spurred GM and Ford to introduce their own downsized cars in 1960. This convention is only slightly relaxed in modern age and now it is still unadvisable among friends to use the given name, but use of the family name is still common. In the case of the imperial family, it is considered extremely inappropriate to use the given name. Since Emperor Meiji, it has been customary to have one era per Emperor and to rename each Emperor after his death using the name of the era over which he presided. Prior to Emperor Meiji, the names of the eras were changed more frequently, and the posthumous names of the Emperors were chosen in a different manner. Outside Japan, beginning with Emperor Shōwa, the Emperors are often referred