The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-01-28 00:00:00

f ~'• 3 ~ Z j 1 .~ ~ '~ ~ ~--1t niptriai parlOwnt. HOUSE OF LORDS.—THURSDAY. PRINCE ALBERT.. Prince Albert's naturalization bill was brought up from the commons. SPAIN The ITNrqris of LO N DONDERRY begged to ask the noble viscount if the officers in the army of Lord John Hay were parties to the Bergara convention, and if the British govern ment-were party to it. Secondly, he wished to know if the Bergrata convention was in the possession of the government, and if it was their intention to lay the convention on the table of that house ? Thirdly, he wished to know if the noble viscount had any information to lay before that house to show the satisfact on of the Spanish government and the Basque provinces ? Lord MELBOURNE'S reply was, that he would have no ob jection to produce the convention. FINANCE. The Earl of RIPON said be felt so strongly the unsitisfac.; tory state of their finances, that he did not feel himself justified in abstaining from giving her majesty's government an opportunity of enlightening the house upon that subject. What he was now about to state was not with the view of imputing blame to any persons or to any party. Their lord ships would recollect, that when the noble duke (Wellington) behind him was at the head of the treasury; certain laws were passed abolishing the system of the sinking fund, and point ing out a new and superior system, which was entitled to admiration on account of its judicious simplicity. Instead of giving a grant for the sinking fund, whatever might be the state of the finances, it directed that only such a sum would be applied in each quarter as amounted to a quarter of the bona fide surplus in each antecedent quarter. For the five Or six years following this alteration, they had at the same time the benefit of the surplus for the sinking fund, and the benefit of a considerable reduction in taxation. But there was no surplus, and not merely so, but it appeared from papers laid on the table of the house last year, that the excess of expenditure over income in the year ending the sth of April, 1838, was £1,420,00 0 , and the year ending in April, 1839, £400,000, being on the whole about £1,900,000, and, according to estimates laid before parliament last year, the expenditure would exceed the income of the government in the year about to end in April, £900,003; so that for three successive years there was a clear, avowed, and unmitigated excess of expenditure over income, and he thought there were no grounds for supposing they would be able to extricate them selves from that perilous system. He found that the excess e e-enenditure for the present year, as it was estimated •,. P.S he had already said, ,f.. 3,200,000 over eie • . • ~+ me xpended in the year 1830. lle would attention to what had occasioned a very it. £600,000 or £700,000 had been - 2, , iioas made to the public debt within • :1,, t addition was made partly by the • , t , !- and partly from the operations :11,t great measure of the emancipation of the nejoes took place at an expense of twenty millions of money. He (the Earl of Ripon) was a party to that measure, and if it was to be done over again, he would meet willingly become a party to it, because he considered it a wise, a politic, and a humane act ; and, moreover, he believed the question was in such a state that the act was one of inevitable necessity.— (Hear.) Now of the £3,200,600 excessive expenditure since the year 1836, a very considerable portion had been occa sioned by an augmentation of the expense of the army, the navy, and the ordnance, and he should like to ask any one who thought he could look forward beyond the present moment, to stand up and demonstrate that there was any reason to think that they could curtail any one of:these ex penses. (Hear, hear.) There was nothing in this which could enable them to reduce their army. No country had such an immensity of foreign possessions as we had, but throughout the whole, could any man put his hand upon one and 'say that there was too much garrison force. On the contrary, he believed that many of them were too weak. Then, with respect to ..the navy. Great com plaints had been made last year respecting the proceedings of the admiralty, which were positively denied by that depart ment, and it was said that shops were building, stores being laid in, and ships being put in commission, but all naturally leading to an increased expense, and the government com plained of the great difficulty they had in inducing the other house of parliament to grant them sums of money for the purpose. He believed that those complaints were well founded, and that similar complaints might be made byevery e over nment that had been in o ffi ce since the peace. In the 6 midst of all this there was another question calculated to pro deco in its consequences great alarm as respected the revenue. ided to the new post-office regulations, and whatever their probability of ultimate success, he would ex cenvictioe that it was a most ill-timed experiment, here anything in the state of our finances to war an eveerirr.at, in the absence of any plan to meet tits • -,ey. The papers he had to move for were fleet a: tilt; net income for the last five years; the 1 , 0 debt for the same pertod ; and the re -, • ;-'1 respect to the reduction of •the debt. . • 7 'e ,ntirely - agreed, that it was not a • - inancial affairs to have a clear ad . . r• :her thought that when the de va = tett small, it was not wise to burden the country cvitu aly extraordinary exactions, but to trust to its natural resources. His noble friend stated that the deficiency arose, got so much from any falling off in the revenue—not by any failure in the productive power of the country, but from temporary causes from which the country might still recover. Still it was not to be denied that the expenses of the country had been long growing in a great degree, and he did not fairly see any probability of any government being able greatly to diminish the expenses either of the military or the naval ports of the country. They have increased very much since the year 1816, at which time they were very low ; but it could not be denied that there have been growing difficulties to account for the increase. The noble lord had dwelt upon the I .4. that was likely to accrue to the revenue in conse quence of the bill which had been passed last session of par for I.e,itteing the duties of postage. A large defi cieue; of the revenue had on all hands been anticipated as a conorweace of the adoption of that measure. He felt fully confiLnt, however, that the energies of the country—that t 4 p ttnot-;.), of the House of Commons and of its consti teeneies—that a due regard to the fidelity of contracts, the honour of the country, and her station among nations, would he amply sutfic'ent to induce them to meet the financial dif ficulties of the reentry, boldly and firmly, in such a manner as should be suited to the occasion. With respect to any deficiency that in. arise by the adoption of that measure for which they had di.tiactfy Rod expressly pledged them selves. he could not think that the noble lord had doneother than his duty in calling thus early in the session the fatten:- tion of their lordships to a matter of such importance. He perfectly admitted the reasoning of the noble lord. 'The motion was then agreed to ; and, after the presenta tion of a few petitions, the house adjourned. t HOUSE OF COMMONS.—THURSDAY. There being only 36 members present at four o'clock, the Sp-aker adjourned the house till Friday. HOUSE OF LORDS.-FRIDAY. The royal assent was given by commission to the bill for exhibiting a bill in this present parliament for naturalising Prince Albert; and in a subsequent part of the sitting the Lord Chancellor presented Prince Albert's Naturalisation Bill, which was read a first time. Lord DUNCANNON, by command of her Majesty, present ed further papers on the subject of Canada. The Bishop of EXETER, agreeably to notice, presented a petition from Birmingham, with upwards of 4,000 signatures, on the subject of the alarming progress of socialism. His lordship described its character, and the dangerous tendency, to injure religion, of the principles of socialism ; and dis tasteful as it was to him to have to bring forward such a subject, -he hoped that their lordships would direct the fullest inquiry into it. Lord BROUGHAM afterwards presented four petitions from " Rational Religionists, vulgarly called Socialists," signed by. Owen and other officers of the society, and from three other societies, praying for inquiry into their. principles. The Bishop of EXETTR observed that he rejoiced in the nt ,, entation of those petitions, as he thought now inquiry ' not be resisted by the government. His lordship gave t , t en Friday next he should ask Lord Normanby office of registrar of births, marriages, and r.; ,ijourned till Monday. . • COMAIONS.—FErnar. , acquainted the house that the sergeant-at a-; a cobh-dunication of importance to make. .The Sergeant -at-Arms thereupon stated at the bar, that he was on Thursday evening, at six o'clock, served with a writ of habeas corpus, whereby the Court of Queen's Bench 7 commanded him to.produce the bodies of the sheriffs ; and be now asked the direction of the house as to the course he should pursue. The Arroitsv, - -GiNER AL moved, after a long speech, in • which he cited precedents that he contended applied to the present case, that the sergeant-at-arms be instructed to make a return on the writ " that he held the bodies "of the Sheriffs of London and Middlesex under a warrant of the House of Commons, signed by the Speaker, for contempt and breach of the privileges of that house." He apprehended that, upon such return being read to the Court of Queen's Bench the judges would only direct the prisoners to be returned to the place whence they had come. If, unfortunately, a different course were adopted by their lordships, it would be for the house to consider what power the constitution gave the Com mons to vindicate their privileges. Mr. GODSON said the real question was, whether, when there was a course of justice running in the Queen's Bench, when a plaintiff had obtained a verdict and got judgment thereon, and was about to take the fruits of that verdict and judgment—in the constitution of England there was any body of men who could legally step between that plaintiff and the fruits of the verdict given in his favour. Ire grieved to ob serve that a Ministerial pap of that day termed the judges ' apd spoke of them in a sneering ".fifteen elderly gent/Mtn, • manner. He certainly thought such language ought not to he used. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL observed that he had never in . •••tfrv.! - !d anything disrespectful towards those learned persons tingilage he had made use of. He loved them as re! pected them as honourable and impartial 1:;„ :I.to .•, TEL said that the house ought to have but one the return upon the writ—to return the v,ll they had now to do ; and they ought !•-• :i .ec . the consequences of that act, or on what .ourt of Queen's Bench would decide on, brought before them, with the pri- • " • • • 'tgrend to without opposition. p-, p . 2.,c , itecl by Mr. "Ltrrox, praying that 1.1 csialitries might not be compelled to take a Roam. Catholic pro cess i ons, or suchother:proceed+ I • n r were contrary to their consciences. 