The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-10-25 00:00:00

THE FATHER AT HIS CHILD'S GRAVE. MY soul is crushed, my bleeding heart is torn— 'Tis the Almighty's will ; Though bowed with sorrow, and with weeping worn, Lord, I adore Thee still 1 My little child—my daughter—oh, my pride I Thou liest pale and wan ; The narrow grave will all thy beauty hide, — Gone, gone—for ever gone l Oh, sweetest, loveliest, most heavenly flower, That graced the household tree, Though guarded well with love, thy earthly bower Was not a home for thee. Enfranchised spirit ! through the gloom I see Thy crown-encircled brow, And shining robe of spotless purity,— A saint in glory, thou ! Bright one, farewell I—Ascended to thy rest We meet on earth no more; But Faith points out a union ever blest When mortal griefs are o'er I Liverpool, October, 1852. HENRY GRAZEBROOK REVIEWS OF BOOKS. The Church of England Quarterly Review. lxviii, London: 'W. E. Painter. The contents of the October number of this well conducted periodical are varied and generally of grave importance. The first paper is devoted to the consideration of " The Holy Eucharist," in which the doctrines of Archdeacon Wilberforce con nected with that subject are examined at consider able length. The next matter taken up is the stirring question, " Why has the Papacy so far succeeded ?" This article is founded on three small publications recently issued, one from the pen of the notorious Dr. Newman, one by Mr. J. W. Allies, and one by the Rev. H. Smith. The principal object of this paper, in examining the arguments of the three gentlemen named, is to point out the difference in essentials between the true Protestant Church of Christ and the Church of Rome. In doing so, the writer shows that the chief ground of Popish success has been the adoption of portions of Christian truth, the virtues of which have been sufficient, to float through the storms of time and contention, the enormous mass of heresy and error which has been engrafted on and hung around them. He insists on the necessity of a clear understanding of the differences and distinctions existing between these as indispensable to a successful attack upon the Romish system, in order that our missiles may be rightly directed. The paper is well written, and will repay an attentive perusal. A notice of the life and opinions of Ulrich Von Hutten occupies the third paper, which is followed by a readable critique on Atherstone's " Fall of Nineveh," and another on Palliser's " Life in the Prairies." In a paper entitled " Alchemy and Gold," the probable effect of the gold discoveries in California and Aus tralia is discussed with calmness and intelligence. The paper is founded on a series of letters by P. J. Stirling in which the probable consequences of those discoveries are carefully examined. The reviewer, after displaying much research into the arcana involved in the political bearings of the subject, concludes an ably-written and deeply interesting paper with the following valuable obser vations on THE VALUE OF OUR. AUSTRALIAN CONNEXION. Already the effect of Australian wealth is being sensibly felt here in the shape of import and export, besides the continual amount of specie sent over. The great and in creased consumption, rendered greater by the late enormous tide of emigration, has increased our exports to au in credible extent ; and we have used what of Australian gold there was at hand in payment for the raw material, without a fear for any deficiencies to be met. It is still in the pas toral and the agricultural wealth of this great country that we must look for that stability of manners and of comfort always the concomitant of pursuits that are local, lasting as the years, and dependent on seasons, and not on discovery. We might have converted our able-bodied pauper population, at the cost of the keep here, into cus tomers there ; and given to broken men, ease, esteem, and self-respect, now bending beneath the iron rod of a hope less cankering penury. Men could not, or would not, go forth in sufficient numbers, till the discovery of gold created an inspiring stimulus ; but because out of evil good may come, so out of this craving for immediate wealth, and because so many realised the wish, and thus justified the eagerness of a general hope, the best may yet he augured ; because, if ever the " diggings" cease to an swer expectations on a limitless and extravagant scale, the plough and the crook, corn and cattle, sheep and wool, will prove another and a nobler mine ; and the prolific capabilities of Australia, uniting their resistless and measureless treasures—animal, vegetable, and mineral together—will distribute more equally and more equita bly a wealth which all shall share and labour for ; and, while envy at the success of one can scarcely exist, con tentment is certain to be there, and contentment is the basis of true happiness. Within this last month our ex ports have amounted to three millions and a-half more than they were at the same time last year; and nearly twice as much more has been imported as at the same period in 1852. Consumption in every article of food is on the increase. Wages are greater, and more money is expended as a consequence. It is gratifying, as well as significant, that the great bulk of the exports to Australia are home manufacture—the produce of our own artizan industry. As their numbers increase, so will the demand, and a new and continually enlarging market opens a fresh field for commercial enterprise and promises a reciprocal Prosperity. We have many tangible proofs of this latter. If the violence of the gold fever does not leave behind it other consumptive seeds than the first passionate rush — the eager avidity and the desire disappointed or insatiate —let us be contented and thankfal, and hope for the best. It would be ungrateful to create an imaginary evil, since the remedy must be just as hypothetical. Meantime, the progress of Australian matters requires close watching ; and we trust that the Government at home will not stop short in the policy that prompted it to abandon the un wise plan of sending felons and convicts among enter prising colonists and honest men. Besides the papers enumerated in the October number, there are several essays of varying degrees of merit, and a series of excellent summary notices of new books. The Handbook of Foliage and Foreground Drawing. By George Barnard. London : Ingram, Cooke, and Co. The author, artist, and compiler of this book is a teacher, and, judging from the work before us, a practical and judicious one. His directions are plain, comprehensible, and easy of application ; his examples and initiatory studies useful to the pupil, pleasing to the eye, and so graduated in the ad vancing steps of artistical tuition, as to form in teresting as well as valuable exercises. Altogether the book is tastefully got up, cleverly illustrated, and of a generally prepossessing a character. Memoirs of Thomas Chalmers, D.D., L.L.D. By the Rev. W. Hanna, L.L.D. Edinburgh : Thomas Constable and Co. The great and deserved popularity enjoyed by Dr. Chalmers during his life, and the many in teresting scenes i n w hi c h h e per f orme d a con spicuous part, natu ra lly con f er upon hi s memoirs animportance rarely accorded to the worldly move ments of a Scottish clergyman. To a fervid ima gination, Dr. Chalmers united reasoning powers of no ordinary strength, and his course through life was marked by such a straightforward honesty of purpose, and single-minded simplicity of character, as gained him the esteem of all parties. From the prominent position he long occupied in the Church of Scotland, and from his extensive con nexion with Scottish theological literature, Dr. Chalmers was necessarily placed in personal com munication with most of the leading men of his day, including politicians, theologians, and scientific as well as literary men ; and his memoirs abound with interesting anecdotes arising out of his inter course with most of the men of mark who figured during his protracted and busy pub! 'c career. The narrative of those circumstances and events which constituted his public life is carefully and well written by his son-in-law, Dr. Hanna, evincing as it does the tenderness of private friendship mingled with the responsible duty of the biographer, w:th out an undue admixture of either ingredient. This judiciousness of management, combined with the interest of the narrative itself, has contributed to render the work a highly popular one ; and its publication in the present cheap form cannot fail to render its sale very extensive. Success as a commercial speculation is deserved by its beauty and cheapness ; as a literary work, by its excel lence ; as a home companion, by its intrinsic worth as the life-record of a good and great man. Titz-Alwyn, the First Lord Mayor. By Miss E. M. Stewart. London : Ingram, Cooke & Co. The present, which forms the sixth volume of the City Tales, completes the series. Fitz-Alwyn is a tale of the Drapers' Company, and is prefaced Ly a brief historical notice of the origin and pro reßs of the company. The tale itself is illustra tive of city life at an early period of the company's 13 32 "ce, which is supposed to have commenced in told 1332 . The adventures and incidents are spiritedly ; i n n e volume like its predecessors, is taste rni) ha' Wm f orm e and illustrated, and the series presenter a handsome set for birthday or holiday The Poultry Ireeper' s Guicle. By J. M. Moffatt. Londo n : Dean a n d S on . A convenient and i ntelligible hand-book for the poultry fancier, eon • • g useful information re lative to the rearing -AA breeding of fowls. The Physiology of Temperance and Total Absti nence. By W. B. Carpenter, 111. D., F.R.S., &c. London : H. G. Bohn. Convinced as we have always been, of the great social benefits which must necessarily arise from the general adoption of temperance principles and practice, we have been at the' same time debarred from sympathising with many of its advocates, on the broad ground of the intem perance manifested in their declamations, and the false logic involved in the violent denunciations of all who do not assent in the fullest degree to their overstrained