LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Topic: History

An unconventional power succession system was established (rota system) whereby power was transferred to the eldest member of the ruling dynasty rather than from father to son, i.e. in most cases to the eldest brother of the ruler, fomenting constant hatred and rivalry within the royal family.[citation needed] Familicide was frequently deployed in obtaining power and can be traced particularly during the time of the Yaroslavichi rule (sons of Yaroslav) when the established system was skipped in the establishment of Vladimir II Monomakh as the Grand Prince of Kiev,[clarification needed] in turn creating major squabbles between Olegovichi from Chernihiv, Monomakhs from Pereyaslav, Izyaslavichi from Turov/Volhynia, and Polotsk Princes.[citation needed]

Q1: What was the name of the UN-conventional system that was implemented?
A1: rota system
Q2: What did the rota system do?
A2: power was transferred to the eldest member
Q3: What was often deployed when trying to gain power?
A3: Familicide
Title: Daylight_saving_time
Topic: Engineering and technology

An unexpected adverse effect of daylight saving time may lie in the fact that an extra part of morning rush hour traffic occurs before dawn and traffic emissions then cause higher air pollution than during daylight hours.

Q1: Do emissions from vehicle exhaust cause lower or higher pollution before dawn?
A1: higher
Q2: Does DST mean more rush hour traffic is on the road before dawn or after?
A2: before dawn
Q3: What kind of pollution is caused by emissions from cars while they're sitting in traffic?
A3: air pollution
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

An unholy alliance is a coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups for ad hoc or hidden gain, generally some influential non-governmental group forming ties with political parties, supplying funding in exchange for the favorable treatment. Like patronage, unholy alliances are not necessarily illegal, but unlike patronage, by its deceptive nature and often great financial resources, an unholy alliance can be much more dangerous to the public interest. An early use of the term was by former US President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt:

Q1: When groups that are antagonistic to each other form a coalition for hidden gain, it is called what?
A1: unholy alliance
Q2: While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what?
A2: patronage
Title: Windows_8
Topic: Engineering and technology

An upgrade to Windows 8 known as Windows 8.1 was officially announced by Microsoft on May 14, 2013. Following a presentation devoted to the upgrade at Build 2013, a public beta version of the upgrade was released on June 26, 2013. Windows 8.1 was released to OEM hardware partners on August 27, 2013, and released publicly as a free download through Windows Store on October 17, 2013. Volume license customers and subscribers to MSDN Plus and TechNet Plus were initially unable to obtain the RTM version upon its release; a spokesperson said the policy was changed to allow Microsoft to work with OEMs "to ensure a quality experience at general availability." However, after criticism, Microsoft reversed its decision and released the RTM build on MSDN and TechNet on September 9, 2013.

Q1: When was Windows 8.1 introduced?
A1: May 14, 2013
Q2: When did Microsoft release the beta version of Windows 8.1?
A2: June 26, 2013
Q3: When did MSDN and TechNet users gain access to Windows 8.1?
A3: September 9, 2013
Title: Oklahoma_City
Topic: Geography and places

An upscale lifestyle publication called Slice Magazine is circulated throughout the metropolitan area. In addition, there is a magazine published by Back40 Design Group called The Edmond Outlook. It contains local commentary and human interest pieces direct-mailed to over 50,000 Edmond residents.

Q1: What is the name of the lifestyle magazine?
A1: Slice Magazine
Q2: What is another magazine that is published in Oklahoma City?
A2: Back40
Title: Sahara
Topic: Geography and places

An urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields. The Garamantes grew populous and strong, conquering their neighbors and capturing many slaves (which were put to work extending the tunnels). The ancient Greeks and the Romans knew of the Garamantes and regarded them as uncivilized nomads. However, they traded with the Garamantes, and a Roman bath has been found in the Garamantes capital of Garama. Archaeologists have found eight major towns and many other important settlements in the Garamantes territory. The Garamantes civilization eventually collapsed after they had depleted available water in the aquifers and could no longer sustain the effort to extend the tunnels further into the mountains.

