The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-04-14 00:00:00

imperial Varlianunt. HOUSE OF LORDS —MONDAY. The Marquis of LANSDOWNE, who had been unable to be present on Thursday last, added his meed -of eulogy to the gallantry of our troops, the skill displayed by their leaders, and the exemplary moderation of Sir Henry Harding. Lord BEA UMONT denounced in strong terms the con duct of the Austrian government, during the late Polish insurrection, especially in ex citing a servile war against the nobles, and setting a price upon their heads; and in quired if any means had been taken to express the disap probation of the English Government of such proceedings. Lord ABERDEEN Said, that the subject was one in which this country was not directly . concerned, and it was ex cessively difficult to discriminate, among the conflicting statements and counter-statements, the amount of truth or falsehood they contained. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-MONDAY. A discussion of general importance took place, in the course of which Sir R. PEEL observed, that no person could have viewed without great anxiety the railway spe culations of the last autumn and winter. Unless those schemes were likely to be profitable to individuals, it was not for the public interest to permit them to proceed; and be, therefore, thought that it would be for the public ad vantage to pass a bill with this limited object—that where a majority of the shareholders in a company, or a majority bolding more than half the stock of the company should represent to Parliament that they were not desirous of proceeding with their bill, they should have a full oppor• tunity of declaring it by petition to either house of Par liament ; and that, in such case, Parliament should refuse to sanction auy further proceedings upon it. He proposed that those who originally proposed the scheme should still remain responsible for the expense which they had authorised. He thought also that a trustee, or an official assignee, should be appointed to take possession of the property of the company. He thought that they should all be postponed for the present; and the adjournment at Easter would be most favourcble fur allowing the subscri bers to deliberate whether they would proceed further with them or not. After some discussion the bill waa read a second time. Sir J. GRAHAM then m , ved that the order of the day for the first reading of the Protection of Life (Ireland) Bill be then read, but was met by obstructive objections to it by several members. The order, however, was at last read. _ _ A conversation then took place on a proposition of Sir W. SOMERVILLE, to adjourn the debate till that day three weeks. Sir R. PEEL declared his intention of not giving way to such a proposition, and after some sharp observa tions, Sir W. Somerville withdrew it, reserving to himself the right of renewing it, if he thouzht fit, next day. The debate was at length adjourned till next day. In reply to a question f rom , c IBTHORPE, as to the period when the budget would be brought on, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER wished that he could give the gallant officer as distinct an answer on that point as he could upon the state of the revenue. Last year be had anticipated the surplus of income over expen diture at £90,000. He was happy to state, that indepen dently of the money to be received from China, it now amounted to £1,750,000. Colonel SIBTHORP intimated that he would believe that fact when be saw it, but not till then. HOUSE OF LORDS.-TUESDAY Earl DALHOUSIE stated to their lordships the outline of the measure to be proposed by government immediately after the recess, for the purpose of enabling the sharehol ders in railway companies to have the schemes wound up ; and in the mealtime to stay the progress of bills in their lordships' house till the 29th of April. The statement was similar, though more in detail, to that made in the House of Commons on Monday night by the Premier. Lords Monteagle, Kinnaird, Wharncliffe, and Lans downe, made some general observations concurring in the plan ; after which, on the motion of the Duke of Welling ton, the house adjourned till Tuesday the 21st instant. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-TUESDAY. A new writ was moved for Maldon, in the room of Mr. J. W. Childers, who had accepted the Chiltern Hundreds. Several bills were advanced a stage ; after which, on the motion of Lord G. SOMERSET, all railway bills were de layed further progress till after Monday the 27th Api Mr. CHRISTIE gave notice of his annual motion, in reference to the admission of Dissenters into the Univer sities. . . . Sir R. PEEL gave notice that be should on the followir g day move the adjournment of the house till Friday week ; and in reply to a question from Lord G. Bentinck, said he shou'd go on with the Corn Bill on Tuesday week ; the Irish Bill would be taken on Friday, and of course would take precedence on the Monday following. The debate on the Irish Bill was adjourned accordingly. Mr. T. WYSE then moved for the appointment of a se lect committee to inquire into the state of legal education in Ireland. He had, however, scarcely commenced his speech when the house was counted out. HOUSE OF COMMONS.-THURSDAY Mr. CHRISTIE asked Sir J. Graham, whether the at tention of the Poor-law Commissioners had been d;rected to the cases of two women tried and acquitted at the last assizes for Salisbury and Hereford, respectively, for the murder of their infant children, in consequeneE of the children having been stripped of their clothing on their mother's leaving the union work_iouses, of which they had been severally inmates. Sir J. GRAHAM observed, that the Poor-law Commis sioners had written a letter to the board of guardians pre siding over one of the workhouses to which Mr. Christie referred, stating that where a woman, deliveredin a work house of a bastard child, desired to leave the workhouse, and had no clothing for her child, the board of guardians Or the relieving officer uporrimerapplication, make her an allowance of such necessary clothing ; and that the board might also empower the master of the workhouse to furnish clothing for the child in cases of that sort, when there was not time for the woman to make application either to the board itself, or to the relieving officer. The cases, therefore, to which Mr. Christiehad referred, had not arisen either out of the existing state of the law, or out of any order issued by the Poor-law Commissioners. In a subsequent part of a very discursive conversation which then took place on nearly every subject which has occupied the attention of Parliament during the present session, Mr. CHRISTIE expressed his dissati s f ac ti on a t th e ans wer which Sir J. Graham had given to his questions. lie, therefore, asked some additional questions, of which the most material were, whether the Poor-law Commis sioners had inflicted any censure on the workhouse officers for not allowing the clothes to be taken by the mothers of these unfortunate infants, whether a circular letter with general instructions on this subject had been sent to all the unions, and whether he could produce a copy of the letter of which he had read an extract. Sir J. GRAHAM observed, that It was impossible for him to give a detailed answer to these questions, as he had not had any notice of them. He had no objection to produce the letter of which he had read an extract. The Poor-law Commissioners had no power to inflict a cen sure on a board of guardians. Sir R. PRICE defended the humanity of the master of the workhouse in Herefordshire, and observed that his refusal . of the clothes arose from a misapprehension of his duty. Sir J. GRAHAM laid upon the table of the house the official returns received from the Scarcity Commissioners in Ireland during the month of March, in order to con vince it that the distress in that country bad not only been progressive up to the present time, but that there was every probability of its continuing to increase. He should move that they be printed. After a few observations from Mr. C. Powell and Mr. M'Carthy, in corroboration of Sir 3. Graham's statement, Sir R. PEEL observed, that the introduction of meal made from Indian corn was creating in Ireland a new taste for a better and more generous description of food than the potato. Indian corn, however, was now only ad mitted by a sort of sufferance. The importers of it would have increased confidence in their speculation if its admis sion were guaranteed by act of Parliament. Besides, foreign wheat, foreign oats, and foreign bailey, were still liable to a high duty ; and he was convinced that, if a de cision were