1-.,titions were presented by Captain ALSAGER and Mr. CEMBLE, :praying that, with regard to the contemplated of the Queen, the " Protestant" • • marriage religion might be secured unimpaired, as established by the Bill of Rights and the Act of Settlement. Several petitions were presented on the subject of the corn laws, ez.c. • Sir J. Y. BULLER stated that the terms of the motion Which he purposed su bmitting on Tuesday wouldbe—"That her Majestv's• Government, as at present constituted, did not possess the confidence of the house language that was greeted with immense cheering. -,ir. P. T&ENcx intimated, that on Tuesday he should the restoration of the wax candles for the illumination I;o,t,„‘nd the rejection of the Bude lights ! ":\lr. CRAWFORD said that on Monday he should move an acHte3s for all papers, despatches, &c., relative to the late proceedin4s in China. • Mr. LABorentae gave notice, that on Monday he would in we that the house resolve itself into a committee to con sider so much of the 9th George IV., cap. O. " „ as regarded the importation i n t o I re l an d o f w h ea t and flour. • Lord MORPETTI gave notice, that on l‘londay he would move for leave to bring in a bill to amend municipal corpora tions in Ireland. Mr. ELLts stated, that on- Monday he should move for copies of all the corresponce and documents that bad passed between the British resident at the factory at Canton and the Chinese authorities. Mr. BAINES asked whether it was the intention of the Government to introduce any measure regarding the regulat ing of factories during the present session ? Mr. LABOUCHERE said that it was the intention of the Under -Secretary for the Home Department to introduce Such a measure. Mr. FRENCH said that on Monday he should move for the reappointment of the committee to consider the state of the medical profelon. Sir R. BA.TESON asked whether it was intended to intro digs any gripfirept measure on the subject of stesta : boats, sQ ►~~ '~ ~ YN ‘ )ffle * j. - - aslo subject them to a rid exam ination, ban as to the at.; ciency and safety of the machinery, and also as to their ge neral sea-worthiness. -- Mr. LABOUCHERE answered that the subject was one of very considerable difficulty, as well as importance, but it was the intention of her Majesty's Government shortly to lay be fore the house a proposition on the subject ; and that he hoped they should be able to legislate upon it during the present session. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER (in answer to Mr. Hume) said that it was thought that a smaller silver coinage than fourpenny pieces was not expedient. On the motion of Lord J. RUSSELL, the house resolved into a committee of supply, in which his lordship moved a resolution that it was expedient to enable her Majesty to grant £50,000. a year to Prince Albert, to date from the day of his marriage with her Majesty, and to continue during the life of the said Prince Albert. His lordship entered into de tails of the. grounds on which it was considered that such should be the amount, but premising that he should defer the further consideration of the resolution until Monday: After some conversation, the further consideration of the resolution was accordingly deferred till Monday. Some bills having been brought in, and the remaining no tices mond a a n y d . business being disposed of, the house adjourned till ECCLESIASTICAL AND UNIVERSITY INTELLI- GENCE. (From the Oxford Herald.) The Rev. John Brown, M.A. of Aberdeen}; has placed at the disposal of the President and Fellows of Queen's College, Cambridge, a prize of ten guineas, to be awarded to such member of that Society (who is not of sufficient standing for the Degree of Master of Arts) as shall write the best English poem on the subject o! the approaching marriage of Her Most Gracious Majesty. The poems are to be sent privately to the President's Lodge on or before the last day of the present term. At a meeting of the Norwich Diocesan Committee, held on Wednesday se'nnight (the Lord Bishop in the chair) the Rev. Alexander Bath Power, M.A. of Catherine Hall, Cam bridge, Curate of Keswick, Cumberland, was unanimously elected Clerical Principal of the Norwich Diocesan Training Institution. The testimonials transmitted by the rev. gen tleman were of the highest character, including letters from the Rev. Dr. Turton, Dean of Peterborough, the Rev. G. E. Corrie. Norrisian Professor of Divinity, and Dr. Southey. On Thursday last the following Degrees were conferred : MASTERS OF ARTS. Edward Sleap, Brasenose College. Rev. John Rowlands..., Queen's College. Rev. Robert Blakiston, Queen's College. Edward Woolleombe, Fellow of Balliol College. Rev. John Charles Bentley, St. John's College. BACHELOR OF ARTS. Samuel Andrew, Lincoln College. On Wednesday last, Mr. John Murray Holland, Scholar of Nev.- College, was admitted Actual Fellow of that Society. Yesterday, Mr. Frederick Naghten (Commoner of Oriel), Mr. Edward Monckton Jones, and Mr. David Barttelot Bartellot (Frost's kin), were elected and admitted Scholars of Corpds Christi College. The Rev. Alfred Hewlett, M.A. of Magdalen Hall, In cumbent of Lockwood, near Huddersfield, and formerly Cu rate of Astley, near Manchester, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. J. W. Edwards; patron, the Vicar of Leigh. The Rev. Wm. Nathaniel Tilson Marsh, B.A. of Oriel College, has been admitted, by the Lord Bishop of Worces ter, to the Incumbency of the Episcopal Chapel of St. Mary, Leamington (lately erected, endowed, and consecrated, un der the Church Building Acts) on the nomination of the Trustees of the said Chapel. On Wednesday se'nnight, Wm. Fitzherbert, Esq. (Han over-street, Hanover-square) M.A. and Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, London, was elected a Fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, on the foundation of D. Ed wards, gent. PROMOTIONS. Rev. Jas. Wm. Geldars, D.C.L. late Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, to the Rectory of Kirk Deighton, York shire, void by the death of the Rev. James Geldart. Rev. Wm. Dusautoy, Lecturer of Bideford, to be Curate of Frome Selwood, Somersetshire. Rev. Mr. Wrightson, of Campsall, near Doncaster, to the Vicarage of Hemsworth, Yorkshire, void by the death of the Rev. W. Vollans. Rev. H. W. Wright, Perpetual Curate of St. John's and St. James's, Newcastle, to be Chaplain of the Northern Asylum of the Blind and the Deaf and Dumb, at Newcastle. The Rev. C. C. Arnold, M.A. of Mellor, has been pre sented by the Rev. Dr. Whittaker to the Perpetual Curacy of Laugh°, in the parish of. Blackburn, vacant by the resig nation of the Rev. N. Whittaker, M.A. Rev. Wm. Johnson Yonge, Rector of Rockborne, Hants, to be Rural Dean of the Western Division of Fordingbridge Deanery, in the room of the late Rev. Joah Fury. On his own petition, the Rev. Augustus Langton, M.A. of Caius College, Cambridge, to the Rectory of Little Fran sham, Norfolk, vacant by the death of the" Rev. Edward Swatman. . Rev. Joseph Mayor, Rector of South Collingham, and the Rev. H. R. Harrison, Rector of Alston, are appointed Rural Deans for the Deanery of Newark. Rev. Joseph Rose, to the Perpetual Curacy of Dowland, Devonshire, vacant by the death of the Rev. Hugh Northcote. Rev. Charles Mayne, to a part of the Union of Newport, Ireland, vacant by the death of the Rev. Mr. Pennetather ; patron, the Bishop of Cashel. Rev. Peter John Watherston, M.A. of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, has been instituted, by the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, to the Vicarage of Charlton Herethorne, Somerset, vacant by the death of the Rev. John Peddle; patron for this turn, Mrs. Anna Watherston. DISPOSAL OF BISHOPRICS. In 1836 the Whigs disposed of five bishoprics, viz. : Durham - - Dr. Maltby - - Cambridge. Chichester - - Dr. Otter - - - Cambridge. Ely - - - - Dr. Allen - - - Cambridge. Lichfield - - Dr. Butler - - Cambridge. In 1831 they filled three more vacancies, as follows : Salisbury - - Dr. Denison - - Oxford. Norwich - - Dr. Stanley - - - Cambridge. Hereford - - Dr. Musgrave - . Cambridge. And in 1839 two more • . Peterborough - Dr. Davys - - - Cambridge. Lichfield - - Dr. Bowstead - - Cambridge. Eight Cambridge turns to one Oxford, taking no account of translations in favour of Cambridge men ; as Dr. Maltby from Chichester to Durham ; and Dr. Bowstead, from Sodor and Man to Lichfield • nor of the rumoured advancement of either Mr. Dawes, of Downing College, Cambridge, or of Mr. Pepys, of St. John's College, Cambridge, to the see vacated by Dr. Bowste.ad ! SMITH'S PRIZES.—The Examiners yesterday evening ad judged the first prize to Ds. Ellis, of Trinity college, Senior Wrangler ; and agreed that for the second prize Ds. Good win, of Caius college, and Ds. Woolley, of St. John's col lege, were so nearly equal that they should be subjected to re-examination on Monday next. CLARE HALL.—On Saturday last, the two silyer cups, left by Dr. Robert Green, of Tamworth, were adjudged to Hervey and Green; the first as the reward of regularity of conduct, the second of general learning. The Rev. W. C. Twiss, M.A., of Coins College, in this university, has been presented to the vicarage of Eyeworth, Bedfordshire ; patron, Lord Ongley. The Rev. Thomas Massey, 8.A., formerly of St. John's college, in this university, has been presented to the rectory ' of Hatcliffe, Lincolnshire, in the patronage of the collegiate Church of Southwell. The Rev. Henry Isaac Nicholson, formerly of Jesus col lege, in this university, has been presented to the vicarage of Great Paxton, Huntingdonshire, vacant by the death of the Rev. Isaac Nicholson ; patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. The Rev. Thomas Stoneham, M.A., formerly of St. Peter's college, in this university, son of Mr. Stoneham, of Springfield, Essex, and late minister of Wrickwardine-wood, Shropshire, has been preferred to the living of Ketley, in that county. The Rev. G. N. Turner, M.A., formerly of Jesus college, in this university, has been presented to the rectory of Ket tleborough St. Andrew, Suffolk, vacant by the death of the Rev. George Turner; patron, for this turn, the Hon. and Rev. F. Hotham. A daughter of the late Samuel Crompton, sole inventor of the " mule," is compelled to apply for parochial relief, while the family of Arkwright, who, in the first instance, merely copied an invention, or machine, ranks among the wealthiest in the kingdom.—Lancaster Guardian. VAN AMBURGII. — Mr. Van Amburgh is now entirely re covered from the effect of his accident, his long confinement under which was much less owing to the accident itself than to his having imprudently treated it too slightly at first, by ven turing out too soon. At present, however, he is evidently as much a match for the king of the forest as ever.—Pans print. LIBERALISM AT A DISCOUNT.—As one of the signs of the times, we may notice that a whig newspaper circulating in Yorkshire, which has been established nearly six years, was published the other day with only four advertisements, and two of those were announcements by the proprietors. Another whig-radical journal in Yorkshire, which has published 100 advertisements in one day, did not number 40 in its last publication. PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS.—These papers can no longer be sent under a member's frank, as hitherto. The " votes " and the other papers of the session, formerly sent free, it is calculated will cost in future, about £9 for the session, for postage, and an additional cost of about £5 will attend the transmission of the series, if they include the treasury re turns. Any parliamentary paper weighing less than 2 oz. may , be sent under a penny frank. SOClALlSM.—Petitions to Parliament, signed by nearly 400 of the most respectable merchants, bankers, and trades men of Huddersfield, including men of all sects and parties, have been forwarded to London for presentation, praying for an inquiry into the alarming and increasing state of infi delity, under the spurious name of " Socialism," which has unfortunately made too great progress among the working classes there; who, generally speaking, are the worst informed portion of the community.--Leeds Intelligencer. " TURN-OUT OF FACTORY HANDS IN STOCKPORT."