LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his The Standard Elocutionist (1860), which appeared in Edinburgh in 1868. The Standard Elocutionist appeared in 168 British editions and sold over a quarter of a million copies in the United States alone. In this treatise, his father explains his methods of how to instruct deaf-mutes (as they were then known) to articulate words and read other people's lip movements to decipher meaning. Bell's father taught him and his brothers not only to write Visible Speech but to identify any symbol and its accompanying sound. Bell became so proficient that he became a part of his father's public demonstrations and astounded audiences with his abilities. He could decipher Visible Speech representing virtually every language, including Latin, Scottish Gaelic, and even Sanskrit, accurately reciting written tracts without any prior knowledge of their pronunciation.

Q1: Where did Bell's uncle live?
A1: Dublin
Q2: What was Bell's father most famous for publishing?
A2: The Standard Elocutionist
Q3: Bell learned to accurately read lips even without knowing what?
A3: pronunciation
Q4: The Standard Elocutionist was printed how many times?
A4: 168
Title: Alexander_Graham_Bell
Topic: Engineering and technology

His father encouraged Bell's interest in speech and, in 1863, took his sons to see a unique automaton, developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone based on the earlier work of Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. The rudimentary "mechanical man" simulated a human voice. Bell was fascinated by the machine and after he obtained a copy of von Kempelen's book, published in German, and had laboriously translated it, he and his older brother Melville built their own automaton head. Their father, highly interested in their project, offered to pay for any supplies and spurred the boys on with the enticement of a "big prize" if they were successful. While his brother constructed the throat and larynx, Bell tackled the more difficult task of recreating a realistic skull. His efforts resulted in a remarkably lifelike head that could "speak", albeit only a few words. The boys would carefully adjust the "lips" and when a bellows forced air through the windpipe, a very recognizable "Mama" ensued, to the delight of neighbors who came to see the Bell invention.

Q1: In what year did Bell's father take him to see an automaton?
A1: 1863
Q2: Who created the automaton Bell saw?
A2: Sir Charles Wheatstone
Q3: What did the automaton mimic?
A3: human voice
Q4: Bell built his own automaton with who?
A4: Melville
Q5: What part of the automaton did Bell create?
A5: skull
Title: Friedrich_Hayek
Topic: Social sciences and society

His father's career as a university professor influenced Friedrich's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Friedrich to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen Böhm von Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Von Juraschek was a statistician and was later employed by the Austrian government. Friedrich's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote systematic works in biology, some of which are relatively well known.

Q1: Who's occupation inspired Hayek when he was older?
A1: His father's
Q2: Eugen Bohm was friends with which of Hayek's grandfathers?
A2: Franz von Juraschek
Q3: What occupation did Hayek's grandfather's have?
A3: scholars
Q4: Who was August von Hayek's father?
A4: Gustav Edler von Hayek
Q5: What did August von Hayek's father write?
A5: systematic works in biology
Title: Arnold_Schwarzenegger
Topic: Media and drama

His film appearances after becoming Governor of California included a three-second cameo appearance in The Rundown, and the 2004 remake of Around the World in 80 Days. In 2005, he appeared as himself in the film The Kid & I. He voiced Baron von Steuben in the Liberty's Kids episode "Valley Forge". He had been rumored to be appearing in Terminator Salvation as the original T-800; he denied his involvement, but he ultimately did appear briefly via his image being inserted into the movie from stock footage of the first Terminator movie. Schwarzenegger appeared in Sylvester Stallone's The Expendables, where he made a cameo appearance.

Q1: Which 2005 movie featured Schwarzenegger as himself?
A1: The Kid & I
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery. The segment, "Eyes," starred Joan Crawford; she and Spielberg were reportedly close friends until her death. The episode is unusual in his body of work, in that the camerawork is more highly stylized than his later, more "mature" films. After this, and an episode of Marcus Welby, M.D., Spielberg got his first feature-length assignment: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017". This futuristic science fiction episode impressed Universal Studios and they signed him to a short contract. He did another segment on Night Gallery and did some work for shows such as Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law and The Psychiatrist, before landing the first series episode of Columbo (previous episodes were actually TV films).

