LucaSailor/old huggingface dataset:
Title: Cork_(city)
Topic: History

The retail trade in Cork city includes a mix of both modern, state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops. Department stores cater for all budgets, with expensive boutiques for one end of the market and high street stores also available. Shopping centres can be found in many of Cork's suburbs, including Blackpool, Ballincollig, Douglas, Ballyvolane, Wilton and Mahon Point. Others are available in the city centre. These include the recently[when?] completed development of two large malls The Cornmarket Centre on Cornmarket Street, and new the retail street called "Opera Lane" off St. Patrick's Street/Academy Street. The Grand Parade scheme, on the site of the former Capitol Cineplex, was planning-approved for 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2) of retail space, with work commencing in 2016. Cork's main shopping street is St. Patrick's Street and is the most expensive street in the country per sq. metre after Dublin's Grafton Street. As of 2015[update] this area has been impacted by the post-2008 downturn, with many retail spaces available for let.[citation needed] Other shopping areas in the city centre include Oliver Plunkett St. and Grand Parade. Cork is also home to some of the country's leading department stores with the foundations of shops such as Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores being laid in the city. Outside the city centre is Mahon Point Shopping Centre.

Q1: What types of retail offerings are found in Cork?
A1: state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops
Q2: What happened after the economy dropped off around 2008?
A2: many retail spaces available for let
Q3: What major department stores gottheir starts in Cork?
A3: Dunnes Stores and the former Roches Stores
Q4: When will work on the Grand Parade begin?
A4: 2016
Q5: How large is the retail space in the Grand Parade proposed to be?
A5: 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2)
Title: Estonian_language
Topic: Language and literature

The return of Soviet immigrants to their countries of origin has brought the proportion of Estonians in Estonia back above 70%. And again as in Latvia, today many of the remnant non-Estonians in Estonia have adopted the Estonian language; about 40% at the 2000 census.

Q1: Following the departure of the Soviet immigrants what was the percentage of Estonians in Estonia?
A1: above 70%
Title: Arsenal_F.C.
Topic: Sports and recreation

The return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory. Arsenal won the League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. This was followed by a League title win in 1988–89, won with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool. Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and a second European trophy, the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995. His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.

Q1: What former Arsenal player became manager in 1986?
A1: George Graham
Q2: Under the direction of Graham, what trophy did Arsenal win in 1987?
A2: League Cup
Q3: What competitor did Arsenal defeat to win a league title in the 1988-89 season?
A3: Liverpool
Q4: In what year did Arsenal win their second European cup?
A4: 1994
Q5: What action did Graham get caught doing to get fired by Arsenal?
A5: kickbacks
Title: Heresy
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The revisionist paleontologist Robert T. Bakker, who published his findings as The Dinosaur Heresies, treated the mainstream view of dinosaurs as dogma. "I have enormous respect for dinosaur paleontologists past and present. But on average, for the last fifty years, the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough." page 27 "Most taxonomists, however, have viewed such new terminology as dangerously destabilizing to the traditional and well-known scheme..." page 462. This book apparently influenced Jurassic Park. The illustrations by the author show dinosaurs in very active poses, in contrast to the traditional perception of lethargy. He is an example of a recent scientific endoheretic.

Q1: What is the title of the book published by Robert T. Bakker regarding mainstream opinion of dinosaurs?
A1: The Dinosaur Heresies
Q2: What criticism did Robert T. Bakker share about the paleontologist community regarding the last fifty years?
A2: the field hasn't tested dinosaur orthodoxy severely enough
Q3: What film did Robert T. Bakker's book reportedly influence?
A3: Jurassic Park
Q4: What type of poses did the book's illustrations portray dinosaurs as?
A4: active poses
Q5: What label is associated with Robert T. Bakker as a result of his work?
A5: endoheretic
Title: Georgian_architecture
Topic: Art and architecture

The revived Georgian style that emerged in Britain at the beginning of the 20th century is usually referred to as Neo-Georgian; the work of Edwin Lutyens includes many examples. Versions of the Neo-Georgian style were commonly used in Britain for certain types of urban architecture until the late 1950s, Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters in Salford of 1958 being a good example. In both the United States and Britain, the Georgian style is still employed by architects like Quinlan Terry Julian Bicknell and Fairfax and Sammons for private residences.

