LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The necessity and inerrancy were well-established ideas, garnering little criticism, though they later came under debate from outside during the Enlightenment. The most contentious idea at the time though was the notion that anyone could simply pick up the Bible and learn enough to gain salvation. Though the reformers were concerned with ecclesiology (the doctrine of how the church as a body works), they had a different understanding of the process in which truths in scripture were applied to life of believers, compared to the Catholics' idea that certain people within the church, or ideas that were old enough, had a special status in giving understanding of the text.

Q1: Which ideas had little criticism for the most part?
A1: necessity and inerrancy
Q2: What is the term for how the church as a whole works?
A2: ecclesiology
Q3: What group believes that some in the church have a special status to understand the bible?
A3: Catholics
Q4: At what period was inerrancy debated?
A4: the Enlightenment
Q5: What item could be learned to gain salvation?
A5: the Bible
Title: Kathmandu
Topic: Geography and places

The neighbourhood of Thamel is Kathmandu's primary "traveller's ghetto", packed with guest houses, restaurants, shops, and bookstores, catering to tourists. Another neighbourhood of growing popularity is Jhamel, a name for Jhamsikhel coined to rhyme with Thamel. Jhochhen Tol, also known as Freak Street, is Kathmandu's original traveler's haunt, made popular by the hippies of the 1960s and 1970s; it remains a popular alternative to Thamel. Asan is a bazaar and ceremonial square on the old trade route to Tibet, and provides a fine example of a traditional neighbourhood.

Q1: What Kathmandu neighborhood is noted for its abundance of tourists?
A1: Thamel
Q2: What neighborhood is also known as Jhamel?
A2: Jhamsikhel
Q3: What is the traditional name for Freak Street?
A3: Jhochhen Tol
Q4: What tourists first brought attention to Jhocchen Tol?
A4: hippies
Title: Empiricism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.

Q1: When was Bertrand Russell born?
A1: 1872
Q2: When did Bertrand Russell die?
A2: 1970
Q3: What did Frege say about math?
A3: all mathematical truths are logical
Q4: What did Wittgenstein say about logic?
A4: all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies
Q5: What are pseudoproblems?
A5: most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems
Title: Bird
Topic: Natural sciences

The nervous system is large relative to the bird's size. The most developed part of the brain is the one that controls the flight-related functions, while the cerebellum coordinates movement and the cerebrum controls behaviour patterns, navigation, mating and nest building. Most birds have a poor sense of smell with notable exceptions including kiwis, New World vultures and tubenoses. The avian visual system is usually highly developed. Water birds have special flexible lenses, allowing accommodation for vision in air and water. Some species also have dual fovea. Birds are tetrachromatic, possessing ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone cells in the eye as well as green, red and blue ones. This allows them to perceive ultraviolet light, which is involved in courtship. Birds have specialized light-sensing cells deep in their brains that respond to light without input from eyes or other sensory neurons. These photo-receptive cells in the hypothalamus are involved in detecting the longer days of spring, and thus regulate breeding activities.

Q1: Which bird system is large relative to a bird's size?
A1: nervous system
Q2: What is tetrachromatic?
A2: possessing ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cone cells in the eye as well as green, red and blue ones
Q3: Why do birds need to perceive ultraviolet light?
A3: courtship
Q4: What regulates breeding activities?
A4: photo-receptive cells in
Title: Antenna_(radio)
Topic: Engineering and technology

The net quality of a ground reflection depends on the topography of the surface. When the irregularities of the surface are much smaller than the wavelength, we are in the regime of specular reflection, and the receiver sees both the real antenna and an image of the antenna under the ground due to reflection. But if the ground has irregularities not small compared to the wavelength, reflections will not be coherent but shifted by random phases. With shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies), this is generally the case.

Q1: What is the net quality of the ground dependent of?
A1: topography
Q2: What is the reason for the receiver seeing both the ral antenna and image of the antenna?
A2: reflection
Q3: What frequencies is associated with shorter wavelengths?
A3: higher frequencies
Q4: When will reflections not be coherent?
A4: ground has irregularities
Title: Turner_Classic_Movies
Topic: History

The network's programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. As a result of its devoted format to classic feature films, viewers that are interested in tracing the career development of actresses such as Barbara Stanwyck or Greta Garbo or actors like Cary Grant or Humphrey Bogart have the unique opportunity to see most of the films that were made during their careers, from beginning to end. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio (widescreen or full screen) whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on TCM are letterboxed on the network's standard definition feed. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any home video release.