— Under this b ea di ng a mos t i m p u d en t an d mendacious para graph a PPetkvs in the Morning Chronicle, stating " that be tween five hundred and six hundred hands employed in the extensive works of Thos. Marsland, Esq. the conservative member for Stockport, left their work on Friday morning last, in consequence of some attempted abatement in price." The above is a deliberate falsehood from beginning to end, and has been foisted upon the public for a base political pur pose. We can assure our readers, that our worthy represen tative has nothing whatever to do with the manufactory, hav ing long since left it ; nor were the hands out at the time we went to press this day (Thursday).—Stockport Advertiser. A CONSCIENTIOUS RESTITUTION. - -On Monday night last, Mr. Hampton, the secretary to the Bury Temperance Society, called on Mr. John Shaw, at his shop, in the Wild, and stated that he had been requested to wait upon him, and pay him five shillings, by a person who about ten years be fore had entered his garden, and stolen some fruit therefrom ; and who now, in the full conviction of the wrong he had done, wished to make that reparation. Mr. Shaw said he had a garden about the time mentioned, but he was not aware of having lost any thing in the way described : he would, how ever, accept the money, and hand it to some beneficial insti tution ; and as he knew not any more so than the temperance association, he would make a present of the five shillings to their funds. - deter A Tiii;;FarEND.—The Audience relates that a gentle. man, in 1830, found himself a loser by the revolution as a nest-egg, determined to go beyond seas to improve his fortune; but ' previously to leaving Paris deposited with a friend 30,000 f and not a single l 30,000 f., inease of the news peculation which he medi tated not succeeding. friends ; failed in his ultra-marine More than nine years passed away, when the me had been interchanged between the two days ago, determining who had expatriated himself, having days in France. He gas t° t pursuits, returned to Havre, a few his friend had left his ened take up his 30,000 f, and end his to the capital, but found that formera residence, had ruined himself, as it was sad, by gambling, had not a sou left. Full of rage and despair, he found out his residence in the Rue garret on the fifth story. in there saw his unfortunate F li r e o i d r u m s a h n e t d e aiun,t into h h e i r s e he lived d a friend, almost without clothes, a hagg ar d , he launched amid h him chest, his only piece of furniture. pon figure, t sitting on a out into the most violent reproaches, upb raided breach of trust, and threatened even to friend uttered not a word, but, slowly rising, unlocked His the chest, and, opening its lid, showed the other his iiza e oZ ) gold. As his only recompense, he begged him to give h f iiii ii : little money to buy some food. The sequel may be easily imagingd• s ) 3 ~~ -~ ~ "i CONSERVATIVE On Wednesday last, at twelve o'clock, a numerous and most respectable meeting of the Conservatives of Glasgow took place in the Trades' Hall, in reference to the motion of which Sir .1. Y. Butler has given notice in the House of Commons, expressive of want of confidence in the present Ministry. At the hour appointed to assemble, the gentle men began to pour into the Hall, and in the course of ten minutes it was nearly filled. From the very appearance of the company, we perceived at once that they were unani mous to a man, and determined, by every legal means in their power, to rid themselves and the country of the ser vices of the present most shabby rulers who have so long nauseated and disgusted their countrymen by their misdeeds, and their callous apathy to everything great and high-minded. We observed on the platform Kirkham Finlay, Esq., Michael - Rowand, Esq., Robert Monteith, Esq., James Campbell, Esq., J. T. Douglas, Esq., Archd. M`Lellan, Esq., Wm. Brown, Esq., Wm. Gray, Esq., John Bannatyne, Esq., W. Leckie Ewing, Esq., Alex. Morrison, Esq., John Pollok, Esq., John Leadhetter, Esq., and other leading Conservatives. On the motion of Mr. GRAY, the Lord Dean of Guild BROWN was called to the chair. Mr. KIRKMAN FINLAY, on rising, was received with much applause. He could assure the meeting that he felt it by no means a pleasant duty to meet in political discussion. He did hope that the state of the country would have enabled him to have continued in that private station, which so well agreed with his inclinations and befitted his age. But un happily the state of the times, and the present position of the country was so extraordinary, that he must submit to what might be considered an imperious duty—(applause) — and he hoped he should never be found wanting in the dis charge of those duties which were calculated for the good of the country. He would now read the resolution which it was his intention to propose, and conclude with a few obser vations. (The hon. gentleman then read the resolution, the essence of which is contained in the Petition which follows.) He continued—Now these were the resolutions to which he was desirous of inviting the attention of the meeting ; and of showing, in a very few. words, the imperious duty imposed upon the country by the conduct of the present Ministry, to exercise every means in their power by calling upon the House to alter their course, and remove the power from the hands of those counsellors who now surrounded the throne. (Applause.) He begged to call the attention of the meeting to the commencement of this administration. A very short time before it came into power, an individual who had filled a very prominent position in the country, and who had since been a most useful supporter of the administration, was de nounced by many of those gentlemen who now formed the cabinet, as moat dangerous person to the State— he was denound in a speech from the throne by those men who now draw their breath by his command. Now, what was the country to think of those persons who in a very brief period denounced this man as dangerous, and ought not to be trusted, and then who receive at his hands that support which gives them political exist ence? (Applause.) The next, and perhaps last ally, which the present government got themselves, was a person of a different character—a gentleman of great talent—Mr. Macauley, whom the Government were desirous to secure. Mr. Macauley, however, refused to join them, unless he had a seat in the Cabinet ; but to this there were serious objec tions on three points upon which he stood, viz., the conces sion of the ballot, the extension of the suffrage, and the shortening of the duration of Parliaments. Mr. Macauley stated distinctly he would support any one of these measures, though by the Government they were denounced as objec tionable. After a negotiation which lasted for six months, they were obliged to take Mr. M. in—they were obliged to give him a seat in the Cabinet, though he differed with them in these important points, and they took him to Windsor, from which he dated the well-known letter, wherein he stated that he would support all those measures, though it was known that he differed in them from the Ministry. Now if men of any degree of firmness had been at the head of the Administration, would they have endured that another should thus put his foot upon their necks, and openly declare that support those important points which they condemned. Now, if there had been nothing else, these causes he would hold sufficient to destroy the conffdence of the country in them ; and no one would put his finger on the page of politi cal history, and point to a government like it, or one which was supported by such mean's. (Applause.) When the leader of this administration is asked any question of public import, his answer invariably is—" I do not know, but I will inquire." (Laughter and Applause.) Now, it was well known in the practical history of this count' y that the leader of the administration should know, and be able to give in formation on every point. The meeting would he aware that when that great man William Pitt was at the head of affairs, nothing of a public nature could be carried into effect that was not dictated and governed by himself personally ; and they were aware too that so far did he carry this principle of personal superintendence, that on one occasion, a despatch regarding the affairs of the Admiralty had been prepared, and the officials were compelled to sign it, though the other parts of the sheet were covered, arid they knew not its contents. But the system' now followed -was .a far different one, when the uniform answer from the Premier was—" I do not know, but I will inquire." It was only a few weeks ago, since the Attorney-General declared that the country enjoyed a happy and almost unexampled state of tranquillity, and that his best information led him to believe that this tranquillity would not be disturbed. And although this had been stated, only a' few days had elapsed since that same Attorney-General had ap peared in another place to arraign, on a charge of high trea son, a body so numerous, that he had been obliged to get rid of many of them by granting them a pardon. (Applause.) In reference to the resolution which he (Mr. F.) had pro posed, gentlemen might ask was there any likelihood of their application being successful. Now, he would say that he could have no doubt of the success of Sir John Buller's motion, if the Members of the House' of Commons would only vote according to their honest opinions, for he knew that even amongst those who supported the present Adminis tration there was not one who would sign a paper, and declare that he possessed confidence in that Administration. (Ap plause.) All that is wanted to ensure success is that the Members would vote according to their own opinions. if this were fairly done, the present Administration would not, stand a week. But many of those gentlemen looked not to the facts of the case, nor did they follow their own honest' opinions in giving their vote. They looked only to the effect it might have on the minds of their constituents, and doing so did not vote according to the honest dictates of their judg ment. He was satisfied, therefore, that if they had the benefit of the honest votes of the Members of the House, success was certain, and Sir John Buller would not need the aid of resolutions from any quarter to ensure triumphant success. (Loud applause.) Before sitting down, he would beg leave,- in reference to the working_ of one - of those mea sures of which , Mr. Macauley was so very fond, viz., the Ballot, to read a letter which had that day been placed in his hands, from a workman who had recently settled in the United States, and which would point out what were called the blessings of Republican Government, and of the ballot. Mr. Finlay then read an extract from the letter, which stated in substance, that the mills were standing—that there was no money in the country—that during three weeks he had not received sufficient to pay his board, and that when they did buy, they were compelled to do it at the store - at 25 per cent above its value. The writer further stated that an elec tion for a Member of Congress by ballot had recently taken place, and all them in the shop had received voting tickets from their masters, which they were required to fill up and place in the ballot box according to the dictation of these masters, under the pain of instant dismissal from their situa tions ; and one of the candidates, who had reason to think that the majority at the election would not be his, had run away with the box and broken it up. (Laughter and ap plause.) Mr. Finlay sat down amid much cheering by again reading the resolutions, and stating that the gentleman who would follow him would enter with much more ability into the merits of the question. Mr. MONTEITH, younger, of Carstairs, on rising was re ceived by the hearty plaudits of the meeting. He did not know why his hon. friend who had just concluded