conclusions. Not a few of those gentry who are noisy declaimers at what are called " temperance conventions," or " teetotal confer ences," claim our attention, and seek to engage our sympathies, by demonstrating that, in their unregenerated days, they led lives from which respectable men would shrink with loathing ; and that they were addicted to habits which it would be a libel to impute to even the brute creation. Such ill-prepared advocates are, at the best, dan gerous aids to any cause ; and it is a vain effort in men to claim credit for a principle which neces sity alone has driven them to a late, and, after all, only doubtful, acquiescence in. Apart altogether from the lack " of that charity which speaketh no evil," so generally characteristic of teetotal ha rangues, the majority of tracts and essays which have emanated from parties countenanced by the promoters of the movement have been so filled with overstrained eulogia of their own doctrines, and so loaded with invective against all who hesitate to receive their assumptions of fact, and to concur in the deductions sought to be established from them, that sober-minded inquirers have been repelled from any intercommunion with their authors, have been taught to look with suspicion on their abet tors, and with repugnance on the cause they seek to advance. In Dr. Carpenter's work we are glad to recognize a better spirit, and with it we hail what appears a quiet, truthful, and philosophic advocacy of a great and good principle, which, dis passionately followed up, and expounded in the same persuasive, yet modest style, cannot fail to produce highly beneficial results. This excellent work is, indeed, a scientific and systematic inquiry into the physiology of temperance, and the phy siology and pathology of drunkenness. These im portant subjects of inquiry he divides into seven heads, and discusses them under form of the fol lowing propositions on THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC ACTION. I. The action of alcohol upon the animal body in health is essentially poisonous, producing such a disturbance in the regular current of vital action as, when a sufficient dose or succession of doses is administered, becomes fatal. 11. The consequences of the habitual excessive use of alcoholic liquors, as proved by the experience of the medical profession, and generally admitted by medical writers, are precisely such as the study of its effects in poisonous doses would lead us to anticipate, various diseases being thus induced in the organs whose actions are peculiarly liable to derangement from the presence of alcohol in the system. 111. The habitual moderate use of alcoholic liquors has a tendency to produce morbid actions in those organs espe cially acted on by them, which ultimately manifest them selves in various chronic diseases of advanced life. _ _ IV. The preceding conclusion, as to the remotely inju rious effects of the " moderate" use of alcoholic liquors, is borne out by the comparative rapidity with which similar results develope themselves in tropical climates. V. The capacity of the healthy human system to sustain as much bodily or mental labour as it can be legitimately called on to perform, and to resist the extremes of heat and cold, as well as other depressing agencies, is not augmented (as commonly supposed) by the use of alcoholic liquors ; but, on the contrary, their use under such circum stances tends positively to its impairment. VI. Although there are certain exceptional cases, in which occasional or even habitual recourse may be had to alcoholic liquors with apparent advantage, the number of cases in which permanent benefit is gained by their use is much less than is generally supposed, their effect being rather to palliate the results of departures from the laws of health than to antagonise or remove their causes, and any temporary increase of power beinc , usually purchased at the expense of a grea t er su b sequen t' diminution in the capacity of exerting it. VII. Whilst the habitual use of alcoholic liquors, even in the most moderate amount, is likely (except in a few rare instances) to be injurious rather than beneficial, great benefit may be derived in the treatment of diseases from the medicinal use of alcohol in appropriate cases. Having so stated his propositions, he goes on to show that to ensure the efficacious operation of the " temperance principle," experience has taught that total abstinence is the only safe and certain means, and on this ground he advocates, and con vincingly advocates its adoption, by the intelligent and influential classes, as the most potent and efficient means of enforcing the precept. In the course of his inquiry the doctor discusses the subject of intemperance in its various social and frequently appalling aspects. Like most writers on the subject he dwells at much length on its baneful influence as an incentive to crime. His investigations under this particular head of inquiry are hardly, in our estimation, so satisfactory in their results as they are on some other of the points considered. His data in this instance are generally derived, directly or indirectly, from the criminals ; and all experience goes to show how very little reliance is to be placed on the :declarations of such parties. In most cases they are lamentably ignorant and unprincipled, yet generally pos sessed of sufficient cunning to perceive the re sults intended to be arrived at by their interro gators, which their own unscrupulousness, and an innate desire to palliate their crimes, leads them at once to humour and to gratify by all manner of self-accusations, but the right ones. There can exist no reason for doubting that a large amount of crime originates in intemperance ; but there are also grave reasons for believing that it receives even more than its due share of blame in respect to that great social evil. The effects of intem perance, in producing a mentally degenerated offspring, is a phase of the social malady which was not likely to escape the observation of so earnest an inquirer and so acute a reasoner as Dr. Carpenter ; and he cites instances in corroboration of his views as follows : DRUNKENNESS CAUSES MENTAL DEBILITY IN THE OFFSPRING. The drunkard not only injures and enfeebles his own nervous system, but entails mental disease upon his family. His daughters are nervous and hysterical ; his sons are weak, wayward, eccentric, and sink under the pressure of excitement, of some unforeseen exigency, or the ordinary calls of duty. On this point, however, the most striking fact that the writer has met with, is con tained in the report on idiocy lately made by Dr. Howe to the legislature of Massachusetts. " The habits of the parents of 300 of the idiots were learned; and 145, or nearly one-half, are reported as known to be habitual drunkards." Such parents, it is affirmed, give a weak and lax constitution to their children, who are conse quently, "deficient in bodily and vital energy," and pre disposed by their very organisation to have cravings for alcohol stimulants ; many of these children are feeble and live irregularly. Having a lower vitality, they feel the want of some stimulation. If they pursue the course of their fathers, which they have more temptation to, and less power to avoid, than the children of the temperate ; they add to their hereditary weakness, and increase the tendency to idiocy in their constitution,—and this they leave to their children after them. * * * * There is every reason to believe that the monomania of inebriety not only aggravates, and renders more deleterious, whatever taint may exist in the individual ; but that it vitiates or impairs the sources of health for succeeding generations. The doctor is eloquent and convincing in showing the debasing influence of inebriety upon the moral constitution ; he is equally effective in demon strating it to be productive of physical weakness, as that is evinced in a diminished power of sustain ing or resisting injuries caused by disease or acci dent. With much success he combats the opinion that the moderate use of alcoholic stimuli is bene ficial to the system, by showing that its frequent application even in small quantities is not only unnecessary for the maintenance of bodily and mental vigour, but is unfavourable to the perma nent enjoyment of health. In a very interesting section of the work he examines and dissipates the popular ideas of such stimulants being required in certain conditions, or at certain periods of life. In conclusion, we are glad to have at last met with a declared advocate of total abstinence from intoxi cating liquors, who bases his advocacy on calm inquiry, and enforces it in a systematic manner by rational views unfoldedwith temperance of language and modesty of demeanor. Yankee Humour, and Uncle Sam's Fun. London : Ingram, Cooke and Co. This volume of transatlantic humour contains a large amount of mirth-provoking grotesquerie. It is prefaced by a protracted and somewhat heavy introduction from the pen of Mr. W. Jerdan. The illustrations, eight in number, are clever, though so much overstrained as to border on caricature. NEW MUSIC. The Magic of Home—The Captive—Oh ! do not leave thy native land. London : Jewel and Co. Three ballads of varying claims to popularity; the first-named has pleasing words set to a pleasing air by the late J. Blewitt, the indefatigable com poser of fully 2,000 songs, not a few of which have met with extensive public favour. The other two are respectively by R. E. Best and IL Tindal. Of both, the melodies are tuneful and appropriate. A POSTMA.STEIIy while puzzling out a very uncertain superscription on an Irish letter, jocosely remarked to an intelligent son of Erin, who stood by, that the Irish brought a hard set of names to this country. " Ah ! yes," replied the Iriskman, "but they git divilish sight harder ones after they arrive here." THE LIVERPOOL STANDA RD, AND GENERAL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER THE EMIGRANT SHIP ANNIE JANE LAST week we gave publicity to a communication con cerning some allegations, advanced in a highly-respectable Scottish newspaper, relative to a seeming carelessness, if not culpability, on the part of our local authorities in