Northern Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-01-08 00:00:00

Way, the RCULES length 65 y Brokers tday, the Saleroom, LIANCE, .; breadth rarmouth, kcd, and classed ; stands lying in BERT A. KLES, A POPULAR HISTORYOO THE WORKING CLASSES. THEIR RISE AND PROGRESS-SOCIAL AND POLITICAL; * sokv. the I FROM THE A NGLO -S AXON P ERIOD D OW N TO THE PRESENT DAY. saleroom, Schooner ength 59 h 10 feet (Adiressed to the IVorkiny Classes themselves.) CHAPTER SECOND 1 in Vic-- Amin.lty CONDITION OF THE MECHANICAL ARTS IN THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD.—EMPLOYMENT OF THE. CLERGY.—PECULIAR PRIVILEGES OF SMITHS. —USE OF THE WARM BATA AMONG THE SAXONS. Besides the villeins or agricultural classes, spoken of in the former chapter, and who were called velleins regardant, there was another great order of slaves called villeins in gross. These were at the absolute disposal of their Lord, and were transferred by deed, sale, or conveyance like any other property. - It seems hardly credible —such are the wonder working • powers of time, which every man at all periods, and especially every man who has influ ence over the destinies of his fellow-men should have present to his mind,—it seems hardly credi ble, I repeat, that a tra ffi c in human flesh, in the purchase and sale of our countrymen. should ever, in this country, and within what we call the era of civilisation, have been a commercial practice of great extent. Yet such was its extent that when Henry the Second, in the year 1172, conquered Scotland, such numbers of slaves were sent over to that country that 'the market was actually glutted, , and it i s recor d ed ' that, from the time oi' William the Conqueror to the reign of King John, in the year 1199, there was scarcely a house in Scotland 'that did not possess an English slave, This is an . exaggeration no doubt, but one nevertheless which marks the great 'extent to which the practice was carried on. %Try of them . were slaves taken in the Border tram. That there were many, unques tionably many, Scotch slaves in England we know, inasmuch as in the accounts of the various marra.u dering expeditions into Cumberland, men are freque n tly spoken of as part of 'the booty. In clu ed in these two great divisions the villeins were subordinate classes with distinct occupations ' and names. . Thus we hear •of some called Bor darii, whose business it was to pay rent for their cottages'in the shape of poultry and eggs for their Lord'stable. Another was that of the Cottarii, or Cotterelti, who, like the villein regardant, were attached 'to the soil, and employed in the various trades of smiths, carpenters, and other handicrafts. It was chiefly, however, in the class of villeins in gross, or household Slaves, that the artizans and mechanics were found. Their skill during this period was of the lowest description. The mecha nical arts were few, and of the rudest character. Whatever legacy tf knowledge, or expertness in this way, indeed, may have been left by the Romans ' was ruthlessly sw e pt away b y th e i nroa d s of our Saxon ancestors. day, the ,ateroom, iirty-two 1-sterned Dll5 0.X.; about 120 ed in the th 58 feet Apply to rd-street. tons )1' feet ; Ming at Fehoir a Okitfit, further rSAIE.D, length , 23 fbes the too Quebec, c. doneer tirely of she ize e essett , ing afl ek docks• colonial LYES. gagged. durable y PumP )e seen. Accustomed like the other nations of the North of Europe, from which they came, to live in wretched hovels built of wood, or earth, covered with straw, or branches of trees, they fell with such 'barbarian fury on all the traces of Roman civilisation, as completely to efface the noble constructions which that people left, and whose partial remains continue even to this day occasionally to be brought to light. For 'two hundred years' the Art of Masonry seems almost to have been lost. The venerable Bede, who wrote about the beginning of the eighth century, says there was a time when there was not a stone church in the land. The first Cathedral erected in York, was built of wood ; and when Paulinus caused a stone building - to be reared in its,place, it was esteemed a prodigy. A prodigy of good workmanship it certainly was not, 'however, since vilien Bede wrote it was already 'in ruins. Unsubstantial as was - the st ructure, i t did not fail to excite profound wonder in the minds of those who gazed upon it, whilst it produced in the superstitious a belief that its stones had a healing power on fill those who approached them. Agriculture, depending in a certain degree on the mechanical arts, was in a most wretched state. So incompetent indeed, at that time were our labourers to provide for their wants, that famines were of frequent occurrence, carrying off whole multitudes - from the want of sufficient food. In the year 1403,-a quarter of wheat sold for sixty-seven pennies, a sum containing as much silver as sixteen or seventeen of their shillings, and might be equal :to seven or eight pounds of our present money. You will remark that lam writing of a time when the population of all England was not above a million and a-half, less by three-quarters of a million than the actual population of London. It is plain to be seen, therefore, that it is not in superabundance of soil, and scantiness of popula tion, that:the sufficiency of food can be found,.but in the enterprise, the skill, and the industry, be they few -or many, of the inhabitants of the soil. England feeds her seventeen millions now With more certainty than she supplied her million and a-half eight hundred years ago. The reason of this is plain. Not only were the commonest implements of agriculture, in these days, extremely rude, but they were difficult to be procured at all. It is related of the Abbot of Wenmouth, that " being 'a strong man, and of humble mind, he used to assist his monks in their rural labours—sometimes in guiding the plough by the still handle, sometimes in harrowing corn, sometimes in forging instruments of husbandry with a hammer upon an anvil." This may be con sidered a singular kind of employment for-my Lord Abbot to have engaged in ; but how well it might have been for society if such functionaries of the Church had never been worse engaged. Husband men in those days were obliged to forge their own instruments with their own hands. They were -blacksmiths and farmers in one, but from all accounts they were not worth their meal in either scapacity. WILT , THE E s 1 it AT DUB. 1 E P ly use" :s call ith the raciliti 0 1 ' erect t ° at . 