his obser vations should have been so sure that he (Mr. M.) would enter at full length into the question regarding the merits of the present Administration, for it was only a few minutes since he had been requested, in the adjoining room, to come forward and give his assistance to the support of the resolu tion. He was at first inclined to leave the matter in the hands of the resident merchants of Glasgow—he was willing to leave it with them, that it might be divested of the recol lection of past local political matters, and that they might come forward of themselves and declare their want of confi dence in the present Government. Having been requested, however, he was quite ready to come forward and support the motion with a few observations. The first thing which must strike every one of the weakness of any administration is when the advocates of that administration come forward on all occasions, not appealing to the popularity of their mea sures, or the great and good names which compose the go vernment, or by whom they are supported—but when they make an undue use of the name of the Sovereign, and ap peal continually to the support which they receive from the Crown. (Applause.) That this has been the case with the present administration no one could deny, and reliance of this kind must be looked on with extreme suspicion, when they considered the previous character of the party. Did the present Ministry not belong to those who had been ac customed to dispraise and decry monarchical institutions—a party which now leant upon that support which they for merly considered and declared to be frail ? (Great applause.) But he could conceive that there were some quarters which possessed confidence in the present administration, and a quarter which had been to them a tower of strength. These were Daniel O'Connell and his followers—all the Ribbon. Lodges, and every member of the Romiln Catholic priest hood throughout Ireland. The advantage of this support to them lay in this, that they could point to Ireland, and say, " Behold the peace and tranquillity which now distinguishes this country, after seven centuries of turbulence, and after being the source of pain, disquiet, and alarm to every succes sive administration." All he could say was, if such a de ceitful tranquillity was to be purchased by such means—if the lip-loyalty of O'Connell was to be the condition of the existence _of the Ministry nowadays, he was sorry for his country; but he could not be sorry for Wellington and Peel, and he would submit to an eternal exclusion from office ra ther than accept of it on the terms of the misery and degra dation of the present Ministry. (Applause.) The tranquil lity of Ireland was not the tranquillity of peace—it was an armed neutrality ; and it had been declared that so soon as the present party were removed from power, it would be the signal for sending the mandate of disorder, confusion, and anarchy, by a thousand ramifications, throughout the length and breadth of the countrjr. There were, perhaps, one or two other parties who might entertain confidence in the pre sent Ministry—they had the confidence of their own wives and sisters, and of - the Bedchamber and Court ladies. (Laughter and applause.) It was certain that Lady Nor manb y and Lady Tavistock were convinced in their conscience no other administration would be sufficiently disinterested to maintain them in place ; and though there were few ladies required to go out on a change of Ministry, still they had all resolved to perish together, and the others had resolved not to share the favours of the Court, when the country had lost the service of such patriotic ladies of the Bedchamber. (Laughter.) He thought he had mentioned all those in the country who possessed confidence in the present Adminis tration ; but if they looked abroad, they might find others who were willing to grant them their support. He thought the Russian government would repose confidence in Lord Palmerston, and look upon his imbecility as the best coun terpose to the energy of the officials in Calcutta. Every nation abroad, .in fact, might have confidence in the imbe cility, ignorance, and awdwardness of the present adminis tration. There was hardly a sea which had not witnessed the disgrace of the British flag. And there was scarcely a colony which had not been stirred up to sedition. Look to Canada. It had been said for years that the French popu lation of that colon were not to be depended on ; and yet they went on with inquiries and commissions, and these in quiries would still have been-going on, had not the French men themselves, though too early, with musket and bayonet. settled the matter decisively. Look to Jamaica, in which it had been proposed to suspend the free constitution. It was opposed by Sir Robert Peel and his party, and the country had reason to rejoice that the measure was delayed, and that the opinions of a Conservative opposition in minority was followed, rather than those of the Ministers of the Crown. (Great applause.) Look to the men with whom they were connected at home. They were combined with men to whom anarchy and confusion was a godsend, and they had recently given the commission of the peace to a man whom they had afterwards to try for high treason; and who deserved to be hanged, and 'would be hanged, but for their own blundering. He considered the unfitness of the present Ministry to con sist in taeir vacillation, faithlessness, and ambiguity. It consisted in the incomprehensibility of their actions, and the perfect impossibility to declare the one month what they would do the next. Had they not abandoned measures which they had solemnly declared to be absolutely essential to the well-being of the empire ? Where was now the appro. Priation clause, and. where were the Munici palities of Ire. '~, ..sue?l S land. (LAughter and applause.) It Was notorious that these ,measures had been used for the purpose of agitating the country, and nothing gave the Ministers greater pleasure than to see them defeated. Let it not be believed that it was owing to the House of Lords that Ireland had not received the long-desired Municipalities. But everything had served the Ministry as a plea why they should not relinquish their places. Look at the manner in which they had dealt with the Church of Scotland. They had sent a commission to in quire into the religious destitution of the country ; these commissioners had sat for months—they gave in their report in fragments—these commissioners had proved to demon stration that religious destitution did exist to an appalling extent,—but when this was proved, the whole was thrown aside, and the Administration were unwilling to enter further on the subject. In short, this Admistration throughout its whole career from the first hour of its existence to the present moment—had been characterized by delay, procrastination, and deceitfulness, and by a connexion with those who ought to have been the outcasts of. every administration. It was an Administration found ed upon the Lichfield house conspiracy, and propped up by the bed-chamber plot. (Laughter and applause.) It was as Sir James Graham had truly:said, the shabbiest Ministry that ever existed. But it was not for its shabbiness alone that he dissented from it—but it was from its utter want of honesty, and from its being unable to say " Ay, ay," and " No, no," with a pure intention—(applause)—that they had been deprived of the confidence of all classes in the com munity. (Applause.) It was not alone because they knew that their supporters were of a dangerous description ; but because it was felt that in the course which they pursued they were not honest, and for this reason he would call upon them to declare their want of confidence in the present Adminis tration. (Loud applause.) And if successful, then would they have an Administration which would not rely upon the support of those who countenance social and domestic anarchy—then would they have a ministry who would dis dain to introduce the father of that detestable sect, Mr. Owen, to the Queen's presence. (Applause.) Then would they have an administration which would not hesitate to affirm that the alliance which the Queen is about to form is a Protestant alliance—(Loud and enthusiastic applause)—an omission which in former times might have been of less im portance, because the country was not then threatened with that which threatened them from Ireland. But the fact was that they dared not introduce the allusion to a Protestant alliance, drawing their breath, as they did, from O'Connell. They dared not put into the speech that the husband of the Queen was to be a Protestant Prince. Mr. Monteith con cluded by stating that, as he had been totally unprepared to discuss the political question involved in the matter, he Would conclude by simply seconding the resolution.—Mr. M. was loudly applauded. The resolution was put from the chair and carried unani mously. Mr. MUNGO CAMPBELL, in a nervous speech, in which he brought fully before the audience the national turbulence which had grown out of the encouragement of the present Administration, and the discontent and dissatisfaction with which they were regarded by all classes, moved the next resolution, to the effect that a petition be prepared and trans mitted to , the honourable representative of the county of Lanark for presentation, accompanied by an humble request that he s (Mr. Lockhart) would support its prayer. Mr. LEADBETTER, in a neat speech, seconded the motion, which, like the preceding, was unanimously carried. Mr. W. BROWN moved thanks to tha Chairman, and the meeting then broke up. The following is the petition agreed to : Unto the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland, in Parliament assembled, — The Humble Petition of the Undersigned Mer chants, Manufacturers, Bankers, and other Inhabitants of Glasgow,— Sheweth, That your Petitioners, with feelings of the most devoted loyalty to her Majesty's person, and the firmest attachment to the laws and constitution of the Empire, have long been, impressed with a belief that, under the guidance of her Ma jesty's present advisers, the best interests of the State—its tranquility at home and reputation abroad—are placed in imminent danger. That, under this conviction, your Petitioners have learnt with great satisfaction the intention of a Member of your Honourable House to call upon the House to express its want of confidence in the present Administration. That your Petitioners view the present as a fit time to de clare their serious fears for the tranquillity of the country, the safety of its public institutions, and the prosperity of the commercial and manufacturing interests of the nation. May it therefore please your Honourable House to take such steps as to your wisdom may appear proper, to induce our beloved Sovereign again to restore confi dence and prosperity to the country, by calling to her Royal Councils men in whom the nation can trust for for the protections of its institutions, and the preser vation of its dearest interests. A political conspiracy has been discovered in Russia, in which several illustrious personages were concerned, Many of them have in consequence been arrested, and placed in close confinement. LIBERAL ALLOWANCE TO A PROFESSIONAL MAN.—Mr. Charles Simpson, being the only gentleman who made a ten der for attendance, and to supply the prisoners in Stamford gaol with medicines, has been appointed to the office of sur geon for one year, at the sum of £lo.—Stamford Mercury. UNLAWFUL MARRIAGE or Coos'Ns.—By an act passed in 1835, sth and 6th William IV., all marriages of cousins, subsequent to the passing of that act, are illegal, null, and void. The issue of such marriages are considered illegiti mate; and if the father die intestate, his children are exclud ed from inheriting any of his property; or if be make a will, are_subject to .a legacy duty of 10 per cent. How will this act affect the royal marriage ? THE ANTI-CORN-LAW AGITATORS.