taken on the Corn Bill, by which that high duty would be materially reduced, the available supply of food would be greatly increased. He therefore appealed to the Irish members, if they wished to confer a great be nefit on many districts of their own country, to allow a decision to be taken forthwith on the first reading of the Coercion Bill, in order that Parliament might proceed with the Corn Bill without further delay. Mr. HAWES backed this appeal to the Irish members. on the ground that the settlement of the Corn Bill was of the highest importance to the commercial classes of the country. Mr. BORTHWICK deprecated the introduction of this discussion in the absence of the friends of the agricult ura interest M. W. S. O'BarEN turned a deaf ear to the appeal o Sir R. Peel on the same ground■ which he had often pre ♦iously taken. He then asked for official papers to show the extent of the applications for aid in Ireland under the Public Works Act, and under the County Presentment Act. Sir J. GRAHAM had great pleasure in stating that the applicat;ons for aid under the Public Works Act bad been very numerous and had been in general entertained by the Commissioners ; but was sorry to add that there was an indisposition on the part of grand juries to avail themselves of the second act which Mr. S. O'Brien had mentioned. . - - _ After a conversation between Mr. G. Powell, Mr. Finch, and Sir R. Peel on the probable progress and suc cess of the Corn Bill, Mr. T. DUNCOMBE censured the Ministers for the course which they had pursued respecting that measure, and insisted that, if they pleased, they could put an end to all uncertainty on that subject to-morrow. He also declared that, in his opinion, the Irish members had been unfairly used in this sort of conflict. The public did not blame the Irish members ; but he was sorry to say it was beginning to doubt the sincerity of ministers. Sir P. SCOPE gave expression to sentiments similar to those of Mr. Duncombe, and after a few words from Cap tain Harris. Mr. Forster:„Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Wyse, and Colonel. Sib'horpe, who applauded the manly and consist ent course of the Irish members, in opnoiing the Coercion Bill, the papers laid on the table by Sir J. Graham were ordered to be printed. On the motion for going into a Committee of Supply, which was afterwards postponed tilt Friday next, the lith instant, _ Sir R. PEEL, in answer to a question from Mr. Labou chere, assured him that no time would be lost by the Board of Trade in preparing the , legislative measure ne cessary to give effect to the general views on the subject of railroad.. which be had opened to the house the other evening. He was inclined to think that the best course which Gould be taken would be fur the Board of Trade to notify to the heads of companies that the opinions of the majority of the holders of their shares against any further proceedings upon any bill which they might have intro duced would be sufficient to prevent legislation upon it. After a series of explanations as to the course of public business, Sir R. PEEL stated emphatically, that after the Irish Bill had been read a first time, it was the intention of go vernment to proceed immediately with the Corn Bill, and not to bring forward any other business of any kind till the sense of the house had been definitely taken on that measure. After some further talk on the subject, between Mr. Hawes, Sir J. Graham, Mr. J. O'Connell, Mr. P. Scrope, &c., the conversation on this subject dropped also. FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. UNITED STATES We have received, via Havre, New York papers to the 181 h of March. Their contents are important. The latest speech in the senate was that of Mr. Cal houn, on the 12th of March, who stated that there was no more idea entertained now of war than that the title of the United States to the whole territory of Oregon was clear and unquestionable. He objected to the unequivocal notice, but was opposed also to the equivocal resolution of the senate. Of the two questions, " compromise" or " war," he advocated the former. The papers by this arrival are full of accounts of the disasters and destruction of property caused by the break ing up of the ice on the river, and the sudden rise of the waters. Numerous shipwrecks had also occurred. The Hibernian steamer, though fully expected, had not arrived at New York on the 18th ult. The money market wits much depressed The news from Texas is, that the bill for delivering the public property to the United States had passed the senate without opposition. WEST INDIES AND MEXICO. The Avon arrived at Southampton on Thursday with an uncommonly rich freight. Eveey thing continued quiet in Mexico, but was not expected to remain so long. The Federal party were privately making efforts, and very little doubt exists of their being in power at no very re mote period. Santa Anna was still at Havannah. and Mr. Slidell, the American Minister, continued at Jalapa, the Mexican government still refusing to accredit him. The Americans were cruising off Matamoras; they had forcibly taken two of the Mexican pilots on board, not being sufficiently with the coast. The Guadeloupe, Mexi can steamer, bad arrived at Tampico with 300 troops on board, and several guns for the batteries ; the former were landed, but in consequence of the rough state of the wea ther, she could not get over the bar, and consequently re turned to Vera Cruz without unshipping them. At Ja maica the crops had a most promising aspect, and will no doubt realise the anticipations of the planters. The King ston railway continued to improve in traffic, and the for mation of those contemplated was looked forward to with great anxiety. The Canopus had not arrived when the Avon left, but was hourly expected. A memorial from the merchants, planters, and inhabitants of the island ge nerally has been sent home by the Avon, praying the go vernment to admit West India spirits into England at a reduced duty. The reply will be anxiously looked for. A small shock of an earthquake was felt in the southern part of the island on the sth ultimo, but not sufficiently strong to cause any mischief. A court. martial had been held on board the Imaum, on Lieut. B. Young, of the Persian, for drunkenness. The charges were fully proved, and he was sentenced to be dismissed the Persian, and to be put at the bottom of the lieutenants. The thirteenth report of the Planters' Bank had been published, by which it appears the directors have declared a dividend of 5 per cent., and added nearly £2OOO to the reserved fund, which now amounts to £11,283 19s. 10d. SPAIN, Accounts from Madrid, dated the 4th instant, announce that General Narvaez had resigned, that his resignation had been accepted, and that the following appointments had taken place :—M. Isturitz, President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs; M. Armero, Minister of Marine ; M. Egana to remain as Minister of Justice ; M. Mon, Minister of Finance. It was reported that the real cause of the crisis was, the unwillingness of the late Ministers to agree to a pro position made by Egala and Pezuela, for the immediate marriage of the Bueen with the son of Don Carlos. The law on the subject of time-bargains was merely put for ward as the excuse. Generals Concha, Cordova, Ros de Olano, and Araoz had, on the 2nd, after some delay, ob tained their passports, and were preparing to leave Spain without delay. Gonzalez Bravo, who had resigned his embassy to Lisbon, had arrived in Madrid. Orders were sent to Corunna on the 2nd to place the brig-of-war Constitution at the disposal of the Infante Don Enrique, to whom it was intimated that he had better lose no time i❑ se►ting out on his travel. The Infante accordingly embarked immediately, and, on the sth, ar rived at Gocoa, and immediately proceeded to St. Jean de Luz. He wes expected to arrive at Bayonne in the evening. His father, Don Francisco de Paula, held a levee at Madrid on the 2nd, which was brilliantly at tended. General O'Donnell has been recalled from Cuba, and General Roncali has been appointed Governor of the island. On the 22d ult., a vessel freighted to carry 35 horses, belonging to the gendarmes, from Bona to Algiers, struck during stormy weather on the mole of the latter place, and foundered. All the horses and gendarmes perished. The Nehant, of Boston, Captain Funnall, a ship of 400 tons burthen register, from Ghent, bound to Texas, having on board 150 passengers as emigrants, among whom were 50 child: en, and the remaining part men and women, many i•f them aged persons, was driven lachorp in Tnrh.v, ncar'sriznarn, ►ast week, and has become a total wreck. The crew and passengers were saved. As AWKWARD DfsCOVERY.