4 °' ;e,fra In the seventh century our Anglo-Saxon arti zans seem to have been unequal to the under 'takings which the taste of the times promoted. When the King of Northumberland—(there were more than one King in England in those wanted to build a monastery, where do you think he sent for his masons ? He sent to France for -them. And his glaziers, where did he get them ? ,From France, too. About the same time, Benedict, Abbot of Wenmouth, procured men from France to glaze the windows of the monastery, and to teach the Anglo-Saxons the art of making window " I •mPs, drinking vessels, &e. Our forefathers, h ow°ver, do not seem to have been very apt scholars, for in the next century we find another Abbot writing to a French Bishop thus :—" If there be any man in your district who can make' a glass - vessel well, send him to me, or if there is any one in your diocese in the power of others, 1 beg your Paternity will persuade him to come to us, for we are helpless and ignorant in the art • and if it should h appen t h at any of the glass-makers should by your diligence, and with the Divine pleasure, be suffered to eome to us, be assured if I Outlive, I will receive him with kind courtesy." A glass-blower evidently was a precious com modity at that time, and was as eagerly sought after, as in this day we might hunt after a Taglioni or a Jenny Lind. At this period, and long afterwards, the windows of houses and churches were filled with linen, or lattices of wood. As respects Carpentry, it is probable that some skill was exhibited in the details of the large wooden buildings erected at that time. Nevertheless. the houses were ill built. The rich hangings which covered the walls of great h ouses were less luxuries than necessaries —gorgeous screens often concealing gaping chinks, and keeping out biting winds. Even with this precaution, it was not possible to use open lights, and we find King Arthur, in his palace, obliged I _ ° use lanterns, -on account of the wind which yrove through the crevices. We sometimes have I . o _ °complain against our joiners in these days, for not always being so successful as they should in _e „Ping out the wind, but none of us ice in _quite 'IQ bad a plight as pow King Alfred was. What • I ever Pir...ploynient there mi g ht have been for the fJarp - eliter, there must have' been very little demand for the cabinet-maker. The furniture even of the rich was scanty, mean, and dear. It is, curious, indeed, t o mark the ean description of goo& carefully disposed. of in the wills of the rich. An Anglo-Saxon lady, for instance, gives one of • her children "two chests and their con tents ; her best bed-curtains, and all the bed clothes." To another child she bequeaths " two chests, and all the clothes that to one bed belong," and to another her pillow of straw ! A dr awing of a Sa xon b e d i s preserve d, wherein the pillow looks as if it were made of platted straw, while the head and bottom seem to be both boarded. The demand for ornamental furniture did not, of course, exist. There was, however, at this time r one class of workmen who were in great request. These were smiths and artificers in iron. Their labours were required, not so much for the manufacture • of ploughs and other useful and productive imple ments, as to forge arrows and weapons of war. Every military chief was attended by his smith, and he (the smith) had many- curious privileges which marked his importance. • His were guild, for • instance, was uncommonly large. It is necessary here to explain, that by the Anglo-Saxon law, every person had a certain value set upon his life, according to his position, and whoever killed him was obliged to pay the amount to his family, if he were a freeman, and to his master, if he were a slave. This murder fine was entitled were guild. I cite it, therefore, as a proof of the estimation in which the smith' was held, that -it was a more -- expensive luxury, in fact, to kill him than any other artisan. The chief smith, .indeed, was an officer of considerable dignity in the English and Welsh Courts. In the latter he occupied a seat • at the table next to that of the King's chaplain, and what no doubt he valued as a far greater privilege, he was entitled to a draught of any kind of liquor that came into the hall. .In spite- of all that temperance has done, it is much to be feared that there are still many smiths left who would like very well to be Kings' smith in a Welsh Court. (1.) - It is a characteristic feature of this period, .and one which shows the very rude condition of those vho constituted the working classes, that while; In general, none but the raciest kind of labour was performed 'by them, the more ingenious and skilful kinds of industry were performed by a body of men whom, according to modern notions, we should leapt expect to find a part of the working I refer -to the clergy. The clergy, Ind skilful classes however, were the most expert artificers of these times. Saint Dunstan, the celebrated Archbishop of Canterbury, who, in the tenth century, was the great statesman of the day; is " reported to have- been the best blacksmith, brazier, goldsmith, and engraver of his time. We make a vast deal 'Of our Elihu Burritts 'when we catch them in those days, but the union of mechanical employments with intellectual occupa tions and pursuits was frequent in the -olden time.. The Clergy, in fact, by canon law, were obliged to learn some mechanical art, and to exercise it in their leisure hours. Their productions, too, were distinguished by great excellence. King Alfred had a. splendid collection of the results of their ingenious workmanship. A specimen from this collection was found many years since at Ethingly, in Somersetshire, where this Prince concealed himself in his distress,_ancl _afterwards resided in his prosperity. A minute account of it is given in the Philosophical Transactions. It is there described as a thin plate of gold, enamelled and exquisitely engraved with various figures, and of an oblong &am, rather more than two inches long and one broad. It was probably worn by King Alfred himself, as it bears upon it this inscription : " Alfred commanded me to be made." The art of polishing precious stones was not unknown to them,- nor, that of gilding and plating. We read of Stigund, Bishop of Winchester, for instance, having fabricated a very large crucifix, and two immense figures,—one of them representing the Virgin Mary, and the other Saint- John,—and afterwards covering them with silver and gold. The English goldsmiths and embroiderers were, in fact, highly distinguished throughout Europe, and their fabrics were known by the name of Opera Anglica, or, in other words, English works. In the art of embroidery, the Anglo-Saxon ladies were most expert workers, and -Queens and Princesses endeavoured - to outshine each other. The four daughters of -Edward the First were celebrated for their cunning in spinning, weaving, and needlework. The arts of dying and dressing furs, too, were not unknown to the working classes, and the English cloth-makers were esteemed even at that day. Such are some of the facts, then, which serve to throw a dimlight on the habits and constitution of the working classes previous to the conquest. Their skill, as regards the vast mass, was, as must. readily have been perceived, extremely rude, and their condition altogether ignominious. Their diet, like their habitations, was of the coarsest and meanest description ; and their dress, such as, in some respects, is now amknown to the most hopeless poverty. They had no stockings or coverings on -their legs. But how, indeed, could this be expected when even the inferior clergy were in the same plight ? For, in the