Northern Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-12-21 00:00:00

1 7" stopped by a killing frost, and by the middle of Novem sr the crop was nearly all gathered in. The result being total cf 2,940,000 bales. fudging, therefore, by comparison with last year, as Well W ell as by the best i n f orma ti on f rom t h e var i ous points in s LB .._ ()nth, I feel warranted i n say i ng that the crop o f is likely rather to exceed than fall below a total of `" s ee and a quarter million of bales. of show an increase on the corresponding week 4 last year. Tais w ill no t b e ma i n t a i n ed for some wee k s %Ileac, as our receipts last season to the end of January We re unusually heavy, whereas this season the weight of receipts is not likely to ba felt until after Christmas. 14 ports are small to alt points for the week under 1 3 8 ',low The total to Great Britain, however, is 50,000 a s more than to corresponding dates last year, while to France the deficit is 33 000 bales. The exports to other d °l lelga parts is only 5,000 bales behind last year to same . 4 ` BB . After two or three weeks we may have a decreased ,"zPort for a while, as it has been difficult for the past ten `, 4 , 4 3 7 8 to cell exchange at the South spinet shipments of votto n to any foreign market. The following is a statement of the movement in Cotton "ce th e 18t September as compared with the previous four hies : 17elpts at the Ports 616,000 247.000 964,000 "'zPorta to G. Britain 222,000 172,000 31,000 ": France. .. 56.000 89,600 114,000 " other For. Pts. 33,000 43,0 .0 76,000 4-4 Exports. .... 316,000 304,001 517,00 J ck on .. 328.000 510,000 432 000 ti.cce) 1954. 1853 620,000 569,000 223,000 155.000 68.000 35,050 34 000 38,003 325 09 2:8, 41 00 330,000 331,000 durinz we past week. included to tn.t above elpts at the Port. , 10,000 103, 00n ' 124,000' 85,000 72,060 PPorts toll Britain 21,030 24,030 45,000 47,000 24,000 .4 France, , 8,000 18,0001 18,000 7,600 8,000 Ports 4.000 • 3000 13,0 0 1 4,000 5 OGO "1111 Expor ts . 33,00,1 45 , 00 0 7F,000 58,000 37,000 ~...______ _ MILLTCY.— ECRlPTS.—Decrease at the ports compared pith last year, 331,000 bales. ExroaTß.—lncrease to Great Britain, 50,000 ; decrease to Rware, 33,000 ; decrease to other foreign ports, 5,000. Total increase in e l"Pcirts, 12 000 bales. l'itaranTs.—The amount of cotton shipping is limited, and the rate dull at 5 321 per lb. to Liverpool, and ee A. to Havre. t aIeADSTUFF/3 ; There has been a very limited demand rr flour , and prices show a considerable decline. Wheat 4 also a little heavier, but we do not notice any decline in I ndian corn. ' o wer ten Patovrstoas of all kinds are dull, and prices exhibit a dency. PRatours continue very dull. To Liverpool, 9,000' 4 shels of wheat were taken at 41, in bulk ; 800 brls of °o n!' at 1s 6d. 1 „, PAS %ENG ERS BY THE S rnAM-811 P AFRICA, FROM NEW "R. --Sir Allan .M‘l l l.,b ; MessrF. R. Wallis, F. Warre, I,:,Perciral, R. Almsteat, H. Smith, G. Cockburn, R. B. 1.103,1Da11, E. Power, W. H. Power, CurTillier, M. Ga nude, )„. 14 Mosley, A. Green, D. F. Coffin. G Von. Baur, 1"." (4 .141‘Nab, Miss M'Nab, Miss M'Call, Mrs. Ewart, Mr. Driggs, Mr. S B Driggs, Mr. A. Menzun, lady: daughter, Mrs C 'Gibbon, Miss Minis, Messrs. M. J. r7gford A. Mitchell, James Christie, M. Smith, Ross, C. Murray, N. Nathan, S. Grabnin Portens, GC. o.ek, J. W. Hamilton, L Pulmnu, M rs. and Miss Archer, $ 4 ta c. Deyer, Mr. L. Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. J t °w,l2 and three children, Mrs. S. Bowden, Mrs. Jones. PRESIDEN I'S MESSAGE. w-CnIZENS OF VIZ SZNATE AND HOUSq of REPICESSNTATIVES— baI (obedience to the comand Of the constitution, it has now a( the my duty "to give to m e on gress the in*ormation of the state tile Union, and .ecommend to tneir consideration such measures' Judge to be necessary and expedient." ti,: l l deot, and above all, ous thanks aee due to klmighty God for 0 7: numerous benefits which les has bestowed upon his people; and r w unit;rl prayers ought to ascend to e him that he would continue t; le ss nor great republic in time to come as he has blessed it in z t i n Past. Since the aejou nment of the last Congress Our constitu , 8 have enjoyed an unusual degree of health- The earth ;has Vred her 1 nits abundantly, and has haver bouniful;y rewarded the toil e ne husbendman. Oar great staples commanded high prices, up tili within a brief pet led, our manufacturing, mineral, and k ee ,hanical occupations have largely partakcn of the general pros rie',;tY e have possessed ail the elements of mateeal wealth in d abundance, and yet, notwithstanding all these advantages, our Nin its monetary interests, is at the pres nt moment in a p e riv'le conditi of agrion In the midst of unsurpaqted plenty in all the w e l u etionsculture, and in all the elements of national wealth, Dr ~Le eur msnufectures suspended, our pnblic works retarded, on^ enterprises of different kinds abaadoned, and thousands-of sti7(T labour-re thrown out 'of employment and reduced to welt. on e s,Lanue of the Government, which is chiefly d- rived from duties appr '"' r to from abroad, has been g - eatly reduced, whilst the Opthie ,„ ^ fts made by Congress at its last session for the cu rent te u eL a r ale very large in a-neunt. ef theise circumstances a loan maybe required bsfore the close 1 ,,," Present ri-ssion; bet tills, although deer)) , to be regrettei, 'aid prove t be only a beget misfortune when compared with the 'tittering and distress p - evailing among the people. With this the Government cannot tail deeply to sympathise, though it may be ‘itliont the power to extend relief. THE FINANCIAL ItEvULeION. e i t 13 eur duty to inqui what has produced such unforttina'a t e' t titas and whether thei re r recurrence b 3 prevented. In alt I r ai.er revulsions the bl .me Might have been fairly attributed to a I t letir of co-operating causes; but not 50 upon the present occasion. appar nt that our existing misfartunes have proceeled solely b lee our extra and vice cue system of paper currency and bink e ttes exciting the Teeple to wild eculations and gambling in tees These revuleioes must continue to recur at successive Intel tee. to long as the amoun - , of tht paper currency and bank loans and e t ,'"onnts of the country shall be lefc to the chefdisretion of fourteen of ?I'eti Irresponsible bankiag institutions, wh rom the very law their natare, will consult the interest of their stockholders rather "n tee public - welfare. to h e e frame a of the c natitutio -, when they gave to Congress the e r ;,er 's to coin money end t s regulate the value the eof," and ,itlbited the Slates from coining money, emitting bills of credit, or s ng anything ate, gold and silver coin a tender in payment of ex,' sulopo.ted they had protected the people feminist the evils of an sts, ~,ive and . irredeemable piper currency. They are not responsible r th e existing anomally that a government endowed with the sen e 'elen attribute of coining money and regtratang the value thereof et i ;:eld have no power to prevent others f -om driving this coin out of o„_eflaintry, and filling np the channels of circulation with paper does not represent gel , ' and silver. / e l' 'gene of the highest arid most responsEle duties of government e n ahritire to the p..ople a sound cireula - m_dium, the amount of 1 0 l to ought to he ada ted with the utmost possible wisdom and ak 11 le:he wants of internal trade and •foreien exchanges. If this be e e r greatly above or grew* , below the proper standard, the t r h iKelt'l e value of every man's property is _increased or diminished . % o ne aarne proportion, ann irjastice to oidividuals, as well as meal i'jtble evils te the commnnity, aie the consequence. nfortuna e'y, under tl e; °attraction of the federal constitution, e,rell ha. now prevailed too long to b 3 changed, this important and 11,..&te duty has bee's dissevered from the coming power and liee' 4l :Y transferred to more teen fourten hundred State banks, indeeeneney of each other, an I e regulating their paper ey alineet exclusively by a regard to the present interest o, their t k liolders. Exercising the sovereign power of providing a paper ncy Instead of co'n, for the country, the first duty whioh these ofs ewe to the public is - to keep in their vaults a settic e t amount 51 Old and silver to insure the convertibility of their notes into to 1 ,,,an all times end nailer all circametancee. No bank ought ever Jew. ehavered without such rea rictioes on its bnsine-a as to secure te e result. All ther restrictions are comparatively vain. This is te -c hlY true t oneh,tone, the only effident re,eul-tor of a paper lawsnoY--the only one ehieh can guard the public against over It 2 4 &ad bank suspensions. As a collateral and eventual security le;pnbtless wise, and in all ca-es ought to be reqa'red that banks e o a e ' 1 hold an amoaiit of United S' ates or St. to securities equal to their te e ,' circu'ation, and pledged for their r.demption. This, how fernahes no effiquate security against over issues. Cn the Ac s ,, a lTi 't may be perverted to ilia ote the currency. Indeed, it is ible by t hi s means t o convert a ll t h e d e b ts of th e U n i te d S ta t es 4 1 ,4, goveinmenta into bone notes, without reference to the t e :fe requirel to redeem them. However va trails these securities et,e 7 e e in themselves, they e,nnot be converted into gold and e ei n'. at the moment of pre sore, as our experience teaches, in tqtnt time to prevent bank suspensions and the depreciation of notes. In England, which is to a c nsiderable extent a paper "nutria though vastly behind our own in this respect, it was trt, l 51 adv sable, enter or to the • Act of Parliament of 151 ehich aeparated the issue of notes from the banking department, te e n') nenk of England always,to keee on hand gold aud silver to one-third of its Combined cireuletion arid deposits If this Of il'ortion was no mo: e than sufficient to sec re the convertibility to notes with the whole of Great Britain, and to some extent the Isee`e,lnebt of Europe, a • a field for its circulat on, rendering it almost , 1114ible that a sudden and immediate run to a dangerous amount 1 11 3 11'5 ,4 be made upon it, the same ; ropartion would certainly be hem, aient under our asking system. Each of oar utter n hundred "01 1 7: 8 has bat a limited eireemlerenee for its circula ion, and In tho !tei'L e ,of a very few days the depoeltors and noteholders might aao fro n su,h a bank a sufficient amount of sercie ta compel thet° 3 Pend, even although it ha coin in its vaults equal to one tee of its hum, (Pate liabilities. And yet I am not aware, with the the ~Ption of the banks of ouisiana, that any State bank throughout t ee 'hitee has been required by its char ter to keep, this or any other ,i4rtion of gall and silver compared with the amount ef its corn % cirealetion and depo its. Weat has besn the consequence ? eole recent report male by the Treasury Dep.& tment'on the condi (11,01 the b an k s th enreho it the different States. according to returns 'e e s e l :' nearest to Janu ry, 1857, the aggregate amount of actual 1 1'4 to teai yeults is 51.49,838 d lars. of their creulaon l'et 4 ' .