LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Comprehensive_school
Topic: Social sciences and society

Comprehensive schools have been accused of grade inflation after a study revealed that Gymnasium senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves at the very bottom of their class and had an average grade of "Five", which means "Failed". Gesamtschule senior students of average mathematical ability found themselves in the upper half of their class and had an average grade of "Three Plus". When a central Abitur examination was established in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was revealed that Gesamtschule students did worse than could be predicted by their grades or class rank. Barbara Sommer (Christian Democratic Union), Education Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia, commented that: Looking at the performance gap between comprehensives and the Gymnasium [at the Abitur central examination] [...] it is difficult to understand why the Social Democratic Party of Germany wants to do away with the Gymnasium. [...] The comprehensives do not help students achieve [...] I am sick and tired of the comprehensive schools blaming their problems on the social class origins of their students. What kind of attitude is this to blame their own students? She also called the Abitur awarded by the Gymnasium the true Abitur and the Abitur awarded by the Gesamtschule "Abitur light". As a reaction, Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens) stated that comprehensives were structurally discriminated against by the government, which favoured the Gymnasiums. She also said that many of the students awarded the Abitur by the comprehensives came from "underprivileged groups" and sneering at their performance was a "piece of impudence".

Q1: What type of misconduct have comprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?
A1: grade inflation
Q2: Which German minister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?
A2: Barbara Sommer
Q3: Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?
A3: Sigrid Beer
Q4: Which party does Barbara Sommer belong to?
A4: Christian Democratic Union
Q5: Which party does Sigrid Beer belong to?
A5: Alliance '90/The Greens
Title: Comprehensive_school
Topic: Social sciences and society

Comprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state. Until then, education in Ireland was largely dominated by religious persuasion, particularly the voluntary secondary school system was a particular realisation of this. The comprehensive school system is still relatively small and to an extent has been superseded by the community school concept. The Irish word for a comprehensive school is a 'scoil chuimsitheach.'

Q1: When did Ireland first open comprehensive schools?
A1: 1966
Q2: Who was responsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland?
A2: Patrick Hillery
Q3: What was the only state-run educational system in Ireland prior to comprehensive schools?
A3: vocational school system
Q4: What type of school has surpassed comprehensive schools in Ireland?
A4: community school
Title: MP3
Topic: Engineering and technology

Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channel or 2×16 bit), or sometimes the Digital Audio Tape (DAT) SP parameters (48 kHz, 2×16 bit). Compression ratios with this latter reference are higher, which demonstrates the problem with use of the term compression ratio for lossy encoders.

Q1: What defines the compression efficiency of encoders?
A1: bit rate
Q2: Compression ratio depends on the sample rate and bit depth of which signal?
A2: input
Q3: What does CD stand for?
A3: Compact Disc
Q4: What can CD parameters be used as references for?
A4: compression ratios
Q5: Other than CD parameters, what else can be used as parameter references?
A5: Digital Audio Tape (DAT) SP
Title: Data_compression
Topic: Engineering and technology

Compression is useful because it helps reduce resource usage, such as data storage space or transmission capacity. Because compressed data must be decompressed to use, this extra processing imposes computational or other costs through decompression; this situation is far from being a free lunch. Data compression is subject to a space–time complexity trade-off. For instance, a compression scheme for video may require expensive hardware for the video to be decompressed fast enough to be viewed as it is being decompressed, and the option to decompress the video in full before watching it may be inconvenient or require additional storage. The design of data compression schemes involves trade-offs among various factors, including the degree of compression, the amount of distortion introduced (when using lossy data compression), and the computational resources required to compress and decompress the data.