year seven hundred and eighty-five, -the Council of Chalcuyth we find were obliged to issue this ordinance : " Let no minister of the altar presume to approach it to celebrate mass with naked legs, lest his filthi ness appear and God be offended." A Curate preacher, or a Priest, who should now attempt to perform his ministrations with bare legs, like his Anglo-Saxon predecessors would be considered a fit candidate for an asylum. Such little particulars as even these, however, show the vast changes that take place in the habits and tastes of a peo- It was probable, too, that it was as much the prac tice to go bare footed as well as bare legged. Thus in.the Bayeaux tapestry in which some events in the life of the last of our Saxon Kings—Harold, are•figured, some of the principal men are repre sented without shoes. Wooden clogs are in no very great request at the present day, but in the eighth and ninth centuries they formed the foot gear of Kings. - There was one custom of universal observance in those days, to which one cannot help referring without pleasure, and wishing at the same time that it was more prevalent among ourselves than it has even become. I mean the frequent and con stant use of the warm bath. It was considered an indispensable luxury then, as well to the poor as to the rich. This is amply proved by the Canons of the Church, which prescribe the by of cha rity. By these we find that people were desired to give to the poor, meat, mund, or personal protection while under the roof, fire, fodder, bed clothes, and a bath! The poor man, in fact, was not considered sufficiently provided for unless, besides other necessaries, he was furnished with his bath. The custom was so valued, that religious people, as an act of penance and mortification, abstained from baths. It is doubtful with some in those days, whether the penance would. not be the other way,--that is to say, in not being obliged to abstain from them, but to use them. It is a just matter of congratulation, however, that this good Saxon rule is beginning to revive, and that public attention everywhere is at length directed to a practise so necessary, and so essential to the comfort and health of every one. And so let us hope, that as we are, in so many respects, superior to our Saxon ancestors ; as we know so much more than they did the value of washing and purifying our houses, so let us trust we shall he ashamed to be behind them in purifying and washing our skins. (1.) In former years, the blacksmiths were in the habit of doing honour to their patron saint (St. Clement) by celebrating the day of his martyrdom with a procession. It appears from a State proclamation, dated July 22nd, 1540, that children were accustomed to be decked and go about, on St. Clement's Day, in procession. And from an ancient custom of going about on .the night of the festival to beg drink to make merry with, a pot was formerly marked against the 23rd of November, upon the old Cloy Almanacs. The custom is now, I believe, obsolete. [* Th e se articlei being the Copyright of the Author, he reserves to himself the right of 'their further publica tion or translation.] THE NORTHERN, TIMES, S.A.TVRDAY, JANUARY 8, 1859 TRADE O 1 SPAIN, A bluebook contains reports relative to the trade of various foreign countries. It includes some interesting papers on Spain and its colonies. The importation of merchandise under the (Spanish) national flag shows a suns (according to Mr. 0 tway, our Charge d'Affaires in Madrid) of 989,895,986 reals (49,898,960), paying a duty of £1,576,316, or 157, 631 , 638 reals; under foreign flags - to the value of £2,669,094, paying a duty of £224 1 000 : and by laud to the value of £473,67, yielding duty to the amount of £66,399. All this gives a total of merchandise to the value of £13,041,680, the duties amount to 186,711,654 reels (41,867,116.) This'impor tation . exceeds that of 1855 by £2,804,067, and has produced £204,877 increase of duties compared with the average product of the last five years ; the importation shows an increase to the extent of £5,014,960, and the duty an increase of £252,449. The exportation is less than that of 1855 by £1,957,463, and presents an increase of duties to the amount of £457. With respect to the average of the last five years, the increase of exportation is £2,330,221, and the duties have decreased by £515. Turning to the island of Puerto Rico, it is fonnd that British trade with that colony has increased considerably since 1842 (the first year for which returns were made. Yet, notwithstanding the great relative increase, Mr. Consul Hunt reports that our trade with Puerto Rico is in a very unsatisfactory position, and that the yearly amount of our imports is wholly insignificant in relation to the produce exported annually, the value of which varies between £1,000,000 and £1,200,000. The reason of this is the absurd restrictions imposed by the Colonial Government of Spain in the West IntlieS, the result being that there is no British mercantile firm or branch house established in the island, nor any house receiving, goods on commission direct from England. Were the restrictions modified, Mr.. Hunt is convinced that the consumption of British goods would- increase very rapidly in Puerto Rico. As an illustration of its inutility, as well as the absurdity of fiscal prohibitions, it is stated that beyond the imports of which we possess an _exact knowledge, there is introduced annually, by way of contraband, fostered by the high tariff in force, an amount of goods fairly estimated as equal to 20 per cent. of the gross annual returns ! Coffee and the cane are cultivated generally in the island, while cotton and tobacco are grown only in certain districts. There is no export duty except on timber. A more enlightened policy appears to be pursued in the Philippine Islands, the Governor of Mlnilla informing Sir J. Bowring, (in April, 1857), that he considered one of his principal duties on the assumption of office to be the development of the "rich resources" of the islands, the chief of which- is the production and sale of the exquisite tobacco so thoroughly appreciated by smokers a the "cheroot." The Governor has ordered that no efforts shall be spared to improve the cultivation of the tobacco plant. There is a long report from 11010 on the trade of the island of Panay. Returning to the mother country, it appears that in .1857 the imports into Seville were £1,735,726, and the exports £1,372,165; 146 English vessels of .15,309 tons entered the port, and 118 of 10,735 tons cleared out. The trade in British vessels at Alicante has increased considerably. since 1856, principally owing to the formation of a /railway from Madrid to Almanza. The general trade of the district in 1857 was nearly double 'that of 1856. At Cadiz, 356 British vessels entered in 1856 ; 28,430 tons of coal were imported from England, and 54,616 butts (or pipes) of Sherry were shipped off during the year, being an increase of 11,227 compared with 1855. 