—The shopkeepers looked down upon the class below them with a degree of pride altogether unknown in their lordships' house, Any thing more haughty, unbroken, unmitigated, proud, intole rant, and, he would add, unbearable, than the aristocratic feeling of this class towards the classes which happened to be a little its inferiors could not be conceived. This class would not form any alliance with the chartists on account of the violence of language used at their meetings. Why, at none of their meetings was language made use of which was as violent as that uttered lately by the capitalocracy at Manchester only the other.dayi when their lordships,,were denounced as." dishonest ilie t ti t !' when opinions in favour of the coin:laws - were spoked ciras - proceeding from a " want of . ibinnibb honesty;" whaverer7 landlord who used his property as,,-he etiole,was ,pra s claimed, to, the assembled thou sands as a robber. 'Nothing - so violent as this ever heard at a chartist meeting.—Lord Brougham's Speech in Parlia ment, Jan. 16. THE BREACH OF PRIVILEGE.—The following declaration, which formed part of the speech delivered by Mr. Henry Cavendish in the House of Commons in the year 1769 on Wilkes's case. appears to be precisely applicable to the pro ceedings in that House at the present juncture :—" I do, from my soul, detest and abjure, as unconstitutional and il legal, that damnable doctrine and position, that a resolution of the House of Commons can make, alter, suspend, abrogate, or annihilate the law of the land." SHARP PRACTICE.—THE IMPERIAL BANK.—The solici tors to this rather notorious establishment having obtained judgment against the endorser of a bill, were called upon by two persons, who intimated that if the bill was regularly noted or protested they were prepared to meet it, as well as the expenses. The solicitors, on this very unexpected and agreeable news, forthwith handed over the bill to one of the gentlemen, who, after an apparent close inspection of it re marked, that all appeared to be right, but having an execu tion against the bank, he would take charge of the bill. The two persons before referred to were no other than sheriff's officers. Jonathan clearly outdone. NOTES IN CIRCULATION.—In Tuesday's Gazette we have an account of the aggregate amount of the notes circulated in England and Wales by the private and joint-stock banks, and ,heir branches, for three months, from the 28th Septem ber to the 28th December. We find, on comparing this re turn with that of the preceding three months, from the 29th June to the 28th September, that the circulation of the pri vate banks has increased ,from £6,917.637 to £7,241,678, being a difference of £334,041. That the circulation of the joint-stock banks and their branches was, for the last three months, £4,170,767 against £4,167,313 in the preceding three months, showing the trifling variation of £3434 in crease. There has, therefore, been an aggregate increase of £337,495 during the last quarter, almost exclusively by the private banks. THE IRON TRADE.—The iron trade in Sweden is repre sented to be in a state of great activity and prosperity. The quantity of bar iron produced to the commencement of last November is stated at 276,000 ship pounds, and of manufac tured iron 33,600, which, added to 11,700 of the latter, and 126,700 of the former, on hand in the entrepots on the Ist of November, 1838, make a total of 448,000 ship pounds. Of this 304,896 ship pounds were exported, of which 283,505 were in the shape of bar, and 21,390 of manufactured iron. For home consumption the quantity taken of both sorts, in nearly equal proportions, was 26,605 ship pounds. There remained in entrepot, on the Ist of last November, 11,485 ship pounds of manufactured irbn, and 103,300 ship pounds of bar iron. The price of iron of ordinary sizes had not va ried during the year, having been 10 bank rixdollars the ship pound, or about 255. Iod. sterling. The ship pound is equal to about 2801 b. SOUTHWARK ELECTION.—The usual game of the whig radicals has been played in Southwark. At the last moment Mr. Curling, the professedly independent liberal candidate, retires, or has been bought off by the ministerialists, and when it is too late for a new canvas of his votes by Mr. Wal ter, carries all his strength over to Mr. Wood. It is well to mark the political honesty of Mr. Curling, worthy only of a whig manoeuvre, that the electors of the Borough may know with -whom they have to deal, in case he should have the matchless effrontery to come forward upon any future occa sion to solicit their suffrages. Now let it be borne in mind that yesterday evening it report was in -circulation that Mr. Curling had retired. ..A meeting was in consequence con vened of his friends in the Bermondsey district, at which Mr. Curling made his appearance at ten o'clock, when he ad dressed toe electors at considerable length, mainly for the purpose of denying the truth of the report that he had with drawn from the contest. So far from having resigned, the hon. gentleman said it was his intention not merely to go to the poll, but tofight the battle to the last moment, and yet, in spite of this declaration, which was most implicitly believed, the walls of the borough were placarded as early as the break of day this morning, with the announcement that Mr. Cur ling had retired from the field, and urging those electors who had promised him their support, to vote in favour of Mr. Wood. No conduct could be more barefaced and despisable than this.—Standard,. CURIOUS AFFAIR.—On Thursday evening, a gig, driven by a livery servant, stopped at the Station-house, in Maryle bone-lane, when a dashingly-dressed lady, about 40 years of age, alighted, and requested a few minutes interview with In spector Tillman, who was then upon duty, she was accordingly introduced to him, and after some preliminary remarks from her as to the importance of her visit, with a great deal of ap parent sincerity, acquainted him with the fact that she was in possession of £3OOO a-year, and that she had fully made up her mind to select one of the police force as a partner for life ; " but," added she, " you are not tall enough, and you will greatly oblige me by permitting me to have a glance at one or two others." She was politely informed that the request could not be complied with, having received which imfor mation, the lady quitted the place, and being handed into the vehicle, was driven off in the direction of Holborn, at the same time expressing her determination to visit the various Station-houses daily until she could meet with a member of the force to her mind.—London Times. LISBON, JAN. 13.—The following is the official statement of the shipments of port wines during the last year :—To Great Britain, Newfoundland, Guernsey, Jersey, 26,3291 pipes; Quebec, 1971; ports of Portugal, the Azores, and Cape de Verde Islands, 192/ ; Angola, 3391 ; the Brazils, 1,9134; the United States of America, 3,471; France, 81 ; Holland, 99k; Hamburg, Sweden, and Nor way , 464 1; Genoa and Spain, 2; Russia and Denmark , 147 ; Austria and Prussia, 61 making in all 33,172 pipes, which is about 4,300 less than last year ; but if we consider that the shipments to the Brazils, in consequence of the heavy import duties lately laid there, have been 5,000 pipes less than what they were the former year, it will appear that to other ports there is an in crease of near 700 pipes,—for instance, the shipment to Quebec is the first which has been made, and we understand it is likely to prove a good market for that sort of wine. The fact which is here evinced, independent of a diminution of near 8,000 pipes in the shipments of other wines from Lisbon, is a sufficient cause to induce this Government to lose no time in despatching its new Minister to the Court of Rio de Janeiro, in order to bring about a mutually advantageous commercial treaty. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. APPROACHING HALF-YEARLY MEETINGS OF RAILWAY. COMPANIES. We take the opportunity of offering a few suggestions to the' proprietors of railway stock, as to their proceedings on the occasion of the approaching meetings of the various com panies to which they belong. In the first place, let us advise, in all cases where it is con venient, a personal attendance. At no time has it been more desirable that the fullest information, as to the progress and prospects of these undertakings, should he elicited from their "directors. Something more than the usual no-meaning re ports—,which in most cases hitherto have been more calcu lated to mislead than to guide —some more definite and de tailed information is wanted by shareholders and the public, to enable them to form correct views as to their position;. and it is only by searching and personal inquiries that such information can be elicited. We are fully aware of the diffi culties in which those who have the management of large undertakings have been, and will be placed—of the impossi bility of their conducting such undertakingi to the satisfac tion of every individual connected with them—and of the policy of preserving, to some extent, a discretion as to the furnishing of information the publicity of which might, in their judgment, be prejudicial. At the same time, we must express our opinion, that hitherto this kind of mystery has been carried to an extreme which almost justifies suspicion that there is something to conceal, and excites an extremely uneasy feeling on the part of shareholders, who might other wise have every confidence in those to whom they have en trusted their property. There are a great many points, too, upon Which information can be much more satisfactorily conveyed by directors or engineers verbally, than otherwise —erroneous impressions, only partially entertained, which to notice in a report, would be impossible—fears and doubts, which to presuppose might be derogatory, but which a few words can set at rest ; and we firmly believe that it would be the interest of directors, who wish to stand well with their constituents, and who ) at the same time, deserve to do so, to urge as large a perSonal attendance as is practicable. Confidence, be it remembered, is very catching, and is niore easily communicated to a crowd than to an individual. Men like to see occasionally with whom they are associated—who are in the same boat with them ; and if, amongst the Crew, they recognise influential and sagacious men, ready to rely upon the zeal and ability of those who steer, they are more willing to try the voyage. We think, therefore, in the pre sent depressed state of railway property, it is especially the duty of influential and wealthy shareholders to attend, and, by their example, encourage their weaker and more despond ing brethren. Allow us, whilst urging this point, to deprecate under any circumstances, the display of angry feeling on the part of shareholders, who have, or imagine that they have, grounds of dissatisfaction. The fable of the Bundle of Faggots was never more applicable than it is at present to railway com panies. A united proprietor) , may still, in spite of past errors, recover their former, or at any rate a favourable position ; but dissension is the sure path to disappointment and ruin. Let the sources of evil be laid bare, and endea vour by well directed and combined efforts to repair them ; but, remember that where there is dissension amongst those to whom the management of great undertakings is entrusted, the public at least will have very little faith in their being well managed. Another hint let us convey to our friends. It is well known that previous to the half yearly meetings of some concerns, it is usual to get xrp a little excitement, pro or con, as may best suit the views of different parties interested. Let the public be on their guard. Let us have no