con nexion with the Annie Jane, whose unfortunate loss recently caused so heavy a sacrifice of human life. We are glad to find that the allegations are unfounded; that, in point of fact, so soon as the complaint was made inquiry took place ; and furthermore, that the complaint did not in any form impet:ch the seeming safety of the vessel. In the communication referred to the writer glanced at the probability of the calamitous event being converted into charges against the character of Liverpool as a port of emigration, and pointed out the expediency, or rather the necessity of having the cirunistances investigated and the allegations confuted. His conjecture seems in course of being realized. Some of the less scrupulous of the Glas gow newspapers have been doing their best to convert the allegation referred to into trading capital for their own city as a port of emigration. One of these journals, the Glasgow Examiner—whose influence, happily, is so truly estimated, that the character of any community is likely to sustain but small injury from its attacks—has been making considerable stir about the unfortunate event. In its columns we find the charge alluded to by our correspondent reiterated with bitter pertinacity. Fortunately, however, for the ends of justice, it furnishes not only the allegation, but the grounds on which that allegation rests. From these we learn that the complaints made by the passengers of the Annie Jane, on her return to port after the first of her disasters, were in reality investigated, and a report (from memory) of that investigation is given in the journal referred to, signed by William Hendrie and James Turner, Lwo of the passengers who left the ship. The Glasgow Examiner, more virulent, or less cautious than the Herald, gives also the petition presented to the Mayor of Liverpool; it is signed by not less than eighty-one of the returned passengers. Neither of those documents, in even the most distant hint, convey a suspicion that the vessel was unsea worthy; while both are pointed and loud in complaints as to short supplies of the provisions served out to the passen gers, in breach, as they say, of a contract between them and the owner. Scant provender, if endured, is a form of suffering no doubt exceedingly hard to bear, and one which, on a pro tracted voyage, would prove dangerous as well as disagree able ; but it is one over which the municipal authorities of Liverpool, like those of other ports, have no controul. The duty of ascertaining adequacy in such furnishings, as well as otherwise securing the comfort and safety of emi grants, devolves upon an officer of Government, with whose appointment or functions the authorities of neither Liverpool nor Glasgow are entitled or permitted to inter fere. So far, then, as the lamentable event can be com prehended, under present circumstances, the catastrophe, sorrowful and fatal though it was, cannot be charged against the authorities or the community of Liverpool, but was one of those inscrutable, though deplorable, dispensa ons of Providence from which no seafaring population can be held exempt, and any effort to fix extraneous cul pability in connexion with which is not' more ungenerous than it is flagitious. ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. PAPAL AGGRESSION. TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sin,—The tenacity of purpose with which the priest hood of Rome, from the Pope downwards, has ever sought, and continues now to seek, in a most marked manner, to subject the population of every country in which they can get a footing to mental thraldom to themselves, can hardly fail to be noticed by every observant mind ; but an unaccountable apathy to their doings seems to have seized the bulk of Protestants in this Protestant country. Some half century ago it was almost a rarity to meet a Catholic priest ; but now they literally swarm in our streets, and every effort seems to be made to familiarise the public with them and their dogmas. We all recollect the recent visit of Cardinal Wiseman and his lectures. We have also had Dr. Newman lec turing about the Turks ; and we have now that firebrand, Dr. Cahill, advertising to give lectures ; but the proceeds, partly accruing from Protestants, are always exclusively to aid Romish institutions : never, as far as I recollect, in aid of such institutions as the Dispensaries, Infirmaries, &c., &c. I would respectfully caution Protestants not to be carried away by the mere novelty of hearing a Romish priest lecture to aid them in their endeavours to become dominant in this free country, and to give any sanction to them, which an attendance of their lectures would fairly imply ; for their acting in this way, I make no doubt, is only part of an organised system of ultimately establishing an ascendancy in this country. I see the walls placarded every now and then with announcements of the perform ance of High Mass and other superstitious and idolatrous acts, which used not to be the case • surely they could circulate the information of these performances in a more private and less offensive manner among their own com munity. . Political parties are so evenly balanced in Parliament, that a small knot of priest-made Irish members, acting under orders from the priests, and firmly banded together, have most likely inflicted a Puseyite Ministry on the country; for we have one (as witness the abject and mean truckling of the Premier to the two or three Romish members of the Cabinet), and the almost open encourage ment of the priests to bluster and become rampant in the land. The priests are endeavouring to get a footing in our Town Council. The candidate for Vauxhall Ward (in his private capacity a worthy man, I believe) is a nominee ofthe priests. In his address he states that he admires the present ministry, and is a firm friend of civil and religious liberty. How can a Roman Catholic with truth say this ? In countries where the Popish religion is dominant, do they grant civil and religious liberty ? Is there religious liberty in Rome, in Tuscany, in Spain, in Aust►ia ? In this Protestant country there is at present both civil and reli gious liberty, and long may these blessings be preserved to us ; but, except Protestants become more watchful and vigilant, I fear these blessings may be endangered. In Protestant countries the priests cry out for civil and religious liberty, and they get it ; but, in coun tries where they are dominant, they do not allow it. Protestants of all denominations, think seriously of this state of things. Open your eyes, and endeavour to with stand and counteract the secret but determined and ever active efforts of the Romish priesthood to subject this free country to subserviency to Rome and its institutions, such as confession, the inquisition, the abeyance of all religious freedom of thought and action, and mental subjection to the priests in things the most sacred and important. A PROTESTANT DISSENTER. Liverpool, Oct. 22, 1853. TOXTETH WARDS. TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SIR,—In your Friday contemporary, "A Liberal Elector" is very indignant at there being no opposition to Messrs. Gregson and Holme. Allow me to enlighten him on the subject, by telling him that the "Liberals" "know the reason why ; " and that if he looks backwards int o th e annals of elections in Toxteth wards, he will see that in North Toxteth last year, Mr. Hilton Halhead (Conserva tive) defeated Mr. Thomas Lloyd (Radical) ; and that South ToActh, though there was no contest last year, there was the year before, when Mr. John Stewart (Conservative) defeated Mr. E. C. Hindley (Radical) ; in both cases by overwhelming majorities. The " Liberal Elector" will thus see that experience of the past prevents the " Liberals" from contesting these wards.—l am, Sir, yours, truly, PITT•STREET WARD. TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Sra,—A letter, signed " An Elector," appears in Fri day's Mercury, insinuating that a number of Reformers signed Mr. Jeffreys' Requisition, being led to believe it was Mr. J. R. Jeffery, of Compton-house, who was the candi date. As I obtained nearly all the names that were attached to that Requisition, I demand to know who are the parties that I deceived, or who were so deceived. Ido not believe "An Elector's" statement. You will, perhaps, allow me to say a little with respect to our candidate, Mr. W. P. Jeffreys, and then I shall leave your readers to judge whether those Reformers are, or ought to be, as ignorant as " An Elector" would make them appear. Mr. W. P. Jeffreys has been a ratepayer in the ward up wards of twenty-three years. _ About five years ago, at the general Easter vestry, on the motion of Mr. John Smith, he was elected an over seer of this extensive parish. He discharged his duties so satisfactorily, that when a vacancy occurred in the representation of the ward, he was requested by a number of gentlemen to offer himself as a candidate. A requisition was got up, and received the signatures of a large number of electors of all shades of politics ; and a deputation waited upon Mr. Jeffreys at his house in Washington-street, accompanied by Mr. John Smith, who was specially invited, not being an elector of the ward, but who was connected with the Mercury, and was a warm admirer of our proceedings. Mr. Jeffreys accepted the requisition, and was elected unanimously. His period of office being about expiring, he has been presented with another requisition, numerously signed by men of all parties, and by far the most respectable that ever emanated from Pitt-street Ward. A tradesman in the ward twenty-three years ; overseer two years ; councillor three years ; and yet, according to "An Elector," mistaken by his neighbours for a man who has no connection with the ward,—and who was never either councillor or overseer ! David, it won't do ! Mr. John Smith, to whom I have twice alluded, has come forward as a candidate in opposition to Mr. Jeffreys. Mr. Smith has lent the use of his name to the men of enlarged minds—comprehensive views, &c., many of whom, like Mr. Smith, were supporters of Mr. Jeffreys three years ago. In conclusion, Mr. Editor, you need not fear the issue of the contest. I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, CHARLES CALLIS. Liverpool, Oct. 24, 1853. ACCIDENT TO THE STEAMER DISPATCH.