LuYuxing/MetaBench huggingface dataset:
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Untargeted metabolomic analysis of human milk from healthy mothers reveals drivers of metabolite variability.'.
Answer: Understanding the human milk metabolome can help inform infant nutrition and health. Untargeted metabolomics was used to study breast milk from 31 healthy participants to assess the shared metabolites in milk from participants with various backgrounds and understand how different demographic, health, and environmental factors impact the milk metabolome. Breast milk samples were analyzed by four separate UPLC-MS/MS methods. Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis was used to study the most and least variable metabolites. The associations between participant factors and the metabolome were assessed with redundancy analyses. Among all 31 participants and between each untargeted UPLC-MS/MS method, 731 metabolites were detected, of which 389 were shared among all participants. Of the shared metabolites, lactose was the least and lactobionate the most variable metabolite. In the biological super pathway analysis, xenobiotics were the most variable metabolites. Infant age, maternal age, number of live births, and pre-pregnancy BMI were associated with the milk metabolome. In conclusion, the most variable metabolites originate from environmental exposures while the well-conserved core metabolites are linked to cell metabolism or are crucial for infant nutrition and osmoregulation. Understanding the variability of the breast milk metabolome can help identify components that are crucial for infant nutrition, growth, and development.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Multiomic profiling of medulloblastoma reveals subtype-specific targetable alterations at the proteome and N-glycan level (Metabolite profiling)'.
Answer: Medulloblastomas (MBs) are malignant pediatric brain tumors that are molecularly and clinically very heterogenous. The application of omics technologies - mainly studying nucleic acids - has significantly improved MB classification and stratification, but treatment options are still unsatisfactory. The proteome and their N-glycans reflect the phenotype of a tumor in a more direct way and thus hold the potential to discover clinically relevant phenotypes and targetable pathways. We compiled a harmonized proteome dataset of 167 MBs and integrated findings with DNA methylome and N-glycome data. Six proteome MB subtypes emerged, that could be assigned to two main molecular programs: transcription/translation (pSHHt, pWNT and pGroup3myc), and synapses/immunological processes (pSHHs, pGroup3 and pGroup4). Multiomic analysis revealed different conservation levels of proteome features across MB subtypes at the DNA methylome level. Aggressive pGroup3myc MBs and favourable pWNT MBs were most similar in cluster hierarchies concerning overall proteome patterns but showed different protein abundances of the vincristine resistance-associated multiprotein complex TriC/CCT and of N-glycan turnover-associated factors. The N-glycome reflected proteome subtypes and complex-bisecting N-glycans characterized pGroup3myc tumors. Our results shed light on new targetable alterations in MB and set a foundation for potential immunotherapies targeting glycan structures.Metabolite profiling is reported in the current study MTBLS9830.Amino acid profiling is reported in MTBLS9836.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Unbiased characterization of genotype-dependent metabolic regulations by metabolomic approach in Arabidopsis thaliana'.
Answer: Metabolites are not only the catalytic products of enzymatic reactions but also the active regulators or the ultimate phenotype of metabolic homeostasis in highly complex cellular processes. The modes of regulation at the metabolome level can be revealed by metabolic networks. We investigated the metabolic network between wild-type and 2 mutant (methionine-over accumulation 1 [mto1] and transparent testa4 [tt4]) plants regarding the alteration of metabolite accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the GC-TOF/MS analysis, we acquired quantitative information regarding over 170 metabolites, which has been analyzed by a novel score (ZMC, z-score of metabolite correlation) describing a characteristic metabolite in terms of correlation. Although the 2 mutants revealed no apparent morphological abnormalities, the overall correlation values in mto1 were much lower than those of the wild-type and tt4 plants, indicating the loss of overall network stability due to the uncontrolled accumulation of methionine. In the tt4 mutant, a new correlation between malate and sinapate was observed although the levels of malate, sinapate, and sinapoylmalate remain unchanged, suggesting an adaptive reconfiguration of the network. Gene-expression correlations presumably responsible for these metabolic networks were determined using the metabolite correlations as clues. Two Arabidopsis mutants, mto1 and tt4, exhibited the following changes in entire metabolome networks: the overall loss of metabolic stability (mto1) or the generation of a metabolic network of a backup pathway for the lost physiological functions (tt4). The expansion of metabolite correlation to gene-expression correlation provides detailed insights into the systemic understanding of the plant cellular process regarding metabolome and transcriptome.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'MaHPIC Experiment E03 - Quantitative Metabolomics of Macaca mulatta infected with Plasmodium coatneyi Hackeri strain to produce and integrate clinical, hematological, parasitological, and omics measures of acute, recrudescent, and chronic infections'.
