The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-08-23 00:00:00

EVEN: See the shadows now are stealing, tin's breast— Slowly down the if le turret 1 ells are p Hark ! tf, Cheerily the hour of rest. ht closes ; Now the in All the world from toil Every breeze has s reposes; and died— Tis the peaceful I O'er the vale the mists are c Chanting hi .ward wends the bee; One by one the stars are peeping Through the welkin tranquilly Murmuring, like a child a dreaming, Starlight on his ripples gleaming, Through the mead the brook doth glide, In the s demn Eventide. Oh 1 how sweet at day's decl Tis to rest from earth-born care ; Gazing on those far worlds shining, Dreaming that our home is there the shadowy gates of Even Shut out earth, they open heaven, Where the soul would fain abide In the Holy Eventide. .—Dublin University Magazine REVIEWS OF BOOKS. Zle Same Companion. London: Office, Fleet-st An extensive collection of miscellaneous reading itt a very low price. It contains many articles amusing and useful, and it is embellished with - wood engravings illustrative of descriptions of 'places of interest. Upon the whole it is superior -to :many publications of similar pretensions, and 110 doubt enjoys an extensive patronage. Diogenes. London: Bennett A rival to Punch, to which it is in many respects equal, and in some superior. It has, however, the fault of harping too much on one string: the Cab . Strike and Chobham Camp. though fertile themes, Jahoula not be snowed to create a monopoly of wit. The British Journal. London Mortimer The conductors of this new aspirant for literary fame, for it has only reached the second number, seem determined to spare no exertion to deserve -the patronage which they seek. The August dumber commences with a continuation of the story of " Pevensey Court." A poem, entitled " The j/faiden of Radstock Vale" is in the attractive style pf the Ingoldsby Legends. A new story is com menced, called " The Rival Cousins," by the Hon. ljharles Stuart Saville. There are also contribu lions by Horace Mayhew, Angus Reach, and others, -the longer articles being interspersed with anec idotes and minor pieces, so that the whole makes 4in agreeable melange of light literature, presented in a very portable form,: and = likely to receive a general welcome. -Chambers' _Edinburgh Journal. London : Orr. There is always something entertaining and in .structive in this ably conducted periodical. The Vart . for August is in no way inferior to the pre seedmg ones, and one of the most interesting fea limes is the monthly letter on " Things talked of in London." In the one before us the writer says:—" The Agricultural Society held their great Annual gathering at Gloucester, with the usual ?Milt of bringing togetherfat oxen." He has here :3nade two mistakes in two words. The animals ,shown are not for fatness, and no oxen whatever -►re exhibited, the competition being confined to breeding animals. Morning Dew Drops. London : Cash. If good pape r an d pr i n t , we ll execu t e d wood-en *ravings, and neat binding, were sufficient to re commend a book to public favour, the one before s would not b e d es tit u t e o f c l a i ms. B ut t h e reading public, viewing the above as very com .3:l:lendable accessories, require to know something e - the subject matter on which the author treats, and in this the book with the taking title of Morning Dew Drops is miserably deficient. It is - 0 re-print of trashy namby-pamby rubbish, pre iiiously published as the " Juvenile Abstainer," and designed to create an excitement in mere children for total abstinence from intoxicating liquors. No cme can too strongly condemn the debasing vice of intoxication, . but it rushing into the other ex treme to excite m children a precocious enthusiasm, which is only another species of intemperance. The book is also put forward under false pretences, which ought to be exposed. Upon the back and the title-page, it is declared to be by Mrs. Balfour Said 'Mrs. H. B. Stowe : whereas all that the latter ihaS to do with it is having written a very short letter on the subject, but mating no reference to the book, containing an absurd computation about 'the cost of intoxicating liquors, and this is placed es an introduction, and spread out in large type, in order to conceal its brevity. Tour on the Continent, by Rail and Road, in the Summer of 1852. By John Barrow, Esq. London : Longmans. In this tour, which extended through Northern Germany, Austria, Tyrol, Austrian Lombardy, &c., fir. Barrow appears to have devoted his attention and observation to the mere outside show of per sons and places, and even that our tourist seems too indolent to describe with either spirit or effect. o prove that in this remark we do the traveller 310 injustice, let us quote, as a mere sample of his Style of observation, the remarkables which struck ills fancy and helped to fill his note-book in his VaSSage from Schoenbrun by the Danube to Melek : ONE OF MR. BARROW'S REMARRABLES, There was but one person in the after-part (of the steamer) in any way remarkable in his appearance. This avas a gentleman with a fiery red pair of moustaches, which, I do not exaggerate in stating, hung from six to eight inches down, on either side, from the upper lip, and - were very bushy into the bargain. He was farther re markable for having an infinity of rings on every finger. With all deference to Mr'. Barrow, we venture to aver there was another person in the after part in no small degree remarkable, and that person MTas Mr. Barrow himself, while in the agonies of lerfecting so admirable a portrait. Moustaches, six or eight inches long, and bushy too, as well as 'Eery red ; and then think of the rings, and say, if any but a remarkable artist could have produced so sparkling a picture ! There can be no harm in such gentlemen as Mr. Barrow—who, we presume, "lives at home at ease"—going abroad to see what - they may see," but some friendly attendant 2ahould prevent their access to pen, ink, and paper ; as it appears that even the veriest twaddler may meet with an indulgent and adventurous publisher d:xtraordinar n • their Boyhood and Early Life. iv William Russell. London : Ingram, Cooke, a n d c o Familiar. know.leodfgie with the . early dawnings . of genius is a species of which stimulates information , the bare mention the or rdent of the moral and intellectual world in no or stinted ation h d o e gr ee ; 'the attempt to secure that na i r n Y fo too frequently results in thankless study ail v d ev gs r : appointment. To say the boyhood of all men is nearly alike, would indeed be to hazard an asser tion not borne out by facts ; still th e s ph ere o f metion in which the operations of boyish spirit can . ! . )e clearly displayed, is limited in the extr eme, and .3 2 1 most instances bounded by a similarity of cir cumstances and event s ; or by c ircumstances over which boys themselves have so little control, as to prevent any very marked distinction in the occur rences of their early years. That there are wide differences to be observed in the application of this rule is perfectly true ; and the volume now before pis furnishes conclusive instances in confirmation of the fact. The memoirs in this volume are neces sarily brief, and an early one is devoted to the youth ful career of Martin Luther, who, as is well known, Was the son of very poor parents, and, as almost a necessary consequence, their gifted son was in his boyhood's days beset by many a hardship ; and that period of his early studies was a period of vicis situde and privation, the following extract will show: LITTHEE AS A MENDICANT MUSICIAN. All that Luther's parents could spare from their scanty finings, helped by the contributions of Dame Ursula, ill 1111 eed to defray the cost of his maintenance at school— 'll,ght in English estimation as that would appear. Like t a ker similarly situated German students of his time, he 'aa accustomed to perambulate the streets of Magdeburgh, ih i ll !g i sin. n! hymns an . d songs, interrupted whenever a sympa ,3,.,, ~, ear was likely to be reached by cries of "Panem -- `"P ; ter Deum" (bread for God's sake). Luther's love of e f e , like all other emotions that welled up from that 46 is reel like heart, was a passion. "Music,". he says, theolo g art of the prophet—the only one which, like flight' , ' ' 3l calm the troubled soul, and put the devil to and hi s t , 1 :7 had, moreoTer, a fine ear and a pleasing voice, degree cpi r e i c e for the divine art was no doubt in some Eis ch ance eaed by the means it afforded of improving - .learned to l o a f obtaining Panem propter Deum. He considerable Y the flute, and touched the lute also with displays in singing " Bread Music" he used to call his -unsuccessful Z e r, l ,,g and instrumentation—very frequently . with iii le sallied forth ': Vpon one occasion, whilst at Eisnach, tours without foe,d, lute, a . ,fter . having passed many th the influence of the bri h`" inspiriting hope that the cloudless heavens, rigi• t, day, shed down from the deep blue and kindness. H e w i g,L2 . t dis Pose his hearers to sympathy gr o ievously mistaken. Hour after tour the future Ap os ic e -voice and fingers, —, 0 _ s f the Reformation . exerted both w ari n vies of a Laudati, o r a , 13 , , g upon the . winged harmo g "lima • and therein unsuccessful, the gently down t o m `lima ' the Jove-breati?ings of a sweet sadness of a psalm, or Soul touched by a more earthly dcTOO2lll YAM alike were eautide, psalm, and bong; tw4 As a last effort, 1 forth to the suburbs of the city, only to :ess, and at one house of more kers, a dog was loosed to drive strel. Fainting with hunger, indignant, foot-sore, utterly disconsolate, Luther, after feebly tottering to some distance from the inhospitable mansion, threw himself upon a rustic bench, beneath tall shadowing elms in front of