Q1: The British revival of Georgian architecture in the 20th century is generally referred to as?
A1: Neo-Georgian
Q2: Neo-Georgain style was common in Britain until the end of which decade?
A2: 1950s
Q3: Which police headquarters was constructed in 1958?
A3: Bradshaw Gass & Hope's Police Headquarters
Q4: Which architects in the US and Britain still employ the Georgian style for private residences?
A4: Quinlan Terry Julian Bicknell and Fairfax and Sammons
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974. That same year, Barre also served as chairman of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the predecessor of the African Union (AU).

Q1: What did the new government nationalize along with land?
A1: industry
Q2: What international body did the new government join?
A2: the Arab League
Q3: In what year did the new government enter the Arab League?
A3: 1974
Q4: What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become?
A4: the African Union
Q5: What rate did the new government's programs significantly increase?
A5: literacy
Title: Circadian_rhythm
Topic: Natural sciences

The rhythm is linked to the light–dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a free-running rhythm. Their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward each "day", depending on whether their "day", their endogenous period, is shorter or longer than 24 hours. The environmental cues that reset the rhythms each day are called zeitgebers (from the German, "time-givers"). Totally blind subterranean mammals (e.g., blind mole rat Spalax sp.) are able to maintain their endogenous clocks in the apparent absence of external stimuli. Although they lack image-forming eyes, their photoreceptors (which detect light) are still functional; they do surface periodically as well.[page needed]

Q1: To what is the circadian rhythm tied?
A1: light–dark cycle
Q2: What conditions will produce a free-running rhythm in humans?
A2: total darkness
Q3: What are the environmental factors that can change the rhythm?
A3: zeitgebers
Q4: What do blind mole rats have in place of vision?
A4: photoreceptors
Title: University_of_Notre_Dame
Topic: Geography and places

The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.

Q1: What caused many intellectual Catholics to leave europe in the 1930s?
A1: The rise of Hitler and other dictators
Q2: From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame?
A2: Germany
Q3: What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in?
A3: classics and law
Q4: Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate?
A4: Max Scheler
Q5: What was Ivan Meštrović known for being?
A5: a renowned sculptor
Title: Political_philosophy
Topic: History

The rise of Islam, based on both the Qur'an and Muhammad strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region. Early Islamic philosophy emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion, and the process of ijtihad to find truth—in effect all philosophy was "political" as it had real implications for governance. This view was challenged by the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers, who held a more Hellenic view, reason above revelation, and as such are known to modern scholars as the first speculative theologians of Islam; they were supported by a secular aristocracy who sought freedom of action independent of the Caliphate. By the late ancient period, however, the "traditionalist" Asharite view of Islam had in general triumphed. According to the Asharites, reason must be subordinate to the Quran and the Sunna.

Q1: What strongly altered the power balances and perceptions of origin of power in the Mediterranean region?
A1: The rise of Islam
Q2: What emphasized an inexorable link between science and religion?
A2: Early Islamic philosophy
Q3: Who challenged the early Islamic philosophy's views?
A3: the "rationalist" Mutazilite philosophers
Q4: What type of views did the "rationalist" Mutaziite philosophers hold?
A4: Hellenic view
Title: Ottoman_Empire
Topic: History

The rise of port cities saw the clustering of populations caused by the development of steamships and railroads. Urbanization increased from 1700 to 1922, with towns and cities growing. Improvements in health and sanitation made them more attractive to live and work in. Port cities like Salonica, in Greece, saw its population rise from 55,000 in 1800 to 160,000 in 1912 and İzmir which had a population of 150,000 in 1800 grew to 300,000 by 1914. Some regions conversely had population falls – Belgrade saw its population drop from 25,000 to 8,000 mainly due to political strife.

Q1: The rise of ports caused what in populations?
A1: the clustering of populations
Q2: Steamships and railroads rose with what else?
A2: The rise of port cities
Q3: In what year did urbanization in the Ottoman empire begin to increase?
A3: 1700
Q4: What were two improvements that made cities more desirable to live in?
A4: Improvements in health and sanitation
Q5: What was the population of Salonica in 1800?
A5: 55,000
Title: Tuvalu
Topic: Geography and places

The rising population has resulted in an increased demand on fish stocks, which are under stress; although the creation of the Funafuti Conservation Area has provided a fishing exclusion area to help sustain the fish population across the Funafuti lagoon. Population pressure on the resources of Funafuti and inadequate sanitation systems have resulted in pollution. The Waste Operations and Services Act of 2009 provides the legal framework for waste management and pollution control projects funded by the European Union directed at organic waste composting in eco-sanitation systems. The Environment Protection (Litter and Waste Control) Regulation 2013 is intended to improve the management of the importation of non-biodegradable materials. In Tuvalu plastic waste is a problem as much imported food and other commodities are supplied in plastic containers or packaging.

