The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-01-28 00:00:00

't' ~~. \ ~.. ~.a-~.~; (\ mupetiat Vatliamtnt. - - . ~ ~~ . * SPAIN FINANCE. HOUSE OF •J 'S _ 2 . .\. , . HOUSE OF LORDS.—THIIRSDAY. PRINCE ALBERT. Prince Albert's naturalization bill was brought up from the commons. The Marquis of LONDONDERRY begged to :IA the noble viscount if the officers in the army of Lord John Hay were parties to the Bergari convention, and if the British govern ment were party to it. Secondly, he wished to latow if the Bergrara convention was in the possession of the government, and if it was their intention to lay the convention on the table of that house ? Thirdly, he wished to know ; if the noble viscount had any information to lay before that house to'show the satisfaet;on of the Spanish government and the Basque provinces ?. Lord MELnouRNE'S reply was, that he would 1!,v. , 1:) ob jection to produce the convention. -~S The Earl of RIPON said he fidt so strongly the p: a • tory state of their finances, that he did not f, -1 • justified in abstaining from giving her majesty's goverme ..t an opportunity of enlightening the house noon that. snl,et. What he was now about t o s ta t e was no t w ith th e vie , - imputing blame to apy.persons or to any oarty. ship would recollect, that when the nolile"dhke (W behind him was at the head of the treasury, certain la passed abolishing the system of the sinking - fund, and ing out a new and superior system, - which was entithe , admiration on account of its judicious simplicity. Insteee of giving a grant for the sinking fund, whatever might be the state of the finances, it directed that only such a sum would be applied in each quarter as amounted to a quarter - of the bona fide surplus in each antecedent quarter. For the five or six years following this alteration, they had at tbe same time the benefit of the surplus for the winking fund, and the benefit of a considerable reduction in tee.,tier. Ent there was no surplus, and not merely so, but it appeared from papers laid on the table of the house last year, that the excess of expenditure over income in the year ending the sth of April, 1838, was £1,420,000, and the year ending in April, 1839, £lOO,OOO, being on the whole about . - C1e900,000, and; according to estimates laid before parliament last year, the expenditure would exceed the income of the government in the year about to end in April, ze909,4)03 ; so that for three,_ successive years there was a clear, avowed, and unmitigated excess of expenditure over income, and lie thought there were no grounds for supposing they would he able to extricate their_ selves from that perilous system. - He-found thet the excess of the 'expenditure for the present year; as it -was estimated ' last year, was, as he had already said, e.:.l,2eVfno eee ue e amount of the sum expended in the year 1839. • i sle ivould call their lordship attention to What verY considerable portion of it. • £t;00,000 or :€.70:.),0t10 had been occasioned by the additions made to the publie debt within the last few years. That addition was made partly, by the., funding of exchequer hills, and partly from the operations' carried on when the great measure of the emencipatiot of the negroes took place at an expenseef twenty millions of money. He (the Earl of Ripon) was a party to that reseaanre, and if. it was to be done over again, he would Meetewillinelv tweeme a p a rty to it, because he considered it a wise, a politic, end a humane act ; and, moreover, he believed the question was in such a state that the act was one of inevitable - necessity.— (Hear.) Now of the ;£3,200,000 excessive.expenditure since the year 1836, a very considerable portion had been wee sioned by an augmentation of the expense of the army, the navy, and the ordnance, and he should like to ask any one who thought he could look forward -beyond the 'present moment, to stand up and demonstrate that there Was amy - reason to think that they could curtail any one. of these ex- penses. (Hear, hear.) There was nothing in this which could enable them to reduce their army. NO country had such an immensity of foreign po - saessione - es rte had, but throughout the whole, could any . roan pet - his hand upon one and say that there was too. much - garrison force. On the contrary, he believed that meny . of them were too weak. Then, with respect to the navy. Great com plaints had been made last year respecting the proceefline,4 - ,F the admiralty, which were positively denied by that depart ment, and it wa s sa id th a t s h o p s were building; stores - being laid in, and ships being put in commission, but all naturally leading to an increased expense, and the government com plained of the great difficulty they had in inducing the other house of parliament to grant them same of money for the - purpose. He believed that those complaints were 'well founded, and that similar complaints might be made byevcry • government that had been in office since the peace. • In the midst of all this there was another question caldulated to pro duce in its consequences ereat alarm as respected.the revenue. He alluded to the new post-office regulations,.and whatever might be their probability of ultimate snecess, he would ex press his conviction that it was a most ill-timed experiment, nor was there anything in the state of onr finances to war rant such an experiment, in the absence of any plim to meet the possible deficiency. The papers he had to move for were the statements of the net income for the last tire years ;• the funded and unfunded debt for the same pertod ; 'and the re gulations issued with respect to the reduction of the debt. Viscount MELBOURNE entirely agreed, that it was not a satisfactory state of the financial affairs to have a clear ad mitted deficiency ; but he rather thought that when the de ficiency was but small, it was not wise to burden the country with any extraordinary exaction.§, but : to trust to its natural resources. His noble friend stated that the deficiency arose, not so-much from any falling off in the revenue--not by. any failure in the productive 'power of the count:re, hot from temporory causes from which the country might still recover. Still it wa not to he denied that th e ex p en se s o f theeiotintry had been long growing in a great degree, and he did not fairly' see any probability of- any government being• a vie neatly to diminish the expenses either of the military or the naval ports of the country. They have increased very much - since" the year 1816, at w hi c h ti me th e y were ver y low; . init it could not be denied that there have been- growing difficulties to' account for the increase. The noble lord had dwelt upon the loss that was likely to accrue to the revenue iti eonae - a quence of the bill which had been passed last session of Tar- hament for reducing the duties of postage. -A large defi ciency of the revenue had on all hands been anticipated reia consequence of the adoption of that measure: He test fully' confident, however, that the energies of the country=--that the patriotism of the House of Commons and of its conati tuencies—that a due regard to the fidelity or contraeee, the honour of the country, and her station among nations, world be amply sufficient to induce them to meet the financial dif ficulties of the country, boldly and firmly; in such a manner as should be suited to the occasion. With respect to any deficiency that might arise by the adoption of • - thht 'meaadrte • for which they had distinctly and exprreely pledged thema• selves, he could not think that the noble lord had done other than his duty in calling thus early in:the session tleeattees . tion of their lordships.to a matter. of : elicit, import:mice. . -lie perfectly admitted the reasoning of t e lra:nehle fora. •- The motion was then agreed to ;- and, eafter. the ereseetA , tion of a few petitions, the house adjourned. HOUSE OF COMMONS.—ThunsnAv., ••‘.., • There being only 36 members present at four o'clock,. the Speaker adjourned the house till Friday. The royal assent was given by cOin . miSslon to the Nil f or exhibiting a bill in this present parliament , for naturalising Prince Albert; and in a subsequent part of the sitting the Lord Chancellor presented Prince Albert's Naturalisation . Bill, which was read a first time. Lord DuNcaNNON, by command of her Majesty, present ed further papers on the subject of Canada. • The, Bishop of EXETER, ag:Teably to notice, pre,elited a petition from Birmingham, with upwards of .1,00 on the subject of the alarming progresS of scicialis%i. ii e lordship described its character, and the datigdOUs tendency, to injure religion, of the principles of socialism ; and dis tasteful as it Vas to him to have to brim; forward snch a subject, he hoped that their lordships would dire-. the ridlcA inquiry into it. Lord BRonorrAm afterwards presented four petitions from " Rational Religionists, vulgarly called Socialists;" signed by Owen and other officers of the society, and from three other societies, praying for inquiry into their principles. The Bishop of EXETER observed that he rejoiced in the presentation of those petitions; as he thought now inquiry could not be resisted by the government.. His le,r46hip gave notice that on Friday next he should asli.Lordliorinaoll7 who held the office of registrar of births, marriages; and deaths, for Birmingham. Their lordships adjourned till Monday. , • HOUSE 01' 1 COMMONS.- - ---Fato.‘.v. . • 'The SPEAKER acquainted the house that the sergeant-at arms had a communication of importance to make. The Sergeant-at-Arms thereupon stated at the bar, that he was on Thursday evening, at six o'clock, served with writ of habeas corpvs, whereby the Court of (Ince:l4o Bench commanded him to produce the bodies of the sheriffs ;. aaci he now asked the direction of the house as to the 'course he should pursue. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL moved, after a loin; speech, in which he cited precedents that he contended aPPliett to the present case, that the sergeant-at-armsbe instructed to malce a return on the writ " that he held the bodies of the Sheiiff,:. of London and Middlesex under a warrant of the Muse of Commons, signed by the Speaker. for contempt and breach of the privileges of that house." He apprehended that, 'nf:or: such return being read to the Court of Qneen'e Bench the judges would only direct the prisoners to he returned to the place whence they had come. If, unfortunately a different Course were adopted by their lordships, it would be for the house to consider what power th 6 constitution gave the CoinL Mons to vindicate their privileges. . Mr. GODSON said the real question was, whether, when there was a course of justice running in the Queen's Bench, when a plaintiff had obtained a verdict and got juth, , ,ment thereon, and was about to take the fruits of that verdict and judgment—in the constitution of England there was any body of men who could legally step between that plaintiff and the fruits of the verdict given in his favour: He grieved to oro= serve that a Ministerial paper of that day termed the judges " fifteen elderly gentlemen," and spoke of them in a sneering manner. He certainly thought such language ought not to. be used. :The ATTORNEY -GENERAL observed that he had never in tended anything disrespectful towards those learned persons in any language he had made use of. He loved them - as friends, gild respected them as honourable and imrirtial judges. ".Mr. CREsswEnt. said that the house ought to have but one Object in making the return upon the writ—to r: turn the truth. That was all they h a d now to • - f dt: ; and they ought not to speculate on the cons equences E .