Q1: Who starred in the TV show segment "Eyes"
A1: Joan Crawford
Q2: What was Steven Spielberg's first feature-length assignment?
A2: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017".
Q3: What genre was Steven Spielberg's episode of "The Name of the Game"?
A3: science fiction
Q4: What was the relatioship between Joan Crawford and Steven Spielberg?
A4: reportedly close friends
Q5: What year was Spielberg hired to direct one of the segments for "Night Gallery"?
A5: 1969
Q6: What was the first TV episode Spielberg directed part of?
A6: 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery
Q7: Who starred in Spielberg's TV debut?
A7: Joan Crawford
Q8: What was Spielberg's first full TV episode to direct?
A8: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017"
Q9: What genre was 'LA 2017'?
A9: futuristic science fiction
Q10: What law show did Spielberg work on?
A10: Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

His next directorial feature was the Raiders prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom. Teaming up once again with Lucas and Ford, the film was plagued with uncertainty for the material and script. This film and the Spielberg-produced Gremlins led to the creation of the PG-13 rating due to the high level of violence in films targeted at younger audiences. In spite of this, Temple of Doom is rated PG by the MPAA, even though it is the darkest and, possibly, most violent Indy film. Nonetheless, the film was still a huge blockbuster hit in 1984. It was on this project that Spielberg also met his future wife, actress Kate Capshaw.

Q1: What rating did 'Temple of Doom' receive?
A1: PG
Q2: When did 'Temple of Doom' debut?
A2: 1984
Q3: What movie caused 'PG-13' to be created?
A3: Gremlins
Q4: Why did Gremlins need 'PG-13'?
A4: the high level of violence in films targeted at younger audiences
Q5: What was Spielberg's future wife's career?
A5: actress
Title: Josip_Broz_Tito
Topic: History

His next relationship was with Herta Haas, whom he married in 1940. Broz left for Belgrade after the April War, leaving Haas pregnant. In May 1941, she gave birth to their son, Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz. All throughout his relationship with Haas, Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunović, who, under the codename "Zdenka", served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary. Haas and Tito suddenly parted company in 1943 in Jajce during the second meeting of AVNOJ after she reportedly walked in on him and Davorjanka. The last time Haas saw Broz was in 1946. Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor, his Belgrade residence.

Q1: Who did Tito marry in 1940?
A1: Herta Haas
Q2: When did Haas give birth to Tito's son?
A2: 1941
Q3: What was the name of Tito's son born to him and Haas?
A3: Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz
Q4: With whom did Tito have a parallel life during his marriage to Haas?
A4: Davorjanka Paunović
Q5: When did Davorjanka die of Tuberculosis?
A5: 1946
Title: Steven_Spielberg
Topic: Media and drama

His next theatrical release in that same year was the World War II film Saving Private Ryan, about a group of U.S. soldiers led by Capt. Miller (Tom Hanks) sent to bring home a paratrooper whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours, June 5–6, of the Normandy landing. The film was a huge box office success, grossing over $481 million worldwide and was the biggest film of the year at the North American box office (worldwide it made second place after Michael Bay's Armageddon). Spielberg won his second Academy Award for his direction. The film's graphic, realistic depiction of combat violence influenced later war films such as Black Hawk Down and Enemy at the Gates. The film was also the first major hit for DreamWorks, which co-produced the film with Paramount Pictures (as such, it was Spielberg's first release from the latter that was not part of the Indiana Jones series). Later, Spielberg and Tom Hanks produced a TV mini-series based on Stephen Ambrose's book Band of Brothers. The ten-part HBO mini-series follows Easy Company of the 101st Airborne Division's 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. The series won a number of awards at the Golden Globes and the Emmys.

Q1: Who did Tom Hanks play in 'Saving Private Ryan'?
A1: Capt. Miller
Q2: What war was 'Saving Private Ryan' about?
A2: World War II
Q3: How much did 'Saving Private Ryan' earn?
A3: over $481 million worldwide
Q4: Which film beat 'Saving Private Ryan' worldwide?
A4: Armageddon
Q5: Who directed 'Armageddon'?
A5: Michael Bay
Title: Friedrich_Hayek
Topic: Social sciences and society

His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of "neoliberalism". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, "Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals." Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a "more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents".

Q1: What term do those who disagree with Hayek use to describe his ideals?
A1: neoliberalism
Q2: Who was it that claimed Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty to be an thorough example of neoliberal philosophy?
A2: Samuel Brittan
Q3: Whose ideals does Brittan believe to win out over Hayek's?
A3: Raymond Plant
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

His opponents learned from Napoleon's innovations. The increased importance of artillery after 1807 stemmed from his creation of a highly mobile artillery force, the growth in artillery numbers, and changes in artillery practices. As a result of these factors, Napoleon, rather than relying on infantry to wear away the enemy's defenses, now could use massed artillery as a spearhead to pound a break in the enemy's line that was then exploited by supporting infantry and cavalry. McConachy rejects the alternative theory that growing reliance on artillery by the French army beginning in 1807 was an outgrowth of the declining quality of the French infantry and, later, France's inferiority in cavalry numbers. Weapons and other kinds of military technology remained largely static through the Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, but 18th-century operational mobility underwent significant change.