Q1: What time period did the Garamantes arrive in?
A1: 500 BCE
Q2: What did the Garamantes do in order to bring water to   their crops?
A2: digging tunnels
Q3: How many towns are believed to be found by   Archaeologists?
A3: eight major towns
Q4: What was the reason for the collapse of the Garamantes   civilization?
A4: depleted available water
Title: Santa_Monica,_California
Topic: Geography and places

An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish the groundwater supply. The groundwater supply in turn plays an important role in the city's Sustainable Water Master Plan, whereby Santa Monica has set a goal of attaining 100% water independence by 2020. The city has numerous programs designed to promote water conservation among residents, including a rebate of $1.50 per square foot for those who convert water intensive lawns to more local drought-tolerant gardens that require less water.

Q1: What is the name of the urban runoff facility?
A1: (SMURFF)
Q2: How many gallons of water does (SMURFF) treat every week?
A2: 3.5 million
Q3: Santa Monica plans on water independence by what year?
A3: 2020
Q4: How much money do residents get back for participating in water conservation per square foot?
A4: $1.50
Q5: If (SMURFF) did not collect water where would it go?
A5: into the bay
Title: High-definition_television
Topic: Engineering and technology

Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market.

Q1: W-VHS recorders are capable of recording what kinds of signals?
A1: analog HD
Q2: What kind of recorder is no longer produced for the consumer market?
A2: Analog tape
Q3: In the secondary market, analog tape recorders are considered what?
A3: expensive and scarce
Title: Lighting
Topic: Engineering and technology

Analysis of lighting quality particularly emphasizes use of natural lighting, but also considers spectral content if artificial light is to be used. Not only will greater reliance on natural light reduce energy consumption, but will favorably impact human health and performance. New studies have shown that the performance of students is influenced by the time and duration of daylight in their regular schedules. Designing school facilities to incorporate the right types of light at the right time of day for the right duration may improve student performance and well-being. Similarly, designing lighting systems that maximize the right amount of light at the appropriate time of day for the elderly may help relieve symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. The human circadian system is entrained to a 24-hour light-dark pattern that mimics the earth’s natural light/dark pattern. When those patterns are disrupted, they disrupt the natural circadian cycle. Circadian disruption may lead to numerous health problems including breast cancer, seasonal affective disorder, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and other ailments.

Q1: Maximizing the right amount of light at the appropriate time for elderly may help systems of what? 
A1: Alzheimer's Disease
Q2: The human circadian system is entrained to how many hours light-dark pattern?
A2: 24
Q3: What happens to the natural carcidan cycle when light-dark patterns are disrupted?
A3: disrupt the natural circadian cycle
Title: Federalism
Topic: History

Anarchists are against the State but are not against political organization or "governance"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy. The mode of political organization preferred by anarchists, in general, is federalism or confederalism.[citation needed] However, the anarchist definition of federalism tends to differ from the definition of federalism assumed by pro-state political scientists. The following is a brief description of federalism from section I.5 of An Anarchist FAQ:

Q1: What are anarchists against? 
A1: State
Q2: What are anarchists not against? 
A2: not against political organization or "governance"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy.
Q3: What mode of government does the anarchists prefer? 
A3: federalism or confederalism
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

Ancient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thumb were used to build rectilinear structures, and the post and lintel architecture of Egypt. Egypt was also a center of alchemy research for much of the Mediterranean.The Edwin Smith papyrus is one of the first medical documents still extant, and perhaps the earliest document that attempts to describe and analyse the brain: it might be seen as the very beginnings of modern neuroscience. However, while Egyptian medicine had some effective practices, it was not without its ineffective and sometimes harmful practices. Medical historians believe that ancient Egyptian pharmacology, for example, was largely ineffective. Nevertheless, it applies the following components to the treatment of disease: examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, which display strong parallels to the basic empirical method of science and according to G. E. R. Lloyd played a significant role in the development of this methodology. The Ebers papyrus (c. 1550 BC) also contains evidence of traditional empiricism.

Q1: Which civilization advanced in astronomy, mathematics, and medicine?
A1: Ancient Egypt
Q2: What did Egyptians use to better organize their farmland?
A2: geometry
Q3: What theory did the Egyptians use to build rectilinear structures?
A3: The 3-4-5 right triangle
Q4: What research was Egypt known for?
A4: alchemy
Q5: What is the name of the earliest medical document?
A5: The Edwin Smith papyrus
Title: Hellenistic_period
Topic: History

Ancient Greece had traditionally been a fractious collection of fiercely independent city-states. After the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Greece had fallen under a Spartan hegemony, in which Sparta was pre-eminent but not all-powerful. Spartan hegemony was succeeded by a Theban one after the Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), but after the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), all of Greece was so weakened that no one state could claim pre-eminence. It was against this backdrop, that the ascendancy of Macedon began, under king Philip II. Macedon was located at the periphery of the Greek world, and although its royal family claimed Greek descent, the Macedonians themselves were looked down upon as semi-barbaric by the rest of the Greeks. However, Macedon had a relatively strong and centralised government, and compared to most Greek states, directly controlled a large area.