Q1: What retrospective of the Oscars is shown yearly on TCM?
A1: 31 Days of Oscar
Q2: When does TCM's programming season begin?
A2: February
Q3: On its standard definition broadcast, what format does TCM use to preserve the original aspect ratio?
A3: letterboxed
Q4: Along with Cary Grant, who is a notable actor whose career a viewer might follow on TCM?
A4: Humphrey Bogart
Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Topic: History

The new Kievan state prospered due to its abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export, and because it controlled three main trade routes of Eastern Europe. In the north, Novgorod served as a commercial link between the Baltic Sea and the Volga trade route to the lands of the Volga Bulgars, the Khazars, and across the Caspian Sea as far as Baghdad, providing access to markets and products from Central Asia and the Middle East. Trade from the Baltic also moved south on a network of rivers and short portages along the Dnieper known as the "route from the Varangians to the Greeks," continuing to the Black Sea and on to Constantinople. Kiev was a central outpost along the Dnieper route and a hub with the east-west overland trade route between the Khazars and the Germanic lands of Central Europe. These commercial connections enriched Rus' merchants and princes, funding military forces and the construction of churches, palaces, fortifications, and further towns. Demand for luxury goods fostered production of expensive jewelry and religious wares, allowing their export, and an advanced credit and money-lending system may have also been in place.

Q1: Why did the Kievan state prosper?
A1: abundant supply of furs, beeswax, honey, and slaves for export
Q2: How many trade routes did the Kievan state control?
A2: three
Q3: Which route was a central post in Kiev?
A3: Dnieper route
Q4: What other means of pay when purchasing items may have been in place?
A4: money-lending system
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The new SuperSpeed bus provides a fourth transfer mode with a data signaling rate of 5.0 Gbit/s, in addition to the modes supported by earlier versions. The payload throughput is 4 Gbit/s[citation needed] (due to the overhead incurred by 8b/10b encoding), and the specification considers it reasonable to achieve around 3.2 Gbit/s (0.4 GB/s or 400 MB/s), which should increase with future hardware advances. Communication is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode; in the modes supported previously, by 1.x and 2.0, communication is half-duplex, with direction controlled by the host.

Q1: What provides a fourth transfer mode?
A1: The new SuperSpeed bus
Q2: How fast is the new SuperSpeed bus data signaling rate?
A2: 5.0 Gbit/s
Q3: What is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode?
A3: Communication
Title: Supreme_court
Topic: Language and literature

The new Supreme Court of New Zealand was officially established at the beginning of 2004, although it did not come into operation until July. The High Court of New Zealand was until 1980 known as the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has a purely appellate jurisdiction and hears appeals from the Court of Appeal of New Zealand. In some cases, an appeal may be removed directly to the Supreme Court from the High Court. For certain cases, particularly cases which commenced in the District Court, a lower court (typically the High Court or the Court of Appeal) may be the court of final jurisdiction.

Q1: When did New Zealand's Supreme Court come into being?
A1: 2004
Q2: What is the role of New Zealand's highest court?
A2: purely appellate
Q3: What court's decisions may be appealed to New Zealand's supreme court?
A3: Court of Appeal of New Zealand
Q4: New Zealand's second ranking court is known as what?
A4: the High Court
Q5: Local decisions by what judicial body may remain within the jurisdiction of local courts?
A5: the District Court
Title: Egypt
Topic: Geography and places

The new government drafted and implemented a constitution in 1923 based on a parliamentary system. Saad Zaghlul was popularly elected as Prime Minister of Egypt in 1924. In 1936, the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was concluded. Continued instability due to remaining British influence and increasing political involvement by the king led to the dissolution of the parliament in a military coup d'état known as the 1952 Revolution. The Free Officers Movement forced King Farouk to abdicate in support of his son Fuad. British military presence in Egypt lasted until 1954.

Q1: When was new constitution drafted?
A1: 1923
Q2: What system of government was constitution based on?
A2: parliamentary system
Q3: Who was elected in 1924?
A3: Saad Zaghlul
Q4: Who succeeded King Farouk?
A4: his son Fuad
Q5: How long did British military presence remain in Egypt?
A5: 1954
Title: Nigeria
Topic: History

The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country.