Q1: Who learned from Napoleon's innovations?
A1: His opponents
Q2:  Napoleon's use of artillery led to its increased importance after what year?
A2: 1807
Q3: What did Napoleon use as the initial means of breaking down enemy defenses, rather than the traditional reliance on infantry?
A3: artillery
Q4: Who rejects the theory that the increased use of artillery by the French was due to declining quality of infantry and numbers of cavalry?
A4: McConachy
Title: Pope_Paul_VI
Topic: Philosophy and religion

His organisational skills led him to a career in the Roman Curia, the papal civil service. In 1931, Pacelli appointed him to teach history at the Papal Academy for Diplomats In 1937, after his mentor Giuseppe Pizzardo was named a cardinal and was succeeded by Domenico Tardini, Montini was named Substitute for Ordinary Affairs under Cardinal Pacelli, the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI. From Pius XI, whom he viewed with awe, he adopted the view, that learning is a life long process, and that history was the magister vitae teacher of life His immediate supervisor in the Vatican was Domenico Tardini, with whom he got along well. The election of Pacelli to the papacy in 1939, anticipated by everybody and openly promoted by Pope Pius XI in his last years, was a good omen for Montini, whose position was confirmed in the position under the new Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione. He met the pope every morning until 1954 and thus developed a rather close relationship:

Q1: What type of natural ability helped Montini in his career in the Roman Curia?
A1: organisational skills
Q2: When was Paccelli elected to the papacy?
A2: 1939
Q3: With whom did Montini have a relationship with that eventually groomed him for the papacy?
A3: Pacelli
Q4: Where did Montini teach history?
A4: Papal Academy for Diplomats
Q5: Who was Montini's mentor that eventually became a Cardinal?
A5: Giuseppe Pizzardo
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Mennonites, joined the International Bible Students Association, later known as Jehovah's Witnesses. The Eisenhower home served as the local meeting hall from 1896 to 1915, though Eisenhower never joined the International Bible Students. His later decision to attend West Point saddened his mother, who felt that warfare was "rather wicked," but she did not overrule him. While speaking of himself in 1948, Eisenhower said he was "one of the most deeply religious men I know" though unattached to any "sect or organization". He was baptized in the Presbyterian Church in 1953.

Q1: What book did Eisenhower's parents read every day?
A1: Bible
Q2: What Mennonite sect did Eisenhower's mother initially belong to?
A2: River Brethren
Q3: What is another name for the International Bible Students Association?
A3: Jehovah's Witnesses
Q4: What university did Eisenhower attend?
A4: West Point
Q5: What church did Eisenhower join in 1953?
A5: Presbyterian
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

His primary duty was planning for the next war, which proved most difficult in the midst of the Great Depression. He then was posted as chief military aide to General MacArthur, Army Chief of Staff. In 1932, he participated in the clearing of the Bonus March encampment in Washington, D.C. Although he was against the actions taken against the veterans and strongly advised MacArthur against taking a public role in it, he later wrote the Army's official incident report, endorsing MacArthur's conduct.

Q1: What event made war planning difficult in this period?
A1: Great Depression
Q2: What position was held by General MacArthur at this point in time?
A2: Army Chief of Staff
Q3: What encampment was attacked in 1932 by soldiers including Eisenhower?
A3: Bonus March
Q4: What sort of people did the Bonus March consist of?
A4: veterans
Title: Muammar_Gaddafi
Topic: History

His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, As-Sa'iqa, the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, and the Abu Nidal Organization. He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral. Gaddafi also welcomed the three surviving attackers in Tripoli following their release in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 a few weeks later and allowed them to go into hiding.

Q1: What Palestinian political figure had a poor relationship with Gaddafi?
A1: Yasser Arafat
Q2: What organization did Arafat belong to?
A2: Fatah
Q3: Who was responsible for the attack on Israeli athletes in 1972?
A3: Black September Organization
Q4: In what city did the 1972 attack on Israeli athletes occur?
A4: Munich
Q5: How many terrorists survived the 1972 Munich attack?
A5: three
Title: Pope_John_XXIII
Topic: Philosophy and religion

His sister Ancilla would soon be diagnosed with stomach cancer in the early 1950s. Roncalli's last letter to her was dated on 8 November 1953 where he promised to visit her within the next week. He could not keep that promise, as Ancilla died on 11 November 1953 at the time when he was consecrating a new church in Venice. He attended her funeral back in his hometown. In his will around this time, he mentioned that he wished to be buried in the crypt of Saint Mark's in Venice with some of his predecessors rather than with the family in Sotto il Monte.