—Rome is at present the scene of a strange rumour. As very influential persons have a great interest in concealing the affair, it will be difficult to discover the truth. It appears that on the re opening of the Argentina Theatre, there was found, in one of the most remote boxes of the last class, the corpse of a young lady in a domino, already in a state of putrefaction, and bearing marks of several poniard stabs. She must have been assassinated during the last carnival, since which period the theatre has been closed.—Brussels• paper. DREADFUL ACCIDENT.—A dreadful accident occurred las . % week at \Verden, near Sarrabruck. A ferry-boat containing about 50 persons of all ages, men, women arid children, and two carts with their horses, all returning from market, suddenly went down in the river Sarre, and only six men were saved. The primary cause of the acci dent was the breaking of the chain which allowed the boat to float down with the current. The women then began to scream, which frightened the horses, and the latter bearing too much to one side caused the boat to fill and then go down. 7- Tr(ves Gazette. CAPE or , Goon HOPE. — Papers from this colony to the 14th Feb., inclusive, bring intelligence to the effect that the Kafirs seriously meditate an attack upon Graham's Town. Thn inhabitants of the colony were thrown into a state of great consternation by the reported threat, and the Lieutenant-Governor put the troops in motion to guard against any such attack, while the inhabitants de termined to patrol and protect the town, relieving each other at stated intervals. The Governor had also issued a proclamation, and by the IriteAt accounts it appears that the excitement of the settlers had abated, and less fears were entertained for the peace of the district. UNIVERSITY 4' CLERICAL NEWS, The Rev. Charles Bullen, M.A., late incumbent of St. John's Church, Blackpool, has been instituted by the Bishop of Chester to the rectory of Rainford, near Orm skirk. On Sunday week, a schismatic congregation opened a new place of worship at Exeter under the title of the " Free Church of England !" They state themselves to be totally independent of the Bishop of Exeter, or any oth.r ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The Rev. Robert Cowie and the Rev. James Shore, both ministers of the Church of England, officiated. „ . It is stated in the Friend of China, that a movement has been commenced among the British residents at Can ton for raising a subscription to support a clergyman of the Church of England. The merchants of Canton had, as usual, come forward most liberally, the subscriptions being from 100 to 200 dollars per annum for each firm, guaranteed for five years certain. It was intended to circulate the list in Hong Kong. and there seems every prospect of the sum raised affording the gentleman who may receive the appointment a handsome income. THE STEP FROM ENGLAND TO ROME.—The Rev. William Wells, curate to the Rev. Cecil Wray, of Liver pool, and of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, is an nounced by the Morning Herald as having joined the ranks of perverts. This announcement is stated to have been made by one of the incumbents of St. Martin's-in the-Fields at Liverpool, from the pulpit, on Sunday last, We would respectlully ask whether Mr. Wells's name was not quoted by a Roman Catholic print, as among the list of the perverted, more than three months since ? And if so, what is the explanation of his having continued to mi nister in the Established Church ? Mr. Northcote, late curate to the Rev. Mr. Caunter, of Ilfracombe, we be ' lieve, officiated until he was on the very verge of avowing his apostacy. What ?—is the line of demarcation between England and Rome so reduced in breadth that it has be come an ordinary speculation which side of it a minister of the Church of England ought to occupy, and but the work of a moment—but a step—to pass trom the actual ministry of one Church into full communion with its ri val?—Church and Slate Gazelle. THE C. URT 4• FASHIONABLE WORLD. The Queen and Prince Albert, with the Royal Family, removed from Buckingham Palace to Winesor Castle, on Wednesday. __ THE INDIAN HEROES.—Sir Henry Hardinge has been created a peer by the title of Viscount Hardinge, of King's Newton, in the county of Derby; and Sir Hugh Gough by the title of Baron Gough, of Chinkeangfoo, in China, and of Maharajpore and the Sutlej, in the East I n dies. Sir Henry Smith has been appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. Her itlsjesty has created Major-General Sir Harry Smith a baronet, in addition to tile military honour pre viously conferred upon him. The suite of apartments in 'Windsor Castle to which the Queen has been graciously pleased to permit the free admission of the public, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, include the Queen's Audience Chamber, the Old Ball-room, the Queen's State Drawing-room, the State Ante-room, the Grand Vestibule, the Waterloo Chamber, the Presence Chamber, St. George's Hall, the Grand Chamber, and the Queen's Presence Chamber. THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. IRELAND. EMIGRATION TO AMERICA.—For s he last fifteen years (says the Limerick Chronicle) there was not such a rage for emigration from this port evinced by respectable far mers and industrious agricultural labourers, with their wives and families, who are pouring in from the counties of Limerick and Clare, as at the present season. DREADFUL MURDER.—On Wednesday night last, a quiet farmer, at Graguengower, near Westmeath, was re turning from the fair of Clonmel, on the Ist instant, after selling a cow, when he was waylaid and brutally murdered by three men named Carrigan, who literally dashed out his brains with stones, for no other reason but that he was a brother-in-law of men of the name of Power, who were of an opposite party. MORE CURSING.—The following paragraph is from the Westmeath Guardian. There is in it nothing to call for particular remark. His reverence is but working in his vocation—labouring to extinguish any li•tle spark of inde pendence that he can discover in his flock. But what a church it is to belong to ! and what a clergy to look up to for instruction !—" We have heard on good authority that a respectable shopkeeper in Moyvore, a Roman Catholic, who voted for W. H. Daniel, at the late election of poor law guardians, has been denounced by the priest ; and such is the effect produced on the country people that his shop would not be entered, nor a loaf of his bread (he having a bakery) purchased by one of them. The Radical papers still cry out famine in Ireland. To show what ground for fear exists we quote the authentic prices of potatoes, as we find them recorded in the mer cantile papers of the day. At Cork the average price is 6 2-3 d.. per stone of 141 b ; at Limerick, 51d. • at Water ford, 6d. ; at Clontnel, sirl.; at Wexford, 5 d. ; at Kil kenny, 5d.; at Belfast. 44d. At Novtownards, County Down, a respectable dealer has contracted to supply the workhouse with potatoes for the next two months, that is for April and May, at 4s. 4d. per cwt, or 61d. per stone, the contractor binding himself to take back all dis eased potatoes, REPEAL ASSOCIATION.—At the weekly meeting, on Monday, which was all but deserted, Mr. Steele denounced all repeal members who should not attend in Parliament after Easter, as betraying their duty to their constituents and their country. He also congratulated the meeting on the altered tone of the speeches in Parliament, on both sides, and the modification of the Coercion Bill, and spoke of Lord John Russell's address as one of " magni ficent statesmanship." Mr. Ray stated that the Liver pool repeal warden, about to emigrate to America, was Mr. Thomas Fallon. The rent for the week, which in cluded £9 from Liverpool, was announced to be £l9O. . . MORE DENUNCIATION.—Mr. Carrick, whose assassin ation we recently announced, was not, as at first supposed, a Rom - an Catholic. He was a Protestant of liberal opin ions—an Emancipator—a Whig—a supporter of Mr. O'Connell at the hustings ; but, unfortunately for himself, an opponent in the arena of Conciliation Hall. "Ile was," says Mr. Creagh, "a decided anti-repealer, and subscribed the anti-repeal declaration, and, as a grand juror and ma gistrate of his county, also signed a memorial in favour of the Arms Act, and for this apparent change in his political conduct, he doubtless incurred the displeasure of the repeal party. A few months before his death he was publicly denounced, together with other gentlemen, from the alter of a Chapel in the district, a circumstance that ought to be inquired into by a committee of either house of parliament." —Dub/in Mail. _ _ larsH l'HovrsioNs.