° a,l22 h dOls., anti of their depots o 230 351,352 flo . ls. i Thus i it 'llier" that these banks in the aggregate have conederably less t he e One dollar in seven of god and silver compared with their het a tion and deeoslts. It was palpable, there - ore, that the very of PreQsure must drive them to suspe eaten' and deprive the people !!'lli e v°4 Ve tibia c erency, with a 1 its disastrous consequences. It is wearteiful that they should have so Eng continued to preserve !lee c redit, when a dement' for the pa meat of one seventh of their ail thl;?diate ashlit es wouldtanks, netwithatand ng that have driven th m into insolven c four hundred . And ,elst',„ the cond i tion of the e ° l ofgold from Ca Vert ia have flowed in upon us within the atts beet years, and the, tide still continues to flow. indeed, such 8 en the extravagance of bank cre ills that the banks now hold , Itei"Mderabl less amount of specie, either in proeorti in to their . 4 410 Y . • e re, rto Veer circulation or deposits combined, than . they did N ir o the dime ere of gold in California Whilst in the year 1848 . 4 el,,Pecie inproportion to their capital Was mre then Uil dollar 0,0 'or fn' four p and p a heir, in 1857 it does teat amount oae dollar „herr') abt dollars and thirty three cents of their cipital. In the aoll er ° 4 B the specie was qaai within a very smell fraction to one Ote; 4 . 10 fn , e of their circulation and deposits ; in 1857 it is not te e one dollar in Leven and ahaf of their circulation and rtes tO , %A t), els statement it is catty to .account for our ti ante i t history , ast forty y-ars It, h as been .n history of extra,v.seaut expaa tt the bushie ' ss of theeenniry, followed by rninons contract oas. eese„eoessive intervals the hest and most enterprising nien have 1;4 ernieted t o the i r ru i n b, excess i ve bane: loans of mere .pape r alit! ; e xalt ng them to extravagant importatioue of foreign goods, Peeulations and rninous and demorelleing stock gombling. t e e e th e _ . ID etif t e aaels arrives, as melee it must, the banks can eetent no „tete e, the People. .in a vain st:uggles to redeem the r liabilities in tl 'ed gt re ,compellel to contract thetrloans and . thetr lues.; 'Nod s ' l, la ll the hour of distress, when their assistance is ss most e;,t Is i i t l t i l eY and their debtors together sinkinsolvency. pek e 4 Paper system of extravagant expansion, raisin; the nomie o f every article far beyond Its real value, when co /pared THE NORTHERN . TIMES.---LIVERPOOL, MONDAY, DECEAII3.;_R 21. 1357. with the cost of simihr articles in countries whose ercalation is wisely regulated, which has prevented us from competing in our own markets with foreign manufacturers, has produced extravagant im portations, and has counteracted the effect of the large incidental protection afford-d to o'}r domestic manufactures by the present revenue tariff. But for this the branches of our manufactures corn posed of raw materials, the product ion of oar own country—such as cotton ' iron, and woollen fabrics—would not only h av e a c qu ired almost exclusive possession of the home market, bat would have created for them elves a foreign ma-ket ttpoughon t the world. Deplorable, however, as may be our present financial condition, we may yet indulge in bright haves for the futare. Isto other nation has ever existed which cell i have endured such v olent expansions and contractions o! paper credits wi , hout lasting injury; yet the buoyancy of youth, the energies of our po;alaticn and the spirit which never quails beloreditficulties, will eatable us soon to recover from our present financial emsarr.ssm?nt, and may even occas on us speedily to forget the lesson which they hate taught. A TEMPORARY NATIONAL LOAN. In the meantime it is the duty of the government, by all proper means within its power, to eid in alleviating the sufferings of the people"occ ;stoned by the sunpension of the banks, and to provide against the recurrence of the same calamity. Unfortenately, in either aspect of the case, it é.n do but little. Thanks to the ands pend• nt Treasury, the government has not suspended payment, as it was compell .d to do by the &Unroof the banks in 1537. It will con tinue t div.harge its liabilities to the people in gold and silver. It. disbursements In coin will pass into clrenlation, and materially assist in restoring a sound currency. From its high credit, should we be compelled to make a temporary loan, it can be effected on advantageous terms. This, however, shall, if possible, be avoided ; but if not, then the amount shall be limited to the lowest practicab'e sum. I have, there ore, determined that whilst no useful government works already in progress shall be suspended, new wo-ks, not already commenced, will be pstponed, if this can be done without injury to the country. These necessary for its defence • hal proceed at though there had been no crisis in our menet& y affairs. But ta•• federal government cannot do much to provide against a recurrence of exeting evils, Even if insnrmountaele coretitutional objections did .net exist against the creation of a national bank, this would furnish no adequate preventive security. The history of the last bank of the United States abund i.ntly proves the truth of this assertion. Such a bank cools not, If t would, regulate the issues and credits of 1.400 State banks. in such a manner .is to prevent the ruinous expansions and contractions in our currency, which afflicted the country throughout the ex stence of the late bank, or secure us against future snapenlots. In 1825 an effort was made by the Bank of England to cu tail the issues of the count y banks under the most favourable circumstances. Th e paper currency had been expanded to a ruinous extent, aad the bank put forth a'l its power to contract is, in order to reduce paces and restore the equilibriten of foreign exchanges. It accordingly co umeneed a system of curtailmerre of es loans and issues, in the vain hope that the joint stock and priva e banks of the kingdom woula be competed to fellow its example. It found, however, that a. it contracted they expanded, and at the end of the process to emteoy the language of a very high official untho titer, "w , atever redu-tion•of the paper circulatioa was effected by the Hank of England (in 1825) was more than male up by the issues of the country banks." THE POWER OF A NATIONAL •EANE-STJGGESTION3 TO THE STATa B INK*. But a bank of the United Sta es would not,• if it conl,l, restrain the issues and loans of .the state banks. be ante its duty as a regulator of the currency mu t often be in &met confl ct w;th the immediate interest of its stockholders- If we expect one exult to restrain or control another th_ir int-rest must, in some degree, be antagonistic. But the directors of a baak of the United States would feel the same interest and the same inclination with the state banks to expand the currency, to accommodate their favoutites and friends w,th loans, and to declare large dividends. Such has been our experience in regard to tee last bank. _ . After al', we must 1 7 nain'yrely two the patriotism and wisdom of the states for he , prevention and riattress of the evil. If they will afford Us a real specie basis for our pa; er circulation by increasing the denomination of bank notes, first to twenty, and afterwards to fifty dollars ; if they will 'require that the banks shall at all times keep on hand one dollar of gold and +Ryer hr every thr-e do'lars of their circulation and deposits ; and if they nil provide by a self execut ing enactment, which nothing can arrest, that the moment they suspend they shall go into liquidation. i be'ieve that each provisions, with a weekly publication by each bank of a statement of Its condi Lion, would go far to secure us a3ainst future sus;ensiins of specie payments. BANKRUPT LAW FJR T BANKS. Congress, in my opinion, possess the power to pass a nnirorm bankrupt law applicable to all banking institutions throughout the United States, and I strongly recommen't irssexerc'se. This would make it the irrevrrsibrNorganic law nt' each bank's existence, that a suspension of specie payments shall produce its civil (Path. The instinct of self-preservation would then compel it to perform its duties is such a manner as to' escape the penalty and preserve its life. The existence of banks and the ercalatiOn of bank paper are so ilenticai with the habits of oar reaple, that they cannot at this day be suddenly abolished without mull numediate injaoy to ne country. If we would confine them to their appropriate sphere. and prevent them from administering to the , pirit Of wild and reckless speculation by extravagant loans and issues, they might be continued with advantage to the public. But this I say, lifter long and much reflection, if experience shall prove it to be impossible to enjoy the facilities which wall regalfred banks might aff .rd, without at the same time suffering, the calamities which the menses of the banks have hitherto inflicted upon the country, it would then be far the lesser evil to deprive them altog.,ther of the power to issue a paper currency, an 1 confine Uzi= 'to the func tions of banks of deposi s and discount. Onr relations with foreign governments are, upon tee whole, in a satisfactory condition. The diplomatic difficult'es which existed between the Government of the Unified States and that of Great Britain at the adjournment of the last Congress, have been happily terminated by the appointm.nt of a British Minister to this country, who has been cordially recsive I. Whilst it is greatly to the interest,. as I am cone need it is the sincere desire, of the Governments and people of the two countries to be on terms of intimate friendship with each other, it has been onr misfortune almost always to have had some irritating, if not dangerous, outstanding question with Great Britain. Tir& .CLA.YT , N-BULWRIt TREATY. Since the origin of the Government we have been employed in negociat ng treaties with that Power; and afterwards in discussing their true intent awl meaning. In this respect the ccnvendon of April 19,1850, commonly called the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, has been the most unfertenate of all; because the two governments place directly opposite and contradictory constructions upon its first and most important article. Whilst in the United States we ensued that thi- treaty would place both. Power• upon an exact equality by the stipulation that neither will ever "occupy, or fortify, or colonise, or assume or exerci,e any dominion" over, any part of Central Amerlea,it is contended by the British Gove rnmen t th at t ie true construction of ihia language has left them in the rightful possession f ail that portion of Central America which was in their octneaney at the date of the treaty ; in fact, that the treaty is a virtual recognition, on the part of the United states, of the right of Great Britain, either as owner or protwto , , to the whole extensive coast of Central America, sweeping round from the Rio Rondo to the port and harbour of San Juan de Nicaragua, together with the adjacent Bay Islands, except the comparatively small portion of this between the Sarstoen and Cape Honduras. Accerdine to their construction, the treaty does no more than simply prohibit them froth extending their possessions in Central America beyond the present limits. it is not too much to assert, that if in the United States the treaty had b en considered susceptible of such a construa don, it never would have been negotiated under the authority of the President, nor wo ild it have re dived the approbation of the Senate. The universal conviction in the United