Q1: When was his sister Ancilla diagnosed with stomach cancer?
A1: the early 1950s
Q2: When did he send his last letter to his dying sister?
A2: 8 November 1953
Q3: When did Ancilla die?
A3: 11 November 1953
Q4: Where did he want to be buried?
A4: the crypt of Saint Mark's in Venice
Title: Umayyad_Caliphate
Topic: History

Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question of the conversion of non-Arabs, especially the Sogdians of Transoxiana. Following the Umayyad defeat in the "Day of Thirst" in 724, Ashras ibn 'Abd Allah al-Sulami, governor of Khurasan, promised tax relief to those Sogdians who converted to Islam, but went back on his offer when it proved too popular and threatened to reduce tax revenues. Discontent among the Khurasani Arabs rose sharply after the losses suffered in the Battle of the Defile in 731, and in 734, al-Harith ibn Surayj led a revolt that received broad backing from Arabs and natives alike, capturing Balkh but failing to take Merv. After this defeat, al-Harith's movement seems to have been dissolved, but the problem of the rights of non-Arab Muslims would continue to plague the Umayyads.

Q1: What was the main city of Tokharistan?
A1: Balkh
Q2: What was the central part of Transoxiana called?
A2: Samarkand
Q3: In what year did the Day of Thirst occur?
A3: 724
Q4: What notable battle occurred in 731?
A4: Battle of the Defile
Q5: Who was the leader of the revolt of 734?
A5: al-Harith ibn Surayj
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese, for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger." Xavier spent the years 1549–1551 converting Japanese to Christianity. He also observed: "The Japanese are much braver and more warlike than the people of China, Korea, Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines."

Q1: What religious order was St. Francis Xavier in?
A1: Jesuit
Q2: When was St. Francis Xavier born?
A2: 1506
Q3: When did St. Francis Xavier die?
A3: 1552
Q4: When did Xavier try to convert Japan to Christianity?
A4: 1549–1551
Q5: Who were the Japanese regarded as braver than?
A5: the people of China, Korea, Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Historians Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi argue that the Ming upheld a "divide-and-rule" policy towards a weak and politically fragmented Tibet after the Sakya regime had fallen. Chan writes that this was perhaps the calculated strategy of the Yongle Emperor, as exclusive patronage to one Tibetan sect would have given it too much regional power. Sperling finds no textual evidence in either Chinese or Tibetan sources to support this thesis of Petech and Hisashi. Norbu asserts that their thesis is largely based on the list of Ming titles conferred on Tibetan lamas rather than "comparative analysis of developments in China and Tibet." Rossabi states that this theory "attributes too much influence to the Chinese," pointing out that Tibet was already politically divided when the Ming dynasty began. Rossabi also discounts the "divide-and-rule" theory on the grounds of the Yongle Emperor's failed attempt to build a strong relationship with the fifth Karmapa—one which he hoped would parallel Kublai Khan's earlier relationship with the Sakya Phagpa lama. Instead, the Yongle Emperor followed the Karmapa's advice of giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas.

Q1: What policy does Luciano Petech and Sato Hisashi claim the Ming held towards the Tibet?
A1: divide-and-rule
Q2: When did the Ming hold the divide and rule policy?
A2: after the Sakya regime had fallen
Q3: Who did Yongle Emperor fail to build a solid relationship with?
A3: fifth Karmapa
Q4: Who did the Yongle Emperor give patronage to?
A4: many different Tibetan lamas
Title: Napoleon
Topic: History

Historians agree that Napoleon's remarkable personality was one key to his influence. They emphasize the strength of his ambition that took him from an obscure village to command of most of Europe. George F. E. Rudé stresses his "rare combination of will, intellect and physical vigour." At 5 ft 6 in (168 cm), he was not physically imposing but in one-on-one situations he typically had a hypnotic impact on people and seemingly bent the strongest leaders to his will. He understood military technology, but was not an innovator in that regard. He was an innovator in using the financial, bureaucratic, and diplomatic resources of France. He could rapidly dictate a series of complex commands to his subordinates, keeping in mind where major units were expected to be at each future point, and like a chess master, "seeing" the best plays moves ahead.