—The following are the arrivals at the port of Liverpool from the principal ports of Ire land, from the 27th ult. to the 2d instant, inclusive :- 2,796 firkins, 98 half firkins, 23a baskets, casks, &c., and 117 boxes of butter; 606 sacks. 2,28 barrels, 83 quarters, and 54 tons weight of wheat; 2,675 sacks and some bar rels of flour; 150 tons weight and 74 bags of oats; 1,102 sacks, 40 tons weight, and 134 other packages of oatmeal ; 299 sacks and 20 quarters of malt ; 14 bags of beans ; 14 bags of barley ; 21 casks, 1,149 kegs, and 120 firkins of lard ; 337 barrels, 50 quarter barrels, and 11 kegs of pork ; 235 sacks of meal • 492 boxes and tierces, 19 bales and 2 other packages of linens and cottons ; several packages of general provisions ; 74 puncheons and 1 casks of whiskey ; 51 sacks of groats; 550 barrels and 18 tierces of bacon ; 72 packages of hams, 15 of seed, 222 sacks of farina flour, and numerous other articles of minor importance. SHAMEFUL OUTRAGE.—On Wednesday, at half-past seven, two men disguised entered the kitchen of Scarth House, near Kilkishen, Co. Clare, the re , idence of Sur geon Kenny, w hen one of the cowardly ruffians struck one the servants, a female, a violent blow on the head with a pistol. They then delivered a written notice for the Doctor. directing the entrance gate to be kept open for the future, that the people of the neighbourhood may have free access to a spring well on the lawn, and threatening Miss Bevan an excellent lady, and relative of the family, with the death of Messrs. Gloster and Carrick, if she did not discharge a particular female servant. Upon the first entrance of the burglars into the house, Miss Bevan fled, imagining they came for fire arms, and having climbed over the entrance gate, she alarmed the neighbours, but strange to say, none of them would go for the police, though not far off. nor return with her to the house. She, however, at all risks, returned by herself. . . _ _ Dublin was visited last week by a terrific storm of wind, accompanied by cold rain and sleet. The storm raged to such an extent, that, near Kingstown, two young gentlemen were blown into the sea, one of whom, the son of Mr. Gibton, a stock-broker, was drowned. IMPORTANT CASE.—At Roscommon assizes on Wednesday, the case of Kelly v. Kelly came on. It was an ejectment brought to recover from the defendant the property denomi nated Rookwood, which had been left to defendant by the will of her late husband, but which plaintiff claimed for his heir-at law. The issue involved a question of property to the amount of .t'600,000, one of the largest properties in Ireland. The case affected freehold property about .t"4000. The defendant is Mrs. Kelly, of county of Galway, who was married to the late Edmond Kelly, a gentleman who made an immense fortune at his profession of attorney, and who by his will left his whole fortune to his wife amounting to the enormous sums above mentioned. The plaintiff and his brother were it appears distant relations of deceased, and next of kin, and th.y .imipcn,hod the will of daaaftaad, ea *ha groin do that their late relation was not in such a state of mind as to ren der him capable of making a will, and that the defendant used undue influence over deceased by getting him to make a will in her favour. A compromise was after some time effected, by the defendant paying .t 7,500 to the plaintiff. THE ANCIENT CREED OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The Rev. R. J. M`Ghee—a man known and honoured by every Protestant—has addressed a letter, under date 7th instant, to Dr. Murray and the theological professors of the College of Maynooth, in which, after announcing that he had forwarded to them a document, he says, that, in connection with it, be is about to make an appeal to them, "on the important subject of endeavouring to pro- mote the Christian peace and union of our dear country. men," and that, if they be sincerely desirous of uniting in the one pure faith of the ancient Holy Catholic Church, he sees not why, with the divine blessing. " Ireland may not again become a glorious and happy land, as any truly Christian country must be." Mr. M'Ghee then proceeds as follows : 111 y object now, is to bring into the narrowest compass the great principles of the case. Sufficient time given you for deliberation will enable you more fully to consider the important subject, and afford the laity of our churches leisure to consider it for themselves. _ _ It is my intention, please God, to fix on some public place, of which you shall have proper notice. and at a public meeting ; open to Roman Catholics and Protestants —it you will favour me with your presence and co-opera tion—if not all, as many of you as may please to come—l wish to submit to those assembled, the following resolu tions, to which I think the Roman Catholics in general can see no objection :- 1. Resolved,—That all Irishmen, whether Protestants or Roman Catholics, who love their country, and have any sense of the obligation of Christian charity, and of the holy law of God, which teaches us to love our neighbour as ourselves, ought to feel heartily grieved for the dissen sions and divisions which exist, on the ground of religion, amongst us, and to consider whether we cannot reconcile our differences, without abandoning the great principles of the Christian faith. 2. Resolved.—That it stands to common sense, to all principles of sound reasoning, and of true religion, that the profession of faith, which constituted the true stan dard of Christianity for the ancient holy Catholic church for more than fifteen centuries, must be that profession of faith which constitutes the true standard of Christianity to this day ; arid that the profession of faith in which all our forefathers agreed before Luther was born, which, up to the year of his death, was "that summary in which all who held the Catholic faith necessarily agreed"—" that firm and only foundation, against which the gates of hell shall never prevail"—is, and ought to be, the true and only summary in which all Irishmen should agree at this day ; and that we ought openly to unite in that holy pro fession of faith, and in none other. 3. Resolved.—That those who hold this pure, unadul terated standard of faith of the ancient holy Catholic and apostolic church, must necessarily be this day the repre sentatives of that holy Catholic church ; and that those who corrupt or adulterate that pure standard of faith, by adding to it, or diminishing from it, cannot, consequent ly, be the representatives of those who held it pure and unadulterated, as it was from the beginning ; and that it is the plain Christian duty of those who have corrupted or adulterated it by any novelties whate'ter, to renounce such novelties, and to return to the true and pure faith of the Catholic church, and to " that firm and only foundation against which the gates of hell shall never prevail." These resolutions, most rev. and rev, sirs, are, I hum bly, conceive, consonant to plain truth, and worthy of being proposed and adopted by Roman Catholics and Protestants, in every city, town, and village in Ireland ; and I do not despair of seeing them so proposed and so adopted, after our meeting in Dublin shall be univer sally known. And now, as one fact is worth a thousand arguments, and as example carries tenfold the weight of precept, 1 shall illustrate the power and truth of these resolutions by my act and my example. You know the document I have had the honour of sending you—l trust it shall soon be in the hands of the Roman Catholics and Protestants of Ireland—l refer you now to that document. I shall take to the platform, please God, that document, and those to which it refers. I call on ou to bring your Ritual, in which you have your formulary for absolving heretics. The mode of your conforming to our church, is to re. nounce the twelve articles added by Pope Pius, and to repeat and sign our standard of faith, which is the Nicene Creed alone, as your profession of faith—tt.en we receive you. Now, I pledge myself to adopt your creed, and to con form, on the public platform, to the church of Rome, if you prove that the creed which you call on me to sign was ever published, or heard of, as the ancient creed or pro fession of faith of the Catholic church before the year 1564. if you give this up, and are unable to do so, then I ap peal to you as-men who p ro f e s s to belong to the holy Ca tholic church, and I call on you in the name of God to renounm all novelties, and to conform to the branch of the holy Catholic church to which we belong, by adopting and signing our profession