Definition: In this task, you are given a sentence or phrase in Xhosa. You must translate it to English in a way that is equivalent in terms of meaning and grammatically correct.

Positive Example 1 -
Input: Ulwakhiwo neempawu zentsinga zemifuno.
Output: Construction and characteristics of vegetable fibre cordage.

Positive Example 2 -
Input: Ukuphatheka kwentsinga zemifuno
Output: Handling of vegetable fibre cordage.

Negative Example 1 -
Input: Ukuphatheka kwentsinga ezenziwe ngabantu.
Output: Handling of man-made fibre cordage.

Negative Example 2 -
Input: Ulwakhiwo neendidi.
Output: Building and types.

Now complete the following example -
Input: Ngelixesha kusekwa ezobugcisa ngokuba usazi namhlanje yathi yamiswa ze elandelayo ngenkulungwane enesiqingatha ingaxutywanga kwisigaba sexesha lempucuko, zizombini zizixhobo zokuqhelisa.
Output: By this time the foundations of the art as we know it today had been established, and the next century and a half was simply a period of refinement, both of instruments and practice.