Q1: When was the Peloponnesian War?
A1: 431–404 BC
Q2: What hegemoney replaced Sparta after the Battle of Leuctra?
A2: Theban
Q3: When was the Battle of Leuctra?
A3: 371 BC
Q4: When was the Battle of Mantinea?
A4: 362 BC
Q5: Which king lend the rise of Macedon?
A5: Philip II
Title: Materialism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, and all phenomena result from different motions and conglomerations of base material particles called "atoms" (literally: "indivisibles"). De Rerum Natura provides mechanistic explanations for phenomena such as erosion, evaporation, wind, and sound. Famous principles like "nothing can touch body but body" first appeared in the works of Lucretius. Democritus and Epicurus however did not hold to a monist ontology since they held to the ontological separation of matter and space i.e. space being "another kind" of being, indicating that the definition of "materialism" is wider than given scope for in this article.

Q1: De Rerum Natura is a poem by who?
A1: Lucretius
Q2: What kinf of explanation does De Rerum Natura provide for phenomena?
A2: mechanistic explanations
Title: Hindu_philosophy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Ancient and medieval Hindu texts identify six pramāṇas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts) Each of these are further categorized in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error, by each school . The various schools vary on how many of these six are valid paths of knowledge. For example, the Cārvāka nāstika philosophy holds that only one (perception) is an epistemically reliable means of knowledge, the Samkhya school holds three are (perception, inference and testimony), while the Mīmāṃsā and Advaita schools hold all six are epistemically useful and reliable means to knowledge.

Q1: What do ancient Hindu writings identify as the means to knowledge and truth?
A1: pramāṇas
Q2: How many pramanas are there in Hindu philosophy?
A2: six
Q3: What is the pramanas for perception?
A3: pratyakṣa
Q4: What Hindu philosohy is concerned with inference?
A4: anumāṇa
Q5: Which pramanas is understanding of experts?
A5: śabda
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.

Q1: How long ago were rock paintings found in Somalia created?
A1: 5000 years
Q2: Where are the most notable rock paintings located?
A2: the Laas Geel complex
Q3: Along with animals, what is depicted on the rock paintings of Laas Geel?
A3: human figures
Q4: Where does a notable rock painting of a man on horseback exist?
A4: the northern Dhambalin region
Q5: In what geographic part of Somalia are these rock paintings commonly found?
A5: northern
Title: Gregorian_calendar
Topic: Mathematics

Ancient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by Petrus Pitatus of Verona in 1560. He noted that it is consistent with the tropical year of the Alfonsine tables and with the mean tropical year of Copernicus (De revolutionibus) and Reinhold (Prutenic tables). The three mean tropical years in Babylonian sexagesimals as the excess over 365 days (the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude) were 14,33,9,57 (Alphonsine), 14,33,11,12 (Copernicus) and 14,33,9,24 (Reinhold). All values are the same to two places (14:33) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year. Thus Pitatus' solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.

Q1: Who was the architect of the Gregorian calendar?
A1: Christopher Clavius
Q2: What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables?
A2: discrepancies
Q3: Whose solution to the discrepancies of the tables would have been agreeable to astronomers?
A3: Petrus Pitatus
Q4: When did Pitatus offer his solution to the leap year problem?
A4: 1560
Q5: What is the theory about leap year called?
A5: Gregorian leap year rule
Title: Sexual_orientation
Topic: Natural sciences

Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia) are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual attraction, as an alternative to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. They are used for identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject. Related terms such as pansexual and polysexual do not make any such assignations to the subject. People may also use terms such as queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual, or personalized identities such as byke or biphilic.