of faith, which I will prove by the infallible evidence of your own Councils to have been the profession of faith of the ancient holy CaihJlic church up to February 4, 1546, and which continues to be ours to this day. I presume to say, that as far as our example can extend through Ireland, this will determine the question as to the matter of fact of the novelty or antiquity of the standard profession of faith in the church of England and the church of Rome. When this is settled, as to the date of our respective professions of faith, then arises the great question as to the truth of them. We shall confine ourselves, at our fist meeting, to the single question—" Which is the an cient and which the modern one ?" ,But as to the next great question, which is the true one ? I think I shall pro. ose, and have the honour of submitting to you, a mode quite as satisfactory and conclusive on this head ; and as this meeting, and this mode of determining truth, which I have now the honour to propose to you, is evi dently free from all contention, and a were candid and simple determination of dates and facts, so the subsequent test, to prove the truth of these respective standards, which I shall submit to you, please God, shall be free from all the painful contentions and unsatisfactory disputations which have characterised all other discussions, and shall prove, I trust, conclusive and satisfactory to ourselves and all our countrymen, and a basis of permanent union, on the great foundation of the ancient holy Catholic faith amongst us. _ _ _ May that God, in whose hands are the hearts of all men, give to us such a right judgment and conscience in these solemn subjects as we shall all wish we had had when " we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he bath done, whether it be good or bad"-2 Cor. v. 10.-1 have the honour to be, Most Rev. and Rev. Gentlemen, your faithful servant in Christ, R. J. M'GHEE. RAILWAY INTALLIGEACE. The Direct Northern Railway Bill has passed the Lords Standing Orders Committee. _ The ` : first sod" of the East Lancashire Extension rail way was raised on Saturday week, near Accrington. The attorney and Solicitor General have given an opi nion in favour of the validity of the subscription dee d of the London and York railway. Within the last few days some thousands of circulars are said to have found their way into the hands of allottees requesting an immediate payment of sums varying from 2s. 6d. to 7s. 6d. per share. The Standing Orders Committee of the House of Lords have declared the subscription contract under which the shareholders are held bound in the London and York Railway to be a valid contract; and the bill is therefore to be proceeded with. At a meeting of the shareholders of the Dutch Rhenish Railway, held on Thursday, in London, a communica tion was made from the directors respecting the progress and prospects of the company. which was considered so satisfactory that a vote of confidence was passed to them. Disturbances have occurred on the Eastern Union Rail way, in the neighbourhood of Ipswich, between the " miners" (who work in the tunnel), and the " navies," caused it is believed by the jealousy of the latter at the higher wages obtained by the " miners." The movement in favour of winding up abortive rail way projects still goes on. This is the great subject now discussed among all persons connected with the railway interest, and it is really astonishing to find how universal has become the desire to see measures adopted which have this object in view. FALL OF A RAILWAY BRIDGE.—On Tuesday week, the principal pillar of the stone bridge acro , a the Caldew, near the Long Island, belonging to the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, and which leads to the canal basin, gave way, sinking nearly two feet,—the ceare arch and roadway sinking to the same extent. The bridge will have to be entirely taken down. A highly respectable solicitor in town, who successfully prosecuted the action Nockels v. Crosby, in the Court of Queen's Bench, and recovered back from the provisional committee the whole of the deposit which Nockels, the allottee, bad paid, has now, we are informed. 100 similar cases against committee men, and entertains the fullest confidence of rnccess in the whole of the eases. A GENTLE HINT TO RAILWAY SOLICITORS.—At the recent assizes for the county of Kent, held before Lord Denman. the proprietor of the Kentish Mercury brought un action against a Mr. Curling, a solicitor, in London, for advertising two or three railway notices, &c., in that paper, the amount of which, £7O 135., was sought to be recovered. The defendant had paid £5 lls. 3d. into court, and denied his further responsibility, as being merely a solicitor for the different companies. The jury, however, thought different, and returned a verdict for the plaintiff for £64 3s. ; thus showing that solicitors to rail ways, as well as provisional committees and directors, are liable for advertisements published by their or Per. THE NARROWEST LOCOMOTIVE LINE.—Mr. IL Ste phenson stated, in his evidence before the Gauge Com missioners, that there was a line of railway laid down between Antwerp and Ghent, on a gauge of 3 feet 9 inches, and that he himself had travelled on an experi mental line 10 or 12 miles long, laid down by M. Derei der, from Brussels towards Mons. The gradients of this line were favourable-8, and 10, and 12 feet a ; but several unusually sharp curves occurred. With a small engine, M. Dereider drove along this line with a load of 40 tons, at the rate of 30 miles an hour, very smoothly. The Union, the same gauge, between Ghent and Antwerp, a distance of between 50 and 60 miles, is in successful operation, conveying both goods and passengers. PROJECTED RAILWAYS.-A circular will be immedi ately issued from the Joint-Stock Companies Registra tion-office, addressed to the several provisionally regis tered railway companies, stating that it is the intention of her propose t o Majesty's parliament bill i t u o on e e n d a i b a l t e el a y n y after il railway t er,to com pany which at the time of the passing of the bill shall not have obtained its act of parliament to dissolve itself. By the bill it is intended to provide for the calling of a meet ing of the shareholders, either by the managing body or by a given number of shareholders, at which meeting it is intended that the holders of a majority of the shares in the company, or the holders of three-fifths of the shares belonging to those present or represented by proxy at the meeting, shall have the power to determine upon the dis solution of the company. Due provision will be made for a sufficient public notice being given of the time and place of meeting, and of the mode in which absent share holders are to be represented by proxy. Upon the disso lution being carried at the meeting the property of the company is to become forthwith vested in certain persons to be appointed for the purpose of winding up the concern, and, after discharging the liabilities, for distributing the surplus. The actual holders of scrip are to be taken as shareholders, entitled by themselves or their proxies to attend the meetings. LAW INTELLIGENCE, TRIAL BY JURY.—At the recent Monmouth assizes, Lord Denman's opinion that trial by jury may scmetimes become " a mockery, a delusion, and a snare," was rather amusingly illustrated. It would appear that it is custo mary to insert in commissions issued from the Home Office for the holding of assizes, the names of the ser jeants and Queen's counsel who actually attend the cir cuit. On Friday, Baron Pollock, fearing that he should not be able to open the Gloucester assizes on Monday if unassisted, assigned the trial of several cases to Mr. Ser jeant Allen, who took his seat in the Borough Court, and proceeded with business. After the trial of some twelve or fifteen cases it was discovered that the learned Ser jeant's name had been omitted in the commission, and that his powers as a judge were about as great as those of the crier of the court ! Consternation quickly seized the Court, counsel, prosecutors, et hoc genus omne—all but the luckless prisoners. who no doubt felicitated them selves with having gained a second chance for their liberty. Fresh juries had to be empanelled, messengers despatched with painful celerity to remote parts of the county for wit nesses, and, in fact, the whole proceedings to be com menced de novo. On Saturday morning, however, the irregularity was cured by the re-trial of the several pri soners by the Chief Baron. It is worthy of remark that one of the convicts, who had been sentenced to fifteen years' transportation on his first conviction, escaped with seven on the