The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-12-01 00:00:00

ALMAN On Tuesday ‘NDA nrrier to suit it to the des ING CA DAR, Bth December, we purpose pre rchascrs of the LIVERPOOL zll, but unique and complete PERPETUAL ALMANAC, n the _smallest possible space (in 21l the IMPORTANT INFORMATION onderons Book and Sheet Almanacs icuous figures, THE MONTH, g, in half the space, the double pur- ILMANAC AND DATE CASE. TAN DARD ALMANAC will be printed in on card board tisers would particularly oblige if they would I their favours as early as possible. TO CORRES S. More, wine-r ONDENTS t week ayable Dec. 15, for " W s it was v lerchant, Liverpool." ceived too late, especially he paper. He will, how of his communication in C,l)r Etbrrpooi taiiiiarb, TUESDAY MORNING, DEC. 1, 1846 Before proceeding, in accordance with our pro mise, to examine what has been remarked upon as the most important consideration, connected with the proposal to divide the magisterial business of the borough—viz. the cost of such an arrangement — we may be excused if we set our readers right upon one point about which, we believe, some misconcep tion prevails. A comparison has been drawn be tween the labours of Mr. Rushton and of the metro- politan stipendiaries, with a view to spew the justice )f the former gentleman's claim to an increased ialarv. But it has never been stated what the latter are paid for their lighter amount of labour. A pa ragraph in the London Times of Thursday states The ma strates of the 13 police courts in the metro £l,ooo a year, and the chief magistrate 22 at £l,OOO a year, and one at ?00, making £23,200 a year paid in the salaries of There are polisare p magistrates The gentleman receiving £1,200 a year is, we believe, Mr. Hall, formerly stipendiary magistrate of this town ; and certainly we never heard that his s at all inferior to that of Mr. Rushton, for £2,000 are demanded. It must be borne in mind too that we have in Liverpool, to assist in the performance of the ordinary magisterial business, a large number of borough magistrates, who, we presume, are quite competent to administer oaths, anti to sign the ordinary documents connected with the administration of justice. At all events we find them ready enough to assert the dignity of their office, and to obey the summons of the stipen ary, whenever that gentleman feels called upon to :ture any unfortunate body—the Watch Commit or the Select Vestry—which has fallen under weight of his displeasure. Surely the borough istrates, as a body, are of some use upon bench, beyond occasionally sitting as silent mbers upon cases which the law requires to be led before two magistrates ; we might not gentlemen from all the arguments Let us proceed, however, —the expense of a division talent w serv►ces such ,„ of our contemporari to the question proposed- of the Magisterial business. The cost of the staff attached to the present police court, and required to conduct the entire ma gisterial business of the town, was last year as Edward Rushton,—salary Benjamin Ellis, do., John Wyl— 'un., do £ s. d. 1300 0 0 800 0 0 400 0 0 185 10 11 150 0 0 109 4 0 43 6 8 5 8 4 140 0 0 John Tasker; ohn Greenwood, do., lenry Walter, do., do., J. C. Parkinson, J. Walter, do., .. W. Parkinson and wife, do., Total - £3133 9 11 We include Mr. Parkinson amongst the staff of the urt, because he appears to us an essential portion it, and one who contributes largely to the justice its decisions ; and yet, we may remark, en pas that if ability and industry, shown in the col i of most valuable statistics of crime within deserve reward, Nlr. Parkinson is an . There arc other parties em court and the main bridewell, and ied to both, the cost of which d of "constabulary and police s of bridewell and police sta- but, as these will be in a great measure ted merely by the establishment of another we have not included them in the above co meet this es e of the nditure, we find, on the credit leceived for f son magisterial £ s. d 2953 8 0 fines on summary convic- less paid to justices, fund, and collectors of ;own and dock rates 4883 3 3 Total receipt - - €7836 11 3 3133 9 11 Deduct exile ses above have a balance 0f.... £4703 1 4 to the borough fund by the present ma erial system and establishment. It would have been a sufficient answer to those, ho tell us that the establishment of a new court ill involve an expense of £5,000 a year, to have sown that th cost of the present court and magis- terial staff amounts to £3,133 9s. I Id. ; for, al though, certainly, additional buildings will be re quired, it cannot be necessary that we shall, in providing them, incur a rental of nearly £2,000 per annum. But we have preferred giving the above, inasmuch as it shows that the cost of administering justice is not a dead loss to the borough fund ; and warrants the inference which we draw, that the cost of a new court will be, to a certain extent, repro ductive expenditure. Let us come then to the question as to the probable actual expense of the court proposed ary buildings, salaries of a nt staff, expenses of new dis- rent of neces jridewell, keeper and matron's salary, and in al charges, we think we are beyond the mark 500 per annum ; and even this l at upon the supposition that we I other services at a much ite than is required. The Journal, we makes the amount £5,600; but the esti e altogether is so exaggerated, that it is scarcely estimating at f nount i orth while remarking upon in detail. We showed, Dwever, last week, that the establishment of a new )urt would greatly increase the magisterial busi ess of the borough, by facilitating access to jus e, and allowing both