LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.

Q1: Where does the first of Palermo's circuits suround?
A1: ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis
Q2: What was the name of the primary east-west road within the walls of Palaeopolis?
A2: Via Vittorio Emanuele
Q3: On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city?
A3: Via Roma
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo currently has an international airport, and a significant underground economy.[citation needed] In fact, for cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo was one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.

Q1: What types of churches attract tourists to Palermo?
A1: Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque
Q2: Which town is Sicily's primary industrial and commercial center?
A2: Palermo
Q3: What are Palermo's four main industrial sectors?
A3: tourism, services, commerce and agriculture
Title: Palermo
Topic: Unknown

Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft.) high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain. The mount lies right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "The most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay "Italian Journey".

Q1: What geographic form is Palermo surrounded by?
A1: mountains
Q2: Which author desribed Monte Pelegrino as "The most beautiful promontory in the world?"
A2: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,
Q3: Which is the tallest mountain in Sicily?
A3: La Pizzuta
Q4: Where is Monte Pellegrino in relation to other peaks?
A4: geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain
Title: Queen_Victoria
Topic: History

Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. "Everyone likes flattery," he said, "and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel." With the phrase "we authors, Ma'am", he complimented her. Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were "a public meeting rather than a woman".

Q1: Who died in 1865?
A1: Palmerston
Q2: Who resigned in 1868?
A2: Derby
Q3: How long was Disraeli in office?
A3: matter of months
Q4: Who was Disraeli's rival?
A4: William Ewart Gladstone
Q5: What political view did Gladstone hold?
A5: Liberal
Q6: What year did Palmerston die?
A6: 1865
Q7: Who let the ministry for a very short time after the death of Palmerston?
A7: Russell
Q8: Who returned to power after Russels brief rule of the ministry?
A8: Derby
Q9: Following Alberts death, what was the first year that Victoria attended the State opening of Parliment?
A9: 1866
Q10: Who replaced Derby after his resignation?
A10: Benjamin Disraeli
Q11: What year did Pamerston die? 
A11: 1865
Q12: What event did Victoria attend in 1866 for the first time following Albert's death?
A12: State Opening of Parliament
Q13: What Act by Victoria granted the ability to vote to working men, but not women? 
A13: Reform Act 1867
Q14: Who replaced Derby when he resigned in 1868? 
A14: Benjamin Disraeli
Q15: What Liberal replaced Disraeli after only a few short months in office? 
A15: William Ewart Gladstone
Q16: When did Palmerston die?
A16: 1865
Q17: Who was ultimately returned to office after Palmerston's death?
A17: Derby
Q18: When did Derby resign?
A18: 1868
Q19: Who was Derby's replacement?
A19: Benjamin Disraeli
Q20: How long did Disralei last in office?
A20: only lasted a matter of months
Title: Germans
Topic: Language and literature

Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.

Q1: In what century did the Pan-Germanisms origins begin?
A1: 19th
Q2: What movement came out of the French Revolution?
A2: Nationalism
Q3: Who was threatened by Nationalism?
A3: aristocratic regimes
Q4: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?
A4: Romanovs and the Habsburgs
Q5: Where was Johann Tillmann from?
A5: East Prussia
Title: Slavs
Topic: History

Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.

Q1: What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples?
A1: Pan-Slavism
Q2: Where was the main focus of Pan-Slavism?
A2: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice
Q3: Who used Pan-Slavism as a political tool?
A3: The Russian Empire
Q4: When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations?
A4: between 1945 and 1948
Q5: How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role?
A5: until the period 1989–1991
Title: Department_store
Topic: Social sciences and society

Panama's first department stores such as Bazaar Francés, La Dalia and La Villa de Paris started as textile retailers at the turn of the nineteenth century. Later on in the twentieth century these eventually gave way to stores such as Felix B. Maduro, Sarah Panamá, Figali, Danté, Sears, Gran Morrison and smaller ones such as Bon Bini, Cocos, El Lider, Piccolo and Clubman among others. Of these only Felix B. Maduro (usually referred to as Felix by locals) and Danté remain strong. All the others have either folded or declined although Cocos has managed to secure a good position in the market.