second. The late lamented Earl Spencer is stated by the Don caster Gazette to have died in consequence of the Gout having receded from his lordship's foot and attacked a vital organ, rendering unavailing all the efforts of his medical attendants. This is the second member of the aristocracy aho has fallen a victim to this cruel disorder, a calamity which is the more to be deplored for had Blair's Gout and Rheumatic Pills been resorted to, every hope might have been entertained that those lives would have been spared, it being one of the essential qualities of this medicine to arrest in its progress the disease, and effectually to prevent its attacking any vitel part. IMPORTANT TO FARMERS. — We have copied the Pre face to the new edition of "The Complete Gtazier," advertised in our columns of this day, as it so well:displays the valuable contents of the volume, and having under gone a thorough revision by Mr. Youatt. the popular author of The Horse, Cattle, &c., wa think we are serv ing our agricultural friends by bringing before them this excellent publication. "In presenting this eighth edition of a work, the original value of which has been sufficiently attested by its sale, to the public, the proprietors beg leave to state that no endeavours have been spared to bring it up to the present state of science. It has under gone a complete revision—received an addition of sixty pages of new matter, and as many valuable cuts—engrav ings of the most recent and valuable agricultural imple ments have been added, as well as cuts of all the principal artificial grasses, with the assistance of which the agri culturist will be enabled at once to recognise and dis tinguish each different one at a glance. The book "On Manures," that subject of such vital importance in agri culture, has been revised according to the best native and foreign authorities, and in a manner re-written, and an account given of all the most recently introduced ferti lizers, their action, the mode of applying them, and the quantities in which they should be used ; as well as of the latest discoveries relative to the powers of those manures, which have been long known and used. To this may be added that the breeding, rearing, general e anagement, and medical treatment of Cattle, Horses, Poultry, Sheep, and Swine, are practically treated of; together with the fattening of Cattle, the management of the Dairy, and the manufacture at butter and cheese ; the operation of Dean stonising, Draining, Irrigating, and Warping, with the improvements ma d e i n th em f u lly described; the value, nutritive powers, mode of raising, and most advantageous mode of consuming all kinds of grain, roots, leguminous plants, and natural and artificial grasses accurately de tailed ; and the newest and best agricultural implements described ; in fact, the volume has been rendered as re plete with all the information most valuable to the Farmer and the Grazier, as it was in the power of the Editor to make it." LOSS OF THE COLONIES OF ENGLAND (TO THE EDITOR OF THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN.) _ Glasgow, )3th April, 1846. . _ SIR,—As in your article on Saturday (FOREIGN AND COLONIAL TRADE) you grievously misrepresent the views, against out-and-nut free trade, which I have put forth in the Scotch Reformers' Gazette, I hope you will not refuse me the privilege of setting myself right with readers of the Guardian. Allow me to say, that there is not a man in England whose sympathies are more with the working classes than mine are; indeed, I bave always held that the other classes or orders in such a society as ours are only a pub lic benefit to the extent that, directly or indirectly, they are of use and assistance to those who labour fur their bread. My objection to the principle of Sir Robert Peel's le gislation, is, that he regards the poor only as consumers, and legislates for them only in common with the rich. (How blessed the poor would be to find themselves so circumstanced.) I am of opinion, on the contrary, (as stated in my letter in the Reformers' Gazette of 4.11 April), that, like the Americans, THE WHOLE OBJECT OF OUR LEGISLATION SHOULD BE THE BENEFIT OF THOSE WHO LABOUR. If, then, you and I are both friends of the people, our controversy becomes the friendly and generous one of WHOSE PLAN SHALL BENEFIT THEM MOST. Now, I object to what you call the principle of free trade, because I do not call it a principle or system at all, but just in trade what free-thinking is in religion, a de parture from all principle or system, than which the worst possible embodyment of sincere belief is less fatal or dan geroui to the community. To Sir Robert Peel's tariff, as reducing the protection on 'manufactured goods, I would object still more than to the removal of protection to British and colonial corn, were it not that one of the immediate effects flowing from the latter, viz.,—the loss of the British American Colo nies—would be irremediable. I frankly admit, however, that with free trade in ma nufactures, the retention of a duty on foreign corn ought not to be submitted to by the British artisan. These measures must go together, or together be stopped. _ _ If they pass into law, we will not only lose the trade of the colonies , but the colonies themselves; and, with them. firstly, our naval supremacy, and, secondly, Ireland. With regard to the possibility of retaining the colonies, I defy the Colonial Minister. or any one else, to show me any bond of union between Canada and England, after free trade is introduced. The fact is, that ignorantly governed as that colony has been by Downing-street, the loyalists will not be able to stand their ground against the republicans in Canada West, if the former are armed with no fact. in favour of the British Government; and if the monstrous principle is avowed, that England wants territory in America, not to benefit, but only to rule, or misrule it ! The Republican tarty in Upper Canada are all free traders, and a favourite means of gettin t , the province free from England (by making it of no use to the mother country) used to be the pushing for free trade with the United States. In 1836, the Lower House of the Canadian Parliament (which had then a majority of Republicans) petitioned the King on this subject, and the following remarks of my own, in the colocy at the time, I happen to have pre served : " Though addressed to the King, the province is evi " dently i , s intended sphere of usefulness. The petition " carries to the foot of the Throne suggestions, which if " acquiesced in, would leave Canada of no five to Eng " land. In fact, the repeal of our frontier duties would " at once endanger the connection with England, seeing "that we could expect nothing less than the repeal as a " consequence of those laws of the United Kingdom which "give our produce advantages in the home market, in " return for our employing the British artisan and ship " owner. The Republicans (the present petitioners) will " then triumphantly say to us, where, now, are all your " old arguments, to show the value to our farmer of Me " connection ?" In the following year (1837) the State of New York stopped specie payments, by act f the legislature, and we had thus brought before us more clearly than ever that even as a protection for our circulation duties on the frontier were required, and that if free trade had existed, the only safety for the stocks of our merchants and the labour of our farmers and mechanics (in Canada they feel as brethren), would hate been to depreciate our currency also, and retain our gold, till our neighbours returned to a specie standard. 