Q1: What science terms are used to describe sexual attraction?
A1: Androphilia and gynephilia
Q2: These terms are an alternative to what conceptualization?
A2: to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization
Q3: What are these terms not attributing to the subject/person being described?
A3: a sex assignment or gender identity
Q4: What are other terms that do not make similar assignments?
A4: pansexual and polysexual
Q5: What are other terms used in the same vein as pansexual?
A5: queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual
Q6: Which terms are used in describing sexual desires?
A6: Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia
Q7: What are two other words for androphilia and gynephlia?
A7: homosexual and heterosexual
Q8: What are the terms androphilia and gynephial use for?
A8: identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject
Q9: What are other common words that people may use for homosexual and heterosexual people?
A9: queer, pansensual, polyfidelitous, ambisexual, or personalized identities such as byke or biphilic.
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Angels in the Outfield was Eisenhower's favorite movie. His favorite reading material for relaxation were the Western novels of Zane Grey. With his excellent memory and ability to focus, Eisenhower was skilled at card games. He learned poker, which he called his "favorite indoor sport," in Abilene. Eisenhower recorded West Point classmates' poker losses for payment after graduation, and later stopped playing because his opponents resented having to pay him. A classmate reported that after learning to play contract bridge at West Point, Eisenhower played the game six nights a week for five months.

Q1: What was Eisenhower's favorite film?
A1: Angels in the Outfield
Q2: Who was Eisenhower's favorite author?
A2: Zane Grey
Q3: What genre did Zane Grey write in?
A3: Western
Q4: Where did Eisenhower learn to play poker?
A4: Abilene
Q5: At West Point, what game did Eisenhower play six nights a week for five months?
A5: contract bridge
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Anglicanism comprises the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English Church. There is no single "Anglican Church" with universal juridical authority, since each national or regional church has full autonomy. As the name suggests, the communion is an association of churches in full communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. The great majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican Communion, which has 80 million adherents.

Q1: What does Anglican mean?
A1: the English Church
Q2: When did the word Anglican begin?
A2: 1246
Q3: Who do the Anglican churches have communion with?
A3: the Archbishop of Canterbury
Q4: How many Anglican Communion members are there in the world?
A4: 80 million
Q5: What power does each national or regional church possess?
A5: full autonomy
Title: British_Isles
Topic: Geography and places

Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century AD. Initially, their arrival seems to have been at the invitation of the Britons as mercenaries to repulse incursions by the Hiberni and Picts. In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of southern Great Britain, though recent genetic evidence suggests Britons still formed the bulk of the population. This dominance creating what is now England and leaving culturally British enclaves only in the north of what is now England, in Cornwall and what is now known as Wales. Ireland had been unaffected by the Romans except, significantly, having been Christianised, traditionally by the Romano-Briton, Saint Patrick. As Europe, including Britain, descended into turmoil following the collapse of Roman civilisation, an era known as the Dark Ages, Ireland entered a golden age and responded with missions (first to Great Britain and then to the continent), the founding of monasteries and universities. These were later joined by Anglo-Saxon missions of a similar nature.

Q1: Which people arrived in the British Isles when the Roman Empire's power was diminishing?
A1: Anglo-Saxons
Q2: What area did the Anglo-Saxons begin to dominate in the British Isles?
A2: southern Great Britain
Q3: What happened to the British Isles and Europe after the Roman Empire ended?
A3: the Dark Ages
Q4: What era did Ireland enter when the Roman Empire ended?
A4: golden age
Q5: What did the Irish build during the Golden Age?
A5: monasteries and universities
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Animal intestines contain a large population of gut flora. In humans, the four dominant phyla are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. They are essential to digestion and are also affected by food that is consumed. Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing vitamin B12; and defending against some infectious diseases.

Q1: Where could one find a large population of gut flora?
A1: Animal intestines
Q2: What term collectively describes "Firmicutes" and "Bacteroidetes" among others?
A2: phyla
Q3: What is the importance of having phyla in the body?
A3: essential to digestion
Q4: What role specifically in digestion do bacteria in the gut have?
A4: breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food
Q5: Which vitamin are the bacteria present in the gut responsible for producing?
A5: vitamin B12
Title: Nutrition
Topic: Agriculture, food, and drink

Animal tissue consists of elements and compounds ingested, digested, absorbed, and circulated through the bloodstream to feed the cells of the body. Except in the unborn fetus, the digestive system is the first system involved[vague]. Digestive juices break chemical bonds in ingested molecules, and modify their conformations and energy states. Though some molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, digestive processes release them from the matrix of foods. Unabsorbed matter, along with some waste products of metabolism, is eliminated from the body in the feces.