Q1: How tall was Napoleon, in feet and inches?
A1: 5 ft 6 in
Q2: How tall was Napoleon in centimeters?
A2: 168 cm
Q3: How do historians describe Napoleon in his use of France's financial, bureaucratic, and diplomatic systems?
A3: an innovator
Q4: What is the name of the historian who stresses Napoleon's "rare combination of will, intellect, and physical vigour?"
A4: George F. E. Rudé
Q5: How do historians describe Napoleon's impact on people in one-on-one encounters?
A5: hypnotic
Title: Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty
Topic: History

Historians disagree on what the relationship was between the Ming court and Tibet and whether or not Ming China had sovereignty over Tibet. Van Praag writes that Chinese court historians viewed Tibet as an independent foreign tributary and had little interest in Tibet besides a lama-patron relationship. The historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa supports van Praag's position. However, Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain state that these assertions by van Praag and Shakabpa are "fallacies".

Q1: Who supported van Praag's beliefs? 
A1: historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
Q2: Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa?
A2: Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain
Title: Black_people
Topic: Language and literature

Historians estimate that between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century, 10 to 18 million sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved by Arab slave traders and transported to the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. This number far exceeded the number of slaves who were taken to the Americas. Several factors affected the visibility of descendants of this diaspora in 21st-century Arab societies: The traders shipped more female slaves than males, as there was a demand for them to serve as concubines in harems in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries. Male slaves were castrated in order to serve as harem guards. The death toll of Black African slaves from forced labor was high. The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners were assimilated into the Arab owners' families under the patrilineal kinship system. As a result, few distinctive Afro-Arab black communities have survived in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries.

Q1: How many sub-Saharan Black Africans were enslaved?
A1: 10 to 18 million
Q2: In what time frame were these people enslaved?
A2: between the advent of Islam in 650CE and the abolition of slavery in the Arabian Peninsula in the mid-20th century
Q3: Who enslaved these people?
A3: Arab slave traders
Q4: Why were women slaves more popular?
A4: for them to serve as concubines
Q5: Who was assimilated into the Arab slave owner families?
A5: The mixed-race children of female slaves and Arab owners
Title: Dwight_D._Eisenhower
Topic: History

Historians have concluded that this assignment provided valuable preparation for handling the challenging personalities of Winston Churchill, George S. Patton, George Marshall, and General Montgomery during World War II. Eisenhower later emphasized that too much had been made of the disagreements with MacArthur, and that a positive relationship endured. While in Manila, Mamie suffered a life-threatening stomach ailment but recovered fully. Eisenhower was promoted to the rank of permanent lieutenant colonel in 1936. He also learned to fly, making a solo flight over the Philippines in 1937 and obtained his private pilot's license in 1939 at Fort Lewis. Also around this time, he was offered a post by the Philippine Commonwealth Government, namely by then Philippine President Manuel L. Quezon on recommendations by MacArthur, to become the chief of police of a new capital being planned, now named Quezon City, but he declined the offer.

Q1: What rank was Eisenhower promoted to in 1936?
A1: lieutenant colonel
Q2: What license did Eisenhower receive in 1939?
A2: pilot's
Q3: Who was president of the Philippines circa 1939?
A3: Manuel L. Quezon
Q4: What is the current name of the capital city that was under construction in the Philippines in 1939?
A4: Quezon City
Q5: How did Eisenhower respond to the offer to become a Philippine police chief?
A5: declined
Title: Cubism
Topic: Art and architecture

Historians have divided the history of Cubism into phases. In one scheme, the first phase of Cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, a phrase coined by Juan Gris a posteriori, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1910 and 1912 in France. A second phase, Synthetic Cubism, remained vital until around 1919, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity. English art historian Douglas Cooper proposed another scheme, describing three phases of Cubism in his book, The Cubist Epoch. According to Cooper there was "Early Cubism", (from 1906 to 1908) when the movement was initially developed in the studios of Picasso and Braque; the second phase being called "High Cubism", (from 1909 to 1914) during which time Juan Gris emerged as an important exponent (after 1911); and finally Cooper referred to "Late Cubism" (from 1914 to 1921) as the last phase of Cubism as a radical avant-garde movement. Douglas Cooper's restrictive use of these terms to distinguish the work of Braque, Picasso, Gris (from 1911) and Léger (to a lesser extent) implied an intentional value judgement.

