The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-10-20 00:00:00

Oh. joyfully dear is If we are but sure of a What do we re Though :one If we kno,a the When the Wel Oh. iov a Collection of Ballads, Songs, and other Poems, with 100 Illustrations on Wood, by Eng lish Artists. James Burns, 17, Portman-street, Lon don. _ _ Poems and Picture When some years ago our enterprising bibliopoles launched upon the world their Forget-me-Hots, Souvenirs, and other annuals, illustrated by the painters and graver's skill, and clad in all the adornment of decorative binding, it was said that srt and taste could do no more. They were the Bijouterie of Literature ; and many of the earlier numbers of the serits contaned gems of poetry and prose from well known hands, worthy of the rich caskets in which they were enclosed. But alas! painting and engrav ing, satin paper and gilt edges mil not for any length of time sell mediocrity. The Lord Williams and Lady Marys —the amateur literaries—found their way to the Editorial Bureaux, to the exclusion of genuine talent. Namby pamby strutted in fine feathers which genius had worn. But the mistake was discovered; and the Christmas an nuals of 12 or 15 years ago are a lost generation. They may now be picked up, denuded of their plates, at any old book stall for about a tenth of their publishing price. In the meantime, however, the enterprise of the pub lisher has taken a new, and we are much in error if we may not add a more useful direction—one equally calculated to encourage art, and which, whilst it may almost be said to make the long-forgotten strains of the olden time live again in our memories, when used to illustrate the fine ballad poetry of our language, is calculated to impart a deeper interest to our modern publications. We refer to the illustrated works of every graf:c of cheapness, from the ',arpe to the more elabo ,ot-up issues of other publishers. t published by Mr. Burns, is now be ist say that a more finished specimen three-hal fy y magazines of S rately and elegant OLie of these go aphy, containlng a greater amount of high art employtd in their designs and their execution on wood, we have never seen. The poems are selected, with a few original. Some of them are old favourites; and many of the old ballad style. To illustrate them the pub lisher has engaged the pencils of Creswick, Dyce, Cope, Redgrave, Selons, Franklin, Townsend, F. 11. Pickers gill. Tenniel, sen., Weigall, Horsley, Topham, Archer, E. Corbould, Duncan, Thomas, and Dodgson—a rare ga laxy of talent. The engravers are of equally high stand ing, viz. :—W. J. Linton, T. Thompson, C. Gray, H. L. Clark, Blanchard, Armstrong, Dalziel, F. Branston, W. Green, Mason, Baslin, and Nicholls. The work is got up upon fine plate-paper, in the most beautiful type, each page surrounded with rich type bor dering, of mingled geometrical and scrollwork, and richly bound in cloth gilt. As a Christmas present, book for the boudoir, or au eff)rt of both ;le painters and tte pub lisher's art, it ranks far above the best of the annuals of former days. fore us of 4-1 e art of t VARIETIES Mr. O'Connell said, at Conciliation Hall, " 'When I die, • Repeal' will be found writte3 en my heart." There is a slight error in the above absurdity. The hereditary bondsman should have said " hographed."—Punch. SAVE-ALL. - Mr. Budd, of Scvz-msea, has taken out a patent for the application, in the ruanufaciure of iron, of clinkers produced in the combustion of coal, and hereto fore regarded as useless.—Builder. SINGULAR WEDDING PRESENT.—A neighbouring paper, on noticing a marriage i the squirearchy, states that the bridegroom made the b ide a present of a splen did pinafore k piano-forte.) Said Stubbs to one of his debtors, " Is'nt it about time for you to pay me that little bill?" " My dear sir, was the consoling reply, it is not a quenti , m of time—it is a ques- tion of eternity." BRITISH CONSULS.—From a parliamentary return re cently printed, it appears that tl,e number of consuls, &c., is as follows :—Paid consuls-g nert.l, 23; paid consuls, 121 ; unpaid consols, viz., Rome and Frankfort, 2 ; paid vice-consuls, 82 ; unpaid vice-consuls, 253 • total, 468. The salaries vary from £2OOO to £loo. 2 Bimmonds's Colonial Magazine. INGENIOUS MODE OF DETECTING A THEFT.—When M. Carsten Niebuhr was at Jidda, a nobleman of that place requested that he would discover to him the thief who had stolen 200 sequins which he had lost, for all Ma bometans consider an astronomer and an astrologer as the same, and M. Niebuhr had been using his astronomical instruments in the nobleman's presence. M. Niebuhr ex cused himself on the plea of entire ignorance of future events, and as cultivating the science of astronomy only to improve the art of navigation. Application was then made to a famous scheick, whose astrology was much more to the purpose. The seheik gathered all the servants toge ther, ranged them in a line, and after a long prayer, made each of them take into his mouth a bit of folded paper, telling them that they who were innocent might swallow it with safety, but that the guilty person would be choked by it. They all swallowed the paper save one, who being thus surprised and terrified, became embarrrassed, confessed the theft, and made restitution. NEWSPAPERS. —We think a good deal of exaggeration which one meets about the world might be spared if peo ple would consent to view newspaper literature as what it really is—a kind of conversationrl expression of the pub lic feeling of the day carried on between the various bodies which compose it. Almost every newspaper represents, with more or less precision, some shade of opinion, some party existing, or in process of formation—some vein of thought and feeling, not individual, but generic, not pe culiar to the writer or editor. but common to a number of supposed readers—and in this representative character takes its position in, and contributes its share, to the daily or weekly discussions which are going on in print between the various sections of society. The writer in a newspa per puts on the plural when he takes up his pen—he ad vances on the part of a supposed something behind, to prove that those whom he represents are capable of ap plying their principles to the interpretation of daily facts as they arise, and it is certain, by the way, whether justly or not, that their competency will be judged of in no slight degree by his success. — Guardian. ADVICE TO INTENDING EMIGRANTS. — I am so satis fied that there are thousands in England who would dezive incalculable advantages from emigrating to this province [Australia Felix], that I will not stop to inquire if there be better places tor them to go, but will at once proceed with my advice to the poor, who, constituting by far the larger class who require improvement, shall engage my attention first. Even with this class, emigratiou should not be undertaken without due consideration. particularly by those having families. I speak indiscriminately of all colonies whatever. None should leave England who are advanced in years, or ill in health. It requires an ener getic and healthy mind to contend with the troubles of a first settlement, and not one already bowed down by age and disease. Those who can compete with their own particular grade of life in England. should not risk their happiness by emigrating. The solitude of a life in the woods but ill accords with a , Englishman's ideas of com fort. 1 am assuming now that all who go out intend devoting themselves to pastoral or agricultural pursuits. An intelligent man must perceive that occupation in the towns must for years be very limited, although those practising the necessary mechanical arts can generally meet with remunerating engagements. The poor agricul ci to work bard and live nfortable state of uncer m one day to another, s a week to support a a:_e requires but little f Briti y, and always in a —such would scarcely be worse than his would he cou i hardly fail to improve ho derive ural labour oarin.,,l nd peraaps t wife and fami consideration ; I go where 1 ntages from emigration. On such a Australia Felix, he need no longer be looking for work, for the master settlers are generally so situated that they have to look for workmen. To this particular class of persons, I would submit the following facts for their perusal. Wages for any description of work have never been less than £l3 a-year and rations and £8 for a woman ; and they have been as the greate for a ma When I left, in January, 845, bush servants were earning at from £l5 to £25 a-year. When I mention the rate of wages, I always include rations, which are as follow, served out on all stations once a-week :-101bs. of flour, 14Ihs. of beef or mutton, of tea, 21bs. of sugar. Let me advise the poorer class of emigrants to