Answer: MaHPIC Experimental Description: Malaria-naive male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), approximately four years of age, were inoculated intravenously with salivary gland sporozoites produced and isolated at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from multiple Anopheles species (An. dirus, An. gambiae, and An. stephensi) and then profiled for clinical, hematological, parasitological, immunological, functional genomic, lipidomic, proteomic, and metabolomic measurements. The experiment was designed for 100 days, and pre- and post-100 day periods to prepare subjects and administer curative treatments respectively. The anti-malarial drug artemether was subcuratively administered to all subjects at the initial peak of infection, one out of the five macaques received four additional subcurative treatments for subsequent recrudescence peaks. The experimental infection in one subject was ineffective but the macaque was followed-up for the same period of 100 days. The different clinical phases of the infection were clinically determined for each subject. Blood-stage curative doses of artemether were administered to all subjects at the end of the study. Capillary blood samples were collected daily for the measurement of CBCs, reticulocytes, and parasitemias. Capillary blood samples were collected every other day to obtain plasma for metabolomic analysis. Venous blood and bone marrow samples were collected at seven time points for functional genomic, proteomic, lipidomic, and immunological analyses.Within the MaHPIC, this project is known as ‘Experiment 03’. This dataset was produced by Dr. Regina Cordy and Manoj Khadka at Emory University. To access other publicly available results from 'E03' and other MaHPIC Experiments, including clinical results (specifics on drugs administered, diet, and veterinary interventions), and other omics, visit http://plasmodb.org/plasmo/mahpic.jsp . This page will be updated as datasets are released to the public. The experimental design and protocols for this study were approved by the Emory University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Complete list of dataset contributors:The MaHPIC Consortium, Jeremy D. DeBarry, Monica Cabrera-Mora, Mary R. Galinski, Manoj Khadka, Jessica C. Kissinger, Regina Joice Cordy, Esmeralda V.S. Meyer, Mustafa Nural, Eric A. Ortland, Rabindra M. TirouvanziamlPlease contact the Informatics Core with any questions / concerns / suggestions - mahpic-infocore@uga.eduLinked Studies: Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC)
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Faecal microbiota transplant from aged donor mice affects spatial learning and memory via modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity- and neurotransmission-related proteins in young recipients'.
Answer: BACKGROUND: The gut-brain axis and the intestinal microbiota are emerging as key players in health and disease. Shifts in intestinal microbiota composition affect a variety of systems, however, evidence of their direct impact on cognitive functions is still lacking. We tested whether faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from aged donor mice into young adult recipients affected the hippocampus, an area of the central nervous system (CNS) known to be affected by the ageing process, and related functions.METHODS AND FINDINGS: Young adult mice were transplanted with the microbiota from either aged or age-matched donor mice. Following transplantation, characterization of the microbiotas and metabolomics profiles along with a battery of cognitive and behavioural tests were performed. Label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to monitor protein expression in the hippocampus of the recipients. Gut permeability, levels of circulating cytokines and expression of markers of microglia cells were also assessed. FMT from aged donors led to impaired spatial learning and memory in young adult recipients, whereas anxiety, explorative behaviour and locomotor activity remained unaffected. This was paralleled by altered expression of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Also, a strong reduction of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production (Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibaculum and Ruminococcaceae) and disorders of the CNS (Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae) was observed. Finally, microglia cells of the hippocampus fimbria, acquired an ageing-like phenotype, while gut permeability and levels of circulating cytokines remained unaffected.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a direct effect of the age-associated shifts of the microbiota on protein expression and key functions of the central nervous system. Furthermore, these results additionally highlight the paramount importance of the gut-brain axis in ageing and provide a strong rationale to devise therapies aiming to restore a young-like microbiota to improve cognitive functions in the elderly.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Enterococcus faecalis readily adapts membrane phospholipid composition to environmental and genetic perturbation'.