Q1: What has been formed to protect the fish stocks in Tuvalu Lagoon?
A1: Funafuti Conservation Area
Q2: What factor has caused an increased demand for fish?
A2: rising population
Q3: What has growth in population and poor sanitation caused?
A3: pollution
Q4: What organization has funded a waste management control plan on Tuvalu?
A4: European Union
Q5: What do imports produce on Tuvalu?
A5: plastic waste
Title: Tuberculosis
Topic: Natural sciences

The risk of reactivation increases with immunosuppression, such as that caused by infection with HIV. In people coinfected with M. tuberculosis and HIV, the risk of reactivation increases to 10% per year. Studies using DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis strains have shown reinfection contributes more substantially to recurrent TB than previously thought, with estimates that it might account for more than 50% of reactivated cases in areas where TB is common. The chance of death from a case of tuberculosis is about 4% as of 2008, down from 8% in 1995.

Q1: As immunosuppression goes up in tuberculosis cases, what risk rises with it? 
A1: reactivation
Q2: What disease has a similar relationship as TB does between reactivation and immunosuppression?
A2: HIV
Q3: If you'd been diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1995, how great a chance would you have faced of dying from it?
A3: 8%
Q4: In what year did the risk of dying from TB reach half what it was in 1995?
A4: 2008
Q5: New studies have found that half of reactivation cases of tuberculosis might actually be due to what other "re-" word?
A5: reinfection
Title: Freemasonry
Topic: Unknown

The ritual form on which the Grand Orient of France was based was abolished in England in the events leading to the formation of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1813. However the two jurisdictions continued in amity (mutual recognition) until events of the 1860s and 1870s drove a seemingly permanent wedge between them. In 1868 the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of the State of Louisiana appeared in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, recognised by the Grand Orient de France, but regarded by the older body as an invasion of their jurisdiction. The new Scottish rite body admitted blacks, and the resolution of the Grand Orient the following year that neither colour, race, nor religion could disqualify a man from Masonry prompted the Grand Lodge to withdraw recognition, and it persuaded other American Grand Lodges to do the same.

Q1: When was the United Grand Lodge of England Formed?
A1: 1813
Q2: The Grand Orient de France and the United Grand Lodge of England continued in amity until when?
A2: the 1860s and 1870s
Q3: What year did the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Louisiana appear in the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana?
A3: 1868
Title: Samurai
Topic: Language and literature

The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives and embrace death are not true warriors.... Go to the battlefield firmly confident of victory, and you will come home with no wounds whatever. Engage in combat fully determined to die and you will be alive; wish to survive in the battle and you will surely meet death. When you leave the house determined not to see it again you will come home safely; when you have any thought of returning you will not return. You may not be in the wrong to think that the world is always subject to change, but the warrior must not entertain this way of thinking, for his fate is always determined."

Q1: Who was Takeda's rival?
A1: Uesugi Kenshin
Q2: What did Uesugi encourage?
A2: the "way of the warrior as death"
Q3: What was Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki's occupation?
A3: Japanese historian
Q4: When was Takeda born?
A4: 1521
Q5: When was Uesugi born?
A5: 1530
Title: Umayyad_Caliphate
Topic: History

The rivalries between the Arab tribes had caused unrest in the provinces outside Syria, most notably in the Second Muslim Civil War of 680–692 CE and the Berber Revolt of 740–743 CE. During the Second Civil War, leadership of the Umayyad clan shifted from the Sufyanid branch of the family to the Marwanid branch. As the constant campaigning exhausted the resources and manpower of the state, the Umayyads, weakened by the Third Muslim Civil War of 744–747 CE, were finally toppled by the Abbasid Revolution in 750 CE/132 AH. A branch of the family fled across North Africa to Al-Andalus, where they established the Caliphate of Córdoba, which lasted until 1031 before falling due to the Fitna of al-Ándalus.

