LuYuxing/MetaBench huggingface dataset:
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Multi-omics analysis revealed spermidine contributes to ovarian function improvement'.
Answer: Spermidine is involved in extensive cellular processes, including mammalian oocyte development. Wheat germ is a natural source of polyamines and contains high concentrations of spermidine. No studies have assessed the effects and mechanisms of action of wheat germ spermidine in regulating mammalian ovarian functions. Herein, a dietary experiment was conducted in mice administered wheat germ extract (WGE) for 90 days. Dietary WGE significantly increased spermidine absorption and affected the metabolism of the other polyamines (spermine and putrescine) in mouse intestines. Dietary intake of 50 g/kg WGE significantly increased the number of mouse pups per litter (p < 0.01), and the secreted levels of the sex hormones E2 and P4 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with a normal diet, WGE feeding led to significantly greater ovarian reserves and fewer atretic follicles (p < 0.001). Finally, co-relationship analysis revealed gut microbes that significantly correlated with sex hormone levels. In summary, our results confirm that wheat germ spermidine plays a beneficial role in mouse ovarian function. Moreover, changes in the structure of the gut microbiota are likely to be crucial for improving ovarian function.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Metabolomics analysis reveals the participation of efflux pumps and ornithine in the response of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E cells to challenge with propranolol'.
Answer: Efflux pumps are critically important membrane components that play a crucial role in strain tolerance in Pseudomonas putida to antibiotics and aromatic hydrocarbons that result in these toxicants being expelled from the bacteria. Here, the effect of propranolol on P. putida was examined by sudden addition of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/ml of this β-blocker to several strains of P. putida, including the wild type DOT-T1E and the efflux pump knockout mutants DOT-T1E-PS28 and DOT-T1E-18. Bacterial viability measurements reveal that the efflux pump TtgABC plays a more important role than the TtgGHI pump in strain tolerance to propranolol. Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy was then used as a rapid, high-throughput screening tool to investigate any phenotypic changes resulting from exposure to varying levels of propranolol. Multivariate statistical analysis of these MIR data revealed gradient trends in resultant ordination scores plots, which were related to the concentration of propranolol. MIR illustrated phenotypic changes associated with the presence of this drug within the cell that could be assigned to significant changes that occurred within the bacterial protein components. To complement this phenotypic fingerprinting approach metabolic profiling was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify metabolites of interest during the growth of bacteria following toxic perturbation with the same concentration levels of propranolol. Metabolic profiling revealed that ornithine, which was only produced by P. putida cells in the presence of propranolol, presents itself as a major metabolic feature that has important functions in propranolol stress tolerance mechanisms within this highly significant and environmentally relevant species of bacteria.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Early Soybean-Nematode Interactions: Transcriptomic Responses of Meloidogyne incognita at the Pre-Parasitic Stage and Metabolomic Profiling of Root Exudates'.
Answer: This dataset provides comprehensive metabolomic profiles from three experimental treatments involving Meloidogyne incognita and soybean root exudates. The data supports investigations into biochemical pathways and key metabolites associated with early plant-nematode interactions and serves as a resource for comparative studies on nematode behavior and plant defense mechanisms.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'GC-MS based targeted metabolic profiling identifies changes in the wheat metabolome following deoxynivalenol treatment'.
Answer: Fusarium graminearum and related species commonly infest grains causing the devastating plant disease Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the formation of trichothecene mycotoxins. The most relevant toxin is deoxynivalenol (DON), which acts as a virulence factor of the pathogen. FHB is difficult to control and resistance to this disease is a polygenic trait, mainly mediated by the quantitative trait loci (QTL) Fhb1 and Qfhs.ifa-5A. In this study we established a targeted GC-MS based metabolomics workflow comprising a standardized experimental setup for growth, treatment and sampling of wheat ears and subsequent GC-MS analysis followed by data processing and evaluation of QC measures using tailored statistical and bioinformatics tools. This workflow was applied to wheat samples of six genotypes with varying levels of Fusarium resistance, treated with either DON or water, and harvested 0, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after treatment. The results suggest that the primary carbohydrate metabolism and transport, the citric acid cycle and the primary nitrogen metabolism of wheat are clearly affected by DON treatment. Most importantly significantly elevated levels of amino acids and derived amines were observed. In particular, the concentrations of the three aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan increased. No clear QTL specific difference in the response could be observed except a generally faster increase in shikimate pathway intermediates in genotypes containing Fhb1. The overall workflow proved to be feasible and facilitated to obtain a more comprehensive picture on the effect of DON on the central metabolism of wheat.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Creation and Characterization of a Genomically Hybrid Strain in the Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiotic Bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti'.