Q1: Which Nigerian leader decided Nigeria would return to democracy in 1990?
A1: Ibrahim Babangida
Q2: What did Babangida set up to help pay Nigeria's national debt?
A2: International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program
Q3: What was most of Nigeria's federal income being spent on?
A3: debt
Q4: What controversial religious group did Nigeria join?
A4: Organisation of the Islamic Conference
Title: Neoclassical_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

The new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary. Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu ("like cameos"), isolated medallions or vases or busts or bucrania or other motifs, suspended on swags of laurel or ribbon, with slender arabesques against backgrounds, perhaps, of "Pompeiian red" or pale tints, or stone colours. The style in France was initially a Parisian style, the Goût grec ("Greek style"), not a court style; when Louis XVI acceded to the throne in 1774, Marie Antoinette, his fashion-loving Queen, brought the "Louis XVI" style to court.

Q1: What were interiors seeking to recreate?
A1: authentically Roman
Q2: What colors were utilized for interiors?
A2: "Pompeiian red" or pale tints, or stone colours
Q3: Who brought Louis XVI style to the court?
A3: Marie Antoinette
Q4: What types of techniques were used to style motifs?
A4: flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones
Q5: What were styles in France initially?
A5: Parisian
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

The new peace would only last for two years; war recommenced in the aftermath of John's decision in August 1200 to marry Isabella of Angoulême. In order to remarry, John first needed to abandon Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, his first wife; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papal permission to marry Isabel in the first place – as a cousin, John could not have legally wed her without this. It remains unclear why John chose to marry Isabella of Angoulême. Contemporary chroniclers argued that John had fallen deeply in love with Isabella, and John may have been motivated by desire for an apparently beautiful, if rather young, girl. On the other hand, the Angoumois lands that came with Isabella were strategically vital to John: by marrying Isabella, John was acquiring a key land route between Poitou and Gascony, which significantly strengthened his grip on Aquitaine.[nb 5]

Q1: How long did the new peace last?
A1: two years
Q2: When was John's decision to marry Isabella?
A2: August 1200
Q3: John acquired key land between Poitou and where?
A3: Gascony
Title: Oklahoma
Topic: Geography and places

The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy. In 1927, Oklahoman businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66", began the campaign to create U.S. Route 66. Using a stretch of highway from Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa.

Q1: What was the "Oil Capital of the World"?
A1: Tulsa
Q2: What type of investments were important in early Oklahoma?
A2: oil
Q3: Who was the "Father of Route 66"?
A3: Cyrus Avery
Q4: When did Route 66 begin?
A4: 1927
Q5: Where was the Highway 66 Association based?
A5: Tulsa
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

The new structure is administered by a Metropolitan Council of 210 members, not directly elected, but chosen by the councils of the member Communes. By 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning, housing, and protection of the environment. The first president of the metropolitan council, Patrick Ollier, a Republican and the mayor of the town of Rueil-Malmaison, was elected on January 22, 2016. Though the Metropole has a population of nearly seven million persons and accounts for 25 percent of the GDP of France, it has a very small budget; just 65 million Euros, compared with eight billion Euros for the City of Paris.

Q1: How many members are in the Metropolitan Council?
A1: 210
Q2: Who was the first president of the metropolitan council?
A2: Patrick Ollier
Q3: What town was Patrick Ollier a mayor of?
A3: Rueil-Malmaison
Q4: What party does Patrick Ollier associate with?
A4: Republican
Q5: What is the budget for Metropole?
A5: 65 million Euros
Title: USB
Topic: Engineering and technology

The newer micro-USB receptacles are designed for a minimum rated lifetime of 10,000 cycles of insertion and removal between the receptacle and plug, compared to 1,500 for the standard USB and 5,000 for the mini-USB receptacle. Features intended to accomplish include, a locking device was added and the leaf-spring was moved from the jack to the plug, so that the most-stressed part is on the cable side of the connection. This change was made so that the connector on the less expensive cable would bear the most wear instead of the more expensive micro-USB device. However the idea that these changes did in fact make the connector more durable in real world use has been widely disputed, with many contending that they are in fact, much less durable.

Q1: What are the newer micro-USB receptacles designed for?
A1: a minimum rated lifetime of 10,000 cycles of insertion
Q2: What is the minimum rated lifetime for the standard USB receptacle?
A2: 1,500
Q3: After a leaf-spring was moved from jack to the plug, the most stressed part was found where?
A3: on the cable side of the connection
Q4: Why was the change made for the USB device?
A4: so that the connector on the less expensive cable would bear the most wear
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

The newly allied armies captured Beijing on June 6. The Shunzhi Emperor was invested as the "Son of Heaven" on October 30. The Manchus, who had positioned themselves as political heir to the Ming emperor by defeating the rebel Li Zicheng, completed the symbolic transition by holding a formal funeral for the Chongzhen Emperor. However the process of conquering the rest of China took another seventeen years of battling Ming loyalists, pretenders and rebels. The last Ming pretender, Prince Gui, sought refuge with the King of Burma, but was turned over to a Qing expeditionary army commanded by Wu Sangui, who had him brought back to Yunnan province and executed in early 1662.