Q1: How did Panama's department stores originally begin? 
A1: as textile retailers
Q2: When did Panama's Department stores first start? 
A2: at the turn of the nineteenth century
Q3: What department store is often called "Felix" by the local population? 
A3: Felix B. Maduro
Q4: What store has managed to survive despite much it's competition going under? 
A4: Cocos
Title: Printed_circuit_board
Topic: Engineering and technology

Panelization is a procedure whereby a number of PCBs are grouped for manufacturing onto a larger board - the panel. Usually a panel consists of a single design but sometimes multiple designs are mixed on a single panel. There are two types of panels: assembly panels - often called arrays - and bare board manufacturing panels. The assemblers often mount components on panels rather than single PCBs because this is efficient. The bare board manufactures always uses panels, not only for efficiency, but because of the requirements the plating process. Thus a manufacturing panel can consist of a grouping of individual PCBs or of arrays, depending on what must be delivered.

Q1: What process groups PCBs before transfer to a panel?
A1: Panelization
Q2: Is it more common for panels to have a single design or many designs?
A2: a single design
Q3: What type of panels can also be referred to as an "array?'
A3: assembly panels
Q4: Besides assembly panels, what's the other type of panel?
A4: bare board manufacturing panels
Q5: What step of the bare board manufacture would be impossible if panels weren't always used?
A5: the plating process
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

Panels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to combine panels mentally into events. The size, shape, and arrangement of panels each affect the timing and pacing of the narrative. The contents of a panel may be asynchronous, with events depicted in the same image not necessarily occurring at the same time.

Q1: What are the individual images with action called in comics?
A1: Panels
Q2: Narrative is placed into panels using what?
A2: encapsulation
Q3: Who puts the panels together using closure?
A3: The reader
Q4: Timing and pace of comics is made by adjusting size, shape and what of panels?
A4: arrangement
Q5: When a comic panel has events that are not at the same time the panel is considered to be what?
A5: asynchronous
Title: God
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church; Theosophy; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism, which believes in panentheism; Sikhism; some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism, along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations. Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism, paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God—which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism, particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov—but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god, not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God.[citation needed]

Q1: What is Pantheism?
A1: God is the universe and the universe is God
Q2: WHat is Panentheism?
A2: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe
Q3: WHat is Kabbalah?
A3: Jewish mysticism
Q4: Who is the founder of Hasidic Judaism?
A4: The Baal Shem Tov
Q5: Who was the founder of Hasidic Judaism?
A5: The Baal Shem Tov
Q6: What is Panentheism?
A6: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe
Q7: What from of Hinduism does not believe in panentheism?
A7: Vaishnavism
Q8: What is another name for Jewish mysticism?
A8: Kabbalah
Q9: What is pantheism?
A9: God is the universe
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may have their surfaces polished by calendering. Coated papers are divided into matte, semi-matte or silk, and gloss. Gloss papers give the highest optical density in the printed image.

Q1: Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what?
A1: china clay
Q2: What process is done to polish the surface of the paper?
A2: calendering
Q3: What is the shiniest type of coated paper?
A3: Gloss
Q4: What papers give the best optical density?
A4: Gloss
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, and a number of industrial and construction processes.

Q1: What is a source for the particles in paper?
A1: wood
Q2: What is a common use for paper?
A2: writing
Q3: What is the last step in paper production?
A3: drying
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it has been cut from a larger sheet into four pieces. In the United States, printing paper is generally 20 lb, 24 lb, or 32 lb at most. Cover stock is generally 68 lb, and 110 lb or more is considered card stock.