Q1: What helps reduce resource usage?
A1: Compression
Q2: What must be decompressed? 
A2: compressed data
Q3: What is subject to a space-time complexity trade off? 
A3: Data compression
Q4: What type of scheme involves trade offs among other things?
A4: data compression
Title: Brain
Topic: Natural sciences

Computational neuroscience encompasses two approaches: first, the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation. On one hand, it is possible to write a computer program to simulate the operation of a group of neurons by making use of systems of equations that describe their electrochemical activity; such simulations are known as biologically realistic neural networks. On the other hand, it is possible to study algorithms for neural computation by simulating, or mathematically analyzing, the operations of simplified "units" that have some of the properties of neurons but abstract out much of their biological complexity. The computational functions of the brain are studied both by computer scientists and neuroscientists.

Q1: Computational neuroscience is concerned with what two studies?
A1: the use of computers to study the brain; second, the study of how brains perform computation.
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

Computer science, built upon a foundation of theoretical linguistics, discrete mathematics, and electrical engineering, studies the nature and limits of computation. Subfields include computability, computational complexity, database design, computer networking, artificial intelligence, and the design of computer hardware. One area in which advances in computing have contributed to more general scientific development is by facilitating large-scale archiving of scientific data. Contemporary computer science typically distinguishes itself by emphasising mathematical 'theory' in contrast to the practical emphasis of software engineering.

Q1: What science is based on linguistics, mathematics, and engineering?
A1: Computer science
Q2: How has computer science helped science as a whole?
A2: by facilitating large-scale archiving of scientific data
Q3: What is the differing characteristic of contemporary computer science?
A3: emphasising mathematical 'theory'
Title: Computer_security
Topic: Engineering and technology

Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against harm that may come via network access, data and code injection, and due to malpractice by operators, whether intentional, accidental, or due to them being tricked into deviating from secure procedures.

Q1: What must an operator deviate from to harm the computer?
A1: secure procedures
Q2: What is computer security also known as?
A2: cybersecurity or IT security
Q3: What is the protection of information systems?
A3: Computer security
Q4: What are the ways an operator can malpractice?
A4: intentional, accidental, or due to them being tricked
Q5: What is the practice that includes controlling physical access to hardware?
A5: Computer security
Title: ASCII
Topic: Engineering and technology

Computers attached to the ARPANET included machines running operating systems such as TOPS-10 and TENEX using CR-LF line endings, machines running operating systems such as Multics using LF line endings, and machines running operating systems such as OS/360 that represented lines as a character count followed by the characters of the line and that used EBCDIC rather than ASCII. The Telnet protocol defined an ASCII "Network Virtual Terminal" (NVT), so that connections between hosts with different line-ending conventions and character sets could be supported by transmitting a standard text format over the network. Telnet used ASCII along with CR-LF line endings, and software using other conventions would translate between the local conventions and the NVT. The File Transfer Protocol adopted the Telnet protocol, including use of the Network Virtual Terminal, for use when transmitting commands and transferring data in the default ASCII mode. This adds complexity to implementations of those protocols, and to other network protocols, such as those used for E-mail and the World Wide Web, on systems not using the NVT's CR-LF line-ending convention.

Q1: What do computers attached to the ARPANET use for line endings?
A1: CR-LF
Q2: What do computers using operating systems use for line endings?
A2: LF
Q3: Why did Telnet define an ASCII as a Network Virtual Terminal?
A3: so that connections between hosts with different line-ending conventions and character sets could be supported
Q4: How were the connections supported? 
A4: by transmitting a standard text format over the network
Q5: Who else adopted this practice from Telnet?
A5: The File Transfer Protocol
Title: Computer_security
Topic: Engineering and technology

Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrated that even equipment controlled by computers not connected to the Internet can be vulnerable to physical damage caused by malicious commands sent to industrial equipment (in that case uranium enrichment centrifuges) which are infected via removable media. In 2014, the Computer Emergency Readiness Team, a division of the Department of Homeland Security, investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies.

Q1: What is a potential attack vector for utilities such as the power grid?
A1: The Internet
Q2: What demonstrated equipment controlled by computers not connected to the internet can also be vulnerable?
A2: the Stuxnet worm
Q3: When did the Computer Emergency Readiness Team investigate 79 hacking incidents at energy companies?
A3: 2014
Q4: What department does the Computer Emergency Readiness Team belong to?
A4: the Department of Homeland Security
Q5: How did the Stuxnet worm infect industrial equipment?
A5: via removable media
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

Computers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems such as Sabre.