a cottage, and burst into pas sionate sobbing expressive of the emotion of his soul in the encounter the san mfortunat men melody of an interpretative song. Conrad, the master of the cottage, was absent, but)his wife was fortu 'lately at home, and listened with womanly sympathy to he plaintive strains of the suffering student, whom she rthwith invited to enter the cottage, where he was ntifully regaled with such coarse but abundant fare as Luther never forgot this act of kindness, nd frequently alluded to the circumstance in after life, as if he believed it to have been a special interposition of Heaven in his favour. _ . .t contained. The above anecdote Is interesting in many points of view :—First, as eminently suggestive of the propriety of charitable emotions towards individuals manifesting a disposition to please, as we know not with what heart-rending pangs they may be simu lating an unfelt joy to awaken our pity and secure our help. Second, as painfully indicative of the privations under which one of the most remarkable men of modern times trained his indomitable s pi r it, and nurtured his masculine intellect to that pitch of moral elevation which enabled him to encounter and overcome the opposition of kings, and all the machinations of priestly ingenuity, in establishing the principles of a pure religious faith, and matur ing the forms of Christian worship, founded on a basis of sublime simplicity and truth. The volume contains brief sketches of the boy hood of many c elebrities, among othe rs , of Mi c h ae l Angelo, Moliere, Wellington, Peel, Byron, Burns, Bonaparte, and many more, of whom want of space prevents us from making further mention; still there is one instance which we cannot resist ex tracting. It relates to the wayward Byron. Many instances which tell against the noble bard, as a fantastically passionate boy, have been narrated, and in the present memoir such anecdotes are un fortunately plentiful enough; the one now alluded to, however, is of a different complexion. It relates to his Harrow school adventures, at which semi nary he was a fellow-pupil of the late Sir R. Peel : A3IIABLE GENEROSITY OF BYROW, There is an anecdote connecting the same names, and not related by his lordship, though highly honourable to him. It must have occurred soon after his arrival at Harrow, at which time he was in his fourteenth year. A brutal fellow, whose name is not given, claimed the privilege of fagging little Peel, who resisted, but was beaten into submission, and, that he might not be tempted to rebel again, his tyrant inflicted a kind of bastinado upon the inner fleshy part of his victim's arm, twisting the limb as he did so in such a way as to cause the greatest amount of pain possible. Byron stood by, but feeling it would be useless to attempt fighting the burly brute, asked, with tears in his eyes, and a blush of rage upon 'his cheeks, how many stripes Peel's tormentor intended to inflict. " Why, you little rascal, what is that to you ?" was the reply. "Because," said Byron, "if you please, I will take half." From the two instances quoted, it will be seen that the volume referred to, which is a very hand some one, possesses a fund of richly interesting matter, and is one which, while it will afford a sub ject of gratifying reflection to the mature, is pecu liarly fitted to stir the attention and awaken the sympathies of youth. The Annals of Roger de Hoveden. Translated from the Latin, with Notes and Illustrations. By H. T. Riley, Esq., B.A. Vol. u. London : H. G. Bohn. The second volume of these annals embraces a period extending from the year 1181 to the year 1201, and are chiefly devoted to a narrative of events connected immediately with the history of England ; or in the description of occurrences in which the English monarch and people were deeply engaged, including the memorable enter prises, adventures, misfortunes, and gallantry of the redoubtable Richard Cceur de Lion. Among these will be found minute particulars relative to his captivity in Austria, and the usurpation of his brother John : together with correspondence be tween the Sovereigns and the leading ecclesiastics of the day relative to the affairs of England, and to the adventures and dangers of its brave and chivalric King. In relation to these matters the details are at once minute and graphic, displaying with much circumstantiality the then relative con ditions of Sovereign and people. In addition to what may, indeed must, be called the public events of those times, our author likewise gives, as it were, incidental glances at the less obtrusive mat ters of the period, embracing among these a suc cinct account of the proceedings of men remark able for their learning, piety, or influence. Among others of these notables, Secundus, a silent philo sopher, who flourished in the time of Adrian, cer tainly not very nearly connected in point of time with the annals of the period of which we have just been speaking, is made a good deal of. This notable, who is represented as having, through a very singular cause, resolved, at an early period of his life, to refrain from speaking—a resolution which he maintained with the most inflexible fortitude. His life, having been ordered by Adrian to be for feited unless he should speak, he remained obdu rately silent, when the Emperor, moved by the firmness of his resolution, relaxed the impending sentence, and commenced with the voluntary mute a colloquy in writing, of which the following are the chief particulars : THE PHILOSOPHY OF SECIINDITS, ADRIAN : " What is the world ?"—SEcuNDus : " The world is a circle without end, a sightly commodity, a form made of many forms, an eternal course, a revolution with out error." "What is the ocean ?" "The embracer of the world, the encircling limit, the dwelling-place of the rivers, the fountain of the showers." " What is God ?" "An immortal mind, an unimagina ble loftiness, a form of many forms, a research that defies investigation, an eye that sleeps not, all-embracing, light, good." " What is the sun ?" " The eye of the heavens, a circle of heat, light without setting, the ornament of the day, the distributor of the hours. _ _ " What is the moon ?" The ornament of the heavens, the rival of the sun, the enemy of evil-doers, the solace of wayfarers, the guide of mariners, the signal for solemni ties, the bestower of dew, the presager of tempests." " What is the earth ?" The foundation of the heavens," the centre of the universe, the guardian and the mother of fruits, the cover of hell, the mother of those who are born, the devourer of all, the store-house of life." " What is man P" " A mind incarnate, an apparition for a season, a looker-on of life, a slave of death, a traveller on his road, a guest on the spot, a struggling spirit, an abode for a short season." " What is beauty ?" " A fading flower, a carnal felicity, an object of desire to mankind." " What is a friend P" " A desirable name, a man sel dom seen, a refuge in distress, an endless blessing." " What are riches ?" " A weight of gold, a servant of cares, an unpleasing delight, an insatiate envy, an ever , - , craving desire, an exalted face, a hatefu l o b j ect of desire. "What is poverty ?" "An odious blessing, the mother of health, freedom from cares, the refresher of the wise, business without loss, possession without claim thereon, happiness without anxiety." " What is old age." " A wished-for evil, the death of the still living, a safe weakness, a living death." " What is sleep ?" " The image of death, a rest from labour, the wish of the sick, the desire of the wretched." " What is life?" "The delight of the happy, the sorrow of the wretched, a waiting for death." " What is death ?" "An eternal sleep, the fear of the rich, the desire of the' poor, an inevitable event, the robber of man, the flight of life, the dissolution of all things." " What is a word." " The betrayer of the mind." " What is the body ?" " The resting-place of the spirit." " What is the beard ?" " A distinction of sex." " What is the brain ?" " The guardian of the memory." " What is the forehead ?" " The image of the mind." " What are the eyes ?" " The guides of the body, the vessels of light, the discoverers of the mind." " What is the heart ?" " The receptacle of life." " What is the liver ?" " The retainer of heat." " What is the gall ?" " The producer of anger." " What is the spleen ?" " The storehouse for laughter and mirth." " What is the stomach ?" " The cook of the food." " What are the bones ?" " The strength of the body." " What are the feet ?" "A moving foundation." " What is wind ?" " A disturbance of the air, a move ment of the waters, a dryness of the earth." " What are rivers ?" "A never-failing course, the re freshers of the sun, the waterers of the earth." " What is friendship ?" " A wonderful certainty of a thing unknown." " What is it that will allow no man, though weary, to desist ?" " Gain." In the above extract, we have a curious jumble of matters of belief, not a few of which are cur rently understood to have had an origin by , no means so ancient as the Emperor Adrian's reign, and some which modern speculatists believe to have been propounded, for the first time, long after the bones of good Roger de Hoveden had been gathered to their rest. ECONOMY OP WIvES.—A young married woman who has not had the opportunity of profiting by the advice and example of a good mother, will find some difficulty at first in spending her money to the best advantage ; for there is really an art in spending money, although it be in getting rid of it. Some women will keep house respectably and plentifully on one-third less money than will be required by others, yet without either meanness or ffliberal deal ing. But to do this, judgment, forethought, and expe rience are necessary. One woman shall be able to tell you how much her housekeeping costs to a shilling, while another cannot guess within ten. The former has me thod, rule, regularity, and a certain sum assigned to her ; with the latter it is all haphazard—it comes and it goes, and else neither knows how, or cares. And this is almost sure to be the ease if the money be doled out by her hus band, lusteati of being given in one sum to the extent of his mem% THE LTVERPOOI VARIETIES et. CHOICE.