—The mail steamer Dispatch, Capt. Babot, from St. Helier, Jersey, to Southampton, on Monday, last week, encountered a severe storm. When off the Corbiere, her main shaft broke, and two eccentric rods snapped, rendering her machinery un available. In setting the main -sail, the peak halyard block broke ; and when it was replaced the halyard broke. Captain Babot then let go the anchors. She was soon taken in tow, and after great hazard was safely harboured. The passengers were in a state of in tense terror, many of them kneeling and praying. LIVERPOOL BOROUGH SESSIONS. THE Liverpool October Sessions opened yesterday, at St. George's Hall, before GILDERT HENDERSON, Esq., Recorder. There were, according to the calendar, 70 prisoners for trial, 63 of these being charged with felony, and 7 with misdemeanor. Not one of the prisoners was put down as having received a superior education ; 3 could read and write well ; 31 could read and write imperfectly ; 11 could read, but not write; and 35 could neither read nor write. The court having been opened with the usual formali ties, the following gentlemen were sworn on THE GRAND JURY Walter Fergus Macgregor, ironfounder, • Vauxhall-road, foreman. W. Bowman, merchant, Fenwick-street. Adam Fairrie, sugar refiner, North John-street. John Golding, Jun., sharebroker, Exchange-street East. John Thos. Leyland, merchant, Exchange-street East. Charles Moore, merchant, Rumford-street. Wm. John Marrow, merchant, Brunswick-street. Jacques Myers, broker, Exchange-street West. Wm. Macfie, sugar refiner, Temple-street. Samuel M`Gill, merchant, Brunswick-street. Robert Procter, broker, Brunswick-street. Alfred W. Powles, merchant, Water-street. Jabez R.aynes, broker, Exchange-alley North. Alexander Shand, merchant, Old Churchyard. Archibald Sinclair, merchant, Chapel-street. George Scholfield, merchant, Exchange-alley North. Wm. John Tomlinson, merchant, Rumford-street. John James Scott, merchant, Brunswick-street. William Wilson, commission agent, Pembroke-place. John Worrell, merchant, Salthouse Dock. The Learned RECORDER, in his charge to the Grand Jury, said :—As from day to day we looked at the weather glass, so, from sessions to sessions, one was apt to look at the calendar as some index of the state of crime. Now, without asserting that it was at all an infallible criterion, he thought the state of the present calendar presented some room for gratification, rather than for alarm. After the lapse of now eight weeks, the number of seventy prisoners was not very great, and the general character of the offences, he thought they would find not very seri ous. The number would clearly have been less, if some parties had not contributed by their negligence, and others by their own loose and disorderly conduct, to the thefts and mischief of which they complained. Nothing was more satisfactory in the administration of justice, now a-days, than the change that had taken place in respect to thieving, which was much less seldom accompanied with violence than it used to be; and he thought it justified, and, indeed, required a more lenient view than he could formerly take; but he should always think it right to mark with corresponding severity cases in which violence was used. In the present calendar there was a case in which, at the dead of night, a person, who had secured the window and door of his bed-room, was alarmed by his wife telling him that there was some person in the room. On hearing this, he did find on the floor a man who had been concealed in the room when they went to bed. The man was taken without, as far as it appeared, any serious resistance. Now, if he had had in his possession any deadly weapon, or if he had used great violence upon that occasion, he (the learned Recorder) should have considered himself called upon to inflict a much more severe castigation, than under the circumstances, upon proof, it would probably require. He mentioned this for one reason. The man when taken said he had taken nothing, and it was true nothing was found upon him ; but the gentleman had left his purse in his pocket. His trousers were removed from the chair where they had been put, and the purse was found on the floor a few yards off. If they should be satisfied that the purse was taken by that man with intent to steal it, then, although it was so recovered, and the man did not get away, he need hardly tell them that in point of law that was a stealing of the goods, which would be complete. At the same time, when he observed that' in general theft was not so frequently accompanied with violence as used to be the case, one did see a clasS of offences rising up of late in which persons had been seized in the street, almost strangled, and treated with very great violence ; and on the same principle that he vould deal leniently with such cases as those he had mentioned, he thought in these cases great severity should be exer cised towards such persons, to put them down, by those who were empowered to administer the law. In such cases he had so dealt with them. He was not aware that the present calendar presented any cases of that nature. He did, however, regret to see that there were no less than five of the misdemeanour cases of stabbing—cases in which knives had been resorted to. He was not aware that the court had been wanting in due severity, taut he certainly found that offence upon the increase, and felt himself called upon to act accordingly. It was nothing in extenuation to say that in three of these cases the men were under the influence of drink. Perhaps the other two also might have been, but though that might account for it, it did not at all excuse it, or render it the less necessary to put down, if possible, by severe punishment such offences. He had also witnessed frequently in that court a very brutal and barbarous class of offences. He had had one instance in which a man had attempted to tear the eye of another man out of the socket. He was punished both by fine and imprisonment ; and he (the Recorder) was happy to say he had not had any others of that particular offence. Several cases had occurred with in the last year or two of persons who had absolutely bitten off part of the noses of others. Here again was an abominable, barbarous, and inhuman proceeding which must be effectually.discouraged. He had endeavoured to do so in cases which came before him. There were none such in the present calendar, but there was a case, as stated in the deposition, in which a man had bit off part of another's ear. This again was of that class which, he said, required to be effectually dis couraged. The gentlemen of the Jury would be aware of the difficulty which had arisen with regard to transportation. They were aware that for a long time the administration of the law on this subject had been in a transition state. In the mode in which persons had been dealt with under that law, the sentences were subject to fluctuations. Many things had been tried, and at last a very decided step had been taken to limit the number of the sentences of transportation, and, in fact, it was pro bable that they might fall altogether into disuse. It so happened that that court was for the first time, in this sessions, to administer the altered law, and perhaps it might not, therefore, be out of place in him to make some remarks on the subject. For the future, no sentences of seven or ten years' transportation would be passed. Sen tences of transportation for fourteen years or for life might be passed, but even in those cases the judge would have a discretion, and, in cases of transportation for life, might, instead of transporting for life, sentence a person to be kept in penal servitude for life,—so that, in regard to shorter sentences of transportation, sentences of penal servitude for a term of years would be substituted ; and, as a matter of course, and probably eventually, the vitude. Now the length of that course varied in pro sentences would always be for some time of penal serportion to the sentence of transportation to which a party would be 'Wile. In lieu of transporta tion for seven years, the term of penal servitude is four years ; instead of transportation for ten years, the term of penal servitude might be from four to six years ; instead of transportation for fifteen years, the penal servi tude might be from six to eight years ; instead of a term of transportation exceeding nfteen years, the penal servi tude might be awarded as from six to ten years ; and in stead of transportation for life, penal servitude for the term of life. Now, it would be dangerous for persons to flatter themselves that under those sentences the punish ment would be light. It would be a great mistake to suppose that transportation was abolished. Transportation was not abolished. Transportation, under any of these circumstances, might take place to any of her Majesty's colonies. It must be recollected that there were colonies where there were no complaints, and settlements where there would be objection, by the inhabitants, to the re ception of convict labour; as for instance, Gibraltar, Bermuda, and even the western part of Australia. It was probable, and likely, transportation would still go on to some extent ; and therefore, under any of those sentences of penal servitude, a person might find him self in one of those colonies. It seemed to him a person might consider it a very alarming thing the very uncertainty how a man would be dealt with under his sentence. He did not know, and the judge who passed the sentence could not tell him. A man sentenced to penal servitude might find himself in the seclusion of separate confinement at Pentonville—he might find him self labouring in the dock-yard at Woolwich, or at Ports mouth, carrying heavy burdens day by day—or lie might find himself working at fortifications at Portsea, or he might find himself quarrying in the Island of Portland, or assisting in making the breakwater, there—or he might find himself in the same way employed about the fortifi cations at Gibraltar—or he might find himself in that unwholesome island, of which he (the learned Recorder) had read so much, Bermuda,—or he might find himself at the Antipodes. Now he said, though there was great latitude taken in acts of parliament how government may deal with those persons under sentences of penal servitude, they had a deal to fear as to what they had to undergo in such a sentence ; but without seeing how particularly that might be carried out, this was certain, that in general they would have to labour, undergo severe labour, deprived of course of the society of their friends, removed from the places which were dear to them, and kept for a long term in some useful (it might be hoped) labour, but subject to all the restraints.ofimprisimment. Now, when he described this as the consequence of crime, and the consequence of such sentences,—at the same time it was not intended that the parties should be left without hope, nor would they be left without hope if by their good conduct they merited any indulgence ; and whateve r th e sen t ence , it m i g ht b e for life or for a shorter pe r i o d, it did not follow that government would insist upon their being kept in prison during the whole of that term, because the law expressed that if her Majesty should please to grant a license and permission to return to society they might do so even before the end of the term to which they were sentenced. Then of course it was to be expected that her Majesty in her wisdom, and with the advice which she would receive, would Prematurely, except from their conduct t o h t er reesshouldthembeemreasaa to think they had sincerely repented of their crime, and they were likely to return to society without doing further mischief. No doubt it was a very serious experiment to return persons under those circumstances to society at all, because it would be seen they were, while under the sentences, removed from all those temptations, removed from the bad society of all their own companions, and there was perforce a temptation in degree when they returned to them. Still, however, it was only fair that persons so sentenced should, by their good conduct, have a fair chance given them of amending their condition. In the experiment of their restoration to society, it seemed to him that it might be made more safely than it could some years ago. He had great confidence in the police establishment, in the control they gave, and the watchf u l ness they exercised swhiothuid be regard to restored to society, there was power kept that if they misconducted themselves, her Majesty had the se parties ; and h ere ag ain, if they power of revoking the license, and they might be returned back to undergo the remainder of their punishment,— and that without trial—because .power was given to the who, under the great responsibility that high office im rightly, lodged there, luni po Se a c e r a e , ta w ry oui o d f S h ta av te e , t i o t s a e a e t m isfy ed to conscience by any meanshis heParties were dangerous and not s afety of society, at her Majesty's pleasure, the license would be revoked, and they would tthaokuingght that course that ewh t i h e e h Was safe ; and then, for the he liable to be re arrested and remitted to undergo the remainder of their punishment. AS he had Aged, prob a b /7 at that court the first sentences of that nature would be passed. He stated this in explanation. It was a very great experiment, and he hoped it would be successful. At all events, everything had and would be done to insure its success by properly awarding sentences. And here he might say, he felt some degree of relief from the change of this law. There was a better gra dation now of the scale of punishments. There was a very wide gap between a sentence of two years' imprison ment, and one of seven years' transportation. Now it had often been a very difficult thing for him to say whether he should pass a sentence of seven years' transportation. Two years' imprisonment was a long term, and he rarely passed it, because two years in such prisons as ours was apt to produce a great change in a man's constitution. But be had often had occasion to say whether a case was one for two years' imprisonment or seven years' transpor tation. Now, however, the term of penal servitude was four years, so it would be seen the scale was better gradu ated, and it would relieve him from difficulty. He pro bably now frequently sentenced persons to imprisonment, to be on the safe side, who he might have transported, but as it was now, he might substitute for the two years' im prisonment the four years' penal servitude ; and he men tioned it to warn those who commit offences, because he he did not hesitate to say, he should be more willing to pass a sentence of four years' penal servitude than seven years' transportation ; and therefore he mentioned this to makethose disposed to commit offences think that, although they formerly escaped transportation, they very likely would fall under four years' penal servitude as the law of punish ment now stands ; and with these observations he should not detain them longer. The grand jury then retired, and shortly afterwards re turned into court with several true bills. The trials during the day were devoid of interest. LIVERPOOL COURT OF PASSAGE. (Before EDWARD JAMES, Esq., Assessor.) Tins court opened yesterday morning, in the Nisi Prius Court of St. George's Hall. There were 64 issues for trial, and one demurrer,—an entry above the average. This is the first court held under the operation of the Court of Passage Procedure Act, by which its functions have been considerably extended and amended. There are three special jury cases, which have been fixed for hearing on Thursday next, The court sat at nine o'clock, and after the disposal of several undefended causes, of no public interest, pro ceeded with the following actions : ALLEGED FRAUDULENT REPRESENTATION.—THE LI VERPOOL ADELPIII Loa ASSOCIATION v, FAIRHURST AND WIFE.—Mr. Millward for the plaintiffs, and Mr. Blair for the defendants. This was an action brought to recover a balance of 19 guineas, for a loan, for the repay ment of which the defendant's wife had been security, under, it was alleged, a fraudulent representation. It appeared that there was an application made by a person named Brassey, who had formerly obtained loans from the plaintiffs, and for which the female defendant, Jane Lloyd, who was at that time unmarried, had been one of the sureties. It further appeared that, in January, 1848, Brassey made another application to the same association for £3O, and proposed as his sureties two persons, named Brown and Costine, and Jane Lloyd. On the 26th of July, 1847, Jane Lloyd was married to her husband, and having signed the loan of 1848 in the name of Jane Lloyd, the husband (who is a journeyman painter) denied his liability. Her signature was alleged to have been a false and fraudulent representation, and the action was brought for the recovery of the balance of the debt remaining, and costs to which the plaintiffs had been put by a hearing in the County Court. The jury retired, and, after an ab sence of several hours, returned into court, stating that they could not be unanimous. The Foreman said :—Please your honour, it is very cold ; there is no fire. (Laughter.) Mr. James : If you can prevail upon the officer to give you a fire, I have no objection ; but he has sworn he won't. The Foreman : We can't agree without a fire. (Renewed laughter.) After asking some questions arising from the action, the jury then again retired. They returned in about half-an-hour, with a verdict for the plaintiffs, finding that the signature was not only a false, but a fraudulent representation, and awarding as damages £ll. DEBT. — CARNEY V. BELL.—This was an undefended action, and Mr. Aspinall appeared for the plaintiff. The action was for goods sold and money lent, and the amount of the debt £37 7s. INA. The plaintiff is a poulterer in St. John's Market, and the defendant a dealer in live ani mals. Verdict for the plaintiff for the amount stated. ACTION FOR FALSE IMPRISONMENT.—WHITE AND WIFE V. HOOK AND WIFE.—Mr. McOubrey appeared for the plaintiffs, and Mr. Aspinall for the defendants. The real parties in this case were Mary "White, a dealer in. confectionery, &c., residing in Prophet-street, Toxteth park, whose husband is a fireman on board the Arabia steamer; and the real defendant, Margaret Hook, the wife of a publican, in St. James'-road, and the action was brought to recover damages for false imprisonment. There were two separate counts, one charging forcible de tention in defendant's house, on the 17th of May, and another for being given into custody by her two days afterwards, and taken off to bridewell. The plaintiff said that she was sent for, on the first occasion, to de fendant's house, and charged with having taken a sove reign from her son improperly. She denied the charge indignantly, when a policeman was sent for, who threa tened he would " burst her boiler," and she was taken as far as St. James's church, but then set a liberty. In two days afterwards a policeman called at her house, be fore she was up, and took her off to the defendant's, where Mrs. Hook gave her into charge for receiving a sovereign from her son under false pretences. She was lodged all night in bridewell, and next day taken before the magistrates ; when the defendant, who was not pre pared with sufficient evidence, stated that she could after wards get substantial evidence, and the plaintiff was, on this, remanded for a week, and conducted to the borough gaol. When again brought up she was acquitted. There was only one plea put on the record, "not guilty, " and " justification" had not been pleaded, but the grounds of suspicion against the plaintiff came out on cross-examination and otherwise. She had had a boy in the employment of Mr. Hook, who, besides being a publican, is a joiner and builder; and the defen dant's children, in consequence, were in the habit of coming about the plaintiff's house. One of these, a boy about ten years of age, to whose evidence Mr. WOubrey did not object, said, " She enticed me to get the money, to keep her shop up, as she was frightened of the bailiffs coming, and she said she would pay it at 2s. 6d. or Is. a week, if it were twenty years after." The lad, on this, took £1 from a drawer in his parent's house, 10s. in silver and a half sovereign, and gave it, as he alleged, to the plaintiff. Two witnesses were called, one a customer and the other a servant in the defendant's house, who stated that on the first occasion they overheard the plaintiff promise Mrs. Hook that she would repay the money by instalments ; but on her reproving her for encouraging her boy to such acts as had led many a one to the gallows, the plaintiff said, angrily, that she would never pay her one farthing. It was also deposed that the police had only been sent for to remove the plaintiff the first time owing to her violent demeanour. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, damages 20s. COMPENSATION FOR INTURY. — COSGROVE V. OWENS.— This was an undefended action, in which Mr. Aspinall ap peared for the plaintiff. The action was for carelessly com mitting an injury to the plaintiff. The plaintiff, Patrick Cosgrove, is a porter, and was employed on the Ist of July in delivering some sacks of gum at one of the docks. The defendant, who is a carter, in good circumstances, was em ployed to receive the gum, and take it away from the place where the plaintiff and others were delivering it. The defendant was late in arriving ; and when he came was in a great hurry. The bags of gum were moved about with iron hooks and wooden handles, but that which the de fendant had was all of iron, and he was using it so carelessly that just before the accident the plaintiff had remonstrated with him. At last he put his hook into the canvas of one of the gum bags ; it slipped its hold, and struck the plaintiff on one of his eyes, penetrating the ball, and de priving it of sight. He was seven weeks off work in con sequence of the accident, and was now not so efficient as before.—The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, da mages £2O. CAR ACCIDENT : WOMAN RUN OVER.—BRODRICK V. FOWLER. — Mr. Aspinall for the plaintiff, and Mr. H. Tin dal Atkinson for the defendant. The plaintiff, Sarah Brodrick, is a woman above 70 years of age, and she sought to recover damages from Richard Fow ler, car-owner, of Walnut-street, for injuries received by being run over by one of his cars, negligently driven by William Roberts, one of his servants. On the 28th of July last the plaintiff was crossing James'- street, when defendant's car, containing a wedding party proceeding to the pier -head, came up, as alleged, at a rapid pace. She was knocked down and very much injured, her leg being fractured, and since that time, it , was stated, she had been almost deaf, although her hearing was quite good before. Evidence was given that the plaintiff's son and daughter had gone to the defendant afterwards on the subject of her injuries, when he had offered some trifling compensation, saying that he would rather give her a trifle than put the matter into lawyers' hands, who were very great rogues. (Laughter.) Several witnesses for the de fence stated that the car was going at a very moderate pace; and one of these, himself a car-driver, said that the horse was neither walking nor trotting, but between the two. It was the speed at which they usually went when they were engaged by the hour. (Laughter.) The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, damages £5. DISPUTED ACCOUNT.—CHESIIIRE V. EDDOWES.—MV. Simon for the plaintiff, and Mr. Aspinall for the defendant. Mr. Charles Roe Cheshire was the plaintiff; Mr. Thamas Sutton Eddowes the defendant ; and the declaration was for goods sold and delivered, for work done and materials supplied, money paid to the defendant, and also money due on an account stated. The defendant had paid into court £25 ss. 9d.; the amount of plaintiff's claim being £27 15s. 3d. Te plaintiff is a shipsmith, and anchor and chain cable maker, in this town, and the defendant is also in a similar line of business. On the Bth of Septem ber, 1852, the plaintiff called at the defendant's place of business, and gave an order to his foreman for a quantity of chain, &c. The goods were sent home, and later in the month another order was given, and also executed. When called upon, the defendant refused to pay, stating that the charge was excessive in respect to the iron. This was the dispute. The order had been given in the plaintiff's absence, and 9s. 6d. a cwt. had been charged. At the time in question, iron was on the rise. The defence was, that, in a conversation between the plaintiff and defendant shortly before, a less price, Bs. 6d., had been named.— Verdict for the plaintiff, for the amount claimed. At the sitting of the court the Assessor signed a set of new rules of practice applicable to the court, founded upon the recent act of Parliament respecting the court. The Assessor, at the same time, intimated that the costs would undergo revision ; and a new scale of fees payable to the attorneys, as also of those to be taken by the registrar, would be settled as soon as possible. EMBEZZLEMENT. — On Saturday, at the Salford Town hall, Hickman, the traveller for Messrs. Joule, brewers, of Salford, was committed for trial at the Salford quarter sessions which commenced yesterday. EntE.—About a quarter-past three o'clock on Sunday morning, a young man who had been making some in quiries at the Bridewell, discovered a fire in the upper portion of a warehouse in Exchange-buildings. He gave the alarm at the detective police-station, and it was soon discovered that the ceiling of the upper room was in a blaze. The fire wax got under without any serious damage being done. The building is occupied by Messrs. Stock and Oen, Mr. Witham Mr. Parker, and others. HORTICULTURE. STOVE, CONSERVATORY, IC.—The temperature of the conservatories should now be about 60° by day, and 55 ° at night ; that of the stove 75° by day, and 60' at night. It is impossible to grow the fine specimen plants demanded by modern taste with the old-fashioned and unnatural practice of increasing the temperature at night, when plants, like animals, require the rest which nature indi cates. Orchids are particularly liable to mealy lug during the winter months, and it will well repay any amount of trouble to conquer this pest now, whilst it is manageable. A piece of whalebone cut small at one end, with a small piece of sponge or cotton, wetted with solution of soft soap, should be pushed in the axils of the leaves to their bases, and not only full-grown insects, but also the ovx must be cleaned out. An industrious man will clean a hundred plants in a day; so that a week's work will save a large collection from a pest which destroys its beauty, and makes it worse than useless. As scarcely anything remains to be done in the flower and kitchen gardens, now is the time for such cleaning processes. In the conservatory, the ca mellias, oranges, daphnes, crysanthemums, and other plants which are to constitute the winter decorations must be carefully supplied with water. The soil in the pots must never be allowed to be sodden with wet, or become quite dry. On all bright days admit plenty of air, but close early, so as to retain some portion of the solar heat. KITCHEN GARDEN.—Prick out a further supply of seedling lettuce, in any spare frames ; and in dry weather raise and store beet and other roots. THE REV. DR. ASPINALL preached his farewell sermon on Sunday, at St. Mathias's, Great Howard-street. THE QUEEN has approved of Mr. Alfred Wm. Powles as Consul at Liverpool for the Republic of New Granada. SHIPWRECK.—The Mary, Captain Leveno, of Glasgow, which arrived here on Sunday, from Baltimore, fell in, on the 20th instant, with the brigantine John Barry, from Cardiff, bound to Malta, in a helpless condition, and took off the crew, seven in number, and brought them to this port. CHETHAM'S COLLEGE, MANCHESTER.—At the banquet recently given in commemoration of the inauguration of the statue of the founder, in the Cathedral, we observed among the distinguished guests, Mr. Bowes, of Warrington Blue Coat Hospital, and Mr. Croxton of the Oldham In stitution. Both these gentlemen were formerly engaged in the cause of education in this town. GALE ON THE IRISH COAST.—The steam-ship Ad miral, of Glasgow, which left Londonderry for Liverpool, on Thursday, did not arrive here until Sunday morning. She met with a violent storm, and was obliged to put into Belfast for coal and provisions. The steamer Sea Nymph, which left Newry, for Liverpool, at half-past eleven o'clock on Saturday morning, did not arrive here until half-past five o'clock on Sunday night. A heavy sea was running during the whole of her passage, and the force of the gale carried away her figure head. THE LIVERPOOL AND PHILADELPHIA STEAM-SHIP COMPANY have completed a contract with Messrs. Tod and M`Gregor, of Glasgow (the builders of their vessels the City of Glasgow and City of Manchester, as also the City of Philadelphia, now rapidly approaching completion,) for a fourth iron screw steam-ship for their line, to be called the City of Baltimore. She will be about 2500 tons measurement, with a length overall of about 350 feet ; and when this vessel is completed, and on the station, there will be a departure once every fortnight, instead of once every four weeks, as at present. FRAUD ON THE CORPORATION.—At the Police-court, on Saturday, Mr. Walter, of the Town-hall, appeared with a voluminous brief, but after a few words, in which " re manded till next Saturday" were the only ones distinctly uttered, he left the court. We believe the following is the true statement of the affair :—A Mr. Rowson has been the contractor for supplying bricks to the new gaol at Walton, where a Mr. Clark acted as clerk of the works, and his duty was to examine the bricks furnished by Mr. Rowson and to sign receipts as to the correctness of the deliveries. During the progress of the building, it has been discovered, Mr. Clarke signed receipts for 900,000 bricks which were either spoiled or never delivered, and for which Mr. Row son has received the sum of £1,726 14s. 9d. The latter has been taken into custody, but Mr. Clark has evaded the officers of justice, who expect to have him in custody by Saturday next, when the whole case will be made public. INFRINGEMENT OF THE BUILDING ACT.-011 Wed nesday James Ford was summoned before the magistrates, for an infringement of the local act. Mr. Wm. Johnson, building surveyor, stated that the defendant had erected a house in Bamber-street, and the joists which he had laid in the attic of the same were not of the strength required by schedule B of the Building Act, according to the length of the bearings. /There were two bearings, one 11 feet 6 inches, the joists of which were only 3 inches by 14 inch, instead of 6 inches by 24 inches ; and the other 14 feet 9 inches, the joists of which were only 3 inches by 14 inch, instead of 8 inches by 24 inches. They ranged from 12 to 144 inches apart, whilst they should not exceed 11 inches apart ; and what still increased their danger, not being long enough, they were spliced about 2 feet from the wall. The defendant had had notice to alter them on the 10th instant, but he had disregarded it. After being repeatedly called by the officer of the court, the defendant came forward. He was proceeding with some irrelevant remarks, when he was interrupted by the magistrates ask ing him if he would enter into his recognizance to alter the work. He refused to do so, and the magistrates then issued a warrant, ordering the attic to be pulled down, or the defendant to be committed to gaol for a period not exceeding three months. SPLENDID COLLECTION OF ARTICLES OF VERTU. — Those who have a taste for beautiful furniture, elegant services of china, bronzes, and other articles of taste and elegance, will have an opportunity this week, of inspecting a magnificent collection, on view at the rooms of Mr. Branch, and which will be sold on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. The collection has been consigned to the care of Mr. Branch, by a metropolitan collector of rare and beautiful specimens from Paris, and other continental cities. The cabinets, of which there is a large number, are composed of ebony, tulip, and king woods. They in clude some which were manufactured for the late Louis Philippe of France and the Duchess of Orleans. These, like the others, are most elaborately wrought, mounted with ormolu, and a few adorned with panels of Sevres china, painted with marvellous minuteness and beauty. There are two particularly splendid cabinets of ebony, massively mounted with chaste ormolu. The doors of one of these is formed of a vase of flowers in raised Florentine mosaic, the flowers themselves being composed of genuine precious stones—Cassio Caruli, agate, cornelian, jasper, bloodstone, &c. ; while the door of the other cabinet is formed of a basket of fruit, composed of the same rare and valuable materials. There are buhl and marqueterie tables in sufficient number and beautiful variety to furnish a palace, while the collection is no less rich in vases and stands of Dresden and Sevres china, beautifully painted, as well as dessert and other services. Some of the latter also were manufactured for Louis Philippe, and bear his initials. The suite of carved oak furniture is admirably adapted for a library, the bookcase being particularly mas sive and finely worked. Several trophies of antique ar mour are also on view. The bronzes and marble busts include some rare and valuable specimens, while there are also several cabinet pictures, both by ancient and modern masters, well deserving attention. The curious in clocks will find ample scope for selection. The pieces of Gobelin tapestry, representing scenes from the career of Antony and Cleopatra, are interesting and valuable specimens of the period. _ . EMPLOYMENT OF NAVAL DESERTERS. — At the Police court, on Saturday, there were four informations against Clayton Guthrie, for penalties amounting to £l2O, for employing four seamen who had shipped themselves on board the Medina, at Savanilla. Mr. Parr opened the case, as one in which these seamen had signed articles, avowing themselves at the time to be deserters from Her Majesty's ship Espiegle. He proposed to take the infor mations separately, and to support each by the evidence of the seaman to whom it applied. Sir George Stephen objected, on the part of the defendant, to such a novel proposition, as convicting a party on the evidence of an approver alone, that approver not being produced, and it being avowed that no further:evidence would be tendered. A long argument ensued, which terminated in the magis trate determining to take the evidence. Mr. Parr then called one of the seamen, named Thompson, who sup ported the case as opened, and swore that he and the rest of the party, while standing in the street, by the custom house at Savanilla, were first addressed by the defendant, to whom they acknowledged they were deserters, notwith standing which he shipped them on board of his vessel, the Medina, they at the time being in their naval uniform. The witness, on cross-examination, admitted there was no clandestine conduct throughout, but, on the contrary, that they always manned the ship's boat to take the captain ashore during the ten days they remained off Savanilla. Roper, the chief mate of the Medina, was called for the defence, and contradicted Thompson on almost every point. He stated that, though he had his suspicions, which led him, at the captain's instance, to examine the men closely, they reported themselves as shipwrecked sailors out of the American barque Eliza. They were dressed as ordinary sailors, and not in uniform. Through a conversation which was overheard after they had been some days at sea, the witness again examined them closely, and they then confessed that they were deserters, and after that time wore their• naval uniform openly. The contra dictions in the evidence were so many, that the magistrates said they must dismiss the charge. Mr. Parr then, on behalf of the Admiralty, said he should withdraw the other informations. NELSON AND WELLINGTON. — Portraits of these two heroes, from the pencil of Mr. T. J. Barker, are now on view at the gallery of Mr. Grundy, in Church-street. The incident recorded in each of the pictures possesses an in terest peculiarly its own. The naval chief is represented in an act of solemn supplication to the Disposer of all events, for a favourable issue of the great struggle, which, in accordance with the decrees of Providence, was to ter minate his own existence, and crown with the issue he so earnestly prayed for the momentous contest in which his days had been chiefly spent. The great military conqueror is represented near the placid sunset of his brilliant career. Calm and dispassionate, yet deeply interested, he is en gaged poring over the despatches by which he was in formed of gallant deeds achieved by that army he so greatly loved, and which he had contributed so much to render invincible ; but which also conveyed to him intelli gence of one equivocal, if not derogatory circumstance. Both incidents are characteristic and interesting. The solemn bravery of the maritime commander, exalted and assured by an appeal to that Throne of Grace, which his severe sense of duty taught him to ap proach and reverence on all occasions, whether mo mentous or of less import, invests the scene with ele vating beauty. The sedately scrutinising gaze of Wel lington, as he seems to drag piecemeal to light the points explanatory of the charge he is unwilling to believe, imparts to the canvass the eloquent fidelity of a printed volume. In each instance, the value of the pictures is enhanced by their showing the men " in form and habit as they lived.' As likenesses, they are both admirable, a fact sufficiently attested on unquestionable authority, apart from the striking intrinsic evidence they furnish at a glance. As works of art they deserve high praise. In their drawing, colouring, and expression, the artist has been eminently successful—the accessories are introduced with skill and painted with fidelity—the light and shade so powerful, 3:et so balanced, as to suit them admirably for engraving, the purpose they have been painted for. The execution f this portion of the wor k has been entrusted to two of the most skilful line engravers of the day ; ngton be engraved by F. Bacon ; Nelson by F. names are sufficient guarantee for the excellent is to e form a completion of the task. When finished th. will Wjenihu beautiful as well as an interesting pair of national portraits. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1853. ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLIGESC-&. PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS. Pau Rev. C. Abbott. to the StipendarrCuracy of sr• Church S. Andg, Cheshire. of Rev. S. W.Andrews M.A., to the Rectory Horncastle. Rev. Rev. J. A Baker,rtns t ron t A o ., the o C t u h r e a c N y l o c f a r A a l g i e n Teme, C.C. kland , of 31a1 Rev. . Barnard, M.A., to the Rectory of - --c 'den' with the Rectory of Farforth and the Vicarage Well annexed, near Louth. cs to Rev. J. Edwards. late of the ill-fated Dauntle, Chaplain to the Ajax, flag-ship for QUeelle o W lll. Rey. F. J. Beere. to the Curacy of Toomna , Rev. H. J. Fynn, to the Curacy Rev. H. Fry. to the Curacy of Kilkeevan, Rosconto t i o g, Rev. N. M. Germon, 8.A., to the Curacy of Bish Somerset. e of Rev. C. J. Le Geyt, 8.A., of Exeter College, the Chaplains at Magdalen College, Oxford.got f o I L I fig ne.ruiepolto. Rev. J. Gumley, to the Curacy o o f f o E r i n P n b . i ß n' o lt sci stmco° 7?;: :: Rev. W. T. Harte, to the Curacy of Cricklade, Voi'"000ptl Rev. J. Hemphill, to the Ciracy of TempletuchY, Tippßeer. y. ary W. Holderness. M.A., to be Chaplain of the Can Vilt Prison Establishment at Prtlan. Le t° Rev. F. W. Kittermaster, o M.A., to the Curacy an ship of St. Paul's Church Lisson-grove. . Rev. C. F. Newmarch, to the Li v ing of Leve rt Boston. H u nts. Rev. B. H. Puckle, to the Rectory of Graffham, Rev. R. P. Powell, to the Curacy of Killooly , TiPPeryerve Rev. G. Protheio, M.A., late Vicar of Clifton-Wltot to the Curacy of Whippingham, Isle of Wight, and „ so , Chaplaincy of the Royal Establishment at Osborne-at:4s Rev. H. T. Ridley, to the Assistant Curacy of St. " Deyonort. Peg D. Rowland, to the Curacy of St. Dog wan ' brokeshi re. Rev. F. Swire B.A , Curate of Stroud, Glaucestersbire, the Rectory of Elston, Notts.ey pi t sen t li t al e R. F. It. Traill, M A., Incumbent of Trin it y Chapel, Haddington. N. 8., to be Domestic Chaplain o Earl of Wemyss and March. , W ith Rey. F. T 1 ench, to the Rectory of Worling Wort Southolt Rev. G. W. annexed, near Woodbride, S iffolk • Seib° Ibe Weldon, 8.A., to the Curacy of St. Martyr, St. John's-wood. on sting s ' Rev. R. West, M.A., to the Rectory of Pett, nea r Sussex. Rev. H. Wyndham, S.C.L., to the Curacy of Burhaq' e ,ford; Rev. F. H. Whitfield, to the Curacy of Horetaavib sou Rev. W. F. Young. to the Curacy of Ballys beeha- Eryy, Tipperary. I ,„g bee J 3 THE REV. HOWARD ST. GEORGE, M.A./ has licensed by the Lord Bishop of Chester to the Petite no curacy of Billinge, in the county of Lancaster, on t i ` r ,„.6, mination of the Rev. Henry J. Gunning, Rector of *l - patron. , ecr o,te THE LORD BISHOP of St. Asaph will this day CO the new church at Gorsedd, in the parish of Poiett near Holywell. This is one of the churches erectedi,,rd of the chapel lately alienated from the church by r oo Fielding, and now attached to the convent of Fr allei Monks at Pantasa. v4lO 3f DIOCESE OF MANCHESTER.