Q1: What characteristic is paper usually classified by?
A1: weight
Q2: In the US, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale?
A2: a ream
Q3: Paper rated at over 110lb is considered what type of stock?
A3: card
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Paper made from mechanical pulp contains significant amounts of lignin, a major component in wood. In the presence of light and oxygen, lignin reacts to give yellow materials, which is why newsprint and other mechanical paper yellows with age. Paper made from bleached kraft or sulfite pulps does not contain significant amounts of lignin and is therefore better suited for books, documents and other applications where whiteness of the paper is essential.

Q1: What particle is associated with the yellowing of newspapers?
A1: lignin
Q2: A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood?
A2: lignin
Q3: What does lignin react to to produce the yellowing you see in newspapers?
A3: light and oxygen
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Paper made from wood pulp is not necessarily less durable than a rag paper. The ageing behavior of a paper is determined by its manufacture, not the original source of the fibres. Furthermore, tests sponsored by the Library of Congress prove that all paper is at risk of acid decay, because cellulose itself produces formic, acetic, lactic and oxalic acids.

Q1: Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay?
A1: Library of Congress
Q2: Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose produce?
A2: oxalic
Title: Paper
Topic: Natural sciences

Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year.

Q1: What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper?
A1: 40%
Q2: How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?
A2: 71.6 million
Q3: How many paper cups are used by Americans each year?
A3: 16 billion
Q4: How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day?
A4: 31
Title: States_of_Germany
Topic: Geography and places

Paragraph 6 of Article 29 stated that if a petition was successful a referendum should be held within three years. Since the deadline passed on 5 May 1958 without anything happening the Hesse state government filed a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court in October 1958. The complaint was dismissed in July 1961 on the grounds that Article 29 had made the new delimitation of the federal territory an exclusively federal matter. At the same time, the Court reaffirmed the requirement for a territorial revision as a binding order to the relevant constitutional bodies.

Q1: Paragraph 6 of Article 29 states that a referendum, in the event of a successful petition should be held within how many years?
A1: three
Q2: What did the Hesse state government due when the May 5, 1958 deadline passed?
A2: filed a constitutional complaint
Q3: When was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed?
A3: July 1961
Q4: On what grounds was the Hesse state government's complaint dismissed
A4: exclusively federal matter
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in Switzerland under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli. Zwingli was a scholar and preacher, who in 1518 moved to Zurich. Although the two movements agreed on many issues of theology, some unresolved differences kept them separate. A long-standing resentment between the German states and the Swiss Confederation led to heated debate over how much Zwingli owed his ideas to Lutheranism. The German Prince Philip of Hesse saw potential in creating an alliance between Zwingli and Luther. A meeting was held in his castle in 1529, now known as the Colloquy of Marburg, which has become infamous for its failure. The two men could not come to any agreement due to their disputation over one key doctrine.

Q1: Who began the Protestant movement in Switzerland?
A1: Huldrych Zwingli
Q2: Which two areas had a long history of resentment?
A2: the German states and the Swiss Confederation
Q3: What was the name of the meeting to make an alliance between Zwingli and Luther?
A3: the Colloquy of Marburg
Q4: What Prince hosted the Colloquy of Marburg?
A4: Prince Philip of Hesse
Q5: What did the Colloquy of Marburg become infamous for?
A5: its failure
Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Topic: History

Parallel to the military developments emerged also a constantly more elaborate chivalric code of conduct for the warrior class. This new-found ethos can be seen as a response to the diminishing military role of the aristocracy, and gradually it became almost entirely detached from its military origin. The spirit of chivalry was given expression through the new (secular) type of chivalric orders; the first of these was the Order of St. George, founded by Charles I of Hungary in 1325, while the best known was probably the English Order of the Garter, founded by Edward III in 1348.