Q1: Through what part of the body are nutrients transported to feed cells?
A1: bloodstream
Q2: In which specific circumstance is the digestive system not the first system involved in nutrient processing?
A2: unborn fetus
Q3: What is able to break bonds in ingested molecules?
A3: Digestive juices
Q4: Molecules that are released from ingested foods are done so through which process?
A4: digestive processes
Q5: Through which manner are unabsorbed matter and waste products excreted?
A5: feces
Title: Flowering_plant
Topic: Natural sciences

Animals are also involved in the distribution of seeds. Fruit, which is formed by the enlargement of flower parts, is frequently a seed-dispersal tool that attracts animals to eat or otherwise disturb it, incidentally scattering the seeds it contains (see frugivory). Although many such mutualistic relationships remain too fragile to survive competition and to spread widely, flowering proved to be an unusually effective means of reproduction, spreading (whatever its origin) to become the dominant form of land plant life.

Q1: What are animals also a part of?
A1: distribution of seeds
Q2: What did the enlargement of flower parts evolve to form?
A2: Fruit
Q3: What does a plant get out of forming fruit?
A3: seed-dispersal
Q4: What are many mutualistic relationships, thus failing to survive competition? 
A4: fragile
Q5: What turned out to be unusually effective for plants to reproduce?
A5: flowering
Title: Animal
Topic: Natural sciences

Animals are generally considered to have evolved from a flagellated eukaryote. Their closest known living relatives are the choanoflagellates, collared flagellates that have a morphology similar to the choanocytes of certain sponges. Molecular studies place animals in a supergroup called the opisthokonts, which also include the choanoflagellates, fungi and a few small parasitic protists. The name comes from the posterior location of the flagellum in motile cells, such as most animal spermatozoa, whereas other eukaryotes tend to have anterior flagella.

Q1: It is believed that animals evolved from what?
A1: a flagellated eukaryote
Q2: What are the closest known living relatives of animals?
A2: choanoflagellates
Q3: What is the name of the supergroup that animals have been placed in by molecular studies?
A3: opisthokonts
Q4: The opisthokonts also include what other organisms?
A4: choanoflagellates, fungi and a few small parasitic protists
Q5: Where does the name opisthokonts come from?
A5: the posterior location of the flagellum in motile cells
Title: Animal
Topic: Natural sciences

Animals have several characteristics that set them apart from other living things. Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular, which separates them from bacteria and most protists. They are heterotrophic, generally digesting food in an internal chamber, which separates them from plants and algae. They are also distinguished from plants, algae, and fungi by lacking rigid cell walls. All animals are motile, if only at certain life stages. In most animals, embryos pass through a blastula stage, which is a characteristic exclusive to animals.

Q1: What sets animals apart from bacteria  and most protists?
A1: Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular
Q2: What are organisms called that digest food in an internal chamber?
A2: heterotrophic
Q3: What is another way in which animals are distinguished from plants and algae?
A3: lacking rigid cell walls
Q4: The blastula stage is a characteristic exclusive to what organism?
A4: animals
Title: Appalachian_Mountains
Topic: Geography and places

Animals that characterize the Appalachian forests include five species of tree squirrels. The most commonly seen is the low to moderate elevation eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Occupying similar habitat is the slightly larger fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and the much smaller southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans). More characteristic of cooler northern and high elevation habitat is the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), whereas the Appalachian northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus), which closely resembles the southern flying squirrel, is confined to northern hardwood and spruce-fir forests.

Q1: How many species of tree squirrel are commonly found in the range?
A1: five species
Q2: What is the most commonly seen species?
A2: gray squirrel
Q3: What does the squirrel share its habitat with?
A3: larger fox squirrel
Q4: What is found more in the northern portions?
A4: red squirrel
Q5: Which species is commonly found more in spruce-fir forests?
A5: Appalachian northern flying squirrel
Title: Green
Topic: Language and literature

Animals typically use the color green as camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Green animals include, especially, amphibians, reptiles, and some fish, birds and insects. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be affected by the surrounding environment. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates such as insects or mollusks often display green colors because of porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Humans have imitated this by wearing green clothing as a camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include biliverdin, the green pigment in bile, and ceruloplasmin, a protein that carries copper ions in chelation.