State. was, that when our Government consented to violate its traditional and time honoured policy, and to s , ipulate with a foreign government never to occupy or acquire territory in the • Central • merlcan portion of our own continent, the consideration for this sacrifice was that Great Britain should, in this respect at least, be placed in the satne position with ourselves. le hilst we have no right to doubt the sincerity of the British Government in their construction of the treaty. it is at the same time my deliberate conviction that this constra :thou is in opposition both to its letter and its spirit. TAM DALLAS-CLARENDON TR'ATY. Un ler the late administrai ion negcciations were instituted between the two governments tor the purpose, if possible, of removing those difficulties, end a treaty having this 'audible object in snesi WAS signed at London on the 17,h October, 1856, and was submitted by the President of the Senate on the following llth of Dtcember. Whether this treaty, either in its original or amended form, Would have accomplish ,d the obj :et intended without giving birth to new and embarrassing complications between the two governments, may perhaps be well questioned. Certain it is, however, it was rendered much less objectionable by the different amendments made to it by the Senate. The treaty, as amended, Was retitled by me on the 12th March, 1857, and was transmitted to London for ratifV,tion by the British government. That government expressed its wilingness to concur in all the amendments made by the Senate, with the single exception of the clause relating Ito Ruatan and the other islands in the Bay of Honduras. Tho article in the edgiest' treaty, as submitted to the Senate, after reciting that these islands and their inhabitants " having been by a con-ention bearing d to the 27th dal of August, 1856, between her Britannic Majesty aad the repub it of Honduras, constituted and declared a fre Territory, under the sovereignty of the said republic of Hoaditras," stipulated that" the two cont , swing parties do hereby mutually engage to recognise .and respoct in a'l future time the Independence and rights of the said free Territory as a part of the republic of, Honduras.' Upon an examination of this convention between Great Brit tin and H , ndoras, of the 27th August, 1851, It was f pond that, whilst declaring the Bay Islands to be " a free to , ritory under the sovereignty of the republic of Honduras," it deprived that republic of rights without which its sovereignty over them could scarcely be said to exist. It divided them from the reminder of Honduras, and gave to their inhabitants a sepamte government of their own, with legislative, executive, and judical officers, elected by themselves. It deprived the government of Honduras of the taxing power in every •orm, and exempted the people of the islands from the performance of military duty exce, t for their own exclusive defence. It also pro hibited that repubiie fr,m erecting fortifications (pen them for t eir protection—thus leaving them open to invasion from any quarter; and, finally, it provided " that slavery shall not at any time hereaft r la, permitted to exist therein." Had Honduras ra ified this Convention, she would have ratified the establishment of a state substantially independent within her own limits, and a State at all times &abject to British lain ace and c,..ntrol. Morso - er, had tie United States ratified the treaty with Great Britain in it , origipal fore, we shou'd have been t Dual •' t recognise and respect in all future tithe" these st;puistions to the prl'jadice of Honduras. Being iii direct opposition to the spirit and meaning of the Clayt in and Baler treaty as understood in the Un - ted States, the Senate rejects t the e-tire clause, and substituted in its stead a simple recognition of the sovereign right of Honduras to these Llands.lll the following language. The two contracting parties do herehymutually engage to recognise and respect the islands of Rustan, Bonito, Utile, Barbaretta, Helena and llorat, situate in the Bay of Honduran, and ff the coast of the republic of Hcndu•as as under the so Tere gnty and as part of the said repu'Alc of Honduras. _ Great Britain rejected this amendment, assigning as the only reason that the ratifications of the aatventioa of the 27. h Auzus., between her and Honduras, had . not been " exchanged, owing to the hesitation of that government " Had this teen done, it is stated that " her raja-ty's government would have had lithe difficulty in agree• ing t the modification proposed by the Senate, which then would have had in effect the same sigailization as t,..e origin 1 wording," Who her this would have bee a the effect, whether the mere circum stance of the exchange of the ratifications of the Urit:sh coavention with Honduras priori. paint of time to the - ratification of our treaty with t reat Britain worn], "In effect," have had " the same significa tion ns the original wordi'mg," and thus have nullified tee amendment of the Senate. may well be doubted. It pc- haps, fortunate that the quertion has never arisen. Tee British government,• immediately after rejecting' the treaty as r mended, proposed to enter Int anew treat :with the United states, similar in all respects to the tre.ty which they.h d jest refused to ratify, if the !Jolted Ste - es would consent to add to the senate's clear a • d tinenalid d recognition of the severeigety of Hondnree over the Bay islands .he following conditional stiptration : Whenever and as soon as the republic of Honduras she'l have con= chided and ratified a treaty with Great Eir.bsip, b j which Great' Brita i n shall have ceded, bud the rep of Honduras shall have accepted, the said islands, subject to the provisions and conditions contained in such : treaty. . directly opposite, the wisest course id to abrogate such a treaty by mutual consent r and to commence anew. Had this been done prompt ly, all difficulties in Central America would most probably ere this have been adjusted , to the satisfaction of both parties. The time spent in discussing the meaning of the Clayton and It alwer treaty would have been de wed to this praaewortny purpose, and the task would have been the mo e easily aecompashed because the interest of the two countries in Central Amsrlia is identical, being confined to securing safe transits over all the routes across the Isthmus. THE CENTRAL AMERICAN QUESTIONS. Whilst entertaininq these sent ments, I shall, nevertheless, not refuse to contribute - to any reasonable adjustment of the Central American questions which is not practically inc )nsistent with the Atnerican interpretation of the treaty. Overtures for this pnr ,oee have been recently•made by the Britrsh Go.ernment, in a friendly spirit, wnich I cordiai I y reciprocate; bat whether this renewed effort will result in success, I am not yet prepared to express an opinion. A brief portal will determine. OUR RIILATIONS WITH FRANCR-COMMERCIAL INSTRUCTIONS. With France our ancient relations of friendship still continue to exist . The -French government hove, in several ,ecent Instances, ah ch need not be enumerated, evinced a spirit of good will and kinduets towards our country, which I heartily reciprocate. It is, notwithstanding, much to be regretted that two nations. whose pro ductions are of such a character as to invite the most extensive exchanges, and freest .comenercisl intercourse, should continue to enforce ancient and obsolete restrictions of trade against etch other. Our commercial treaty with France is is this respect an ex elation from our treaties w.tli all other commercial nations. It jealously levies diacrimina'iag duties both on tonnage and on articles, the growth, pro ?.uce er manufacture of the one country, when arriving in vessels belnagi ,, gto the other. More than forty years no, on the 3d of March, 1815, Congress passed an act offering to all nations to admit their vessels laden with their national productions into the ports of the United States upon the same terms with our own vessels, provi 'ed they would reciprocate tons si mil sr advantages. This act confined the reciprocity to the productions of the respective foreign nations who might enter into the proposed arrangement with the United • tates. The act of Slay 24, 1828, removed this restriction, wid offered a similar recipro egg to all such vessels without reference to t h s origin of their cargoes. Upon these principire our commercial treaties and arrangements have been founded, except with France ; and let us hope that this exception may not long exist. EU 2 SIA. Our relations with Russia remain, as they have ever been, on the most friend y footing: The p esent Emperor. as well as his prede cessors, have n -ver failed, when the occasion offered, to manifest their ;pod will to bur country; and tnair fr.endship has aiways been highly appreciated bj the government and people of the United States. OrR TIM WITH SPAIN. With all other European Governments, except that of Spain, our ralstions a-e as peaceful as we could desire. I regret to say that no pro3ress whateva• has been made, since the adjownment of Congress, toreards the se dement of any of the numerous claims of our citizens aga net theiSpauish G.tvernment. Besides; the outrage committed on our fla,r by the Spanish war frigate Ferrolaaa on the high .seas, off the coast of Cuba, in March, 185), by firing into the American mail steamer El Dorado, and de flirting and searching her, remains unacenowledged and unre iressed. The getter 1 tone and temper of the Spanish Governm , nt towatds that of the United States are much to be regretted. Our present Ens oy Extraordinary and Minister Plentuotent ary to Madri t has asked to be recalled ; and it is my purpose to sent out a new Minister to Spain b with special in structions'on all questions pendin r between the two governments, aid with a de: ermlnation to have them speeiflly and amicably adjusted, if this be possible. In the mean ime, whenever our Minister urges the just claim of our citizens on the notice of the Spanish Govern ment, he is met with the o , jection that Congress h .ve never made the approariat on recommended by President Po kin his annual mes sage of Deem' er, 1847 " to be paid to the Spanish Government for the purpose of divribution among the claiman sin the Amistad case." A similcr recommendat on was made by my immediate predecessor in his message of December, 1853; and eat rely concurring with both in the opinion that this indemnly is justly due u icier the treaty with Spain of the 27th October, 1725, I earnestly recommend such an ap propriation to the favourable consideration of Congress. THEATY WITH PERSIL. A treaty of friendship and commerce 'was concluded at Constan tinople on the 13t't December, 1856, tetween the United States and Persia, the ratiscations of which were exchanged at Constantinople on the 13th J.tne, 1857, and the treaty w proalaimed by the Fra-i dent on the 'Bth August, 1857. The treaty it is believed, will prove benefic al to Xinet !can commerce. The Shah has mantle ted an earnest disposition to cultivate friendly relation, with our country, nd has expressed a strong wish that we should he repr tinted at Teheran by a minister plenipotentiary ; and I recommend that an appropriation be made for this piarpose. OUR RICLATION3 WITH CHINA Recent Occurrences in China have been nof .vourable to a revision of the treaty with that empire of the 3rd July, 