Q1: What was the chivalric order established by Edward III in 1348?
A1: Order of the Garter
Q2: Who founded the Order of St. George?
A2: Charles I of Hungary
Q3: In what year was the Order of St. George founded?
A3: 1325
Q4: What was the code of conduct of the military orders called?
A4: chivalry
Q5: In what year was the Order of the Garter established?
A5: 1348
Title: Near_East
Topic: Geography and places

Parallel with the growth of specialized agencies for conducting or supporting statescraft in the second half of the 20th century has been the collection of resources for scholarship and research typically in university settings. Most universities teaching the liberal arts have library and museum collections. These are not new; however, the erection of these into "centres" of national and international interest in the second half of the 20th century have created larger databases not available to the scholars of the past. Many of these focus on the Ancient Near East or Near East in the sense of Ancient Near East.

Q1: What do most universities teaching liberal arts have? 
A1: library and museum collections
Q2: What has had parallel growth of in the 20th century?
A2: the collection of resources
Q3: What are these resources collected for?
A3: for scholarship and research
Title: Pain
Topic: Language and literature

Paraplegia, the loss of sensation and voluntary motor control after serious spinal cord damage, may be accompanied by girdle pain at the level of the spinal cord damage, visceral pain evoked by a filling bladder or bowel, or, in five to ten per cent of paraplegics, phantom body pain in areas of complete sensory loss. This phantom body pain is initially described as burning or tingling but may evolve into severe crushing or pinching pain, or the sensation of fire running down the legs or of a knife twisting in the flesh. Onset may be immediate or may not occur until years after the disabling injury. Surgical treatment rarely provides lasting relief.

Q1: What is paraplegia?
A1: loss of sensation and voluntary motor control
Q2: What can cause paraplegia?
A2: serious spinal cord damage,
Q3: What is the initial phantom body pain sensation experienced by people with spinal cord damage?
A3: burning or tingling
Q4: The sensation of a knife twisting in the flesh is an example of what type of pain?
A4: phantom body
Q5: What is an inefficient treatment for chronic pain which rarely provides any sort of true relief?
A5: Surgical
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

Parasites can at times be difficult to distinguish from grazers. Their feeding behavior is similar in many ways, however they are noted for their close association with their host species. While a grazing species such as an elephant may travel many kilometers in a single day, grazing on many plants in the process, parasites form very close associations with their hosts, usually having only one or at most a few in their lifetime. This close living arrangement may be described by the term symbiosis, "living together", but unlike mutualism the association significantly reduces the fitness of the host. Parasitic organisms range from the macroscopic mistletoe, a parasitic plant, to microscopic internal parasites such as cholera. Some species however have more loose associations with their hosts. Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) larvae may feed parasitically on only a single plant, or they may graze on several nearby plants. It is therefore wise to treat this classification system as a continuum rather than four isolated forms.

Q1: Species that rely on few or a single prey are called?
A1: Parasites
Q2: Predator and prey relationships that improve fitness for both species are classified as this type of relationship.
A2: mutualism
Q3: Give an example of an animal that will travel several miles in a single day.
A3: elephant
Q4: What plant associated with kissing during the holidays is also parasitic? 
A4: mistletoe
Q5: How are parasites distiguished from grazers?
A5: close association with their host species
Q6: How many hosts do parasites typically have?
A6: one or at most a few in their lifetime
Q7: How should parasite classification be viewed instead of as four isolated forms?
A7: a continuum
Q8: What does the term symbiosis mean?
A8: living together
Title: Predation
Topic: Natural sciences

Parasitoids are organisms living in or on their host and feeding directly upon it, eventually leading to its death. They are much like parasites in their close symbiotic relationship with their host or hosts. Like the previous two classifications parasitoid predators do not kill their hosts instantly. However, unlike parasites, they are very similar to true predators in that the fate of their prey is quite inevitably death. A well-known example of a parasitoids are the ichneumon wasps, solitary insects living a free life as an adult, then laying eggs on or in another species such as a caterpillar. Its larva(e) feed on the growing host causing it little harm at first, but soon devouring the internal organs until finally destroying the nervous system resulting in prey death. By this stage the young wasp(s) are developed sufficiently to move to the next stage in their life cycle. Though limited mainly to the insect order Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera parasitoids make up as much as 10% of all insect species.