Q1: How do animals typically use the color green?
A1: camouflage
Q2: Why do most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green?
A2: reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment
Q3: What is a chemical that can cause green hue in birds?
A3: Turacoverdin
Q4: What is a protein that carries copper ions in chelation?
A4: ceruloplasmin
Q5: What is the green pigment in bile called?
A5: biliverdin
Title: Adult_contemporary_music
Topic: Music

Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.

Q1: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?
A1: mainstream AC
Q2: What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?
A2: smooth jazz
Q3: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?
A3: the weekends
Q4: What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?
A4: Smooth AC
Q5: What was the smooth jazz format renamed?
A5: to lure younger listeners
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-numbered and five in odd-numbered years). Two council members are elected from each of the city's five wards. The mayor is elected citywide. The mayor is the presiding officer of the City Council and has the power to appoint all Council committee members as well as board and commission members, with the approval of the City Council. The current mayor of Ann Arbor is Christopher Taylor, a Democrat who was elected as mayor in 2014. Day-to-day city operations are managed by a city administrator chosen by the city council.

Q1: What form of government does Ann Arbor have?
A1: council-manager
Q2: How many voting members are there in the city- council?
A2: 11
Q3: How many terms does the mayor of the city serve?
A3: two-year
Q4: Who is elected every even numbered year?
A4: mayor
Q5: How many council members are elected for the city's ward?
A5: Two
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor has a long history of openness to marijuana, given Ann Arbor's decriminalization of cannabis, the large number of medical marijuana dispensaries in the city (one dispensary, called People's Co-op, was directly across the street from Michigan Stadium until zoning forced it to move one mile to the west), the large number of pro-marijuana residents, and the annual Hash Bash: an event that is held on the first Saturday of April. Until (at least) the successful passage of Michigan's medical marijuana law, the event had arguably strayed from its initial intent, although for years, a number of attendees have received serious legal responses due to marijuana use on University of Michigan property, which does not fall under the City's progressive and compassionate ticketing program.

Q1: What medical dispensarys are there in Ann Arbor?
A1: medical marijuana dispensaries
Q2: What are the Medical marijuana dispensaries called in the city?
A2: People's Co-op
Q3: What annual event is held on the 1st saturday of april?
A3: annual Hash Bash
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor has a typically Midwestern humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), which is influenced by the Great Lakes. There are four distinct seasons: winters are cold with moderate to heavy snowfall, while summers are very warm and humid, and spring and autumn are short but mild. The area experiences lake effect weather, primarily in the form of increased cloudiness during late fall and early winter. The monthly daily average temperature in July is 72.6 °F (22.6 °C), while the same figure for January is 24.5 °F (−4.2 °C). Temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 10 days, and drop to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on 4.6 nights. Precipitation tends to be the heaviest during the summer months, but most frequent during winter. Snowfall, which normally occurs from November to April but occasionally starts in October, averages 58 inches (147 cm) per season. The lowest recorded temperature was −23 °F (−31 °C) on 11 February 1885 and the highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on 24 July 1934.

Q1: How many seasons are experienced in the city of Ann Arbor?
A1: four
Q2: When is the precipitation highest in Ann Arbor?
A2: summer
Q3: What is the average snowfall for the city?
A3: 58 inches
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It has a 109,901 seating capacity after multiple renovations were made. The stadium is colloquially known as "The Big House". Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Concordia University, a member of the NAIA, also fields sports teams.

Q1: Who is the member of the Big Ten Conference in college sports in the city?
A1: University of Michigan
Q2: Which is the largest American football stadium in the world?
A2: Michigan Stadium
Q3: What is the Michigan Stadium called colloquially?
A3: The Big House
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor is part of Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented in Congress by Representative Debbie Dingell, a Democrat. On the state level, the city is part of the 18th district in the Michigan Senate, represented by Democrat Rebekah Warren. In the Michigan House of Representatives, representation is split between the 55th district (northern Ann Arbor, part of Ann Arbor Township, and other surrounding areas, represented by Democrat Adam Zemke), the 53rd district (most of downtown and the southern half of the city, represented by Democrat Jeff Irwin) and the 52nd district (southwestern areas outside Ann Arbor proper and western Washtenaw County, represented by Democrat Gretchen Driskell).