individuals and the police to charges which are now suffered to escape We shall not be over-estimating if we ,on an increase of one fourth in the isterial business and the fines on sum- for in lry penalties; and, taking last year's amount for our guide, we have from this source an amount, in round numbers, of £2,000. Looking over the sa laries paid for the present establishment, and taking into consideration that we are materially reducing luties of the staff there, it will be seen that a clerk, or two, can be transferred to the new esta blishment. From this source, we may save £4OO per annum in salaries ; and we have this £2,400 to deduct from the gross amount of £3,500, leav- ing £l,lOO as the nett cost to the borough fund of the additional establishment proposed. This, however, is far from being all that can be urged in behalf of such a change of system on the score of its comparative inexpensiveness. During the last few years, we have been increasing largely the extent of our police force, with a view to pro tect properly our growing out , kirts. Last year, we paid for superintendents', inspectors', bridewell. keepers,' and constables' wages, £24,894 lls. 7d., and on the same account for the dock division, £10,674 2s. Bd.,—in all, £35,568 14s. 3d.; in 1840, we paid a total amount of £29,596, shewing an increase in the six years of £6,000. With the new dock works going on, and some of them ap proaching completion, and with the town extending itself in every direction, we shall be called upon to incur again a considerably increased cost of police su pervision—a cost vastly out of proportion with the trifling outlay required for an additional stipendiary magistrate. Yet we have no hesitation in saying, that by pursuing the course which we recommend, and thus rendering the duties of the police force more easy, we can stave off the necessity for any increased cost under this head for three or five years to come. A dozen constables, with a police court and a magistrate close at hand, will do the work of a score of constables who have to go two or three miles with every prisoner, and spend three or four hours in procuring a conviction. The twelve need not on an average be an hour each per day absent from their beats ; of the twenty, under the present system, one half of their time is totally lost to the public. In other words, by the new arrange ment we shall have eleven effective men for the cost of twelve, whilst, by the present, we are getting the effective services of only ten for the cost of twenty. We think we may dismiss the question of the expense of a division of magisterial duties as ut terly unworthy of consideration. Before doing so, however, we may again remind our readers that the borough fund is deriring a nett sum of nearly £5,000 a y< ar from the profits of magisterial busi ness, and from fines on convictions. How can this be better or more properly spent than in procuring for the public speedy justice, repressing crime, and pro tecting property ? Surely we are not to have the magisterial bench made into a source of profit, until we have the objects, which it was meant to achieve, fully and effectually accomplished, and such speedy and cheap justice brought to every man's door. Since our last week's remarks, another proposal has been placed before the public, which is not with out its reasonableness, but, in our humble opinion, is not calculated to meet the emergency in which we find ourselves. It is said,—Appoint another ma gistrate, at a salary of £BOO per annum, to sit either in the Nisi Prius Court or in the Magistrates' Room. By this arrangement, the expense of an additional Bridewell and an additional set of officers will be saved ; and, by a proper division of labour, the whole business may be got through in four hours, instead of occupying five or six. There will be the advantage, also, that the magistrates can confer with each other in cases of difficulty. The great Question with the public, however, will be, — is the temporary saving—for it must be but tempo rary—at all calculated to reconcile us with the loss of the vast advantages which a bolder and more de cided course offers to us ? We are surely not such a very poor community that we must be startled from the pursuit of a great public good by the pros pect of a few hundreds, or even thousands, to be expended in the salaries of half a dozen clerks, a Bridewell, and a few Bridewell keepers. One of the main defects of our present system is the dis tance of the court from the two extremities of the town. Why should an inhabitant of the Dingle be dragged away from his house or his occupation up wards of two miles to the Sessions-house, to answer a charge of setting his chimney on fire, or having his cellar grid unfastened, when he could have the whole matter equally well disposed of, without going a quarter of the distance ? Why are two policemen and hal a dozen witnesses to be brought down from Windsor to the Exchange for every petty offence or squabble occurring, when justice could as effec tually be done, without having to seek for it further than the end of Parliament-street ? The advocates of this plan admit that another magistrate is wanted. We say place him where he is wanted. They say arrange and divide cases so as to reduce the time which people are compelled to lose in attending the court. We say divide the area within which crime is occurring, and save the time spent in travelling to the court by which it is adjudicated upon. The magisterial business of the borough brings in revenue; let us have all the convenience possible, since it is already paid for. We remarked upon the