56 American ships imported stores and tobacco, and exported salt, wine, cork, and liquorice. The Dutch, Belgian, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Prussian ships import coals from England, and export the same articles as the American vessels. The Russian, Hanoverian, and Hanseatic ships imported timber and deals, •and exported salt, wine, anti dry fruit. 13ANKRII1TS. Joscnt Coorca, baker, Friar-street, Blackfriars, London. ED*. ZULZER, of Upper North-place, Gray's-inn-mad, merchant Taos. SUTHERS, reed maker, Mytholnroyd, Halifax. f boos. BREWEN FURNCLL, draper, Sheffield. Mcrntra, MACDONALD, innkeeper, Ringston-upon-Hull. CARL BRENDOM, victualler, Liverpool. Virm. MoNx, manufacturer, Padihan, Lancashire. DEMETRIUS DEMATIUADI , merchant, Manchester. MONETARY AND COMMERCIAL. LIVERPOOL, Friday Evening. The .sales of Cotton to-day were 6,000 bales, including 500 on speculation and for export. The announcement by the French Government, that the fears of a disturbance in their diplomatic re lations with Austria are groundless, has been re garded in rather a sanguine aspect by some holders, who have withdrawn a portion of their stock, but generally the market closes quietly and without change. Messrs. Edmund Jardine and n their weekly circular remarks : Co., Our market opened_ on 'Monday; after the holidays, with a shade of improvement in its tone, although the advises by the Persia steamer from New York brought news of depressed markets in the southern States, and a decline of 1, cent in prices. Influenced, however, by the unsettled aspect of Continental politics, it drooped again, notwithstanding - that the Manchester market, on Tuesday, still maintained the .strong position it has assumed for some weeks past,. and that the trade have been purchasers to a fair extent; holders have been ready sellers and shown a disposition to meet the buyer, particularly in Boweds, which have been freely offered at a decline of 1-16 d. per lb. In Sura.ts but little has been done, and they are about 1-16 d. to Id. per lb: lower. .The demand for Egyptians has been to a fair extent, and previous rates are maintained. Brazil quiet and unchanged, and the same may be said of Sea Islands. Messrs. *right, jun., and Co. remark— Our last circular advices were dated 31st December, 1858, and were forwarded per Niagara, on the Ist instant, which was kept as a holiday in our produce markets. The Persia's advices failed to have any apparent influence on Cotton with the resumption of business last Monday, and the market for this staple has presented no novel feature. A steady demand has been daily experienced, which holders meet with extreme liberality. Prices are not materially changed, but, if anything, an increased eagerness to realise gives the purchaser a slight advan tage iu this regard. The trade are the principal opera tors, and their action is confined to qualities and quan tities for present requirements, without any indication of a different policy being adopted. The anticipation of large supplies from America, and the determination of bankers to check the ardour of speculators, tends to pro duce a dull feeling, and induces all classes to observe caution, and we are unable to record any of those improving symptoms so generally expected with the advent of a new year. Clouds are gathering on the political horizon, which have a depressing . influence on public securities, and occasion some anxiety in commercial circles. As the week draws to a close, the disposition to progress with sales is more marked, and the market closes to-day with irregularity at a decline of 1-16 d to id per lb. The total sales of the week (five days) amount to 34,490 bales, of which 27,550 are American. Speculators have taken 670, and exporters 2,420, leaving 31,400 bales of all kinds to the trade. The import for same time is 23,878 bales, of which 21,317 are American. The quantity known to be at sea from American ports is about 15,000 bales. PRICES TO-DAY : New 'Orleans Fair, 71d ... Middling, 6'd Ordinary, 41d to d Mobile „ 71d „ 6 f 9 sid to 6 d Atlantic „ 7d ..., „ 611 „sdto 6 d Total taken for consmnen, 1859, 31,400 b 15,1858, 39,020 bales. 211 export (actual) „ 2,213 , 2,003 , American Brazil Egypt'n E. In dia W.lndia Total Stock this day.... 258,410 19,760 24 1 520 35,830 640 339,160 Same time 1858.. • 190,800 39,620_ 14,710 140,070 4,320 389,510 , The Glasgow Cotton Market was very quiet this week, and prices rather more in favour of buyers, say to the extent of 146 d to id per ib, more espe cially in the lower grades of American. The Liverpool Share . Market was pretty firm during the greater portion of the day, but closed quiet, and rather flat. The following were the day's transactions :--Caledonian, 'B9 ; Chester and Holyhead, 48+, 484, 481, 4821 Lancashire and Yorkshire, 99, 991 • London and North-Western, 072, 9'74 ; Do. ane-eighth Shares, t o 11-16 d ; Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshlre, 404, 391; Midlands, 1041, 1034 ; North British, , 623 York Capital Stock, 78, 78+; St. Helens Canal and Rail way A, 77 ; Dovers, 221, 22 p-16 ; East Lancashire, 6 per'Cents, 140 ; 'Royal Insurance, 44 p ; Lancashire Insurance, I d ; Pacific Steam Company Fourth Shares, 141 p. The Lfollowing are the closing prices :-Blackburn, 111, 111; Chester 6.nd Birkenhead, 671, 671 :; Caledonian, 881, 89k ; Chester and Holyhead, 484, 484;. Eastern Counties, 124, 12 1-16:; Vast Lancasire, 964, 97 ; Do. £9 shares, +, 4p; Great Northern, 106, 107; Do. A, 92, 93; 'Great Western, 57, 574; Lancashire and Yorkshire Stock, 98 98+ ; Do, £9 shares, 4, ; London and North Western Stock, 97, 97+ ; Do. one-eighth shares, 4, tl d; Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 40, 40 1-16 ; Midland Stock, 1034, 103 4 ; North British, 614, 614 ; North Western, 131, 131 ; North Staffordshire, 44, 4 d ; North Eastern-Berwick, 94, 941 ; York and North Midlaud, 78, 781 ; Leeds Capital Stock, 484, 49 ; South Eastern and -Dover, 221, 22 9-16 ; Dutch Rhenish, 44, d ; Great Western • of Canada, 164, 164 ; Do. New Shares, 31 ' 34 d ; Great Luxembourg, 7 -5-16, 7 7-16; Grand Trunk of Canada, 9 3-16, '9_s-16 The :Money _Market continues comparatively quiet,' but, although the demand has diminished, the rates are firmly supported. As 2i per cent. is the lowest charge in the general discount market, the bank authorities are still obtaining.a fair share of business, but it is thought that they will expe rience some falling off when .the effect of the dividend payments is fully developed. It must be borne.: in mind, however, that trade is _steadily improving, and that a larger amount of capital will probably be required in the spring for commercial enterprass than at any period during the last twelve months. It should be recollected, too, that - the impending foreign loans, if negotiated, will neces sitate a very _ extensive efflux of specie, which, together. With the augmented shipments of silver to the East, may produce an unfavourable influence. At present, however, the market is easieromd a fractional decline might occur in the terms of discount without creating the least surprise. On the Stock Exchange the supply of money is -6uperabu.ndant, and loans have been effected at Ato 2 per cent. on government