Q1: What system of the U.S. military's was the first large-scale system to coordinate information between several locations?
A1: SAGE system
Q2: When were computers first used to coordinate information between many locations?
A2: the 1950s
Title: Solar_energy
Topic: Natural sciences

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough, the concentrating linear fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower. Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage.

Q1: In all the different CSP systems, concentrated sunlight is used to heat what?
A1: a working fluid
Q2: What do Concentrating Solar Power systems use?
A2: lenses or mirrors and tracking systems
Q3: What is the heat generated from a Concentrating Solar Power system used for?
A3: a heat source for a conventional power plant
Q4: What is one of the most developed Concentrating Solar Power technologies?
A4: the Stirling dish
Q5: What do Concentrating Solar Power technologies have in common?
A5: a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight
Title: Dominican_Order
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Concerning humanity as the image of Christ, English Dominican spirituality concentrated on the moral implications of image-bearing rather than the philosophical foundations of the imago Dei. The process of Christ's life, and the process of image-bearing, amends humanity to God's image. The idea of the "image of God" demonstrates both the ability of man to move toward God (as partakers in Christ's redeeming sacrifice), and that, on some level, man is always an image of God. As their love and knowledge of God grows and is sanctified by faith and experience, the image of God within man becomes ever more bright and clear.

Q1: What is man always seen as?
A1: an image of God
Q2: What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on?
A2: moral implications of image-bearing
Q3: What amends humanity to God's life?
A3: The process of Christ's life
Q4: The idea of the image of God allows man to do what?
A4: move toward God
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

Concerning the early Polish tribes, geography contributed to long-standing traditions. The Polish tribes were internalized and organized around a unifying religious cult, governed by the wiec, an assembly of free tribesmen. Later, when safety required power to be consolidated, an elected prince was chosen to govern. The election privilege was usually limited to elites.

Q1: What contributed to the long standing traditions?
A1: geography
Q2: What was governing the polish tribes?
A2: wiec
Q3: What was the wiec?
A3: an assembly of free tribesmen
Q4: When power needed to be consolidated what was chosen to govern?
A4: an elected prince
Q5: What was the governing position limited to?
A5: elites
Title: Child_labour
Topic: Social sciences and society

Concerns have often been raised over the buying public's moral complicity in purchasing products assembled or otherwise manufactured in developing countries with child labour. However, others have raised concerns that boycotting products manufactured through child labour may force these children to turn to more dangerous or strenuous professions, such as prostitution or agriculture. For example, a UNICEF study found that after the Child Labour Deterrence Act was introduced in the US, an estimated 50,000 children were dismissed from their garment industry jobs in Bangladesh, leaving many to resort to jobs such as "stone-crushing, street hustling, and prostitution", jobs that are "more hazardous and exploitative than garment production". The study suggests that boycotts are "blunt instruments with long-term consequences, that can actually harm rather than help the children involved."

Q1: What do some feel may happen if child labour products were completely rejected by society as a whole?
A1: may force these children to turn to more dangerous or strenuous professions, such as prostitution
Q2: What happened to the 50,000 children in the UNICEF study?
A2: stone-crushing, street hustling, and prostitution"
Q3: What does the study say in regards to boycotts?
A3: that can actually harm rather than help the children involved."
Title: Communications_in_Somalia
Topic: Engineering and technology

Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and General Post Office (GPO), as well as the establishment of 16 branch offices in the capital and 17 in regional bases. As of March 2012, the Somali authorities have re-established Somalia's membership with the Universal Postal Union (UPU), and taken part once again in the Union's affairs. They have also rehabilitated the GPO in Mogadishu, and appointed an official Postal Consultant to provide professional advice on the renovations. Phase II of the rehabilitation project involves the construction of 718 postal outlets from 2014 to 2016. Phase III is slated to begin in 2017, with the objective of creating 897 postal outlets by 2022.