hardships felt by mer chants in the case of dock summonses, in reply to which our contemporary the Journal remarks that such summonses are " disposed of daily within an hour." It may be so occasionally. Often, how ever, it is not so. On Thursday last, we believe, the dock summonses occupied an hour and a half. One great objection, however, is, that parties have to go so far to have them thus disposed of, that in many instances full justice is not done. The time actually spent in court is not the only time lost. A witness may be taken from his business half a mile to give his evidence, who will not so readily be in duced to go a couple of miles. Thebusiness arising from our extending line of docks affords, in fact, one of the strongest arguments in favour of two courts—one at the north and one at the south. Ultimately we shall he driven to divide the borough into four magisterial districts. For the present, however, the public will probably be content with two. The Journal adds, that "two courts would not be any relief to the police," and that " the whole business being done in one office contributes greatly to promote the efficiency of the police force." We must take leave to differ from him upon both points. It would certainly he a relief to a policeman living in the neighbourhood of his beat to be enabled to press any charge when off duty, within a reasonable dis tance of his own home ; and when this is to be done whilst on duty, the public would save their length ened absences from their beats, by which crime is; no doubt, materially increased, by the additional im punity given to offenders. Our contemporary will not deny that the arrangement by which the police force was formed into two divisions, instead of being inspected in one body at the Central Station, has been productive of great goo 1, and great satisfaction to the men themselves. We believe, if the ques tion was left to the decision of the police themselves, there would be, on this point, a great majority in our favour. The efficiency of the force, we con ceive, would be best promoted by any measure which would secure them ample and efficient super intendence, and allow time to the bench to weigh properly their testimony, and to form an acquaint ance with their characters. Under the present sy stem the superintendents and inspectors are too frequently withdrawn, and far too lung, by the ne cessity of attending upon Mr. Rushton. To a court with a more circumscribed jurisdiction they might be readily summoned whenever wanted, and be immediately upon duty again, scarcely ever losing sight of those over whose performance of their duties they have to watch. A district magistrate, with no more duty to perform than he could effi ciently perform, would not have to trust so much to his own impressions, and to hurry through business at the rate witnessed sometimes in the present Cen tral Court. He could afford more time to weigh • the credibility of a policeman's testimony when op posed to the oaths of respectable witnesses; and the result would be, so far as the force is concerned, the weeding out of its unworthy members. The real " efficiency" of a force is not shown by the mere number of convictions or of charges, but by the fact that impartial justice and the repression of crime is the result. It is idle any longer to insist upon the possibility of Mr. Ru , ht - on, 6r any other man,getting through the mass of magisterial bu siness which we shall shortly have. It is admitted on all hands that we must soon make fresh ap pointments, and that, meanwhile, the present amount of business is not satisfactorily performed ; that great irregularity and loss of time are the con sequence of the present system. Even the Liverpool Mercury, in a letter from a correspondent, the sub stance of which we give elsewhere, tacitly admits the fact. If we are to make a new arrangement then, let us .do it at once, and do it effectually. Peddling half measures—mere expedients to stave off the immediate pressure of a difficulty—are al ways the most expensive in the long run, and in the meantime entail upon those who adopt them incon- venience and disappointment. We intended to have said something with respect to the manner in which the business of the court could be best divided, and the police force governed under a new system. We find, however, that we have not left ourselves space, and must, therefore, postpone the subject. Before concluding, however, we may venture to express a hope that we have not been arguing against a foregone conclusion. Ru- mour says that the increase of Mr. Rushton's salary to £2OOO is already determined upon ; and rumour makes very unfavourable comments upon the matter, to which we shall not give increased currency in our columns. We trust the fact is not as represented; but that there is still an opportunity of adopting a better considered and a wiser course. The Council meeting of to-morrow, however, will, perhaps, in form us whether the thing is settled or not. We re peat that our advocacy of division of the magisterial business is prompted by no ill-feeling towards Mr. Rushton. The feeling which prompts us is a very contrary one. Certainly, we may have sometimes told the stipendiary of what we conceived to be his faults ; but we have all along been impressed with a sense of the vast duty imposed upon him, and the impossibility, under such circumstances, of that duty being at all times faultlessly performed. Most AC GRATIS!!! THE LIVERPOOL AtArlbAilb. confidently we believe that he would be the first man to thank us for our efforts, were they success ful, to afford him, along with the position and the income