Q1: When did Beijing fall?
A1: June 6
Q2: What was the Shunzi Emperor called?
A2: "Son of Heaven"
Q3: When did the Shunzhi emperor become the Son of Heaven?
A3: October 30
Q4: How long did it take for the Manchus to take the rest of China?
A4: seventeen years
Q5: Who did the Manchus struggle against?
A5: Ming loyalists
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

The newly invented Western Electric moving coil or dynamic microphone was part of the Wide Range System. It had a flatter audio response than the old style Wente condenser type and didn't require electronics installed in the microphone housing. Signals fed to the cutting head were pre-emphasized in the treble region to help override noise in playback. Groove cuts in the vertical plane were employed rather than the usual lateral cuts. The chief advantage claimed was more grooves per inch that could be crowded together, resulting in longer playback time. Additionally, the problem of inner groove distortion, which plagued lateral cuts, could be avoided with the vertical cut system. Wax masters were made by flowing heated wax over a hot metal disc thus avoiding the microscopic irregularities of cast blocks of wax and the necessity of planing and polishing.

Q1: What was a benefit of vertical groove cuts?
A1: longer playback time
Q2: What could be avoided by using vertical groove cuts?
A2: inner groove distortion
Q3: How was the moving coil microphone unique to the Wente type?
A3: didn't require electronics installed in the microphone housing
Q4: How was sound improved using the moving coil microphone?
A4: override noise in playback
Q5: How was wax used to improve recordings?
A5: avoiding the microscopic irregularities
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician, Edward Ellice, the Member of Parliament for Coventry and the owner of the Rebecca's cargo. The name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay.

Q1: When did Arent Schuyler de Peyster visit Tuvalu?
A1: May 1819
Q2: Which of the Tuvalu isalnds did de Peyster see?
A2: Nukufetau and Funafuti
Q3: What name did de Peyster give the Tuvalu islands?
A3: Ellice's Island
Q4: For whom did de Peyster name Ellice's Island?
A4: Edward Ellice
Q5: After Findlay's charting how many islands of the group were named Ellice?
A5: all nine islands
Title: Computer
Topic: Engineering and technology

The next great advance in computing power came with the advent of the integrated circuit. The idea of the integrated circuit was first conceived by a radar scientist working for the Royal Radar Establishment of the Ministry of Defence, Geoffrey W.A. Dummer. Dummer presented the first public description of an integrated circuit at the Symposium on Progress in Quality Electronic Components in Washington, D.C. on 7 May 1952.

Q1: The integrated circuit of a computer was the idea of whom?
A1: Geoffrey W.A. Dummer
Q2: Where did Geoffrey W.A. Dummer work at?
A2: Royal Radar Establishment of the Ministry of Defence
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

The next phase of the campaign featured the French invasion of the Habsburg heartlands. French forces in Southern Germany had been defeated by the Archduke Charles in 1796, but the Archduke withdrew his forces to protect Vienna after learning about Napoleon's assault. In the first notable encounter between the two commanders, Napoleon pushed back his opponent and advanced deep into Austrian territory after winning at the Battle of Tarvis in March 1797. The Austrians were alarmed by the French thrust that reached all the way to Leoben, about 100 km from Vienna, and finally decided to sue for peace. The Treaty of Leoben, followed by the more comprehensive Treaty of Campo Formio, gave France control of most of northern Italy and the Low Countries, and a secret clause promised the Republic of Venice to Austria. Bonaparte marched on Venice and forced its surrender, ending 1,100 years of independence. He also authorized the French to loot treasures such as the Horses of Saint Mark.