Q1: How many phases made up the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post?
A1: three
Q2: Over what period of time did the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post cover?
A2: ten years
Q3: How many branch offices will be constructed in the capital in phase one of the reconstruction plan?
A3: 16
Q4: How many branch offices will be creted in general bases?
A4: 17
Q5: What year did Somali authorities rejoin the Universal Postal Union?
A5: 2012
Title: Architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as well as leaning against solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.

Q1: What are three new movements that have a focus on sustainability?
A1: New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture
Q2: What kinds of buildings and building developments are the new movements not in favor of?
A2: solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.
Q3: What are three things the new movements try to achieve?
A3: smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design
Q4: What older architectural movements do the newer movements not go along with?
A4: modernist and globally uniform architecture
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.

Q1: What was the name of the Confederacys most famous army?
A1: Army of Northern Virginia
Q2: How many battles of the army of Northern Virginia did confederate troops from north Carolina fight in?
A2: virtually all
Q3: What was the name of the largest battle fought in North Carolina?
A3: Bentonville
Q4: What was the name of the confederate general that fought in Bentonville?
A4: General Joseph Johnston
Q5: What was the name of the Union General that fought in Bentonville?
A5: General William Tecumseh Sherman
Title: Tennessee
Topic: Geography and places

Confederates held East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of extremely pro-Confederate Sullivan County. The Confederates, led by General James Longstreet, did attack General Burnside's Fort Sanders at Knoxville and lost. It was a big blow to East Tennessee Confederate momentum, but Longstreet won the Battle of Bean's Station a few weeks later. The Confederates besieged Chattanooga during the Chattanooga Campaign in early fall 1863, but were driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor strategic vision of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee from Perryville, Kentucky to another Confederate defeat at Chattanooga.

Q1: Which county in East Tennessee was more supportive of the Confederacy than its neighbors?
A1: Sullivan County
Q2: Which Confederate general failed to capture the Union fort at Knoxville?
A2: James Longstreet
Q3: Which Union general broke the Confederate siege of Chattanooga in November 1863?
A3: Grant
Q4: Which Confederate general launched an attack on Chattanooga from Perryville, KY?
A4: Braxton Bragg
Q5: Which battle did Confederate General Longstreet win in East Tennessee?
A5: Battle of Bean's Station
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

Confer With the White House. If his or her party controls the White House, the minority leader confers regularly with the President and his aides about issues before Congress, the Administration's agenda, and political events generally. Strategically, the role of the minority leader will vary depending on whether the President is of the same party or the other party. In general, minority leaders will often work to advance the goals and aspirations of their party's President in Congress. When Robert Michel, R-IL, was minority leader (1981–1995), he typically functioned as the "point man" for Republican presidents. President Ronald Reagan's 1981 policy successes in the Democratic controlled House was due in no small measure to Minority Leader Michel's effectiveness in wooing so-called "Reagan Democrats" to support, for instance, the Administration's landmark budget reconciliation bill. There are occasions, of course, when minority leaders will fault the legislative initiatives of their President. On an administration proposal that could adversely affect his district, Michel stated that he might "abdicate my leadership role [on this issue] since I can't harmonize my own views with the administration's." Minority Leader Gephardt, as another example, has publicly opposed a number of President Clinton's legislative initiatives from "fast track" trade authority to various budget issues.

Q1: How often does minority leader speak with president when party controls white house?
A1: minority leader confers regularly with the President and his aides about issues before Congress
Q2: What was Robert Michel's role as minority leader?
A2: point man" for Republican presidents
Q3: Is the minority leader's strategic role always consitent?
A3: will vary depending on whether the President is of the same party or the other party
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.