1 go into these particulars to show that free trade be tween Canada and the United States (the necessary con sequence of the introduction of free trade into England), IS EQUIVALENT TO THE SEPARATION OF THE COLONY FROM ENGLAND. The Americans will not in turn free trade with us; and having all the disadvantages of the trade with the United States, the natural desire of the Canadians to have the advantages (3 4 it too, will precipitate the annexation sooner than the general difference between the views and habits of the Canadian and the American would lead parties at a distance to expect it. The loss of British America thus effected, the empire, instead of soon being able (through applying enlightened and active management in these colonies) to raise up a colonial trade intrinsically as valuable as all our foreign trade, will have the present colonial trade reduced to the average of the United States, or about one-fourth the amount per head that colonists take of British goods. This is the consummation so devoutly desired by the Ame ricans. They will tell you otherwise ; but never let us forget the sympathisers of 1837 and 1838, nor allow our selves to be gulled into the belief that the hearts'-wish of every Republican is not to see the United States possessed of Quebec. and monarchy driven from America, and not to see WASHINGTON'S favouoite project carried out of annexing to their Reoublic the Gibraltar of our West Indian colonies, the Bermudas, to make them a nest of hornets for the annoyance of English commerce in times of trouble. You alb() accuse me of ALLEGING THAT THE BRITISH ARTISAN IS DEPENDANT ON COLONIAL TRADE FOR TIIE EMPLOYMENT WHICH HE RECEIVES. Now, I allege no such absurdity, although I think that, had we for the last twenty years followed a sound and ex tensive system of removing to the colonies of our surplus population, this country might now have been very inde pendent of foreign trade. WHAT I ALLEGE IS, THAT THE ONLY PERMANENT DEPENDENCE OF THE BRI TISH ARTISAN IS THE PROSPERITY OF BRITISH AGRICULTURE, OF WHICH COLONIAL INDUSTRY IS A BRANCH. I allege, moreover, and that truthfully, that the Colonial, like the Home trade, has the only limit to its purchases of manufactures IN the extent of its entire means, while Brother Jonathan, and all other foreigners. will not take English goods for one-half the amount even of that part of their means which they draw from England. The following extract of my letter of 14th March, in the Scotch Reformers' Gazelle, will show exactly the views I expressed : In a former number it was shown that free trade must necessarily, in its very nature, lose us the colonies, be cause the principle of protection abandoned, the colonial system (which is a mere branch of it) falls also, or, what is to my mind far worse (and could only last a year or two), the colonies become a drag on the empire, having ceased to benefit the mother country in any way after they have thrown off the Imperial Parliament's right to legislate for their trade, and commenced free trade with all the world. But I argue for the retention of the colonies only, be cause it is the interest of England. I hold that it were better for England to lose her colo nies, magnificent though these be, than to for ear doing anything which is shown to be clearly in favour of the oppressed population in this country. Though I before pointed out that the adoption of free trade would necessarily lose the colonies (whose markets there is no reason for us going to the expense of defend ing, unless our manufactures are protected there), I do not pretend to argue that, to save the colonies, for their sake alone, should prevent us adopting free trade in Englaed, if the greater and more immediate interests of the mother country would be advantaged thereby. Far, however, from this being the case, I view free trade as tending to reduce the extent of our own manu factures, to degrade the condition of our manufacturers, and thus to secure for the aristocracy by-and-bye a mono poly of political power in England. as rendering it in character more an agricultural country than at present ! In fact I view that free trade is suicide on the part of Mr. Cobden end the weavers. I cannot suppose any way by which Sir Robert Peel has secured the support of those independent members of the aristocracy, who are favourable to his measure, in the face of the scorn of their friends, and the inward contempt of their former political adversaries, and by their seeing it to be the ul timate interest of their class. Sir Robert Peel may have shown them that, as they in dividually are now able to submit to a loss, they should do so. as this would be the only means of rolling back the tide of popular feeling in politics, and securing the re duction of every interest in the country into the narrow limit the formerly enabled them to control the govern ment of the country. Sir Robert Peel's measure, in fact, as he well knows, while it puts all interest down, puts down the manufac turing interest more than any other, and will eventually make it a secondary int, rest in England. Sir Robert Peel's measure may deprive the landlords of luxuries, or even comforts, which an artificial state of society has named necessaries, but the weaver will be de prived of actual employment (as a weaver): tins, Ist. The landlords who are not driven to become ab sentees will not be able to pay for seventy-five per cent. (or three-fourths) the amount of goods they now take, and a large part of that diminished quantity will be fo reign manufactures. 2d. The tenants and agricultural labourers, even if they take as many goods (a thing impossible), will, like the other classes of the community, prefer i some (less or ff more) foreign articles, and thus a falling en the manu facture of the British article will accrue; but as the Bri tish agriculturists and weavers will both have to compete with foreigners of less expensive habits or modes of life, who are, in fact, content with coarser food than the Eng lish get in workhouses, and do not require the same amount of fuel or clothing—their views in these respects must, no doubt, come down to prevent th em starving; amid so cruel a competition (foreigners having the use of British markets, but not the British in foreign markets). 3d. The co'onies will, in the same way, take fewer Bri tish goods, und,r free trade between each colony and 01l the world even if their means of buying were not reduced. It is self-evident, however, that, to the extent that their wheat, or their sugar, or their timber produces less money, l in made demand up to from him British by a they must take fewer goods. 4th. The manufacture r w ill no t h ave a ll t h ese deficien ciesea simi lar an d it o h r o greater favoured amount of increase in the forei gn d eman d. O n t h e c ontrary, in stead r g t tera m n char). stead of increasing, the foreign demand will gradually fall of ; governments abroad will, by their duties, prohibit British goods the more they see that they can in British gold for their products Sad for a few years that impulse April 14, 1846. for their domestic manufactures which hitherto they have wanted, but which in a few years would not only create in an increased manufacturing population a great enduring home market for their produce (enduring if they don't take up free trade theories), but enabled them to compete wi►h England in other foreign markets, if not in England itself. So that the independent aristocracy see, that though the ordeal will be a fiery one to their neighbours whose lands are in debt, and a more fiery one still to the manu facturers, or rather weavers, the final result will assuredly be, that the landowners will be the permanently predomi nant and popular or powerful interest, the weavers having been one-half driven back again to the fields by want of manufacturing employment. The effect, in fact, of Sir Robert Peel's measure will be to prevent all progress iti manufvrturing, and reduce the whole of the interests of the country into a narrower compass, in which, in the way I have pointed out, agriculture will loom the largest. not because large, but because all other interests have been made smaller in proportion by Sir Robert Peel's liberal measure. Without imputing improper, or rather dishonourable motives to Sir It. Peel, we assert, beyond the fear of contradiction, that at present he is the means of mislead ing the public mind. Toward the end of his great speech on the evening of the Nth ult., he says : And suppose the tenant said, " But this is a labourer's ques tion ?" I should answer, " Then, my good fellow, if we make this land, which now produces three quarters, produce five quarters, we shall employ more labourers. There will be a greater demand for labour, and all parties will be benefited. The estate will be benefited : the guarantee for the rent will be improved; your comfort will be increased; there will be more labour employed ; and all this by the application of a little of that savi g which the hon. gentleman says the rich are to derive from the tariff I introduced." (Loud cheers.) Those business men who cheered Sir Robert Peel knew full well, if he did not, that his remark, if true of any land, is only true of the very best land ; and that showing that some lands would grow two-thirds more wheat, is just showing that the price of wheat would be so reduced with free trade as to make it necessary to throw the poorer lands (such as would yield no more than the pre sent crops) into woods or grass, as being worth no rent at all for purposes of cultivation. If the Poorer lands are thrown out of cultivation, it will be impossible to make up the loss out of an increase of even two-thirds on the better lands, and there will be nothing like the means in the country to buy manufac tures. Mr. Hudson, in his speech, states — That the probable average price of corn under the new bill would be from 355. to 40s. a quarter. The hon. member's calculation will prove quite correct. Let us suppose a farm now let thus— Ina acres. at 3 per acre Produces 300 quirters at a clear profit. of 265. Ild, equal to. Remaining to the tenant. ... £lOO I assume that neither tenant nor agricultural labourer will, till absolute necessity compels it, work for less than at present; and that the first brunt of this free trade in corn will come on the two extremes, the landlord and weaver. I think that foreign competition will lead to the follow ing result in the case of the best lands : The 100 acres will now be let for one-half The produce will be raised 50 per cent . so thdt 365. 