Answer: Many bacteria, often associated with eukaryotic hosts and of relevance for biotechnological applications, harbor a multipartite genome composed of more than one replicon. Biotechnologically relevant phenotypes are often encoded by genes residing on the secondary replicons. A synthetic biology approach to developing enhanced strains for biotechnological purposes could therefore involve merging pieces or entire replicons from multiple strains into a single genome. Here we report the creation of a genomic hybrid strain in a model multipartite genome species, the plant-symbiotic bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. We term this strain as cis-hybrid, since it is produced by genomic material coming from the same species' pangenome. In particular, we moved the secondary replicon pSymA (accounting for nearly 20% of total genome content) from a donor S. meliloti strain to an acceptor strain. The cis-hybrid strain was screened for a panel of complex phenotypes (carbon/nitrogen utilization phenotypes, intra- and extracellular metabolomes, symbiosis, and various microbiological tests). Additionally, metabolic network reconstruction and constraint-based modeling were employed for in silico prediction of metabolic flux reorganization. Phenotypes of the cis-hybrid strain were in good agreement with those of both parental strains. Interestingly, the symbiotic phenotype showed a marked cultivar-specific improvement with the cis-hybrid strains compared to both parental strains. These results provide a proof-of-principle for the feasibility of genome-wide replicon-based remodelling of bacterial strains for improved biotechnological applications in precision agriculture.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Ecological adaptation and succession of human fecal microbial communities in an automated in vitro fermentation system'.
Answer: Longitudinal studies of gut microbiota following specific interventions are vital for understanding how they influence host health. However, robust longitudinal sampling of gut microbial communities is a major challenge, which can be addressed using in vitro fermenters hosting complex microbial communities. Here, by employing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we investigated the adaptation and succession of human fecal microbial communities in an automated in vitro fermenter. We performed two independent experiments each using a different human donor fecal sample – the first experiment was configured with two units of three colon compartments each studied for 22 days, and the second experiment with one unit of two colon compartments studied for 31 days. In both experiments, the fermenter maintained a trend of increasing microbial alpha-diversity along colon compartments, mimicking that of the human gastrointestinal tract. Within each experiment, microbial compositions followed compartment-specific trajectories over time and reached compartment-specific stable configurations. Microbial compositions were highly similar between the replicate units in the first experiment, thus showing reproducibility. Yet, microbial compositions and their trajectories were clearly separated between the two experiments, showing that these in vitro communities maintained the individuality of fecal inocula rather than converging on a fermenter-specific composition. Using longitudinal relative abundance profiles, we identified different dynamics exhibited by individual amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). While we could not detect some fecal ASVs in the in vitro communities, we observed that many ASVs undetected in the fecal sample flourished under in vitro conditions, which we named bloomers. In both experiments, bloomer ASVs accounted for significant proportions of ASV relative abundance after stabilization – 69% and 43% in the descending compartments in the two experiments. Bloomer ASVs included clinically relevant microbes associated with human health such as Bacteroides fragilis and Akkermansia muciniphila. This turnover in community compositions is likely explained by feed composition and pH, suggesting that these communities can be modulated. We characterized the exometabolites in the first experiment, derived a microbe-exometabolite bipartite network for its descending colon compartment, and identified 6 coherent groups based on the exometabolites. Our results suggest that in vitro fermenters are promising tools to study complex microbial communities harboring important members of human gut microbiota.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'The impact of persistent colonization by Vibrio fischeri on the metabolome of the host squid Euprymna scolopes'.
Answer: Associations between animals and microbes affect not only the immediate tissues where they occur, but also the entire host. Metabolomics, the study of small biomolecules generated during metabolic processes, provides a window into how mutualistic interactions shape host biochemistry. The Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, is amenable to metabolomic studies of symbiosis because the host can be reared with or without its species-specific symbiont, Vibrio fischeri. In addition, unlike many invertebrates, the host squid has a closed circulatory system. This feature allows a direct sampling of the refined collection of metabolites circulating through the body, a focused approach that has been highly successful with mammals. Here, we show that rearing E. scolopes without its natural symbiont significantly affected one quarter of the more than 100 hemolymph metabolites defined by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry analysis. Further, as in mammals, which harbor complex consortia of bacterial symbionts, the metabolite signature oscillated on symbiont-driven daily rhythms and was dependent on the sex of the host. Thus, our results provide evidence that the population of even a single symbiont species can influence host hemolymph biochemistry as a function of symbiotic state, host sex, and circadian rhythm.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Spatial metabolomics of in situ, host-microbe interactions (MALDI imaging MS assay)'.