Q1: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?
A1: Julius Caesar
Q2: In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans? 
A2: 12 BC
Q3: The Romans suffered a horrible defeat in there conquest of the Germans in what battle? 
A3: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Q4: Roman's adoption of what religion would greatly influence the German society? 
A4: Christianity
Q5: Through what act would Roman and German customs become intertwine? 
A5: Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried
Q6: Which Roman emperor ordered the conquest of the Germans?
A6: Augustus
Q7: What religion did Germans adopt?
A7: Christianity
Q8: What battle did Germans defeat the Romans?
A8: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest r
Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Conflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius's career. In 325, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as his bishop's assistant during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in May–August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father. Three years after that council, Athanasius succeeded his mentor as archbishop of Alexandria. In addition to the conflict with the Arians (including powerful and influential Arian churchmen led by Eusebius of Nicomedia), he struggled against the Emperors Constantine, Constantius II, Julian the Apostate and Valens. He was known as "Athanasius Contra Mundum" (Latin for Athanasius Against the World).

Q1: Athanasius began his leading role at what age?
A1: 27
Q2: In what year was the First Council of Nicaea?
A2: 325
Q3: Athanasius was also known as what?
A3: Athanasius Contra Mundum
Q4: How many years after the First Council of Nicaea did Athanasius become archbishop?
A4: Three years
Q5: Who is one emporer Athanasius struggled against?
A5: Constantine
Q6: What conflict shaped his career?
A6: Conflict with Arius and Arianism
Q7: Why was the First Council of Nicaea convened?
A7: Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father
Q8: Because of his conflicts with the emperors, how was he known?
A8: Athanasius Against the World
Q9: Whose position was it that Jesus was the Son of God?
A9: the Arian position
Title: Republic_of_the_Congo
Topic: Geography and places

Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.

Q1: Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?
A1: 4°N and 5°S
Q2: Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?
A2: 11° and 19°E
Q3: What ocean connects to the Congo?
A3: Atlantic Ocean
Q4: Which country lies southwest of the Congo?
A4: Cabinda
Q5: What is another name for Cabinda?
A5: Angola
Title: Republic_of_the_Congo
Topic: Geography and places

Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.

Q1: Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?
A1: Lissouba and Sassou
Q2: What is the name of Sassou's personal army?
A2: Cobras
Q3: What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?
A3: Angolan
Q4: In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?
A4: October
Title: Republic_of_the_Congo
Topic: Geography and places

Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties.

Q1: What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s?
A1: multi-party
Q2: Which party does Sassou belong to?
A2: Congolese Labour Party
Q3: What is the French term for Sassou's political party?
A3: Parti Congolais du Travail
Title: Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Topic: History

Congress acted defiantly toward the Supreme Court by passing the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 that made roughly fifty crimes punishable by death, including crimes that do not always involve the death of someone. Such non-death capital offenses include treason, espionage (spying for another country), and high-level drug trafficking. Since no one has yet been sentenced to death for such non-death capital offenses, the Supreme Court has not ruled on their constitutionality.

Q1: Under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988 and Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994, about how many crimes were punishable by death?
A1: fifty
Q2: What body passed the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988?
A2: Congress
Q3: What is another term for the act of spying for another country?
A3: espionage
Q4: Along with treason and espionage, what non-death offense is still a federal capital crime?
A4: high-level drug trafficking
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

Congress has the sole power to legislate for the United States. Under the nondelegation doctrine, Congress may not delegate its lawmaking responsibilities to any other agency. In this vein, the Supreme Court held in the 1998 case Clinton v. City of New York that Congress could not delegate a "line-item veto" to the President, by powers vested in the government by the Constitution.

Q1: What is the only branch of U.S. government imbued with lawmaking abilities?
A1: Congress
Q2: Which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation?
A2: Clinton v. City of New York
Q3: When was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the Supreme Court?
A3: 1998
Q4: In the US who has the sole power to pass legislation?
A4: Congress
Q5: What is the doctrine called that does not allow congress to pass on their power to pass laws to any other agency?
A5: nondelegation doctrine
Q6: What was the court case that struck down the line item veto?
A6: Clinton v. City of New York
Q7: What year was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the supreme court?
A7: 1998
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

Congress may establish "legislative courts," which do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions, whose members do not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges. Legislative courts may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. In Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement Co. (1856), the Supreme Court held that a legislative court may not decide "a suit at the common law, or in equity, or admiralty," as such a suit is inherently judicial. Legislative courts may only adjudicate "public rights" questions (cases between the government and an individual and political determinations).