more leap ing in the dark—no more groping after the heels of specu lation, and landing in the mire. It is evident that a brighter day is approaching for those who will wait prudently until dawn. Symptoms of returning confidence are daily display ing themselves in our share market, and by-and-bye, no doubt, we shall w.tness the resuscitation of many under takings whose recovery we have thought hopeless. Some thing, however, yet remains to be done. The evil principle is weakened but not eradicated, and before we place implicit confidence in the signs of returning health, let us be careful to provide against the dangers of a relapse. So far as the transactions in the market evidence at pre sent, the reaction has been healthy, having been confined to those undertakings upon which the paid up capital is suffi ciently large to be affected by the pressure of the money market. There is ample room still for improvement in these stocks, and such improvement will gradually be felt. Until this however takes place to a fair extent, the holders of stock upon which less amounts have been paid up, must be content to wait their turn, and make use of the interval in " setting their houses in order." No mere speculation—no tempo rary excitement can materially assist them. A firm dispo sition on the part of their brother proprietors to hold until better times, is all they should seek, and they must rest as sured tliat better times are not far distant. We may possibly in our next offer a few remarks upon the prospects of the market generally, in the hope of aiding our readers in forming a judgment as to their proper line of pro ceeding. Last night in the House. of Commons a conversation took place on thei -subject -the. Commission appointed to in - vestigate.and report upon the best lines of Railway to Ireland. and Scotland. In answer to a question from Sir RobErt vier the President of the-Board of Trade stated . .mbst that there was no intention on the part of-Government . to, take the lines that mightbe determinefi upon out of the hands of private Companies. Government, said the right honourabe gentleman, was only desirous of ascertaining that the best line was selected• It appears from what was stated by Mr. O'Connell, that the Report upon the Anglo-Hibernian line will be laid upon the table of the House in the course of three or four weeks.—Railway Times. PARLIAMENT PROCEEDINGS ON RAILWAYS. ARBROATH AND FORFAR RAILWAY, Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill ;to lie on the table. ' - Jan. 21.—Committee on Pitition fixed for Monday, 3rd Pebruary. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill referred to the Select Committee on Petitions for Private Bills. . CHESTER AND BIRKENHEAD RAILWAY. Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill ; to be on the table. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill referred to the Select Committee on Petitions for Private. Bills. EDINGBURGH AND GLASGOW RAILWAY. Jan 20.—Petition for Bill ; to be on the tabie. Committee on Petition fixed for Thursday, 6th February. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill referred to the Select Committee on Petitions for Private Bills. • GLASGOW, PAISLEY, KILMARNOCK, AND AYR RAILWAY. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill; referred to the Select Com mittee on Petitions for Private Bills. Committee on Petition fixed for Friday, 7th February. LANCASTER AND PRESTON RAILWAY. Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill ; to lie on the table. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill referred to the Select Committee on Petitions for Private Bills. NORTH UNION RAILWAY. Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill ; to lie on the table. Jan. 20.—Commiitee on Petition fixed for Monday, 3rd February. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill referred to the Select Committee on Petitions for. Private Bills. SHEFFIELD AND ROTHERHAM RAILWAY. Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill ; to lie on tale table. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill referred to the Select Committee on Petitions for Private Bills. TAFY VALE RAILWAY. Jan. 17.—Petition for Bill; to lie on the table. Jan. 22.—Petition for Bill referred to the Select Committee on Petitions for Private Bills. The Gloucester and Birmingham Railroad appears to be silently progressing towards completion, and the preparations for opening some portion, at least, of the line, are daily be coming more manifest. One of the new American engines has been lately upon the line, and within the lq.st few days, has made several experimental trips between Cheltenham and Tewkesbury, performing the distance of nine miles in thirteen minutes. At present, everything augurs well for the success and prosperous accomplishment of this important under taking.—Cheltenham Looker-On. IRISH RAILWAYS. On Saturday last a deputation, appointed at a meeting for the promotion of railways in Ireland, held last wek, waited upon his excellency the Lord Lieutenant at the castle, and having submitted certain resolutions to the effect that the £2,000,000, originally proposed by Lord Mor peth, should be expended in forming main lines to the North, South, and West of Ireland, as far as the money would go, it was re solved :—That as private enterprise, unaided. by the state, does not appear to be capable of securing to Ir eland the great advantages of adequate railway communication, we do re spectfully press on Government the justice and expediency of performing the work in the way best calc elated for the public good." His excellency stated to the deputation that he would forward to the Government the res olutions of the meeting, and his own favourable opinion thttreon, with all the influence he might possess. But he w: is decidedly in favour of the plan recommended by the railwa y commission ers; and there the matter rests.—Morning Herald, Jan. 25 : Dublin Correspondence. NORTH MIDLAND RAILWAY. The works in tde neighbourhood of Belper a.re rapidly pro gressing, and in several portions the men are working night and day. The permanent way is progressing v ery fast. The Derby station is driving on with all speed, a,ad the Leeds station, the letting of which has been postponod, will be let in the course of a week.—Derby Mercury. A meeting of the Directors of the Maryport: and Carlisle Railway was held at Aspatria on Saturday week, at which the first report of Mr. Blackmore, the new engine er, vas read, and from which it appeared that about seven mil es of the line will be ready for the conveyance of lime and coals in the month of April next. We were also told that a rrangements were entered into with the owners of coal-pits al mg the line, and from a calculation made it is expected thEtt full 10 per cent. upon the expended capital will be realised biy this traffic alone.— Carliise Journal. WEEKLY RETURNS OF RAILWAY T: RAFFIC. (From the Railway Magazine•) NAME. Passeu- P.mile P.m' ile Passeng. Cash. gers. pr.wk. l l p. de ,y. per day. X. X. X. Birmingham . — 12232 1081 155- South Western -- 2194 37 c 5 5 - Great Western .. — 23841 774 11 Greenwich 20633 709 187 2e4 29904 Manchester& Leeds 127 9 5 7084 525 75 1818 Birming. &Derby — 760 19i 21 York &N. Midland 1367 357 244 3.4 1 9 5 + Croydon Midland Counties 2844 27 9 4 18 25 4061 Eastern Counties 3702 529 Glasgow & Ayr.. Ulster _.— -- , ____ MANCHESTER AND LEEDS RAILW AX. [Length of line opened, 13 miles.] Traffic for the first six months of this line (excli isive of 14 Sundays, when it was closed,) commencing 4th J uly, 1839, and ending 4th January, 1840, being the day on which the government duty is made up Pasoeugers caused 346,412, averagioceach two ',third: of the whole distance opened, 13 miles; the total amount re ceived, £18,579 19s 5d ; amount of duty, .£1,417 13s 11d. , The whole line to Leeds, York, and Hull, will be open next autumn. EXCHEQUER CHAMBER, WESTMINSTER. SATURDAY. THE QUEEN V. FROST AND OTHERS. The judges met a few minutes after ten o'clock this morn ing to hear the arguments of counsel on the point of law reserved at Monmouth on the trials of Frost, Williams, and Jones, for high treason. On the judges taking their seats, , The Attorney-General applied to their lordships to deter- mine in what order the counsel were to be heard; Sir F. Pollock said he appeared for the prisoner Frost alone ; his case differed somewhat from that of the others. His learned friend Mr. Kelly appeared for the prisioner Williams, and Sir William Follett for the prisoner Jones. He (Sir F. Pollock) hoped'---most anxiously hoped, that the prisoners would not lose the benefit of their lordships hear ing two counsel. in each case, just as if each prisoner stood alone. Lord Denman.-,We understand that some arrangement las been made by the counsel on both sides. Mr. Kelly understood that their lordships had been pleased :o say that it would suit their convenience that the case of each prisoner should be taken separately. Lord Denman said that he had intimated to Sir Frederick Pollock, when that learned counsel applied to him, that in his (Lord Denman's) opinion, the best course of proceeding would be for the court to hear one counsel on behalf of each prisoner, and then, if necessary, to call on the Attorney- General to reply. The Attorney-General said he felt bound to claim, on be- half of the Crown, liberty for his learned friend, the Solicitor- General, also to address their lordships. His learned friend would be in town before the arguments could he concluded. He thought they could not refuse to hear the Solicitor-Gene ral after him. Lord Abinger—l do not think that we can object to hear more counsel than one ; but in that case it would be advis able for learned gentlemen not to repeat and follow up the same line of argument. Sir F. Pollock could assure their lordships that there was no disposition on the part of the prisoners or the counsel to prolong the discussion. He only wished impartial justice to be administered. . . ..... After some further discussion, of no interest in its details, it was arranged that Sir F. Pollock should be heard on be half of Frost, Mr. Kelly on behalf of Williams, and Sir \V Follett on behalf of Jones ; and that the Attorney-Genera] should have the right to reply to each separate case ; that in fact, each case should be separately and distinctly argued and decided. - • 4* , _ Sir F. Pollock then proceeded to address their lordships on behalf of the prisoner Frost, and commenced by reading the case reserved for the opinion of the fifteen judges. [Our readers will find in our report of the trials at Mon mouth the circumstances on which Sir Frederick Pollock appealedto the court for its opinion.] The learned counsel then proceeded to say that he consi himself precisely in the same situation as if he were before the Court at Monmouth, and as if Mr. Frost had not been convicted of any offence, but was simply standing at the bar for his trial, ana objecting to the competency of the witness Simmons, to be examined under the circumstances under which that witness was produced in court. Two questions arose upon the point of law which had been reserved : the first was, as to the correctness of the proceeding itself, the delivery of a list of witnesses ten days before the trial, but five days after the delivery of a copy of the indictment and the list of the jury. The second point was, whether it was competent to the prisoner to take the objection, if the objec tion could arise out of the matter, at the moment that he did, when the witness was called. The statute of Anne coinmu- nicated to Scotland the law of treason in England, but bon. rowed from the law of Scotland certain matters regulating the form and mode of proceeding, amongst others, the necessity of delivering a list of the witnesses contempora- neouslywith the indictment, though not the period of ten days. It enacted that " when