1844; with a view to the security and extension of our commerce. The tweni-fourth article of this treaty. .stipulated for a revision of it, in c dte experience should y rova this to be requ.site ; "in which case the t o govern ments w.11,.at the expiration of twelve y=ears from the date of raid convention, trlat amicably concerning the same, by means of saltab!e pets ns appointed to conduct such negotiations." These twelve years expired on the 3rd of July, 1856 ; but long More that period it was ascertained that imp° tent changes in the treaty was neces sary ; and several fruitless attempt s were made by the commissioner of the United States to ed'ect there chances Anether effort was about to be made for Cie same purpose by our Comm ssioner, in con junction with the Ministers of England wid France, but this was suspended by the occurrence of hostilities in the Canton river between G - eat Britain and the Chinese empire. These hostilities have necessarily interrupted the trade of all nations with Canton, which is now in a state of blockade, and have occasioned a serious loss of life and property. Meanwhile the insurrection within the empi e agalnet the existing imperial dynasty still cont'nues, and It is difficult to wilicipate what will be the result. Under these circumstances, I have deemed it advisable to appoint a eisliagaishee citizen of Pennsylvania envoy extraordinary - and minister plenip• tentiary to proceed to China, and to avail himself of any opportunities wh ch mat offer to eff.ct changes In the axis ing treaty favoara is to American commerce. He left. the United etabes for the place .of his destina'i n in July last, in the war steamer Minnesota. Sdeeial ministers to < bine have also been appointed by the governments , f Great Er,tain and Prance. Whilst o it minister has been ins' meted to oc.nupy a neutral position in - eferenre to the ex sting hostilities at Canton, he will c)r,lially co operate with the British and French ministers in all peaceful measures to se - ntre by treaty stipulations those Just cone ssions to commerce which the nations of the world have M right to expect, and which China cannot long be pein4t, dto withho d. From assurances received, 1 entertain no octant that the th ee ministers 1,11 act in harmonious c , ncert to obtain similar commercial treaties for each of the Powers they represent. BRAZIL AND NEW GRANADA. We cannot fail to feel a deep interest in all that concerns the welfare of the independent repnb:ics on our own continent, as well as of the empi , e of Brazl. Our difficulties with new Granada, which a short time sine bore so threatening an aspect, are, it is to be honed. in a fair train of settlement in a manner just and honourable to both parties. THE liTHNIUS ROUTES The isthmus of C .ntral America, including that of Panama, is the great highway be weer the Atlantic and Pacific, over which a large portion of the commerce of the world is nestlned to peas. The United States are more deeply intereited than any other nation in preserving the freedom and security of sll the communications across this isthmus. It is cur duty, therefire, to take care that they shall not be interrupted either by invasions trom oar own country or by wars between the indepervient States of Central America. Under our treaty with New Granada of the lath December, 1846. we are bound to guarantee the neutrality of the isthmus of Panama, through which the Panama railroad passes, " as well as the rights of sovereignty and property which New Granada has and possesses over the said territory." This obligation is founded upon equivalents granted by the treaty to the government and people of the United States. Under these circumitancer I recommend to Congress the passage of an act authorising the P estd nt, in case of rine , •sity, to employ the land and naval forces of the United Stages to carry into effect this guarantee of neutrality and protection. I also recommend simil , r 1 g s ation for the security of any other route acr.ss the isthmus in wa:ch we may acquire an interest by treaty. ith the indepe..dent rep rblics on this c 6 ittnent it ie both our duty ant our interest to cultivate the meat friendly relations, We can never feel indifferent to their fate, and must always rejoice in their prosper tv. Unfortuna'ely, Loth for them aad fur us, our example and advice have lost mach of their influence in consequence of the lawless expeditions which have been fitted out against some of them within the limits of our country Nothing is better calculated to retard our st?ady material progre s, or impair our charaxer es a nation, than the toleration of such enterprises in violation of the law of nations. TOE FILIBUSTERING EXPEDITIONS. It is one of th- first and highest duties of any independent-State, in its relations with the members of tll3 great family of nations, to reitra n its people from acts of booth., aggression against their citize ,s or subjects. The most eminent writers on public law do not hesitate to denounce such hosti e was as robbery and murder. Weak and feet le Stares, like those of Centel America, may rat feel thecesolves ablo to assert and vindicate their rights. Tee ca would be far different if expeditions were set on foot within our 'own territories to make nrivate war against a powerfut,nation, If such expeditions were fitted out from abrAtd against aIY portion of our own corer try, to burn down our c ties, mnr ter and plunder our people, and usurp our government, we should call any power on earth to the strictest account for not preventing such enormities. Ever since the administration of General Washington acts of Congr, s , have b, en in for, e to wash .severely the crime of setting on foot a military expeditioa within the limits of the United States to proceed from thence against a nition 'or stare with whom we are at peace. Tho present neutrality act of April 20, 1818, is but little more than a coi l -.aim of p - 0- existing laws. Under this act the President is empowered to employ .he land and nava fo.ces and the militia " for the purpose o preventing the carrying on of any such expe dition or ent , rprise from the territories en t jurisdiction of the United States," an i the collectors of 'customs are authorised and required to det,in any vessel in port when there is to reason to believe she is about to take part in such lawless enterprises. When it was first rendered probable that an attempt would be made to get np another unlawful expedition against Nicaragua. the Secre tary of State issued instructions to the m r.hals and district attorneys, which were di e.hd by the' Secretaries of War and the Navy to the appropriate army and n• vy officers, requ ring t em t 3 be 'Vigilant, and to use their best orations in carryiag into effect the i rov:stme of the act of 1818. Notwithstanding these precautions, the expedition has escaped from cur snores. Such enterprises c do no possible good to the country, but have already inflicted much injury both on its interests and its character. They have prevented lieace ni emigration from the United States to t:e States of Cen ral Arne , Ica, wh e 5 could not ad to prove highly beneficial to all the parties concerned. In a pecuniary point:ot view alone, eur citizens have sustained heavy losses from the reizure and closing of th r transit route by the San Juan between the two oceans. The leader of the recent expedition was [arrested at New Crleans, but was iselargt don giving bail for his appearance in the insufficient sum of 2,00) dollars. I commend th whole E übj eat to the f erious attention of Congress, believi, gth tour duty and our interest, as well as our national clpoacte , require that we thou'd adopt such measures as will be effectual in restraining our citizens from committing such outrages. THE TREATY WITH PARAGUAY—SATISFACTION TO BB DEMANDED. I regret to inftrm you that the President of Paraguay has refused to ratify th, treaty between the United States and that State as amend sd by the Senate, the t ignature of welch was mentioned in the message of my predecessor to Congress at the opening of its Session UTAH TERRITORY—THE 'lOlOll3/ WAR. in December, 1833 The;reasent assigned for this refusal will appear A territorial government was established for Utah by act of Con . lathe corropendente herewith submitted. grass approved the 9th of September, 1/359, and the constitution and It being desirable to ascertain the fitness of the river La PL-ta and laws of the United States were thereby extended over it "so far as its tributaries for narig.t en by steam, the United states steamer the same, or any provisions thereof, may be applicable. This act Water Wi cii was sent thither for that t urpose in 1853. This enter- py ,vided fst. the aprointrnent by the President, by ant with the p.ists was success - tiny carried on u:.til Feruary,' 1a55, whoa, whilst I adv es t.nd consent of the Senate, of a inv. rnor, who was to he ex in the pe ,ceful prosecution of her voyage 'up toe Parana river, the cfficio Supe,intendent,of Indian Affairs. a Sozretary, three Judges of stramar was fired upon by a Paraguayan f . rt- f he fire was returned, the Supreme Court, a Mai abet, and a District Attorney. Subsequent bet as the Water bi itch was of small force, anti no: designed fcr offer,- acts provided for the appointment of the offl-tars necessary to extend sire operatic, s, she retired !rem the conflict. • The pretext upon which i our land and our Indian system Mr the te . &tarp. Brigham Young tee stack was made viag a decree of the Prestd , nt of Paraguay. pf I was appointed the first governor on the slab Sept., 1553, and has held Oc rib r, 1851, prohibiting foreign NelEela of war from navigating the the; office ever since. Whilst Gcvernor Young has bear, bothGarerror rivers of that State. As Paraguay, however, was the owner of - but and Sure. in nteent of Indian Affairs throughout this period, he has ore bank of the river o° that name, tne other belonging to Corriente been at the ame time the head of the church railed the Latter Day state of the Argentine Conf&eratian, the r ght of its government to Saints, and professes to govern its members and dispose of their expect that such dwrecwonld be obeyed cannot be tv.knowledgel. property try di ect inspiration and authority from the Almighty,. His But the Wat4r Witch was not, properly speaking, aye .sel of war. She power lies been, the efore, uhio etc in Church and State. 