Q1: Who represents the congress in Ann Arbor?
A1: Debbie Dingell
Q2: On a state level the city is part of which district number?
A2: 18th district
Q3: Who represents the city in Michigan senate?
A3: Rebekah Warren
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as "Annarbour;" this represents the earliest known use of the town's name. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur Oak in the 640 acres (260 ha) of land they purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. The local Ojibwa named the settlement kaw-goosh-kaw-nick, after the sound of Allen's sawmill.

Q1: Who founded Ann Arbor?
A1: John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey
Q2: What was the profession of the founders of Ann arbor?
A2: land speculators
Q3: Which tribe named the settlement as kaw-goosh-kaw-nick?
A3: Ojibwa
Q4: For how much money did the founders purchase the land from the federal government?
A4: $800
Q5: What were the names of the founders wives?
A5: Ann
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements.

Q1: When was Ann Arbor founded?
A1: 1824
Q2: Which University moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837?
A2: University of Michigan
Q3: During  the 1960's & 70's, Ann Arbor gained a reputation for what?
A3: center for left-wing politics
Q4: Which type of tree is associated with the city Ann Arbor's name?
A4: Bur Oak
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor's "Tree Town" nickname stems from the dense forestation of its parks and residential areas. The city contains more than 50,000 trees along its streets and an equal number in parks. In recent years, the emerald ash borer has destroyed many of the city's approximately 10,500 ash trees. The city contains 157 municipal parks ranging from small neighborhood green spots to large recreation areas. Several large city parks and a university park border sections of the Huron River. Fuller Recreation Area, near the University Hospital complex, contains sports fields, pedestrian and bike paths, and swimming pools. The Nichols Arboretum, owned by the University of Michigan, is a 123-acre (50 ha) arboretum that contains hundreds of plant and tree species. It is on the city's east side, near the university's Central Campus. Located across the Huron River just beyond the university's North Campus is the university's Matthaei Botanical Gardens, which contains 300 acres of gardens and a large tropical conservatory.

Q1: What is the city of Ann arbor nicknamed as?
A1: Tree Town
Q2: How many parks are there in the city of Ann Arbor?
A2: 157
Q3: What is the name of the Arboretum owned by the University of Michigan?
A3: Nichols Arboretum
Q4: How big is the Matthaei botanical garden?
A4: 300 acres
Title: Ann_Arbor,_Michigan
Topic: History

Ann Arbor's residential neighborhoods contain architectural styles ranging from classic 19th-century and early-20th-century designs to ranch-style houses. Among these homes are a number of kit houses built in the early 20th century. Contemporary-style houses are farther from the downtown district. Surrounding the University of Michigan campus are houses and apartment complexes occupied primarily by student renters. Tower Plaza, a 26-story condominium building located between the University of Michigan campus and downtown, is the tallest building in Ann Arbor. The 19th-century buildings and streetscape of the Old West Side neighborhood have been preserved virtually intact; in 1972, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and it is further protected by city ordinances and a nonprofit preservation group.

Q1: Which century does the Kit houses belong to?
A1: 20th century
Q2: Who primarily occupies the complexes surrounding the University?
A2: student renters
Q3: Which is the tallest building in Ann Arbor?
A3: Tower Plaza
Q4: When was the city listed on the National Register of historic Places?
A4: 1972
Title: Annelid
Topic: Natural sciences

Annelids are members of the protostomes, one of the two major superphyla of bilaterian animals – the other is the deuterostomes, which includes vertebrates. Within the protostomes, annelids used to be grouped with arthropods under the super-group Articulata ("jointed animals"), as segmentation is obvious in most members of both phyla. However, the genes that drive segmentation in arthropods do not appear to do the same in annelids. Arthropods and annelids both have close relatives that are unsegmented. It is at least as easy to assume that they evolved segmented bodies independently as it is to assume that the ancestral protostome or bilaterian was segmented and that segmentation disappeared in many descendant phyla. The current view is that annelids are grouped with molluscs, brachiopods and several other phyla that have lophophores (fan-like feeding structures) and/or trochophore larvae as members of Lophotrochozoa. Bryzoa may be the most basal phylum (the one that first became distinctive) within the Lophotrochozoa, and the relationships between the other members are not yet known. Arthropods are now regarded as members of the Ecdysozoa ("animals that molt"), along with some phyla that are unsegmented.