Q1: What kind of courts did congress establish?
A1: legislative courts
Q2: What power are legislative courts not allowed to exercise?
A2: judicial power of the United States
Title: Law_of_the_United_States
Topic: Social sciences and society

Congress often enacts statutes that grant broad rulemaking authority to federal agencies. Often, Congress is simply too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation, or Congress believes the agency's technical specialists are best equipped to deal with particular fact situations as they arise. Therefore, federal agencies are authorized to promulgate regulations. Under the principle of Chevron deference, regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes.

Q1: What does congress often grant to give rulemaking authority to federal agencies?
A1: statutes
Q2: Federal agencies are authorized to make what public?
A2: regulations
Q3: Regulations normally carry the force of what?
A3: law
Q4: Regualtions carry force of law when based on reasonable interpretation of what?
A4: relevant statutes
Q5: What power is granted to federal agencies by Congress?
A5: broad rulemaking authority
Q6: Why does Congress give generalized powers to federal agencies?
A6: too gridlocked to draft detailed statutes that explain how the agency should react to every possible situation
Q7: What gives regulations imposed by federal agencies the right to enforce their regulations?
A7: the principle of Chevron
Q8: What does the Principle of Chevron provide for?
A8: regulations normally carry the force of law as long as they are based on a reasonable interpretation of the relevant statutes
Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Topic: History

Congress often writes legislation to restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties, as laid out by the laws Congress passes. In INS v. Chadha (1983), the Supreme Court decided (a) The prescription for legislative action in Art. I, § 1—requiring all legislative powers to be vested in a Congress consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives—and § 7—requiring every bill passed by the House and Senate, before becoming law, to be presented to the president, and, if he disapproves, to be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House—represents the Framers' decision that the legislative power of the Federal Government be exercised in accord with a single, finely wrought and exhaustively considered procedure. This procedure is an integral part of the constitutional design for the separation of powers. Further rulings clarified the case; even both Houses acting together cannot override Executive vetos without a 2⁄3 majority. Legislation may always prescribe regulations governing executive officers.

Q1: To what does congress attempt to limit executive officials?
A1: the performance of their duties
Q2: What court case affirmed the mandates of the first and seventh sections of Article I of the Constitution?
A2: INS v. Chadha
Q3: When was INS v Chadha tried before the Supreme Court?
A3: 1983
Q4: By what margin can congress over ride a Presidential veto?
A4: two-thirds
Title: New_Delhi
Topic: Geography and places

Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism.

Q1: What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi?
A1: Connaught Place
Q2: New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language?
A2: English
Q3: What is one of the key service industries of New Delhi?
A3: information technology
Q4: Prior to the expansion of the service sector, what sector was the largest employer in New Delhi?
A4: Government
Q5: The large skilled English-speaking workforce of New Delhi has been able to attract what type of organizations to the city?
A5: multinational companies
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

Conrad Gessner was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains in the 16th century, to study them, writing that in the mountains he found the "theatre of the Lord". By the 19th century more naturalists began to arrive to explore, study and conquer the high peaks; they were followed by artists, writers and painters. Two men who first explored the regions of ice and snow were Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799) in the Pennine Alps, and the Benedictine monk of Disentis Placidus a Spescha (1752–1833). Born in Geneva, Saussure was enamored with the mountains from an early age; he left a law career to become a naturalist and spent many years trekking through the Bernese Oberland, the Savoy, the Piedmont and Valais, studying the glaciers and the geology, as he became an early proponent of the theory of rock upheaval. Saussure, in 1787, was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc—today the summits of all the peaks have been climbed.