Answer: The bacterial lipid membrane, consisting both of fatty acid (acyl) tails and polar head groups, responds to changing conditions through alteration of either the acyl tails and/or head groups. This plasticity is critical for cell survival as it allows maintenance of both the protective nature of the membrane as well as functioning membrane protein complexes. Bacteria that live in fatty-acid rich environments, such as those found in the human host, can exploit host fatty acids to synthesize their own membranes, in turn, altering their physiology. Enterococcus faecalis is such an organism that is a commensal of the mammalian intestine where it is exposed to fatty-acid rich bile, as well as a major cause of hospital infections during which it is exposed to serum that contains numerous fatty acids. Within, we employed a targeted approach to detect the most common phospholipid species within the membrane of E. faecalis OG1RF via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). We examined not only how the composition responds upon exposure to host fatty acids but also how deletion of genes predicted to synthesize the major polar head groups impacted lipid composition. Regardless of genetic background and differing basal lipid composition, all strains were able to alter their lipid composition upon exposure to individual host fatty acids. Specific gene deletion strains, however, had altered survival to membrane damaging agents. Combined, the enterococcal lipidome is highly resilient in response to both genetic and environmental perturbation, likely contributing to stress survival.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'An ambient-temperature storage and stabilization device performs comparably to flash-frozen collection for stool metabolomics in infants'.
Answer: BACKGROUND: Stool metabolites provide essential insights into the function of the gut microbiome. The current gold standard for storage of stool samples for metabolomics is flash-freezing at - 80 °C which can be inconvenient and expensive. Ambient temperature storage of stool is more practical, however no available methodologies adequately preserve the metabolomic profile of stool. A novel sampling kit (OMNImet.GUT; DNA Genotek, Inc.) was introduced for ambient temperature storage and stabilization of feces for metabolomics; we aimed to test the performance of this kit vs flash-freezing. To do this stool was collected from an infant's diaper was divided into 2 aliquots: 1) flash-frozen and 2) stored in an OMNImet.GUT tube at ambient temperature for 3-4 days. Samples from the same infant were collected at 2 different timepoints to assess metabolite changes over time. Subsequently, all samples underwent metabolomic analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).RESULTS: Paired fecal samples (flash-frozen and ambient temperature) from 16 infants were collected at 2 timepoints (32 individual samples, 64 aliquots). Similar numbers of metabolites were detected in both the frozen and ambient temperature samples (1126 in frozen, 1107 in ambient temperature, 1064 shared between sample types). Metabolite abundances were strongly correlated between storage methods (median Spearman correlation Rs = 0.785 across metabolites). Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis showed that samples from the same individuals at a given timepoint clustered closely, regardless of the storage method. Repeat samples from the same individual were compared by paired t-test, separately for the frozen and OMNImet.GUT. The number of metabolites in each biochemical class that significantly changed (p < 0.05) at timepoint 2 relative to timepoint 1 was similar in flash-frozen vs ambient temperature storage. Changes in microbiota modified metabolites over time were also consistent across both methodologies.CONCLUSION: Ambient temperature storage and stabilization of stool in the OMNImet.GUT device yielded comparable metabolomic results to flash freezing in terms of 1) the identity and abundance of detected biochemicals 2) the distinct metabolomic profiles of subjects and 3) changes in metabolites over time that are plausibly microbiota-induced. This method potentially provides a more convenient, less expensive home collection and storage option for stool metabolomic analysis.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Symbiotic bacteria-derived organic acids protect Delia antiqua larvae from entomopathogenic fungal infection'.
Answer: The protection of associated microbiota for their animal hosts against pathogen infection has been studied widely over the last 100 years. However, how those microbes protect the animal host is limitedly investigated. In former studies, body surface microbes of one insect, Delia antiqua, protect the insect larvae from infection with the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. By comparing the metabolites produced by microbes that protect the insect and microbes that cannot protect the insect, how the microbes protect the insect is answered. It turns out that body surface bacteria produce a metabolite cocktail that inhibit colonization of B. bassiana, and consequently protect the insect. This work reveals novel molecules that with antifungal activity, which may aid in discovery and expansion of new prophylactic and therapeutic natural chemicals for treating infectious diseases.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis is Associated with Altered Bile Acid Metabolism in Infantile Cholestasis'.