endeavour to hold sonic decided object ever in vie*. By these means they will void many temptations which would otherwise be a con ,ual drawback to them. In a country like Australia, it imperative on a man to hold the position of a "- I ;fP. as is the almost certain lot of many in • -ready and honest endeavours, high as £4O for shepherds Euglaod. i is position, and his pro- ost certain. By care and economy, in a vents, he might have wherewith to com ' ears at a mence a station for himseir, auu, y where children are regarded by the class to whom 1 am now addressing myself as drawbacks to their advance mnt, the will here find them add greatly to their 'chances of e success. y They will m utually benefit each other, and the father may have the satisfaction of seeing his children in prosperity, and himself in his old age independent, when, bad he remained in Britain, the workhouse would have been his portion, and hard and ill-paid labour theirs. As I have before stated, the agricultural labourer is bene fited before all others by emigration, because in every new country the value of his labour is known and appre ciated. That the price of labour will advance rather than recede in Australia, I have little doubt, for since the government emigration has ceased the demand has been increasing, and in January, 1843, when the first importa tion of penitentiary prisoners arrived in the colony—a measure to which most of the colonists were very justly opposed —they were hired by the settlers at from £35 to £lB per year ; and this step the colonists were obliged to take, or make up their minds to submit to heavy losses from want of them, for free labour could not be procured at much higher wages.—Haydon's Five Years' .Expe rience in Australia Felix. Riteraturr. POETRY, THE WELCOME BACK, BY ELIZA COOK Sweet is the hour that brings us home Where all will spring to meet us— Wilerep.hu-nds are stliving, as we come, To Ein the first to greet us. V. hen the world lath spent its frowns and wrath, And care been sorely pressing, 'Tis sweet to turn from our roving path, 1e homeward track, ,ck ! ,e our stay, e hack betray Isure? ward track, NOTIC A JEWISH WEDDING BY MRS. POSTANS With pleasure I acquiesced in the proposal of an Ame rican lady, to accompany her on a wedding visit to the fa mily of a fair " Jessica," the daughter of a Bagdat mer chant in the fort. Leaving our residence for this pur pose together, we threaded the crowded and narrow ways of a porton of the populous bazaars, until then unknown to me ; and, as the palkees neared each other, and I caught occasional glimpses of my veiled companion, her gorgeous tiara, her flashing jewels, the strange locality, and the novelty of the expedition, brought the inimitable tales of the Arabian Nights strongly to remembrance; and I almost imagined myself attending the splendid wife of Haroun al iiischid, through her ancient city of Tabriz. Arrived at our destination, we were introduced into a large upper apartment, where several turbaned infants lay sleeping on Arab mats, attended by Jewish women, hav ing all chowries to protect their repose. After a short detention, a distant door opened, and the bride, wi h her mother and sisters, gave us a most cour teous welcome. As the appearance and attire of the younger women nearly resembled each other, I shall con tent myself with attempting to describe the person of the lady, for whom our visit was most particularly intended. The bride was certainly not more than 11 years of age ; yet, notwithstanding her extreme youth, there was no lack of feminine expression in her fair and placid counte nance. Her eyes were hazel, and her soft features dif fered from the common Jewish puysiognomy, which, however handsome in youth, frequently acquires harsh distinctiveness at a maturer age. It is customary for the Jewish women to marry at an early period ; and the elder sister of the bride, a girl about 16, was, I found, the mother of two of the sleeping infants, who had first at tracted my attention. The costume of the fair Jewess brought to my remem brance, yet, " with a difference," Mr. Lane's admirable sketch of that adopted by the dancing girls of Cairo. It consisted of a fine white muslin under-dress, plaited in exquisitely small folds from the throat to the waist, and falling to the embroidered yellow slippers, shrouding her pretty feet. A satin tunic of Tyrian purple, sloped away on the bosom, was clasped at the waist oy a single stud, the sleeves falling loose and open from the middle of the arm, fringed with a double row of gold buttons. A shawl, of the finest loom of Cashmere, encircled the waist ; and costly ornaments, worn after the usual manner, encum bered where they could not adorn. To complete the cos tume, a small red velvet cap fitted closely to the head, bound round the brows with a scarf of most vivid hues, and a handkerchief depending from it at the ',tack, passed loosely under the chin ; a very trying arrangement, even to the most lovely face. With due exception to this sin gle portion of the attire, all was tasteful and well arranged, flowing and antique ; fashion in the East is not a mutable goddess; consequently, its form was probably the same wi!h that in which the fair Esther, the advocate of her people's rights, appeared before Hegai, in the regal palace of Shushan. According to an eminently disfiguring custom amongst the Jewish ladies, the hair of all is parted in long crisped locks upon the forehead, and stained an orange tawny co lour by the use of henna. At the back, its . raven and glossy tint remains, where it is plaited in long ends, each suspending a golden coin. Observing the curiosity with which I noticed the several articles of their dress, the young Jewess proposed that I should proceed to their dressing-room, to amuse myself with an inspection of their wardrobe.— Sharpe's London Magazine. IMPORTANCE OF THE COCHINEAL TRADE.—The im portation of cochineal from Mexico into Spain amounted during the years 1788 to 1790, to 2,200,000 lbs. The dye is generally put in bags of 200 lbs. each, and the average annual consumption of cochineal in Europe is at present calculated to be about 4000 bags, or 800,0001bs. The imports into England amounted in 1830 to 260,0001b5. Tcere are various methods for drying the insect in a more rapid way than the sun affords, besides which the insect loses more in weight by being dried in the sun. Hot metal plates are frequently resorted to, which process, however, gives the dye a less brilliant colour. In the London market the following kinds are distinguished, to which I have added the prices commanded last January : —Black, 6s. 3d. per lh. ; best, is. ;—Silver, ss. 3d. ; best, ss. 4d. ;—Foxy, ss. 2d.; best. ss. 6d. Assuming, there fore, an average price of ss. Bd., England imparted in the year 1830 cochineal to the value of nearly £74,000 ster ling.—Sitnrnonds's Colonial Magazine. A. SONIERSETSHIRE STUDENT.—Corning to _a relati- on's house, who was a schoolmaster at Ma'rtock, in So- mersetshire, I went into the school to beg the boys, or rather the master, a play-day, as is usual in such cases. I observed one of the lowest scholars was reading his les- SUPERSTITIONS RESPECTING BEES.—Some years son to the usher in a chapter of the Bible ; so I sat down since, a gentleman, at a dinner table, happened to men by the master till the boy had read it out. I observed tion that he was surprised on the death of a relative, by the boy read a little oddly in the tone of the country, his servant inquiring " Whether his master would inform which made me the more attentive, because, on inquiry, the bees of the event,—or whether be should do so." On I found that the words were the same, and the orthogra- asking the meaning of so strange a question, the servant phy the same as in our Bibles. 1 observed also the boy assured him that bees ought always to be informed of a read it out with his eyes still on the book, and his head, death in a family—or they would resent the neglect by like a mere boy, moving from side to side as the lines deserting the hive. This gentleman resides in the Isle of reached across the columns of the book. His lesson was Ely—the anecdote was told in Suffolk; and one of the in the Canticles of Solomon—the words were these :—" I party present, a few days afterwards, took the opportu have put off my coat ; how shall I put it on ? I have nity of testing the prevalence of this strange notion by in washed my feet ; how shall I defile them ?" The boy quiring of a cottager, who had lately lost a relative, and read thus with his eyes, as 1 say, full on the text : happened to complain of the loss of her bees, " Whether " Chav a doffed my coot ; how shall I don't ; Chav a she had told them all she ought to do ?" She immedi washed my veet •, how shall I moil'm ?" How the dex- ately replied, " Oh, yes :—when my aunt died, I told trous dunce could form his mouth to express so readily every sleep (i.e. hive) myself, and put them into mourn the words (which stood right printed in the book) in his ing." I have since ascertained the existence of the same country jargon, I could not but admire.