Q1: This species relies on other species to provide a reproductive host for their offspring.
A1: ichneumon wasps
Q2: It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population? 
A2: 10%
Q3: During a parasitoid-host interaction what will happen to the host?
A3: death
Q4: What is the term given to organisms living and feeding on their host?
A4: Parasitoids
Q5: How many organisms in the insect species are Diptera or Cleoptera parasitoids?
A5: 10%
Q6: Which type of wasp is a well-known example of a parasitoid?
A6: ichneumon
Q7: How do the larvae of the parasitoid wasps kill their prey?
A7: devouring the internal organs until finally destroying the nervous system
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris and its close suburbs is home to numerous newspapers, magazines and publications including Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, Le Nouvel Observateur, Le Canard enchaîné, La Croix, Pariscope, Le Parisien (in Saint-Ouen), Les Échos, Paris Match (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Réseaux & Télécoms, Reuters France, and L'Officiel des Spectacles. France's two most prestigious newspapers, Le Monde and Le Figaro, are the centrepieces of the Parisian publishing industry. Agence France-Presse is France's oldest, and one of the world's oldest, continually operating news agencies. AFP, as it is colloquially abbreviated, maintains its headquarters in Paris, as it has since 1835. France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris. Another news agency is France Diplomatie, owned and operated by the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, and pertains solely to diplomatic news and occurrences.

Q1: What are France's two most prestigious newspapers?
A1: Le Monde and Le Figaro
Q2: What is France's oldest operating news agency?
A2: Agence
Q3: When did Agence open in Paris?
A3: 1835
Q4: What television station is operated by the French government?
A4: France 24
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris and its region host the headquarters of several international organisations including UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce, the Paris Club, the European Space Agency, the International Energy Agency, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the European Union Institute for Security Studies, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Exhibition Bureau and the International Federation for Human Rights.

Q1: Where is the headquarters for UNESCO?
A1: Paris
Q2: Where is the head quarters for the International Federation for Human Rights?
A2: Paris
Q3: Where is the head quarters for the European Space Agency?
A3: Paris
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Each year, however, there are a few days where the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Some years have even witnessed long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, surged up to 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night. More recently, the average temperature for July 2011 was 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), with an average minimum temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) and an average maximum temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F).

Q1: Which current affects Paris' weather?
A1: North Atlantic Current
Q2: How is Paris' climate categorized?
A2: mild and moderately wet
Q3: What are the average temperatures for summer?
A3: between 15 and 25 °C
Q4: What was the average temperature for July 2011?
A4: 17.6 °C
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris has been an international capital of high fashion since the 19th century, particularly in the domain of haute couture, clothing hand-made to order for private clients. It is home of some of the largest fashion houses in the world, including Dior and Chanel, and of many well-known fashion designers, including Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Christophe Josse and Christian Lacroix. Paris Fashion Week, held in January and July in the Carrousel du Louvre and other city locations, is among the top four events of the international fashion calendar, along with the fashion weeks in Milan, London and New York. Paris is also the home of the world's largest cosmetics company, L'Oréal, and three of the five top global makers of luxury fashion accessories; Louis Vuitton, Hermés and Cartier.

Q1: What is clothing made to order for private clients called?
A1: haute couture
Q2: Dior is from which city?
A2: Paris
Q3: In what century did Paris become largely into fashion?
A3: 19th
Q4: What is the world's largest cosmetic company?
A4: L'Oréal
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris hosts one of the largest science museums in Europe, the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie at La Villette. The National Museum of Natural History, on the Left Bank, is famous for its dinosaur artefacts, mineral collections, and its Gallery of Evolution. The military history of France, from the Middle Ages to World War II, is vividly presented by displays at the Musée de l'Armée at Les Invalides, near the tomb of Napoleon. In addition to the national museums, run by the French Ministry of Culture, the City of Paris operates 14 museums, including the Carnavalet Museum on the history of Paris; Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris; Palais de Tokyo; the House of Victor Hugo and House of Balzac, and the Catacombs of Paris. There are also notable private museums; The Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation, designed by architect Frank Gehry, opened in October 2014 in the Bois de Boulogne.