Q1: Who was the first naturalist to ascend the mountains?
A1: Conrad Gessner
Q2: Where was Horace-Benedict de Saussure born?
A2: Geneva
Q3: Who was a member of the third ascent of Mont Blanc?
A3: Saussure
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

Consent is also invalid if it is given by a representative who ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign during the negotiations, if the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing.[citation needed]

Q1: If a state's representative ignored restrictions he is subject to by his sovereign, what might that state's consent to a treaty be considered to be?
A1: invalid
Q2: Who might place restrictions on a representative during negotiation of a treaty?
A2: his sovereign
Q3: What must be true of the ignored restrictions placed on a representative by his sovereign in order for a state's consent to a treaty to be considered invalid?
A3: the other parties to the treaty were notified of those restrictions prior to his signing
Q4: Who must have been notified of the ignored restrictions placed by a sovereign on his representative prior to the signing of a treaty in order for a state's consent to be considered invalid? 
A4: the other parties
Title: Treaty
Topic: Language and literature

Consent will also be invalidated if it was induced by the fraudulent conduct of another party, or by the direct or indirect "corruption" of its representative by another party to the treaty. Coercion of either a representative, or the state itself through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent.

Q1: What type of conduct of a party to a treaty can invalidate the consent of another party?
A1: fraudulent conduct
Q2: What type of action, either direct or indirect, of a state's representative by another type of party to a treaty can invalidate a state's consent?
A2: corruption
Q3: Coercion of a representative or a state itself will result in what happening to its consent to a treaty?
A3: invalidate that consent
Q4: Coercion of a state or its what through the threat or use of force, if used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty, will invalidate that consent?
A4: representative
Q5: What must  be true of coercion through the threat or use of force of a party to treaty for it to invalidate the state's consent to a treaty?
A5: used to obtain the consent of that state to a treaty
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

Consequently, steam reforming typically employs an excess of H
2O. Additional hydrogen can be recovered from the steam by use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction, especially with an iron oxide catalyst. This reaction is also a common industrial source of carbon dioxide:

Q1: How can it be recovered through steam?
A1: use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction
Title: Israel
Topic: History

Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958. Between 1948 and 1970, approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees relocated to Israel. The immigrants came to Israel for differing reasons. Some believed in a Zionist ideology, while others moved to escape persecution. There were others that did it for the promise of a better life in Israel and a small number that were expelled from their homelands, such as British and French Jews in Egypt after the Suez Crisis.

Q1: The population of Israel rose from 800,000 to what between 1948 and 1958?
A1: two million
Q2: What ideology did some immigrants believe in?
A2: Zionist
Q3: Between 1948 and 1970, how many Jewish refugees relocated to Israel?
A3: 1,150,000
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

Consider a half-wave dipole designed to work with signals 1 m wavelength, meaning the antenna would be approximately 50 cm across. If the element has a length-to-diameter ratio of 1000, it will have an inherent resistance of about 63 ohms. Using the appropriate transmission wire or balun, we match that resistance to ensure minimum signal loss. Feeding that antenna with a current of 1 ampere will require 63 volts of RF, and the antenna will radiate 63 watts (ignoring losses) of radio frequency power. Now consider the case when the antenna is fed a signal with a wavelength of 1.25 m; in this case the reflected current would arrive at the feed out-of-phase with the signal, causing the net current to drop while the voltage remains the same. Electrically this appears to be a very high impedance. The antenna and transmission line no longer have the same impedance, and the signal will be reflected back into the antenna, reducing output. This could be addressed by changing the matching system between the antenna and transmission line, but that solution only works well at the new design frequency.