% , t l i i at act i ,.or•on . what it was likely the Court of Queen's Upon that return being brought before tliennouwdttetticele.lon, goners. . h • "-- .The motion was then agreed to without opp ox iti n • A petition was presented by Mr. LirroN, praying u• that soldiers in foreign countries might not be compelled part in Roman Catholic processtons-, or such otheratroet,re7: ings as were contrary to their consciences. Petitions were presented by Captain AI.s.IGER CzaiaLE, :praying that, with regard to the contemplatel marriage of the Queen, the " Protestant" religion mi g h t secured unimpaired, as establish ed b y the Bill of RightS and the Act of Settlement: Several petitions were presented on the subject of the.corn 'laws ) &c. • Sir J. Y. BULLF.R stated that the terms of the motion Which he purposed submitting On Tuesday would be--" That. her Majesty s Government, as at present constituted, did not possess the confidence of the house"--latiguage that wee greeted with immense cheering. Sir. F. TRENCH intimated, that on Tuesday he should move the restoration of the was candles for the ilinmivatiou 'of the house, and the rejection of the Bode !Otts Mr. CRAW CORD said that on Monday he should move an address for all papers, despatches, r., relative to proceedings in China. &c the late Mr. La nottenrniu gave notice, that on Monday he would move that the house resolve itself into a coinalittee to eon adder so much of the 9th George IV., cap. OD, " as regarded the importation into Ireland of wheat and flour." Lord MORPETH gave notice, that on Monday he wou:d Move for leave to bring in a bill to amend municipal corpora tions in Ireland. • •- Mr. ELLIS stated, that on Monday he should ;nove for copies of all the corresponce and documents that had passed between the British resident at the factory at Canton and. the Chinese authorities. Mr. BAINES asked w hether it was t h e intention of.the Government to introduce any measure regarding the regulat ing of factories during the present•session ?' •-• Mr. LA.BoucnEitt; said that it was the intention of CNC Under-Secretary for the Home Department to ititrci(luee Such a measure. • Mr. FRENCH said that on Monday he should ITIliVe foilll#^ reappointment of the committee to cOnsider the •!;ta!, , S' deol e tt medical profession. Sir R. BATESON asked whether it was intended to intrbl" dueskany stringent measure on the subject of steam-boats ; •:;) r~~~ ~- \\. 's\ a( to subject them to a rigid examination, both as to the effir cieney and safety of the machinery, and also as to their ge rwral sca7worthiness. Mr. LIBOUCHERE answered that the subject was one of ry considerable difficulty, as well as importance, but it was tile intention of her IViajety's Government shortly to lay be fore the house a proposition on the subject; and that he hoped they should be able to legislate upon it during the. preseutye: , sicl Th e c ETANcELL on, or the EXC . :EEC:II3ER (in answer to Mr. Lutnej said that it was thought that a smaller silver coinage than iourpenny pieces was not expedient. On the motion of Lord J. ItusnEm„ the house resolved a,.c,:mnoint , e of supply, in which his lordship moved a nion that it was expNlient to enable lice Majesty to .•:..0,000. a year to Prince Al!;nt, to date from the day WWI her 7li:ljeStV. :Old to continueduring the 1i z 0; , ;, ..aiailiginto=Aibeitt ,, itis , h , U•dship*nteted iuto tee grounds On . a . lll;di it was„considered that such he the amount, but premising that he should defer .• further consideration of the're,mlutiOn unlit Moadar. I . ter soineeoityrscttion,.tl.4e: further consideration of the was' aCeor.a.gly de - P,?;Ted iiil Monday. the tita L:usiness tieing disposed of, the fionf; adjourned till AlottdAy:. • ECCLESIASTICAL .ND UNIVERSITY INTELLI- C ENCE (Fro:, the 046rt.1 Herald.) The Rev. John I; ro , M.A. of Aberdeen, has placed at the dispoi , al of the President and Fellows of Queen's College, Cambridg• - % : a prize -of ten guineas, to be awarded to such member of that Society (who knot of sufficient standing for the Degree of Master of Arts) as shall write .the best English poem on the subject o! the . appfoaching marriage of Her Most Gracious 711ajestv."Plie poems arc to be sent privately lo r 'e it i t ' e r rn e l si en 's Lodg e on or before the last day of the I : ,e t At a inecting o the Norwich Diocestin Committee, held on Wednesday se'nnight (the LOrd- Bishop iu the chair) the Rev. Alenntier Bath Power, M.A. of Catherine Hall, Cam bridge, Curate of Keswick, Cumberland, was unanimously elected Clerical Principal of the Norwich Dincesan Training Institution. The testimonials transmitted by the rev. gen tleman were of the highest character, including letters froni the Rev. Dr. Turton, Deana Peterborough, the Rev. G. E. COrrie. Norrisian Professor of Divinity, and Dr. Southey. -- On Thursday last the following Degrees were conferred:— MASTERS 01' ARTS. Edward Heap, Brasenose College. Rec. John Rowlandson, Queen'il College. Rev.Robertla6ton, Queen's College. 1.: ,- !ward 'Woolloornhe, Fellow of Balliol College. llcv. John Charles Bentley, St. John's College. PACHELOR .OF AItTS. Samnel Andrew,'llineoin College. On Wednesday last, Mr. John Alurray Holland, Scholar of Now College. was admitted Actual Fellow of that Society. Yesterday, Mr. Predei-iek Nrlghten (Commoner of Oriel), Mr. ErlW,ard Moucknto 'Jones, and: Mr. David Barttelnt BartelloCk F, - Nt's. kin), were elec:ed and admitted Scholars of Corpus Christi College. The Rev. Alfred liewlett4!M.A. - •6f . Magdalen • Hall, In cumbent of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, and formerly Cu rate of Asticy, near• Manchester, v: Gaut by the resignation of the Rev. J. W. Edwards patron, the . Vicar of Leigh. . The Rev. Wm. Nathaniel Tilson Marsh, of Oriel College, has been admitted, 1:y the Lord Bish6p of Worces, ter,- to the Incumbencybf the Epispal Chapel Or Mary, Leamington' clately erected, endo,yo,, awl consecrated. un der the. Church - ets) Oh the nomination of the Trustees .of the said Chapel. Wednesduy so'nuighi., Wm. Fitzherbert, Esq: over-street, Hanovor-Aluarc) and Licentiate of toe Royal Coll;•.::c of Physicians, Louden, was elected . aTellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, on the foundation of D.•Ed- wards, gent PROMOTIONS Rev. Jas. Win. Gcldars, D.C.L. late Fellow of Trinity Valli Catnbridr, to the Rectory . of Kirk Dighton, York shire., void by the death of the Rev. ',lames Geldart. _ , .., ..: Itev.. Win: Dusautoy, Lecturer of- bideford, to be Curate of Frome - Selwooa, .Soulersetshiro. . . . . SECOND EmrrioN. Standard Office, Three o'clock We have received • our files of the Jamaica Royal Gazette and Standard to the 24th of December, inclu sive. The island was perfectly tranquil. The session of the House of Assembly had been brought to a close, after transacting more actual buSiness than on any former'occasion. It is to be hoped that the con= fidence, which has been established between t.ii Go vernor and the House of :As:.,embly will he reciproeated, by the Government at Home. . • • We have also received Pewerara papers • to the 14th . of Decenlber. The col4y was more prosperous than it had been. A great public dinner had been given on the 12th ultimo to GovernOr Light: We 01,111 give a report of the proceedings in our next. LivrAtvom. :,Lo.KETs.—THIS DAY CORN EXCHANGE. From Cho e,outinnance -or stormy weather, we have had very-few vesseh: up since Friday ; the arrivals fr,sh in for to day arc co:Ise:du:114 . entail, e.x'cept Oatmeal, of which 1.11 ', -, ,Tplit,f'coming in by steamers, are moderate. lia.ving a !ood atteiidaree of both town and country mil lers at thi:; d;y's market, and a more general demand for all de,-cript li,ns of- Whea4 than for_ some weeks past, the trans actions in foreip,.chiefly to consumers and partly for Irish acconnt,.v.ir'. rather extensive at an advance of 2d per 701bs. .EnglishENVh at also realised a Similar amendment, and Irish 1 , -Vtitssluitqie - iiitl able, hut not dear'er. : ' 'fr'Llilkii: lictiWitilliffiClzfaoo'4lhaind in :low request at late prieeg ; lihile foreign, sluit)Liphicl, commanded- Is. per barrkVov'er :lie rat4sol* this dn., fq , !.traight, and of American in 3,,11, n.;.,i) Q.. i,,0 , I;;.,-,,,I, t 0,,; v found buyers.at 30s. 140,-; up,n a ii,,. t; (! ' I,,L;ltannnl its- former value. Fine Nlidt..l:cin - . ,•iri;c,was' ;he tarn ( I .:arer. Beans and Pease , difficult Of siV, B riEf 1- , !ether. cheaper. Oatsand 4atint4al;'4lthiiit;,lt ibetuing to meet somewhat _moreinquitT;.*.terefro:tiicahs"radily Sale:111e, and, - ex cept in one ‘or -tWo itt,-.ta.nces, 'ille4 - zak retained our last quo tatiOits.' '- ~.. „.„,,,,„ i ~- ~, i ~ ,: .•,,, . • A VA (11•1 Eq :S 'OP j(1 ,ORN. ,4eirfig, 1440, iitclusire C 0.157- WISE. uEscrurrir?N LI7,IITED TOTA STATES. IRE . 1. .1 Nll. WheAs Qrs. 1231 QrA: l 157 Malt Qrs. Oats Rout . 'Sacl4s . 312 Ditto . . Brls. ' :1 , 10 Oatmeal . . Loads di 3 Rye Cie . :. 12 I.lans Pease . Qrs. Sllelted Barley . Qrs. Indian Corn .. . Qrs. Rapeseed Qrs. EXPORTS. Foreign—Oats, 284 qrs. ; Pease, 125 qrs. ; Oatmeal, 125 qrs.; . Flour, 448 barrels. Ireland—Wheat, 166 qrs. ; Rye 21 qrs. ; Beans, 14 Corn. 125 qrs. Coastwise— , Whcc.t, '790, qrg. ' • Barley, 681 qrs ; Malt, 50 qrs. ; Oats, 6.5 qrs. ; Beat's; '27 qrs. ; Pease, 5 qrs. ; re.mr, 40 sacks, .190 barrels. A - , , crage prices of Grain, for tlnc week en:ling Jan 17, 1840. Wheat., Cks: 0.1. 1 Barley...lgs. ad. 1 eats.. 235. led. 1 Rye.. :19s. Cd, Beans.. -sus. ad. 1 Pease, ags. gd. Agregate average of the si7; weeks. Wheat.. Cris. 1.1. j Barley.. ags. 10d-1 Oatg.. 245. 2d. Rye; .•38s. Beans .. 425. Id. 1 Pease.. 41s. lid. Duty ola .ForeigmGrein,&c. this.week. - - 2173 49.1 517 1310 503 500 3699 Wbeat`2os. Bd. I Barley 35.,4d. I Oats ~,.. '. IQ.s. pct. I Rye .. 12s. Gd Beans, 5,. Oil. I Pease: ai: sa. t ihdiaii Corn, 38., 1 d. Flour, 12s. ad Li , erpool ArJr.3..ger:, week ending 21st January, is-to. I AVIL: - :..A. , Barley,. Oats. a.s , Beans. 1 l'ee. a r..... . 531 ' 179 1532 . 6 10 Ut1C.,1,.. 5/,.,. Od. -1: , ,, - .% •.:(l: . .255'. • d f 455 . .. Od. i :-13s. Od. LONDON CORN' EXCHANGE—YESTERDAY. tnr market: this morning was very scantily supplied with Wheat,.and•kaving experienced rather more demand `c Diu fclearancelvas easily effected, at, in soh instances, a triflin.talyaneu on last Monday's quotations. lii free ftavigit Wheat there was,not, notch doing, but the sales efi'eeted lii•mly supported last, week's rates. Flour met a Lir steady demand at previous prices. Of Barley the re ceipts have been. very small, and as. our maltsters.and distil lers showthl some 'disposition to purchase, all descriptions readily found purchasers at last Monday's currency. The fresh arrivals of Oats were unusually small, and this article was held tirinl;" at prices from is to 2s above those obtained on this day se'nnight; 'which caused the trade to be some- What tin beet heav!: parcels generally realised this improv,einent. 13tratis . and Peas the transactions were quite unimportant, and the 'value of these articles remains unaltered.. . SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE 'TUESDAY, JANUARY ..:B.—Wind S., blowing fresh. ARRlvgn:--Tirone, frorn Jamaica—Michigan, New OrVair— itkolutPth ------, from Paraiba—Princess Victoria, , iron' Marseilles Jamaica, White; Barbadian, t4gbes; Charlotte, .Whi Le ; Dore _ tbea, Jaines,,hencL, at Jamaica e 1,1011, . ____--, ' from LOntlon; Helen Syrners,, hence; and Ira,letplill, ---, from the CI yde. at Aux Assam, —; and Jane; Erskine, tromaYes Dundee,SaVaailla, Ridley, hence, at Santa Martha at Port.au.Prince JOhn liroOkA, Nichol ;Mid Lapwing, _ , • Sivas, Short; sailed front( jt, Kiw,, K) . Na,, ,nenee , at La Guayra Regalia, Cobh', lictit,e,'hl7l'rinlidtd • -7tn Dec. Amelia: _---4:, Ilence;oBl2lacithcia ' •- ~ • •• .• . . • igi,, s • L ',,, t; ~ , ,a i le d , tom. itl,lo no ler. this port Ith .t an_ sto;ln King. -7 -- ' • ' - ''' ', frcill,"L G 4 n4 l-0 - for this port ,at Swansea Mary, /trimiwill, sailed from iloo durai f or this pnrt 14th Oct., and hat not since been heard of ~,,,, ~,- - • . line Itoss,:iid'hitcgh,henOe for' New Orleatiii. at St Tho ' nia; BOYIte. ---'— for Trieste, off LiVerpool,.putting bac!: '• '- Lavinia, from Cork for toe Clyde, at Beaumaris Esther, from cork, oil' ditto 1 ,~, • vl r y :::,, , , F l, i v :::: 1. : • Orleans, at Kingstown Il ti ride, (rein „•`-' et Amos, hence for London, at Pwilhely, lost hoar, bulwarks, salty, 14e, , On the'l2t . ti Ja. ' Eleanor lA' . ari !,, for Constantinople, at Studwell Roads Matilda, llorloin tat 3 Smyina , P. - 7rlitiff p.