Q1: In what year were the French defeated in Southern Germany by the Archduke Charles?
A1: 1796
Q2: After Napoleon's attack, the Archduke pulled back his forces to defend which city?
A2: Vienna
Q3: What was the first noteworthy confrontation between Napoleon and the Archduke Charles?
A3: the Battle of Tarvis
Q4: When did the Battle of Tarvis take place?
A4: March 1797
Q5: Approximately how close did the French incursion into Leoben come to reaching Vienna?
A5: 100 km
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The next three popes, including Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, were created cardinals by him. His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973. Karol Wojtyła was created a cardinal in the consistory of 26 June 1967. Joseph Ratzinger was created a cardinal in the small four-appointment consistory of 27 June 1977, which also included Bernardin Gantin from Benin, Africa. This became the last of Paul VI's consistories before his death in August 1978. Pope Paul was asked towards the end of his papacy whether he would retire at age 80, he replied "Kings can abdicate, Popes cannot."[citation needed]

Q1: How many future popes did Paul VI create first as cardinals?
A1: three
Q2: Who was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 27 1977?
A2: Joseph Ratzinger
Q3: What future pope was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 26, 1967?
A3: Karol Wojtyła
Q4: In what year did Paul VI die?
A4: 1978
Q5: What name did Albino Luciani take as a pope?
A5: John Paul I
Title: History_of_India
Topic: History

The next to arrive were the Dutch, with their main base in Ceylon. The British—who set up a trading post in the west coast port of Surat in 1619—and the French. The internal conflicts among Indian kingdoms gave opportunities to the European traders to gradually establish political influence and appropriate lands. Although these continental European powers controlled various coastal regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they eventually lost all their territories in India to the British islanders, with the exception of the French outposts of Pondichéry and Chandernagore, the Dutch port of Travancore, and the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu.[citation needed]

Q1: In what country was the trading base for the Dutch?
A1: Ceylon
Q2: Where did the British initially establish a trading base?
A2: port of Surat
Q3: What was the third European country to establish trading with India?
A3: French
Q4: What actions by the Indian kingdoms gave the European traders the opportunity to acquire lands and influence?
A4: internal conflicts
Q5: To whom did the foreigners lose most of their acquired lands?
A5: British
Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Topic: Music

The next year Madonna and Maverick sued Warner Music Group and its former parent company Time Warner, claiming that mismanagement of resources and poor bookkeeping had cost the company millions of dollars. In return, Warner filed a countersuit alleging that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on its own. The dispute was resolved when the Maverick shares, owned by Madonna and Ronnie Dashev, were purchased by Warner. Madonna and Dashev's company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music, but Madonna was still signed to Warner under a separate recording contract.

Q1: Madonna and Maverick sued which company for poor bookkeeping and mismanagement of resources?
A1: Warner Music Group
Q2: Warner filed a countersuit stating that who lost 10 of millions of dollars on its own?
A2: Maverick
Q3: Warner resolved the dispute by buying whose shares?
A3: Madonna and Ronnie Dashev
Q4: Maverick became a wholly owned  subsidiary of which company?
A4: Warner Music
Title: Hydrogen
Topic: Natural sciences

The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, which were finally replaced in May 2009, more than 19 years after launch, and 13 years over their design life.

Q1: What year was the first nickel hydrogen battery used?
A1: 1977
Q2: In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery?
A2: 2009
Title: FC_Barcelona
Topic: Sports and recreation

The nickname culé for a Barcelona supporter is derived from the Catalan cul (English: arse), as the spectators at the first stadium, Camp de la Indústria, sat with their culs over the stand. In Spain, about 25% of the population is said to be Barça sympathisers, second behind Real Madrid, supported by 32% of the population. Throughout Europe, Barcelona is the favourite second-choice club. The club's membership figures have seen a significant increase from 100,000 in the 2003–04 season to 170,000 in September 2009, the sharp rise being attributed to the influence of Ronaldinho and then-president Joan Laporta's media strategy that focused on Spanish and English online media.

Q1: What is the nickname for a Barcelona supporter?
A1: culé
Q2: How much of the Spanish population are Barcelona supporters?
A2: 25%
Q3: How much of the population of Spain are supporters of Real Madrid?
A3: 32%
Q4: What was the club membership in 2003-04?
A4: 100,000
Q5: What did the club membership grow to by 2009?
A5: 170,000
Title: Institute_of_technology
Topic: Engineering and technology

The nine largest and most renowned Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology as community of interests. Technische Universitäten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts. RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München also have a faculty of medicine associated with university hospitals (Klinikum Aachen, University Hospital Dresden, Rechts der Isar Hospital).