Q1: What museum is famous for its dinosaur artifacts?
A1: The National Museum of Natural History
Q2: When did THe Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation open?
A2: October 2014
Q3: What famous landmark is Mysee de l'Armee lat Les Invalides located ner?
A3: the tomb of Napoleon
Q4: How many museums does the city of Paris operate?
A4: 14
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that brought water from locations all around the city to several reservoirs built atop the Capital's highest points of elevation. From then on, the new reservoir system became Paris' principal source of drinking water, and the remains of the old system, pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs, were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris' streets. This system is still a major part of Paris' modern water-supply network. Today Paris has more than 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris' liquid wastes.

Q1: WHen did the Canal de l'Ourcq start providing Paris with water?
A1: 1809
Q2: Who was Eugene Belgrand under?
A2: Napoleon III
Q3: How many km of underground passageways are dedicated to teh evacuationof Paris' waste liquids?
A3: 2,400
Q4: Who created Paris' reservoir system?
A4: Eugène Belgrand
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris is a city of books and bookstores. In the 1970s, 80 percent of French-language publishing houses were found in Paris, almost all on the Left Bank in the 5th, 6th and 7th arrondissements. Since that time, because of high prices, some publishers have moved out to the less expensive areas. It is also a city of small bookstores; There are about 150 bookstores in the 5th arrondissement alone, plus another 250 book stalls along the Seine. Small Paris bookstores are protected against competition from discount booksellers by French law; books, even e-books, cannot be discounted more than five percent below their publisher's cover price.

Q1: What percentage of french publishing houses were in Paris in the 1970s?
A1: 80
Q2: Approximately how many bookstores are located in the 5th arrondissement?
A2: 150
Q3: How many bookstalls are located along the Seine?
A3: 250
Q4: What is the maximum amount a publishers book can be discounted?
A4: five percent
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 4th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly and Beauvais-Tillé. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers in 2014. There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.

Q1: Where is the 4th busiest international air transport hub in the world?
A1: Paris
Q2: How many passengers did Paris see in 2014?
A2: 96.5 million
Q3: What is the oldest air port in Paris?
A3: Paris-Le Bourget
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris is a major rail, highway, and air transport hub. The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF), formerly Syndicat des transports parisiens (STP), oversees the transit network in the region. The syndicate coordinates public transport and contracts it out to the RATP (operating 347 bus lines, the Métro, eight tramway lines, and sections of the RER), the SNCF (operating suburban rails, one tramway line and the other sections of the RER) and the Optile consortium of private operators managing 1,176 bus lines.

Q1: Who oversees the transit network in Paris?
A1: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France
Q2: What was the STIF formerly known as?
A2: Syndicat des transports parisiens
Q3: How many bus lines does the STIF oversee?
A3: 347
Q4: How many bus lines does the Optile Consortium manage?
A4: 1,176
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. Paris played host to the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics, the 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, and the 2007 Rugby World Cup. Every July, the Tour de France of cycling finishes in the city.