-,rt, at Stticlwell Roads.' It long O. spoke the llen Gerrna, Thi n A , _ , •„n.,front Leghorn tor this port, a Milford 5w . 1 , ,,,, _ ii , ft i l i cefur•Alo*sina, off Cape Spartel, 10th inst. 1d amts !iloan. hene 6 e it t 11"91. at:-,Che'''''4eake hay ' al day,, having e ,, periii Z e t t 'harlcstwrt, has put back, after being out to get ni;t:•ii (either than. Invery heavy weather, and not being able Flora, ',nee for St John., N.l,;Lar. About ten days since saw the Tire Corsair has beate n over the the Bee, h enc e fo r Lima mile from Formby boat.lionse, S e.banks. mid is on shore about a IlaisTra, .lan. 25.—A 1 ,,,,,, ia.i. Le dries at half ebb • ~ for Liverpool; has been drlvetrup this h , lttc!. trout . the Mediterranpaii,. 11.0 i.Viii.:AD, Jan. 27.—Last night tille a aal'rn— wind :r .11 a t 6 a.m. nel ' • Wet , t, blowing hard and B, inally. p m C .. Ilegg2t, from Liverpool to Cork, dot a 'Utilityh—Larl Rodeo, (steaMer) 4 : tamer, 482, off, oittward.bounii. tireat,„,., o f coal. At 1 p.m. lite card.) of the trig Solon are saved. ; meat ) ( f t . f the d ea l p l an k s o f pected tote saved, though much damaged th e .balks are ex. Mitrono, Jan: 2S.—The Indiana, from Calcutta to Li become a total Wreck .* very little of the cargo will 1,„ - , ve tPodl. has Regina - , Paton, from Prince Edward's Island,' and t1;,,..N, v e r 1 • Tile . Srvanilla to Liverpool, gOtiti contact daring • the . gale lasetx;fr""' •the foinier received considerable damage. A great qu int ;Dight ; y of wreck is washiug on shore tothe north Ward. •,)•titiersTAitte, Jan. 26.--The Elizabeth Moore, Moffatt, from Syd_ nq, N.S.W. to 'London, was run, ; Rn, the, Alapliu yhtiteday,,witit , r a q,r cerikflt or> and cables, but orris -assisted off in Bic afternoo; k tall%lol.6lvsliore near S wa licliffe, vOthput clamar-,e, and will be whinindiala when the t-,11 - iindetate 1pitt3V 4 401,41.11, ;14. --it large vessel, bottom up, was passed off ;.R3,4 4 46'11 ; , .t,Ltlie Maget nit' paeet- • ~, "t!F , .€ l , ggraph signali could be passed beyond Voryd Station 1,- )CV ., g - , al 715 a.oi'. .. ti~ s.\`4?. CONSERVATIVE MEETING AT GLASGOW. land. (Laughter and applause.) It was notorious that these measures had been used for the purpose of agitating the On Wednesday last, at twelve o'clock, a numerous and I country, and nothing gave the Ministers greater pleasure most respectable meeting of the Conservatives cf Glasgow than to see them defeated. Let it not be believed that it was took plane in the Tradea' Hall, in reference to the motion owing to . the House of Lords that Ireland had not received .of which Sir J. Ye Buller hai given notice in the House of the hing-desir e d mun i c ip a litie s . B u t everythi n g h a d ser v e d Commons, expres s ive o f want of confidence in the present the Ministry as a plea why they should not relinquish their Ministry. At the hour appointed to•assemble,tthe gentle- f places. Look at the manner in. which they had dealt with men began to pour into th e Hall, gird in the course of ten I the Church of Scotland. They had sent a commission to in minuted it was nearly filled. From the very appearance of Tall quire into - the religious destitution of the- country; these the coil - y, we perceived at once that they were' eoineuSiohers had sat for months—they g eye in their report mons to ti man, and determiued, by every legal means in in •fragnwrits—these coannisaioners had proved to demon their power, b rid themselves and the country of the see- ,Lr a ti oll that religions destitution did. exist to an appalling vices of the present most s h a bby rulers who have so long extent,—but \then this was proved, the wholeetee thrown. nauseated and disgusted their countrymen by their misdeeds, aside, and the AdMinistration were unwilling to enter further and their callous apathy to everything great and higheminded. — me the subject. In short, this Admistration throughout its. We OVt'rlo.. Finlay, Esq., whole career—from the drst hour of its existence to litieVailitewand, Mg., Robert Monteith, Esti., James the present moment—had been characterieed by delay r , Ceinpbeil, Esq.. J. T. Douglas, Esq.. Archd. IVPLellan, procrastination, and deceitfulness, - and by. a connexion Esq., Win. Bro wn , E ste , Wm. Gray, Esq., John Bannaryne, with those who ought to have , been the outcasts of Esq., W. Leckie Ewing, Esq., Alex,. Morrison, Esq., 'John every administration. 'At was att"Vtithlistration, fbund- Pollok, -Esq., John Leadbetter, F,sq., and other ,ed the: Lichtielthehnettee cOnspietiey, and proifeed te(l i) sery y es .. up by the bed-chamber _elute (Laughter and !Applause.) On the motion of Mr. .Guar, the Lord- Dean of Guild It Sir • idinesdarehted ti , nly : sairi, the shabbiest BROWN was called to the chair. -Ministry that ever ensted. - "Vitt itswas not for its ehabbiness Mr,J;eitICALAN FI::LAY, on rising, was received with much alone that he dissented from it t —but it was from its utter tipplause. He could assure the meeting, that lief& it by no -want of honeety, and from its being unable to say " Ay, av,", means a pleasant duty to meet in political discu ss i on . He • an d " No t no." with a pure intention—(applause)—that they did hope that the state of the country would have enabled him had been deprived of the confidence of all classes ie the cont to ave h continued in that private stati on , w hi c h so w ell inunity. (Applause.) It was not alone because they knew . • agreed with his inclinations and befitted his age. But un- - that their supporters were of a dangerous description ' • but happily the state of the times, and the prese n t position of , be c a use it was f e lt th a t i n th e course w hi c h th e y pursued they' the country was so extraordinary, that he must submit to were not honest, anti for this reason he would call upon them what might be considered • an imperious duty-e-(applause) to declare their want of confidence in the present Adminis and he hoped he should never be found wanting in the disc tration. • (Loud applause.) And if successful, then would charge of those duties whi c h were ca l cu l a t e d for the 'good of they - have an Administration which would not rely upon the the country. Ile would n ow rea d th e reso l u ti on w hi c h•it • support of those who countenance social and domestic was his intention to propose, and conclude with few obser- anarchy—then would they have a ministry wiM would dis stations. (The lime gentleman then read the resolution, the dein to introduce' the father of that detestable sect, Mr. essence of which is contained in the Petition which follows.) Owen, to the Queen's presence. (Applause.) Then would He continued--Now these were the resolutions to which he they have an administration which would not hesitate to was desirous of inviting the attention Of the meeting ; and of- affirm that the alliance which the Queen is about to form is showing, in a very few words, the imperious duty imposed a Protestant alliance—(Loud and enthusiastic applause)—an upon .the contitry by the corsduct of the present Ministry, to omission which in former times might have.been of less inn exercise every means in their power by. calling upon the portance, because the country was not then threetened with House to alter their course, - and remove the power from the that which threatened them from Ireland. But the fact was hands of .those counsellors who-now surrounded the throne. that they dared not introduce the allusion to a Protestant (Applause.) He begged -to call the attention of the meeting alliance, drawing their breath, as they did, from O'Connell. to the commencement of this administration. A very short They dared not put into the speechthat the husband of the time before it came into power, an individual who had filled Queen.was to be a Protestant- Prince. Mr. Monteith coed a very prominent position in the country, and who had since eluded by steting that, as he had been totally unprepared to been a most useful supporter of the administration, was de- diacess the - politicallaquestioe involved in the matter, lie nounced by 'many of those gentlemen who now formed would conclude by simply seconding the: resolution.—Mr, the cabinet, as a most dangerous person to the State= M. was loudly applauded. . . he was denounced in. a speech f rom the throne by these wile resolution was putiroin the elleir and carried maid men who now- draw their breath - by his command. .Now,. mously. .. • what was. the -country to think of those persons 'who in a; Mr. MING( ) CA in,a nervous speech, in whieli very brief period denounced this man AS dangerous', and broughtsfelly before the audience the national turbulence ought not to be trusted, and then who receive , at his which had grown o u t o f th e enc O u rageM e et of th e p resen t hands - that support which glees them 'political exist- Administration, and the .discoetept..and,dietiatiefaction with ence? (Applause.) The next, and perhaps last ally,. which Which they were d rutedided litPaild Classes, moved the next the present government got themselves, was a person of a resolution, to the effect that a petition be Prepared and trans diflitrent character—a gentleman of great' witted to the honourable representative of the county Of MaCauley, whom the Government Were deeirOus to secure.' Lanark thr preseetatien, accompanied by an humble request Mr. Macaidey, however, refteSed to join them o uniess he had that he (al r. Lockhart) would support its prayer. - a seat in the Cabinet ; but to this there Were serious objet- Mr. Lee DBETTER, in a neat speech, seconded the motion, . tions on three phints upon which •he itood,tiz., the eonces- which, like the preceding, waginvanunously carried, sion of the ballot, the extension of -the suffrage, and the Mr. W. Bnowet moved - thanks to the Chairman, and the shortening of the duration of Parliameetse 'Mr. •Macauley meeting then broke up. stated distinctly he would support any one of these measures, though by the Government they were denounced as objet- The following is the petition agreed to :- tionahle. After a negotiation - which fasted for six months, Unto the Honourable the Came they were obliged to take Mr. M. in—they were obliged to and Ireland, in Parham give him a seat m the Cabinet, though he differed with them The 'Ff umble Pert' in these important points, end they took him to 'Windsor, • chants, lh‘ froni which -he dated the - well-known letter, wherein he' Inhah' stated that he.would- support all those meaeures, though it • Sheweth, was known that he differed in them from the Ministry. Now Thatyour 'Pe' if men of any. degree of firmness- had been at the: head of-the loyalty to he Administration, would they have endured that another should to the le thus - put his foot upon their neckg, and openly declare that - hew support those important points which they crindeninede Nov.-, if there had been nothing else, these causes he would hold stitliteent to destroy the confidence of the country in then( ; arid nolone would put his •finger on the page of politis cal history, and point to a government like it, Or one which was supported by such means. (Applause.) When the leader,of thig administration is asked •any question ofpublie import, his answer invariably is--" I do not know, but I will inquire." (Latighter and Applause.) Now, it was well known in the practical history of this county that the leader. of the administration shouhl know, and be able to give-in formation ea every poilit. The meeting would be aware that when that great Man -William Pitt was at the head of affairs, nothing of a publienature_ could. be carried into effect that was not dictated anti governed .by himself personally ;. and they were aware too that six tar dine 'carry this pelted* of personal - superinteedence, that on one occasion, a despatch regarding the affairs of We Admiralty bad been prepared, and the officitils were compelled-to sign it, though the other parts of the sheet whre ..coyerecl, ; they : ,new .not itsseontents. 