Q1: Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals?
A1: medicine
Q2: How many Technische Universitäten make up the TU9 German Institutes of Technology?
A2: nine
Title: Digestion
Topic: Natural sciences

The nitrogen fixing Rhizobia are an interesting case, wherein conjugative elements naturally engage in inter-kingdom conjugation. Such elements as the Agrobacterium Ti or Ri plasmids contain elements that can transfer to plant cells. Transferred genes enter the plant cell nucleus and effectively transform the plant cells into factories for the production of opines, which the bacteria use as carbon and energy sources. Infected plant cells form crown gall or root tumors. The Ti and Ri plasmids are thus endosymbionts of the bacteria, which are in turn endosymbionts (or parasites) of the infected plant.

Q1: What elements can transfer to plant cells?
A1: Agrobacterium Ti or Ri plasmids
Q2: Where do transferred genes enter?
A2: the plant cell nucleus
Q3: What do bacteria use as carbon and energy sources?
A3: opines
Q4: What happens to infected plant cells?
A4: end
Q5: What are endosymbionts of the bacteria?
A5: The Ti and Ri plasmids
Title: Film_speed
Topic: Engineering and technology

The noise-based speed is defined as the exposure that will lead to a given signal-to-noise ratio on individual pixels. Two ratios are used, the 40:1 ("excellent image quality") and the 10:1 ("acceptable image quality") ratio. These ratios have been subjectively determined based on a resolution of 70 pixels per cm (178 DPI) when viewed at 25 cm (9.8 inch) distance. The signal-to-noise ratio is defined as the standard deviation of a weighted average of the luminance and color of individual pixels. The noise-based speed is mostly determined by the properties of the sensor and somewhat affected by the noise in the electronic gain and AD converter.

Q1: Which ratios are employed to calculate noise-based speed?
A1: the 40:1 ("excellent image quality") and the 10:1 ("acceptable image quality") ratio
Q2: What is the noise-based speed?
A2: the exposure that will lead to a given signal-to-noise ratio on individual pixels
Q3: How are the two ratios found?
A3: subjectively determined based on a resolution of 70 pixels per cm (178 DPI) when viewed at 25 cm (9.8 inch) distance
Q4: What is a definition of signal-to-noise ratio?
A4: the standard deviation of a weighted average of the luminance and color of individual pixels
Q5: What factors influence the noise-based speed?
A5: the properties of the sensor and somewhat affected by the noise in the electronic gain and AD converter
Title: Nonprofit_organization
Topic: Social sciences and society

The nonprofit landscape is highly varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do comprise an often high profile or visible aspect of the sector, there are many other types of nonprofits. Overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. Member-serving organizations include mutual societies, cooperatives, trade unions, credit unions, industry associations, sports clubs, retired serviceman's clubs and peak bodies – organizations that benefit a particular group of people i.e. the members of the organization. Typically, community-serving organizations are focused on providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally: organizations delivering human services programs or projects, aid and development programs, medical research, education and health services, and so on. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the grassroots support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving both its members (by directly supporting them) and the broader community (through the provision of a helping service for fellow citizens).

Q1: What types of organizations are NPOs usually associated with?
A1: charitable
Q2: Who does an NPO usually serve?
A2: member-serving or community-serving
Q3: What do NPOs that center around community usually focus on?
A3: providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally
Q4: What are member serving NPOs really focused on?
A4: by directly supporting them
Q5: What are community serving NPOs focused on?
A5: a helping service for fellow citizens
Title: Gramophone_record
Topic: Music

The normal commercial disc is engraved with two sound-bearing concentric spiral grooves, one on each side, running from the outside edge towards the center. The last part of the spiral meets an earlier part to form a circle. The sound is encoded by fine variations in the edges of the groove that cause a stylus (needle) placed in it to vibrate at acoustic frequencies when the disc is rotated at the correct speed. Generally, the outer and inner parts of the groove bear no intended sound (an exception is Split Enz's Mental Notes).

Q1: In which direction does the groove in a normal disc run?
A1: outside edge towards the center
Q2: How is sound encoded on a commercial disc?
A2: by fine variations
Q3: Does it matter at which speed a disc is spun?
A3: correct speed
Q4: Do all grooves bear data?
A4: no
Title: Communications_in_Somalia
Topic: Engineering and technology

The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest has one government-operated radio station.