any person is indicted for high treason, or misprison of treason, the list of witnesses that shall he produced on the trial for proving the said in dictment, &c., be given at the same time that the copy of the indictment is delivered to the party indicted." That was a distinct and positive enactment, standing entirely by itself, wholly irrespective of of the time before the trial when this was to be done. It was a distinct and substantive direction that the lists and the copy of the indictment should be deli vered at the same time. The question here was, whether " at the same time" had a distinct, precise, undoubted mean- . . ing, independently of what came next—namely, an enactment prescribing the time prior to the trial at which all these must be delivered : for the statute went on thus, " and that copies of all the indictments for the offences aforesaid, and such lists, shall be delivered to the party indicted ten days before the trial, and in the presence of two or more credible witnesses, any law or statute to the contrary notwithstand ing." He contended that there were two things to be done. One prescribed absolutely that the lists should be delivered at the same time with the copy of the indictment, and the second enactment, which prescribed the period, did not for get the preceding one, for it stated that the " copy of the indictment, with such lists, shall be delivered ten days be fore the trial." He submitted, that upon the plain construc tion of the act, it was scarcely possible for a doubt to exist in the mind of any lawyer. [Sir Frederick Pollock then quoted , several authorities in support of his construction of the law.] Lord Denman said that with all respect for the authorities cited, he was doubtful whether they ought to he received. He thought the cases should be clear and distinct with re ference to the case before them. 1 Sir F. Pollock then continued at great length to argue this , point; and, in conclusion said, he was confident that when their lordships had considered all the cases that had been ' put, and all the principles he had advanced, they would co incide in his opinion, and say the proper time was when the witness was put into the box. The Attorney-General argued the case on the part of the crown. He thought that no one would deny that his learned friend did well in reserving his objection till the jury had been sworn. He might, however, have taken it most un questionably when Mr. Frost was called on to plead, or when he (the Attorney-General) had moved that Mr. Frost should have first taken his turn. But no objection had been made in one or other of those stages, and for this reason, that if the judges had then held it to be valid, there would have been a postponement, if not an abandonment of the trial. It could not then have been brought forward to defeat the ad mini.stration,ofjustice, and to prevent a person charged with guilt from receiving correction and punishment. The ques tion'wo;oxliettir the objection was well founded, whether it couldbe taken after the jury had been charged with the in dictment. Bilt wficitever might be the result of this delibera tion, it would kivVhim heartfelt satisfaction to know that the alleged illegality could not have produced any injury to the accused party ; on the contrary, he thereby de facto en- 6 joyed an advantage—be had a greater opportunity of pre paring for the trial.than he was by laW entitled to. Now, what was the objeCtion ? Why, his learned friend had said that there had been no list of witnesses served ; but that was not the fact, for there had been such a list de facto served on the 17th of December. That list of witnesses was bond fide served in pursuance of the statute. If it had not been strictly served simultaneously with the other two lists, and within the time, it had nevertheless been served ten days before the trial, in pursuance of the same statute. Then it was clear that the act had been one of irregularity, and not of nullity. Lord Abinger—You say that it was an irregularity and not a nullity—that is, that it was irregular from the circumstance of the list not having been delivered at the express time con strued to have been intended by the statute, and that it was not a nullity because the delivery of the list was made 10 days before the trial. The Attorney-General — Yes ; there had been a service of the list of witnesses more than 10 days before the trial. He would submit that it ought not to be competent, by the rules of law, for any party to take such an objection at the particu lar time at which the objection in this case had been taken, inasmuch as that it ought to have been made at a proper time, when the evil effect to which it was—supposing the court were to hold it to be a good and fatal objection--calcu lated to lead, namely, the escape of a guilty person, might have been avoided. In fact, the objection should have been taken at an earlier period of the proceedings. If the service was bad in one case, it was equally bad in all ; if the simulta neous service was a matter of absolute necessity in the one instance, it was equally a matter of necessity in all. Sir F. Pollock then rose to reply, and in the course of his observations said that the statute ought to be read and con -1 strued literally, or as nearly so as possible. Lord Abinger.—But the judges were compelled to make sense of the different statutes. Sir F. Pollock meant to say, that the learned judges of a century, or a century and a half since, had not been in the habit of construing acts of Parliament so literally, or so near to that which it had been intended their meaning or opera tion should be ; in other words, that greater liberties had been taken by the judges in former times than in the present day. MLord Abinger.—And did not Sir Frederick know the chief reason why it was so? It was that in former days acts of Parliament were excessively short, thereby leaving very much for the then judges to put a construction upon. But now-a days acts of Parliament were not only very long, but were drawn up in such a form as to comprehend, and to stand forth with the possession of, all the ornaments, embellish ments, and style of the special pleader and conveyancer. That fact might and would perhaps account for the judges of the present time having become distinguished by their more literal construction of acts of Parliament. (Laughter.) Sir Frederick Pollock submitted that the prisoner had taken the objection at the only period at which he was at liberty to do so according to the law of England, and he would further contend, that the question ought to have been then put to him, had he received a list of the witnesses ? And if the solicitor of the crown committed blunders in the management of the proceedings, ought such blunders to be passed over by the court because they might operate in fa vour of the prisoner ? He must say that instead of having discovered the error, and amended it, they had gone into court, And covered it as much ns possible. The Attorney-General hoped their lordships would not allow a public man to be thus assailed, when he had no oppor tunity of defending himself. Chief Justice Tindal—You shotild have stated these ppinions before, and have given the Attorney-General an opportunity of remarking upon them. Sir F. Pollock begged their lordships' pardon, but he had expressed the very same opinion when he had addressed the court as in the present instance. He considered that he was at liberty to observe on the conduct of the prosecution, in a case such as the present, where a man was on trial for his life, and the question so often referred to, he would contend, ought to have been put in the form of the law. It had been said that it was the prisoner's business to point out and to take the objection. He would deny this asser tion. When it was charged upon them that they wished to defraud the law of its delinquents, his answer was that they ought not to stir in the matter more than the necessity of the case required ; and that it was not for the prisoner nor the prisoner's counsel to have made the objection in the first instance. He had only one more remark to make in this case. It was not for him to cite authorities where there were none, because the statute had been regu larly observed ever since the trial. It was not for him to say that the point was clear beyond all doubt, but it was for their lordships to say whether it was so dark, so uncertain, so without authority, that they could come to an unanimous opinion in one way or the other. The proper time to object to a witness was when he was called, but could any one there say that there was not that sort of doubt hanging over the matter whichrendered it impossible for any lawyer not deeply to regret the difficulties which surrounded this case could not be removed, could not be cured, seeing that the causes from which they resulted could easily be dealt with. Lord Denman then said that the court would bear the further arguments on Monday; and would sit at ten o'clock. The court was excessively crowded daring the whole of the day. Mr. Feargus O'Connor and several other chartist leaders were present. SEASONABLE BENEVOLENCE.—We have pleasure in stating that W. Turner, Esq., M.P., distributed fifty pairs of blankets to as many poor families in this town, during the late Christmas week ; and‘we understand that he every week presents sixpence each, through his housekeeper at Mill Hill, to fifty-two decayed old women. This charitable conduct is worthy of all praise.—Blackburn Standard. FATAL DUEL.—The Charleston Courier learns from a gentleman that a duel was fought, near Tallahassee, on Thursday evening, the 12th inst. between General L. Read, and Colonel Augustus Alston, in which Colonel Alston was killed. The weapons were rifles—distance twenty paces.— The difficulty which occasioned this fatal affair, originated during apolitical contest, and has been the cause of much excitement for several weeks past. LIVERPOOL POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY. (From the Journal) This society held its first monthly meeting for the present ear on Thursday, the 9th inst., at the Medical Hall, Mount ,leasant, Henry Booth, Esq., president, in the chair. We should much oftener report the proceedings of this very useful society, were it not that its nights of meeting are so close on our day of publication. The subject brought for ward at its present meeting is one we would not willingly lose sight of, it being of ext reme importance, especially so to the inhabitants of Liverpool ; and we hope the council of the society will not stop here, but found some practical measure on the facts laid before them, and bring it under the cogni zance of our municipal authorities. The paper read on the evening was by J. Cunningham, F.G.S., architect. It arose out of facts brought forward by the registrar-general, in his annual report of the united king dom, from which it appears that Liverpool stands lower in the scale of human life than any other town in England. In the paper from which we extract, Mr. Cunningham points out the causes of this alarming fact, and then suggests the remedy, and in both instances, we think, successfully. After some preliminary remarks, Mr. Cunningham says— " In the first annual report published by the registrar general, Liverpool appears to be the most unhealthy town in the kingdom. Many of the causes which, in my opinion. operate powerfully in producing this unhealthy condition I shall endeavour briefly to point out, and offer a few sugges tions as to the measures that should be adopted to modify their influence, if not entirely to remove them. " But before going into detail, I beg to read to you a few extracts from Dr. Farr's report to the registrar-general, wherein is shown the great mortality of this town, as com pared with others. It must, however, be borne in mind, that the following returns were made during six months of the year 1837, viz., from the Ist July to the 31st December, when this town, am given to understand by my friend Dr. Duncan, was more unhealthy than at any other subsequent period. Still the comparative mortality is so great, that there can be little doubt of its being a very unhealthy ylace.. " Dr. Farr has taken female life as the standard of com putation in his tables. Among 100,000 females living, the annual deaths are — FROM EPIDEMICS. .. . . 