4faiLlC small' stea ner enghget Is a scientific enterprise intended for the The peseta of Utah a'mast exclusively belong to this church, and "advantage oomme , 610. states generally, Ur. der these circumstances, i believing with a fanatical spirit that he is Go ..ernar of the Territory lam caus!rained to consider the attack upon her as unjustifiable, and by Divine ap . ,Ointuont, they o'.,ey his commands as if they were es ceiling for satisfactioa il:am the Parakaayan gove:nm n'. direct re rlations from Heaven. If, therefore, he choses that his Citizens of the United States, also, who wore established in business - government shall come 'into cohlis'on with the g.:verzatuent of the ABROGLTI al OF Tit 3 CLAYTON•BtILM TREATY RECOIOIMBD lin Paraguay, have had their property seised and taken from tkem,anri United States, the members of the Mormon church will yield implicit the fact is that when two nations like Great BritiOn and the have otherwise been treated tby the anthotitles in an lase ting and • obedience to his w,ll. Unfortunately, existing facts leave but little United States, mutually desirous, as thee are, and I trust ever may arbitrary manner, which requires red r ess, doubt, that such is his datermlnation. W thout entering upon a he. of maintaining the most friendly felstl'os with each other, have A demand for the s e purposes wit be made in a firm but conciliatory ruinate history of occurrences, it is sufficient to say that all the unfortunately concluded a treaty which they Unslerstuni in senses spirit. This wall the mere prgbahly be granted if the Meagre 8 12 / 11 , Officers oftl•Q United noes, Ittdictet And liiiteutiee, with the State This proposition was, of course. rejected. A:ter the Senat3 rafitsed 0 recognise the British convent'ol with H . ndaras of the 27th Aug, 1556, with full knowledge of its contents it was i'rp3ssible for me, necessarily ignorant of "the provisions and conditionsl which migh% be containei in a future conyptionpetWeen the same parties, to sanction them in advance. territory and there n o l onger exception of two Indian a gents, hi:ve found it neces.ary for their own personal Beet) , to withdraw (.nom the ."rrt rents ns any govern men t i n Ut a h b u t . the despotism of B r i z h aus Young. I his being the condition' of off , i , in the territ :ry, I could not mistake the path o f d uty. A s c hi e f exect2 .49 e magisf ate, I was bound to resto •0 the supremacy of the constitutOn and laws wi h n its limits. In order t o r ff e• t t hi s pur p ose, I a pp o i n t s `new gore r or and other federal officers in Utah, and vent with them a u: s i-litsrY force for V.eir rotection, and to aid as a rase cOntitafus, in case of need, in the execution cf • he la-es. With the religious opinions of the Mormons, as long as the!' remained mare opnlorls however deplorab a in themselves and revolt ' in to the moral and religious aentim-nts of all christend m, I hid no right to istetfera. Actions alone, when in violation o the con siitutiin and laws of the tinted t taloa, became the I -gitimate subjects f , r the j ttrisdiction of he ci v:1 ma aist rate. 34 y instructions to Governor Cumming hare thefefo'e been tramed in strict =cordon:6 1,1 h these prizrciples. At their data a I ope eras indulged that no necessity might , exist ior employing the milita y in restoring and maintaloing the *Mho - My of ihe law; hut this hope kas now vantsbed. Governor Young has, by proclamation, declared kis determinuti pi to maintain his power by force, and fits already committed acts of hostility against the United Stales. Unless he'shonld retrace his steps, the Territory of Utah will be in a state of open rebellion. Ho has eorrnitt-d there acts of open hostility, notwithstanding Major 'f an Viler, au officer of the army, sent to Utah by the commanding General tit purchase provisions fair the troops. had given him the strongest stow:trances of the peacefa! Intentions of Vie government. and teat the troops would only be employed as a posse e)rnifaftts when called on by the civil authority to aid in the execution of the laws. There is no meson to believe that Gov. Young has long con'em plated this result. Ile knowi that the continuance of his despotic power depends upon the exclusion of ell settlers f-om the territor: except those who wit acknowledge hie divine mission, and implicitly obey his will ; and that an enlightenel public opielen there, wcnid soon prostrate institutions ct wsr with tht'laws . both of God and man. He has therefore for several years, in order to meintien his i depen dence, been industricnnly employed in collecting and fabricating arms and munitions of war,-and in ei-ciplinistr the Mormon- for milt try ■,rvice. As superinten fent of Indian sfflite he h s had an epp Vanity of tampering with he Indian trfees, mad exeltine their hostift feelings against the United States. This: a carding to our inf sees tien, he has accomelishei in regard to come of these tribes. while others have remained true to their al:cgiance, and have commun'cated his intrignes to our Ind an agents. He has Paid in a store of Provieion.i for three years, which in cone of esecessi v, as he inf rmed Major Van Vliet, he will conceal, " and then tike to the mountains, . end bid defiance to all the powers of tee ov:irnment." g eat part of all this in , y Le idle basting; but yet no wise government will lightly estimate the efforts which may be in-pired by such phrensied fanaticism as exists among the Mormons in Utah This is the first robe, ion which has existed ee cur rriteries ; and humanity itself requires that we choral I put it down in such a mann: r that it sha Ibe the last. To trifle with it would be to encourege it and to render it formidaele We ought to go there w th - such an imi owing force as to cinv , .n-e thes3 "eluded people that resistance eoeld be vain, and thus spare the effusion of blood. We can in t , is mann-r best convince !hem that w' re their friends, not their enem-es In order to accemplish this obj3ct it will be necessary, according to the e4imate of the ••var Department, to raise four additional regiments; and ibis I earnestly recommend to Congress. At the present moment of depression in the revenues of the coentry I am sorry to be obliged to recommend such a measure; but I feel confident of the support of Congress,_ test what it may, in suppressing the insurrection and in restoring and maintei iing the sovereignty of the constitutioa and laws in the 1 erritory of Utah. Ihave authority to use other melna..in the event of a refusal. This is azcordingly recommended. THIS KANEAq aJ'ESTIoN. It is unnecessary to state in deta I th 9 alarming condition of the Territory of Kansas at the time of my - in augureion. 'the opposing parties then stood in hostile array agt% inst ea ,h other, sn i any accident might nava relighted the flames iof civil war. resides. at this critical mome-it. Kansas was left without a governor, by the resignation of Governer Geary. On the 19th of February previous, the Territorial Legislatu-e had passed a law roviding for the elecion of delegates on the third Monday of Jane to a conven lon to meet on the first M inday of September, for the purpose of framing a constitution preparatory to admission into the Unioa. This law w sin the maLa fair and just; and it is to be regretted that al the qualified clowns had not regis tared the v selves and veted under its provisions. At the time of the election for delegates. an extensive organisation existed in the Territory, whose avowed object it was, if noel be, to pat down the lawful government ty force, and to estabi sh a government of the r own under the so calfed Topeka constitation. The persons attached to this revolationa-y organisation abstained from taking any part in the election. . _ The act of the Territorial L gislature had omitted to provide Li' submitting to the people the constitution w:iich might be framed by the Convention ; and in the excited state of public feeling throngh oat Kansas an apprehension extensively revailed that a design ezisted to force upon them a constlutkn In r'lation to slavery against their will. In this emergency it bscame my duty, as it was my un questi,nable right, havinz in Le r, the union of all good citizens in support of the terri - orial laws, to express an opini n on the true construction of the provis'ons concerning silvery conta'ned in the or all.: act of Congress or tho 30. h May, 1854. Congress declared it to be " the true intent and meaning of this act not to legislate slavery into anylerritory orst,te, nor to exclude it therefrom, but to leave the people thereof perfec ly free to form and regulate the r domestic institutions in their own way." Under it Kansas, "when admitted as a state," was to " be received into the union, with or without s'avery.as that constitution may prercribe at the time of their admisason. ' Did Congress mean by this language that the delegs'es elected ttr frame a constitution should have authority finally to decide the question of slavery, or did they intend, by leaving it to the people, that the people of Kansas themse ves should decide this question by a direct vote? On this subject I confess I had never en ertained a serious doubt, and theref re, in my +nstruc ions to Given-a!' Walker on the 28th March ast, I merely said that wh• n" a constitution shall be submitted to t-te people of the territory, they must be protected in the exercise of their right of voting fir or agalns.t that instrament, and the fair expression of the po t ular will must nut be interrupte4 by fraud or viol• nee." In expressing this opinion, it was far from my intention to interfere with the decis'on of the people of Kansas e vier f r or against slavery. From , this I have always carefully abNtai ed. Entrusted with the duty of "taking care that the limos be fa•thfully rx-cuted," my on'y desire was that the people of lian.as should furnish to Congress the evlience repire i by the orgao'c act, whether for cr against slsve:y, and in this manner smooth their pass ige into the Union. la emerging from the condition of territori 1 dependence into that of a sovereign st ve, it was their duty, in my opinion, to makakeown titer will by toe votes of the majorit n the direct question whcthcr this important domestic institution should or should, not contiaue to exist. Indeed, this was the only possible mode in which their will could authentically ascertained. The election of delogres to a Convention must necessarily take place in separate districts. From this cacao ,it may readily happen, as has often been the case, that a majority of the peopie of a rate or territory are on one side of a tilleStiOn, whilst a majority of the representatives from the several districts into which it is divided, may be upon the other side. This arises from the fact tha' in some diat:•icts delez,ates may be elects:l by ema•l niaj whilst in others those of different sentiments mry receive majorities sofficien , ly great not only to overcome the votes given for the farmer but - to leave a large majority of the whole peop'e in direct opposition to a majisrity of the delegates. Betides, our history proves that inft ences may be brought to bear on:the repress , tative sufficiently powerful to induce him to disregard the will of his cons' ituents. The truth is, that no other authentic and satisfactory mode exists of ascertaining the will or a majority of the pitoplt of any state or territory, on au Important and exciting question, like that of slavery in Kansas, except by leaving it to a direct vote. - How wise: then, was it for Congress to pAss over all subordinate and intermediate agent es. and :proceed directly t s the source of a'l legitimate power under o u in titntions. How vain would any other principle prove in nraeice. This may be illtperatad by the ease of Kansas. should she be admitted into tie Union, wita a constitution either maintaining or abolishing slay. ry. against the sentiment of the people, this could have no other -ffect than to continue and to exasperete the existing agitatien during tit- brief period required to make the constitution confirm to the irrisistable will of,the meet ity. • • The friends and sueporters of the Nebraska and Kane as act, when struggling on a recent occasion to sustain its wise provisions before the great tribunal of the American people, never differed about its true.meaning on this subject. Everywhere throughout the Union they publicly pledged their faith and their honour that they would cl eerfuliy submit the quest:on of slavery to the decision of the bona fide peoele of Kansas, without any restriction or qualification whatever. All were cordially united upon the great doctrine of wieder sovereignty, which is the vital principle of owe free testi utions. Had it been insin sated from any quarter that it would be a sufficient compliance with the requisitions of the organic law for the members of a convention, thereafter to be elected, to withhold the question of slavery from the people, and to substitute their own willyor that of a legally ascertained majority of a 1 their constitu ents, this would have bsen instantly rejected. Everywhere they rot:peeled true to the resolution adopted on a celebrated °cession reeognising " the right of the people of all the territories—incladi g Kansas and Nebraska—acting,ttirough the legally and fairly ex pressed will of a majority of a iteal resideet , and whenever the number or their inhabitants justifies ft,' to form a constitution, with or witeout slavery, and be admitted into the Union upon terms of perfeet equality with the other States " The Convention to f:ame a constitution for Kansa+ met on the first Monday of September last. They were celled together be virtue of se act of the Territorial Legislature, whose lawful existence had been recognized by Congress in different forms and by d ff 'teat enactments. A large propertied' of the citizens of Kansas did not think proper to register their names and to vote at the election for de egates ; bur an opportunity to do this having been fairly afforded, their refusal to aysil themselves of their right could in no manner affect tee egality of the Convention. . . 