Q1: In what year CE did the Second Muslim Civil War end?
A1: 692
Q2: During what period did the Berber Revolt occur?
A2: 740–743 CE
Q3: What branch took over Umayyad leadership during the Second Civil War?
A3: Marwanid
Title: Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Topic: Video games

The rivalry between Nintendo and Sega resulted in what has been described as one of the most notable console wars in video game history, in which Sega positioned the Genesis as the "cool" console, with more mature titles aimed at older gamers, and edgy advertisements that occasionally attacked the competition. Nintendo however, scored an early public relations advantage by securing the first console conversion of Capcom's arcade classic Street Fighter II for SNES, which took over a year to make the transition to Genesis. Despite the Genesis's head start, much larger library of games, and lower price point, the Genesis only represented an estimated 60% of the American 16-bit console market in June 1992, and neither console could maintain a definitive lead for several years. Donkey Kong Country is said to have helped establish the SNES's market prominence in the latter years of the 16-bit generation, and for a time, maintain against the PlayStation and Saturn. According to Nintendo, the company had sold more than 20 million SNES units in the U.S. According to a 2014 Wedbush Securities report based on NPD sales data, the SNES ultimately outsold the Genesis in the U.S. market.

Q1: What market did the Genesis target?
A1: older gamers
Q2: How much sooner than the Genesis did the Street Fighter II game come out for SNES?
A2: over a year
Q3: How much of the US 16-bit console market did the Genesis have in summer 1992?
A3: 60%
Q4: What game was key to the SNES's success?
A4: Donkey Kong Country
Q5: How many SNES units were sold in the US overall?
A5: more than 20 million
Title: Alps
Topic: Geography and places

The rivers form lakes, such as Lake Geneva, a crescent shaped lake crossing the Swiss border with Lausanne on the Swiss side and the town of Evian-les-Bains on the French side. In Germany, the medieval St. Bartholomew's chapel was built on the south side of the Königssee, accessible only by boat or by climbing over the abutting peaks.

Q1: Where is the medieval St. Bartholomew Chapel located?
A1: Germany
Q2: What side of the Konigssee was St. Bartholomew's chapel built?
A2: south side
Q3: What do the rivers form?
A3: lakes
Title: North_Carolina
Topic: Geography and places

The road to Yorktown and America's independence from Great Britain led through North Carolina. As the British Army moved north from victories in Charleston and Camden, South Carolina, the Southern Division of the Continental Army and local militia prepared to meet them. Following General Daniel Morgan's victory over the British Cavalry Commander Banastre Tarleton at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781, southern commander Nathanael Greene led British Lord Charles Cornwallis across the heartland of North Carolina, and away from the latter's base of supply in Charleston, South Carolina. This campaign is known as "The Race to the Dan" or "The Race for the River."

Q1: Who met the British army as they moved north?
A1: the Southern Division of the Continental Army and local militia
Q2: Who lost the battle of Cowpens?
A2: the British Cavalry
Q3: Who led the British calvary at Cowpen?
A3: Commander Banastre Tarleton
Q4: What was the date of the battle of Cowpens?
A4: January 17, 1781
Q5: What is another name for the race to the Dan?
A5: The Race for the River
Title: Central_Intelligence_Agency
Topic: Geography and places

The role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki) (SVR), the Indian Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the French foreign intelligence service Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) and Israel's Mossad. While the preceding agencies both collect and analyze information, some like the U.S. State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research are purely analytical agencies.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the UK's equivalent to the CIA?
A1: Secret Intelligence Service
Q2: What does ASIS stand for?
A2: Australian Secret Intelligence Service
Q3: What is the name of Israel's intelligence agency?
A3: Mossad
Q4: What is the acronym for French's intelligence service?
A4: DGSE
Q5: What is the acronym for India's Research and Analysis Wing?
A5: RAW
Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Topic: Engineering and technology

The role of the gas is to prevent evaporation of the filament, without introducing significant heat losses. For these properties, chemical inertness and high atomic or molecular weight is desirable. The presence of gas molecules knocks the liberated tungsten atoms back to the filament, reducing its evaporation and allowing it to be operated at higher temperature without reducing its life (or, for operating at the same temperature, prolongs the filament life). It however introduces heat losses (and therefore efficiency loss) from the filament, by heat conduction and heat convection.