securities. In the course of a few days, however, the settlement in ,Consols, which is supposed to be rather heavy., will stimulate the demand for accommodation, and temporarily increase its value. • - The Market for the Public Funds and securities .opened better to-day on the improved French prices, and were good ,during the morning, but subsequently became easier and closed weaker. Consols 961 to 96!.; the New Threes .964 to 96i; and:Y2Achequer_Bille, 38 to 4 pm. The London Railway Share Market commenced good and went firmer, but were afterwards flatter with English Funds. The Stocks were firmer ; Mines and Miscellaneous firm; Banks steady. The minimum price of Victoria Loan is about :107. A great many applications were above that, and even as high as 110, while a large number were below the minimum. About 670,000 was taken at or above the minimum. The following are the closing prices : -Ambergate, 61, 6d ; Caledonian, 881, 89 : 1 ; ; Do. Pref., 103, 105; Eastern Coun ties, 63, 64; East Lancashire, 96, 97; Edin burgh and Glasgow, 69/, 701; Great North ern, 1061, 107,4 ; Ditto A. 91, 93 ; Ditto B. 133, 135; Great Western, 57, 57/ ; Lan caahire and Yorkshire, 98/, 99; Brighton, 111, 113; London and North Western, 97, 971 ; London and South Western, 94, 95 ; Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 391, 404 ; Midland, 1031, 104 ; North British, 611, 62 ; ditto Pref., 112, 114 ; North Eastern-Berwick, 94, 94/ ' • Leeds, 49, 50 ; York, 78k, 781 ; North Staffo rds, 41, 4d ; Dovers, 75, 75/ ; Great Western of Canada, 161, 174; ditto New, 31, d ; Grand Trunk of Canada, 9 3-16, 9 5-16 ; Turkish, Sixes, 91, 91/ ; ditto, Fours, 1051, 1061; Bank Stock, 225, 227. The demand for Salt continuing fair, and the supplies keeping moderate, higher prices have been obtained during the week. Mr. T. J. Werninck quotes common Salt, 4s 6d ; rough, 6s to 8s; stored, 7s 6d; and butter Salt, 6s—per ton. -- fie letters per the Brazil mail were delivered this morning. Our Monte Video correspondent writes : Part of the American squadron have made their appearance in this port, and are now awaiting the arrival of more vessels. It is expected they will eave here in the course of a few weeks to seek redress at the hatitis of the Paraguayan Government. The squadron will consist of ten s teamers, four frigates, three brigs, three sloops. In the interval since our last, a very slight improvement is visible in the demand for manufactured goods. The demand is principally for Manchester goods. Bradford and ether woollen fabrics continue quite neg lected, with no prov ed/ of amendment for some months, u pon the worst season for them. as we are now enterliig Produce : Saladeros have not as yet commenced opera tions on an extensive scale, and prices are merely nominal, chiefly owing to the late rains and cold weather having retarded operations. The weather now continues very favourable for cattle, and we look forward still to a hcavy killing season. Freights in general are more or less the same as last month, and for England, rates are some what firmer. Our disengaged tonnage is small, and should cargo become abundant, we look for an advance Exchange for this mail commenced at 42d., and afterwards advanced to 42;d.; but to-day's rate may be considered at 421 d. per current dearer. Total amounts passed for this mail about £30,000. RATES OF FREIGHTS To England.—Hides : Salted 40s, dry 80s Pipes 453, cases 40s. Wool and Hair : Bales 30s per cent primage. Hides, pipes, and cases, per ton weight ; bales per ton measurement. Exports from Monte Video from 25th October to 25th November : 2,550 salted ox and cow hides; 4,991 salted horse hides ; 79 dry ox and cow hides ; 5 dry horse hides; 83 pipes tallow ; 11 pipes mares grease ; 8 bales sheepskins ; 64 bales hair ; 1 cargo bone ash and bones. Exports from Uruguay and Parana : 4 cargoes bones and bone ash Advices from Buenos Ayres give the following quotations :—Exchange, 67s 6d to 68s ; paper dollars, 349 to 350. Hides, salted, 52 rials Sala deros; 46 to 47, Matadeiros. Tallow, pure Sala deros, 21 'to 22 rials ; with grease, 19.1, to 191. Wool, fine Mestizo, dirty, 80 to 87 paper dollars per arroba ; middling, 60 to 70; washed, 130 to 135 ; middling, 80 to 100 ; Cordova washed, 32. rials. Advices from Rio are to the 10th ult. The weather was most unsettled during the whole of November. Those intervals, however, that admitted. of transportation from the interior were taken advantage of, and regular supplies of coffee had in consequence arrived at market. The quality, of late receipts had proved by no means satisfactory, having suffered much from the effects of almost incessant rains. Should the weather take a more favourable turn, hopes were enter tained of receiving qualities as good as those that made their appearance at the commencement of the crop. Business was rather animated during the month, without any material alteration in prices being noticeable. The dates MARRIAGE On the 6th inst., at St. Michael's in the Hamlet, Mt. Henry IZimmer to Miss E. Hopley. DEATH. • On the 6th inst., at his residence, in Edinburgh,4enathan, eldest son of the late John Itigginson, Req., of Everton, Liver po94 aged M. Mawdsley's school-boy pocket perwils in great variety, 3d, 6d, and Is. Also, witing cases and desks, from ss. 4, Castle-street. THE PULPIT AND THE PRESS. —On Sundasy last an Independent minister, whilst officiating in , a Glasgow West-end cliapel, publicly prayed for the newspaper press of the kingdom, and more especially of that city, that it might be guided to take a correct view of all matters affectirig the public interest. -Once 'more Mr. Iti►bt. ChaMbers dentradictii (through the columns of The Sookselkr) the statement that he is the author of the -" Vestiges of Creation." It appears that his name is attached to the book as author in the British Museum catalogue, but this was the act of an unauthorised official. Some of the proof .sheets were forwarded to him, and it was in that way probably that. the rumour originated, REALISATION : OF A DREAM.—A correspondent of a :Bristol paper states that a remarkable coincidence is related by Thomas Stephens, a labourer milling at Old_ Down, near Thornbtfry. He says that his wife informed. him on the morning of Saturday se'nnight that she had dreamt that she would die that day week. Nothing more was thought of the matter, although the poor woman had been ailing, but on Saturday night last she died. ►SLAVE L.tw IN TUB UNITED STATES. —There is a carious.case shortly to come before the Federal Courts. A negro slave invented a machine, and applied for a patent. It was denied him, as a matter of course. lii master now insis on its being granted to him ; inasmuch as he owns the inventor, he owns the invention. But he is not the inventor, the patent office . hesitates, and he talks of a mandamus. What curious legal complications are raised by chattels. having faculties.