3d will do instead of 51s. Iod. (stated by Sir R. Pe 1 to be the present average), 450 quarters, at Its. Id. clear profit Leav'ng the same result to the tenant . But take the case of land whose yield cannot be in creased— The 100 acres will be let for nothing, or The produce, 300 quarters at 11 s. Id. clear profi £66 13 4 .166 13 4 Leaving the same result to the tenant. £lOO 0 0 The 100 acres formerly produced 300 quarters, at 515.101. 777 10 0 The 100 now produce 300 quarters at 365. 6d 543 15 0 The ability of the country trade is reduced, or one-third.f 233 ]5 0 But the landlord could not stand by and see his pro perty wholly sacrificed, so that his land will be forced back into grass or woods, as the colonies will be forced out of our hands by the competition of fereign corn, instead of, as Sir Robert Peel assures us, cresting more employ ment or labour for the surplus population of the country ! You will thus see clearly my position to be, that (as it is only by their labour that the people can attain pro visions) the self-evident proposition is, that no amount of "FOOD IN THE COUNTRY" would be of benefit to the poor if it is not paid for in BRITISH LABOUR. As anxious only to attain for our oppressed working classes the nearest approach to "a happy independence," I would at once give the people the ray of confidence and contentment which would flow from their being made to feel sure that FOR THE FUTURE IHE WHOLE OBJECT or BRITISH LEGISLATION WILL BE, FIRST TO PROCURE, AND THEN 10 RENDER PERMANENT, THE LARGEST amount OF EMPLOYMENT FOR THOSE WHO LABOUR FOB. THEIR BREAD. This, in reality (apart from Anti-Corn-law slang and humbug) is the GREATEST AMOUNT Of BREAD FOR TSB In the now imminently artificial state of this country, I would be willing to advance to the extremest point of liberality to the foreigner to induce a reciprocal trade with him. I would even arrange to take his wheat on the same duty-free footing as home and colonial wheat, if the foreigner takes payment in the labour of the British artisan. I_ would do this as a duty to the working classes, even if the tearing up of every treaty and parchment in exis tence was involved. But for us to adopt a system that not only gives, but professes to give, our HARD MONEY TO THE FOREIGNER TO TAKE TO THE NORTH OF EUROPE AND AMERICA, FOR THE AVOWED PURPOSE (A W)SI` SENSIBLE AND PATRIOTIC ONE ON HIS PART) OF BUILDING UP RIVAL MANUFACTURES TO THOSE OF THE BRITISH MECHANIC, AND THEN TO ADMIT THESE DUTY FREE TO COMPETE WITH OUR OWN HEAVILY TAXED LABOUR, SEEMS TO ME TO AMOUNT TO SUICIDE ON THE PART OF BOTH THE MANUFACTURING AND AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS OP THIS COHN') RY I view THE FREE TRADE PROPOSED as only removing the resit ictions from, and giving freedom to, the industry of foreign countries. Far from being an encouragement to native industry, FREE TRADE PRACTICALLY DENIES THE BRITISH ARTI• SAN'S RIGHT TO LABOUR, BY TARING AWAY HIS OPPOR- TUNITY TO DO SO Small though the exports to the Colonies show in your tables, it is wonderful to me to see the amounts they are, knowing how grievously the progress of the Colonies has been neglected. Neither the two most practical of purposes—the AME LIORATION OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE BRITISH ARTISAN, AND THE PROCURING PERMANENT MARKETS FOR OUR MANUFACTURES, through planting in our Co lonies a population with British habits—have come home to governments, which have not usually been many months at a time otherwise engaged than in mere struggles for existence. The comparative value of Home and Colonial, as com pared with Foreign trade, must not be judged by mere figures. — lt should be remembered that as much or more profit accrues, in the Home and Colonial trade, to British sub jects on the goods after they leave Manchester as before, and that the Home and Colonial trades take no gold, while to the Americans we pay more gold than gools, and do not materially increase our exports to the United Stitteg; although in 1815 we took from them 1,499.6'10 bales of cot ton, against 329,906 bales in 1822, with a similar increase in most of our other imports. From the Colonies yoU have an increasing demand, as the population increases; but the United States, with a population of twenty mil lions, do not take double the quantity of goodi i hey did when a colony, with scarcely over two millions Zra 'Tis true that your tables show a large business with the Americans in 1835 and 1836, but your readers will scarcely forget the immense distress through the abrupt stoppage of the mighty machinery set in motion in Man chester and Hudd , r-field to supply fancy goods for a demand which was so artificial, that the arrival of one packet from New York blew it all to the Rinds! (Continued on page 8.) ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—THE COMING SEASON. There are few subjects we approach with more gratifi; cation than that of directing attention to the proeress local improvements, and as their importance is alike inte resting to all, we need offer no apology for the space 1 i? Occupy in giving a brief review of the many beneficia l alterations now in course of completion at the Zoological Gardens. Mr. Atkins, famed hitherto for havii g rendere d this salubrious retreat unequalled even by the metropolt o itself. has this year used exertions that cannot fail (0 ,, elicit the warmt st public approbation. Every importalr feature of the gardens bas been remodelled. The ce ntr' fugal railway has b , en so t xtended that those who wish " a turn in the world" will also have the gratification ( 0 ° "one good turn deserves another") of being curled, bf the velocity the carriage has gain4d, on a circular line 0 rails round the ornamental parterre to the place fro whence they originally started. A saloon, capable ? containing about 3000 persons, which will be principa lly dedicated to the muses, is already in a forward state n et erection. The celebrated Mr. He nr y Russell will, . 91 ,r learn, open it ; and with Julien and the leading " lions of the musical world, a succession of highly interesi concerts will be kept up. The rising grou n d a t the WI . , of the lake will be converted into a view of Edinburgh' and from a model we have seen, we have no hesitatici b l ; saying it will surpass anything hitherto presented• scene is taken from the castle moat—a p'aition that give advantageous views of th e a ncie n t fortification, the.gae'a dens, Sir Walter Scott's statue, the city, the ut national monument, and all the intervening and beautifully wooded hills between this mochrn Athens and Mr sb a ) o l which are so ri c hly coloured and so admirably minh' s s in the distance, where they soften with the clouds of l'ht, ture, that they leave the spectator doubting whelh er t he gazes on reality or fiction. The time selected for to i.. scene is that of the Queen's Visit, which gives oefo rt u a vet ties for those gorgeous coloured illuminations thatlrbe given such indescribable beauty to previous scenes . . "pa menagerie has been greatly increased—four splend:d s i have been added, as also have numerous other en'll t iog and Mr. Atkins has so far succeeded in domesttc_..cv. many of the mast ferocious tribes, that they will sionally appear in one den. The refreshment s alon de ed been refitted, and will be conducted by Mr. Fisk ; n es uothing cooduciye to public accommod a ti on has beer' glected. f To one other fact would we draw the attenti on l , ? S ac readers, to the reductio n i n the p r ice of annual tattle a re missions, which are now so low, that we trust titer and so a few who will not avail the m selves of the opporlo n i t „ n ' g or as there is no man who has been more entrrptl7:oosf; more successful in catering for intellectual pub lic 0 still ment that Mr. Atki ns , we hone his honest 3.1:).P of to meet with that :ib era l, th a t deserved reward, and anxiety has merited.