Q1: What is a potential problem with the use of gas in a light bulb?
A1: introduces heat losses (and therefore efficiency loss)
Q2: What are the ideal chemical properties for the gas in a light bulb?
A2: chemical inertness and high atomic or molecular weight
Q3: What is the purpose of the gas in a light bulb?
A3: to prevent evaporation of the filament, without introducing significant heat losses
Q4: How do gases prevent evaporation of the filament?
A4: The presence of gas molecules knocks the liberated tungsten atoms back to the filament
Title: Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
Topic: History

The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined. To a large extent, the functions of the minority leader are defined by tradition and custom. A minority leader from 1931 to 1939, Representative Bertrand Snell, R-N.Y., provided this "job description": "He is spokesman for his party and enunciates its policies. He is required to be alert and vigilant in defense of the minority's rights. It is his function and duty to criticize constructively the policies and programs of the majority, and to this end employ parliamentary tactics and give close attention to all proposed legislation."

Q1: Are minority leadership roles specified closely?
A1: are not well-defined
Q2: What congressman largely specified the job description of minority leader?
A2: Representative Bertrand Snell
Q3: What despcription was assigned to minority leader in part?
A3: He is spokesman for his party and enunciates its policies.
Q4: What defines a large part of minority leader role?
A4: tradition and custom
Title: Buddhism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The root schism was between the Sthaviras and the Mahāsāṅghikas. The fortunate survival of accounts from both sides of the dispute reveals disparate traditions. The Sthavira group offers two quite distinct reasons for the schism. The Dipavamsa of the Theravāda says that the losing party in the Second Council dispute broke away in protest and formed the Mahasanghika. This contradicts the Mahasanghikas' own vinaya, which shows them as on the same, winning side. The Mahāsāṅghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand the vinaya and may also have challenged what they perceived were excessive claims or inhumanly high criteria for arhatship. Both parties, therefore, appealed to tradition.

Q1: The major schism was between the Sthaviras and what other group?
A1: Mahasanghikas
Q2: The Dipavamsa says that the losing party broke away in protest and formed what?
A2: Mahasanghika
Q3: The Mahasanghikas argued that the Sthaviras were trying to expand what?
A3: the vinaya
Title: Botany
Topic: Natural sciences

The root system and the shoot system are interdependent – the usually nonphotosynthetic root system depends on the shoot system for food, and the usually photosynthetic shoot system depends on water and minerals from the root system. Cells in each system are capable of creating cells of the other and producing adventitious shoots or roots. Stolons and tubers are examples of shoots that can grow roots. Roots that spread out close to the surface, such as those of willows, can produce shoots and ultimately new plants. In the event that one of the systems is lost, the other can often regrow it. In fact it is possible to grow an entire plant from a single leaf, as is the case with Saintpaulia, or even a single cell – which can dedifferentiate into a callus (a mass of unspecialised cells) that can grow into a new plant. In vascular plants, the xylem and phloem are the conductive tissues that transport resources between shoots and roots. Roots are often adapted to store food such as sugars or starch, as in sugar beets and carrots.

Q1: Do the roots and shoots need each other?
A1: interdependent
Q2: What do the roots get from the shoots?
A2: food
Q3: What do the shoots get from the roots?
A3: water and minerals
Q4: What are roots used for in beets and carrots?
A4: to store food
Q5: What happens if a plant looses roots or its shoots?
A5: can often regrow it
Title: Greeks
Topic: History

The roots of Greek success in the Ottoman Empire can be traced to the Greek tradition of education and commerce. It was the wealth of the extensive merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821. Not coincidentally, on the eve of 1821, the three most important centres of Greek learning were situated in Chios, Smyrna and Aivali, all three major centres of Greek commerce. Greek success was also favoured by Greek domination of the Christian Orthodox church.

Q1: What did the Greeks offer to the Ottoman Empire that was a superb benefit ? 
A1: the Greek tradition of education and commerce
Q2: Who held much of the wealth in the Greek society ?
A2: the wealth of the extensive merchant class
Q3: What three cities were imperative for the scholarly and economic exchanges ?
A3: the three most important centres of Greek learning were situated in Chios, Smyrna and Aivali, all three major centres of Greek commerce
Q4: What other area fields were overshadowed by Greek influence ?
A4: Greek domination of the Christian Orthodox church.
Title: Orthodox_Judaism
Topic: Philosophy and religion

The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contemporary scholarship. They rejected claims of the absolute divine authorship of the Torah, declaring only biblical laws concerning ethics to be binding, and stated that the rest of halakha (Jewish law) need not be viewed as normative for Jews in wider society. (see Reform Judaism).

Q1: When can the roots of orthodox judaism be traced to?
A1: 19th century
Q2: When did the German Jewry seek to reform Jewish belief?
A2: early 19th century
Q3: what did orthodox jews seek to modernize?
A3: education
Q4: what did the German Jewry reject about the Torah?
A4: absolute divine authorship
Title: Presbyterianism
Topic: History

The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon "Plan of Union of 1801" for frontier areas.