1 his convention proceeded to frame a constitution for Kansas. and finally adjourned on the 7th day of November. But little diflicuity occurred in the convention, except on the subject of slavery. Thu truth in that the eeneral prov.siens of our recent State constitutions are so similar—and, I may add, so excellent—that the difference between them is not essential. Under the earlier practice of the government, no constitution fram d be th • convention of a Territory preparatory to its adm:ssion into the Union an a State had been sub mittici to the people. I trust, howe tee the exempt, set by the last Congress. requiring that the constitution of Minnesota '• should be subject to the approval and ratification of the people of the proeosee State." may be follower! on fature occasions. I toot it 'or vented that the convention of Kansas would ate in eccorea• ce with. this example, founded, as it is, on correct pri ciple i; and Fence my instructions to Governor Walker, in favour of submitting the consti tution to the I eaple, we e expressed in general and titiqUa ified terms. In elite Kansas Nebraska act, however, this reweiremeat, as appli cable to tee whole constitution, had not ber n inserted, and the con vention were not bound by its terms to submit any other portion of the instrument to an election, except that which refutes to the" domestic institution" of slavery. This will to tendered Otter by a simp'e reference to its language. It was " net to legislate slavery into any Tt rritory or State, no to exclude it therterom, b .t to leave the people thereof perfectly free to form and regu ate their domestic institutions in their own way." According to the plain coustruction of the sentence, the words" domestic institutions" haee a direct as they have an appropriate reference to slavery. "Domestic [este utions" are limited to the family. Toe relation between master and slave and a few others are " domestic institutions," and are anti ely distinct from institutions of a political character. Besides, there was no question then before Congress, nor indeed has there since been any serio ss question before the people of Kansas or the country, except that which relates to the" domestic institution" of slavery. The C invention, :dice an angry and excited deeate, finally deter mined, by a majority of only two, to submit the qu rstion of slavery to the people, though Lt the last forty-three of the fifty delegates present atiixed their signatnres to the constitution. A large majority of the Convention were in favour of establishing slavery in Kansas. They accor• ingly inserted an article in the con stitution for this purpose similar in form to those which had been adopted by other Territorial Conventions. In the schedule, however, providing for the transition from a Territorial to a State government, the question has been fairly and explicitly ree rred to the peep e, wise her they will have a c institution "with or without slavery." It deviates that, before theconstitutioa adopted by the Cony: ntion "shall be tent to Congress for admission into the Union as a etate, an el ction shall beheld to decide this question, at which all the white male inhabitants of the Territory above the age of twenty one are entitled to vote. They are to vote by ballot ; and the led ots cast at said election shall be endorsed constitution with slavery,' end' con stitution with no slavery. ' " If there be a majority in favour of the " constitution with alaray," then it is to he transmitted to Cenerest by the President of the t onventien in its erigizal form. If, on the contrary, there shall be a majority in favour of the " co stitntton with no slavery," then the article providi ig for storey shall be stricken from the constitution by the President of thin Cenvent on ;" and it is express'y ileciared th it " no slavery shall exist in the State of Kansas, except that the right of property in slaves now in the Territory shall in so manner be interfered with," and in that event it is made his duty t t have the constitution thus ratified t•ansmi ted to the Congress of the United States f.r the t.dmiss on of the State tato the Union. Atehis election every citizen will have an opportunity of expressing his opinion ty his vote, wh - ther Kansas shall bs received into the Union with or without slavery," and thus tkls exciting queston may be peacerully settled in the very mole required by the urg nic law. The election will be held under leeitimate authority, and if any portion of the inhabitants shall refuse to vote, a fair opportunity to do so having been p.esetred, this will be their own voluntacy act, and they alone wilt be resp usable for t e con equences. Whether Kansas shall be a free or a slava state, must eventualy, under some an hority, be decided by an electio ; and the quo tion can never be more clearly or distinctly present:el to the people than it is at th • present moment . . Should th.s opportunity be rejected, she may be invoiced for years in domestic discoed, and p issibly in civil war, befo e the can again make up the issue now so fortunately tendered, and again reach the point the has already attained. Kansas has tor some years occupied too mach cf thepnblie attention. It is high thee this shou'd be de e.oted to frr more important o. jeers. When once admitt d into the union, whether wi h or without slavery, the excitement beyond her own limits wit speed' y pass away, and she will thin for the first time be left, as she ought to have been long since, to manage her own affairs in her own way. if her con stitution on t, e subject of elavery or on any other ent ject, be displeasing to a majority of the peopie, no human power can prevent them from changing it within a brief period. Under these circum• stances, it m ry well be guer.tionedwhethtlittlie peace an., gliet of the whole country are not of greater importance than the mere t mpora'y triumph of either of the potitical parties in Kansas. Should the constitution without slavery be adopted by the votes of the majority, the rights of property in slaves now in the Territory are reserved. The number of these is very mai ; but if it were gre iter the provision would be equally just and reasonah'e. These slaves were brought into the Territory under the constitution of the •United S etas, and are now the property of their masters. This poin' has at leng.h been finally decided by the hiiirestjadicial tribunal ..f the coun try—and this upon the plain principle that when a confederacy of sovere gn etates acquire a new t rritory at their inlet expo se, both equality and justice demand that the citizens of one and alt of them shall have the right to take into it whatsoeve, is recognised as property by the common constitution. To have summarily "corlscated t , .e property rn slaves already in the Territory, wnrid have been an act ce gross injustice ' and contr ry to the practice of the older S.ates of the have Union which abolished slavery. NEW TERRIrORY OP ARIZONA. I recommend to Congress the establ shmeat of a Teiritor'al govern ment over Arizona, incorpor _Ling with it each port tins of ivew Mexico as trey may deem expedien% We are bouts.' to protect the lives and the property of our citizens inhabiting Arizona, and t • are now with !nil any efficient pr itection. Their pre •ent number is al eady considerable, and is ra a Hy increas ng, notwithstanding the disad vantages under which they labour. Besides, the proposed 'Territory i< telved to be rich in mineral end actricul ural resources especial y in silvnr and copper. lhe malls of the United Sates to Ca ifornia are now carried over it throtn4hont its whole extent, and this route is known to be the nea.eit, and believed to be the best, to the Paclfic. THE PACIFIC RAILROAD. Long experience kits deco' y convinced me that a strict ennesruc' ion of she powers granted to Co•tgreso is the only true, as welt as the only 'Ere, theory of she constitntion. Whilst this principle shall guide my public conduct, I consid r it c ear that ander the war- Making pemer Congress may appr ipriate money for she coustrxction of a =Mary rod through the ter. itories of the United States, when this is absolutely necessary far he defence of any of the Scat s against foreign invasion. The constitution has (lief eered upon Congress power " to declare war." " to raise and support armies," " to provide and maintain awavy," an t to c ol forth the militia to "repel inva sions." 'these high sovereign powers necessarily involve important and respo sible public dudes, and among them there is Hone so sacred and sit imperative as that of ore-erving our soil from the is tea ti in of a foreign eneit.y. Tao constitution has, therefore, left nothing on this point to constru -lion, but expressly requires that "the (Tatted states she 1 protect each of them (she States), against invasion " Now, if a mlitary road over oar own ter ritoris be ind spensab'y necessar / to enable us to meet ald rep I the invader, it follows as a ne,essary quenee not only that we possess the power, but it is our• im ps rative duty to construct sock a road. It would be an absurdity to invest a government with the un imite pow , r to make and conduct war, and at the same time deny it to the only ire ne cf reaching and defeating the enemy at th, frontier. Without such a r ad it in quite evident we cannot "protect" California and our Peelle possessions •• against invasion." We cannot by any other mesns transport men and mu , itiAis of war fi om the Atlantic Sta es in sufficient time seicsessiul y to defend these remote and diitast portions of the republic. Experience has proved that the route across the Isthmus of Central America are kt best but a very uncertain and unreliable mo o of communicadon. But even if this were not the case, tt ey wsnald at once be clos"d aestinst us in the event t f war with a naval power so much stronger that; our own as to enable it to blockade the ports at either end of these ron es. After all, therefore, we can only rely upon a military r Aid t..rottek our own Territories; ml even eh ca the origin of the government Congress has been in the practice of approuriati,g money from the public Treasury for the construction of such roads, • The Jiffictilr es and the expense of constructing a military railroad to connect our Atla , tic and Pacific sta es have een gr ,atTexagge rated. The ).istance on the Arizona route near the 32nd par Met of north latitude, be wean the western boondary of Texas on the Rio Grande and the eastern boundary of Califo' nia on the Colorado. from the best tip! nations now within our knowledge, does not exceed 470 miles, and the face of the country Is, in the main, favourable. For obvious reasons the government aught not to undertake the work itself by means of its own agents. This ouglt to he comm tted to other agmeiss, which Cologne-a might assist either by grants of lend or money, or by both, uron such terms and conditions as thoy may deem most ben finial for the count, y. Provision might thus be made not only f. r the safe, rapid, and c,onomical transportation of troopsrend munitions of war, but also of the puhl e mai s. The com mercial interests of the who :e country, both east and west, would he greatly promoted by such a road, and above all it would be a powerful additional bond of union. And &thong advan' ages of this kind, whe her postal, cemmei cial, or political, cannot confer constitutional power, yet they may furt.ish auxiliary a. geonents in favour of expe diting a work which, in my, judgment, is clea:ly embraced within the war maki g power. For these rca ons I commend to the friendly consideration of Con gress the subject of the Pacific railro ,d, without finally committing my szlf to any articular route. THE FIN...NCI'S OF THE GOVERNMENT. The report of ihe Secretary of the Treasury will furnish a detailel star• ment of the cund tion of the public mane. s and of the respective branches of the public service devolved upon that department of the government. icy this report i. appears that the amount.of revenue received from all sources iuto the Treasury daring the fiscal year ending the 3 ith June 18 , 7, w-s sixty eit;ht million six hundred and thirty-one thousand five hundred trnd t irteen dollars and sixty-seven cents. (68,t 31,51 dollars 67c.) which amount, with the balance of nineteen millin nine hundred and one thousand three huudre and twenty-five dollars and lorry-five cent, (19,9)1,345 dollars 43c ), remaining in the Treasury at the c mmencement of the year, made au aggregate for the service of the year of eighty eight ruilito a five hundred and thirty-two thonsir_el eig 't hundred a❑d thirty-nine dollars and twelve cents, (88,5 , .2.8397011ars 12c.) The public ex .enstitarls for tue fiscal year ending 3)th June, 1837, amounted to sever ty miiiion eight huud. ed and twenty-two thousand seven and twenty-foar dollars and eighty-five cents (7,/,822,724 dols 85c) of which five millions r ins hundred and forty-th ee thousand eight luindred ant ni❑ety-six dollars and ninet -one; cents (5,943,896 dols 91c) were a;,plied Vs the redemption of the public debt, including in terest ant premium, leaving in the treasury at the commencement of th, present fisc si year on the Ist July, 1857, seventeen mil ions seven hundred and tot thousand, ono hundred and fourteen dollars and twenty-seven cents (17 710,114 dots 27c). _ _ _ . The receipts into t e tr2asury for the first quarter of the present fisca, ye sr, commencing Ist July, 1857, were twenty million nine hun dred and twenty-nn e thoussud eight hundred and nineteen d .11ars and eighty une cents (20,929,819 doh 81c), and the estim ted recepts of the remaining three quarters to the sorb Jane, 1855, are thirty-six million seven hundred and fitly thousand dolirs (36,750,000 dole), making with the tralanee before stated an aggregate of seventy rive million three hundred and eighty-nine thou and nine hundred and thirty-four dol.ars and eight cents (75,34 ; 944 dole Sc) for the service of the "'resent fiscal year. Tim actual ,xprnditure during the first quarter of the present fiscal ye-r were twenty-three millions seven hundred and fourteen thousand fivrs hundred rrnd twenty-eight dollars and thirty-seven cents (23 714528 dale 37c), of wnich three million eight hundred and ninety-five t h,usand two hundred and that -two dollars and thirti nine cents (3 895,232 doh. 390) were applied to the redemption of the public debt. Ircleding interest and premium. The pro)able exce rditure of the remaining three quarters, to Seth June, 1858, are duty-one millions. tau hundred and forty-eight thousand five hundred and thirty dol'ars and four cents (51,243,530 dole. 4c , including interest on the pub is debt, making an aggregate of seventy-four tailli,ns nine hundred and sixty-tares thousand fifty eight del are and forty-one (eats (7063,058 dots 41c). le..svi g an es im iteu balance in the treasury at the close of the pi esent Meal year of four hundred and twenty-six thousand eight hundred and seventy. five dollars and sixty-seven cents (426,875- dole Ole). • The amount of the public debt at the commencement of the present fiscal year was twenty nine tullions sixty thousand three hundred and eighty-six dollars end ninety cents (29,060,386 dols. 90e). '1 he amount redeemed since the Ist of July was three million eight hundred and ninety-fire thousand two hundred and thirty-two dollars and thirty-nine cents (3,89x,323,32 doll )—leaving a balance unredeemed :t this time of twenty-five million one hurrthe 1 and slxt,• ti , e thou , and one hundred and fifty-four dollars and fifty-one cents (25,16-),154 dela 51e.) ISSUE OE TEEAS.URY NOTES RECOMMESDED. The amount of estimated expenditurss for the remaini , g three quart srs of the present fiscal year will, in all probability. be Licretsed rrom the clines set forth in the report of the secretary, His bugges tion, therefore, that antrority should b:s. given to supply any tempor ary deflieiency by the issue of a li:nited amount of treasury:A nes, is approved, and I accorcingly recommend the passage of such a law. VIZ TARIFF. As statedin the retort of the Secretary, the tariff at March 3, 1857, has Weil in operation so :hurt a p .11 id of time, end under circum stances so nufavourabie to a just dev:lopemint of its results as a revenue, measure, that I should iega•d it as inexpedient, at least for the present, to undertake is revision. I transmit herewith the rap WS male to mo by the slecretarles of War and if the Navy, oF tie Interior and of the Postmaster-Geneval. They all. contain va uab'e and .m portant intormation and sudgessions, which I commeLd to the favourable consideration of Congress. INCREASE OF THE ' I have alre dy recommended the raising of four additional regi m.lits, and the report oi th 3 liecre;a7 of War presents strong ressms proving this increase of the army, under existing circumstances, to be indispensatl3. • INCREASB OF Tali NAVY. I would call the sp3c.al attention of Cong ess to. the, recommen dation of the Secretary 01 the Navy to favour of the construction of ten small war steatners of light draught. For some yearathe govern ment has been obliged, on rimy cece,ions, to hire suchstearaers from iudiviluals to supply its pressing vents. At the present moment Ivo have no armed vessel in the navy which can penetrate the rivers of Chins, We have but a few whtet can enterso9 of the harhoura south of N,rfa:k, although many millicms of foreigu and domestic. eom.nerce annually t ass in and ont of these harbours, Some of our most valnablo interests and moat vulnerable points are thus left exposed. This cla s of vessels of light draught, great speed, and heavy gins would be formidable in coast derenr.e. The cost of their construction wilt not he great, aiid th y will require but a comparatively small expenditure to keep them in commission. In time of peace they will prove as effecti•e as much larger vess_is, and often more useful. One of theta sh uld b 3 at every cation where we maintain a squadron, and three or four sh uld be constantly employed on our Atl ant i c ai d Pacific coasts. Eernomy, utility, ani eft' :iency combi .te to re outmend them as almost indispensable. Ten of these small vessels 'Mild be of inca'cu able advantage to the naval service, and the whale cost of their constru:ti .n wou'd not exceed ta o mil ion ttiree hundred. thousand dollars, or 230,000 dolv. each. The r eport of the Secretary of the Interior i, worthy of gravU_ eonstlereuell. treats Of the numerous, inapertaet, tad, diveratka Lranches of dour stic adminisir.tion ettrusted to him hi NV; mong these the mcst prcminent hre the pubic lands and our relations with the Indians TIiB PUBLIC lA*DS. Our syst'm for the dine's! of the lands, oeginatithr with the( fa!h?rs of the re?nblic, has been imp-ovrd as exper en ce pointed the wiy and cradually ad tote to the .g owth and sett'ement of our western States and ter.itorles. It has worked wril in practice. A'rea iy thirteen states and seven territories have ben e :rued o t of I hes. lands, and still m r, than a thousand millions or acres remain :Insold. What a boundless prospee: this presents to oarcountry of tazta.re prosperity* and power ! W O have h retofore disposed of 34-3.8,52,•64 acres of the public lan d. - Whilst the r iic lands as a senree of revenue are of great imw Po - tince, their iazzaortan:e is far greater as fcroishinz homes for a heedy and inclepens:Zat race of hones: and industrious citizens who desire to sublue aid cultivate th' soil. Tt.ry ought to bef a rctri*erel main y with. a view of promtting this wise and be nevolent policy. 1-s appropriatin: them for any other purpose we ought to use even grrater economy than if they had been con venal Moto money and the proce , ds were a'rea , ly in the pullEd" treasury. To squander awl, the richest anti Aohlest inheirance tO3lOl an people have ever enjoyed upon objects' of donbtfuP constituttooality or expediency, would be to violate cn2 ef - the most npo: tent 'Musts ever committed to any people. Whilit I do not' deny to Congilbss the power, when , actin; bona fide' as a prOrietor,-.. to give away portions of them tor the purpose of increasaig the' value of the remainder, yet, considering the great ten ptation to' abuse this power, we cannot to, to csiti,ass in its exertiSs. Actual setth4S - under existing laws ere protected argai nst o th er purchasers at thTpublic sates, in their'right of Pro et:acto r ', t o the ' extent of a quarter Fettion, or 160 acres eflani. The remainder mar then be disposed Ora public or entered at private sale in unlimited cpanti•i s Speculation has of :Ate years prevailed :ay a' great ex ett in the; public leads. The consequence has been that large portionirof them,' have become the property of indiridnsls and companies, and thits price is greatly enhanced t s those who desi e tb purchase for actual" ;settlement. In order teilimit the area of spent:fatten as mei' as the extinction of the Indian title and the extension of the public surveys ought onry to keep pace with the tide of mi.