13ut the 4yhdin now followed Was a far difihrent one, wheih thedinifone answer teem tliePeeinieenais--d" I (1(1 not knowt but. I esill. Jete-seasshor4yl.lllli wee k s t3ihte , thi AttcriefeYeGeneral declaied that the country snjoved a happy and-almost unexiMplett4tet4 oaths iquillite; and that his best informatiol.recl e bite - t s tes belielde e thae lust qtrequillity Would Sib t - be distiirotals l Anttalthatigh thishad.been stated, only a few days had elapsed - siege that aiine , Att'oriseY:(-eneral had ap peared-in eliethenplaeteit? arraigns, eititt --charge - tee high trea son, a hotly so numerous, that he had beeri obliged,to,get rid of many odthem by granting them a pardcie. (Applause:). In reference to the resolution which hee(lVlre , F.) liad-proe posed, gentlemen might ask wee there any hlteliheethof their applicationbeing successful. Now, he would say that lie could -have no doubt of the ,success - of. Sir John •BullerhA motion, if the Members of the e l-lotoe , of Commons would only vote according to their fion'eah opistions e for be knew that even amongst those whosunportelthoprosent Athainiste tration there was not one:who would sign a paper, anddeelare , that lie possessed confidence' in th-tt Administration. (Ap plause.) Ail that is wanted to. ensure success that the' Members would vote :wcording to their own opinions. If this were fairly done, the present Administration wmild not , steed a week. But-manYofethese gentlenfdis Idhiked ndttto the facts of the case, leer did.they fellowetheir owe lto)iest opinions in giving dude VOW 'They looked only,to the effect it might have on the ,mindsof their eunatituents;tinlithilhg so ' did not vote according to the honest dictates 'of their judge' nient. He was eatished; theitfOre, that if they had the benefit of the honest • votes'of 'the Members 'of the lithAec d success was certain, anal,Sirel4&Butlerweitid pot need.the - -aid - 1 of , resoluti enik MAW - hair quarter 'to ensure triumphant succeed. (Loud applause.) Before sitting down, lie - would beg !ease, in reference tq, t4ezeriting, of one of those,meast sores of-which 'wag so very fond, Viz, the Ballot, to read a letter tiltiohladdthatilay been placed in his haiidSt from a workman .whe had,,retentlyeeettled: in• the United StateS, end which eahild point out what.ween the blessings of Republica - 1 •Governaniet, and Of the ballet. Mr. Finlay tliwiel'Oti an e r - yera,o t el'Om alieletterewhiehstated • in enhstance, that the Snide were standingeethee, Ulm . was, no money iu :the' cmintryw-that during three Weeks he had not received sufficient t9)paehis hoard, and,that when-they' did buy, they were con pelledto do it at the store at 25 per cent above its value'. -The writer further stated that an elec tion for a Member of Congress by ballot had recently taken place, and all theni in the shop had received voting tickets from their maetersi• which they were required to till up mid place - in the ballot box according to the dictation of these masters, under the pain of instant dismissal from their situa tions •, and one of the candidates, who had reason to thick that the majority at the election would not he his, had run away with the box and broken it up. (Laughter and . ape plange.) Mr. Finlay sat down amid much cheering by again 'reading the resolutions, and stating that the gentleman who would follow him would - enter with much more ability into the tnerits of the question. Mr. MoeseErret, younger, of. Carsta . irs, on rising was re ceived by the hearty plaudits of the meeting, -He did not -know why his hon. friedd nth° had just concluded his obser vations should have been so sure that he (Mr. M.) would enter at full length into the .•question regarding the merits • of the present Administration, for it was only a few minutes since he had been requested; in the adjoining atom, to come forward and give his assistance-to theempport of the resolu tion. He was at first inclined to leave the matter in the hands of the resident merchants of-Glasgow—he was willing to leave it with them, that it mighdbe divested of the recol lection of past local political matters, and that they might come forward,of themselves and declare their want of confi dence in the present Government. .Having been requested, however, be was quite ready to come forward and Support the motion with a few observations. The first thing which must strike every - one of the weakness of any administratiOn- is when the advocates of that administration come forward on all occasions, not appealing to the popularity of their mea-• sures, or the great and. good names which compose the go vernment, or ,by Whom they are supported=but when they make an undue ueedof the name of t the Sovereign, and ap peal continually to the support which they receive from the Crown.: (Applause.) That this has been the-ease with the present adridnistration . ne one could deny, and reliance of this kind must be looked on - with extreme suspicion, vetien they considered the previous character of the party. Did the.pregent Ministry not belong to those who had been ac enstomed to,dispraise .aitel decry monarchical institutions—a' party which now leant' npon that support which they.for merly considered and declared to be frail ? (Great applause.) But he could conceive that there were some .quarters which eiresessed.confidence e in the present administration, arid a tweeter whichhed be e t to 'them a tower of strength. These were Daniel O'Connell and his followers—all the Ribbon ,Lodges, and every member 'of the Roman. Catholic priest hood throughout Ireland. The advantage of this support to them lay in this, that they could point to Ireland; and say, " Behold the peace and tranquillity which now distinguishes this country, after seven centuries of turbulence, and after being the source of pain, disquiet, and alarm to every succes sive administration. All he could say was, if such a de ceitful tranquillity was to be purchased by such means—if the lip-loyalty of O'Connell was to be the condition of the existence of the Ministry nowadays,. he was sorry for .his country, but he could not be sorry for Wellington and Peel, and he would submit to an eternal exclusion from office ra ther than accept of it oit the terms of the misery and degra dation of the present Ministry; (Applause.) The tranquil lity of Ireland was riot the tranquillity of peace—it was an armed neutrality ; and it had been declared -that .so woon.as the present party were reinoVed hone power, it would be the, signal for sending the mandate of disorder, confusion, and anarchy, by a thousand ramifications, throughout the length and breadth of the country. There were e perhaps, one or two other parties who might entertain honfidence in the pre sent Ministry—they had the - confidence of their own wives and sisters, and of the Bedchattiber and Court ladies. (Laughter and applause.) It was certain that Lady Nor,- manby and Lady Tavistock were convinced in their conscience no other administration would be sufficiently disinterested to maintain them in place ;- and - though there were few ladies required to go out on a change of Ministry, still they had all resolved to perish together, and the.othees had resolved not to share the favours' of the Court, *hen the tteuntry had lost the service of such patriotic ladies of, the Bedchamber. (Laughter.) He thought he had mentioned all those in the cohetry who possessed confidence in the present Adreinis `tration; but if they looked abroad, they might find ethers who were willing to grant them their. support. lie thought the - Russian government would repose confidehce in Lord Palmerston, and look- upon his imbecility as the best coun- - terpose to the energy of the ehiciels in .Calcutta. Every nation abroad, in fact, might have - confidence in the iinbe citify, ignorance, and andwardnesa of -the present adminis tration. There was hardly a. sea which had not witnessed: the disgrace of the British tlag. ' And there was scarcely a eolotry which had not been stirred up to sedition. Look to Canada. It had been said for years that the French popu lation of that colone were not to be depended on ; and yet they went on with inquiries and commissions, and these in quiries would still have been going on, had notthe French-. men themselves, though too early, with musket an d b a y one t. settled the matter decisively.. Look to Jam a i ca , i n w hi c h it bad !teen proposed to.suspend the free constitution. It was opposed by Sir Robert Peel arid•his party, and the country had reason to rejoice that the measure was delayed, and that the opinions of a Conservative oppositio n i n m i nor i ty was 'followed, rather than those of the Ministers of the Crown. (Great applause.) Look to the teen with \shoa t they were I, (i n es b e i r t s i ' l e id d e t r o in h g e . conneetettah home. They were combined with men to whom anarchY and confusion was a, godsend, and they had recently given the commission of the peace to a man whom they bad liiiistre to con ro h d would ambiguity. It He e e t t g r e ' e io v i d ln 6 , r s ia l di s l n ee d t ri o re w d t v o r ta i c l e i d i b liau r b nethifoirttainhpnegsfatserdeioti,lisibloteuTis:tse;ifioeras preventsm t i , d h e a l v n r i consisted in the incomprehensibility of their actions, arid the -perfect impossibility to declare the fine Month what they '}rich they had solemnly declared to be absolutely essential do the next. Had they net . abandoned measures to the well-being of the empire ? Where was now the appro pnation clause, and where were the Municipalities of Ire- The following, is the p4itiolY agreed to : Unto the Honourable the COnimOns of Great Britain and Ireland, in Parliament asseinbleA,— The :Humble Petition of the Undersigned Mer • chants, Manufacturers,.llankers and other Inhabitants t,f Clasuow, 7 - Sheweth, That your 'Petitioners, with feelings of the most devoted loyalty to her Majesty's person, and the firmest attachment to the laws and constitution of the Empire, have long been 'impressed. with a belief - that, under the guidance of her Ma jesty's present advisers, the best interests of the State—its tranquility at hothe and reputation abroak—are placed in imminent danger. . • That, under this eonviction, your Petitioners have. learnt with great satisfaction the intention of a Member of your Honourable House to call upou. the House to _express its Want of confidence in - the pre i , ent Administration. • That your Petitibners view the present as a fit time to de clare their serious' fears for the tranquillity of the country, the safety of its public institutions, and the prosperity of the commercial and manufacturing interests of the nation. May it therefore please your Honourable House to take • 'such steps as to,your wisdom may appear proper, to • induce our beloved Scivereign again to restore confi dence and prosperity to the country, by calling to her Royal Councils men in whom the nation can trust for for- the'prOteetiens of its institutions, and the preser, vation of its dearest interests.... A political conspiracy has been discovered in Russia, in which Vv,e,rat'iiitiftrii:ampeesonag - es were concerned, Many or the:pi lizive in consequence been arrested, and placed in clos.treontineinent. LI11?1,12.:ALI Al:l::4*kkia 1.0 A PROVESSION AT: MAN.—Mr. Charles ShoPson, being the only gentleman who made a ten der for attendance, and to supply the prisoners in Stamford, gaol with medicines, line been appointed to the office of sur geon for one year.,•at the sum of £lo.—Stamford Mercury. LT arib,GK_or:CoUSINS.—By an act passed in 1835, sth and fith William IV., all marriages of cousins, subsequent to the passing of that act, are illegal, null, and void. The issue of stic,k;tua,rriages are considered Illeglti mate ; aiul if the father die intestate,his children are exclud ed fro:n inheriting any'of his property ; or if he make a AVM, ;;Ui+J.,'L to a_legaer doty of 1.0 per' cent, flow wily this act :u 'c the royal marriage ANi.r- CORN-LAW Aoi r ron , .