Q1: How big would an antenna be used to with with one m wavelengths?
A1: 50 cm
Q2: How could the rection of output be adressed by?
A2: changing the matching system
Q3:  What unit is used to measure current?
A3: ampere
Q4: What effect occurs when the signal is reflected back into the antenna?
A4: reducing output
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Consistent with Calvin's political ideas, Protestants created both the English and the American democracies. In seventeenth-century England, the most important persons and events in this process were the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, John Milton, John Locke, the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, and the Act of Settlement. Later, the British took their democratic ideals to their colonies, e.g. Australia, New Zealand, and India. In North America, Plymouth Colony (Pilgrim Fathers; 1620) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628) practised democratic self-rule and separation of powers. These Congregationalists were convinced that the democratic form of government was the will of God. The Mayflower Compact was a social contract.

Q1: Whose democracies were created by Protestants?
A1: the English and the American democracies
Q2: Other than the U.S., to what colonies did the British export their democratic beliefs?
A2: Australia, New Zealand, and India
Q3: What democratic principles were followed by the Plymouth Colony?
A3: self-rule and separation of powers
Q4: What group believed that democracy was the will of God?
A4: Congregationalists
Q5: What other group in America practiced self-rule and separation of powers?
A5: Massachusetts Bay Colony
Title: Canadian_Armed_Forces
Topic: Warfare

Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Cooperation Among the American Air Forces), ship and aircraft visits, military training and cooperation, and other such outreach and relationship-building efforts.

Q1: What other priority do the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute too?
A1: conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy
Q2: What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs?
A2: deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés
Q3: What other air force does the CAF cooperate with?
A3: the American Air Forces
Q4: What is one of the activities the CAF works on with other countries?
A4: military training
Q5: What diplomatic effort does the CAF perform as part of it's duties?
A5: relationship-building efforts
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Constantine had triumphed under the signum (sign) of the Christ: Christianity was therefore officially embraced along with traditional religions and from his new Eastern capital, Constantine could be seen to embody both Christian and Hellenic religious interests. He may have officially ended – or attempted to end – blood sacrifices to the genius of living emperors but his Imperial iconography and court ceremonial outstripped Diocletian's in their supra-human elevation of the Imperial hierarch. His later direct intervention in Church affairs proved a political masterstroke. Constantine united the empire as an absolute head of state, and on his death, he was honored as a Christian, Imperial, and "divus".

Q1: What edict defined imperial ideas as being those of toleration?
A1: edict of Milan
Q2: How did Constantine accept Christianity?
A2: officially
Q3: Besides the acceptance of Christianity, what other religious cults were tolerated?
A3: traditional religions
Q4: As what type of ruler did Constantine unite the empire and church?
A4: absolute head of state
Q5: As what was Constantine honored when he died?
A5: Christian, Imperial, and "divus"
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Constantine the Great, who along with Licinius had decreed toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire by what is commonly called the "Edict of Milan", and was the first Roman Emperor baptized, set precedents for later policy. By Roman law the Emperor was Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) of all recognized religions in ancient Rome. To put an end to the doctrinal debate initiated by Arius, Constantine called the first of what would afterwards be called the ecumenical councils and then enforced orthodoxy by Imperial authority.

Q1: Who was the first Roman Emporor that was baptized?
A1: Constantine the Great
Q2: What did Constantine the Great and Licinius pass to introduce toleration of Christianity in the Roman Empire?
A2: Edict of Milan
Q3: What was the high priest in the College of Pontiffs called?
A3: Pontifex Maximus
Q4: What were the meetings called that were hosted by Constantine that helped enforce orthodoxy by Imperial authority?
A4: the ecumenical councils
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices and rights. He proposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple as an Imperial project and argued against the "irrational impieties" of Christian doctrine. His attempt to restore an Augustan form of principate, with himself as primus inter pares ended with his death in 363 in Persia, after which his reforms were reversed or abandoned. The empire once again fell under Christian control, this time permanently.

Q1: Who rejected the Christian religion?
A1: Julian
Q2: When did Julian become Augustus?
A2: 361
Q3: What did Julian try to restore to the empire?
A3: non-Christian practices
Q4: What building did Julian want to rebuild?
A4: Jerusalem's temple
Q5: After Julian's death, under to what type of religion did the empire return?
A5: Christian control