—Need York correspondent of -the Daily News. MAN LIVING SEVERAL YEARS WITH HIS HEART ON THE RIGHT SIDE. A day or two ago a man died who had been for some months an inmate of one of our hospitals, and whose disease had exhibited such peculiar symptoms as to baffle the greatest skill of the best i!hysi clans. Under the circumstances it was deemed advisable to make a post mortem examination ; when it was found that in the diaphragm was a large hole, and that the from its natural position to the right side of, his body where it had performed its functions for several years. SINGULAR DEATH OT A CHILD IN ''BRISTOL.—TIIO White Lion public-house, on the quay, is kept by a Mr. Hurcom. He had a little boy, a most interesting child, about three years . and a half old, named Sidney, and o n Sunday morning several little children ware playing in one of the rooms of the house, and the deceased opened a drawer, where, among other things, he found a box of pills, some of which the child swallowed, and soon after wards he became siek, and vomited frequently. Towards evening his friends took him to Mr. Bryant, surgeon, who used stunulating remedies, but at a late hour of Abe night the child died.—Biistol Daily Press. THE WOOLWICH Ex &MI:VATIC:MS.—HOW CANIXDATES ARE TREATED.—These young men, about 100 in number, had been requested to attend at. Burlington-house at a quarter before ten in the morning for the purpose of undergoing a medical inspection. They presented them selves, expecting that they would at once be admitted into a room, and be examined by the surgeons. Unfor tunately for them, the examination has been transferred from the War Office to that of the Commaader- in -Chief, and the candidates were made to stand in the court of Burlington-house and scramble for admission like a crowd at the gallery door of a popular theatre. Some of the youths were thus kept stagnating in the cold foggy air more than five hours. COURT MARTIAL,—On Wednesday, a court-martial assembled on board the Waterloo, at Sheerness, to try Mr. Charles M‘Shane, surgeon, of the steam-sloop Alecto, for having, on the 14th August, 1858, acted in an insolent manner towards Commander James Hunt, by stating that if he (commander) had not got awnings he had better get them, or that sickness would occur on board the said sloop ; and also for turning his back in the face of said commander, while said commander was addressing him. After the examination of witnesses for the prosecution, Dr. M'Shane read a defence, in which he stated that he was only actuated by zeal for the service, to preserve the health of the crew and officers, and declaring that he did not turn away from the commander until he supposed he had finished the subject they were talking upon. The decision of the court was that the charges were proved ; but, in consequence of his excellent testi monials, and the high character given him by . his present commander, the court do only adjudge the prisoner to be reprimanded, and he is hereby reprimanded accordingly. The court then proceeded to try James Coghlan, gunner, of the steam-sloop Alecto, and in actual service and full pay of her Majesty's fleet, was, on or about the 12th day of August, 1858, between the hours of 6 and 7 o'clock in the evening, drunk on board the said sloop, and incapable of doing his duty while the hands were OR deck. The finding and sentence of the court were that the charge had been fully proved, and they adjudged the prisoner to be deprived of his warrant as a gunner, and to serve two years C 4 a Scanlan before being eligible to a rating as a petty officer. from Pernambuco are Dee. 16 news is thus summerised. Cotton I'he commercial There is but little alteration in prices, quotations being 7 600 rs to 7 800 rs. per arroba. Hides appear, very dull and sales have been made for small lots at - 225 rs. per lb. Rum has declined . from 80 000 rs. and 85 000 rs. to 65 000 rs. and 68 per pipe. Freights : Thirteen vessels have been chartered throughout _the month, .v at 37s ad to 32s 63. for Channel, 55s round the Horn for Genoa, and 50f. for Marseilles. Exchange About £120,000 on London have been transact since the.sailing of the last steame 28d, 264 d, and finally •26kd.. which we consider at rat firm ; on - Paris 560 f. to 600,000 f, at 360 rs., and. 365 rs. per franc, and on Hambttrgh 200,000 mares banco at 675 rs. Discounts : The rate at the banks was reduced from 10 to 9 per cent. per annum on the 20th ultimo ; and on the 6th instant it was again reduced to 8 per cent. - per annum. The receipts on all the Continental Railways continue favourable. Vor the last week of the old year they show, as compared with the correspond ing period of 1857, an increase of £12,400 on the Lyons :and Mediterranean ; of £7,780 on the Or leans • of £5,260 on the Western ; of £1,856. on the Geneva ;. of £1,364 on the Austrian ; of £1,960 on the Saragossa.; of £960 on the Lombardo-Vene tian; and of £l9 - 7 on the Victor Emanuel. The position of the market for American securities is thus noticed by Messrs. D. Bell, Son, land Co Daring the past week there has been a continued good demand for American state securities, and an active business has been done in them For railroad securities there has also been an improved demand, siderable investments have been made in the first class bonds; espedally in the First ltortgage Seven per Cent. Sterling Bonds of the Peruvian Railroad, at the price of 96 with dividend from October last. and some con- Amsterdam Ditto Rotterdam Brussels .„ Antwerp .. Hamburgli Marseilles. Frank fart. Vienna Petersburg Math-id 7 - 5-1( 4 1,259,581 583,96 FOREIGN EXCAANGES, Short .Threc Mouths, 11 ... 11 to 14i ~.. 15: 11 171 .. 11 17 11 ... 17( ... 11 17i 25 32i ... 25 35 Three Months BANE 'OF ENEMAND RETURNS, Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth Victoria cap. 23, for the , week ending Wednesday, Jan, 3,1839: 'ISSUE D:epAnntgarr Notes ice ued 1,015,1( Gold Coin and other t 1 8,56! £33,013,251 BA) LING )DEPARTMENT Government Seen- } 10,805,93 Proprietor's Capital. 14,553,000, Public Deposits ...... Other Deposits . . Seven-day & others 8,168,862 I rities 9,632,309 1 Other Securities 13,680,106 Notes. 821,795 Gold and Silver Coin £11,754,072 Total £41,754,07: Compared witlithe returns of the previous week the above shows the following results : Bullion Rest ... Seven-day & ether C 821..795 Bills Public Deposits Other Deposits Government Semi- 10,805,591—Decrease -Increase 9,632,3o9—Decrease Other Securities. 18,209,712 Notes unemployed... 12,161,000• Cash to liabilities 510 per Mil Decrease Rate of Interest YESTERDAY'S MARKETS 173,720 676,488 LIVERPOOL PP RODUCE.CoIoniaI, &c.—Sugar keeps steady ; 190 hogsheads Antigua are reported at 42s 6d, and 400 bags Maceio in bond, at 21s 3d per ewt. We have no furth er t ransact i ons to notice in Molasses or Ram. At auction, to-day, 60 casks, 1,500 bags, Ceylon Coffee found ready buyers at extreme rates ; Plantations realised 68s t0.75s Gd for low middling to middling :cploury ; Natives, 52s to 53s for ordinary, and 5Gs to 57s 6d per ewt. for fine ordinary to superior quality. The business in Rice is confined to 110 casks Carolina, at 18s 6d to 20s 6d per cwt. In Dr:woods the transactions are limited to 10 tons Maracaibo Fizstie, at £5 2s Gd; and 5 tons African black Ebony, at L 8 per ton. Nothing done in Ashes; Pots quoted at 295, and Pearls at 32s .to 32s (id. Of Saltpetre, 5 cases refined Bombay at 40s ; and in Aritrate of Soda, 250 bags have been sold at 15s 3d to 16s lid per ewt. for 6i per cent. refraction. 