Answer: Spatial metabolomics describes the location and chemistry of small molecules involved in metabolic phenotypes, defense molecules and chemical interactions in natural communities. Most current techniques are unable to spatially link the genotype and metabolic phenotype of microorganisms in situ at a scale relevant to microbial interactions. Here, we present a spatial metabolomics pipeline (metaFISH) that combines fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) microscopy and high-resolution atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry imaging (AP-MALDI-MSI) to image host-microbe symbioses and their metabolic interactions. metaFISH aligns and integrates metabolite and fluorescent images at the micrometer-scale for a spatial assignment of host and symbiont metabolites on the same tissue section. To illustrate the advantages of metaFISH, we mapped the spatial metabolome of a deep-sea mussel and its intracellular symbiotic bacteria at the scale of individual epithelial host cells. Our analytical pipeline revealed metabolic adaptations of the epithelial cells to the intracellular symbionts, a variation in metabolic phenotypes in one symbiont type, and novel symbiosis metabolites. metaFISH provides a culture-independent approach to link metabolic phenotypes to community members in situ - a powerful tool for microbiologists across fields.  MALDI imaging MS assay protocols and data are reported in the current study MTBLS744.  UPLC-MS/MS assay protocols and data associated to this study are reported in MTBLS746. On-tissue MALDI imaging MS/MS assay protocols and data associated to this study are reported in MTBLS805. MRMS assay protocols and data associated to this study are reported in MTBLS811.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Histone serotonylation promotes pancreatic cancer development via lipid metabolism remodeling'.
Answer: Neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has emerged to play parallel roles in both neurobiology and oncology. Apart from receptor-mediated signaling transduction pattern, serotonin can be covalently integrated into histone (the post-translational modification known as histone serotonylation) and serve as an epigenetic mark associated with permissive gene expression. However, how histone serotonylation influences tumorigenesis is yet to be understood. In this study, we observe the higher levels of histone serotonylation (H3K4me3Q5ser) and transglutaminases 2 (TGM2, the enzyme catalyzing serotonylation) in both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and cell lines in comparison with their normal counterparts, and inhibition of histone serotonylation suppresses PDAC development. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TGM2-mediated histone serotonylation at promoter of the gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) up-regulates its expression and drives PDAC development by lipid metabolism remodeling. Collectively, this study reveals histone serotonylation as an important driver of PDAC tumorigenesis.Neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has emerged to play parallel roles in both neurobiology and oncology. Apart from receptor-mediated signaling transduction pattern, serotonin can be covalently integrated into histone (the post-translational modification known as histone serotonylation) and serve as an epigenetic mark associated with permissive gene expression. However, how histone serotonylation influences tumorigenesis is yet to be understood. In this study, we observe the higher levels of histone serotonylation (H3K4me3Q5ser) and transglutaminases 2 (TGM2, the enzyme catalyzing serotonylation) in both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and cell lines in comparison with their normal counterparts, and inhibition of histone serotonylation suppresses PDAC development. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TGM2-mediated histone serotonylation at promoter of the gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) up-regulates its expression and drives PDAC development by lipid metabolism remodeling. Collectively, this study reveals histone serotonylation as an important driver of PDAC tumorigenesis.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Arsenic induces metabolome remodeling in mature human adipocytes'.
Answer: Human lifetime exposure to arsenic through drinking water, food supply or industrial pollution leads to its accumulation in many organs such as liver, kidneys, lungs or pancreas but also adipose tissue. Recently, population-based studies revealed the association between arsenic exposure and the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. To shed light on the molecular bases of such association, we determined the concentration that inhibited 17% of cell viability and investigated the effects of arsenic acute exposure on adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells differentiated in vitro into mature adipocytes and treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2, 10 nM to 10 µM). Untargeted metabolomics and gene expression analyses revealed a strong dose-dependent inhibition of lipogenesis and lipolysis induction, reducing the cellular ability to store lipids. These dysregulations were emphasized by the inhibition of the cellular response to insulin, as shown by the perturbation of several genes and metabolites involved in the mentioned biological pathways. Our study highlighted the activation of an adaptive oxidative stress response with the strong induction of metallothioneins and increased glutathione levels in response to arsenic accumulation that could exacerbate the decreased insulin sensitivity of the adipocytes. Arsenic exposure strongly affected the expression of arsenic transporters, responsible for arsenic influx and efflux, and induced a pro-inflammatory state in adipocytes by enhancing the expression of the inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL6). Collectively, our data showed that an acute exposure to low levels of arsenic concentrations alters key adipocyte functions, highlighting its contribution to the development of insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Spermine is a natural suppressor of AR signaling in castration-resistant prostate cancer'.
Answer: In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), clinical response to androgen receptor (AR) antagonists is limited mainly due to AR-variants expression and restored AR signaling. The metabolite spermine is most abundant in prostate and it decreases as prostate cancer progresses, but its functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show spermine inhibits full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) and androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) signaling and suppresses CRPC cell proliferation by directly binding and inhibiting protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT1. Spermine reduces H4R3me2a modification at the AR locus and suppresses AR binding as well as H3K27ac modification levels at AR target genes. Spermine supplementation restrains CRPC growth in vivo. PRMT1 inhibition also suppresses AR-FL and AR-V7 signaling and reduces CRPC growth. Collectively, we demonstrate spermine as an anticancer metabolite by inhibiting PRMT1 to transcriptionally inhibit AR-FL and AR-V7 signaling in CRPC, and we indicate spermine and PRMT1 inhibition as powerful strategies overcoming limitations of current AR-based therapies in CRPC.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'PRODH regultes naive pluripotency by influencing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Untargeted metabolomics)'.
Answer: Naïve human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that resemble the pre-implantation epiblasts are fueled by a combination of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, but their mitochondrial regulators are poorly understood. Here we report that, proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), a mitochondria-localized proline metabolism enzyme, is dramatically upregulated in naïve hESCs compared to their primed counterparts. The upregulation of PRODH is induced by a reduction in c-Myc expression that is dependent on PD0325901, a MEK inhibitor routinely present in naive hESC culture media. PRODH knockdown in naive hESCs significantly promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that triggered autophagy, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Remarkably, MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, effectively restored the pluripotency and proliferation of PRODH-knockdown naïve hESCs, indicating that PRODH maintains naïve pluripotency by preventing excessive ROS production. Concomitantly, PRODH knockdown significantly slowed down the proteolytic degradation of multiple key mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins. Thus, we revealed a crucial role of PRODH in limiting mtOXPHOS and ROS production, and thereby safeguarding naïve pluripotency of hESCs.Untargeted metabolomics - H9N PLKO.1 vs H9P PLKO.1 / H9P shPRODH vs H9P PLKO.1 / H9N shPRODH vs H9N PLKO.1 - is reported in the current study MTBLS7840.Targeted metabolomics (amino acids and derivatives) - H9P (Primed) VS H9N (Naïve) - is reported in MTBLS7832.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Diverse metabolic reactions activated during 58-hr fasting are revealed by non-targeted metabolomic analysis of human blood'.
Answer: During human fasting, metabolic markers, including butyrates, carnitines, and branched-chain amino acids, are upregulated for energy substitution through gluconeogenesis and use of stored lipids. We performed non-targeted, accurate semiquantitative metabolomic analysis of human whole blood, plasma, and red blood cells during 34-58 hr fasting of four volunteers. During this period, 44 of ~130 metabolites increased 1.5~60-fold. Consistently fourteen were previously reported. However, we identified another 30 elevated metabolites, implicating hitherto unrecognized metabolic mechanisms induced by fasting. Metabolites in pentose phosphate pathway are abundant, probably due to demand for antioxidants, NADPH, gluconeogenesis and anabolic metabolism. Global increases of TCA cycle-related compounds reflect enhanced mitochondrial activity in tissues during fasting. Enhanced purine/pyrimidine metabolites support RNA/protein synthesis and transcriptional reprogramming, which is promoted also by some fasting-related metabolites, possibly via epigenetic modulations. Thus diverse, pronounced metabolite increases result from greatly activated catabolism and anabolism stimulated by fasting. Anti-oxidation may be a principal response to fasting.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Untargeted metabolomics of purple and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes reveals a large structural diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids'.
Answer: Anthocyanins are economically valuable phytochemicals of significant relevance to human health. Industrially extracted from multiple fruit and vegetable sources, anthocyanin yield and profiles can vary between sources and growing conditions. In this study, we focused on three purple-fleshed and one orange-fleshed cultivars of sweet potato, a warm-weather, nutritious crop of substantial interest to growers in northern, cooler latitudes, to determine the yield and diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Acidified ethanol extraction of lyophilized roots yielded ~ 800 mg average anthocyanins/100 g dry weight from all three cultivars. UHPLC-DAD-Orbitrap analysis of sweet potato extracts identified 18 high-confidence, mostly acylated peonidin and cyanidin derivatives contributing to > 90% of the total anthocyanin signal. Further assessment of the untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry data using deep learning and molecular networking identified over 350 flavonoid peaks with variable distributions in different sweet potato cultivars. These results provide a novel insight into anthocyanin content of purple-fleshed sweet potatoes grown in the northern latitudes, and reveal the large structural diversity of anthocyanins and flavonoids in this popular crop.