Q1: What was the first phase of Cubism known as? 
A1: Analytic Cubism
Q2: Who coined the phrase Analytic Cubsim? 
A2: Juan Gris
Q3: What was the second phase of Cubism called? 
A3: Synthetic Cubism
Q4: From what years did High Cubism take place? 
A4: 1909 to 1914
Q5: From what years did Late Cubism take place? 
A5: 1914 to 1921
Title: Qing_dynasty
Topic: History

Historians have judged the Qing dynasty's vulnerability and weakness to foreign imperialism in the 19th century to be based mainly on its maritime naval weakness while it achieved military success against westerners on land, the historian Edward L. Dreyer said that "China’s nineteenth-century humiliations were strongly related to her weakness and failure at sea. At the start of the Opium War, China had no unified navy and no sense of how vulnerable she was to attack from the sea; British forces sailed and steamed wherever they wanted to go......In the Arrow War (1856–60), the Chinese had no way to prevent the Anglo-French expedition of 1860 from sailing into the Gulf of Zhili and landing as near as possible to Beijing. Meanwhile, new but not exactly modern Chinese armies suppressed the midcentury rebellions, bluffed Russia into a peaceful settlement of disputed frontiers in Central Asia, and defeated the French forces on land in the Sino-French War (1884–85). But the defeat of the fleet, and the resulting threat to steamship traffic to Taiwan, forced China to conclude peace on unfavorable terms."

Q1: What was the main problem the Qing had in preventing invasion from Europe?
A1: naval weakness
Q2: Which historian blamed naval weakness for European imperialism in China?
A2: Edward L. Dreyer
Q3: When was the Arrow War?
A3: (1856–60)
Q4: Where did the French and English land in 1860?
A4: Gulf of Zhili
Title: Age_of_Enlightenment
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Historians have long debated the extent to which the secret network of Freemasonry was a main factor in the Enlightenment. The leaders of the Enlightenment included Freemasons such as Diderot, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Pope, Horace Walpole, Sir Robert Walpole, Mozart, Goethe, Frederick the Great, Benjamin Franklin, and George Washington. Norman Davies said that Freemasonry was a powerful force on behalf of Liberalism in Europe, from about 1700 to the twentieth century. It expanded rapidly during the Age of Enlightenment, reaching practically every country in Europe. It was especially attractive to powerful aristocrats and politicians as well as intellectuals, artists and political activists.

Q1: Diderot, Voltaire, Mozart, Goethe, and Benjamin Franklin were all members of what secret network?
A1: Freemasonry
Q2: To whom was Freemasonry most attractive?
A2: powerful aristocrats and politicians as well as intellectuals, artists and political activists
Q3: Freemasonry expanded rapidly to nearly every country in which continent?
A3: Europe
Title: Roman_Republic
Topic: History

Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions of outright military rule, the Roman Republic remained an alliance of independent city-states and kingdoms (with varying degrees of independence, both de jure and de facto) until it transitioned into the Roman Empire. It was not until the time of the Roman Empire that the entire Roman world was organized into provinces under explicit Roman control.

Q1: What was seen as the behind the Roman influence in the east?
A1: crisis management
Q2: At what point was the entire Roman world joined together under Roman control?
A2: the time of the Roman Empire
Q3: What was not seen as an influence of Rome's influence in the west?
A3: intentional empire-building
Q4: What type of city-states were involved with the Roman Republic?
A4: independent
Title: Baptists
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor. Three years earlier, while a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, he had broken his ties with the Church of England. Reared in the Church of England, he became "Puritan, English Separatist, and then a Baptist Separatist," and ended his days working with the Mennonites. He began meeting in England with 60–70 English Separatists, in the face of "great danger." The persecution of religious nonconformists in England led Smyth to go into exile in Amsterdam with fellow Separatists from the congregation he had gathered in Lincolnshire, separate from the established church (Anglican). Smyth and his lay supporter, Thomas Helwys, together with those they led, broke with the other English exiles because Smyth and Helwys were convinced they should be baptized as believers. In 1609 Smyth first baptized himself and then baptized the others.

Q1: Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to when?
A1: 1609
Q2: Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to where?
A2: Amsterdam
Q3: Who was the pastor of the earliest Baptist church?
A3: John Smyth
Q4: John Smyth broke his ties with what church?
A4: Church of England
Q5: Where did John Smyth go into exile?
A5: Amsterdam
Title: Baptists
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Historians trace the earliest church labeled "Baptist" back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.

Q1: When was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to?
A1: 1609
Q2: Where was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to?
A2: Amsterdam
Q3: Who was the pastor of the earliest church labeled "Baptist"?
A3: John Smyth
Q4: Who believed Christ's atonement only extended to the elect?
A4: Particular Baptists
Q5: When did Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies?
A5: 1638
Title: Protestantism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.