Q1: What is the name of the football club in Paris?
A1: Paris Saint-Germain
Q2: What is the name of the rugby union in Paris?
A2: Stade Français
Q3: How many seats are in Stade de France?
A3: 80,000
Q4: In what year did Paris host the World Cup?
A4: 2007
Q5: In what month is the Tour de France?
A5: July
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris is located in northern central France. By road it is 450 kilometres (280 mi) south-east of London, 287 kilometres (178 mi) south of Calais, 305 kilometres (190 mi) south-west of Brussels, 774 kilometres (481 mi) north of Marseille, 385 kilometres (239 mi) north-east of Nantes, and 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-east of Rouen. Paris is located in the north-bending arc of the river Seine and includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream of the city, established around 7600 BC. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river. Overall, the city is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft). Montmartre gained its name from the martyrdom of Saint Denis, first bishop of Paris, atop the Mons Martyrum, "Martyr's mound", in 250.

Q1: Where in France is Paris located?
A1: northern central
Q2: How many kilometers is it away from London?
A2: 450
Q3: What major river is located in Paris?
A3: Seine
Q4: What is the largest island in Paris?
A4: Île de la Cité
Q5: What is the largest hill in Paris?
A5: Montmartre
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th century); the Sainte-Chapelle (13th century); the Eiffel Tower (1889); and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre (1914). In 2014 Paris received 22.4 million visitors, making it one of the world's top tourist destinations. Paris is also known for its fashion, particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants. Most of France's major universities and grandes écoles are located in Paris, as are France's major newspapers, including Le Monde, Le Figaro, and Libération.

Q1: What is the most visited art museum in the world?
A1: Louvre
Q2: what is the Musee de Orsay known for?
A2: French Impressionist art
Q3: In what year was the Eiffel Tower built?
A3: 1889
Q4: How many visitors did Paris receive in 2014?
A4: 22.4 million
Q5: In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built?
A5: 12th
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks and gardens, covering more than 3,000 hectares and containing more than 250,000 trees. Two of Paris' oldest and most famous gardens are the Tuileries Garden, created in 1564 for the Tuileries Palace, and redone by André Le Nôtre between 1664 and 1672, and the Luxembourg Garden, for the Luxembourg Palace, built for Marie de' Medici in 1612, which today houses the French Senate. The Jardin des Plantes was the first botanical garden in Paris, created in 1626 by Louis XIII's doctor Guy de La Brosse for the cultivation of medicinal plants.

Q1: How many municipal parks and gardens does Paris have?
A1: 421
Q2: When was the Tuileries Garden created?
A2: 1564
Q3: Who redid the Tuileries Garden in 1664?
A3: André Le Nôtre
Q4: Who was the Luxembourg palace built for?
A4: Marie de' Medici
Q5: Who created the Jarden des Plantes?
A5: Guy de La Brosse
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony of artists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of the times: Manet, Monet, Berthe Morisot, Gauguin, Renoir and others. The French Revolution and political and social change in France had a profound influence on art in the capital. Paris was central to the development of Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault. Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Fauvism Cubism and Art Deco movements all evolved in Paris. In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name for themselves. Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and many others became associated with Paris. Picasso, living in Montmartre, painted his famous La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon between 1905 and 1907. Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production.

Q1: What type of art did Paris help develop with painters like Gericault?
A1: Romanticism
Q2: In what town did Picasso live?
A2: Montmartre
Q3: What two towns were pinnacle for artistic production?
A3: Montmartre and Montparnasse
Q4: Between what two years did Picasso paint La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?
A4: 1905 and 1907
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris' disconnect with its suburbs, its lack of suburban transportation in particular, became all too apparent with the Paris agglomeration's growth. Paul Delouvrier promised to resolve the Paris-suburbs mésentente when he became head of the Paris region in 1961: two of his most ambitious projects for the Region were the construction of five suburban villes nouvelles ("new cities") and the RER commuter train network. Many other suburban residential districts (grands ensembles) were built between the 1960s and 1970s to provide a low-cost solution for a rapidly expanding population: these districts were socially mixed at first, but few residents actually owned their homes (the growing economy made these accessible to the middle classes only from the 1970s). Their poor construction quality and their haphazard insertion into existing urban growth contributed to their desertion by those able to move elsewhere and their repopulation by those with more limited possibilities.