369 London 418 Liverpool .... 565 All England FROM CONSUMPTION. ... 401 London ... 494 Liverpool ... 510 All England...., FROM ALL CAUSES. 1804 I London Leeds.. Birmingham Manchester , Leeds Birmingham Manchester Leeds, Birmingham., Manchester .. 2101 Liverpool.., 2378 All England. 697 1116 415 2520 . 3289 . 1972 " From the above, it will be seen that Liverpool exceeds even London nearly double the number of deaths from epi demics, and a half more from consumption and all causes. Manchester stands next in the list of destructives, and, I be lieve, owing to similar causes. But we ask, why should Liverpool be so destructive to hu man life, for no town can be by . nature more favourably situated as regards every thing conducive to health ? First of all, we have a dry sandy soil, with equally dry substrata of rock, admirably disposed for sewering and draining. Se condly, a river sufficiently capacious and powerful to carry off twice a day into the ocean ten thousand times more soil than can be produced by the present number of inhabitants. And thirdly, we have the pure air, for nearly nine months of the year, wafted to us across the broad Atlantic and over the healthful mountains and valleys of Wales. The answer, therefore, must be, that man himself is the principal agent in this work of 6struction. Guided mainly, as he is in most cases, by cupidity, he goes on ignorant and regardless of the laws enature. in the construction of places of habitation for himself and fellow-creatures; and no place with which I am acquainted affords so striking an example of this blind and sinful mode of proceeding as Liverpool. The consequences, as might be expected, are fearfully exemplified in the whole sale destruction exhibited in those tables. " It appears by Dr. Farr's researches, that the fatality of every class of diseases is augmented nearly double in a con centrated population, to what it is in a rural population. He compares the deaths in twenty-four large towns, namely : Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham, Bristol, Newcastle, &c., containing 1,762,000 inhabitants, with rural districts, contain ing an equal population, in Essex, Gloucester, Hereford, Suffolk, &c., always distinguishing males from females. The following will be sufficient to show : " DEATHS IN SIX MONTHS BY TWELVE CLASSES OF FATAL DISEASES. In London and 24 In rural dis other towns, con- tricts, contain taining a popula- lag apopulation tion of 3,553.000. of 3,500,000 Epidemic, endemic, and conta gious diseases . Sporadic Diseases Of the nervous system 12,766 „ respiratory organs „ organs of circulation „ digestive organs. „ urinary organs „ organs of generation „ organs of locomotion „ integumentary system Of uncertain seat Age Violent deaths. Not specified 6,045 7,705 .. 8,607 12,619 .. 7,847 590 3,476 219 460 309 1,832 161 265 262 .. 154 62 .. 55 4,396 .. 3,730 2,924 .. 3,10'2 1,370 .. 929 1,104 .. 1,657 Total 47,953 .. 29,693 " The concentration of the population in cities doubles the deaths from the two first classes of disease ; the ratio of deaths having been as 1 to 2.11 and 1 to 2.13. " But there are great differences in salubrity, not only between one city and another, hut between different parts of the same city. This is strikingly exhibited in a table, show ing the mean annual mortality of females in 32 metropolitan districts. We have not room for the whole, but select a part. " ANNUAL DEATHS AMONG 1000 FEMALES DIFFERENT Whitechapel, Shoreditch. PARTS OF LONDON. 39 I Kensington 32 I St. Pancras 20 ; . 20, . 13 . . is Bermondsey Holborn 29 Camberwell.... St. George, Southwark Strand. s 25 St. George, Hanover- ; Stepney 24 square l3 "Thus, the mortality among females is twice as great is Whitechapel as in Hackney, and one-half greater in Ber mondsey than in the city. Dr. Farr says— " It will be found, pateris paribus, that the mortalit increases as the density of the population increases ; and where the density and the affluence are the same, that the state of mortality depends upon the efficiency of the ventila tion, and the means which are employed for the removal of impurities. The next step in the argument is to establish these two facts ; which will he dene by showing that in 32 districts of one large city the mortality increases with the intensity, and falls with the diminution of the causes to which the excessive mortality has just been ascribed. The necessary deduction from the double series of facts, then, is that the mortality has a tendency to increase as the density of the population increases, but the unhealthy ten dency can be counteracted by artificial agencies. In other terms, the mortalities of cities in England and Wales is high, but it may be immeasurably reduced. A good general sys tem of sewers ; the intersection of the dense, crowded dis tricts of the metropolis by a few spacious streets ; and a park in the east of London, would probably diminish the annual deaths by several thousands, prevent many years of sickness, and add several years to the lives of the entire population. Similar improvements would have the same effects in the other cities of the empire. The poorer classes would be bene fited by these measures, and the poor-rates would be reduced ; but all classes of the community are directly interested in their adoption, for the epidemics, whether influenza, typhus, or cholera,—small pox, scarlatina, or measles, which arise in the east end of the town, do not stay there ; they travel to the west end, and prove fatal in wide streets and squares. The registers show this - they trace diseases from unhealthY to healthy quarters, andfollow them from the centres of cities to the surrounding villages and remote dwellings. " Dr. Farr again observes,—` The occupations in cities are not more laborious than agriculture, and the great mass of the town nopulation have constant exercise and employment ; their wages are higher, their dwellings as good, their clothing as warm, and their food certainly as sustantial as that of the agricultural labourer. The poor-law enquiry, and suc cessive parliamentary committees, have shown that the fa milies of agricultural labourers subsist upon a minimum of animal food, and an inadequate supply of bread and potatoes. The source of the higher mortality in cities is, therefore, in the insalubrity of the atmosphere. Every human being expires about 666 cubic feet of gas daily, which, if collected in a re ceiver, would destroy other animals; and is constantly produc ing, in various ways, the decomposition of animal and vegetable matter, yielding poisonous emanations in houses, workshops , dirty streets, and bad sewers. The smoke of tires and the, products of combustion are also poisonous. All gases and effluvia, like odours, are diffusible ; they have a certain power of diffusion, which Professor Graham has expressed numeri cally, and all the emanations from human habitations in the open country mingle, almost as soon as they escape, in the currents of the atmosphere. But locate, instead of one indi vidual to a square mile of land (the supposed density of popu lation in the uncultivated forests of America and the steppes of Asia,) 200,000 individuals upon a square mile, as soldiers in a camp, and the poison will be concentrated 200,000 fold ; intersect the space in every direction by 10,000 high walls, which overhang the narrow streets, shut out the sunlight , and intercept the movements of the atmosphere ; let the re' jected vegetables, the offal of slaughtered animals, the filth produced in every way, decay in the houses and courts, or stagnate in the wet streets ; bary the dead in the midst of the living ; and the atmosphere will become an active poison' which will destroy, as it did in London formerly, and as it does in Constantinople now 5-7 per cent. of the inhabitants annually, and generate, when the temperature is high, recur ring plagues, in which a fourth part of the entire population will perish. But the health will be little more in3Pslred by residence upon 1 than upon 100 square miles, if mean can e devised for supplying the 200,000 individuals with 200,000,000 cubic feet of pure air daily, and_for removing the principal • sources of poisonous exhalations. The latter object is partly accomplished by paved, even streets, by the scavenger, by an abundant supply of water, by large, well-constructed, trap ped sewers, and by domestic habits of cleanliness ; * but it is difficult to perceive how volatic impurities can be removed. and how a stream of uncontaminated air can be supplied where the sun cannot heat the earth and air, where there are no open squares, or the streets are narrow, or the houses are only separated by courts, or built in cal de sac.' " Having now before us the enlightened views of Dr. Farr , regarding the immediate causes of so much mortality in dense,' populated towns, and the means he recommends to be era" ployed in mitigating those evils, we must at once see their direct applicability to the ‘ condition of this town, for, in al most every quarter of it, we have narrow and closely crowded streets, the majority being not more than 30 feet wide, while many of them are only 20 and even 15 feet ; and again from those very narrow streets, courts are built in cal de sac, ne t more than 12 feet wide, the whole being huddled together is the greatest confusion possible, apparently with a thorough and profound contempt of straight lines and right angles. " In the seven adjoining streets of Lace-street, Adling' ton-street, Henry Edward-street, more than 700 cases oc curred ; and in the neighbouring streets, Johnson-stree t, North-street, and Trueman-street, more than 300 ; and i n Midghall-street, Stockdale-street, and Banastre-street, mor e than 320. In Lace-street alone, (I was nearly suffocated is a court there the other day,) there were nearly 300 cases; rrl North-street, 161; in Stockdale-street, (a short but filth/ street,) 125. These streets are chiefly inhabited by Iris'', and prostitutes. The other streets in the north district worthy of notice are Preston-street, (120 cases,) Harrison' street, Chisenhale-street, and the parallel streets of Stewar t " street, near the Clarence Dock, and Bent-street, and Bew • jonson-striet, between Scotland-road,and Comus-street. " In the'sauth end of the town, Crosbie-street, betwee' St. James's-street and Wappinff, takes the lead. furnishi d 183 cases, (102 of these courts) Then comes New BO' street, with 151 cases, mostly in lodging-houses. This di t" trict, in fact, bounded by Crosbie-street, St. James's-ste e r, and Greenland-street, gives no less than 742 cases, of wh ich about 350, or nearly one half, occurred in courts. Nex t ,„ w Crosbie-street and New. Bird-street, Brick-street is ty worst in this district, 112 cases having occurred there. " Thomas-street and Atherton-street may next be toe'; tioned, (between Paradise -street, and South Castle-stree t 'A the former being one of the worst streets in the south O p division of the town, and 117 cases of fever having 1 ?n, visited in it. I shall only further mention Norbury-su%, (a short street near the bottom of Gloucester-street,) 11010 Andrew-street, off Brownlow-hill ; although the latter Ice much improved lately, it gave 51 cases. In Toxteth Mann-street, 00 cases,) Wright-street, (54,) and Fisb street, are at the head of the list.' " ti/ 6 Mr. Cunningham then adverts to the irregular and defej 4o , o 931101 11 of_ tevieyage preyalent Ibis town, and more FP",