are regarded as mineral resources?
A2: 35
Q3: What was the price of uranium per pound as of May 2003?
A3: $10
Q4: In 2005, how much money was spent on uranium exploration?
A4: US$200 million
Q5: How much money was spent to explore for uranium in 2006?
A5: $774 million