—On Tuesday the„.-v i- o ore , Manchester licensed the Rev. Henry Holme ° Nair M.A., to be a minor canon of the Cathedral Church n' . .„,*i ii g• chester, vacant by the death of the Rev. Richard Few o d ton—on the nomination and election of the de an t the canons of Manchester, the patrons, and his lordship 3 same time issued his mandate for induction thereto. au nt THE FOLLOWING PRESENTATIONS have become sic' by the removal .or death of the Incumbents :—The ° f the age of Tidenham, near Chepstow, by the promotionfoo. Rev. John Armstrong, M.A., to the Bishopri c ~troii, ham's Town, South Africa ; value, £5OO a year ; n ot Mr. D. H. D. Burr. The Vicarage of Rural le ,Pchor Cardiff; value, £lOO a-year ; patrons, the Dean 311- 110 5 ' ter of Bristol. The Vicarage of Barnby-in-the-I‘l , r of near Newark • value, £2OO a-year ; patron, the ChaPitortli outhwell Collegiate Church. The Rectory .9f, 114' Hurst, Devon ; as also the Mastership of St. 3 1 -a,J ter' s / dalen's Hospital, Bath. The Incumbency of St. epoic Bishopsworth, Bedminster, by the resignation of W I - of H. Brancker ; patron, Rev. H. G. Eland. The lic i t Aldford, near Chester, by the resignation of the ntvest, Brandt ; value, £350 a-year ; patron, the Marqui s of ii,360 minster. Rectory of Ringwould, near Deal ; val ue ' a-year; patrons, representatives of the late Incuraho EFFECTS OF SPIRIT-RAPPING AMERICA. • jl ls. INSANITY is another fearful consequence of the raPP of i „,ts Thus we read of six patients at once becoming a n t- - 4 .,,noic' the Indiana Lunatic Asylum from this cause. Th,e,.:, - ,0151 inn. are a few extracts out of hundreds which mign" , be'selected from any of the American papers : paw " The wife of Michael Catt, of Decker Towns hi p , icb o ana, was shot on Monday last by her daughter-in - l a t;" was much excited on supernatural objects at the time._ v, " Mr. Orville Hatch, of Franklin, Connecticu t, to come insane, having devoted considerable a ttention " o a tappings. introducing provements in agriculture." Oge e ' " Mr. Barber, a deacon in one of the churches gational) in Warwick, has become insane in COns e r s too. de i n e ot of surrender i ng himself to the ' spiritual ranPing ' r. Hatch is a farmer, His wife and other members of the family are in 3 6 state." o ften, " Mr. B. Peabody hung himself in a barn in,“ b i e , Lovain county, on Friday last. He was an ann a ab' telligent, and respected yoUng man, and bea n , cease sorbed in rappings as to unbalance his mind. Mr o dern but one of a long list of insane, made so by In pings and spiritualism." ai (115- " The annual report of the Ohio Lunatic AsYlli erse ° closes the fact, that there are no fewer than 26 .3 1 ; t here (13 men and 13 women) who have found their " by means of the spiritual rappings." ; vas ° i t: " Samuel Dole, of Warlington county , 01 0 ,' ed • it t insane by the spirit-rappin g s, and became V e ' -e :a s crifle e the idea that he must offer, like many impart ` Abraham, a oo e 0. the Supreme. He accordingly proceeded to cat ° " . „:verY his own feet, which he succeeded in doing - scientific manner, and with heroic determination•be family, fearing fearing that some other of his limbs miglit i otie manded in a like cause, had him conveYed Asylum." t Vt i° "A young woman was removed to the Asylum f this week, having become insane in consennen ee i la ott s ' nessing some spiritual' experiments in 111assar She is now wild with madness." a no" " Mr. Christopher Snevely, a very worthy an becoo trious citizen of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, has n ifef' insane in consequence of attending to spiritual l o ot tations,' and has been conveyed to the frin s3 to the Lunatic Asylum, and is now a raving maniac? a 14 0 "Ebenezer Pope, of Milton, hung himself on )f the instant ; cause, spiritual rappings.' H e was clue e rs• select men, and leaves a family to mourn over his ble delusion." oll; "We regret to announce that a lady of North, eeo Massachusetts, a lady, too, of great beauty, lovelines„„;',4ll intelligence, the mother of six children, has become ',lOO. mad through the influence of ' spiritual manifes_t.%„itair She was conveyed to the Battleborough Insane ti c .' r too on Wednesday, in such a state of excitement that 1 .4 1 tr two attendants to hold her. These instances are; tb! plying with fearful rapidity in every quarterh e country. Some of the most sane, too, out of t house, talk like mad-men." An American paper, commenting on such facts as above, makes the following remarks : bf ver - hoe! " A very large share of those who are a e s ly -0 spiritual rappings are infidels, or such as previ°l l ,.. P little belief in the existence of disembodied alarming proportion, also, of them become insane:a ga e o it is that infidels are so susceptible is a philosophy, tion worth considering. As a religious quest), de`of settled in this : ' And God shall send them stre il i e aci.,:f sion, so that they shall believe a lie.' Th e ten, le stl the system to mental derangement is also an ,iii question of philosophy. But the religious niir ia d t 143 fail to see in it a righteous retribution. The sn i old, "4,4 people is the same as that of those who, of were apt fa puns familiar spirits, and anndder the wlio law of God with semingledimwpositsuerve:le::ti.;• Now the providence of God is doing essentially merly was done under the law of God." fif ri Aff r i THE FAITH'S BOAT.—The boat belonging to t h , e •tb " mail steamer Faith, reported lost off Lagos , iced Whitford, purser, and a crew of Kroomen, hav es ' . t he Benin THE , all well. to b et COURT DRESS on a formal introduc tion eve Pope, is, for a lady, a black dress and a black ve il aov. head : and a gentleman, if not an officer of the a s ment, and consequently wearing " uniform, sh u t , C° in black. with the exception of the vest, whie"' • venient, should be white. been t he NEW DOCKS IN SURREY.—A company hn, AO nounced for the construction of capacious doe_n..4 Surrey side of the Thames, close to the Spa - ru,T 00 9 V of the Greenwich Railway. The capital is to he o e f fr ited in £25 shares, and the area contemplated eon s ' be acres, of which sixty will be water. They are n yos v foc the Wellington Docks, and are to be capable or te ti o ,e froal the largest steamers. The promoters point,tl,, n o° l / that' , of 9,986 vessels which entered inwards ° foreign ports, not above half received memo° tipt tip et., the existing companies, while, in additio_ A l'' the, th 28,000 coasters and fishing vessels diseharge"w i iilit i 'etor' and they add that, although the want of ", t he ‘ l O the demonstrated will be partially remedied 1, )„,1ed e Docks, these will not supply what is den l3- s es c'" -° Surrey side, where new docks and warelien all tile London, and in immediate connexion i v ° ipi 01/ tbr portant railway lines, have become essen tial. g i v erS APPREHENDED DUEL.—Mr. Samuel , 3 o rties , X O4 "pecuniarily interested in the life of one of the e. lion dou ti information at Marlborough-streetPolice 4 l betwe e f til fr e Friday, that a duel was about to be fe, Fo%, „ f reft Robert Jukes Clifton and Mr. Charles La d f o r the `",c0. 4 Grenadier Guards. A warrant was gran t° - C/ift °ll .4ad it..berl lily 1 of the parties ; and, accordingly, Sir .- -- seve ral due brought into court, accompanied bY believed Ito ter t friends. Mr. Samuel now said that lie , sir would take place ; and Mr. Hardwick e a e .r g 10 4 is; whether the probability of a hostile t• In best of MY P".„ct, closed? Sir Robert Clifton : "To the. IV the quarrel between myself and my . Te : n, n , be amicably arranged." Mr. Hardwicthe I t litti o Then tha e leaves an opinion for the belief that. t It is n l Y en n 1, 0 be amicably adjusted as you I m ust of el*' rt secure the public peace, keep the peace for itet, 0 you to find sureties in £l,OOO 0 , Hardwick accepted S ir t ot months." Ultimately, Mr- ILaiid his assurance had 1:44 Clifton's own recognizances, As soon as the pari es . duel should take place. rt's militarfrier sug n , th e the court, one of Sir Robee the report /.,;:i0t1 and therefore the expediency of givo4.s. Mr.exPei,,clavis, matter out of the p_e pa ouid not do as £lO had been,d 1)?,, solicitor, said that w and had not only been refil on another occasion, entionet. of the offer had been f t he ee the circumstance Fox , o p ea On Saturday, Mr. Charles Lane on ith papers. the dele' o ffel duel eC warrant, on suspicion of being about to tigl e% ve persoi sit_• Sir R. J. Clifton. The defendant ga __„, ' r battalion, Grenadier Guards, was brought.aluy_ of having been recently engaged in a frn,9"7, e yes. of considerable discolouration of one of e in i •b e _ lie pa a• c Samuel, in answer to a question as to wli tl r a hostile aced rumours still afloat as to the probability of he wa s PreP i° 4 ing. Mr. Hardwick asked defendant if , thing to add to his previous statement, said th ere oi l ee t. to state that no hostile meeting was likelY. '" t he inane to ke el , ogo trate called upon him to provide security _. re c ,„ e for twelve months, in the sumo f £1,1 ,1 ,fcioft Mr. Fox declining to make such deglaratio n, zances were entered into, And the del cm' court. P