—De Foe's Tour superstition in Cornwall, Devonshire, Gloucestershire, through Britain. (where I have seen black crape put round the hive, or on GROUSE "BATTUES."—There is something not only a small stick by its side,) and Yorkshire. It probably despicable, but in our opinion absolutely brutal, in the ac- exists in every part of the kingdom. I should be glad to counts which we sometimes read of wholesale massacres ascertain whether it prevails in Wales; —though, from committed on the moots in sheer wanton lust for blood. its being known in Cornwall, I have little doubt that its Fancy a crest hulking Simon. attended by some half dozen origio, is earlier than the Saxon invasion. You can pro gamekeepers, with a large retinue of gillies, sallying forth bably also inform me whether this custom be known on at early morning upon ground where the grouse are lying the Continent of Europe. The mode of communication as thick and tame as chickens in a poultry-yard—loosing is by whispering the fact to each hive separately. I be four or five dogs at a time, each of which has found his lieve there are many other singular notions afloat as to bird or his covey before he has been freed two minutes these insects. In Oxfordshire, I was told that if man from the couples—marching up in succession to each sta- and wife quarrelled, the bees would leave them. The ac tionary quadruped—kicking up the unfortunate pouts, count of their generation from the blood of a calf leads to scarce half-grown from the heath beneath his feet—bang- the beautiful episode in the 4th Georgic.—Athenceum. ing right and left into the middle of them, and—for the CELEBRATED OAKS.—TO come to our own island, butcher shoots well—bringing down one, and sometimes there is the Hatfield oak, under which the Princess Eli two, at each discharge. The red-whiskered keeper behind zabeth was sitting when the news of her sister Mary's him, who narrowly escaped transportation a few years ago death, and her own succession to the throne, was brought for a bloody and ferocious assault, bands him another gun, to her. In Whittlebury Chase, tradition points out a ready loaded ; and so or, he goes for hour after hour, de- tree where Elizabeth Woodville waited for Edward IV., populating God's creatures of every species without mercy, that she might petition for the restoration of Bradgate to until his shoulder is blue with the recoil, and his brow 1 her family. He saw her, and be loved • but " small joy black as Cain's with the stain of the powder left, as he I had she in b ein g En g land's queen." The oak of Elders wipes away the sweat with his stiff and discoloured hand. ! lie, that grows near Wallact's birth-place, in Renfrew- At evening the pyramid is counted, and, lo! there are 200 shire, is the only tree now left, of several that Scotland brace. Is this sporting, or is it murder? Not the first cer- once prided herself upon as memorialising her hero. We tainly, unless the term can be appropriately applied to the have all read in childhood of the oak near Boscobel hideous work of the shambles. Indeed, between knocking House, that sheltered Charles 11. after the battle of Wor down stots or grouse in this wholesale manner, we can see cester. In the late Lord Grenville's Park at Dropmore, very little distinction ; except that, in the one case, there there is a youug tree with an inscription, which informs is more exertion of the muscles, and in the other a clearer the reader it was raised from an acorn of the oak at Bos atmosphere to nerve the operator to his task. Murder is i cobel, and placed and cherished at that place as a memo a strong term, so we shall not venture to apply it, but 1 rial, not of the King's preservation, " but of the re-esta cruelty is a word which we may use without compunction; blishment of the ancient and free monarchy of England, and from that charge, at least it is impossible for the glut- the true source of her prosperity and glory." A tree in ton of the moors to go free.—Blackwood's Magazine, Epping-forest is known as Anne- Boleyn's oak ; and an EXTRAORDINARY DISCOVERIES AT NINEVEH.—Mr. oak in Ampthill-park, Bedfordshire, is pointed out as a Layard, an English gentleman, has for the last twelve- favourite tree of Catharine of Aragon, Henry VIII.'s first months been pursuing the track—first laid open by M. wife. Near th e v il la g e of Addlestone, in Surrey, is an Botta—at Nimroud near Mosul, on the Tigris. His ex- ancient oak which formerly marked the boundary of cavations have not only settled the precise position of Windsor forest, and there is a tradition that Wickliffe Nineveh—the very existence of which bad become little preached under its shade. At one time, it was proposed bettor than a vague historic dream—but have brought to to erect a monument to the reformer beside it. Herne's I light some of its buildings, sculptures, and inscriptions. oak is still " shown "in Windsor-park ; but there is good According to accounts received from Constantinople some reason to believe that the veritable tree no longer exists. months since, and communicated in the Athenecum of The guides , however,think that the substitute "is so like Saturday last, Mr. Layard had discovered an entrance truth , 'twill ser v e their turn as well."—Tait's Maga formed by two magnificent winged, human-handed lions. zinc. The entrance led him into a hall above 150 feet long and TURNER'S COLOURING.—One point it is incumbent 30 broad—entirely built of slabs of marble, covered with upon me to notice, being no question of art but of mate sculptures. The side-walls are ornamented with small rial. The reader will have observed that I strictly limited bas-reliefs, of the highest interest—battle sieges, lion the perfection of Turner's works to the time of their first hunts, &c., • many of them in the finest state of preserva- appearing on the walls of the Royal Academy. It bit lion and all executed with extraordinary spirit. They terly grieves me to have to do this, but the fact is indeed afford a complete history of the military art amongst the so. No picture of Turner's is seen in perfection a month Assyrians ; and prove their intimate knowledge of many after it is painted. The " Walhalla" cracked before it of those machines of war whose invention is attributed to had been eight days in the academy rooms; the vermi the Greeks and Romans—such as the battering-ram, the lions frequently lose lustre long before the exhibition is tower moving on wheels, the catapult, &c. Nothing can over; and when all the colours begin to get hard a year exceed the beauty and elegance of the forms of various or two after the picture is painted, a painful deadness and arms, swords, daggers, bows, spears, &c. In this great opacity comes over them, the whites especially becoming hall there are several entrances—each formed by winged lifeless, and many of the warmer passages settling into a lions or winged hulls. These lead into other chambers; hard valueless brown, evert if the paint remains perfectly which, again branch off into a hundred ramifications. firm, which is far from being always the case. 1 believe Every chamber is built of slabs covered with sculptures or I that in some measure these results are unavoidable, the inscriptions : whence some idea may he formed of the 1 colours being so peculiarly blended and mingled in Tur number of objects discovered—the far greater part of ner's present manner as almost to necessitate theit irre which, in fact nearly all, are in the best preservation. Mr. gular drying ; but that they are not necessary to the ex- Layard's excavations have been hitherto confined to a very tent in which they sometimes take place is proved by the small corner of the mound, under which these antiquities comparative safety of some even of the more brilliant have for ages been buried ;it is impossible to say what works. Thus the " Old Temeraire" is nearly safe in may come out when they can be carried forward on an colour, and quite firm ; while the " Juliet and her adequate scale. Nurse" is now the ghost of what it was ; the " Slaver" CULTIVATION OF THE COCHINEAL INSECT.—The shows no cracks, though it is chilled in some of the darker cultivation is very simple, and the plant is satisfied with passages ; while the " Walhalla" and some of the recent stony, barren, dry soil. The Opuntia is planted in rows, " Venices" cracked in the Royal Academy. It is true and kept clear of weeds and bushes. to prevent the insect that the damage makes no further progress after the first from wandering. - In a well-attended Cochineal farm in year or two, and that even in its altered state the picture Mexico, the plants are covered with insects. The female is always valuable and records its intention ; but it is bit is easily distinguished from the male, in consequence of terly to be regretted that so great a painter should not being wingless and much larger. The male is small and leave a single work by which in succeeding ages he might slender, and is dispersed among the females in the pro- be estimated. The fact of his using means so imperfect, portion of 1 to 150 or 200, or even, according to some together with that of his utter neglect of the pictures of authors, 300 females. The female insect alone is valuable his own g aller y , are a phenomenon in human mind whi ch for its dye. After the farm is established, a nursery is appears to me utterly inexplicable, and both are without always kept with the greatest care, and well protected an excuse. If the effects he desires cannot be to their against the inclemency of the weather, from whence the full extent produced except by these treacherous means, insects are distributed over the plantation. The op era- one picture only should be painted each year as an exhi tion consists merely in placing the females, while yet bition of immediate power, and the rest should be carried growing, upon the leaves, from whence they spread over out, whatever the expense of labour and time, in safe _e +ho olants. and they increase with great materials, even at the risk of some: deterioration of immediate effect.—Modern Painters, by a Graduate of Oxford. THE RIVALS.—Mave had, on entering, deposited the little matters she had brought for their comfort; and Mary now came over, and placing her hand on her shoulder, said—" Sarah is right, dear Mave; for God's sake, do not stay here. Oh, think —only think if you tuck this fever, an' that anything happened y ou. ” " Come," said Sarah, " leave this dangerous place; I will see you part of the way home—you can do nothing here that I won't do, and everything that I can do will be done." Her lover's eves had been fixed upon her, and with a feeble voice—for the agitation had exhausted bins— he added his solicitations for her departure to theirs. , t I hope I will soon be better, dear Mave, and able to get un too—but may God bless you and take care of you till then!" Mave again went round and took his hand. on which he felt a few tears fall. " I came, dear Con," she said, "to take care of you all, and why need I be ashamed to say so—to do all I could for yourself. Sarah here wishes me to 'peke the truth, an' why shouldn't I ? Think of my words then, Con, and don't let me or the thoughts o' me occasion you one moment's unhappiness. To see you rapidity when they find suitable nourishment of gathering the insect is just before the female produces her young, as she perishes immediately after, and her body serves to cover the young brood, which is enveloped in a woolly covering resembling little nests. In the space of two months after the distribution from the nursery, the first crop is gathered. The groups of insects are for that purpose taken up from the leaves with a blunt knife, and put into earthen pots. They are from thence trans ferred into bags, which are dipped into hot water and afterwards dried in the sun. By this process the insect loses about two-thirds of its weight. A'more primitive way is to spread a cloth under the plant, and to shake it to cause the insects to fall on the cloth.—Simmonds's Colonial Magazine. MANORS v. MANNERS.—When Sir Fletcher Norton, who was not distinguished for his refinement, was pleading before Lord Mansfield on some question of manorial rights, he chanced unfortunately to say, " My lord, I can Mustrate the point by an instance in my own person. I, myself, have two little manor s." The judge immediately interposed, with one of his blandest smiles, " We all know it, Sir Fletcher." he time THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. A NEGRO BEAU IN GALVESTON, TEXAS (From Simmonds's Colonial Magazine.) One morning I was out early shooting on the bayou, and Tom was somewhere in the neighbourhood, along with a little boy, watching me. As luck would have it, I brought down two roseate spoonbills at one shot. Tom dashed into the mud and water to fetch them out ; and, on bringing them to me, he remarked— " That bes' shot I ebber see in my life !" (He spoke very good English for a negro.) " I see many men as calls 'emselves sportsmen come up here to shoot, but nebber see sich a thing as that. I s'pose missis is to hab one of these ?" " Certainly." said I ; " take them both to your mis tress, with my compliments." Tom was highly pleased, and went off, but, after break fast, came into our house with a dish of cucumbers and thanks. " Now, Tom," said I, " will you have a drop of whisky-and-water?" for although to give another man's slave drink is legally a punishable crime, his master and I were oa terms which set all such peccadilloes aside. " In a bit, if you please, massa ; but I jus' want say afore, what a capital shot that was you made this morn ing !—Yah, ah !—Nebber saw better in my life ; no, not in all my life! You see that little boy I talk !o? Well, what you think I say to him ?—Yah, ah !—I say this, says I. ' Massa Hooton 's a berry good 'un,' says I,— yah, ah,—` a berry good 'tin, though he be a berry little 'un /' Yah, ah! ah, ah, ah!" Tom was now ready for his cold toddy. While dis. ,Fussing it, he told me how he had been to chapel (the negroes' chapel) one Sunday a short time before, and how Father Peter, the preacher, delivered a sermon so long that it kept them all much after dinner-hour. It was not even yet completed, when he said—" And now, dear sisters and bredren, in de sebenteent place, I hab to warn you—but I shan't keep you long, bekos it 's high time we abjurned to dinner—" " You all right dere, Father Peter !" exclaimed Tom, " so I'll be off!" Whereupon Tom added, " I get up on my seat, and habbin two ladies on my arms, I walk straight out, and eberybody following me a•lifl'in !" The mention of the " two ladies on his arms," re minded Mrs. H. of a white handkerchief which had been picked up, and was supposed to belong to Tom. The fact was this :—Some few days before, we had been to visit a friend in the town, before whose garden-:ate this handkerchief bad, one Sunday afternoon, been found. The lady of the house could not find an owner for it; but afterwards recollecting that she had seen Tom (who, by the bye, was the black beau of Galveston) pass by some short time previously, concluded it might possibly belong to him, and, therefore, placed it in Mrs. H. 's hands for restoration in case it proved so. Tom looked at it— " Yah, ah! mine, to be sure—be sure it is! Now look you, Missis Hooton, I tell you how it is, and all about it :—You find him in d' road by Missis Silbersides'?" - . " She found it, Tom, and asked me to give it to you if it should prove to be yours." " Mine !—ob course he 's mine, to be sure !—and now I tell you all 'bout it. You see, on Sunday afternoon I bas walking along wi' two ladies, and habbin 'casion to use my hankercher, I took him out and dropped him. But as there was a lady on each arm, ob course, ma'am, you see it would be berg ungenteel to let go an' stop to pick him up again; so I pass by, thinking it berry possi ble that Missis Silbersides, or some of her people there about, might find him, and perhaps wash him for me, and send him again when they come t find out who he b'long'd to." " But what if it had been lost? " " That case, ma'am, I care nothin"bout him, 'cos I wouldn't insult any lady 'bout a hankereher." The " ladies" were of course black slaves, like himself. Poor Tom ! h 6 was some time afterwards sold from our neighbour's to a merchant in the town for seven hundred dollars ; and as he much liked his former place, he became very crestfallen. Besides, be did not like the idea of being sold for so little. He declared indignantly to an indivi dual who coat sely accosted him on the subject, that he had known the time when he fetched a thousand in New Or:eans ! That was after be left " Old Virginny," where he was raised. Notwithstanding all that has been so confidently assert ed to the contrary, the purchase and sale of slaves are just as common in Texas as the transfer, for pecuniary consi derations, of any kind of animal. With reference to the importation of native Africans I cannot so confidently speak, having enjoyed no opportunities for the acquisition of facts bearing conclusively upon that subject. happy is all the wish I have in this world." She then bade him and them an affectionate farewell, and was about to take her departure, when Sarah, who bad been musing for a moment, went to Darken, and having knelt on one knee, was about to speak, and to speak, as was evident from her manner, with great earnestness, when she sud denly restrained herself, clasped her hands with a vehe ment action, looking distractedly from him to Mave, and U_en suddenly rising, took Mave's hand and said—" Come away—it's dangerous to stop where fever is—you ought to be careful of yourself—you have friends that loves you, and that would feel for you if you were gone. You have a kind, good father—a lovin' mother—a lovin' mother, that you could turn to, an' may turn to, if ever you should have a sore heart—a mother—oh, that blessed word— what wouldn't I give to say that I have a mother? Many an outrage—many a wild fit of passion —many a harsh word too—oh what mightn't I be now if I had a mother! All the world thinks I have a bad heart—that I'm wicked —that I'm without feelin" but, indeed, Mave Sullivan, I am not without feelin', an' I don't think I have a bad heart." "I ou have not a bad heart," replied Mave, taking her hand ; " No one, dear Sarah, could look into your face and say so ; no, but I think so far from that, your heart is both kind and generous." " I hope so," she replied, " I hope I have—now come you and lave this dangerous house ; besides I have something to say to you." Mave and she proceeded along the old causeway that led to the cabin, and having got out on the open road Sarah stood. " Now, Mave Sullivan," said she, " listen—you do me only justice to say that I love truth, an' hate a lie or consalement of any kind. I ax you now this—you discovered awhile ago that I love Condy Dalton ? Isn't that thrue ?" " I wase't altogether certain," replied Mave—" but I thought I did—an' I now think you do love him." "I do love him—oh, I do—an' why, as you said, should I be ashamed of it ?—ay, an' it was my inten tion to tell you so the first time I'd see you, an' to give you fair notice that 1 did, an' that I'd lave nothing undone to win him from you." " Well." replied the other, " this is open and honest at all events." " That was my inten tion," pursued Sarah ; " an' I bad for a short time other thoughts—ay, an' worse thoughts ; my father was per. suadin' me—but I can't spake on that—for he has my promise not to do so. Oh, I'm nothing, dear Mave— nothing at all to you. I can't forget your words awhile ago—bekaise I knew what you meant at the time, when you said to Con, ' any earthly thing that I can do to give aise an' comfort to your mind lam ready to do it. If it would relieve you forget that you ever saw me or ever knew me.' Now, Mave, I've confessed to you that I love Con Dalton—but I tell you not to trouble your heart by any thoughts of me, my mind's made up as to what I'll do—don't fear me. I'll never cross you here. I'm a lonely creature," she proceeded, bursting into bitter tears —" I'm without friends or relations or any one that cares at all about me." " Don't say so," replied Mave, "I care about you, an' it's only now that the people is begin nin' to know you—but that's not all, Sarah, if it's any consolation to you to know it—know it—Condy Dalton loves you—ay loves you, Sarah M'Gowan—you may take my word for that—l am certain this day that what I say is true." " Loves me !" she exclaimed. " Loves you," re peated Mave, "is the word, and I have said it." " I didn't suspect that when I spoke," she replied. Each looked upon the other, and both as they stood were pale as death itself. At length Mave spoke. " I have one only thought Sarah, an' that is, how to make Mm happy! Good-bye, dear Sarah." She put her hand into Sarah's, and felt that it trembled excessively—but Sarah was ut terly passive, she did not even return the pressure which she had received, and when Mave departed, she was standing in a reverie incapable of thought, deadly pale, and perfectly motionless.— The Black Prophet by Carle ton, in the Dublin University Magazine. POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY-IMPROVEMENT OF TENEMENTS. The usual monthly meeting of this society was held on the 12th instant, D. Waidle, Esq., presided. Mr. Joseph Boult read a paper on " The improvement of Te nements in towns," illustrated by several plans of build ings already erected, both on the old and on improved de signs. We are enabled to present our readers with the following abstract of this paper : The labours of the Sanatory Commissioners have clearly established the fact, that much of the bitter distress usu• ally deemed a necessary attendant upon great poverty, is occasioned by a negl , ct of the duties of cleanliness, per sonal and local, in the latter of which all participate, the measure of their culpability being the extent of their infor mation and the influence of their station. _ _ The most important measure that can be adopted to wards any improvement in the sanatory condition of towns, one that ought to be preliminary to others, and therefore entered upon without delay.—is an improved system of sewerage and water supply. I have con joined what may appear at first sight two distinct mea ures, but I think they will be found to constitute but two branches of one, if we reflect that however perfect the system of sewerage may be, it will be ineffectual without an abundant supply of water, and that however excellent and ample the supply of water, the sanatory evils would be aggravated by incomplete drainage, as the stagnation of the refuse water would be prolific with crops of nume rous diseases. It behoves the authorities therefore to lose no time in providing this important remedy ; any effort that may be made for improving the dwellings of the poor will be very ineffectual until this is done ; and they can only be successful in rendering these habitations more roomy, the external atmosphere remaining un wholesome, whilst if the atmosphere were good, so that the air of the apartment might be purified and changed, the physical evils of over-crowding would be much re duced. Another important measure to be attended to, is the arrangement of streets and courts, a matter, permit me to say, quite as deserving of attention as their width, for which the local mat bee mode provision. They should be laid down not merely with a view of making the land most productive, but with the intention of promoting, as much as possible, the ventilation of the streets and of the houses in them. As far as is practicable, the houses should be so arranged that the sun shall shine upon every side some part of the day ; they will thus be warmer and dryer, and the inhabitants will have the advantage of good light, which, our medical friends can tell us, is highly im portant. It is also desirable that the streets should be laid out so as to render the draft of vehicles as light as possible ; that, for example, instead of being laid down to run directly,up the face of a steep bill, they should be carried round the bill, or laid down diagonally on its face. To enforce the importance of this subject, Mr. Butler Williams estimated the loss sustained by declivities and Crooked directions of streets on the main thoroughfares of Ludgate-hill and Holborn, and found about .£lOO,OOO per annum. It appears extremely desirable that the au thorities should have the power of supervising any plan for laying out property, and of causing such arrangements to be made as will meet the conditions of sanatory law, and public convenience. If they bad also power to com pensate for property rendered less available for profit by considerations of public advantage, no landowner could object to their control. But before any complete system of water supply and sewerage can be carried out, or streets properly arranged, a map of the locality should be prepared upon which con tour lines of level are laid down, so that a correct idea may be gained by all parties interested as to the best plan to be adopted. lam induced to dwell upon this impor tant measure, because I think that in the multiplicity of matters requiring the attention of the authorities, it has been unfortunately overlooked, and much valuable time lost ; for when measures of drainage—such as I have be fore mentioned—are adopted, it will be found that they must be delayed until the contour map is prepared. To lay before you evidence of the present unventilated and overcrowded abodes of the poor would be to occupy time with that which all ought to have learned from the labours of Mr. Duncan and Mr. Holme. But the inter val that has elapsed since their evidence was first pub lished, and the small improvement yet made, indicates that but little practical advantage has been derived, not withstanding the efforts that hate been made to engage the public attention. I shall, however confine myself to producing the plans of a court in Stuart-street, (which runs down from Great Howard-street to Waterloo-road). This street consists almost entirely of courts of houses. This plan is of a court on the south side, of which I counted fourteen, and I believe that there are about the same number on the north aide. The entrance to each court is by a covered passage between the front houses, which is about three feet wide, and the clear dimensions of the court between the houses is 19 feet 9 inches by 7 feet 6 inches ; at the end of the court furthest from the entrance are two pri vies and an ashpit—the seat of the one privy being off, and both in a filthy state. Behind the privies the court is closed up by the wall of a cotton shed, so that the court and houses have no air but that which is admitted by the covered passage, 3 feet wide, and that which descends from over the tops of the houses. Each back house consists of a living room and two bedrooms over. There is a dark cellar under the house part in which-coals are kept and into which the water is laid on, but in the houses adjoining the privies I was told that the walls were reeking with impurities, which drained through the cesspools to such an extent as to make the cellars per fectly noisome. The whole of the south side of this street is to be removed in order to make way for the ter minus of the Victoria tunnel. It is pleasant to turn from the contemplation of such squalor to the consideration of the remedy. No. 3 is a plan of Kent-terrace, which is situated on the east side of Kent-street, between Mr. Tomkinson's stone-yard and the Mersey Brewery, and divided from Cornwallis-street by a boat -building-yard, the high wall of which impedes the free circulation of air about the houses. The front to Kent-street is farmed with shops of a tolerable size, the rear of which is laid out into a species of double court, the flags of which are below the level of the street. Each side of the court consists of two tiers of houses, the upper being approached by steps at the west end, communicating by a balcony with each house. The corresponding houses in each tier are let at the same rents, the inconvenient approach to the upper houses bring compensated by their better air and light. In the centre of the middle block, a sewer is constructed to carry the refuse of each house to a cess-pool at the west end, and the flags of each court are laid to a fall to channel-stones in the middle, which communicate with the sewer. So far the constructor had done all that lay in his power to render the houses free from nuisance, but at the time of my visit the cess-pool was full, and there fore the drainage incomplete, and the air felt damp and heavy. This seemed to be the great subject of complaint by the inhabitants, who:otherwise spoke contentedly of the accommodation provided. The remedy for this defect in the drainage was manifestly to allow the sewer of this property to drain itself into the public sewers, which is contrary to the regulations of the Highway Board ; but I hope that when the Council succeed to their jurisdiction this short-sighted restriction will be removed, and that the owners of property shall be compelled to adopt a com plete drainage, rather than be impeded by authority. Another important defect was in the construction of the privies, which are common to two houses, and consist merely of a seat screened off from the yard by a door, but open at the top. The accommodation of the houses slightly varies; those in the centre block consist, for the most part, of a living room, about 12 feet square, with two bedrooms over, and a yard and privy in common ; the yard is fitted up with two sinks, which are under cover, and will be convenient for washing. The houses on the sides of the court contain parlour, kitchen, a sepa rate yard, and a convenience to each, and a lobby to the entrance door. Each house has a thorough draft, and is kept extremely neat and clean, This property was built by Messrs. Hughes and Jones, of Elizaberh-street, from designs by Mr. Ellis, Clayton-square, and, I am informed, pays 9 per cent. upon the cost. Idris-terrace, in Queen Anne-street, the property of Messrs. Evan, and Price, contains many of the advantages possessed by Kent terrace, but each house has a separate yard and conve nience. A plan for cottages was laid before the Sanatory Com missioners by Mr. Austin, of London, in which it was proposed to arrange the cottages in blocks of four, built back to back, each block separated by an open yard from its neighbour; in the yard the water-closets and other conveniences were proposed to be fixed. Some houses upon this plan have been built at Pad dington, in this town, by Messrs. Hughes and Jones, the enterprising builders of the Kent-terrace ; but, as might have been predicated of the design, the increased quan tity of external walling added materially to the expense, whilst the substitution of privies for water-closets brings the cesspool into such proximity to the dwellings, that it is almost impossible to keep them dry and sweet. I be lieve that a wall of clay puddle is the only barrier impe netrable to moisture ;•but this would be an expensive item, and when the conveniences are to be placed so near to the houses, it will be found that water-closets are more convenient as well as more healthy. The dwellings erected by the Birkenhead Dock Com pany for their workpeople, are situated on a triangular plot of ground, bounded by Ilchester-road, Steward street, and Stanley-road, and not very far from the west end of Birkenhead-park. This is an attempt upon a large scale to provide the working classes with every conve nience that can be desired for them ; and in many respects the attempt is very successful, though I do not think it by any means perfect. The general idea is an approxi mation to the custom that prevails in Scotland and the Continent of building in flats—that is, each residence has all its apartments on the same floor, and is self-cantained, the entrance doors of, in this case, eight dwellings com municating with a common stair. Each house has a living room, two bed-rooms, a scullery, yard, water closet, pantry, closet, and coal-bin for half a ton. Gas and water are laid on into each house, and a dust-shaft is built common to the eight dwellings, communicating with each house at the floor levels. The roof of the houses is flat, so as to form a yard for drying clothes, and a shaft is erected for the purpose of ventilation, as well as air bri ks, with sliding shutters, fixed in each room. A strong de sire is evinced to do every thing to promote the health and comfort of the inmates, by facilities for flushing the water closets and drains, and for purifying the air of the rooms. There cannot be a doubt but that this is a very great ad vance on the old court houses of Liverpool, but it is not free from objections ; and that the evils may not be per petuated in future erections, it is desirable that all that are pointed out should be fairly canvassed. The first ob jection is the common stair; taking on an average to each house a man, his wife, and three children—that is, five persons—we have forty persons who will be making daily use of a very small thoroughfare, in which they must be necessarily brought into close contact, which we can readily conceive will be often very annoying, as the occupants cannot choose their neighbours, who will doubtless be selected by the Company for qualities very often conjoined with those that render a man a very un desirable neighbour. The cleansing of the staircase may often be rendered a prolific subject of contention ; although, in this particular case, the D - ick Company can make arrangements for this purpose, impracticable to a private speculator. Again, the great height of the build ings is a serious evil; it requires no small efforts to carry oneself up twice a-day, to say nothing of half a ton of coals. And in the case of small children, it is to be ap prehended that numerous bruises and falls will happen to them, although it is usual to say that there is a provision for them as well as for another class of incapables. The construction of the windows is bad. The mate rial, cast iron, is bad for domestic purposes, as in cold weather it rapidly tran-mits heat to the external air ; and in damp weather it condenses the vapour, causing by its running' down the sashes a countinual nuisance. The construction I conceive to be very defective. The sash is a fixture, a panel in the middle being hung to open on centres. This, though a good plan in workshops, of mo derate height, is, I think, here quite out of place, it being impossible to clear the upper part of the windows on the outside. The best form of window for houses of this kind, is the wooden sash, hinged on two halves, affording a facility for taking furniture in and out, and ensuring, when opened, something like a certainty of ventilation. The sheet I lay before you was presented to the sub scribers of the Journal, a paper, which, with the Mercury and Standard, is distinguished by a desire to promote the sanitory improvement and convenience of the town, a sphere of usefulness of which it seems they are to have the monopoly. No 6is the plan of the ground and upper floor of the model buildings erected between the Lower road, Pentonville, and Gray's Inn, London, by the " So ciety for improving the condition of the labouring classes," which was very obligingly communicated to me by Mr. Gatliff, the honorary secretary of the " Metropo litan Association for improving the dwellings of the in dustrial classes." Two houses are intended for twelve families occupying a floor of two rooms; a living-room, bed-room, water closets, and scullery, are provided to each. Eight houses are intended to eight families. each having on the ground floor a living-room with a lobby, enclosed recess for a bed, closets, and a scullery under the stairs, with a email yard. The upper floor is divided into two rooms. The centre compartment on the east side of the court is laid out for thirty widows, or aged females, each haying one room approached'by a corridor,to be lighted and ventilated in the centre and ends. A sunk washhouse is provided for their use, and one adjoining for the occasional use of the other tenants. Mr. Gatliff informed me, a few weeks since, that the association are about to erect houses on the plan of the Dock Company's barracks, but I hope the inconveniences I have pointed out will be rev:sed. The Metropolitan Association for improving the dwellings of the industrial classes, was projected between two and three years since, and is now incorporated by royal charter. The objects and mode of acton of the society are fully explained in the prospectus. As its name imports its principal object is the improvement of cot tages, and it was calculated that a profit might be ob tained from 5/ to 91 per cent., but the amount to be di vided amongst the shareholders was limited to 5 per cent., the balance to be applied in extension of the scheme. Thus in process of time, a small capital of £lOO,OOO may be expended into a valuable property, whilst an excellent security is provided for trust money. It is intended to meet the private speculator on his own ground, so that he need not be apprehensive of " underselling." I think, however, that as the high rents charged upon small pro perty are occasioned by the bad character and uncertainty of the tenantry, that if due precautions be taken to secure honest and certain occupiers, a smaller rent may then Ire reasonably charged, although the sinking fund may be thus diminished. No. 7 is a plan for dwellings that I have prepared in conjunction with Mr. Swinton Boult, who was induced two or three years since to give a good deal of attention to this subject. It occurred to him that it would he advantageous if the houses, were built in blocks, having a court on each side, one house occupying the ground floor the height of one story, and entered from one court, and over this house two others built each two stories high, and entered by separate stairs from the court upon the other side. Three houses might thus be built upon the space usually occupied by two, a thorough draft and light upon both sides ensured, and each residence be perfectly distinct and independent of its neighbour. Not being an architect, he suggested that I should turn my attention to the subject; and the plans upon this sheet and No. 8 are modifications of this ge neral idea. In No. 7,. both the upper and lower houses contain a living-room, scullery, and three bed-rooms. The upper houses have the same accommodation. Both have separate water-closet, coal-place, pantry, and other closets. No. 8 shows a modification of this arrangement, where the ground floor houses are intended for single women, or for couples without children, each containing living-room, scullery, and bed-room. The upper houses contain each a living-room, scullery, the same size as below, and four bed-rooms. Each house has the conve niences before enumerated. I t was calculated that these houses on the first plan might. be built upon land at a guinea a yard, and be supplied with gas and water in every room, and let for a rental of ss. 6d. per week, and pay to the proprie'or nearly 9 per cent. A general plan was exhibited, showing the best manner of arranging these houses, so as to secure perfect ventilation of the streets, &e. Having given the subject of cottage houses much care- ful attention during the last two or three years, not only examining all that - I could find published on the subject, but, as opportunity offered, visiting new buildings to ob tain further information, I am extremely anxious that more attention should be given to this important subject, and that efforts should be made for organising an associa tion for improving the dwellings of the working classes, as in London. I have directed your attention to improve ments that have been effected by individual enterprise, and highly do I value the liberal spirit that effected those improvements; but the evils are too vast for individuals to overcome, for what are 100 houses to the thousands that are annually erected ?—and 100 houses is a large speculation for one man to engage in, who has only the capital that speculators in this kind of property generally have. If, conjoined with this, we consider the moral advantages to be derived from an extensive erection of improved dwellings, by the owners of whom the advan tages of good character in the tenants will be appreciated at a pecuniary value, I think you will agree with me that this is a field for associative labour, rather than for indi vidual enterprise. From the peculiar position of the business part of Li verpool, viz , their congregation to the banks of the river, the land in that neighbourhood is raised to a most extra vagant value for cottages, whilst there is an imperious necessity that the men who are daily employed in business connected with the docks should be within easy access of their work, the laborious nature of which naturally in disposes them to long walks. Now experience and esti mates prove that it does not pay to build small houses upon land which costs much above forty shillings per yard, land near the docks being often of considerably greater value. In order to realise a profit, it is necessary, therefore, to crowd these dwellings in the dense manner we see them, and the high rents oblige the tenants to take in lodgers, which leads to overcrowding with all its phy sical and moral evils. The consideration of similar evils in London has led to the suggestion that colonies should be formed on the different lines of railways, to and from which trains should run night and day, to bring the in habitants to their daily work and back again. Where the railway companies are sufficiently liberal to agree to con. Oct. 20, 0146. vey the passengers at a suitable rate, there can be no doubt that the scheme has many advantages. Where land is to be bad for £lOO the acre, each cottage may have its living-room, scullery, three or four bed-rooms, the usual conveniences, and the twentieth part of an acre for garden, for say 4s. per week, including the carriage by railway to and from work. , In connection with the subject of improved houses, I have a few remarks to make on the means of aiding the ventilation of houses, a point in which some of the im proved plans we have looked at appear deficient. Sashes, I have said, should generally be hinged in two halves; but where they are hung with lines and weights, either both halves should be hung, or if only one, the upper, as that is more effectual for changing the air of the room. Sometimes, however, it is undesirable to have the window shut, yet a change of air is still wanted. To meet this case, in the Birkenhead Barracks air-bricks with sliding shutters are introduced. A square of perforated zinc in mild weather answers very well; but in winter it requires a curtain or shutter, and at all times it obscures the light. A combination of the air-brick and perforated zinc would probably answer in new houses. Mr. Forrest, of the Old Haymarket, has registered a design for ventilation of very simple construction, which would be found cheap and useful on many occasions. One of the ordinary squares in a window has circular holes cut through it, and on the centre of the square a circular piece of glass is fixed, re volving upon the centre, in which holes of the same size and at the same distance are also perforated. By revol ving the circular plate, the apertures can be opened or shut at pleasure. Some time since Mr. Fairs took out a patent for a transparent ventilator, which was constructed of slips of glass placed in a frame, like the slips of a Louvre shutter; and by raising or lowering the panes by a screw, the ventilator could be opened or shut at plea sure. But the air came in in a cold stream, particularly unpleasant to the party sitting below ' • and the frames and slips, in course of time, clo gg ed with dust. Messrs. Bai ley appear to have added a sliding pane of glass to Mr. F.'s patent, which is hung upon balance weights, and appears to afford greater facility for regulating the drafts ; but I do not think any of these schemes equal to the perforated zinc in diffusing the air when admitted, no draft being perceptible except by holding the hand close to it; but it has the disadvantage of being opaque, and is, therefore, not so desirable for introduction into the win dow of a house already built, where no other position can be found. The subject of ventilation is still one upon which much is required, but it is to be expected that the general attention it is receiving, will lead to the dis covery of the true principles and laws for our guidance in the erection of buildings of every kind. I must be allowed to explain on behalf of my profes sion, that they are not to be blamed that so little progress has been made in this branch, or in that of acoustics. The duty of the architect is not so much to make scien tific discoveries, or to invent theories, as to carry into practice the principles of science. An' architect's time and thoughts will be quite sufficiently employed with the interests of his principals, and the improvements and dia coveries of the day. A long discussion followed, after which a unanimous vote of thanks was carried for Mr. Boult's interesting con mun;c Akin. LONDON GAZETTE.-TUESDAY, OCT. 13. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED Austwick and Clayton, Bradford, Yorkshire, linendrapers— Hustlers and Seebohn, Bradfo d, Yorkshire, wool merchants; as far as regards R. Seebohn—J. and A. Stead, Batley, York shire, ware cutters—Barratt and Goodier, Altrincham, Cheshire, malts,.ers—Jones and Lodge, Sheffield, auctioneers—J. Sargent and Son, Macclesfield, linen drapers—S. Lees and Sons, Soho Works, Greenacres-moor, Lancashire, roller manufacturers—T. Whitaker and J. Lawrie, Wakefield, brickmakers. DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS J. Lythgoe, Liverpool, cooper. H. Roe, Liverpool, goldsmith. E. Thomas, Clifton, wine merchant. J. Waterhouse and R. Sutton, Salford. calico printers J. Johnson, Salford, timber merchant. J. Stevenson, Manchester, tobacconist. BANK RUPTS. Thomas Crowther, Liverpool, wine merchant, Oct. 20, Nov. 20, at I i o'clock, at the Liverpool District Court of Bankruptcy. Sols. Messrs. Sweetiag and Byrne, Sonthampton.buildings; and Mr. Whitley, Liverpool. Official assignee, Mr. Morgan, Liverpool. Charles Henry Purnell, Liverpool, coal merchant, Oct. 27, Nov. 24, at 1 I o'clock, at the Liverpool District Court of Bank -uptcy. Solicitors, Messrs. Cornthwaite and Adams, Old Jewry; and Messrs. Fisher and Stone, Liverpool. Official assignee, Mr. Miller, Liverpool. Stephen Joyce, London-wall, stove manufacturer. Charles Bindley, Chapel-street, Spitalfields, trimming manu facturer. James Pitkeathley, Gllueester-street, Regent's-park, timber merchant. The Tring, Reading, and Basingstoke Railway Company, now or late of New Bond-street. William Hopeful Lerew, late of Upper Norton street, Fitzroy square, apothecary. John Kearry, Strutton.ground, Westminster, London, cheese monger. William Barker, Tottiogton Higher-end, Lancashire, cotton spinner. Christopher Carlisle Clancy, Chorlton-upon-M edlock. saddler. John Wheelwright, Stoke St. Milborough, Shropshire, fanner. Joseph Vowles. Compton Bishop, Somersetshire, teazle-dealer Jonathan Dumbleton, Bristol, spirit merchant. John Heaven, Bristol, painter. DIVIDENDS. Nov. 6. J. Aldcroft, Manchester, licensed victualler—Nov. 7. E. E. Robinson, Wolverhampton. grocer. CERTIFICATES to be granted, unless cause be shown to th° contrary, on the day of meeting. q J. mod_ Nov. 6, W. Howard, Leeds, cloth merchant—N(l' rover kinson, Liverpool. fruiterer—Nov. 6, T. Wilson, Sn ew ' —Nov. 6, G. Hattersley, Sheffield, stove manufacturer. . , CERTIFICATES To be granted by the Court of , Review unless cause be sho vra to the contrarTon or before Nov. 3. S. Vertue, Liverpool. merchant—S. Purser. Cheltenham, dra per—J. Andrews, Hillhouse, near Huddersfield, commisSiOß agent—W. Sudlow, Liverpool. wasehonse-keeper. SCOTCH SEQURSTRATIONS. W. Robinson. Rdinburgh,jeweller. L. Collins, Edinburgh, merchant. J. Lindsay, Helensburgh, provision merchant. Bankier and Mackenzie, Glasgow, iron merchants. A. Hain, Cupar-F'ife, merchant. J. Finlay, jun., Newlands, Kinross-shire, farmer. E. Glass, or Seaton, Perth, hotelkeeper. FROM TOR LONDON GAZETTE OF FRIDAY. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. A. Harmer and R. L. Pearson, Horseforth. near Leeds, paper makers—Walley and Wilkinson, Chester—J. S -rton and G• Wrench, Ardwick. Lancashire, common brewers—T. and T. IW binson, Whitby, Yorkshire. masons—W. Watkinson and Co.. Huddersfield, hosiers—E. J. Hambro and Co., Newcastle-upon - Tyne, commission agents—J. Atherton and Co., Liverpool, tailors—Williams and Thomson, Liverpool, forwarding agents• DECLARATIONS. OF DIVIDENDS. J. Townsend and G. Brooke, Honiton, bankers. C. N. Cutcliffe, Pilton, near Barnstaple, surgeon. J. Hargreaves, Kildwick, Yorkshire, w, rsted spinner. Clarke, Mitchell, Philips, and Smith, Leicester and elsewhere , bankers. BANKRUPTS Thomas Moore, St. Alban's, furniture-broker. George Luck Harvey, Rood-lane, wine merchant. Thomas Thompson, Brighton, grocer. John Brooke Hillyer, Leeds. dealer. George Crawshaw and George Davison, jun., Leeds, sOSP boilers. Thomas Shaw, Stoke•upon-Trent, victualler. Joseph Howard Freeman, Birmingham, builder, DIVIDENDS. Nov, 14, J. Russell, Kidderminster, coal merchs nt—Nov. 10, S. Griffiths, Wolverhampton, wholesale druggist—Nov. 24, Antrob us, Audley, Staff()) dshire, apothecary. CERTIFICATES To be granted, unless cause be shown to the contrary on th. day of meeting. Nov. 6. R. Moir, West Cowes, stationer—Nov. g. R. D. Ma" ham, Edmonton, boarding-house keeper—Nov. 7, J. Bodding' ton, Manchester, corn dealer—Nov. 19, T Wainwright, Bars" ley, Yorkshire, surgeon. CERTIFICATES To be granted by the Court of Review, unless cause be sbovro to the contrary on or before Nov. 6. J. Davis, Broadway. Worcestershire, and Heaton Norri s . Lancashire. miller and provision dealer—A. Smith and T. Ir vine, Liverpool, merchants—S. Puckering and W. T. Makins. Kingston.upon-H nil, woollen drapers—M. Kelly, Liverpo ol , , provision dealer—R. Bleakley, Liverpool, bricklayer — T. Re act, Manchester, cigar dealer. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. J. M. Beatts. Dundee, auctioneer. B. Maxtor'. Devon-bank, near Alloa, coal master. Lang and Browne, Glasgow, sharebrokers. MEETINGS OF CREDITORS FOR LIVERPOOL- 20, Hewson Dutchman (Ist) 20, William Reamer (Ist) 20, Peter M•Shane (2nd) 20, John Burton (Ist) 22, Forest and Lloyd (proof and div 23, Henry Ayres (let) Hogg; District Conit, Ditto, if Ditto, 1$ Ditto, 11 Ditto, •s Ditto, • 11 21, Thomas Crowther, (Ist) 26, Joseph Greaves Smith (spec) Hetherington. Woods & Co.i.; 27, Charles Henry Purnell (ist.. . % District Court, IS 29, Charles Thomas Dunlevie (audit). Ditto, LI 30, William Guy Taylor and Co. (proof and div.) Ditto. BIRKENHEAD HOMCEPATHIC DISPENSAB,I(' New Patients Old Patients.. [WEEKLY RPEORT Total Physician. Dr. Norton.—Charles Smith, Hon. Sec, -.......••••• - .._......./* EASTERN DISPENSARY, ROSE-HILL. Report of cases for the week ending Saturday, Oct. 17. 12, Persons relieved at the Dispensary Patients visited at their own homes Physicians, Dr. Gouthwaite and Dr. Ashcroft. Surgeons, Messrs. Hayes, Lockwood and Harris. House Surgeon, Mr. Shain. Mr. Bickerton. Apothecary LIVERPOOL INFIRMARY REPORT, OCT. 17• DISCHARGED I n-patientseured 23 I In-patients ...........•• 'S; Relieved and at own request 6 Out-patients Made Out-patients 2 Casual sduring the week.• .4 'rregular Dead _ _ _ - Consulting Surgeons , Mr. Porshaw and Mr. Dawsoo. House Surgeon . Mr. M'Cheane. Apothecary, Mr. George Padley. House Visitors, J. Cropper and W. M'Crackan, Evils* Chaplain.... Rev. W. Blundell. RICHARD GI BSON. Treas NORTHERN HOSPITAL, OCT. 17. [WEEKLY REPORT.] ADMITTED Accidents Medical and Surgical cases upon recommendation DISHAROED Total. 19 I Cured ...................... Relieved and at own recitivZ 26 Attending as Out PateDlP g 1 Irregular ................ 0 45 I Died Remainingin the Hospital. 105 Consulting Surg - eon John M. Banner, Esq. Physician and Surgeon for the ensuing week, Dr. Turfibw _it - and Mr. Stubbs. - House Visitors, Charles Inman and R. W. Bateson, Esq rS 4o, House Surgeons, Mr. G. S. Deane and Mr. T. B. GilderSlCG‘ Treasurer, B. H. Jones, Esq. Chaplain Rev. Wm. Hughes,