Q1: Where do most presbyterian churches trace their history back to?
A1: Scotland
Q2: When did the reformation during the roots of Presbyterianism take place?
A2: 16th century
Q3: Which group did Presbyterian churches union with?
A3: Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists
Title: Hard_rock
Topic: Music

The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues, which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental "Rumble" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962).

Q1: What genre laid the roots for hard rock?
A1: electric blues
Q2: Who recorded "Rumble"?
A2: Link Wray
Q3: When was "Rumble" released?
A3: 1958
Q4: What were two of Dick Dale's better known songs?
A4: "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962)
Q5: What city's blues style produced hard rock precursors in electric blues?
A5: Memphis
Title: Electric_motor
Topic: Engineering and technology

The rotating armature consists of one or more coils of wire wound around a laminated, magnetically "soft" ferromagnetic core. Current from the brushes flows through the commutator and one winding of the armature, making it a temporary magnet (an electromagnet). The magnetic field produced by the armature interacts with a stationary magnetic field produced by either PMs or another winding a field coil, as part of the motor frame. The force between the two magnetic fields tends to rotate the motor shaft. The commutator switches power to the coils as the rotor turns, keeping the magnetic poles of the rotor from ever fully aligning with the magnetic poles of the stator field, so that the rotor never stops (like a compass needle does), but rather keeps rotating as long as power is applied.

Q1: Current flowing to create a temporary magent is called what?
A1: electromagnet
Q2: What rotates the motor shaft?
A2: force between the two magnetic fields
Q3: What element of the motor keeps the poles from alligning?
A3: commutator
Q4: What non-motor device demonstrates why a commutator is needed?
A4: compass
Title: 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay
Topic: Sports and recreation

The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.

Q1: How many continents did the torch visit?
A1: six
Q2: What was the stop that was to happen between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong?
A2: Taipei
Q3: The Republic of China felt that the wrong decision could place Taiwan on the same level as what two areas?
A3: Hong Kong and Macau
Q4: The torch route covered six what?
A4: continents
Q5: What government disagreed on the language used to describe the torch route?
A5: Taiwan.
Q6: What two places did Taiwan not want to be considered equal with in the language of the torch's route description?
A6: Hong Kong and Macau
Q7: How many kilometers was the torch supposed to go through Taiwan?
A7: 24
Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Topic: Geography and places

The rugby union team The Rock is the Eastern Canadian entry in the Americas Rugby Championship. The Rock play their home games at Swilers Rugby Park, as did the Rugby Canada Super League champions for 2005 and 2006, the Newfoundland Rock. The city hosted a Rugby World Cup qualifying match between Canada and the USA on 12 August 2006, where the Canadians heavily defeated the USA 56–7 to qualify for the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals in France. The 2007 age-grade Rugby Canada National Championship Festival was held in the city.

Q1: Where do The Rock play their home games at?
A1: Swilers Rugby Park
Q2: Who won the the Rugby Canada Super League championship in 2005?
A2: Newfoundland Rock
Q3: In what country was the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals?
A3: France
Q4: In what year did Canada beat USA 56–7 in a Rugby World Cup qualifying match?
A4: 2006
Q5: In what year did France host the Rugby World Cup finals?
A5: 2007
Title: Rule_of_law
Topic: History

The rule of law has been considered as one of the key dimensions that determine the quality and good governance of a country. Research, like the Worldwide Governance Indicators, defines the rule of law as: "the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, the police and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime or violence." Based on this definition the Worldwide Governance Indicators project has developed aggregate measurements for the rule of law in more than 200 countries, as seen in the map below. A government based on the rule of law can be called a "nomocracy", from the Greek nomos (law) and kratos (power or rule).

Q1: For how many countries have rule of law aggregate measurements been developed?
A1: more than 200 countries
Q2: What is the term that described a government based on the rule of law?
A2: nomocracy
Q3: What is the Greek word for law?
A3: nomos
Q4: What is the Greek word for power?
A4: kratos
Q5: What is a key qualifier for determining good governance?
A5: rule of law
Title: Rule_of_law
Topic: History

The rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour of government officials. The phrase can be traced back to 16th century Britain, and in the following century the Scottish theologian Samuel Rutherford used the phrase in his argument against the divine right of kings. The rule of law was further popularized in the 19th century by British jurist A. V. Dicey. The concept, if not the phrase, was familiar to ancient philosophers such as Aristotle, who wrote "Law should govern".