of a gentleman, that amount of leisure which a man of his refined tastes and pursuits can turn to so much advantage and self-satisfaction. Some grand national system of Education is doubtless about to occupy the attention of her Majesty's Whig Government. Be it so. The schoolmasters par excellence are in office ; and we must bear, as patiently as we can, an infliction of pedagogueism. So far as Liverpool is concerned, however, we have the fact to console us that our educational efforts are not eleemosynary, and are therefore not liable to State interference. We have only to go on, and, if possible, extend the sphere of our exertions, and we shall at least be progressing in the right direction. We are not at all regardless of the fact, however, to which a correspondent of the London Times—the Rev. W. G. Osborne—has recently directed the notice of the public, that an attention to the duty of instilling even religious education into the minds of our juvenile population will not he efficacious, in producing a greatly improved moral condition of that population, without an attention also to other most important measures conducive to that end. Mere education does, after all, little or nothing. The adult, and even the convinced, Christian are liable to fall into error—to be overcome with the temptations, by which the most favourably-circum stanced amongst us are surrounded. The poor, however, for whom we devise our systems of educa tion, have influences amongst them and around them, against which no mere teaching can protect them. It is of no avail that we instil into the minds of their children a knowledge of the saving truths of religio whilst we send them home to be submitted to the contamination with which that home is filled. It is of little avail that half of their time is passed in the moral and healthy atmosphere of the well-regu lated school-room, whilst the remainder is spent amidst the squalor and vice which abound in the neighbourhood of the filthy court, or the crowded and noxious cellar. 'We are compelled to confess —all p rties confess, and the records of our daily police court prove—that, thus far, education, upon whatever system conducted, has done little to ad vance our rising population in the social scale. The lessons of the teacher are soon unlearnt. The good sought to be instilled oozes out too readily beneath the pressure of the bad example, which the scholar has continually before his eyes when he has escaped from the surveillance of the teacher. The vicious, the careless, or the necessitous parent, undoes all which we have striven to do, however great the ex pense to which we have gone in our efforts, and however excellent the system upon which those efforts have been based. We dignify one committee of our Corporate body by the title of the " Education Committee." We have, however, more education committees than one, in the true sense of the term. The Health Com mittee is an education committee. The Watch Committee is an education committee. The Im provement Special Committee comes under the same category. The physical must go with the moral. We cannot teach virtue, if we will not allow to our neophytes the opportunity of practising virtue, or remove them from the contamination of vice. What is it to boast of, if, when you have taught a child that he has a soul, and that there is a Redeemer for us all, we send him home to learn the sad lesson, that, practically, so far at least as worldly matters go, that Redeemer has died in vain ; that toil is re warded with miserable lodging and scanty food; that industry lacks its just reward ; that the astute wicked prosper, whilst the deserving pine and suffer ? Can we wonder that our time, our money, our worthy aspirations, have been thrown away ? Our selfishness has been all along counteracting the efforts which we have been making, with such shoe of virtue and disinterested zeal, for the welfare of our fellow human beings. It is of no use, or of very little use, to persist in our education schemes, unless we are prepared to look the whole emergency of our position in the face, and to act, for the carrying out of our views, like rational and intelligent men. We must cease to look at the hoarding of money as the sale object, or the principal object, for which a man lives, or a com munity is formed. We must cease to treat our po pulation as the mere machines by whom our wealth is produced. 'We must get rid of the whole fabric erected by our modern politico-economical philoso phy. It it had—wretchedly bad—unchristian, and inhuman. We must recognise our poor fellow worms in our treatment of them—in our workhouse and prison regulations—as beings of the same value in the eyes of their Maker as ourselves ; dismiss our cold-hearted notions, and admit that it is as vitally necessary that the working man and his children should be able to subsist in comfort—to approach the same Throne of Grace—to breathe the same pure air—to enjoy the same opportnities of health— in a word, to be in all respects upon something like the same footing, so far as external and palpable comforts go, with ourselves. The labourer is worthy of his hire. He ought also to enjoy the comforts which that hire will afford. We are not of the maudlin school of political economists. We have no wish to paint the rich man as habitually oppressing the poor; the former as habitually vicious or un feeling, or the latter as paragons of virtue. We take mankind in its every day garb, stript of the melo dramatic hue in which it is painted by some people. We are compelled, however, to confess that, thus far, we have not done our duty to our weaker brethren. