Northern Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-02-28 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS. Under no circumstances can we insert communications not accompanied by the author's real name and address, not neces sarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. AMUSEMENTS, MEETINGS, &e.—TIIISIDAY. , 'TIIMATILF. ROYAL-Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mathews. ROYAL AMPELITHEATRE-Sir WIII. and Lady Don. HENGLER'S CIRQUE VARlETE—Miscellaneous Attractions. THE PARISIAN GALLERY OF ANATOMY, Paradise-street. MANGERS' MENAGERIE- Foot of Shaw's-brow. kW' For particulars see advertisements on Bth page Iltirtl)nn MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1859. THE DAY'S NEWS The steamer Asia arrived in the Mersey yesterday, from New York bringing dates to the 16th inst. She also brougt 82 pas :sengers, and $919,586 in specie. The political news from the States is most important. Advices from Hayti had been received at New York, which state that the Emperor had abdicated on the 15th of January. An ample summary of the news will be found in another column. The most recent advices from the Continent continue to point to the probability that the peace of Europe will not be disturbed, although the Governments of both France and Austria continue their warlike preparations with the utmost vigour. The Paris Moniteur of yesterday (Sunday) states that, on the 22nd instant, Cardinal Antionelli announced to the ambassadors of France and Austria that the Pope, believing his authority strong enough to maintain peace in his dominions, considers his own power sufficient to warrant the security of his throne, and that in consequence his Holiness was ready to enter into arrangements with the powers for the simultane ous evacuation of his territory by the French .and Austrian armies, with the least possible dela y. A letter from Rome of the 19th, in the Gazette du Midi, says that the speech of the Emperor Napo leon to the Legislative Body determined the Pontifical Court to renew the demand for evacua tion which it made two years ago at Bologna, and it at once charged the Ministers of France and Austria to make known to their governments that since that period it has tolerated, but not approved of their occupation. This communication was immediately transmitted to Paris and Vienna. The demand for evacuation was to be followed by a memorandum to all the powers of Europe, in which the demand would, it was said, be clearly set forth The Gazette the Midi observes : This com munication, to our great surprise, affirms that the Pope has taken the lead in the demand for evacua tion, and offers to realise it immediately. But what means will he replace the assistance of France and Austria, and supply the deficiency of his army, which only amounts to 15,000 men for a state of three millions and a half of inhabitants ? That is an enigma which appears difficult of solution." The Paris correspondent of the Independance .0f Brussels asserts that the Emperor, at the last court ball, spoke to the • diplomatists present in terms which announced that political matters had hard, on a entered more tranquil stage. On the other • .d, the accounts from the French provinces, and Particularly from Marseilles, speak of the armaments going on with the same v i gour. A letter from that city, init dated Friday, says that the accumulation of stores and provisions for the army is greater military present than during, any period of the war in Crimea.. The ex tensive warehouses at the p ort of the Joliete are crammed with military stores • in the bake houses they are making biscuitsand night and day. A detachment of 350 men from the garrison of Arles embarked at Marseilles on Wednesday last for' Civita Vecchia, whence th ey p Rome. The writer adds, that he is informed to ormed that in consequence of recent experiments made at Lorient, as well as at Vincennes, the upper tier of guns in all French ships of war are to be rifled. A letter from Jassy, of the 14th in s t., i n the Vienna Gazet te, sa y s :—" The financial situation renders either a loan or an increase of taxes necessary. The Assembly r has declared in favour Th of the latter course. e Minister of Finance proposed an increase o f five p er cent. on the pre sent taxation. At first the measure was sharply opposed, but when confidential explanations were offered, it was admitted unanimously. The pro duce of the tax wil be applied to the increase of the army." The Continental correspondence is not calcu lated to sustain the pacific hopes which have pre vailed since the announcement of. Lord Cowley's mission. The Paris correspondent of the Herald says, there has been no suspension of the formid able military preparations now going on in every part of France. On the very day that Lord Cowley's mission was notified, all the colonels of the. Artillery regiments at Paris, received notice that every regiment was to be augmented by two batteries, each of six guns. There are twenty regiments of Artillery, besides the crack artillery corps of the Imperial Guard. The gloom which the first tidings of Lord Cowley's pacific mission had partially dispelled, has returned with greater intensity than before. The general impression in Paris is, that Lord Cowley has gone to Vienna solely to enlighten Austria as to the de termination of France to go to war on the smallest semblance of a pretext. The Paris correspondent of the Times writes much in the same strain. At Marseilles the circulation of military stores and provisions for the army is greater than during any period of the Crimean war. They are making biscuits night and day. The accounts from other parts of France speak of the armaments going on with the same vigour. The Vienna correspondent of the Times states that the political excitement in Germany increases from day to day, and the governments find it impossible to prevent popular demonstrations against France, or rather against the Emperor. According to the Times correspondent, the number of young men enrolled from Lombardy is estimated at from 1,300 to 1,500. A telegraphic despatch from Dresden, dated Saturday, announces the arrival of Lord and Lady Cowley at that place, on Friday night, and would start at noon on Saturday for Vienna. A subse quent telegram announces that his Lordship had arrived at Vienna. The half-yearly meeting of the Birkenhead and Chester Railway was held on Saturday, Mr. E. G. Salisbury, "M.P. presided as chairman, for the first time. The report was adopted, but an amendment upon the proposed . dividend (21 per cent. per annum), was carried, reducing the dividend to 2 per cent. The chairman, and other directors, approved of the amendment. The directors sub mitted a draft of a bill to be introduced this session, for a railroad from Hooton to Helsby, with branches to Ellesmere Port and Tranmere Pool. The bill was opposed by several members, who urged that it ought to be postponed for the present ; but it was carried by a large majority. In the course of his opening remarks, the chair man endeavoured to fix the old charge of breach of faith upon the Mersey Dock Board, in applying to Parliament this session. At the Police court, on Saturday, two or three cases of a novel discription were heard. In the, first place, a pawnbroker, who had lent £25 to' a car owner, on a cab, was charged by the owner for stealing it. The pawnbroker, after lending the money, got the cab put into better repair, and left it in a place of safety, in great Howard-street. The owner was sneaking about the place, evidently with the intent of laying hands on it, if he could, without paying the pledge. The pawnbroker, to prevent this, removed the vehicle, whereon the owner actually gave him into custody on a charge of stealing it. Of course, the trick was at once seen through, and the pawnbroker was discharged. In another case, a licensed shipping master, named Kelly, was charged for having knowingly shipped more men than were required on board an American vessel, with the view, as alleged of cheating sailors by getting their advance notes, and charging them 22s each also, for having shipped them. There was a prima facie case for a remand made out, and he was let out on bail to appear again this day. gmtuutrriat Sates. THIS DAY MU Di r, the 28th instant, at Twelve o'clock, at 2, Dale-street, &bout 92 Dozen Bottles Mango CHUTNEY, „ PICKLES, Curry POWDER, 23 Bottles Sliced Mango FRUIT. BROWNE, HUNTER, and Co., Brokers TELLS DAY, the 28th instant, at Twelve o'clock, in the Commercial Saleroom, 800 Cases Valentia ORANGES, ex Turia (s.s.), 890 i-Chests Fianna ORANGES, ex Memento, 500 Cases Messina LEMONS, ex Adelaide, 300 Bags Turkey NUTS, 100 „ Bilboa CHESNUTS, 100 „ Para NUTS, 100 Boxes Old Turkey FIGS. GEORGE BADENACH and SON, Brokers MORROW To-moattow, the Ist March, at Twelve o'clock, at 2, Dale-street, 300 Bags LINSEED, 1,100 „ RAPESEED, 500 „ MUSTAItDSEED. BROWNE, HUNTER, and Co., Brokers WEDNESDAY Apply to On WEDNESDAY next, the 2nd March, at One o'clock, at the Brokers' Office, 2, Dale-street, 30 Bales Surat COTTON, m Tiger, from Bombay. —Apply to BROWNE, HUNTER, and Co., Cotton Brokers. On WEDNESDAY next, the 2ud March, at One o'clock, at the Brokers' Office, 7, Exchange-buildings, About 27 Bales low Surat COTTON; all faults. F,>r further particulars, apply to HAYWOOD and McVICCAR. ABNER STETSON, FROM NEW ORLEANS. G. A. 1 to 3 • , • A. L. 1 to 22 ( 100 Bales COTTON, B. M. I to 37 P. R. 1 to 33 shipped per above ship by Mr. D. E. Platenius, of New Orleans Consignees of above Cotton lre hereby informed that the same has been warehoused, and will, unless claimed within Fourteex days from date, be sold to defray freight and other charges.— Anolv to BAKER, BARRON and Co., 52, Tower-buildings East. .19th February, 1859, en 24*. JAMES BANKS, CASTLE-BUILDINGS, DERBY-SQUARE, LIVERPOOL. Black, Bright, and Galvanised ; TELEGRAPH WIRE and SIGNAL CORD, FENCING WIRI Wholesale and for Exportatiol • J. R. CAMERON, CHRONOMETER MANUFACTURER AND OPTICIAN, 54, SOUTH CASTLE-STREET, LIVERPOOL. MARINE CHRONOMETERS ON SALE OR HIRE. GOLD and SILVER WATCHES, SEXTANTS, QUADRANTS, BAROMETERS, TELESCOPES, 4c CHARTS FROM LATEST SURVEYS. ILTISTORY OF THE WORKING CLASSES, F.very Saturday, in the NORTHERN DAILY TIMES, Pric- WARM WINTER CLOTHING, T HE GENTLEMAN'S OUTFITTING WAREHOUSES, 26, BOLD-STREET. P. L. JIACTAQGART. 24 AND INVERNESS WRAPPERS. OVER COATS. DRESSING GOWNS. DRAWERS AND VESTS. FANCY FLANNEL SHIRTS, RAILWAY RUGS AND PLAIDS. MUFFLERS AND SCARFS. • FLANNELS AND BLANKETS. B OYS' WINTER CLOTHING Apply to Apply to THE g3a - raE [or , MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1859 cheapened. Again, it is a duty that impedes com merce. Not only does it place us at the mercy of any foreign country that undertakes to compete with us in supplying paper to the rest of the world, for no country except our own has a duty upon paper,—but as it is an article which is most extensively used for wrapping, it constitutes often an important part of the cost attending the export of various kinds of goods—there being no drawback upon it allowed when thus appopriated. Still more injuriously does it operate to the public interests, by obstructing education. With great truth is it remarked, that " the education of the present day consists, Whether for good or evil, almost "entirely in impressing on the mind something that is printed." And, of course, in the cost of printed matter, whet her solid or ephemeral, the price of paper is an important item, and is very much enhanced by the duty. Let one single fact be adduced to shew how it operates as a positive tax upon education,—" The amount of taxation annually spent on education is now approaching a million, and that portion of the Paper Duty which is a tax on literature probably amounts to about £400,000." A considerable way towards half the amount, then, of what is granted out of the public revenue for the education of the people, has thus to be thrown away in the shape of a Tax upon Paper ! Moreover it is evident that the Tax is injurious by impeding production, hindering the profitable investment of capital, and the employ ment of labour. The reduction of the duty one half, some years since, caused an increase in the production of paper, in England of 123 per cent., in Ireland of 192 per Cent., and in Scotland' of 240 per cent.,—from which one may form some faint idea of what the increase would have been had the whole duty been taken off. Now surely a Tax that operates injuriously, as the . Tax on Paper evidently does, in such a variety of Ways, ought not on any consideration to be continued. There is no defence of it whatever, of course, except that it is still wanted for revenue. But this, under the circumstances, is a worthless reason ; and had it been given way .to on other occa sions, we should have been debarred of many of those fiscal and financial improvements which have taken place during the last twenty years, and have done so much to promote the • substantial interests of the people. If the maintenance of the . Tax be impolitic, as the House of Commons has declared it to be—a declaration in which the present Chan cellor of the Exchequer himself joined, be it re membered—then ought it of necessity to be at once repealed ; and, if. the Amount cannot really be spared at present, some substitute must be found for it. Whether or not Ministers will pro pose such an arrangement, we shall soon know now. But if they do not, it will be for the House to take the matter into its own hands, and no longer delay to give practical effect to its own recorded Resolution. Colony, as he shows, that there is really, and most ' deplorably, a " degraded and oppressed condition of the lower or working classes generally, agricul tural and lumbering of this Province." Our cor respondent is one who, as an English settler' and a gentleman of liberal English education and extensive information on the state of his native country, is eminently qualified to make a correct comparison as to the conditions of the same classes, respectively, here and there. And he declares of the Colony of New Brunswick, where he now is,— " In these country districts I know the state4f the agricultural portion intimately, from being closely connected with it ; I know, too, the state, the endurance, and the many vicious customs and usages—the outrages upon, and sufferings of, the lumbering community, both from neighbourhood and from the knowledge derived in a magisterial capacity; arid Ido not hesitate to say, that there is much more oppression, and at times, much more privation among the labouring classes of this province, than among those of a similar class in Britain." There is still another great delusion which our correspondent has exposed. Colonial reform, as it was called, has been carried out to a great extent. in New Brunswick ; and the English working classes are sought to'be beguiled with the idea that: their political and moral, no less than their physical and social condition, will be infinitely improved by emigrating thither. But see what is the stern reality of the case. "As to the political position of the population," says our correspon dent, " it is not bettered by any of the so-called privileges of the franehise for parliamentary or municipal electioneering. The same acts of bribery and corrupt voting prevail here as elsewhere—the same corruption—and more inca pacity." And so sensible, it would appear, are the people becoming of the unhappy mistake that has been committed, that "while I write," he adds, "petitions, in preparation for the approaching session of our local parliament, are in progress, actually praying for a return to those old forms and institutions among us," which self-interested politicians not very long since succeeded in destroying ! There is an ancient apothegm which says, "Truth is established by investigation and delay: falsehood prospers by precipitancy." And the case of New Brunswick affords a practical illustra tion of this. Falsehood has indeed prospered by precipitancy there ; but it is to be a short-lived prosperity, it is already evident. In the mean time, however, it is most important that the falsehood should be exposed, if only for the protection of such of our working classes as might be imposed upon by it, to the serious detriment of themselves and their families. Despatches were sent off on Saturday evening to the Governor of Malta. Major-General the Hon. Sir Edward Cast will succeed Lieutenant-General Bouchier in the Colonelcy of the 3rd Dragoon Guards. Despatchei were ieceived at the Colonial Office this 'morning from the Governors of Labuan, Ceylon, Hong Kong, and the Mauritius. Major-General Charles Havelock, the brother of the late Sir Henry, has, we (United Service Gazette) hear, been appointed Chief of the Constabulary of Lancashire. THE GOVERNMENT REFORM BILL.—A Cabinet Council was held at the official residence of the Chancellor of the Exchequer on Saturday afternoon, at which, it is believed, it was determined that at the meeting of the House of Commons to night, the Chancellor of the Exchequer should move "To postpone the orders of the day till after the notice of motion on the representation of the p3ople," THE TAX ON PAPER The Tax on Paper : The Case Stated for an Immediate Repeal, is the title of a pamphlet just published under the direction of the Committee of the Newspaper and Periodical Press Association for obtaining the Repeal of the Paper Duty ; and it does indeed make out a for that repeal, such as probably was never made out before for any single tax, involving, as it is shewn to do, such a Variety and extent of evil inguences in its opera tion. No one after reading such a statement of the case can ever think of the Tax upon Paper, one would think, but with abhorrence. Its very origin was abominable. Those in authority at the time were afraid alike of the spread of intelligence among the people, by means of the Press, and of its animadversions on their public conduct. And "this had to be put down, not by submitting each case to a legal tribunal, but by some process in which the legality of what was said should not be brought into evidence, and by which truth and falsehood might be put on a level." A tax was therefore imposed , on newspapers, and on adver tisements, and on paper. Then, as it is shewn, " the Paper Duty was considered merely as a link in the chain of the taxes on knowledge." And as a proof that the Legislature deemed it such, a clause of one of the Acts imposing it provided that "there be a drawback of the duty on paper used in the two Universities in the printing of books in the Latin, Greek, Oriental, and Northern lan guages,"—books of which, as the people generally did not understand, and therefore could not read them, they were not afraid to allow the publication scot-free. Of course such a tax must operate as an obstruction to the dissemination of knowledge much more extensively now than it did at that time of day, owing to the increase of educa tion among the people. So that it is really a greater grievance now than it could possibly be when its avowed object was to oppress, if not utterly to crush the Press. But to glance again,—for we have done so more than once before, only it is important to keep reiterating the exposure of such evils in seeking for their removal,—to glance again at some of the injurious effects of the Tax on Paper. It really destroys the revenue, instead of augmenting it. The exchequer, upon the whole, is injured rather than benefitted by it. The price of the article taxed—being the kind of article that it is—" is enhanced at least two-thirds the amount of the tax, and the power of the consumer to purchase other taxed articles is proportionably diminished." This is justly argued from the fact, that a large increase of revenue has actually been effected by the judicious repeal of direct taxes. Then it inter feres with the process of manufacture. Its prac tical operation is to impede all improvement. A rigid rule is required to be observed, just for the purpose of securing the full amount of duty, with out any regard whatever to the injury that results from its obstructing superior processes of manufac ture. One manufacturer has testified, "It costs me in labour alone to help to charge myself with the duty on paper the sum of £lOO per annum." As to the introduction of any new material, however beneficial it might be, as to economy, or in augmenting the supply, it is discouraged, not to say prohibited, for this very sufficient reason— that the product must pay the same duty per pound as the higher priced paper. There is no doubt that if the duty were abolished, new and cheaper materials would soon be found, and the manufac ture of paper be thereby vastly increased and COLONIAL DELUSIONS Wz are afraid that there are Colonial delusions issuing from too many of the British provinces, both in America and elsewhere, just now ; and a letter we published a few days since, from New Brunswick, testified strongly to the grievous mistake which our labouring population must make who, under such an influence, go out as emigrants there, in the hope, which is the life and soul of all emigration, of bettering their present condition, and making some more certain provision than they find, or think, they can do at home, for their families for the future. It is unquestionably a worthy motive, and we should be sorry to say a single word in discouragement of such emigration, only let it be to places where the industrious man will have some chance of finding it to his advan tage. But it is evident that our Colony of New Brunswick is not at present one of such places. Somebody, it seems, has been writing home, and getting published, accounts of the desirable oppor tunities it is pretended that the Colony presents for the English labourer—how sure he is to improve his condition, and that of his family, by removing thither. But the correspondent whose letter has appeared in our columns, who wrote from the very spot, who is a gentleman living upon and culti vating his own estate, and one possessing the best means of being correctly informed, and whom we ourselves know to be of the highest respectability and trustworthiness in every respect, gives a flat contradiction to the statement in question. The great delusion of all appears to be; as to the wages that can actually be realised. The amount seems large, and the temptation therefore is great ; be cause it is of course taken for granted that the promised wage is a reality, as it is in this country, instead of its being, as too often it is, a most cruel take-in " The present promised race of wages in the woods," says our reliable correspondent, "is from £2 10s to £3 lOs currency per week, and be it known to all English labourers, that this wage is not paid by the week, or even by the month, but may, or may not, be received even in May or June, when those labourers are professed to be settled with by their employers. No ! They are almost invariably compelled by their necessi ties, and by the dread of being finally cheated out of their hard earnings, to take out their pay from lumber stores, or orders in provisions or clothing for their families, at enormously enhanced prices; and for this sad state of flings, in the present state of the lumber sy stem, there appears to be no remedy, since those who make the laws in the House of Assembly are, as the majority, mostly large lumber-men themselves, or intimately con nected with the lumber system." So that instead of the poor hard-toiling labourer or workman getting the sum he was promised, and no doubt would fairly earn, he may possibly not realise a fourth of it, even after a delay which may have subjected him and his family to great privation and suffering. It can be no improvement, there fore, but, on the contrary, a very decided deterio ration of the condition of the English labourer , emigrating to New Brunswick, and entering upon such a state of life, tempted thereto by the false allurement of nominal high wages for his toil, which turn out, as our correspondent has described, to be a most heartless and mischievous d elusion. And hence it has come to pass, in that LOCAL INTELLIGENCE. FOUND DROWNED.—On Saturday, a man named Wil liam Ramsay, who was a watchman on board a ship, was found drowned in one of the docks. SUICIDE ON SATURDAY.—A woman named Hannah White, strangled herself by means of a pocket handkerchief. She had been confined in bridewell for stealing a ring and other articles, and while there confined the suicide was committed. An inquest will be held on the body to -day. _ - NARROW ESCAPE ruom DROWNING.—On Saturdayfore noon a boy, named John Miller, about fourteen tears of age, accidentally fell into the Huskisson dock, and, but for the timely aid rendered by David Mearns, fore man to D. and C. Maaver, would have met with a watery grave. Great praise is due to him. THE BODY OF A MAN FOUND DROWNED. —The bOdy of a man whose name is as yet unknown, was taken to the dead house yesterday morning, having: been picked up in the Salisbury-dock. It was ascertained that deceased was cook on board the ship Black Eagle, which is at resent lying in the dock where the body was found. An inquest will be held to-day. DARING ROBBERY.—A robbery, one perhaps of the most desperate and determined that has been attempted in Liverpool for some years, took place on the premises of Mr. Charles Wells, an extensive jeweller, of Bold street, on Saturday evening. About seven o'clock, a desperate looking man came up to the shop, and with a large stone smashed the centre square of glass, devoted to gold watches. The smash giving alarm, a sharp chase ensued, and the thief was captuted, and handed over to the police. SOUTHERN llosPlTAL.—Weekly Report.—Admitted : Accidents and urgent cases, 48 ; medical and surgical cases upon recommendation, 14 ; total, 62. Discharged: Cured, 3 ; relieved, 5 ; irregular, 0 ; died, 2 ; total, 10. Attending as out-patients, 35. Remaining in the hospi tal, 61. • Treasurer : James Houghton, Esq. Visitors : W. Mountfield, Esq., and S. Hindly, Esq. Honorary chaplain : Rev. W. Leveson. Physician and surgeon for the ensuing week : Dr. Cameron and Mr. Higginson. House surgeons : Mr. John M. Bateson and Mr. C. Pemberton. ACCIDENTS.—On Saturday, a man, named William Fitzgerald, residing in Haigh-street, Everton, fell into the hold of the ship Truth, at which he was employed. lie was taken up and conveyed to the Northern Hospital where it was found that he had sustained a severe scalp wound, and several contusions over his body. A woman, named Mary Brown, residing at 14 court, Crosshall-street, was taken to the same institution yesterday, having in a drunken fit, taken the liberty to smash the windows of a neighbour, by which her hand was badly cut. HENOLER'S CIRQUE.—Our worthy chief magistrate, William Preston, Esq., again favoured this establish ment with his presence, at the day representation, on Saturday last ; upwards of 700 children from St. Anne's National School, and St. John's School also attended. Thursday next, March 3rd, is devoted to the benefit of our favourite English horseman, William Powell ; few who have seen impersonation of " Shaw, the guardsman," or " The Courier of St. Petersburgh," but must testify to his great skill as a rider. We trust his benefit will prove a bumper. MR. AND MRS. SCA.RISBRICK'S CONCERTS.—Mr. and Mrs. Scarisbrick's concerts take place at two o'clock in the afternoon, and at eight o'clock in the evening, of this day. We have given an account of the programme of the morning concert, which promises an entertainment of first-rate character. At the evening concert, Madame Viardot Garcia will sing what Meyerheer calls an arioso —something between an air and recitative—Alt ! mon fits, a piece of musical expression, from the opera " La Prophete," which is probably her greatest effort. She will also sing two English songs,. " The Wreck of the Hesperus," by Hatton, and "Kathleen Mavourneen," by Crouch, as well as in concerted pieces, which our space will not allow us to enumerate. COMMITTAL OF A MOTHER ON A. CHARGE OF MURDER, —On Saturday, Jane Anderson alias Henson, was cam- before Mr. Mansfield, from ti. to Police Court, on a of the water committee. X. The Prooiedillgs4, u re e sr°eitiportwitted ' to which she had and reports of the baths' committee. XI. arts. charge of having murdered her chil‘l , The details of the select committee on the width o f carclE recently given birth in the Workhouse, wh ci the woman Account of expenses to be reimbursed to the V I II, this case were published a few days ago, was originally brought up. She was then a: landed, as under the "Registration of Voters' Act. ,ee, from coroner's account, amounting to £3O 3 s• r ial the child was not dead at the time, but it died site: she mayor's communications, comprising — l .• g _ e : in a l l ° boalb °l the ill-treatment of the prisoner, and on this churg: t ,'‘e inhabitants of Williamson-square and no? ve bicle s was committed. We also published the report of case at the Coroner's Court, when the inquest was held. as to the obstru c ti on to foot passengers anu, Lncrunn AT BIRKENHEAD.—Professor Allen delivered ,3t. John's-lane, Roe-street, and the neiglor sot!, his interesting and instructive lecture on the " History, the London and North Western Rai1 w ,. 4 41 Chi c haracteristics, and probable destiny of the African race," 2. Memorial from the Liverpool Festy for t he , to a highly respectable, though, we regret to say, not ,society, relative to the extra charge of Xi_ ces , very . numerous audience, in Birkenhead, on Friday of St. George's Hall, for musical perform:7%h 00! evening . . Rev. Dr. Baylee occupied the chair. At the evening. givene following motions, of_ s r ` r , conclusion of the lecture a vote of thanks was moved to have been : —l. By Mr. Farnworth : ,c t tO i the lecturer, and also to the chairman, who, in acksow- the following resolution of the Council, Pas; e tes to, ledging the vote, expressed the deep interest he felt in meetirsg on 'the 2nd instant, so far as r e l he Professor Allen's able and eloquent address, and hoped appointraerit of a general superintendent of the part the Professor would favour them with another lecture, viz. :—" That a general superintendent of ail i'_„, l o o when, he was sure, a much fuller attendance might be' be appointed, at a salary not exceeding £3O O Pr, obtained. 2. By Mr. John. Aikin : To' rescind so inucli t v „,. , LIVERPOOL BOROUGH SzasioNs.—On Saturday, the tion of the Council of the 9th of Novetnl ce oe following cases were disposed of as under :—Margaret empowers the Finance Committee to grant „a to Kelly, for stealing a silver watch and chain from William using weighing machines in the borough? ti e d ill Duff, four years' penal servitude; and Catherine Butler, that the power to grant all such licenses be with participating in the theft, and keeping an improper Watch Committee house, eight months' imprisonment. Margaret Love, for stealing a sovereign from Catherine Rigby, six months. Catherine Fletcher and William Jackson, charged with stealing a coat from Robert Smith, was discharged. Elizabeth Hefferon, for keeping an improper house, in which James Wilson lost £53, nine months. William Newell, for stealing a bale of hides from John Nicholson, was discharged. Anne Boyle and Mary May, for stealing 52 yards of cotton print from Jonathan Roberts, five years' penal servitude each. John Hussey, for having inflicted injurisis upon John. Glen, John Shannon, and atth ew Shannon, twelve months' imprisonment. Peter Kelly, for stealing carpenters tools from W. McCulloch, four months ; James Lang, fen. stealing a watch and chain from John Stretch, six weeks ; James Phillips, for stealing a gold watch from Morath and Co., three months ; Lucy Donnelly, for stealing a watch from Michael Carleton, discharged; James Boardman, for stealing a ham from Thomas Ferguson, and a chest of tea from Elias Parry, seven years penal servitude ; Mary Powell and Margaret Williams, charged with stealing 5s 6d from Mary Parkinson, both discharged; John Benson and John Walker, seven years' penal servitude, for stealing a quantity of hardware goods belonging to several parties ; Ann Cassidy,- for stealing 14 lbs weight of cotton from Charles Wolstenholme, six months ; Anti Moore, for stealing bed-clothes and wearing apparel from John Ball, six weeks ; Edward Kearney, for stealing skittles from W. Jones and others, three months. LIFEBOATS.-•-011 Friday evening, Mr. Montague'G ore delivered a very interesting and instructive lecture on the lifeboats in use on the coasts of the united kingdom, at the Sailors' Home, Wells-street, Shadwell. There was a very largo attendance on the occasion, various models of lifeboats, transporting carriages, drawings, and a large wreck chart of the British Isles, the doleful black marks on which indicated the signs of fatal shipswrecks, were exhibited on the occasion. Mr. Gore, after alluding to the national importance of the subject to which he had to call their attention, stated that an average of 800 lives perished annually from shipwrecks on the coasts of the British Isles. Last year 1,170 wrecks .had taken . place on our shores ; but in consequence of the great exertions which the National Lifeboat Institution, local bodies, and the Board of Trade had made, the loss of life from these casualties amounted only to 343. He then explained that the principal qualities required in a lifeboat were lateral stability, speed against a heavy sea, facility for launching, self-discharge of water, the power of self righting, and strength—all which propensities were possessed by the lifeboats of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. Mr. Gore mentioned that, since the first establishment of that 'society, 10,902 lives had been saved, by its life-boats or other means, for which it had given honorary or pecuniary rewards. It also explained the nature of the life-belts worn by the crews of the boats whenever they go out either to exercise the life-boats or for the purpose of saving life, and dwelt, with great force, on the importance of improving . the life-boats on board ships, which might render such - essential service in- case of shipwreck, or of that appalling calamity, fire, on board ship at sea. Mr. Gore then alluded to various other matters relating to this important subject, and appealed to the British public at large tosecond the efforts which were now so strenuously made on our coasts to save life from shipwreck. He concluded by speaking in terms of high eulogium of the courage displayed, on many trying occasions, by the brave and daring men who manned the life-boats, and who, braving the hurricane and the peril of the sea, gallantly risked their own lives to save those of their fellow-creatures. A cordial vote of thanks having been voted to Mr. Gore for his interesting lecture, the pro ceedings terminated. TOXTETH LOCAL BOARD or HEALTH.—A meeting of the executive committee of this board was held on Saturday, at Mr. Avison's office, Cook-street. The, members present were--Mr. Edwin Hughes, in the chair ; Messrs. H. S. Alpass, S. Siddeley, - James Boult; Geo. Walker, and W. D. Smith. The minutes of the' previous meeting having been read, and other preliminary business gone through, Mr. Alpass said, the guardians of Toxteth Park objected to pay the assessment, on the ground which they occupied, pleading, as an excuse, that it has been a non-beneficial occupation. He understood that they had taken about five hundred loads of sand off the ground, and therefore it was, in some measure, beneficial occupation. He wished to have the attention of the clerk called to that fact. It was agreed to do so. Some accounts were then passed, and payment ordered, when Mr. Alpass said he had been in communi cation with some of the guardians, who were members of the building committee, and they had agreed to hold a meeting on Monday, at four o'clock, 'and -he had asked their surveyor to see what would be best to ask of the guardians. Some had proposed to throw back the cemetery . wall, which he could not see would compensate for the expense. The guardians were about to sell a portion of the land in Smith= . down-lane to the Society of friends, and it , was proposed to give a portion of ground, and take a portion, so as to make the road straight ; and he did not think they would have any difficulty with the Friends in the matter. With respect' to the building of a -fence, if it were thought necessary, they must do it themselves. A plan of the gronnd was then submitted, and the surveyor was asked what would be the cost of making the road, but he was not prepared to give an answer till he would make an estimate of the work. Mr. Alpass proposed that Mr. Boult and himself should meet the Building Com mittee on Monday. This proposition was agreed to. A small account of the surveyor, for incidental expenses was passed, and it was arranged that he should, in future, furnish monthly. The surveyor said that the back street to the houses in Parkfield-road was in a very bad condi tion -so much so that the inhabitants of. the houses were scarcely able to get their coals in. It was ascertained that the landlords of the houses were obliged to make and keep it in repair. An agreement was made to request them to do so, which Mr. Smith said he was aware they would, on being asked. Mr. Alpass recommended the Public 'Works' Loan Commissioners to memorialise for a reduction of the rate on their loan. The remaining business was purely of a routine character. Towst COUNCIL.—The Council summons for Wednes day next contains the following subjects for considera tion : —I. The proceedings, resolutions, and reports of the Finance Committee, comprising-1. Resolution of magis trates recommending that the salaries of Mr. T.M. Ander ton and Mr. Richd. Ellis, clerks in the magistrates' clerks' office, be increased from £l5O to £2OO per annum each, the consideration of which was postponed at the last monthly council,'pursuant to standing orders. 2. Recom mendation to appoint Mr. Thomas Hunter as assistant building surveyor, during the pleasure of the council, at the salary of £ll9 12s , being the amount paid to his predecessor. 3. Recommendation to appropriate, out of the surplus income of this year, a sum not exceeding £2,000, to be expended in improving the West Derby road, the same being for the public benefit of the inhabi tants, and improvement of the borough. 4. Recom mendation to accept the tender of Mr. J. H. Mullen, to erect new Bridewell and premises. according to specification, for the sum of £5,733 4s lid. 5. Report of the Surveyor as to the practicability of illuminating the clock of the Town-hall. 11. The proceedings, resolutions, and reports of the watch, lighting, fire police, fire-prevention, hackney carriage, licensing, and gas committees, comprising-1. Appoint ment of assessors of the lighting rate for the year 1859-60. 2. Proceedings preparatory to laying a fire-police rate for the same year, not exceeding one half-penny in the pound. 3. Proceedin g s preparatory to laying a watch rate for the same year. 111. The proceedings, resolutions, and reports of the health committee, comprising —l. Recommendation that Mr. John Jones be appointed assistant surveyor in the borough engineer's department for the North district, in place of Mr. Richard Blades, deceased, at the salary of £l5O per annum, the considera tion of which was postponed at the last monthly council, pursuant to the standing orders. 2. Proposed bye-law for improving the sanitary condition of courts and alleys. IV. The proceedings, resolutions, and reports of the courts of law and St. George's Hall committee. V. The proceedings, resolutions, and reports of the markets' committee. VI. The proceedings, resolutions, and reports of the education committee. VII. The proceedings, resolutions, and reports of the gaol and house of correc tion committee, VIII. The proceedings, resolutions, and reports of the gardens, library, and museum cora , mittee, IX, The proceedings, resolutions, and reports THE RATING OF THE DOC° (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) ..kce It requires little demonstration to ennT, not one that Liverpool owes her extensive trang r her being the seat of manufactures, consatorli produce or producing manufacture d ea t e ' r a ee products, but to her proximity to the grtof of the cotton and woollen manufacture,ssi# cashire and Yorkshire, the earthenware 013 shire, and the iron and coal minerals of the , ~ counties, Wales, &c. Before the open'iDe London and North Western Railway t ° - f oe it may be affirmed, with truth, that thre e 01) of the manufactures of Lancashire and exported went through Liverpool. ' e re this ? Because the only conveyances here to tt canals, and it occupied five to six clar on V,' goods from Manchester to London , and -.010 t to Liverpool ; and the carriage to Lond,n,! per t , to 60s. per ton ; Liverpool only lu: 0 5 At that time the course of business ''„ i :/0 0 vessels, after discharging their inwardie;fo London, came down to Liverpool tolnau:a .f fif i This was the case to India, China, &e./ a Q V" deal of valuable business Liverpool thns : - Now the railways have altered all th;s i c t s- 1 from Manchester go up to London tr e e hours and the carriage is only 27s „, against 9s to Liverpool, and the carrie`,,a,l; matter will find that we have, in this Per le° great portion of the tea trade, the trade: in East India hides, and several other art now centres in London. s trt l i And our ship owners have this fur ther „ 1)°,! with London, as to out-freights, that '70.1101` there are the great publishers, oil men' the makers of clothing, musical instruments' ad breweries, which export lare.,lv, most exclusively 'by London "shies, many foreign buyers will ha .ce ,,treir„ goods. Look, then, to the ee" ; ,;1) ) ,", of the banking and monetary systems '",,,tu; which attracts to that great city a teat business, and to the seat there of the ~o n Company, and all the boards of direc t ii large railway comyanies, and other export largely • and can any one hes it ' ` an te that London has great and signal a n these respects. h 1,1 g Now, let us look at another loss Whi t o h sustained' of late years from the a t t' trade in Glasgow. The wise heads of tb 6 ii iii f city have occupied themselves in dee,P a e i ° , , improving the Clyde, and now it an l ', s o l ' largest vessels to trade there, and so sil`r i nP burthen load therefor India, China, M s very goods which 20 years ago used to be through Liverpool, 6 ° ' Take next, in order of active comPe,as•ii Liverpool—the port of Hull. Rat n' to placed her as near almost in point of tial chester as Liverpool, and so she ha s ttiice at lel last few years, possession almost to aly elusion of the trade in manufacture s shire and Yorkshire 'to Germany , Russia, and many other quarters , a7 1 ,00 1 ,,' example of the direct effect upon Li f n tte," known that an enterprising firm beL, a lte,,,., to load steamers here for Hamburgh, 11 "„1 4 1 ' by a combination of the railway coniP%'oo ,s ' d Hull steamers to make that trade ru i p li , t ° ,, this sketch does not exhaust, nay , se, i n re , lo l o , t , the question of Hull competition. u e 'soliv(' now load in Bremen and Hamburgh f or l,. co°, rica, and get Manchester goods so cheltlill through Hull to these ports, that they , as with them. This is likely to c ontinn e f 'tlie h *, we state that quite the largest part ° ,111', ; 5 0 . ' sold in Liverpool for export is aettl'nev away from Hull, we think Hull 01- deserving of consideration. Fleetwood is a new port, small aaa'"„ners4 but not to be despised, so far as lheo,', draw trade from the Mersey. asg.; ship-owner who has loaded two of his Cart, foreign goods, for the Pacific, there'pree timber are constantly imported there en 51' 1 tion in Lancashire ; and we have se,e,es,, print from a house in Fleetwood, ad that he Lancashire Cotton Spinners, to s how:A 2,000 bales of cotton, can . be iniP° ll '' 5 co save about £l2O in dues and charges, with Liverpool. ,leSr• From Fleetwood a steamer is Belfast every night —with what ? Li e and passengers, which a few ye a r 5 pass exclusively through Liverpool. of t Southampton is united by a ch aire d it i 5; with the manufacturing districts, an ain O c ri to every one, that the improved ste'pritli India, China, and Australia, by the O c Ito) 4 ,1 are entered there ; there too, the c o i et e Company draws a large trade from its tai, the for the West Indies and for the Br ° SP, ti insular Company to the Mediterranealiainell Portugal, and, as the Continental ste`" art 1 from New York call there, passengersaine I are taken by them, at a loss, t ° 6- ,11 to us. It is a notable fact, that the 51 1 5 00 A ' steamers which was organised h ere tic ce e l ago, for the Brazils, has had to 0" Southampton carries on that tra ' - rival.. • le We have not forced into this 3 " bier!) . sideration of the claims of Milford, 1-spoical united by a chain of railways With4;o'4 v and which, it is said, will compete No' trades ; neither have we considerea,,s%orri have before us as to. the rising 1.,0 1 Grimsby, in a competition for s e, s pi inland export trades. Whatever t'is" be our s - s. And n lo ow, from those defective nnt e . s ; to 4) these conclusions, that if Liverpnel t i ra de d much more, if she is to extend h,, 0. 0 , she has so many rivals, s"'„„ it ' made as cheap a port for the tr' e - 1 :0'.4 , out of produce as possible. No n u „ o rrce , if the docks are rated to parochhu dues will not be raised, both upo,n,,,,rex‘fr vessels, because the revenue and l'.4era e l o rY . are already about balanced, and th e aThv ford ; is committed to a large outlay fc' r fr acl e7 , l l' meet the prospect of an expanding ',tteQo t such new works must involve a la r g e If tion to her expenditure on interest.i. nei,t derived a revenue direct from the Icioltt them be rated, but since no direct beli e f l i ef , 7 01 1 ) comes to her, nor yet to any bodY a co, / t )e but all that the docks make is sPel l ' Ae ala u ing them for.the promotion of her tra — t ben , o r t n o am th e e of p l eo .( l 3 n P i e n r o i n ty s e d o not Out?fie rates, upon the law charge for whic.% o th ic e so greatly depends. But there is d i ce this matter to be taken. You ah e i -t i oet,"til of her er citizens." to i 0 red chial burdens, indirectly, u pon 11 „ . ` 4 Li t e housed, inasmuch as all wareheiVal aud private 'warehouses, pay Par e° ore ilot the more produce warehoused, the t o op ol paid. Is it wise to endeavour tteurdenbrio produce again, by laying . a ne` c docks in which your slops la Produce you are hero to tax. air' housed ?