220 tons Brimstone are reported at £7 10s for thirds, find £7 158 per ton for best seconds; and 50 bags Sumac, at Ils Gd per cwt. At public sale, 1,050 boxes small Pearl Sago, chiefly Gil faults, bro w h t 15s 6d per cwt. for sound ; 150 bags black Pepper, all faults, 3 to 3id ; and 40 barrels Rio Tapioca, 6d per lb. Oils: Palm es at £39 to £39 lOs; 15 tuns of Olive have been placed at £49; small sales of Gallipoli, at £5l ; and Malaga and Sicily, at £5O per tun. In Linseed Oil, a little doing at 30s per cwt. Of Rosin, 120 barrels fine have been sold at 18s; and Spirits of Turpentine, 39s Gd, offered, and 40s asked. The market for Jute keeps steady, and at auction 620 bales realised £l6 lOs to £2l 15s. • We have also to ,notice 50 bales Bombay hemp, at £2O per ton. LIVERPOOL COTTON.—The cotton market during the past week very greatly assimilates in character to those of the few pre cedi n g weeks. Holders display a constant anxiety to proceed with sales, and have supplied the market almost to repletion, more particularly of Boweds, which have been very much pressed. Buyers of every denomination have purchased merely sufficient for the requirements of the moment, and have daily obtained a slight advantage, amounting in the week to 1-I w 6d et pe wi r l t b h . o o u n t all classes of American. Brazil and E !yptum 5 , _ change. Surat rather easier. The weekly sales are 3 4,490 bales, of which 670 are on speculation, and 2,4 2 0 for expo r t. 3 TIIIS wkEK. Import. Sales. I STOCK Phis Week. Mid. Fair. 560 Sea Island 8 , 753 8,000 Upland 8,040 Mobile 12,564 15,050 New Orleans 2,016 1,340 Brazil 531 2,080 Egyptian 14 60 West India 3,460 East India Id. d. d. 3 to 191112 k to 14 7i1!11 7 16615-11( 7_M _ 71 i =1,410 ails A-1( 5 i I 35,830 „ANCHEST ER TRADE REPORT. — Th e market continues perfectly ...A firm, but with less activity than on T uesda about giving y, as LONDON PRODUCE. - Bugar : The openin of this mark e t f or the year has not shown any decid e d alteration • from that of the closo of the last (1858). The trade have bought steadily of all qualities, chiefly the s trong -working and fine grocery descrip tions, whilst other sorts have been neglected, as speculators still k e ep out has been of the market, and, fo r low descriptions, 6d to, t; reduction accepted in order to effect sales. Refined remains unaltered ; lumps, 52s 6d to 545. Coffee : An advance of Is to Is 6d was established in the large public sales of planta tion Ceylon yesterday. Tea : The market has been firm, and the public sales are going off well to-day, at ful. prices. Cotton : Quotations are unaltered, but the amount of business done has been small. Rice : Low descriptions have sold to a fair extent at previous prices; good and fine Bengal have been out of demand. Rum : A few transactions have taken place at previous rates, Saltpetre : A very limited business. at rather lower prices. ,SPices, have sold steadily at full prices. In other articles no material alteration, but markets generally have been dull this week. LONDON Coax. In Mark-lane, to-day, the attendance of the trade was fair, the tone firm ; the tendency of prices of most articles rather up wards. The supply of home grown grain was small. The arrivals of foreign grain into London this week•were fair of wheat and barley, and large of oats. English wheat sold readily at last Monday's advance. Foreign held firmly. Flour was steady. Fine sorts of barley were firm in price, and also Danube and Black Sea improving in value. Owing to large arrivals of oats this week, the demand slackened, but holders did not appear anxious to sell at less money. Beans have been quiet at last quotations. Peas are unaltered in value. Boaoron llor.—The market is firm, and fine hops very scarce. LONDON TALLOW.. _ The market is steady. Town tallow, 51s Gd nett cash; Petersburg Y.C. on the spot, 525; January to March, 52s ; March only, 52s 6d; April to June, 58s 3d t o 6d; October to December, 51s 3d. LONDON MINING. —LI the mining market to-day, East Basset shares sr. 'latter, and hare receded to 175 to 185. Shares in •Russell, Wheal Trelawney, Wheal. Mary Arm, St. Aubyn, and Wheal Tehidv. are in The shares of the North Rhine C o 1 - eq ueSI. pper Mining Company of S3uth Australia continue in demand, and are officially marked and prem. Foreign mining sha res are nominally quoted the s WAKEFIELD Cosx.—At our market to-day there were short beans Were supplies of grain. Wheat was generally held for ari advance of • --- lsper quarter, but this checkedsales. Barley and muerarticies tnere ~as no change to notice. GLASGOW CORN. The market was very firm to-day, there a good demand for wheat, at fully Tuesday's pri ce .. Other articles were without change. GrAsoow laos.—Our market was firmer to, fourteen days, was offered, and 535, one month however, done, sellers rernsing th?se princes G.M.8., 52s 6d per ton. sy, and 53s 9d, Nothing Was, Nos. 1 and 3 SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE THIS DAT Baron Re . Cymbelini Eliza ... Preston (ss: Sverige ... Number 3 Dauntless Enterprise Camden Union . At LIVERPOOL HIGH WATER. Morn. Even. Height 1 35 .. 152.... 15 6 WIND E.N.I E.N.I HOLYHEAD •Fresh breeze Fresh breeze • ARRIVALS. holt .....Alexandria Cordelia Charleston .. . . . Maceio Dora .. Cape Haytien Harbour Grace' Helen .. ......... ....Bremen .London Isabella Miller e . ...Mazagan Nantes I Southampton ...... .. . Mobile Penang Leghorn Packet ... Stettin ....Alexandria Goede Verwatching Amsterdam ▪ Sligo Tit Bit •. . . . Iq . u . 1.. . Para ....lquique e Dumfries Zillah ... . SAILINGS. ....New York Quickstep .. . . Ostend Thame .. .. Singapore. Milton • Aden Doris ... Charleston Giaom Oliver Cromwell Rock City ..... John Ravenal St. Andrew's Auguste . New York Providence ... Galveston ...Marseilles . .Valparaiso )ordt 1 Alberdina Peterina .. La Guayra Uzella . . ....Rotterdam Alexandria La Guayra Lenos Ayres Maranham I Ellen ... ...Monte Video Bosphorous Alicante Antwerp MARITIME EXTRACTS LIVERPOOL, Jany. 7. Southampton, Austin, from Mobile, has arrived here after ashore on the Bar of Queen's Channel, but, without apparent Injury. .. The Eliza, from Harbour Grace, and Good Intent, hence to Faversham, were in contact on Thursday night, about ten miles. N. W. of the N. W, ,Lightship, when the latter immediately, sunk ; crew saved by the Eliza, arrived here. A der iict vessel, of about 300 tons, timber-laden, with painted ports, Union Jack flying, and her tops covered with canvasovan passed on the 26th Dec., in lat. 45 N., lon. 33, by the Richard Robinson, arrived here. _ . gth, bearing . 29, a short the narn ILivax, - Jan. 2.—A boat, of about six metres in lez Eole, Nantes." was picked up Dec distance from the port of La Flotte (Ile de Re). A. pipe of about six hectolitres, containing extract of wormwood, and marked " P. 3605, Arr, LusEL," and apparently about one month in the sea, has been picked up on the coast of the Ile de Re, arid deposited at the Custom-house at St. Martin. Report of the National Guard, arrived here from Galveston, sailed Nov: tuber 30 : Jan. 3 : Signalised the ship Lines, bound east, in lat. 50, ion, 8.56. Report of the Robert Ritson, arrived here from Calcutta On the 30th Oct. was in lat. 28.20 S., lon. 45.23 E.; out; all well. Jan. 5, off Tuskar, signalised the barque Cape Clear. The Robert Ritson reports having had a very fine passam only reefing topsai's once._ 61,d9.yi Nov. 13, Mary Carson (ship), bound to Queenstown, in lat. 52.30 S. lon. 28.20 W. Nov. 13, Countess of Sefton, bound to Liverpool, in lat. 52.30 S., lon. 28.20 W. Nov. 28. Ballarat, outward bound, all well, in lat. 22.34 S., lon 33.6 W Dec 2, Barque 3rd dis. pendt. 4701, outward bound, in lat. 11.0 S.. lon. 33.7 W 15, American ship Helliers, bound to Havre from New Jan. 3, - Packet ship Dreadnought, outward hound, - in lat. 50.50 N., lon. 13.10 W. Oct. 21, Raby Castle, in lat. 26.25 S., 104.4 7 Nov. 17, Exchange, in lat. 2 0 .1; s., lon. 51 W. Dec. 26, Albomorrelf in I:A. gym N . Rm. 32.59 W. Jan. 3, Ino, in lat , 15.38 N., lon. 12.23 W. Jan. 3, Miltiades, of Liverpool, water-logged and abandoned, in lat. 28.26 N., lon. 14 W. FOREIGN PORTS Atalanta. Wisemberg, hence ; Caroline, Backers, from Cardiff; Stratton, Gardner, from Swansea; and Anne, Mendwl, from Marseilles—all at Rio Janeiro. Miranda, Ryan, from Newfoundland ; Queen, Huggins, and Charles, Le Gresley, from_l , 7ewpoq r -all at Bahia. Oliver Blanchard from New Carlisle at Bahia, and sailed Dec, 9 for the Channel. Danube, and Rowena, both from Rosario ; Paine Queene, and Majesty, both from Clyde ; Search, from Goole ; and Regina and Cosmopolite, both from Cadiz—all at Mohte Video. Cassibelaius, from Falmouth at Suez Carib, from London ; Premier, from Rio Janeiro ; Fairy, from Maceio ;.Cora, Eliza, Runnymede, Crescent, Undine, Othello, Busy, and Dautzic, from Newfoundland ; Joshua and Mary, Francis Melly, and Phantom, from Cardiff; all at Pernambuco. Queen of die West, EnglI;1). Maid, and' Fairie Queene, from Rosario; Eliza Bell, from Cadiz ; Christina Carnal!, from Lon don ; Grimsby, from Rosario ; and Anne ;Duncan, from. Monte Video ; all hence at Buenos Ayres. Neptune, Lefeuvre; flor del Plata, Tiffin; Jo, Ariadne, and. Reciprocity ; all hence at Buenos Ayres. Zouave, Neva, Sunderland, and all Samuel Boddington, from Bombay at Ceylon Nov. 21 Symmetry, from London at Ceylon Nov. 24, MONTE VIDEO SHIPPING /From our Correspondent.) vesse, foreign ports.—Nov. 1, Eliza Bell, with salt, from Cadiz 9, Facrie Queene, general cargo, Glasgow; Nov. 11, Timoo ,r coal, Swansea; N0v.14, Aallotar, coal, Cardiff; Nov: 18, Zoagli, coal, Liverpool; Nov. 20, Reciprocity, salt, Cadiz, and N.E.V.A., general cargo, Liverpool; Nov. 21. Tigre, guano, Patagonia; Nov. 22, Pnnce of Wales, coals, Cardiff; Nov. 24, Hamon, salt, Cadiz ; Nov. 25, William Pcile, salt, Cadiz, and Majesty, genera cargo, Glasgow ; Nov. 26, Search, coal, Goole, Regina, salt, Cadiz, Cosmopolite, salt, Cadiz, Sidero, coal, Cardiff; Nov. 27, Fury, coal, Liverpool, and Sunderland coal, Liverpool. Departures.—Oct. 30, the Teazer, for Fray Benton ; Nov. I, Eliza Bell, Buenos Ayres ; Nov. 5, Alvina, England; _ Nov. 6, Florence, England ; Nov. 11. Timm.. . .ellOB Ayres 16, Bonita, Liverpool ;, Nov. 10, Rosario, Rosario ll ; Nov. 20, I. 0., and Reciprocity, Buenos Ayres ; Nov. 24, Hanover, Buenos Ayres • Nov. 25, W. Peile Buenos Ayres ; Nov. and Cosmopolite,' Buenos Ayres. English vessels in the Pcirt of Monte Video, Nov. Bth, 1858 : John Hillman, 224 tons, T. J. William; Thames, 846, John Callender; Lady Flora Hastings, 659, John Ritchie; Tyro; 165, James Alexander; Rosaria, 319, Richard Kelly ; Faerie Queene, 359, J. R. Thcimson ; N. E. V. A., 145, B. W. Leslie ; Prince of Wales, 351, J. M'Kennon; Tigre, 228, E. Rourke ; Majesty,. Search, Fury, and Sunderland. Vessels loading for England: Maria de la Concepcion, Tyro, John Hillman, Juan Banksta, and Genoa. Vessels cleared for England Milady Slavianin, and George Meticke. 26, R6gina, THE PILOTAGE AT MOULMAIY The following is a copy of a letter just received in Liverpool, and contains matter of great interest to shipowners and underwriters : I have the honour to enclose you a circular from the European branch of the pilot service at this port, which is now thrown open to competition, natives holding licenses the same as Europeans, with the same p r i v i leges, and every ship who takes a native pilot up the river, is compelled by a bye-law or regulation of the master attendant, to take the same down th e r i ver a ft er the ship l i a s t l io oa n d , e l dP co d n hi4 side l r ic° , nisseraistheetiruaaitr lrbtohaerr draft, This re commander n y, as a bdoisarcreetithe best of a ship does not like to have a pilot forced on hizi, who has not given him satisfaction in brinpgiorntg_thaiksinsliig opitt,:iuhispas. Although the competition in the pilot service is very benefi h stihnsafhotirpmthateot Eur opean pilot flag is red cial to the port and to the shippinginterest, the choice of the pilot z i has s h f o u u ll l d o b p e p o left n i t t o y t t o h efinmaasetuetews &min , * the time he remains in l t b h e e g Thiszontali 8 aenadsily l eave to bring to ion of commanders of vessels t p ouroiluont pilots t et o toi e et n eh t , i r sf t e i p s r t ot i t,e i and the native red and white perpendicular. w hitchori to be distinguished, and will save commanders a great deal of trouble and annoy- The by securin uropean pilot ' The S.W. m on so on - - - .and is now over, fine weather set ,in ; the water has taken off in the river very considerabl and so me of the sand shifted down. This riv y, e reqres co nstantly surveyin g , and Government should a r ppoin ui t an efficient o ffi cer for that purpose, which would prevent many ships from grounding. They commenced taxing the shipping on the Ist •f January last, with sixpence per ton port dues, and get nothing whatever for it ; no light-house to mark the entrance to this intricate river, and no assistance whatever rendered by Government in case of need. These province's are truly named Non-regulation Provinces In my humble opinion, it was never meant for military officers to rule or govern a shipping port ; every . officer or judge on the bench, from the commissioner downwards, are military men, and we hay no Queen's court to protect us ; but ' I hop e . we shall ern no be forgotten now that our Gracious Majesty's Go e v_ ed, ment is to rule over us. This port, propeTlY d T:,: lo ru ped, and the resources of the country around fully valuable to prove very with its extensive teak forest, will Great Britain. one up very much this The - price of teak timber has g per to n , an d quoted 6 5 rupees last month; it may now be q very scarce, in consequence of the great demand f or it i n k it win come down i n price Calcutta. Ido not thin before the end of Mar ch : when the new ti m b er commences to arrive from the interior. Trade and commerce at pr esent are very dull. Freights nominal to Calcutta, 18 rupees per ton; to- England £2 15$ per ton or 50 cubic feet.