—The shopkeepers ;Nike(' down up"Ott!the,'-class below them 'lvith'a degVe't'''cif pride,altoG•ether unknown in their lordships' lunise. thing nitire haughty, unbroken, unmitigated, proud, insole ixanWatid;JM would add, unbearable, than the aristocratic feeling of this clff4 f t„owards the - cla.sites which happened to be a little its inferiors could not be conceived. .This class wouldliot.form arty alliance with the chartists - on account of _the violence of language used at their meetings. Why; at none of their meetings was language .made usi of will& was •as violent:ias that uttered7latelY =ll3§' the 'cap/ tolocracy at n-tuch , !jte , f. o !liY 'the .o.ole3) 7 scriiiien thOr tordthifyg were denounced` As . " dishonest men," when opinions•in favour of the. corn4Aws, were spoken of asprocceding front a " want of• common fuketusty4/ when cevery.flandlord who used his property - as he chose was ptoclaithed to the. assembled thou ! sands res a 'robber. Nothing'Snvidlent as this'WAS' ever heard _at a ebarti4, tneeMga--404ABrurghatitis Atilebh rii Ta ineni; • "U THE BWEACH Oi• PRI vII,F,GE.—Thc following declaration, which-fornled pikitt 4f 4 tik:stifetiii"delATred IT,' Mr: - Henry Cavendish : in lira HouWdf-,Qotritnons in the year 3.769 on' Wiltis's case, appears to be preciselyapplicablep the pro ceedings in that Reuse fit 'We present. juncture':-" I de, from•my.soul; detest and.abjure,' as uneonstitutional'aud legal, that damnable doctrine and position, that a resolution .of the. House of Comma& elm illake, alter; susPend, abrogate, or annihilate the law of the land.". SHARP PRATTICE.—THE. lAIVERIALI3ANKHThe solici tors to thiS rather notorious establiShment having obtained judgment against the endorser 'Of it'bill;'were called upon by two persons, who intimated that if the bill was. regularly noted or protested they were prepared to meet it, as well as the expenses. • ThcsolicitorS, on this very unexpected and agreeable news, forthwith, handed over the bill to one of the gentlemen, who, after an apparent close.inspeetion . of it re - marked, that all appeared' to be right; bill having an execu tion against the bank;he would lake - charge of the bill. The two person4'before referred to were no other than sheriff's officers. Jonathan clearly outdone. NOTES IN, CIRCULATION.—In Tuesday's :Gazette we have an account of the aggregate amount of .the notes circulated in England and Wales by the private and joint-stock banks, and their branches, for three months, from the 28th Septem ber to the 28th December. , We find, ,on comparing this re turn with that of the preceding three months, from the 29th June to the 28th September, that-the circulation of the pri vate banks has increased from £6,917,637 to .;.E7,251,678, being a difference of £334,041. That the circulation of the joint-stock banks and their 'branches was, for the - laSt three months,. £4,170,767 against ; 4;4,167,313 in the preceding three months, showing the trifling. variation of £3134 in crease. :There has, therefore, been an. aggregate increase of £337;49 during the last quarter,. almost exclusively by the private hanks. THE IRON TRADE.—The iron trade in SWeden is repre sented to be in a state of great activity' nd prosperity. The quantity of bar iron produced to the commencement- of last 'November is stated, at 276,000 ship pounds, and of inanufac tured iron 33,600, which, added to 1P,700 of the latter, and 126,700 of the former, on lumd in the entrepots on the Ist of NOvember, 1838, make a total of 448,000 ship pounds. • Of this 304,896 ship pounds wexe exported, orwhich 283,505 were in the shape of bar, and 21,390 of manufactured iron. For home consumption the quantity taken of bah sorts, in nearly equal.' proportions, was 26,605 ship pounds. There remained in entrepot, on the Ist of last November, 11,485 ship pounds of mai - infix:hired iron, and 103,300 ship pounds .of bar iron.. The price of iron of ordinary sizes had not va ried during the year, having been 10 bank rixdollars the ship pound, or about 255. Iod.sterling. The ship pound is equal to about 2801 b. SOUTHWARK ELECTION.—The usual game of the whig radicals has been played in Southwark. At.thelast moment Mr. Curling, the profeSsedly 'independent liberal candidate, retires, or-has been bought off by the ministerialists, and when it is too late for a new canvas of his votes by Mr. Wal ter, carries all his - strength over to Mr. Wood. It is well to mark the political honesty of Mr. Curling,. worthy only of a whig manoeuvre, that the electors of the Borough may know with whom they haVe to deal, in case he should have the matchless effrontery to come forward upon any future occa sion to solicit their suffrages. Now let it be borne in mind that yesterday evening a report was in circulation that Mr. Curling had retired.' A meeting was in consequence con vened ofhis friends in the Bermondsey district, at which Mr. Curling made his appearance at ten o'clock, when he ad dressed the electcirs at considerable length, mainly for the purpose of denying the truth of the report that he had with drawn from the contest. So far from having resigned, the lion. gentleman said it was his' intention not merely to pa to the poll, hut tofight the battle to the lost moment, and yet, in spite of this declaration, which was. most implicitly believed, the walls of the borough were placarded as early as the break of day this morning, with the announcement that Mr. Cur ling had retired from the field, and urging those electors who had promised him their support, to vote in favour of Mr. Wood. No condueLcould be-more barefaced and despisahlt• than this : .—Standard. . .!. . ,.-• , . CURIOIiq AFFAIIL—O n - Th u rs da y even i ng;, a,f ig,, du%en by a livery servant, stopped at the'StAtiOn-house, 1n Maryle bone-lane,:when a dashingly-dressed lady, abont, 40: - years of age, alighted; and requested a fed minutes interview with spector Tidinan, who was then Ligon duty, she Was accordingly' introduced to him, and after some preliminarysemarkifrom her as to the importance of her visit, with a great deal of ap parent sincerity, acquainted him with the fact that she was in possession of ..1.:3000 a-year, and thatalm had folly. made up her Mind to select one of the police force as a partner for life ; " hut,?' added she, " you are not tall enough, and you will greatly oblige me by permitting:mc to haie . a glance at One or two. others." She was politely informed that, the request could not 'be complied with, having . received that, bnfor mation, the lady quitted the place,- and being handed info the vehicle, was driven off in the direction of Holborn, at the same time expressing her determination'to visit . the various Station-houses daily until she Could meet with a meniber of the force to her mind.---London Times. „ . LISBON, JAN. 13.-The following - .is the official, statement of the shipments of .port wines during the last year:—lo Great Britain, Nevvforidland, Guernsey, Jersey, 26,3291 pipes; Quebec, 1971 ; ports of Portugal, the Azores,..and • Cape de Verde Islands, - 1921; Angola, 3391 2 '; the Brazils, 1,9132 ; the United States of America, 3,471 ; France; ; • Holland, 9Q,1- ; Hamburg, Sweden, and Norway, 464;1 ; Genoa and Spain, 2; Russia and Denthark; 147 ; Austria and. Prussia, 61- ; making in a 1133,172 pipes, which is about 4,300 less than last year ; but if we consider that the shipments to the Brazils, in consequence of the heavy import duties lately ' laid there,. have been 5,000 pipes less than what .they were the former year, it will appear that to other ports the_re.is in. crease of near 700 pipes,—for instance, the shipment to Quebec is the first which has been made, and we understand it is likely to prove a good market for that sort of wine.. The, fact which is here evinced, independent of a diminution of near 8,000 pipes in the shipments of other wines front Lisbon, is a sufficient cause to - induce this Government to,lo-se no -• time in despatching its new Minister to the Court Of Rio de Janeiro, in order to bring about a mutually advantageous commercial treaty. REIGN RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. APPROACHING HALF-YEARLY MEETINGS OF RAILWAY COMPANIES. We take . the opportunity of offering a few suggestions to the proprietors of railway stock, as to their proceedings on the occasion of the approaching meetings of the various com panies to which theybelong- In the first pike, let us advise, in all cases where it is con verdent, a perSharatie . ndalice. At no thus has it been more desirable that the fullest information, as to the progress and prospects gf these undertakings, should be elicited from their directors. Something more than the usual no-meaning re ports-which in ghost cases hitherto have been more calcu lated to mislead - than to gUide—some more definite and de :tailed informatiintis wanted by shareholders.and the public, to enable them to form correct views as to their position ; and it is only bysearching and personal inquiries that such information can be elicited. We aro fully aware of the ditfl culties in which hose who have the management of large undertakings havE been, and will be pla/Td- 7 -of the impossi bility of their conducting such undertakings to the satisfac tion - of every individual connected with thein---and of the policy of preser,g, to some extent, a discretion-as to the furnishing of infqrmation the publicity of which might, in their judgment, be prejudicial. At the same time, we must express our opinion, that hitherto this,kind of mystery has been carried to an extreme which almost justifies suspicion that there is son thing to conceal, and excites an extremely uneasy feeling or the part of shareholders, who might other wise have every confidence in those to whom they have en trusted their proi3brty. There are a great many points, too, upon which infolmation can be much more satisfactorily conveyed by directors or engineers verbally, than otherwise —erroneous impressions, only partially entertained, which to notice in a report, would be impossible—fears and doubts, which to presuppose might be,derogatory, but which a few words can set at nest; and we' firmly believe that it would be the interest of directors, who wish, to stand well with their constituents, and who, at the sam4 time, deserve to do so, to urge as large a personal attendance as is practicable: Confidence, be it:remomhered, is very catching, and is more easily communicated to a crowd than to an individual. Men like to see occasionally with whom they arc associated—who are in the'same boat with them ; and if, amongst the crew, they recognise influential ands'gacions Men, ready to rely upon the zeal and ability of those who steer, they are more willing to try the voyage. • We.think, therefore, in the pre- Sent depressed state of railway property, it is especially the duty of influential and Wealthy shareholders to attend, and, 1w their example, encourage their weaker and inure despond ing brethren. Allow us, whilst urging this point, to deprecate under any circumstances, the display of angry feeling on the part of shareholders, who have, or imagine that they have, grounds of dissatisfaction. The fable of :the Bundle ofTagg,ots was never more applicable than it is at preSent to railway com panies. A united proprietory may still, in spite of past errors, recover their former,' or at any rate a favourable position ; but dissension is the sure path to disappointment and ruin. Let the sources of evil be laidhare, and endea vour by'well directed and combined efforts to repair them ; but, remember that where there is -dissension amongst those to whom the management of great undertakings is entrusted, the public at least will have very little faith in their being , - well managed. - Another hint let us convey to our friends. It is well known that previous' to the half yearly meetings of some concerns, it is usual to get ly a little excitement, pro or con, as may best suit the views of different parties interested. Let the public he on their guard. -.Let us have no more leap 7 ing in the