Q1: Where was the earliest Baptist church founded?
A1: Amsterdam
Q2: Who was the pastor of the first Baptist church?
A2: John Smyth
Q3: Who believed that Christ's atonement was for everyone?
A3: General Baptists
Q4: Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States?
A4: Roger Williams
Q5: Who has spread the teachings of the Baptists to each continent?
A5: Baptist missionaries
Title: Santa_Monica,_California
Topic: Geography and places

Historical aspects of the Expo line route are noteworthy. It uses the right-of-way for the Santa Monica Air Line that provided electric-powered freight and passenger service between Los Angeles and Santa Monica beginning in the 1920s. Service was discontinued in 1953 but diesel-powered freight deliveries to warehouses along the route continued until March 11, 1988. The abandonment of the line spurred concerns within the community and the entire right-of-way was purchased from Southern Pacific by Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority. The line was built in 1875 as the steam-powered Los Angeles and Independence Railroad to bring mining ore to ships in Santa Monica harbor and as a passenger excursion train to the beach.

Q1: Beginning in what decade did the Santa Monica  Expo Air Line host freight and passenger services?
A1: 1920s
Q2: What year did the Santa Monica freight and passenger service stop running?
A2: 1953
Q3: Diesel powered freight deliveries continued through what date?
A3: March 11, 1988
Q4: What was the result from the discontinuation of using the line for deliveries?
A4: was purchased
Q5: Who bought the Expo line from Southern Pacific?
A5: Southern Pacific by Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Title: Jews
Topic: History

Historical definitions of Jewish identity have traditionally been based on halakhic definitions of matrilineal descent, and halakhic conversions. Historical definitions of who is a Jew date back to the codification of the Oral Torah into the Babylonian Talmud, around 200 CE. Interpretations of sections of the Tanakh, such as Deuteronomy 7:1–5, by Jewish sages, are used as a warning against intermarriage between Jews and Canaanites because "[the non-Jewish husband] will cause your child to turn away from Me and they will worship the gods (i.e., idols) of others." Leviticus 24:10 says that the son in a marriage between a Hebrew woman and an Egyptian man is "of the community of Israel." This is complemented by Ezra 10:2–3, where Israelites returning from Babylon vow to put aside their gentile wives and their children. Since the anti-religious Haskalah movement of the late 18th and 19th centuries, halakhic interpretations of Jewish identity have been challenged.

Q1: What have historical definitions of Jewish identity been based on?
A1: halakhic definitions of matrilineal descent, and halakhic conversions
Q2: Historical definitions of who a Jew is dates back to what year?
A2: 200 CE
Q3: What is used as a warning against intermarriage between Jews and Canaanites?
A3: Jewish sages
Title: John,_King_of_England
Topic: History

Historical interpretations of John have been subject to considerable change over the years. Medieval chroniclers provided the first contemporary, or near contemporary, histories of John's reign. One group of chroniclers wrote early in John's life, or around the time of his accession, including Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto. These historians were generally unsympathetic to John's behaviour under Richard's rule, but slightly more positive towards the very earliest years of John's reign. Reliable accounts of the middle and later parts of John's reign are more limited, with Gervase of Canterbury and Ralph of Coggeshall writing the main accounts; neither of them were positive about John's performance as king. Much of John's later, negative reputation was established by two chroniclers writing after the king's death, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris, the latter claiming that John attempted conversion to Islam in exchange for military aid from the Almohad ruler Muhammad al-Nasir - a story which is considered to be untrue by modern historians.

Q1: Which historians wrote early in John's life?
A1: Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto
Q2: How did historians feel about John's behavior under Richard's rule?
A2: unsympathetic
Q3: John attempted conversion of what in exchange for military aid?
A3: Islam
Title: History_of_science
Topic: History

Historical linguistics emerged as an independent field of study at the end of the 18th century. Sir William Jones proposed that Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, Gothic, and Celtic languages all shared a common base. After Jones, an effort to catalog all languages of the world was made throughout the 19th century and into the 20th century. Publication of Ferdinand de Saussure's Cours de linguistique générale created the development of descriptive linguistics. Descriptive linguistics, and the related structuralism movement caused linguistics to focus on how language changes over time, instead of just describing the differences between languages. Noam Chomsky further diversified linguistics with the development of generative linguistics in the 1950s. His effort is based upon a mathematical model of language that allows for the description and prediction of valid syntax. Additional specialties such as sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, and computational linguistics have emerged from collaboration between linguistics and other disciplines.