Q1: About how many private radio stations does the region of Puntland have?
A1: six
Q2: What is the former name of Radio Gaalkacyo?
A2: Radio Free Somalia
Q3: Where does RAdio Gaalkacyo operate from?
A3: Galkayo
Q4: What province is Galkayo located in?
A4: Mudug province
Q5: How many government operated radio stations exist in the Somaliland region?
A5: one
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

The northern group consists of the keskmurre or central dialect that is also the basis for the standard language, the läänemurre or western dialect, roughly corresponding to Läänemaa and Pärnumaa, the saarte murre (islands') dialect of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa and the idamurre or eastern dialect on the northwestern shore of Lake Peipsi.

Q1: What dialect is also known as the central dialect?
A1: the keskmurre
Q2: What is the dialect from Lake Peipsi?
A2: the idamurre or eastern dialect
Q3: What dialects of the northern group are spoken on the saarte murre?
A3: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa
Q4: What is another name for Estonian's northern group's western dialect?
A4: the läänemurre
Title: Montana
Topic: Geography and places

The northern section of the Divide, where the mountains give way rapidly to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins in Alaska's Seward Peninsula) crosses this region and turns east in Montana at Triple Divide Peak. It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.

Q1: Which direction do the rivers flow near the Triple Divide Peak?
A1: north
Q2: Where does the Saskatchewan River empty into?
A2: Hudson Bay.
Title: Miami
Topic: Geography and places

The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City.

Q1: What notable theater is present in Overtown?
A1: Lyric
Q2: After whom is the performing arts center in Midtown named?
A2: Adrienne Arsht
Q3: In what part of Miami is Midtown?
A3: northern
Q4: What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1950s Miami?
A4: MiMo
Q5: What northern Miami neighborhood is named for a Caribbean country?
A5: Little Haiti
Title: The_Bronx
Topic: Geography and places

The northern side of the borough includes the largest park in New York City—Pelham Bay Park, which includes Orchard Beach—and the fourth largest, Van Cortlandt Park, which is west of Woodlawn Cemetery and borders Yonkers. Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill, the former estate of George W. Perkins—known for a historic house, gardens, changing site-specific art installations and concerts—overlooks the New Jersey Palisades from a promontory on the Hudson in Riverdale. Nearer the borough's center, and along the Bronx River, is Bronx Park; its northern end houses the New York Botanical Gardens, which preserve the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county, and its southern end the Bronx Zoo, the largest urban zoological gardens in the United States. Just south of Van Cortlandt Park is the Jerome Park Reservoir, surrounded by 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and bordering several small parks in the Bedford Park neighborhood; the reservoir was built in the 1890s on the site of the former Jerome Park Racetrack. Further south is Crotona Park, home to a 3.3-acre (1.3 ha) lake, 28 species of trees, and a large swimming pool. The land for these parks, and many others, was bought by New York City in 1888, while land was still open and inexpensive, in anticipation of future needs and future pressures for development.

Q1: When did NYC buy land for its parks?
A1: 1888
Q2: How many types of trees are in Crotona Park?
A2: 28
Q3: How large is Crotona Park's lake?
A3: 3.3-acre
Q4: When was the Jerome Park Reservoir built?
A4: in the 1890s
Q5: What do the NY Botanical Gardens preserve?
A5: the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county
Title: Geological_history_of_Earth
Topic: Natural sciences

The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart. In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts. In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolated its final remnant, the Mediterranean, and created another shallow sea with island archipelagos to the north. Though the North Atlantic was opening, a land connection appears to have remained between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. India continued its journey away from Africa and began its collision with Asia, creating the Himalayan orogeny.

Q1: during which period did mountains form in the western part of North America?
A1: Eocene
Q2: What began to form in the flat basins in North America during the Eocene?
A2: huge lakes
Q3: In the Eocene, in Europe, which sea ceased to be?
A3: Tethys Sea
Q4: The Mediterranean sea is a remaining part of which sea from the Eocene?
A4: Tethys Sea
Q5: Which oregeny was created when India collided with Asia?
A5: the Himalayan orogeny
Title: Punjab,_Pakistan
Topic: Geography and places

The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully informed of the magnificence of the country and its riches in gold, gems and pearls. However, Alexander had to encounter and reduce the tribes on the border of Punjab before entering the luxuriant plains. Having taken a northeasterly direction, he marched against the Aspii (mountaineers), who offered vigorous resistance, but were subdued.[citation needed] Alexander then marched through Ghazni, blockaded Magassa, and then marched to Ora and Bazira. Turning to the northeast, Alexander marched to Pucela, the capital of the district now known as Pakhli. He entered Western Punjab, where the ancient city of Nysa (at the site of modern-day Mong) was situated. A coalition was formed against Alexander by the Cathians, the people of Multan, who were very skilful in war. Alexander invested many troops, eventually killing seventeen thousand Cathians in this battle, and the city of Sagala (present-day Sialkot) was razed to the ground. Alexander left Punjab in 326 B.C. and took his army to the heartlands of his empire.[citation needed]

