LuYuxing/MetaBench huggingface dataset:
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Uncovering the Effects of Microorganisms and Metabolism on the Growth of Monochasma sheareri Franch. ex Maxim under Parasitic Cultivation'.
Answer: In this study, we systematically analyzed the root metabolites, root exudates, and associated microbial communities of M. savatieri under both parasitic and non-parasitic conditions using metabolomics, as well as 16S rRNA gene and ITS high-throughput sequencing techniques. Our research provides a theoretical foundation for the development of high-yield cultivation techniques for M. savatieri, deepening the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of parasitism.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated differential composition and metabolism of rhizosphere microbial community'.
Answer: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated differential composition and metabolism of rhizosphere microbial community. Using Syncoms containg Rhizophagus intraradices, Nigrospora oryzae and Talaromyces verruculosus.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Combined functional genomic and metabolomic approaches identify new genes required for growth in human urine by multidrug resistant Escherichia coli ST131'.
Answer: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in humans, with ~400 million cases across the globe each year. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the major cause of UTI and increasingly associated with antibiotic resistance. This scenario has been worsened by the emergence and spread of pandemic UPEC sequence type 131 (ST131), a multidrug-resistant clone associated with extraordinarily high rates of infection. Here, we employed transposon-directed insertion site sequencing in combination with metabolomic profiling to identify genes and biochemical pathways required for growth and survival of the UPEC ST131 reference strain EC958 in human urine (HU). We identified 24 UPEC genes required for growth in HU, which mapped to diverse pathways involving small peptide, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, the stringent response pathway, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. We also discovered a role for UPEC resistance to fluoride during growth in HU, most likely associated with fluoridation of drinking water. Complementary NMR-based metabolomics identified changes in a range of HU metabolites following UPEC growth, the most pronounced being L-lactate, which was utilized as a carbon source via the L-lactate dehydrogenase LldD. Using a mouse UTI model with mixed competitive infection experiments, we demonstrated a role for nucleotide metabolism and the stringent response in UPEC colonization of the mouse bladder. Together, our application of multiple omics technologies combined with different infection-relevant settings has uncovered new factors required for UPEC growth in HU, thus enhancing our understanding of this pivotal step in the UPEC infection pathway.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Exometabolomic profiling of bacterial strains cultivated using Arabidopsis root extract as the sole carbon source'.
Answer: The ability of microorganisms to use root-derived metabolites as growth substrates is a key trait for success in the rhizospheric niche. However, few studies describe which specific metabolites are consumed, or to what degree microbial strains differ in their substrate consumption patterns. Here we present an LC-MS exometabolomic study of three bacterial strains cultivated using either glucose or Arabidopsis thaliana root extract as the sole carbon source in the growth medium. Two of the strains were previously isolated from field-grown Arabidopsis roots, the other is Escherichia coli included as a comparison. When cultivated on root-extract, a set of 62 MS-features were commonly taken up by all three strains, with m/z values matching to components of central metabolism (including amino acids and purine/pyrimidine derivatives). Escherichia coli took up very few MS-features outside of this commonly consumed set, whereas the root-inhabiting strains took up a much larger number of MS-features, many with m/z values matching to plant-specific metabolites. This approach provides new mechanistic insights into microbial community composition in the rhizosphere, by defining the metabolic niche of a given strain. Furthermore, we document a large number of MS-features released by these strains, which could play roles in cross-feeding, antibiosis or signalling.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'The Toxoplasma monocarboxylate transporters are involved in the metabolism within the apicoplast and are linked to parasite survival'.
Answer: The apicoplast is a four-membrane plastid found in the apicomplexans, which harbors biosynthesis and organelle housekeeping activities in the matrix. However, the mechanism driving the flux of metabolites, in and out, remains unknown. Here we used TurboID and genome engineering to identify apicoplast transporters in Toxoplasma gondii. Among the many novel transporters, we show that one pair of apicomplexan monocarboxylate transporters (AMTs) appears to be evolved from the putative host cell that engulfed a red alga. Protein depletion showed that AMT1 and AMT2 are critical for parasite growth. Metabolite analyses supported the notion that AMT1 and AMT2 are associated with biosynthesis of isoprenoids and fatty acids. However, stronger phenotypic defects were observed for AMT2, including in the inability to establish T. gondii parasite virulence in mice. This study clarifies, significantly, the mystery of apicoplast transporter composition and reveals the importance of the pair of AMTs in maintaining the apicoplast activity in apicomplexans.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Niacin restriction with NAMPT-inhibition is synthetic lethal to neuroendocrine carcinoma (Mouse NAMPT targeted therapy)'.
Answer: NAMPT plays a major role in NAD biosynthesis in many cancers and is an attractive potential cancer target. However, factors dictating therapeutic efficacy of NAMPT inhibitors (NAMPTi) are unclear. We report that neuroendocrine phenotypes predict lung and prostate carcinoma vulnerability to NAMPTi, and that NAMPTi therapy against those cancers is enhanced by dietary modification. Neuroendocrine differentiation of tumor cells was associated with down-regulation of genes relevant to QPRT-dependent de novo NAD synthesis, promoting NAMPTi susceptibility in vitro. We also found that circulating nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), a non-canonical niacin absent in culture media, antagonizes NAMPTi efficacy as it fuels NAMPT-independent but NMRK1-dependent NAD synthesis in tumors. In mouse transplantation models, depleting blood NAR by nutritional or genetic manipulations was synthetic lethal to tumors when combined with NAMPTi. Our findings provide a rationale for simultaneous targeting of NAR metabolism and NAMPT therapeutically in neuroendocrine carcinoma.Mouse NAMPT targeted therapy is reported in the current study MTBLS7252.Cell NAMPTi treatment is reported in MTBLS7251.Mouse NAD targeted time-course is reported in MTBLS7253.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'In plaque-mass spectrometry imaging of a bloom-forming alga during viral infection reveals a metabolic shift towards odd-chain fatty acid lipids (GC- and LC-MS assays)'.
Answer: Tapping into the metabolic cross-talk between a host and its virus can reveal unique strategies employed during infection. Viral infection is a dynamic process that generates an evolving metabolic landscape. Gaining a continuous view into the infection process is highly challenging and is limited by current metabolomics approaches, which typically measure the average of the entire population at various stages of infection. Here, we took an innovative approach to study the metabolic basis of host-virus interactions between the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi and its specific virus. We combined a classical method in virology, the plaque assay, with advanced mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), an approach we termed ‘in plaque-MSI’. Taking advantage of the spatial characteristics of the plaque, we mapped the metabolic landscape induced during infection in a high spatiotemporal resolution, unfolding the infection process in a continuous manner. Further unsupervised spatially-aware clustering, combined with known lipid biomarkers, revealed a systematic metabolic shift during infection towards lipids containing the odd-chain fatty acid pentadecanoic acid (C15:0). Applying ‘in plaque-MSI’ might facilitate the discovery of bioactive compounds that mediate the chemical arms race of host-virus interactions in diverse model systems.  GC- and LC-MS assays are reported in the current study MTBLS767.  Imaging MS assays are reported in MTBLS769.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Metabolomics dataset of PPAR-pan treated rat liver (acyl-carnitine and aqueous metabolite assays)'.
Answer: This article contains mass spectrometry (MS) data investigating small molecule changes as an effect of a triple peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-pan) agonist GW625019 in the liver as described in the manuscript “PPAR-pan Activation Induces Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Lipidomic Remodelling“ [1]. Samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to measure intact lipids, carnitines and selected aqueous metabolites and eicosanoids. Data files comprise of Excel (Microsoft, WA, USA) spreadsheets of identified metabolites and there area ratio values for total fatty acids, carnitines, aqueous metabolites, and eicosanoids where the intensity of the analytes were normalised to the intensity of the internal standard. In the case of open profiling intact lipid data, the Excel file contains area ratio values of retention time and mass to charge ratio pairs; again, the area ratio values were calculated by normalising to the intensity of the internal standard. It should be noted that several metabolic changes are potentially indirect (secondary, tertiary and ensuing changes).The protocols and data of the carnitine and targeted aqueous metabolites are included in current study MTBLS303.The protocols and data of the eicosanoids are reported in the study MTBLS278.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Absolute quantification of metabolites in tomato fruit extracts by fast 2D NMR (Tomato 500 MHz samples)'.
Answer: Quantitative NMR metabolomics is a powerful tool to have access to valuable information on metabolism. Unfortunately, the quantitative analysis of metabolic samples is often hampered by peak overlap. Two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy offers a promising alternative and quantitative results can be obtained provided that a calibration approach is employed. However, the duration of 2D NMR experiments is barely compatible with the metabolomic study of a large number of samples. This drawback can be circumvented by relying on “ultrafast” experiments capable of recording 2D spectra in a single-scan. While such experiments are not sensitive enough to match the concentrations of metabolic samples, a compromise can be reached by hybrid strategies capable of recording 2D NMR spectra of extracts in a few minutes only. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that these multi-scan single-shot experiments can be successfully applied to the absolute quantification of major metabolites in plant extracts. Fast COSY experiments are recorded in 5 min on tomato fruit pericarp extracts at different stages of development. The concentration of eight major metabolites is determined with a trueness better than 10 % and a technical repeatability of a few percent. The experiments performed at two magnetic fields lead to similar quantitative results, in coherence with the metabolism of tomato fruit. The results show that fast 2D NMR methods form a promising tool for fast targeted metabolomics, and open promising perspective towards the automated and high-throughput quantitative analysis of large groups of plant and other samples for metabolomics and for the modelling of metabolism.Tomato 500 MHz samples protocols and data are reported in the current study MTBLS131.Tomato 700 MHz samples protocols and data are reported in MTBLS132.Calibration Standard 500 MHz samples protocols and data are reported in MTBLS133.Calibration Standard 700 MHz samples protocols and data are reported in MTBLS134.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Saline pasture improve meat quality in Qinghai Tibetan sheep through changes in the rumen microbiota_natural forage'.
Answer:  Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effects of natural forage from different regions (saline-alkali and non-saline-alkali areas) on the rumen microbiota, muscle metabolites, and meat quality of Tibetan sheep.  Methods: Targeted and non-targeted metabolomics were used to comprehensively analyze both pasture and meat quality, metabolites. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing was employed to analyze the rumen microbial community structure of Tibetan sheep. Results: The results showed that the natural saline-alkali forage (HG group) had higher protein content, lower fiber content, higher relative feed value, and better quality. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant accumulation of flavonoids and upregulation of amino acid metabolism in the HG group. Additionally, the natural saline-alkali forage significantly increased amino acid deposition in Tibetan sheep muscle, markedly enhanced the redness value (a*), and significantly reduced the yellowness value (b*). Furthermore, the natural saline-alkali forage altered the rumen fermentation patterns in Tibetan sheep, leading to a significant increase in the abundance of F082 and WCHB1-41, while significantly reducing the abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-003. Correlation analysis revealed that these microbial taxa were significantly influenced by the natural saline-alkali forage,while also showing significant associations with muscle quality parameters (a*, b*) and metabolites (cysteine, C18:1n9, etc.).Discussion: Overall, the natural saline-alkali forage demonstrated superior quality and metabolite content compared to natural non-saline-alkali forage. Furthermore, this saline-alkali forage significantly influenced the abundance of specific rumen microbiota in Tibetan sheep, consequently regulating
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Transcriptomic dynamics control rapid transition of core crop functions in 'lactating' pigeon'.
Answer: Pigeons (Columba livia) are widely kept as domesticated pets worldwide, and may have adapted to captivity through the evolutionarily specialized ability to produce ‘milk’ in the crops of both male and female parents via rapid proliferation and shedding of lipid- and protein-enriched epithelial cells. Given the implications for understanding evolution in atricial species, a comprehensive transcriptomic perspective of the pigeon crop spanning the complete breeding cycle is warranted. Here, we generated a de novo pigeon genome assembly to construct a high resolution spatio-temporal transcriptomic landscape of the crop epithelium across the entire breeding cycle. This multi-omics analysis identified a set of ‘lactation’-related genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism that are highly expressed in the crop. Spatial transcriptomics analysis revealed extensive reorganization of long-range promoter-enhancer interactions linked to the dynamic expression of these ‘lactation’-related genes between stages. Moreover, their expression is spatially localized in specific epithelial layers, and can be correlated with phenotypic changes in the crop. This study thus illustrates the preferential de novo synthesis of ‘milk’ lipids and proteins in the crop epithelium prior to shedding from the lumen, and provides candidate enhancer loci for further investigation of the regulatory elements controlling pigeon ‘lactation’. Furthermore, these comprehensive datasets provide a foundational resource for avian and evolutionary biology research, especially relevant to atricial reproductive biology.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Characterisation of monophasic solvent-based tissue extractions for detection of polar metabolites and lipids applying UHPLC-MS clinical metabolic phenotyping assays'.
Answer: Metabolic phenotyping of tissues uses metabolomics and lipidomics to measure the relative polar and non-polar (lipid) metabolite levels in biological samples. This approach aims to understand disease biochemistry and identify biochemical markers of disease. Sample preparation methods must be reproducible, sensitive (high metabolite and lipid yield), and ideally rapid. We evaluated three biphasic methods for polar and non-polar compound extraction (chloroform/methanol/water; dichloromethane/methanol/water; methyl tert-butyl ether [MTBE]/methanol/water), a monophasic method for polar compound extraction (acetonitrile/methanol/water) and a monophasic method for non-polar compound extraction (isopropanol/water). All methods were applied to sheep heart, kidney, and liver tissue. Polar extracts were analysed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and non-polar extracts by C18 reversed phase UHPLC-MS. Method reproducibility and yield was assessed using multiple annotated endogenous compounds (putatively and MS/MS annotated). Monophasic methods had the highest yield and high reproducibility for both polar (positive ion: median RSD<18%; negative ion: median RSD<28%) and non-polar (positive and negative ion: median RSD<15%) extractions for heart, kidney, and liver. The polar monophasic method extracted higher levels of lipid than biphasic polar extractions, and these lipids caused minimal detection suppression for other compounds during HILIC UHPLC-MS. The non-polar monophasic method had similar or greater detection responses of all detected lipid classes compared to biphasic methods (including increased phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin responses). Monophasic methods are quicker and simpler than biphasic methods and therefore most suited for future automation.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Capsaicin ameliorates glycemic levels via gut microbiota-derived 5-aminolevulinic acid in mice'.