- • gration. If Congress should hereatittr grant alternate r.cetiens to State or' companies, 113 they have done heretoro recut - nix:end that the intsr- ' mutate sszti,,ns retained by 'the Government shoutd be bu')jact to ' pre-empt on by actual settlers:. It melt ever to be our eardiaal pllley to r !serve the peblie as much at may Le for actual settlers, au I this at zr (Mar.:to prices. We shall thus not only best promota the prosperity of the new States and Territories, and the p,wer of the Union, but shareware homes tor out' posterity for many generatfons. To.R INDIAN TRIBES. The extension of our limits has , iwouglit within our - jurisdictlon • many additional and popaloui tribes of llid aus. a large proportion of which are wi'd, rsc'able, and dilLtu tt) control. FrSolatory and warlike in their disposition and habits, it is impassible altogether to ' restrain them from comm•ttiog aggraa ons on each other, as well as upon our frontier citizens and those einigrXinz to our olitant States ..n3 Territories. Hence expensive military expsdit.ons are frequently nec..ssary to overawe and chastis, the move law ess and hostile. The present system of maktng them vahiable presents to influence' them to remain at peace has proved inefftetual. It is b:lle7ed to be. the be,ter p licy to colon! a them in •suitable localit es, whet,: e they can recei , e therndifuents of (lineation as t be g adnally inticod to ed , pt habits of Indust. y. o far as the eapeeiment has been tried ' it has worked well an pqlctice, and it whi doub&ess prove to be less• • expens.ve , hen the present system. 'a he whole mimeor of iodtatts within nr territorial limits is ' believed to In, from the best data in the Interior Department, about 325,000. The bib:s of Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickcsass and Creeks, settled. in the ter, t ry F.et :Tart for them west of Atkinias, are r,,pid y advancing in education and b all the arts of civfiza , bn and. self government; and we may indulge the agrecab.e saticipati n that 'at - no very distant ay ttaey will be incorpo7ated into the Union as one of the sovereign Stot!s. TAI P )ST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. It will be seen from the rapo - t of the Pcnito. ster. General, that the Post Office derrtmeut still continue. to depend on the treasury, as it) has be..n compelled to do for several years ra,t. for an impor tant portion of the means of sustaining and estindirg it. operalons. Their r..pid growth and expansion are shown by a de. ennial state ment cf the number of p,st offices, and the length of post ro commencing with the year 1827. In that year thm'e were 7,000 post offices; in 1837, 11,17 i. in 1317, 15,146; and in 1157 .hey number 21,530. In this year i,725 pat officss have been csLablishod, an i 7u4 disc •ntinued, he ving a n.. 4 inc•e.se of 1,021. The postmasters of 3:1; offices are Appointed by the Picsiderit.• • The lengta of post roa•is in 1827 W:ks 105,336 -miles; in 1837. 141,242 miles; in 1847 153,818 miles; and in th- )ear 1857 there are 242,601 miles of post road, including 2 2530=11es of railroad, on whic.i the mails are transporter. The expenlitlirem of the department for the fiscal year ending on the 30th June, 1857 asadjusted by the Auditor, amount d .011, - .07,670 -!ols. To def,my these e tpenditu. es there was to rlit' credit of Lie departm9ni on the let July, 1856, t e sam of 789;50 doff; the gross revenue of the year. including the annual al mvancas for tlin trans. po ation of free mail matter, produced 8,053,951 dole; and the ,e -mainder was supplied by the ndpropri,t on, frnm the t 0.17 U y of 2 250,00 I d , Is grant.id by the act of Cmigr es approved Augnt 18, 1856, and by the appropriation of 666,883 dols mide bithe act of March 3, 1857, leaving 252,763 dots to be curried to the cred4 of the depart ment in the accounm of the currant year. Cco mend to your consideration the report of the department in relit:ion t) the establishment of the overland maill - routs from the Almsissipi river to Ban Francisco, California. The route ix as seleeted with my full concurrence as the one, in my judgment, best ca'calatea to attain the important objects contemplated by Congress, EX UNAVAGANCH IN LEGISL tTION. The late eisait one monetary revulsion may have oneleool effect should it cause both the government and the people to return to the practice c f a wis3 and jailicto,J eco nay bid!' in. public and private ex,:enditures. an overflowing treamry has led so it bibs of , prodigality and .xtravagance in our legislation. It ha; induced Conqiess to make laree appropriations to o jects for which they nova would have.. pre, vided had it b.-en necessary to raise the amooot of revenue rEqured fo met them by increase(' taxat:on or by loans. We are now com pelled to pause in our career, and to scrutinise our expenditures with the utmost vigilance; and in per:'ortning this duty, I pledge my (*- Operation to the extent of my coost tudonal competency._ It =Otto he o served at the same time that true public economy does not consist in witholding tie means necessary to I np,rtaut national objects en rusted to us Iv the consti ution, a d especii ly such as , va be neoes , ary for the comm in defeace. In the present crisis of the country it is our duty to- confine our appro priations to objects of this haractor, unless in area w. ere individuals may remand a different course. In all cases care ought to b 3 taken th it the money grant,' by Congre,s shall be faithfully -and econo mize:ly applied. THE VETO POWER.. Under 0 e federal constitution ev ry bill which shal have passed . the House o Repiesentativa and the Senate stall. before it becomes a law," be app oved and signi.d by the president'; and, if not approved, " he shall return it with his objections to that house in wsich it 0ri.51.- noted." In order to pe•-fortn this high and respone,ble, duty, sufficient time most be allowed the P.esi :eat to read and e camins every presented to him for approval. Unless tt.is be afforded, the coned utiiin bowel ea dea t letter is this particular; and even worm, it becomes a means of deception. our constituents seeing the Prost— dent's approval and signature attached to each act of Congress, sire. induced to believe that ho has ,ctually performed this duty, when, , is truth, nothing is, in no my cases, more antounded. Frost tha practice of Congress, such an examination of each bill as the constitution requires, has b.-ienfreedered impssisib e. The most imp•rrtant business of each sessein is generally crowded into ifb last hours, and the alt-inatiee presented- toi the President is either to violate tin • constitutional duty which he owes to the people and approve of bilis which, for want of time, it is impossible he should hare examined, or, by his refusal to do his, sur , jec.: the country and . individuals to gre , t loss end in onvenlence. Bea'des, a prat ice has grown ue of late years to legislate in appropriation bills at the last hours of the elession on new and important subjects. This practice esnstrains the President either to /suffer measures to become laws which he does net :•pprove, or to . incur the risk of sto wing the whe3ls of the government •by vutmg no appropriation bill. Forme.ly, such bills were confined to . specific appropriations fur carrying into eirect existieg laws and the" , well established policy of the country, ant lift e time was than required by the President for their examination. For my own part, I have deliberately determined that I shall approve no bill which I have not examined, and it will be a case Qt . extreme and urgent necessity which shall ever induce me to depart from, , this rule. I therefore respectfully-bat earnestly, recommend that the two houses would allow the President at least two days pravious.ttlit the adjournment of each session within • hich no new bill shall ,be presented to Woo for approval . Under the existing j 'lnt rule one day is allowed; but thi, ru e has been hitherto so ron.ta.ntly ens, ended in practice, that important bills continue to be presented to him up till. the very last moments of the session. In a large majority of cans no great public inconvenience can also from the want of, time to examine their provisions, because the coast tution has decared that if a bill b 3 presented to the Preaideat within the last t n days Qf the session he is not required to .retu. n it, either w th an approval or with a vote, "in which case it shall not be a law." It may then lie - over and be taken np and passed at the next session. Great incon venience would only be experienced in regard to aoproxiation bills ; but fortunately and r the late excellent law allowing a sa ary. instead , of a per diem. to members of Congress, the expense ant inconvenience of a called Benson vii be gr ally reduced. I cannot conc.ude without commending to your favourable con- _ sideration the interests of the; i eop eof this Distriet. Without a representatiie on the floor of Congress, they have for this very reason , peculiar claims upon our jut zegara. To this I knew, from my long, acquaintance with them, they are eminently entitled. Jam4a, Wastiingkon, Dec. 8. Ips, . AMUSEMENTS, &e. THZ AMPITHEXTRZ, This theatre opens to-night with atioquestrianwmi Num. whose progr i unme promises something more than csrdinarity attractive. IVlr.William Cooke, proprietor und.manager of Astle)'s renow.ned circus, is the director. of the company whose first performances takes place to-aighti, and from such a name the public may reascuably expect a gratAci:- don of no ordinary character. We understand thensagage tneuts of this company will not alto 4v of their stay in Liverpool for more than a very. brief -period. TIDE ItIOUSIL FAMILY AGAIN IN. Lusitroca.. This. charming family inetrutneatelis.a will be here again, next week, and another oppoetttnity will be afforded to the Liverpool public, cf havitag the small con cert-room in the St. George's-hall, put to its proper use in the performance of ohmsiber musie, to perfection, by children—for even the edest ia but a child, though one of the most - delightful violin players %VC have ever heard. Two concerts will be eiven on M:ortlay, at ba'f-past two► in the afte , :noon, anil_the other in the evening, at eight.. o'clock. We advise all lovers of manic to avail theme' hest of the opportunity of hisaring thesevronderfal I ittle playevs,.. for their performance is not only that of prodi,,ics bat really tine playirg and the cha m b er mus i c t h ey per f*rtfl' ranks among the, finest works of the several Pertc"W,l6, Miss Bensal wild, make her appearanLe as fvvcalist . "" 6 oc oasions. LEWES AND COMPANY' Naw ForABISSETNISTIT r0E....01es CLOTRIN(V—Iinmber of boys elOthad for the week ending Saturday, December 19th. 814; corrasponding week Net year, 4D4—increaso, 3"'4. IDFA TIt room Bonarro.—On Pride) afternoon a child, named Sk. , llv, two and a tialf ears oil, was left in a room in Beot-street, and its clo i dies having etught fire, he died in two hours afterwards trout tho injuriv. The parents of this child lest ar.ollitr, exactly tills time four years, ' by a like calamity, ROBBERY WI AN IRISH CATTLE-DEtLIR.— Oil ilativilay ' night, a cattle - -dealer named Monists Brophy, who resides in .Fleet-street, Dublin, after disposing of Ifs stock for the Christens market, and during the night hetwent into a whiskey cellar, where there were some females, who con trived to rob him of £9 c ,) in hard cash, The parties got away with the money, and has not eiEt24 !MU Wild of. lag .five jo oa t her L fog o\o, a the ,y a an taint nito a tion cone cent's t Ye t ? WO ,r lb ° otiOtz g oo, the t ivg told ke t t of r 0 00.