Q1: Where did Alexander the Great conquer in 10 days?
A1: Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan
Q2: What wealth did Alexander hope to find?
A2: riches in gold, gems and pearls
Q3: From which direction did Alexander enter Punjab?
A3: northeasterly
Q4: Who were the Aspii?
A4: mountaineers
Q5: Who were the Cathians?
A5: the people of Multan
Title: Rajasthan
Topic: Geography and places

The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region are covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea, as it lies in a direction parallel to that of the coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow. The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the town of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and known as the gateway of thar desert. The desert has some major districts like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour. This area is also important defence point of view. Jodhpur airbase is Indias largest airbase and military, BSF bases are also situated here. A single civil airport is also situated in Jodhpur. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between the desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400 mm of rain in an average year. Temperatures can exceed 48 °C in the summer months and drop below freezing in the winter. The Godwar, Marwar, and Shekhawati regions lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The Luni River and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining the western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great Rann of Kutch wetland in neighboring Gujarat. This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in Barmer district. The Ghaggar River, which originates in Haryana, is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as a remnant of the primitive Saraswati river.

Q1: Dry and sandy conditions are indicative of which region of Rajasthan? 
A1: The northwestern portion
Q2: Which desert is in the northwestern part of Rajasthan?
A2: the Thar Desert
Q3: What is the most populous city in the Thar Desert?
A3: Jodhpur
Q4: What are the names of the major districts of the Thar?
A4: Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Nagour
Q5: Rainfall in the Thar Desert region is less than what amount each year on avarage?
A5: 400 mm
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

The noted Indian social activist and a retired Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Kiran Bedi refused to participate saying "she doesn’t want to run in the event as ‘caged woman’." On April 15, Bollywood actress Soha Ali Khan pulled out of the Olympic torch relay, citing “very strong personal reasons”. On April 16, a protest was organised in Delhi "against Chinese repression in Tibet", and was broken up by the police.

Q1: Who did not want to participate in the relay as 'caged woman'?
A1: Kiran Bedi
Q2: Where was Bedi retired from?
A2: Indian Police Service
Q3: Which actress decided to not participate on April 15?
A3: Soha Ali Khan
Q4: When did a protest in Delhi occur to protest against Chinese repression in Tibet?
A4: April 16
Q5: What retired police officer refused to carry the torch in India?
A5: Kiran Bedi
Q6: What actress removed herself from participation in the relay?
A6: Soha Ali Khan
Q7: Where was a protest organized about the Olympic relay in India?
A7: Delhi
Q8: Who disbanded the protest in Delhi?
A8: police.
Q9: The retired police officer said she would not run as what?
A9: caged woman
Title: Israel
Topic: History

The notion of the "Land of Israel", known in Hebrew as Eretz Yisrael, has been important and sacred to the Jewish people since Biblical times. According to the Torah, God promised the land to the three Patriarchs of the Jewish people. On the basis of scripture, the period of the three Patriarchs has been placed somewhere in the early 2nd millennium BCE, and the first Kingdom of Israel was established around the 11th century BCE. Subsequent Israelite kingdoms and states ruled intermittently over the next four hundred years, and are known from various extra-biblical sources.

Q1: What is the "Land of Israel" known as in Hebrew?
A1: Eretz Yisrael
Q2: According to the Torah, God promised the land to how many people?
A2: three
Q3: When was the first Kingdom of Israel established?
A3: early 2nd millennium BCE
Title: Szlachta
Topic: History

The notion that all Polish nobles were social equals, regardless of their financial status or offices held, is enshrined in a traditional Polish saying:

Q1: What was the notion for all polish nobles?
A1: social equals
Q2: What ethnic saying is this traditional from?
A2: Polish saying
Q3: Did it matter how much money a person had to polish nobles?
A3: regardless of their financial status
Title: To_Kill_a_Mockingbird
Topic: Language and literature

The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a framework to judge whether the characters are heroes or fools. She guides the reader in such judgments, alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and "reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races" while giving the "appearance of gentility, piety, and morality". Conversely, when Atticus loses Tom's case, he is last to leave the courtroom, except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony, who rise silently as he walks underneath them, to honor his efforts.

Q1: Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how?
A1: classical tragedy