—There is only one thing ing people, and that is TIIERE is a cedar tree groiing in the mountains of Calaveras county, California, which, if each zone may be reckoned as the growth of one year, is about 2,520 years old. A PRETTY WOMAN, says some poetical individual, is like a great truth or a great happiness, and has no more right to bundle herself up under a green veil, or any other abomination, than the sun has to put on green spectacles: FOR BRONCHITIS it is said the following is an infallible remedy:—Take honey in the comb, squeeze it out, and dilute it with a little water, and wet the lips and mouth occasionally with it. OF THE FRENCH LADIES it is said that their fondness for effect runs to such excess' that widows who have lost their husbands practise attitudes of despair before a look- DIFFERENT VIEWS OF THE SAME THINGS.—" Jim," ed that you left MI account of your belief, , replied Jim, flatt ,st man to another said o the Eas " How's tom n itinerant martyr.' red by the remark " Why, a police officer told me that you believed every. thing you saw belonged to you, and as the public didn't, you left." FLOWERS —Happy is the man that loves flowers ! Happy even if it be adulterated with vanity and strife. For human passions nestle in flowers, too. Some have their zeal chiefly in horticultural competitions, or in the ambitions of floral shows ; others love them as curiosities, and search for novelties, for " sports," and monstrosities. We have been led through costly collections by men whose chief pleasure seemed to be in the effect which their treasures produced on others, not on themselves. But there is choice in vanities and ostentations. A contest of roses is better than of horses. We had rather take a premium for the best tulip, dahlia, or ranunculus than for the best shot. Of all fools a floral fool deserves the eminence.—Henry Ward Beecher. A SINGULAR PACT.---The Emperor Charles V. called a diet at Spires, in 1529, to request aid from the German princes against the Turks, and to devise means for allay ing the religious disputes which then raged, owing to Luther's opposition to Popery. Against a decree of this diet to support the doctrines of the Church of Rome, six Lutheran princes, with the deputies of 13 imperial towns, formally and solemnly protested, in the month of April. They signed a protest against a law that refused tolera tion to Protestants. And in the month of April, 1829, a Protestant Parliament, exactly 300 years after, passed the Roman Catholic Relief Bill, to qualify Papists to make laws for a Protestant nation ! DR. BUSBY AND HIS PUPILS.—No school in England has, on the whole, produced so large a number of inns __ trious men as Westniinster. At no period of its history was it so prolific of these as in the clays of Dr. Busby. Already beginning to feel conscious of his powers, Dryden was there. For his preceptor he does not seem to have entertained any great affection, but he respected him till the day of his death; and when, at the height of his fame, he had occasion to correspond with his old master, he writes as if with the fear of the rod before his eyes. On a lower form sat Robert South, the future divine, whose moral character bore as striking a resemblance to that of his schoolmaster as his intellectual did to that of his illustrious schoolfellow. For, if in boldness and energy he was the Busby, it is not the less true that, in power and pungency of sarcasm, as well as in overwhelm ing force and vehemence of impassioned declamation, he was the Dryden of English divinity. Busby and South were equally loyal, and it would be difficult to say which of the two was the more daring. While still a child, South gave a notable example of combined loyalty and boldness. Being appointed to read the Latin prayers for the morning, he prayed for the king by name, " but an hour or two, at most, before his sacred head was struck off." To the school and its head master, South ever entertained sentiments of the warmest attachment; and in after years, when he found his end approaching, he gave directions that his body should be laid as near as posssible to the ashes of his old preceptor. On a neigh bouring bench sat a boy of an anxious and inquiring look, who afterwards became, in some respects, the most remarkable pupil of the school—John Locke, the phi. losopher. Neither are poets wanting to keep company with " glorious John." Prior, Edmund Smith, Rowe, and Elkanah Settle, all claim Westminster for their alma mater, and Busby for their plagosus Orbilius. The number of bishops and other high dignitaries of church and state who enjoyed the privilege of his instructions and of his rod, is countless. Of these the most dis tinguished, perhaps, is Francis Atterbury. To educate such men as these, and qualify them for the various parts they had to play in the world's theatre, was the end that Busby proposed to himself. How far he gained that end those who run may read. Littera scripta manet. His name is recorded on the roll-book of fame as that of the greatest schoolmaster, with the single splendid exception of Dr. Arnold, that England has yet produced.—Scottish Educational Journal. ROMAN EMPIRE UNDER JUSTINIAN.—The reign of Justinian, to a cursory reader, appears to be a revival of the golden age, when all was contentment, prosperity and happiness. A closer investigation shows the picture in another light, and with very opposite features. The nations under his control were oppressed by incessant taxes, monopolies, and other grinding expedients of wasteful or avaricious tyranny. They submitted sullenly to an iron despotism they were unable to throw off, and were forced to express public exultation for triumphs from which they derived no advantage. In every department of the state there was corruption, dishonesty, peculation, embezzlement and plunder—the rich trampling on the poor, the wealth of one accumulated by the ruin of a thousand. Neither was the wrath of heaven without palpable demonstration. Famine and pestilence weighed heavily on the land, decimated the population, and pro duced a decrease of the human species, which has never been replaced, in some of the fairest countries of the globe. During the late destroying sweep of the Asiatic cholera, we were struck with terror, when two or three hundred deaths were recorded daily for two or three weeks, in some of the most thickly inhabited cities of western Europe. When the plague burst forth in the fifteenth year of the reign of Justinian, for three months, five, and at length ten thousand persons died each day at Con stantinople ; while many cities of the East were left at the mercy of the beasts of prey; and in several of the richest districts of Italy, the harvest and the vintage withered on the ground for want of hands to gather them in. And how were the mass of those occupied who escaped the deadly visitation, which languished and revived periodically for more than half a century ? In humility, in prayer, in penitence ?—in supplication to the offended Deity ?—in systematic temperance and strenuous efforts to discover a resisting antidote ? No; they laughed, and revelled, and drank, and gambled, and intrigued, and blasphemed, as usual. War succeeded war; sedition followed sedition; and all the evil passions of man's nature appeared to gain strength from the surrounding terrors which should have checked or extinguished them. In those ages there were neither sanatory restrictions nor quarantine laws, and the cleanliness of modern habits was unpractised even among the highest classes. The mortality arising from pestilence, alone, in the Roman dominions, during a single reign of thirty-eight years, has been computed vaguely and some what poetically, by a credible writer, as amounting to several myriads of myriads—in reasonable interpretation, one hundred millions.—Dublin University Magazine. SLAVERY is no doubt the greatest evil that afflicts human nature, whether we consider the slave torn from his family in his native country, and thrown into the hold of a slave-ship, or as making part of a flock of black men, parked on the soil of the West Indies ; but for individuals there a r e de gre e s of suffering and privation. How great is the difference in the condition of the slave who serves in the house of a rich family at the Havannah or at Kingston, or one who works for himself, giving his master but a daily retribution, and that of the slave attached to a sugar estate ! The threats employed to correct an obstinate negro, mark this scale of human pri vations. The coachman is menaced with the coffee plan tation ; and the slave working on the latter is menaced with the sugar house. The negro, who with his wife in habits a separate hut, whose heart is warmed by those feelings of affection which for the most part characterize the African race, finds that after his labour some care is taken of him amidst his indigent family, is in a position not to be compared with that of the insulated slave lost in the mass. This diversity of condition escapes the notice of those who have not had the spectacle of the West Indies before their eyes. Owing to the progressive amelioration of the state even of the captive caste in the island of Cuba, the luxury of the masters, and the possibility of gain by their work, have drawn more than eighty thousand slaves to the town ; and the manumission of them, favoured by the wisdom of the laws, is become so active as to have produced, at