Q1: Which Scottish theologian is first credited with using the phrase "rule of law"?
A1: Samuel Rutherford
Q2: Which British jurist later made the phrase "rule of law" popular in the 1800s?
A2: A. V. Dicey
Q3: What phrase Ariostle also use which is closely related to "the rule of law"?
A3: Law should govern
Q4: Samuel Rutherford used the principle of the rule of law to argue what point?
A4: against the divine right of kings
Q5: According to the rule of law, what should hold the determination for rules in a land? 
A5: law
Title: Sichuan
Topic: History

The rulers of the expansionist Qin dynasty, based in present-day Gansu and Shaanxi, were only the first strategists to realize that the area's military importance matched its commercial and agricultural significance. The Sichuan basin is surrounded by the Himalayas to the west, the Qin Mountains to the north, and mountainous areas of Yunnan to the south. Since the Yangtze flows through the basin and then through the perilous Yangzi Gorges to eastern and southern China, Sichuan was a staging area for amphibious military forces and a refuge for political refugees.[citation needed]

Q1: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the west?
A1: the Himalayas
Q2: What mountains surround the Sichuan basin to the North?
A2: Qin Mountains
Q3: What river flows through the Sichuan basin?
A3: Yangtze
Q4: Where was the Qin dynasty based?
A4: present-day Gansu and Shaanxi
Q5: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the South?
A5: mountainous areas of Yunnan
Title: Great_Plains
Topic: History

The rural Plains have lost a third of their population since 1920. Several hundred thousand square miles (several hundred thousand square kilometers) of the Great Plains have fewer than 6 inhabitants per square mile (2.3 inhabitants per square kilometer)—the density standard Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the American frontier "closed" in 1893. Many have fewer than 2 inhabitants per square mile (0.77 inhabitants per square kilometer). There are more than 6,000 ghost towns in the state of Kansas alone, according to Kansas historian Daniel Fitzgerald. This problem is often exacerbated by the consolidation of farms and the difficulty of attracting modern industry to the region. In addition, the smaller school-age population has forced the consolidation of school districts and the closure of high schools in some communities. The continuing population loss has led some to suggest that the current use of the drier parts of the Great Plains is not sustainable, and there has been a proposal - the "Buffalo Commons" - to return approximately 139,000 square miles (360,000 km2) of these drier parts to native prairie land.

Q1: how much of the population have the rural plains lost since 1920? 
A1: a third
Q2: who declated the American frontier "closed" in 1893?
A2: Frederick Jackson Turner
Q3: how many ghost towns are in the state of Kansas?
A3: more than 6,000
Q4: how much prarie land does the "Buffalo Commons" want to return?
A4: 139,000 square miles
Title: Macintosh
Topic: Engineering and technology

The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors is due to the desktop iMac moving from affordable (iMac G3) to upscale (iMac G4) and subsequent releases are considered premium all-in-ones. By contrast the MSRP of the MacBook laptop lines have dropped through successive generations such that the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro constitute the lowest price of entry to a Mac, with the exception of the even more inexpensive Mac Mini (the only sub-$1000 offering from Apple, albeit without a monitor and keyboard), not surprisingly the MacBooks are the top-selling form factors of the Macintosh platform today. The use of Intel microprocessors has helped Macs more directly compete with their Windows counterparts on price and performance, and by the 2010s Apple was receiving Intel's latest CPUs first before other PC manufacturers.

Q1: In 2009, how many Macs sold were laptops?
A1: seven out of ten
Q2: What has helped Macs more directly compete with Windows on price and performance?
A2: The use of Intel microprocessors
Q3: In 2010, what did Apple receive before other PC manufacturers?
A3: Intel's latest CPUs
Q4: What are the top-selling form factors of the Mac platform today?
A4: MacBooks
Q5: What is the name of the most inexpensive Mac offered?
A5: Mac Mini
Title: Insect
Topic: Natural sciences

The salivary glands (element 30 in numbered diagram) in an insect's mouth produce saliva. The salivary ducts lead from the glands to the reservoirs and then forward through the head to an opening called the salivarium, located behind the hypopharynx. By moving its mouthparts (element 32 in numbered diagram) the insect can mix its food with saliva. The mixture of saliva and food then travels through the salivary tubes into the mouth, where it begins to break down. Some insects, like flies, have extra-oral digestion. Insects using extra-oral digestion expel digestive enzymes onto their food to break it down. This strategy allows insects to extract a significant proportion of the available nutrients from the food source.:31 The gut is where almost all of insects' digestion takes place. It can be divided into the foregut, midgut and hindgut.