dark—no more groping after the'heels of specu lation, and landing in the mire . , 'it is evident that a brighter day is approaching for those wbo will wait prudently until dawn. Symptoms of returningintidence are daily display ing themselves in oitr share market, and hy-and-byeop doubt, we shall witness the resuscitation of many under-, takings-whose recovery we have- thought . hopeless. Some; thing,however, yet reutalps.. to be. done. - The evil principle is weakened but not eradicated, and before we place implicit confidence in the signs of rei - upring health, let us be careful to provide againSt the dangeris of a relapse. So far as the transketiOris in the market evidence a t pre sent, the reaction has been healthy, having been confined to those undertakings upon which the paid up capital is suffi ciently large to be affected by the pressure of the money market. There is ample room still for improvement in these stocks, and'snch inipl'ovement will gradually be felt. Until this hoWeVer takes 'Ame to a fair extent, the holders of stok upon whiehless amounts have been paid up, must be content to wait their turn, and make Use of the interval in " setting their houses in order." No mere ...peculation—no tempo rary excitenient,part materially, assist them. A firm dispo— sition on the part of their brother proprietors to hold until better times, is all they should seftk,"atid they must rest as sured that hitter times aro not 7 far distant. We. nuiy possibly l in our next ; offer a few remarks upon the prospeets!bt• market generally, in the hope of aiding our readers in forming a judgment as to their proper line or pro ceeding. .; ,• itkl; LaAt7nlight in taw I loose of CouunopLq., cony ersatiou .took place on tl:e subject' of the Commission apt pointed to in vestigate and report upon the 1)ost lines of Railway to Ireland and Scotland. In answer to a (motion from Sir Robert Peed : , PreSident of the'liomi of Trade stated mast distinctly that there ; was ,J11)4 intwition3nn • titepidel of GtriAtii4enTfif tako the lines 'that might be determined upon out of the hands of private Companies. Giivernment, raid the right: honourabe gentleman,.wasonly. desirous of ascertaining that the best' tine was selected' It appears from what was stated by Mr. O'Connell, that the Report Upon the Anglo-Hibernian line xvill be laid upon the table of the floose in the course of three or four weeks.—Railway Times. : PARLIAMENT PROCEEDINGS ON RAILWAY S. AIIBROATO AND FORFAR RAILWAY, ' Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill; to lie on the table. Jan. 21.—Committee on Pitition fixed for Monday, arc. Pebrnary - . Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill referred to the Select Cominitte( on Petitions for Private Bills. • cnysTun AND , SABRE READ RAILWAY. Jan. 17,—Petition for Bill; to be on the table. Jan. 22.—Petitioit for Bill referred to the Select Committee on' Petitions for Private Bills. ADINGBURGH AND GLASGOW RAILWAY. Jan 20.—Tetitionifor Bill ;' th'be'on the tabie. Committee on Petition fixed. , for Thursday, iith February. Jan.-22.--Petition for Bill referred to the Select/Committee on Petitions for Private GLASGOW, PAISLEY, KILMARNOCK, AND AYR RAILWAY. Jan. D.—Petition for Bill; referred to the Select Com mittee on Petitions for Private Bills, . . Committee on Petitiondixed,for.Friday, - 7th FebrUary. LANCASTER ONI, PRESTON RAILAVAY. , Jan. 17.--,Petition for Bilt; to lie on the table. Jan: 22.L , --Petition for Bill referred to the Select Committee on Petitions for - NORTIE UNION RAILWAY. Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill to lie on'the table. Jan. 20.—COmrniitee on Petition Mixed for Monday, 3rd February. 22.--Petition for Bill referred to the . Select Committee on Petitions:for Private Bills. SII EFFIE LD AND ROTHERHAM RAILWAY. Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill ; to lie on the table. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bil 1 re,ferre4 to the Select Committee on Petitions for Private Bills. VALE RAILWAY. • • Jan. 17.— , -Petition for Bill; to lie on the table. Jan. 22.--Petition for - Bill referred to the Select Con - in:RUT on Petitions for Private Bills. • The Gloucester and Birmingham Railroad appears to be silently progressing towards completion, and the preparations for opening some portion, at least, of the line, are daily 'be coming more manifest. One 'of the new American engines has been lately upon the line, and within the last few days, has made several experimental trips between Cheltenham and Tewkesbury, performing the distance of nine miles in thirteen minutes. At present, everything augurs well for the success and prosperous accomplishment of this important under taking.—Cheltenham Looker-On. IRISH RAILWAYS. On Saturday last a deputation, appointed at a meeting for the promotion of railways in Ireland, held last wek, waited upon his excellency the Lord Lieutenant at the castle, and. having submitted certain resolutions to the effect that the £2,000;000, originally propoSed by Lord Morpeth, should be expended in forming main lines to the North, South, and. West of Ireland, as far as the money would go, it was re solved :—That as . private enterprise, unaided by the state, does not appear to be capable of securing to Ireland the great advantages of adequate railway communication, we do re= spectfiilly press on Government the justice and expediency of performing the work in the way best calculated for the public good." His excellency stated to the deputation that he would forward to the Government the resolutions of the meeting, and his own favourable opinion thereon, with all the influence he might possess. But he was decidedly in favour of the plan recommended by the railway commission ers ; and there the matter rests.-L MM forniny Herald, Jan. 25 : 'Dttb/in Correspondenee. NORTH MIDLAND RAILWAY. The works in tole neighbourhood ofßelper are rapidly pro gressing, and in several , portions the . then are working night and day. The permanent way is progressing very fast. The Derby station is driving on with all speed, and the Leeds station, : the letting of which has been postponed, will be let in the course of a week:—Derby Mercury. A, meeting of the Directors of 'th e M ar y por t and 6arlisle Railway was held•at Aspatrin on Saturday week, at which the first report of Mr. Blackmore, the new. .engineer, ..vas read, and from which it appeared that about seven miles of the line will he ready for the conveyance of lime and coals in the month of April next. We were also told that arrangements were entered into with the owners of coalpits along the line, and from a calculation made it is expected that full 10 per cent. NAM the expended capital will be realised by this ft-elle JoUrnal. NV :LILY RETURNS OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC. (From the Raileail Magazine.) N', m F. . I ) Pasi7Juj P.mileyanile Passeng gers. Cash. pr.wk.:p. day. per day. -- -- - - -,-- —'— • - ' ' X, : A; . I X . Birmingham South Western._ , 2194 37t.1 5 Great Westcrii L---: : 23841 77A ; 11 --- Greenwich 20633. 709 187 • 261 29901- Manchester& Leeds , 12725. 7081 52A 7! . , 1818 Birminn- b . &Derby " 760 19/ i 4 --- York &lvi.'Midland 1367. 357 ' 241 ! 3 .'2 1 95 1 CrOydan Midland ooulities. :'' 2814 i 279?.! _lB 2 1 -10 61 Eastern Counties. _ 37 G2 , - - - 529 . . ~ Clasgow &Ayr..... ' 1693 - 1-0, ' 6 l 1 282 :1 - Ulster'' • . . --- . AIANCHESTER AND LEEDS RAILWAY. [Length (Aline opened, 13 miles.] Traffic for the first six simians of,this line • .(exclusive of 14: Sundak.s, when it Was eliised,) commencing 4th July, 1839,. and endi ng 4 t h J am:wit; 1840, beifig the day•on which the government duty is made up : Passengers carried 246,412, averaging each two-thirds Of the whole distance opened, 13 miles ; the total amount're ceived, £18,579 19s 5d ; amount of duty, £1,417 13s 111 d. The whole line to Leeds, York, and Hull, will be open next autumn. EXCHEQUER CHAMBER, WESTMINSTER. SATURDAY THE QUEEN V. FROST AND OTHERS. The judges met a few minutes after ten o'clock this morn ing to hear the arguments of counsel on the point of law. reserved at Monmouth on the trials of Frost, Williams, and Jones, for high treason. On the judges ta!iing their seats, The Anorney-General applied to their lordships to deter mine in what order the counsel were to he - Sir F. Polloek - said for the prisoner Frost alone ; his case dlfferedsotriewhat from that of the others. His learned ~ friend. Mt% • Kelly , appeared for the . Prisioner Williams, and Sir William Follett for the prisoner -Jones, He (Sir 'Pollock)! hOped-LjivioSt"ankibtislyildpek that the prisoners would not lose the benefit of their-lordships hear ing two counsel in each case, just as if each prisoner stood alone... . Lord Denman.—We understand that some arrangement has been made by the counsel on both sides. \lr. Kelly understood that their hirdships had been pleased to say that it would suit their convenience that the case of each prisoner should be taken separately. - Lord Denman said that he had intimated to Sir -Frederick Pollock, when that learned counsel applied to him, that in his (Lord Denman's) opinion, the best course of proceeding would he for the court to hear one counsel on behalf of each prisoner, and then, if necessary, to call on the Attorney- General te reply. The Attorney-General said he felt bonnd to claim, on be half of the Crown, liberty for his lehrned friend, the Solicitor- General, also to address their lordships. his learned friend would be in town befbre the arguments could be concluded. He thought they could not refuse to hear the Solicitor-Gene .ral after Lord Abinger—l do net think that we can object to bear more counsel than one; but in that case it would be advis able for. learned gentlemen not to repeat and follow up the same line of argument. _ _ Sir F. Pollock could assure their lordships that there was lo disposition on the part of the prisoners or the counsel to prolong the discussion. He only wished impartial justice to Jeadministered. After some further discussion, of no interest in its details, it was arranged that Sir F. Pollock should be heard on be half, of .Frost; Mr. Kelly on behalf of Williams, and Sir W. Follett on behalf of Jones; and that the• Attorney-General should have the.right to reply to each separate ease ;' that in fact, each case should be separately and distinctly argued and deeidecL 7.7§1; F. Pollock then procO s ded to address their lordships on behalf of the prisoner Frost, and commenced by reading the case reserved for the opinion of the fifteen judges. [Our readers will find in our report of the trials at Mon mouth the circurustgrices on 7hich Sir Frederick' Pollock appealed to the court for its opinion.] The learned counsel then proceeded to say that he consi himself precisely in the same situation is if he were before the Court at Monmouth, and as if Mr. Frost had not been convicted - 4 any offence, but was simply standing at the oar for his trial, and objecting to the competency of the witness Simmons, to be examined under the circumstances under which that witness was produced in court. Two questions arose upon the point of law which had been reserved : the first was, as to the correctness of the • proceeding itself, the delivery of a list of 'witnesses ten days before the trial, but live days after the delivery of a copy of the indictment and the list-of the jury. The second point was, whether it was competent to the prisoner to take the objection, if the objec tion could arise out of the matter, at the moment that he did, when the Witness was called. The statute of Anne commu nicated to Scotland the law 'of treason in England, but bor rowed from the law of Scotland certain matters regulating the form and mode of proceeding, amongst others, the necessity of delivering a list of the witnesses contempora neously with the indictment, though not the period of ten days. It enacted that " when any person is indicted for high treason, or misprison of treason, the list of witnesses that shall be produced on the trial for proving the