Q1: What new subject surface at the end of the 18th century?
A1: Historical linguistics
Q2: Who realized that languages like Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek share the same foundation?
A2: Sir William Jones
Q3: What did Sir William Jones do to document his work?
A3: catalog all languages of the world
Q4: What did Noam Chomsky add to the study of linguistics?
A4: the development of generative linguistics
Q5: What method did Chomsky use to develop generative linguistics?
A5: a mathematical model of language
Title: Comics
Topic: Language and literature

Historical narratives of manga tend to focus either on its recent, post-WWII history, or on attempts to demonstrates deep roots in the past, such as to the Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga picture scroll of the 12th and 13th centuries, or the early 19th-century Hokusai Manga. The first historical overview of Japanese comics was Seiki Hosokibara's Nihon Manga-Shi[i] in 1924. Early post-war Japanese criticism was mostly of a left-wing political nature until the 1986 publication for Tomofusa Kure's Modern Manga: The Complete Picture,[j] which de-emphasized politics in favour of formal aspects, such as structure and a "grammar" of comics. The field of manga studies increased rapidly, with numerous books on the subject appearing in the 1990s. Formal theories of manga have focused on developing a "manga expression theory",[k] with emphasis on spatial relationships in the structure of images on the page, distinguishing the medium from film or literature, in which the flow of time is the basic organizing element. Comics studies courses have proliferated at Japanese universities, and Japan Society for Studies in Cartoon and Comics (ja)[l] was established in 2001 to promote comics scholarship. The publication of Frederik L. Schodt's Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics in 1983 led to the spread of use of the word manga outside Japan to mean "Japanese comics" or "Japanese-style comics".

Q1: Which historical overview did Seiki Hosokibara create?
A1: Nihon Manga-Shi
Q2: When did Hosokibara create Nihon Manga-Shi?
A2: 1924
Q3: What was created in 2001 to give students comic scholarships?
A3: Japan Society for Studies in Cartoon and Comics
Q4: Who helped the rest of the world use the word manga outside of Japan's borders?
A4: Frederik L. Schodt
Q5: What publication is Schodt responsible for?
A5: Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics
Title: Marshall_Islands
Topic: Geography and places

Historical population figures are unknown. In 1862, the population was estimated at about 10,000. In 1960, the entire population was about 15,000. In July 2011, the number of island residents was estimated to number about 72,191. Over two-thirds of the population live in the capital, Majuro and Ebeye, the secondary urban center, located in Kwajalein Atoll. This excludes many who have relocated elsewhere, primarily to the United States. The Compact of Free Association allows them to freely relocate to the United States and obtain work there. A large concentration of about 4,300 Marshall Islanders have relocated to Springdale, Arkansas, the largest population concentration of natives outside their island home.

Q1: About how many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1862?
A1: 10,000
Q2: How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1960?
A2: 15,000
Q3: As of July 2011, how many people resided on the Marshall Islands?
A3: 72,191
Q4: On what atoll is Ebeye located?
A4: Kwajalein Atoll
Q5: What town hosts the largest number of Marshall Islanders outside the Marshall Islands?
A5: Springdale, Arkansas
Title: Ashkenazi_Jews
Topic: History

Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy.

Q1: Jewish communities were seen north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as which centuries?
A1: 8th and 9th century
Q2: Jewish settlers appear along the Rhine by what century?
A2: 11th century
Q3: What two factors contributed the increase in Jewish settlers along the Rhine and other similar areas?
A3: often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers
Title: Police
Topic: Social sciences and society

Historical studies reveal that policing agents have undertaken a variety of cross-border police missions for many years (Deflem, 2002). For example, in the 19th century a number of European policing agencies undertook cross-border surveillance because of concerns about anarchist agitators and other political radicals. A notable example of this was the occasional surveillance by Prussian police of Karl Marx during the years he remained resident in London. The interests of public police agencies in cross-border co-operation in the control of political radicalism and ordinary law crime were primarily initiated in Europe, which eventually led to the establishment of Interpol before the Second World War. There are also many interesting examples of cross-border policing under private auspices and by municipal police forces that date back to the 19th century (Nadelmann, 1993). It has been established that modern policing has transgressed national boundaries from time to time almost from its inception. It is also generally agreed that in the post–Cold War era this type of practice became more significant and frequent (Sheptycki, 2000).

Q1: When did Deflem write about cross-border policing?
A1: 2002
Q2: What groups did European police work against across borders in the 19th century?
A2: anarchist agitators and other political radicals
Q3: Which police force monitored Karl Marx?
A3: Prussian
Q4: What international police agency was created before WW2?
A4: Interpol
Q5: In what era did cross-border policing increase?
A5: post–Cold War