Answer: Background: Capsaicin, a natural alkaloid in chili peppers, regulates glycemic levels, however, its mechanisms and therapeutic potential remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in mediating capsaicin’s glycemic regulatory effects. We conducted experiments in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor ablation studies and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to demonstrate the involvement of gut microbiota in capsaicin-mediated glycemic control. Metagenomics and metabolomics analyses were employed to identify key microbial strains and metabolic pathways. Keystone strains and metabolites were supplemented in GF mice without capsaicin intervention to validate their effects on glycemic regulation. In vitro co-culture experiments were performed to investigate the mutualistic relationships among keystone strains under capsaicin treatment.Results: Capsaicin ameliorates glycemic dysregulation in mice by modulating the gut microbiota, independently of TRPV1 signaling. Gut microbiota altered by capsaicin promote the production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which contributes to heme synthesis and enhances glycemic control. Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila, Ligilactobacillus murinus or 5-ALA in GF mice recapitulates the glycemic benefits of capsaicin. Furthermore, capsaicin upregulates Akkermansia muciniphila, which in turn supports the growth of Ligilactobacillus murinus.Conclusion: Capsaicin-induced changes in the gut microbiota promote 5-ALA synthesis, leading to improved glycemic control. These findings suggest that dietary or probiotic interventions targeting gut microbiota, particularly Akkermansia muciniphila and 5-ALA, may offer promising strategies for managing glycemic disorders, including type 2 diabetes.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Metabolomics-Driven Discovery of an Introduced Species and Two Malaysian Piper betle L. Variants'.
Answer: The differences in pungency of 'sirih' imply the probable occurrence of several variants of Piper betle L. in Malaysia. However, the metabolite profiles underlying the pungency of the different variants remain a subject of further research. The differences in metabolite profiles of selected Malaysian P. betle variants were thus investigated; specifically, the leaf aqueous methanolic extracts and essential oils were analyzed via 1H-NMR and GC-MS metabolomics, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 1H-NMR spectral data showed quantitative differences in the metabolite profiles of 'sirih melayu' and 'sirih india' and revealed an ambiguous group of samples with low acetic acid content, which was identified as Piper rubro-venosum hort. ex Rodigas based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. The finding was supported by PCA of two GC-MS datasets of P. betle samples obtained from several states in Peninsular Malaysia, which displayed clustering of the samples into 'sirih melayu' and 'sirih india' groups. Higher abundance of chavicol acetate was consistently found to be characteristic of 'sirih melayu'. The present research has provided preliminary evidence supporting the notion of occurrence of two P. betle variants in Malaysia based on chemical profiles, which may be related to the different genders of P. betle.
Question: Write a study description for the study titled 'Gastropods and Insects Prefer Different Solanum dulcamara Chemotypes'.
Answer: Solanum dulcamara (Bittersweet nightshade) shows significant intraspecific variation in glycoalkaloid (GA) composition and concentration. We previously showed that constitutive differences in overall GA levels are correlated with feeding preference of the grey field slug (GFS; Deroceras reticulatum). One particularly preferred accession, ZD11, contained low GA levels, but high levels of previously unknown structurally related uronic acid conjugated compounds (UACs). Here we test whether different slug species as well as insect herbivores show similar feeding preferences among six S. dulcamara accessions with different GA chemotypes. In addition, we investigate whether slug feeding can lead to induced changes in the chemical composition and affect later arriving herbivores. A leaf disc assay using greenhouse-grown plants showed that three slug species similarly preferred accessions with low GA levels. Untargeted metabolomic analyses showed that previous slug feeding consistently increased the levels of N-caffeoyl-putrescine and a structurally related metabolite, but not the levels of GAs and UACs. Slug-induced responses only affected slug preference in one accession. A common garden experiment using the same six accessions revealed that ZD11 received the highest natural gastropod feeding damage, but suffered the lowest damage by specialist flea beetles. The latter preferred to feed on accessions with high GA levels. Our study indicates that different selection pressures imposed by generalist gastropods and specialist insects may explain part of the observed chemical diversity in S. dulcamara.