said in *dictinent. &c., be, given at the samQtime that the copy of the indictment is delivered to the party indicted." That was a distinct and positive enactment, standing entirely by itself, wholly irrespective of of the time before the trial when this was to be done. It was a distinct and substantive direction that the lists and the copy of the indictment should be deli vered at the same time. The question here was, whether " at the same time" had a distinct, precise, undinibted mean ing; independently of what came next=namely, an enactment prescribing the time prior to the trial at which all these must be delivered : for the statute went on thus, " and that cdpies of all the indictments- for the offences.aforesaid, and such lists, shall he delivered to-the party indicted ten days before the trial, and'in the presence of two or more credible witnesses, 'any law or statute to thecontrary.notwithstand . ing,." He contended that there were two things to be done. _One prescribed absolutely that the lists should be delivered at the same time With the eopy of the indictment, and the second enactment, which prescribed the period, did not for get the preceding one, for it stated that the " copy of the indictment, with such lists, shall be delivered ten days be fore the trial." He submitted, that upon the plain construc tion of the act, it was scarcely possible for a 'doubt to exist in the mind of any lawYer. [Sir Frederick Pollock then quoted. several authorities in support of his construction of the laW.] Lord Denman said that with all respect for the authorities cited, he was doubtful whether they. ought to be received. He thought the cases should be Clear and distinct with re ference to the ease before - them. Sir F. Po'thick then continued at great length to argue this point; and, in conclusion said, he was confident that when their lordships had considered all the cases that had been put, and all the principles he had advanced, they - - would co incide in his, opinion, and say the proper time was when the witness was put into the box. The Attorney-General argued the case on the part of the crown. Ile thought that no one.would deny that his learned friend did well in 'hiS objection till the jury had •been 'sworn. Ile might, howeveri- have taken it most un questionably When Mr. Frost was called on to plead, or when he (the Attorney4leneral) had moved that Mr. Frost should . have tirSi taken hi s , turn. But ri b-objection had been made in one,or other of those stages, and for this reason, that if the judges lad'- then held 4t to he valid, there would have been a posttiOneMent,: if notan abarfonirient - Of the trial. It could not then have been brought forward to defeat the ad ministration ofj - i-otlee, and to prevent a person charged with . guilt froM - re iving correction and punishment. The ques tion was; wh ther the objection was well fourilied, whether it rotibe tAke kfte.r the Jttry - had been chatted with fin! in dierrireht. 43ht whateveemighe be the result. of this delibera tionc'it- would ,give him heartilt satisfaction to know that the alleged illegility could het have precluded any injury to the accused party ; on the eontraty, he thereby de facto en joyed an advantage—he had' a greater opportunity - of pre paring for the trial than he was by law entitled to. Now, what was the 'objection? Why, his learned •friend 'had - said that there had been,no list of withesses.secved ;• but that was not the fact; for there had Leen such a list defacto served on the 17th of December. That list of witnesses was bond fide served' in pursuance of the statute. If it- had not been • strictly served simultaneously with the other two lists, and within the time, it'had - nesierthelesS been' served ten days before the-trial, in pursuance of .the same statute. .Then it was clear that the act had been one of irregularity, and not of nullity. • - • - . - - • - ' - ' '. - . . - Lord Abinger—You say that it was an irregularity and not a nullity—that - is, that it was irregular from the circumstance of the list not having bean delivered at the express time con strued to have been intended by •the statute, and that it was not a nullity because the delivery of the list was made 10 days before the trial. • .- ' ' The Attorney-General—Yes ; there had been:a service of the list of witnesses more than 10 days before. the trial. Ile would submit' that it ought not to be competent, by the rules of law, for any party to take such an objection at the particu lar time at which the objection in this case had been taken, inasmuch as that it ought to have been made at a proper time, when the evil effect to which it was—supposing the court were to hold it to be a good and fatal objection—calcu fated to lead, namely, the escape of a guilty person, might have been avoided.. In fact, the objection should have been taken at an earlier period of the proceedings. If the service was bad in one case, it was equally bad in all ; if the simulta-. neous service was a matter of absolute necessity in the one . instance, it was equally a matter of necessity in all. Sir. F. Pollock then rase to reply, and in the course of his observations said that the statute ought to be read and;Con strued literally, or as nearly so as possible. - Lord Abingrer.—But the. judges were compelled to make sense of the different statutes. . Sir F. Pollock meant to say, that the learned judges of a century, or a century' and a half since, had not been in the habit of construing•acts of Parliament so literally, or so near to that which it had been intended their meaning.: or opera tion should be ; in other words, that greater liberties had been taken by the judges informer times than in the present thy. ELord , Abinger.-7And did not Sir Frederick know the chief reason why it was so? It was that in for Mer days acts of Parlianienl were excessively short, thereby leaving very much for the then Sudges to put a construction upon. But now-a days acts of Parliament were not only very long, but were drawn up in such a form as to comprehend, and to stand forth with the possession of, all the ornaments, embellish ments, and style of the special pleader and conveyancer. That fact might. and would perhaps account for the judges of the present time haying become distinguished by their more literal construction of acts of Parliament. (Laughter.) Sir Frederick Pollock submitted that the prisoner had taken the objection at the only period at which he .was at liberty to do so according to the law of England, and he would further contend, that the question ought to have.been then put to him, had he received a list of the witnesses ? And if the solicitor of the crown committed blunders in the management of the proceedings, ought such blunders to be passed over by the court because they might operate in fa your of the prisoner? He must say that instead of having discovered the error, and amended it, they had gone into court, and covered it as much ns possible. • The Attorney-General hoped their, lordships would not alloW a public man to be thus assailed, when he had no oppor tunity of defending himself. Chief Justice Tindal—Yon should have stated these opinions before, and have given the Attorney-General an opportunity of remarking upon them. • Sir F. Pollock begged their lordships' pardon, but he had expressed the very same opinion when he had addressed the court as in the present instance. .He considered that lie was at liberty to observe on the conduct of the prosecution, in a case such as the present, where a man was on trial for his life, and the question so often referred to, he would contend, ought to have been put in the form of the law. It had been said that it was the prisoner's business to point out and to take the objection. Ile would deny this asser tion. When it was charged upon them that they wished to defraud the law of its delinquents, his answer was that they ought not to stir in the matter more than the necessity. of the case required ; and that it was not for the prisoner nor the prisoner's counsel to have made the objection in the first instance. He had only one more remark to make in this case. It was not for him to - cite authorities where there were none, because the statute had been regu larly observed ever since the trial. It was not for him to ' say that the point was clear beyond all doubt, but it was for their lordships to say whether it was so dark, so uncertain, • so without authority, that they - could come to an unanimous opinion in one way or the other. The proper time to object to a witness was when lie was called, but could any one there say that there was not that sort of doubt hanging over the matter whichAmdered it impossible for any lawyer not deeply to regret the difficulties which surrounded this case could not be removed, could not be cured, seeing that the causes from ' which they resulted could easily be dealt with. ' Lord Denman then said that the court would hear the further arguments on Monday; and woaid sit at ten o'clock. The court was excessively crowed during the whole of the day.. Mr. Feargus O'Connor and several other chartist leaders' were present. SEASONABLE BEN EVOLIEN CE.—We have pleasure in stating that W. Turner, Esq., M.P., distributed fifty pairs of blankets to as many poor families in this town, during the late Christmas week ; and we understand that he every week presents sixpence each, through his housekeeper at Mill Bill, to fifty-two decayed old women. This; charitable conduct is worthy of all praise. —Blackburn Standard. 'FATAL Doer..—The Charleston Courier learns from a gentleman that a duel was fought, near Tallahassee, on Thursday evening, the • 12th inst. between General L. Read, and Colonel Augustus Alston, in which Colonel Alston was killed. The weapons were rifles—distance twenty paces.— The difficulty which occasioned this fatal affair, originated during a political ; contest, and has been the cause of much .excitement for several weeks past. LIVERPOOL POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY. (From the Journal) This society held its first monthly meeting for the present year on Thursday, the 9th inst., at the Medical Hall, Mount pleasant, Henry Booth, Esq., president, in the chair. We should much oftener report the proceedings of this very useful society, were it not that its nights of meeting are. so close on our day of publication. The Subject - brought for ward at its present meeting is one we would not willingly lose sight of, it being of extreme importance, 'especially so to the inhabitants of Liverpool ; And we hope the council of the society will not stop.here,.but found-sonic practical measure on the facts laid before them, and bring it under the cogni zance of our municipal authorities. The paper read on the evening was by J. Cunningham, F.G.S., architect. it arose out of facts brought forward by • the registrar-general, in his anntial report of the united king dom, frorn. which it -appears' that' Liverpool stands lower in the;seale of human life than any other town in England. In the paper from which we - extract, Mr. Cunningham points out the causes of this alarming fact, and then suggests the remedy, and in both instances, we think, successfully. After some preliminary remarks, - Mr. Cunningham says-- " In the first annual report published by the registrar general, Liverpool appears to be the most unhealthy town in the kingdom. • Many of the causes which, in my opinion, operate powerfully in producing this unhealthy condition I shall endeavour briefly to point out, and offer a few sugges tions as to the measures that should be adopted to modify their influence, if not entirely to remove them. " But before going into detail, I beg to read to you a few extracts from Dr. Farr's report to the registrar-general, wherein is shown the great mortality of this town, as com pared with others. It must, however, be borne in mind, that the following returns were made during six months of the ye'ar 1837, viz., from the Ist July to the 31st December, when this town, I am given to understand by my' friend - Dr. Duncan, was more unhealthy than at any other subsequent period. Still the comparative mortality is so great, that there can be little doubt of its being a yen , unhealt- place. • h " Dr.' Farr has taken female life - as the standard of com putation in his tables. " Among 100,000 females living, the annual deaths are— FROM FIPIDENircA. 369 London . 418 Liverpool 56 All England Sr MOTION. London Liverpool CAUSUS. London Liverpool All England Leeds, Birmingham Manchester , Leeds. FROM CO2: .. 401 .. . . 494 .. . . 510 CROM AL) .... 1804 . . . . 2101 .. . 2378 Birrning,hani Manchester Leeds Maneho,tcr 697 1116 415 402 670 415 . . . 2520 . . . 3289 .. . 1972 - . " From the above , it will be seen that Liverpool exceeds even London nearly double the number of deaths from epi demics," and a half more from consumption and all causes. Manchester stands next in the list of destructives, and, I be lieve, owing. to similar causes. But we ask, - why should Liverpool be so destructive to hu man life, for no town can be by nature more favourably situated as regards every thing.conducive to health ? First of all, we have a dry sandy soil, with equally dry substrata-of rock, admirably 'disposed for sewering and draining. Se condly, a river sufficiently capacious and powerful to carry off twice a day into the ocean ten thousand times more soil than can he produced by the present number of inhabitants. And thirdly, we have the pure air, for nearly nine months of the year, wafted to us across the broad Atlantic and over the healthful mountains and valleys of Wales, The answer, therefore, must be, that man himself is the principal agent in this work of destruction. Guided mainly, as he is in most cases, by cupidity, he goes on ignorant and regardless of the laws of nature. in the construction of places of habitation for himself and fellow-creatures ; and no place with which I am acquainted affords so striking an example of this blind and sinful mode of proceeding as Liverpool. The consequences. as might be expected, are fearfully exemplified in'the whole sale destruction exhibited in those tables. " It appears by Dr. Farr's researches, that the fatality of every class of diseases is augmented nearly double in a con centrated population, to what it is in a rural population. He compares the deaths in twenty-four large towns, namely : Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Bristol, Newcastle, &e., containing 1,712,000 inhabitants, with rural districts, contain ing an equal pop u l a ti on , i n E ssex , Gl oucester , H ere f or d, Sntfolk, &c., always distinguishing males from females. The following will be sufficient to show : " DEATHS: IN SIN MONTHS ISY TWELVE CLASSES OF FATAL DISEASES. In London and 2.1 In rural dis other towns, con- tricts, contain taining a popula. ing apopulation lion of 3,553.000. of .3,500,000 Epidemic, endemic, and:conta giois diseases . . 'Sporadic Diseases. Of the nervous system.... respiratory organs . • organs of circulation „ digestive organs... . „ urinary organs „ organs of generation. „ organs of locomotion „ integumentary system . Of uncertain seat Age. 4 12,776 7,705 12,019 6,045 8,607 7,847 Violent deaths Not spec:Died 590 .. - 364 3,476 .. 1,832 219 .. 161 460 .. 265 262 .. 154 62 55 4,396 . 3,730 2,924 .. 3,102 ],370 .. 929 1,104 . . 1,657 vj'-;~~ ..;:~; , Total 47,953 .. 29,693 " The xoncentration of the population in cities doubles the deaths from the two first classes of disease ; the ratio of deaths having been as I to 2.11 and 1 to 2.13. " But there are great differences in salubrity, not only between one city and another, but between different parts of the same city. • This is strikingly exhibitedin a table, show ing the mean annual mortality of females in 32 metropolitan districts. We have not room for the whole, but select a part. ‘! ANNUAL , DEATHS AMONG 1000 FEMALES IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF LONDON. teebapel 22 Shoredit ch ............ 32 St.' Pancras Bermondsey 20 Holborn 29 Camberwell lB s St. George, Southwark .. 27 Hadknev Strand. Stepney 24 square l7il " Thus, tiie mortality among ferriales is twice as great in. Whitechapel as in 1-fackneis and one'-half . gl'eater in Bea-, mondsey than in the city. Dr: Fare says— " ' it will be found, c&teris paribus, that the mortality „ i f increases as the density of the population increases ; and where the density and the affluence are the same, that the .- state"of Mortality depends upon the efficiency of the ventila tion, and the means ,which are employed for the removal of impurities. The next step in the argument is to establish these two facts; which will be done by showing that in 32 districts of one large city the mortality increases with the intensity, and fails With the diminution of the causes to , which the excessive mortality has just been ascribed. Thd necessary deduction from the dough s series of facts, st then, is that the.mortality has a tendency to increase'as the density of the population increases, but the unhealthy ten s dency can be counteracted' by .artificial agencies. In other terms, the mortalities of cities in England and Wales is high, but it may be immeasurably reduced. A good general sys tem of sewers ; the intersection of the dense, crowded dis tricts of the metropolis by a few_ spacious -streets : and a park in the east of London, would probably diminish the annual deaths by several thousands, prevent many years of sickness, and add several y ears t o th e li ves o f th e en ti re popu l at i on. Similar - improvements would have the same effects in the other cities of the empire. The poorer classes would be bene fited by these measures, and the poor-rates would be reduced ; but all classes of the community are directly interested in their adoption, for the epidemics, whether influenza, typhus, or cholera,--small pox, scarlatina, or measles, which arise in s - the east end of the town, do not stay there; they travel to • . 1 the west endi and prove fatal in wide streets and squares. .; Thesregisters show this • they trace diseases from u n h ea lthy A to healthy quarters, andfollow them from the centres of cities to the surrounding villages and remote dwellings. Dr. Farr again observes,—` The occupations in cities are not more laborious:than agriculture, and the. great mass of the town population have constant exercise and employment ; their wages are higher, their dwellings as good, their clothing as warm, and their food certainly as substantial as that of • the agricultural labourer. The poor-law enquiry, and suc cessive parliamentary committees, have shown that the fa milies of agricultural labourers subsist upon a minimum of animal food, and an inadequate supply of bread and potatoes. The source of the higher mortality in cities is, therefore, in the insalubrity of the atmosphere. Every human being expires about 666 cubic feet of gas daily, which, if collected in a re ceiver, wonld . destroy other animals; and is constantly produc ing, in various ways, the decomposition of animal and vegetable - Ili matter, yielding poisonous emanations in houses, workshops dirty streets, and bad sewers. The smoke of tires and the's products of combustion are also poisonous. All gases and effluvia, like odours, are diffusible ; they have a certain power of diffusion, which Professor Graham has expressed numeri cally, and all the emanations from human habitations in the open country mingle, almost as soon as they escape, in the currents of the atmosphere. But locate, instead of one indi vidual to a square mile of land (the supposed density of popti ' lation in the uncultivated forests of America and the steppes of Asia,) 200,000 individuals upon a square mile, as soldiers in a camp, and the poison will be concentrated 200,000 fold ; intersect the space in every direction by 10,000 high walls, which overhang the narrow streets, shut out the sunlight, and intercept the movements of the atmosphere ; let the re jested vegetables, the offal of slaughtered animals, the filth produced in every way, decay in the houses and courts, or stagnate in the wet streets ; bury the dead in the midst of the living ; and atmosphere will become an active poison, which will destroy, as it did in London formerly, and as it does in Constantinople now 5-7 per cent. of the inhabitants annually, and generate, when the temperature is high, recur ring plagues, in which a tburth part of the entire population will perish. But the health will be little more impaired by residence upon 1 than upon 100 square miles, if means can be devised for supplying the 200,000 individuals with 200,000,000 cubic feet of pure air daily, and for removing the principal sources of poisonous exhalations. The latter object is partly accomplished by paYed, even streets ; by the scavenger, by an abundant supply of water, by large, well-constructed, trap ped sewers, and by domestic habits of cleanliness ; but it is difficult to perceive how volatic impurities can be removed. and how a streankof uncontaminated air can be supplied where the sun cannot heat the earth and air, where there are no open squares ' or the streets are narrow, or the houses a re only separated by courts, or built in ere/ de sac.' " Having now before us the enlightened views of Dr. Farr, regarding the immediate causes of so much mortality in densely populated towns, and the means he recommends to be em ployed in mitigating those evils, we must at once see their direct applicability to the condition of this town, for, in al most every quarter of it, we have narrow and closely crowded streets, the majority being not more than 30 feet wide, while ninny of them are only 20 and even 15 feet; and again front those very narrow streets, courts are built in cul de sac, not more than 12 feet wide, the whole being huddled together in . "_', 18 4 the greatest confusion po ss ibl e , a pp aren tly w ith a thorou g h ''" and profound contempt of straight lines and right angles. " In the seven adjoining streets of Lace-street, Adling ton-street, Henry Edward-street, more than 700 cases oc curred ; and in the neighbouring streets, Johnson-street, North-street, anti Trueman-street, more than '3OO ; . and in .11Iidghall-street, Stockdale-street,.and Banastre-street, more than 320. In Lace -street alone, (I was nearly suffocated in - a court there the other day,) there were nearly 300 cases; in North-street, 161 ;in Stockdale-street, (a short but filthy *-- street,) 125. These streets are chiefly inhabited by 'lrish and prostitutes.. The other streets in the north district ,4 worthy of notice are Preston -street, (120 cases,) Harrison street, Chisenhale-street, and the parallel streets of Stewart- ' streets near the Clarence Dock, and Bent-street, and Ben jonson-street, between Scotland-road and Comtis-street. " In the south end of the town, 'Crosbie-street, between St. James's -street and Wapping, takes the lead, furnishing 183 cases, (102 of these courts.) Then comes New Bird street, with 151 cases, mostly in lodging-houses. This dis trict, in fact, bounded by Crosbie-street, St. James's .street, and Greenland-street, gives no less than 742 cases, of which about 350, or nearly one half, occurred in courts. - Next to Crosbie-street and New Bird-street, Brick-street is the worst in this district,' 112 cases having .occurred there. " Thomas-street and Athertdn•Sstreet may next be men tioned, (between ParadiSe-street; and South Castle-street,) the former being one of the 'worst streets in the south end division of the town, and 117 cases of fever having been cy visited in it. I shall only further mention Norbury-street, , (a short street near the bottOmsaf Gloneestersstreet,) and St. Andrew-street, off Browplow,hill; although the latter is much improved lately, it `gave 51 cases. In Toxteth Park, .Mann-streeti (70 cases,) Wright-street, (54,) and Fisher street, are at, the head - of the - list.' ":, Mr. Cunningham then adverts to the irregular and defective system of sewerage prevalent in this town, and more particu u C 1 1 ,1 ; 74'.10 4, j If •i+iffil h7~~y, tO ..~~;~ iv. a 4fs,