the present period, more than 130,000 free men of colour. By considering the individual position of each class, by recompensing, by the decreasing scale of privations, intelligence, love of labour, and the domestic virtues, the colonial a t dministration will find the best means of improving the condition of the blacks. Philan thropy does not consist in giving " a little more salt-fish, and some fewer lashes :" the real amelioration of the captive caste ought to extend over the whole moral and physical position of man. The impulse may be given by those European governments which have a right compre hension of human dignity, and who know that whatever is unjust bears with it a germ of destruction; but this impulse, it is melancholy to add, will be powerless, if the union of the planters, if the colonial assemblies or legisla tures, fail to adopt the same views, and to act by a well concerted plan, having for its ultimate aim the cessation of slavery in the West Indies. Till then it will be in vain to register the strokes of the whip, to diminish the num ber that may be given at one time, to require the presence of witnesses, and to appoint protectors of slaves ; all these regulations, dictated by the most benevolent intentions, are easily eluded : the isolated position of the plantations renders their execution impossible. They pre-suppose a system of domestic inquisition incompatible with what is understood in the colonie s by th e p h rase " esta bli s h e d rights." . The state of slavery cannot be altogether peace ably' ameliorated, except by the simultaneous action of the free men (white men and coloured), residing in the West Indies ; by colonial assemblies and legislatures ; by the influence of those who, enjoying great moral consideration among their countrymen, and acquainted with the locali ties, know how to vary the means of improvement con formably with the manners, habits, and the position of every island. In preparing the way for the accomplish ment of this task, which ought to embrace a great part of the archipelago of the West Indies, it may be useful to cast a retrospective glance on the events by which the freedom of a considerable part of the human race was obtained in Europe in the middle ages. In order to ameliorate without commotion, new institutions must be made, as it were, to rise out of those which the barbarism of centuries has consecrated. It will one day seem in credible, that until the year 1826, there existed no law in the Great Antilles to prevent the sale of young infants, and their separation from their parents, or to prohibit the degrading custom of marking the negroes with a hot iron, merely to enable these human cattle to be more easily recognized. Enact laws to obviate the possibility of a barbarous outrage; fix, in every sugar estate, the propor tion between the least number of negresses and that of the labouring negroes ; grant liberty to every slave who has served fifteen years, to every negress who has reared four or five children ; set them free on the condition of working a certain number of days for the profit of the plantation ; give the slaves a part of the net produce, to mterest them in the increase of agricultural riches ; fix sum on the budget of the public funds, destined for the ransom of slaves, and the amelioration of their condition — such are the most :argent objects for colonial legislation.-- Alaander Von Hron6oldt. AND GENERI A DAMPEI.—A young man, residin b Bedford, lately volunteered his services to a young lady home from a party. On his way he cudgelled his brain within a mile of for some interesting topic of conversation to amuse her with ; he could hit upon nothing until they met several the _swain added, with much simplicity of cows, wh, " Now isn't it strange what a motherly appear ance a cow has ?" To which the lady replied, "I do not think it strange at all, sir, that a cow should have a motherly appearance to a calf" The beau was silent the rest of the walk. ARCADIA. — What a nice, place it must have been to be ' A perpetual picnic, without wasps or thunder _ ms, and with nothing to pay. A similar landscape, gently undulating —no fierce rocks or yawning chasms. Banks on which wild thyme and violets continually grow. Eternal summer ! Fruits, flowers, and odoriferous herbs. Innocent flocks of more innocent sheeplings ; soft, mild. benignant, undesigning bleaters with dainty coats of whitest wool, hanging in worsted ringlets, unsmirched by the red ochre or cinnabar of mercenary grazier. And then the shepherds with their long hair confined by an azure ribbon ; their abundance of clean linen, and guilelessness of braces ; their silken hose and shoon with purple heels ; their harmless sports consisting In shooting at a stuffed bird on a highly decorated Maypole with a crossbow bedecked with ribbons. And the Shepherdesses, with auburn tresses and wide spreading straw hats, with golden crooks, and wreaths of flowers, and petticoats of gold and silk and satin brocade. And the old women—the Dor cases and Cicelys—dear old dames with silvery hair, scar let cloaks, and ebony crutchsticks ; but who never scolded, oh no, nor had the rheumatism, nor groaned about their precious bones and the badness of the times. There were no Game Laws in Arcadia, no union workhouses, no beer shops, no tally-men, no police.—Household Words A HOUSEKEEPER'S GRIEVANCE.—A " Sufferer,' ing to The Times, says—How can the lords of the crea tion expect their wives to be of a meek and quiet spirit, when their tempers are continually ruffled by the ineffi ciency, carelessness, incivility, and wastefulness of the generality of servants ? At present a young girl goes from a slatternly mother to act as helper or nurse in the house of a small farmer or tradesman, and after a year or two goes to a tradesman or farmer of higher degree. She then hires herself a servant to a gentleman's family, in the capacity she thinks herself most fitted for. Now comes the tug of war—she has not been brought up as house maid, laundress, cook, or anything, but she has a little smattering of all—always in her work, because she has not method, wasteful because she has not been early taught the admirable economy of nature, where not an atom is lost, disrespectful through ignorance, dishonest in prin ciple. This, sir, is the state of our servants in the country. From the experience I have had of the better class of English servants, they are far superior, but wasteful to a frightful degree. Had I the time I could get ten thou sand signatures to this. It is a growing evil; and did the torment affect our husbands it would have been legislated upon and remedied ere this. Let the workhouse be con verted into proper training schools for servants, and let the expense be liquidated by subscriptions from the ladies of each county. Thousands of well-educated women will respond to this appeal and will rejoice if this relief be afforded to them in their declining years, and for the knowledge that their daughters will be more fortunate than themselves. hating Mae. ZEBEDEE Smnues PHILOSOPHY.—Dear me ! how expensive it is to be poor ! Every time Igo out, my best bib and tucker has to go on. If Zebedee was worth a cool million, I might wear a coal-hod on my head, if I chose, with perfect impunity. There was that old nabob's wife at lecture, the other night, in a dress that might have been made for Noah's great grandmother. She can afford it ! Now if it rains knives and forks, I must sport a forty shilling chapeau, a ten-pound dress, and a twenty-guinea shawl. If I go to a concert, I must take the highest priced seat, and ride there and back, just to let " Mrs. Tom, Dick, and Harry" see that I can afford it. Then we must hire the most expensive pew in the broad-aisle of a tip-top church, and give orders to the sexton not to admit any strangers into it who look snobbish. Then my little children, Napoleon Bonaparte and Donna Maria Smith, cannot go to a public school, because, you know, we shouldn't have to pay anything, Then if I go shopping, to buy a pair of needles, I have to get a little chap to bring them home, because it wouldn't answer for me to be seen carrying a parcel through the streets. We have to keep three servants where one might do ; and Zebedee's coats have to be sent to the tailor when they need a button sewed on, for the look of the thing. Then if Igo to the sea-side, I can't take my comfort, as rich people do, in gingham dresses, loose shoes, and cambric sun-bonnets. My senses ! no ! I have to be screwed up by ten o'clock in a Swiss muslin dress, a French cap, and the contents of an entire jeweller's shop showered over my person ; and my Napoleon Bonaparte and Donna Maria can't go off the promenade, because the big rocks and little pebbles cut their toes so badly through their patent kid slippers. Then if Zebedee goes a fishing, he wouldn't dare to put on a linen coat for the price of his reputation. No, indeed ! Why he never goes to the stable without first drawing on his white kids. Then he orders the most ruinous wines at dinner, and fees those white jackets, till his purse is as empty as an egg shell. I declare it is abominably expen sive. I don't believe rich people have the least idea how much it costs poor people to live !—Fanny Fern. " DON'T SPEAR TO Han !"