Q1: When did Paul Delouvrier become the head of the Paris region?
A1: 1961
Q2: What was a major problem with Paris being disconnected from its suburbs?
A2: lack of suburban transportation
Q3: How many suburban villes nouvelles did Paul Delouvrier constuct?
A3: five
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades. Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp decline: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64 percent between 1990 and 2010, and the Paris region lost 48 percent during the same period. Most of this is due to companies relocating outside the Paris region. The Paris region's 800 aerospace companies employed 100,000. Four hundred automobile industry companies employ another 100,000 workers: many of these are centred in the Yvelines department around the Renault and PSA-Citroen plants (this department alone employs 33,000), but the industry as a whole suffered a major loss with the 2014 closing of a major Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen assembly plant.

Q1: How many manufacturing workers does Paris have?
A1: 75,000
Q2: What does Paris region manufacturing specialize in?
A2: transportation
Q3: How much of a drop was there in manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 2010?
A3: 64
Q4: How many people does the Paris regions aerospace companies employ?
A4: 100,000
Q5: The closing of what plant in 20147 caused a major loss to the automobile industry?
A5: Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris' most popular sport clubs are the association football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. It is used for football, rugby union and track and field athletics. It hosts the French national football team for friendlies and major tournaments qualifiers, annually hosts the French national rugby team's home matches of the Six Nations Championship, and hosts several important matches of the Stade Français rugby team. In addition to Paris Saint-Germain FC, the city has a number of other amateur football clubs: Paris FC, Red Star, RCF Paris and Stade Français Paris.

Q1: How many seats are in the State de France?
A1: 80,000
Q2: What was the State de France built for?
A2: 1998 FIFA World Cup
Q3: What is the most popular football club in Paris?
A3: Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
Q4: What is the rugby club in Paris?
A4: Stade Français
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned. In recent developments, a 1974-2010 building height limitation of 37 metres (121 ft) was raised to 50 m (160 ft) in central areas and 180 metres (590 ft) in some of Paris' peripheral quarters, yet for some of the city's more central quarters, even older building-height laws still remain in effect. The 210 metres (690 ft) Montparnasse tower was both Paris and France's tallest building until 1973, but this record has been held by the La Défense quarter Tour First tower in Courbevoie since its 2011 construction. A new project for La Defense, called Hermitage Plaza, launched in 2009, proposes to build two towers, 85 and 86 stories or 320 metres high, which would be the tallest buildings in the European Union, just slightly shorter than the Eiffel Tower. They were scheduled for completion in 2019 or 2020, but as of January 2015 construction had not yet begun, and there were questions in the press about the future of the project.

Q1: What is the current height limitation in Paris in central areas?
A1: 50 m
Q2: Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building?
A2: Montparnasse
Q3: What is the name of the project for La Defense called that has not yet been started?
A3: Hermitage Plaza
Q4: When was the Hermitage Plaza launched?
A4: 2009
Q5: How many towers were planned to be built?
A5: two
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).

Q1: When was La Madeleine built?
A1: 1808-1842
Q2: When was teh Palais Garnier Opera House built?
A2: 1875
Q3: When was the Eiffel Tower built?
A3: 1889
Q4: Who built the art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation?
A4: Frank Gehry
Q5: Who built the Louvre Pyramid?
A5: I.M. Pei
Title: Paris
Topic: Geography and places

Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment. French cinema comes a close second, with major directors (réalisateurs) such as Claude Lelouch, Jean-Luc Godard, and Luc Besson, and the more slapstick/popular genre with director Claude Zidi as an example. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated. On 2 February 2000, Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.

Q1: Who realied the first digital cinema projection in Europe?
A1: Philippe Binant
Q2: Who developed the technology for the digital cinema projection?
A2: Texas Instruments
Q3: What types of films are most popular in Paris?
A3: Hollywood-generated
Q4: When was the first digital cinema projection in Europe?
A4: 2 February 2000