Q1: What produces saliva in an insects mouth?
A1: salivary glands
Q2: What leads from the salivary glands to the reservoirs?
A2: salivary ducts
Q3: What is an opening through the head called?
A3: salivarium
Q4: Where is the salivarium located?
A4: behind the hypopharynx
Q5: Where does an insect's digestion happen?
A5: The gut
Title: Unicode
Topic: Engineering and technology

The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from local 8-bit code pages. However RFC 3629, the UTF-8 standard, recommends that byte order marks be forbidden in protocols using UTF-8, but discusses the cases where this may not be possible. In addition, the large restriction on possible patterns in UTF-8 (for instance there cannot be any lone bytes with the high bit set) means that it should be possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other character encodings without relying on the BOM.

Q1: What is the UTF-8 standard? 
A1: RFC 3629
Q2: Byte order marks are forbidden in protocols using what standard? 
A2: UTF-8
Q3: Why is it possible to distinguish UTF-8 from other protocols?
A3: the large restriction on possible patterns
Title: Bird_migration
Topic: Natural sciences

The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for example, brent geese Branta bernicla migrating from the Taymyr Peninsula to the Wadden Sea travel via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea rather than directly across the Arctic Ocean and northern Scandinavia.

Q1: What do water birds avoid while migrating?
A1: a large area of land without bodies of water
Q2: Where do brent geese migrate from?
A2: the Taymyr Peninsula
Q3: Where do brent geese migrate to?
A3: the Wadden Sea
Q4: How do brent geese migrate?
A4: via the White Sea coast and the Baltic Sea
Title: Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Topic: History

The same divine agencies who caused disease or harm also had the power to avert it, and so might be placated in advance. Divine consideration might be sought to avoid the inconvenient delays of a journey, or encounters with banditry, piracy and shipwreck, with due gratitude to be rendered on safe arrival or return. In times of great crisis, the Senate could decree collective public rites, in which Rome's citizens, including women and children, moved in procession from one temple to the next, supplicating the gods.

Q1: What elements had the power of benefit or harm in Roman religion?
A1: divine agencies
Q2: What kind of intervention could be sought to avoid disasters?
A2: Divine
Q3: What was expected when the divine intervention benefited the patron?
A3: gratitude
Q4: What act was decreed in times of crisis in Rome?
A4: public rites
Q5: What was the point of public procession to the god's temples?
A5: supplicating the gods
Title: Catalan_language
Topic: Language and literature

The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna. However, the Arabic element in Spanish is generally much more prevalent.

Q1: What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan?
A1: Arabic element
Q2: What language loanwords are found in both Spanish and Catalan?
A2: Arabic loanwords
Q3: In which language is the Arabic element stand out more?
A3: Spanish
Q4: Where does the Catalan word alfabia come from?
A4: of Arabic origin
Q5: What is the origin of the Spanish word teja?
A5: Latin origin
Title: Political_corruption
Topic: Social sciences and society

The scale of humanitarian aid to the poor and unstable regions of the world grows, but it is highly vulnerable to corruption, with food aid, construction and other highly valued assistance as the most at risk. Food aid can be directly and physically diverted from its intended destination, or indirectly through the manipulation of assessments, targeting, registration and distributions to favor certain groups or individuals.

Q1: Along with food aid, what is most at risk in these countries?
A1: construction
Q2: How is food aid usually directly redirected from the people it should go to?
A2: physically diverted
Q3: Food aid can also be indirectly diverted from its intended recipients through the manipulation of what?
A3: assessments
Title: Somalis
Topic: Geography and places

The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Somalis from explorers and geographers in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. Since 1980, prominent Somalist scholars from around the world have also gathered annually to hold the International Congress of Somali Studies.

Q1: What is the academic study of the Somali people called?
A1: Somali Studies
Q2: Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies?
A2: anthropology
Q3: Along with chronicles and records, what indigenous sources are used in Somali Studies?
A3: oral literature
Q4: What is the name of the annual gathering of Somali Studies scholars?
A4: the International Congress of Somali Studies
Q5: When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin?
A5: 1980