—" Don't speak to her !" There was a bitter sneer upon the little girl's face as she and her companion turned away from the poorer dressed school companion. No, little Miss, don't speak to the poor girl. Your father swindled poor people out of their hard earnings. He was a low-bred vagabond when a young man, and universally despised, but is now one of the " upper ten." At heart he is as base and low as ever he was. But he deals in stocks, and robs by shaving bonds and mortgages. He is a monied man. He is rich. He is your father, Miss, and would not like it were you to place yourself on a level with honourable poor people. Don't speak to her! The girl is plainly clad, and has a humble home and a poor mother: Her father was ruined by one who rolls in wealth, and died a stricken man. His fine house—the early home of the poor girl—was sold at a sacrifice, and purchased by the man who ruined him. Her mother, the once beautiful and accomplished belle and noble woman, takes in washing. Don't speak to her ! Her sweet face is pale and sad, and her dress is coarse and plainly made. Why can't the vulgar thing dress as well as you do, and why can't her sad-hearted mother have a fine house and ride to church in a carriage ? What busi ness have folks to be poor ? How exceedingly vulgar it is to work for a living. Don't speak to her! She ain't fit for your company—she don't dress well enough. No matter if she does hear the cutting words. Poor children have no feeling. It's your privilege to say what you like to say about such kind of folks. There is a tear in her mild blue eye, and a quick flush on her pale cheek ; and, as she passes the group with their hoops, she draws her checkered bonnet tightly around her face and steals away with many a bitter sob. Her young heart is learning its first sorrow. Her woman's heart will need all its bravery. She may triumph in the stern and trying struggle, or she may give way and go down to worse than a grave.—Fanny Fern. RECREATION NECESSARY TO HEALTH.—It is very generally recognised and admitted that deprivation of air and exercise is a great evil ; but it is not so well known that abstinence from occasional recreation or amusement is also an evil of no slight magnitude. It is, however, a primary law of the economy that no organ can maintain its integrity without regular recurrent periods of activity and rest. In the case of the muscular system, if any muscle or set of muscles cease to be used, it wastes and disappears ; but if it be used too much, it becomes strained, and loses its power. It is the same with the nervous system : if the brain be never exercised, its energy is Unpaired ; but, if it be over-exercised, its energy is exhausted. If, when a person takes a very long walk, he return home fatigued, and finds that his muscles are temporarily thrown into a wrong or disordered condition ; and if he continues this process of fatiguing himself every day, after a certain time he becomes thoroughly knocked up, ill, and incapable of 'undergoing even a common amount of exertion. So it is with the brain. If an in dividual keep his attention upon the stretch for an undue number of hours, he experiences, at the expiration of his task, brain fatigue, loss of mental power, and a sensible necessity of rest ; and if this individual persevere, day after day, month after month, year after year, in subject ing his brain, without intermission or repose, to extreme fatigue, it will set up a peculiar state, which is, unhappily, excessively common in these times, and is known by the name of congestion of the brain. The activity of any muscle,l f a person hat raise action organ causesoi his contraction arm a b fl y o v he o o f f action b t l h ° m o t u f o se w t l a h e r d s e d t l produces stherci a determina tion of blood to its interior ; and if a person think, the act of thought causes a flow of blood to the brain ; but if a person think intently, this flow of blood is often very perceptible, for the head becomes hot, and a sensation of throbbing about the temples, or in the head itself, is ex perienced. Now, when a man undergoes too much brain work, a constant and considerable flow of blood to the head occurs, which may become chronic, or permanent, and produce that condition which is called determination of blood to the head—a condition which not unfrequently ends in apoplexy or paralysis. Congestion of the brain is one of the most prevailing diseases that torture humanity. —Journal of Health. THE Two PEELS IN PARLIAMENT.—As Coleridge said of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, that each was the half of a perfect man, so it may be remembered that if the natures of Robert and Frederick Peel were conjoined, we should have a perfect statesman. Separated, each is affiictingly incomplete ; Frederick all reason—some one asked once if he was the head of the family, and was answered, " No, he is only the brains,"—and Robert all passion ; the steam-boiler in one place, and the wheels and cranks in the other, motionless and resultless for want of connexion with the steam. Sir Robert is the greater suc cess of the two in the house ; he is a " character," and has a recognised position, succeeding in some degree to the now silent place of the decaying Sibthorp. He is an " independent member ;" that is, no one knows how he'll vote until they see him in the lobby. He occasionally joins the standard of the Earl of Derby • but he has no particular rule in polities, beyond that of balancing the Peel interest, by always plumping against his brother. He is a Liberal Conservative, and he understands that to mean voting to-day with the Whigs, and to-morrow with the Tories, occasionally digressing in favour of Radicalism. Sir Robert represents the free and easy interests ; that is the style of thought and talk. He's the free-and-easiest orator in parliament ; he stands with one hand in his pocket, and he twirLs a cane in the other—sometimes varying his gesture by twirling his moustache. Sir Robert's position has been obtained in this way ; long resident abroad, he has no party connexions here, and no party training, and has apparently quarrelled with his family, and is thus not 'under the necessity of consulting any one, and accordingly gives full swing to his whims, and manages always when he gets on his legs and cane, to blurt out, without the slightest arriere pensee, exactly what he thinks, which is usually what other people are thinking at the time, but would not venture to say pub licly about prominent public men. When he gets up, it is known something insolent --something that Sir Robert dare say—is to be expected ; and his words are hung upon as if he were a eraek debater and a great man. Then his name and career have made him talked about ; his private affairs extensively discussed, and his disposition and ten dencies relentlessly criticised; and thus he has the advan tage, when he speaks, of speaking to people who know intimately everywhere about him, and are curious to know more ; and so all turn their heads towards him and watch his every syllable, and 'laugh consuxedly. All except Mr. Frederick, who deepens his demureness, holds his head down, and ponders on the principle of primogeuiture.— Weekly paper, STANDARD. LiL COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCE. TO TUE -.--- LIVERPOOL IMPROVEMI THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, Sin,—The apathy of the burgesses on this _ tant subject is somewhat unaccountable. If we that each and every individual of this vast comma.,_ will 1 -..nefited by the circulation of an extr n some into effect million sterling pr,annun 7 i, should it be cirri h to arouse th _ inces, and induc their to go heart and hand into the project, the object -this of ifs& Ilone is enoug a tradesmen and merchant pr energy of thE which is s to m what it might ;e the borough and su to be, if brought into I trust, therefo: wheneN=er it is though meeting, all opposition it conctitior Liverpool, 20th August, 1853 FEES IN COUNTY COURTS TO THE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STA.NDAI ru,—l observe that Lord Brougham has bi before the notice of the House of Lords the subject of the extravagant fees payable in the County Courts, and partti• cularly refers to the large fees payable on " Consents'' given by defendants who are sued in these courts. A few was under'£3 - , for which I had to pay near nine shillings costs ; so that what with the debt—which was little better than a robbery, being a payment to a Scotch draper—and the costs, I was made to piy dearly. I observe that peti tions are in course of signature at several places on tl subject of the costs in County Courts Yours, Mr. Editor A READER IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS.-TUESDAT, AUGUST 1G THE COMMONs Further Relief Bi Lunatics' Care and Treatment Bill, were agreed to Several bills were read a third time and passed, others were read a second time, and several more were passed through committee, including the Smoke Nuisance Abate ment Bill. THURSDAY, AUGUST 18. AMENDMENTS in the Chancery Suitors The Hackney Carriages Duth from the Commons and read a first HIM CONSOLIDATION Or STATUTE LAW.—The LORD CHAN CELLOR laid on the table the report of the commission for the law, and made a statement as to the le by the commissioners in their laborious Bill was brougl consolidatin of the statutes was rather curious. It appeared that from Magna Charta to the present time, 15 and 16 of the Queen, there had been passed 16,442 public statutes, omitting all mention of local and personal acts, and other acts of that class. But of these 16,000 acts, 2,700 had been repealed in words, 2,600 others virtually repealed, while there were 3,900 which the commissioners had not determined upon, and a number of acts relating exclusively to Scotland, to Ireland, and to the colonies—so that there would appear to remain only 2,498, say 2,600 acts, to which the labour of consolidation for general purposes would apply. DOG CARTS.—On the motion that the Commons' reasons for disagreeing with the amendments made by the Lords to the Turnpike Acts Continuance, &c., Bill be con sidered being made, some conversation arose with respect to the dog-cart clause, which had been struck out by the Lords, but which the Commons, on the motion of Mr. Frewen, reinstated, in consequence, as Lord REDESDALE observed, of a peculiar use of the " whip." Ultimately it was moved and agreed to that the Lords should persist in their rejection of the clause. Several bills were advanced a stage, and their Lordships adjourned at twenty minutes past six o'clock. FRIDAY, AUGUST 19. COUNTY COURTS.—Lord BROUGHAM presented peti tions from towns in North Wales, praying for the exten sion of the County Courts Jurisdiction. _ _ LAW 11,Eron3i.'—The Loan CnA.NcELLon moved the first reading of a bill for effecting certain reforms in the practice of the Courts of Common Law at Westminster. His lordship mentioned that the bill had been prepared by the Common Law Commissioners.—Lord BROUGHAM expressed his dissatisfaction at the commissioners not giving the courts power to call witnesses whom they had reason, to think had been purposely withheld. The bill was then read a first time SLAVE TRADE IN CIIDA.—The Earl of CLARENDON in reply to Lord Brougham, said about three weel the consul-general of Cuba had reported that, in conse quence of certain very stringent instructions being sent out by the Spanish government for the suppression of the slave-trade, a very great amendment had taken place in the practices of Cuba. A notorious slave-dealer had been arrested and imprisoned ; and, though it was reported he had since been released, he had received no official infor mation of the fact. LONDON CABMEN.—The Hackney Carriage Duties Bill was read a second time, and the standing orders having been suspended for the purpose, was subsequently read a third time and passed. A number of other bills were read a third time and passed, and the house adjourned soon after six o'clock. SATURDAY, AUG. 20. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat at 2 o'clock. ROYAL ASSENT.—The Royal assent was given by com mission to the following bills :—Consolidated Fund (Ap propriation) ; Evidence Amendment ; Passengers' Act Amendment ; Registrar of Privy Council ; Liberated Africans (Sierra Leone) ; Government of India ; Vaccina tion Extension ; Transportation ; Burgh Harbours (Scot land; Thames Embankment; Duties on Horses Let for Hire ; Assessed Taxes ; Insurance on Lives ; Sheriff's (Scotland) ; Entails (Scotland) ; Chancery Suitors Further Relief ; Lunatic Asylums ; Lunatics Care and Treatment ; Public Libraries (Ireland and Scotland) ' • Universities (Scotland) 3 Employment of Children in Factories ; Courts of Common Law (Ireland) ; Dublin Carriages ; Belfast Municipal Boundaries ; Charitable Trusts ; Copies of Specifications Repeal ; Land Tax Commissioners' Names ; Defacing of Coin ; Linen, &c., Manufactures (Ireland) ; Stock in Trade Exemption ; Customs Tariff Act; General Board of Health (No. 3); Militia Ballots Suspension and Militia Law. Amendment ; Burial beyond the Metropolis ; Pilotage ; Merchant Shipping; Drainage of Lands (Ireland) Act Amendment; Public Works Act Amendment (Ireland) ; Smoke Nuisance Abatement (Metropolis) ; Hackney Carriage Duties (No. 3) ; Militia Pay ; Land Tax Redemption Act Amendment; South Sea and other Annuities, Provision for Payment, &c.; Apprehen sion of Offenders Act Amendment ; Betting-houses ; Com mons Enclosure (No. 3) • Female Convicts ; Loan Societies ; Marriages, Holy Trinity Church, Hulme, Validity ; Friendly Societies, Copyhold, &c., Commission Continu ance ; Metropolitan Sewers Acts Continuance ; Customs Consolidation • Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction ; Turnpike Acts Continuance, ke., and several other bills, among which were Liverpool, Crosby, and Southport Railway ; London and North-Western Railway (Crewe to Shrewsbury) ; Warrington and Altrincham Junction Railway (Carring ton, &c.) ; gto Rochdale Improvement (No. 2) Bill. The LOrds Commissioners were the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Marquis of Bre,adalbane, the Duke of Newcastle, and the Duke of Argyll. THE PROROGATION, The LORD CHANCELLOR then read the following speech : _ _ `. 4 Mr LORDS AND GENTLEMEN, " We are commanded by her Majesty to release you from your attendance in Parliament, and at the same time to express her Majesty's cordial approbation of the zeal and assiduity with which, during a protracted and laborious session, you have applied yourselves to the con sideration of many subjects of great importance to the public welfare. " Her Majesty has seen with much 'satisfaction that, by the remission and reduction of taxes which tended to cramp the operations of trade and industry, you have given fresh extension to a system of beneficent legislation, and have largely increased the means of obtaining the necessaries of life. " The provision which you have made for meeting the demands of the public service, not only in the present but also in future years, is of a nature to give permanent sta bility to our finances, and thereby to aid in consolidating the strength and resources of the empire. " The buoyant state of the revenue, and the steady pro gress of our foreign trade, are proofs of the wisdom of the commercial policy now firmly established ; while the prosperity which pervades the great trading and producing classes, happily without even a partial exception, affords continued and increasing evidence of the enlarged com forts of the people. " The measure which you have passed for the future government of India has been readily sanctioned by her Majesty, in the persuasion that it will prove to have been wisely framed, and that it is well calculated. to promote the improvement and welfare of her Majesty's Eastern dominions. "Her Majesty regards with peculiar satisfaction the provision you have made for the better administration of charitable trusts. The obstacles which existed to the just and beneficial use of property set apart for the purposes of charity and of education, have been a serious public evil, to which her Majesty is persuaded that in your wisdom you have now applied an efficient remedy. " GENTLEMEN OF TILE HOUSE OF COMMONS, "We are commanded by her Majesty to thank you for the supplies which you have granted for the service of the present year, and for the provision which you have made for the defence of the country, both by sea and land.' Her Majesty will apply them with a due regard to economy, and consistently with that spirit which has at all times made our national security the chief object of her care. "MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN, - " Her Majesty commands us to inform you that she continues to receive from her allies the assurance of their unabated desire to cultivate the most friendly relations with this country. "It is with deep interest and concern that her Majesty has viewed the serious misunderstanding which has re cently arisen between Russia and the Ottoman Porte, " The Emperor of the French has united with her Ma jesty in earnest endeavours to reconcile differences, the continuance of which might involve Europe in war. "Acting in concert with her allies, and relying on the exertions of the Conference now assembled at Vienna, her MAjesty has good reason to hope that an honourable ar rangement will speedily be accomplished. ".Her Majesty rejoices in being able to announce to you the termination of the war on the frontiers of the settle ment of the Cape of Good Hope, and she trusts that the establishment of representative government in that colony may lead to the development of its resources, and enable it to make efficient provision for its future defence. "We are also commanded to congratulate you, that by the united exertions of the naval and military forces of her Majesty, and of the East India Company, the war in Bur mah has been brought to an honourable and successful issue. The objects of the war having been fully attained, and due submission made by the Burmese Government, peace has been proclaimed. "Her Majesty contemplates with grateful satisfaction and thankfulness to Almighty God, the tranquillity which prevails throughout her dominions ; together with that peaceable industry and obedience to the laws, which en sure the welfare of all classes of her subjects. It is the first desire of her Majesty to promote the advance of every social improvement, and, with the aid of your wisdom, still further to extend the prosperity and happiness of her people." The clerk at the table then read the commission pro• with the I deal of Tr_ Sad MONS Ir. I. B httn} SALT MONOPOLY IN INDIA Ickington, for his absence THE Cobra( —ln answer' to Tiely, Mr. WILSON said stated t6t colonies w( add tl The contract governir I then requir :IA Ireland was p: ularly defect: Mild now be a Saturday Las. RUSSIA ND TURKEY On m Friday, Lord J. Russii raised explanation res pec Lions on - the subject a the dill and Turkey. He should not icked, that house nent ti nd that it had been ers on t table while t pending, nor until they were br then proceeded to give an outl they had occ-arred. When the pi ttention had be( he wrot( upon office his of the Holy. Places, an ambassador at Paris ; but at a informed by the Russian minis Emperor of Russia was satisfied N matter, and he f ) him upon the would happen to disturb the relations b Turkey. Lord John then adverted to th Mensehikoff at Constantinople, in Mai cident between him and Fuad Effendi, th gn Affairs ; to the request of for Fore the British fleet should pr bourhood of ConstantinOpl that request_ On .the it enter& I Cowley, c xl he had bE eea from Milt ) his A. It Minister -Pnea +llnl the neigh idrawal 0 rlattl capital, in April, he was informed by the Turkish nil nister that certain demands had been made by the Russian ambassador, a compliance with which Sultan's government considered, would with its independence ; at the sam minister had sent in reply not a situp note calculated to put an end to th Menschikoff, instead of treating this further negotiations e compatible the Turkish step which he (Lord John) c gative, but Prim ( isidered wa ate as a basis for s to be It appeared to him that the withdrawal mission, aided by the preparations stantinople, zrett le Russia' strong naval and military force having been advanced tc the frontiers of Turkey—was a most unfortunate step calculated to create great alarm. Her Mies ity's govern ment had, in consequence, thought it necessary to give directions that the British fleet should proceed from Malta to the neighbourhood of the Dardanelles, and a French fleet took the same course, the two governments of Eng land and France having acted entirely in concert, in order to obtain a solution of this question compatible with the independence and integrity of the Porte, and not dero gatory to Russia. The next step was that the Emperor of Russia directed his army to occupy the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, issuing a declaration, that this was not to be considered an invasion of the Principalities or an act of war, but only as a guarantee of peace, and a pressure upon the Turkish government to obtain those securities to which Russia was entitled. It was considered by both England and France that, looking at the interests at stake, it was desirable that the Turkish government should forego its right to regard the act as a casus belli, and that it should not decline to enter into further negoti ations, of which the ambassadors of the two powers endeavoured to gather up the threads. When the Rus sian government had occupied the Principalities Austria changed her views upon this subject, and with reference to the treaty of 1841 deemed it necessary that there should be a conference of the powers ; and the Austrian minister for foreign affairs having adopted a .proposition of the French government as the groundwork of a proposal to Russia, the, note containing it was finally arranged and settled to the satisfaction of the four powers on the 31st of July. To this note the Emperor of Russia had given his adhesion. Supposing the matter of this note to be fully arranged, there would still remain the evacuation of the Principalities ; and it was quite evident that no settle ment could be satisfactory that did not include their im mediate evacuation, which, according to the declaration of Prince Gortschakoff, was to follow the satisfaction obtained from Turkey. He must ask the permission of the house to say nothing more upon this head, and request that the mode of obtaining the end in view might be left in the hands of the executive government. He thought there was now a fair prospect that, without involving Europe in hostilities, the independence and integrity of Turkey— .which he had always said was a main object of her Majesty's government—would be secured.—Mr. LAY ARD said that had Russia been told that if she entered the Turkish territories it would have been con sidered a casus belli, she would not have dared to cross the Pruth. Russia had now gained what she wanted ; she had shown that she could enter Moldavia and Walla chia whenever she pleased with impunity, whereas those Principalities ought to be made, with Bessarabia, a barrier between her and Turkey. He believed that, without having fired a single shot, Russia had gained advantages which would have repaid a fierce campaign, while we had lowered ourselves in the eyes of all nations.—Sir JonN PA.EINGTON said he could not help deeply regretting that it was not in the power of the noble lord to make a more satisfactory statement, and, although he rejoiced that the Government had determined to regard the evacuation of the Principalities as a sine qud non, he lamented that that should still remain an unsettled point.—After some further discussion, Mr. COBDEN ridiculed the notion of going to war for tariffs, the futility of which policy ex perience had proved, and he contended that the import ance of the trade with Turkey had been overrated. He maintained that all our commerce in the Black Sea was owing to Russian encroachments there. What could a country like Turkey, without roads, contribute to the commerce of the world ? The balance of power might be all very well, but he protested against its being argued that we were bound, in the interest of England, to main tain Turkey.—Lord PALMERSTON said that Mr. Cobden had taken up a miserable position, and could not conceal his real opinions, however he might keep them in a cloud. The real meaning of his speech was, that Turkey was not worth defending. If Mr. Cobden had stood forth as the avowed advocate of Russia, he could not have done his work better. Wars were not waged for tariffs. They were waged for higher purposes—purposes involving the cause of liberty and independence, and for maintaining what Mr. Cobden might sneer at, but did not understand, the balance of power. Mr. Cobden was incorrect, even as regarded the commercial view of the question. The policy of Russia was restrictive, while that of Turkey was most liberal. Lord Palmerston also denied that Turkey had remained stationary, or was going back ; maintaining emphatically that within the last thirty years she had made more advance than any other country. THE LONDON CABMEN.--:-The Hackney Carriages Du ties Bill having been thrown out by the Lords on account of some informality, a new bill was brought in b Mr. WiLsox went through the preliminary stages, and was read a third time and passed. _ _ The Lords amendments to several bills were agreed to, and the house adjourned at half-past seven o'clock till Friday. FRIDAY, AUGUST IR The house met at three 'o'clock. The Hon. Mr. Littleton took the oaths and his seat for South Staffordshire, in the room of General Anson, resigned. SLIGO ELECTION.—Mr. I. Burr presented a petition from Mr. J. P. Somers, the unsuccessful candidate at the last election for Sligo, complaining that certain of the sureties to the petition which he had presented against the return of Mr. Sadlier had been tampered with, and praying for inquiry. CIIIIB,CH PROPERTY.—The MarqUis of BLANDEORD gave notice that he would introduce early next session a bill for the purpose of making better provision for the management of episcopal and capitular property. ASSAULTS ON WOMEN.—Lord PALMERSTON said he had seen with great regret the numerous cases of assaults upon women, but he hoped when the Aggravated Assaults Bill came into full play, and was better understood by these brutes in human shape, it would have the desired effect in deterring them from the commission of such offences ; but, certainly if it did net, his mind would be very much alter ed as to the punishment which should be awarded. THE CHOLERA.—Mr. WILSON said a communication had just been received by the Treasury for the Board of Health, enclosing a despatch from our consul at Hamburg, which stated that 30 cases of cholera had broken out there, but it did not say whether any of them had proved fatal. BALLAST BOARD (DUBLIN).—Mr. WILSON wished to explain, in reference to a statement which he had formerly made, that the British Ballast Board of Dublin was re sponsible for the state of the harbour Ardglass, and which he had made upon the authority of an Admiralty report, that he had since ascertained that the board in question had nothing to do with the harbour of Ardglass. Gueso.- 11 Lord J. RUSSELL, in reply to - Colonel Blair, said the subject so important as the' recent discovery of guano on the east coast of Africa would receive the serious attention of the government. TERRITORY OF MosQuiro.—ln answer to a question whether the negotiations between this government and the governments of Central America and the United States, with regard to the territory of Mosquito, had terminated, Lord J. Russzu, said he was sorry to answer that they had not. MAYNOOTII COLLEGE.—In answer to a question whether the commission to inquire into Maynooth would be ap pointed in time to report before next session, Lord Jonic RUSSELL thought he could give such an assurance, as all the commissioners had been selected, and there would be no further de/ay in the appointment of the commission. The Lords amendments to several bills were agreed to, and the house adjourned at six o'clock. SATURDAY. The Speaker took the chair at half-past one o'clock. During - the brief interval between the rheeting of the ~~lTl ?ALMERS al, in reply to a Emperor of Russia, havmg onour ar character which every Sc!ve' t ereat country must feel, would take the earlifst 'T the settlement of the difference th aCCOr'' "”ritOry. that tt opportunity, after f to evacuate the te__ _ the Usher of the Black —l, old withdrev 1E C/ITER T a from M ract wit stus Cliff( mutes past two o'cloca, House of Lords. rye Speaker proceeded to the House of Lords, accolli' by about fifty members, and returned at ten ` l -vee, accompanied by about the same number table, he read ty Ition by her - 3lajesY a delivered on th zentleman t Lord Palmerston, who represented the La"' ith the other members present, who the!' CHESHIRE AND WALES. THE TOWN CorNcu, OF CHESTER have ei ipeted_ der of tl —vs Jones mayor of that city for the remain-- unicipal year, in the place of the late Mr. Brown. o f The Carnarvon Herald states that a large numberr a, '-rn the different clubs are e- -eted to muste silia to the regatta on the 25th instant, nee to join her Majesty's fleet at Kingsto" )th, or Holyhead, the 27th. TVOTI, BIRKENIIEAD DOCK TRUSTEES.—The following g `""j men were, on Wednesday, re-elected by the Birke' i th e `)ondhelders, as the trustees for the management of :—Baron Goldsmid, Samuel Holme, Esq'' . rowles, Esq., Andrew Henderson, Esq., Lionel Anies, Esq., and the Rev. Wm. Hawkes. —Aed dock es+n A sermon will be preacui, on Sunday forenoon, in St. John's District Ci llirC am Grange-lane, in aid of the funds of the Birkenhead .'""; 1 - 4tal und DispFnsary. This appeal commends itself _!it ST. Joux's, Bill KEN REAI response CHEETER AND HOLYHEAD RAILWAY. — reek ended Aug. 14, 1853 I—Railway : Passeng eels, &c., £4,757 16s. 7d. ; goods, £l,lBl 6s. 6d. Ste .-7 e boats : £876 9s. 3d. Total, £6,633 12s. 4d. Ille re .%; as compared with the corresponding week last 3e meet with a rraffic for t"' .4. par £2205, 12s. 9d AI. REGATTA ON THE DEE.—There are to I , ' , tle° rs on the banks of the Dee, on to-morrow week, the nnual regatta is to take place. The total value m ime during the day is £22 0 n fifty guineas to be coyte,sn76, Earl of Grosvenor has for, and the is a champion prize of £lOO in s rowed for in four-oar boats, Open to the world. vbilj EXTRAORDINARY ATTACK.—A few days ago, John Roderick, of Llanidloes, was returning home PT g. , Pautygessel, he was attacked by a number of p?le c t : c v which bit him in several places, and one crept up Ills be and bit him severely on the shoulder. With difficw; he his escape, and upon arriving at Pantygeste'o, +he inmates. who set cmt in eha.se of the awn' and killed four. PORT or CHESTER.—In consequence of the s upereniir ll ,, tion of Mr. John White, principal coast officer at 31 051- :,;f Creek, the board of customs, on the recommendation; the surveyor-general, has transferred Mr. Joseph J r° , s ie; principal coast officer at Wepre, to Mostyn. iin'i be the duties of the Wepre station will be discharged by ; is officer at Flint. By this arrangement one appointra P be abolished. We understand that it is not unlikely creek at Conway will be added to the Chester jurisdie W) instead of being in the Beaumaris district, as at present.' Chester Courant. o.ra'f, 13(1 CHESTER Atrlum:x RACES.—A meeting of the t•- stand committee was held a few days since, when 3 11 '0 W. Topham was unanimously appointed a member of tore body. The arrangements for the October meeting ` s ! c ti matured • and on no former occasion were the PrnsP' of the sport so encouraging, or the inducement for eat ! , ing running. horses so inviting. On Tuesday, the October, there will be five events ; and on the folio day there will be six races. The habitues of the 0 ;7 and the ring will observe that large additions have " e l : a s made to the stakes', and that the Chester handicap £lOO added. PROPOSED RAILWAY TO RUTIIIN.—A public ine etiD i l g e of the inhabitants of Ruthin has just been held for to purpose of taking into consideration a proposed railitaY Ruthin; jt .F. R. West, Esq. M.P. occupied the cha ir. appearing that the Mold Railway Company had abandon.t their intention of making a line from Mold to Rut hin, was decided that a committee be formed to conun nilie 4o with the adjacent towns, and obtain their co-opera'pr, towards forming a line from Llangollen rid corl, Ruthin, and Denbigh, to Rhyl. Another public nee determined IN WALES.—Mr. Renick Roberts, the age t o t ,' under date Dolgelly, August 16th, i n f orms us tha t ; i o the 10th instant, they opened in the No. 2 level eaof the bottom of No. 3 sink, depth five fathoms, a before very rich auriferous ore; in fact, such as was s ever 4, asto- seen in the principality. Mr. Roberts was nished at the quantity of gold in the . it will yield a very large per tentage. wa s sent a sample to St. Pierre Foley, Esq., for assaY• ne cl shown to David Pugh, Esq., of Dolgelly, Web,. retur _ from California, who was surprised at its richness."' Mining Journal. , • ad' A HIICT TO MAGTSTBATES. - Mr. Baron in ert quartpze,laeu'd:iiis sere dressing the grand jury at Chester assizes, remarked 1, he feared the smallness in the number of prisoners arOe from an irregularity that he had observed in the count;' and which certainly ought not to be persisted in. )e man ought to be imprisoned one hour beyond what 1 0 , necessary to bring him to trial. Instead of that 1 364 11 the case, he understood there were numerous prison e ' Knutsford gaol who had been committed over the 3551 ; in consequence of which they Would have a fortnight of imprisonment than they needed to have. He 113 t° be • give notice that if the prisoners themselves wisbed tried at the assizes they must be sent for. The jac!g place sent to the county to deliver the gaol, and 't - 0 1° to perform that duty to the Queen and the countl• s tod THE FORESIIORE OF TUE .MEnsE-r.—We uudercii that the deputation appointed by the Town C° lll c l eo rge their last meeting (with the exception of 'gr.. 1 , Holt, who was unavoidably prevented from johnar, other deputies) have returned from London, after / ,..1 the had an interview with Mr. Gore, on the par t - re ill Woods and Forests, relative to the right of fore sbo front of the field which was some time ago leased e 'or Wilson for a shipbuilding yard, but which lease, 13 all sequence of the right of foreshore having been dispute the Government, was obliged to be cancelled at the 1 0 3 ', meeting of the Council. We understand that the 0 0 ‘, 0 1e ment have agreed to a reference, and that the %"„f a c. , question is in a fair train for being speedily and s ati.- torily settled. LLANDUDNO, OR GREAT ORMsnEAD.—Three this beautiful and interesting watering-place was ee ratively little known, but now it has become qu ite the vourite resort. The present season has filled it more ti s , ever it was before known—the amount of accommode though considerably increased since last season, has 1131 ;01 been equal to the demand. The bathing in the ce lebr %o Bay of Llandudno cannot be surpassed, and the walk,'oo the Great and Little Ormsheads and neighbourbono beautiful and varied. The inhabitants of the place be public meeting on Tuesday, in the national school-I°ller to take into consideration the best means of still fur T. promoting the improvement of the town ; the Evans, the incumbent of the parish, presided. Nfifile'ris suggestions were made, and ultimately a committe e . !, 0 , appointed, and the whole suggestions referred to tv and they are to report thereon to a future meetin' • fi n' In DISTRESSING ACCIDENT.—OR Wednesday, at .1 the firmation held at Bebbington Church, owing t° to children from Birkenhead and other churches resortie s it, there was an unusual crowd and crush in the ll' the lanes around that venerable edifice as the procession n; ° ,o bishop and clergy left the ch urc h. A ear , con t rol , several females, made its way through the crow"L e coming suddenly round a sharp declivity, left no o n 5 for a nurse-girl of about fifteen years of age deaf, and had a b a by i n h er arms . Perceiving 'the ri to nency of the danger,. she had the presence of In ' ij o ver throw the child aside, although the car passed °,,ite herself, and is said to have been brutally driven co , unconcernedly. Mr. Lyth, surgeon, was pr oulPtlY gratuitously in attendance both then and afterwardsiier of the good bishop was so much concerned for then o b e ,' 01) the poor girl—who is stated to have met with ft 5 1CC of misfortunes, having a child' dead in the llo,t lse i e ft having lately lost her husband—that his lord ship liberal donation for her immediate wants. HORTICULTURE. STOVE, CONSERVATORY'. 4,--No time shou o ,fi in giving the interior of the h4sres—a thoroug'froaes• a , and effecting •any necessarfrePairsy examine 01e , e „ii nee see that they are in proper order , sary painting and whitewashing the climbers, otherw is e their too luxuriant ,f othe r PI `pr i m p e de the light and interfere With th e growth - waitnhdoucotthdliellaeSt;° tiii)l t nie w l3 plants. F L OWER GARDEN.--Secure a stock of cuttings fr e f ts i e good sorts of pansies, s wee t- w illi ams , mu ll Pin ics gese In if mons, double wallflowe rs , an d antirrhinums. be ce ll are best struck in a reserve be d, w here they protected during the winter months. 1g e919-5 0 6- perennials raised from seed this year are als o best treat in this way. KITCIIEN GARDEN.—SOW the prickly - se - e(411: ' and plant out the early raised endive. Sm v. """ e r etaw' green lettuce for winter use, and plant out a ll the oe t iff e ing plants of cabbage and other winter gr eens. theY of the early crop of potatoes as fast as possible, badly affected. t THE POTATO BLIGnT.—It has been observed that potato disease generally makes its appearance itaw_nts after a night fog, which is quickly indi cated by ,rchere theleaves and an offensive effluvium, followed by the ttiberl aspect of the stalks, and, ultimately , decay of th.. o aa The fog seldom rises more than a few feet from die p ro :, and the exposure of naked legs to its a ction usa r j o f duces blisters and a sensation of scalding. Fae.,7,04i0t kind being clearly established may be the means 014eriair. to a discovery of the proximate cause of this 11 1 3! . . 0 ,,ri5te. disorder, and teach us the application of an aPr d ro p 1 .; remedy. It is well known that the gem-like dew,:ei?tof surcharged with electricity, and that when c e ~,;rose'l with miasmata, it becomes converted into the'_•)__,, so?", destructive to human life on inhaling by M;0 ta' , that it is also peculiarly injurious to cattle. F e same effects are produced on vegetable substati,e, sop; titular periods of growth, by an agency sonaewb:l,,,,,gaae, Should such prove to be the case in the present ,' - r o iaT e it is obvious that fumigation is one of the am os ' in g t.L; g expedients that can be employed for deconn),,rose noxious vapour, and by purifying the air, nf,l',4 baneful influence. For the accomplishment of e ber, , ,l o able purpose with success and economy, ther,e„,,s,Prefero,vo'o cal combinaon with which we are ae(nain teu a in to common t ungpowder iited after molstnre. of carbon, nitre, and sulphur, in a state of comn io sea: o all-powerful, both diffusive and pervading. The experim en • 'st sets tried in the way described, whenever. the n rai fac_4, o and when use in the manner t r y o r ou ld; : i repeated if necessary. Extensive gardens , ..:og fact, repeated jittiC be subjected to the disinfecting process at o f a and the insidious enemy subdued by the exerei' — n icje. • A-k ro ingenuity, attention, old skill.—Limersc ST 23, 1853•