Answer: The co-occurrence of gut microbiota dysbiosis and bile acids (BAs) metabolism alteration has been reported in several human liver diseases. However, the gut microbiota dysbiosis in infantile cholestatic jaundice (CJ), and the linkage between gut bacterial changes and alterations of BAs metabolism are undetermined. To address this question, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine the compositional and functional differences in gut microbiota, and access their association with fecal levels of primary and secondary BAs in infants with CJ. Our data revealed that CJ infants showed marked declines in fecal levels of primary BAs and most secondary BAs. A decreased ratio of cholic acid (CA):chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in CJ indicated a shift in BA synthesis from the primary to the alternative BA pathway. The CJ-enriched bacterial taxa corresponds to genera Clostridium, Gemella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and family Enterobacteriaceae were negatively correlated with fecal BAs level and the CDCA:CA ratio, but positively correlated with the serological indexes of liver functions. An increased ratio of deoxycholic acid (DCA):CA was observed in a proportion of CJ. The CJ-depleted bacteria, including Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, were positively and negatively correlated with fecal levels of BAs and the serological markers of impaired liver function, respectively. In conclusion, the reduced concentration of BAs in the gut of CJ is correlated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. The altered gut microbiota of CJ is likely to upregulate the conversion from primary to secondary BAs.Linked cross omic data sets:Raw sequencing data associated with this study are available in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA): accession number PRJEB33641.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Survival, gene and metabolite responses of Litoria verreauxii alpina frogs to fungal disease chytridiomycosis'.
Answer: The fungal skin disease chytridiomycosis has caused the devastating decline and extinction of hundreds of amphibian species globally, yet the potential for evolving resistance, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We exposed 406 naïve, captive-raised alpine tree frogs (Litoria verreauxii alpina) to the aetiological agent Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in two concurrent and controlled infection experiments. We investigated (A) survival outcomes and clinical pathogen burdens between populations and clutches, and (B) individual host tissue responses to chytridiomycosis. Here we present multiple interrelated datasets associated with these exposure experiments, including animal signalment, survival and pathogen burden of 355 animals from Experiment A, and the following datasets related to 61 animals from Experiment B: animal signalment and pathogen burden; raw RNA-Seq reads from skin, liver and spleen tissues; de novo assembled transcriptomes for each tissue type; raw gene expression data; annotation data for each gene; and raw metabolite expression data from skin and liver tissues. These data provide an extensive baseline for future analyses.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Metabolic Profiling of Synovial Fluid in Human Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis'.
Answer: INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a common TMJ degenerative disease with an unclear mechanism. Synovial fluid (SF), an important component of TMJ, contains various proteins and metabolites that may directly contribute to OA. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of SF in TMJOA at the metabolite level.METHODS: Untargeted and widely targeted metabolic profiling were employed to identify metabolic changes in SF of 90 patients with different TMJOA grades according to TMJ magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTS: A total 1498 metabolites were detected. Most of the metabolites were amino acids and associated metabolites, benzene and substituted derivatives, and lipids. Among patients with mild, moderate and severe TMJOA, 164 gradually increasing and 176 gradually decreasing metabolites were identified, indicating that biosynthesis of cofactors, choline metabolism, mineral absorption and selenocompound metabolism are closely related to TMJOA grade. Combined metabolomics and clinical examination revealed 37 upregulated metabolites and 16 downregulated metabolites in patients with pain, of which 19 and 26 metabolites were positively and negatively correlated, respectively, with maximum interincisal opening. A model was constructed to diagnose TMJOA grade and nine biomarkers were identified. The identified metabolites are key to exploring the mechanism of TMJOA.DISCUSSION: In the present study, a metabolic profile was constructed and assessed using a much larger number of human SF samples from patients with TMJOA, and a model was established to contribute to the diagnosis of TMJOA grade. The findings expand our knowledge of metabolites in human SF of TMJOA patients, and provide an important basis for further research on the pathogenesis and treatment of TMJOA.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'BCAA insufficiency leads to premature ovarian insufficiency via ceramide-induced elevation of ROS (untargeted lipidomics)'.
Answer: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a disease featured by early menopause before 40 years of age, accompanied by an elevation of follicle-stimulating hormone. Though POI affects many aspects of women's health, its major causes remain unknown. Many clinical studies have shown that POI patients are generally underweight, indicating a potential correlation between POI and metabolic disorders. To understand the pathogenesis of POI, we performed metabolomics analysis on serum and identified branch-chain amino acid (BCAA) insufficiency-related metabolic disorders in two independent cohorts from two clinics. A low BCAA diet phenotypically reproduced the metabolic, endocrine, ovarian and reproductive changes of POI in young C57BL/6J mice. A mechanism study revealed that the BCAA insufficiency-induced POI is associated with abnormal activation of the ceramide-reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis and consequent impairment of ovarian granulosa cell function. Significantly, the dietary supplement of BCAA prevented the development of ROS-induced POI in female mice. The results of this pathogenic study will lead to the development of specific therapies for POI.Untargeted lipidomics is reported in the current study MTBLS6249.Targeted metabolomics is reported in MTBLS6267.