Q1: What superphylum are annelids in?
A1: protostomes
Q2: What is the other superphylum besides protostomes?
A2: deuterostomes
Q3: What superphylum are vertebrates in?
A3: deuterostomes
Q4: What does 'Articulata' mean?
A4: jointed animals
Q5: What are lophophores?
A5: fan-like feeding structures
Title: Annelid
Topic: Natural sciences

Annelids with blood vessels use metanephridia to remove soluble waste products, while those without use protonephridia. Both of these systems use a two-stage filtration process, in which fluid and waste products are first extracted and these are filtered again to re-absorb any re-usable materials while dumping toxic and spent materials as urine. The difference is that protonephridia combine both filtration stages in the same organ, while metanephridia perform only the second filtration and rely on other mechanisms for the first – in annelids special filter cells in the walls of the blood vessels let fluids and other small molecules pass into the coelomic fluid, where it circulates to the metanephridia. In annelids the points at which fluid enters the protonephridia or metanephridia are on the forward side of a septum while the second-stage filter and the nephridiopore (exit opening in the body wall) are in the following segment. As a result, the hindmost segment (before the growth zone and pygidium) has no structure that extracts its wastes, as there is no following segment to filter and discharge them, while the first segment contains an extraction structure that passes wastes to the second, but does not contain the structures that re-filter and discharge urine.

Q1: What do metanephridia remove?
A1: soluble waste products
Q2: What do annelids without blood vessels do to remove waste?
A2: protonephridia
Q3: How many stages are there in annelids' waste filtration?
A3: two
Q4: What annelid system combines both filtration states in one organ?
A4: protonephridia
Title: Annelid
Topic: Natural sciences

Annelids' cuticles are made of collagen fibers, usually in layers that spiral in alternating directions so that the fibers cross each other. These are secreted by the one-cell deep epidermis (outermost skin layer). A few marine annelids that live in tubes lack cuticles, but their tubes have a similar structure, and mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis protect their skins. Under the epidermis is the dermis, which is made of connective tissue, in other words a combination of cells and non-cellular materials such as collagen. Below this are two layers of muscles, which develop from the lining of the coelom (body cavity): circular muscles make a segment longer and slimmer when they contract, while under them are longitudinal muscles, usually four distinct strips, whose contractions make the segment shorter and fatter. Some annelids also have oblique internal muscles that connect the underside of the body to each side.

Q1: How are the layers arranged in annelids' cuticles?
A1: spiral in alternating directions
Q2: What are annelids' cuticles made out of?
A2: collagen fibers
Q3: What do non-cuticle annelids use to protect their skin?
A3: mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis
Q4: What layer is under the epidermis?
A4: the dermis
Q5: What does 'coelom' mean?
A5: (body cavity
Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Topic: Geography and places

Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. Owing to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location in South Jersey, Atlantic City receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of New Jersey. Even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than along the coast, snow averages only 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) each winter. It is very common for rain to fall in Atlantic City while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow.

Q1: How many inches of precipitation does Atlantic City receive annually?
A1: 40 inches
Q2: What is the average number of inches of snow received at the airport annually?
A2: 16.5 inches
Q3: Atlantic City's lack of snowfall is due to its location in South Jersey and its proximaty to which body of water?
A3: Atlantic Ocean
Q4: Atlantic City's lack of snowfall is due to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location where?
A4: South Jersey
Q5: Atlantic City is different from the northern and western parts of the state in the winter due to its tendency to receive which type of precipitation?
A5: rain
Title: Detroit
Topic: Geography and places

Annual summer events include the Electronic Music Festival, International Jazz Festival, the Woodward Dream Cruise, the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and Dally in the Alley. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's traditional automotive center, the city hosts the North American International Auto Show. Held since 1924, America's Thanksgiving Parade is one of the nation's largest. River Days, a five-day summer festival on the International Riverfront lead up to the Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival fireworks, which draw super sized-crowds ranging from hundreds of thousands to over three million people.

Q1: Which parks hosts the Winter Bash?
A1: Campus Martius Park
Q2: Which parade started in 1924?
A2: America's Thanksgiving Parade
Q3: Which festival spans five days?
A3: River Days
Q4: Which festival draws up to 3 million people?
A4: Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival
Q5: What is the country music festival in Detroit called?
A5: Hoedown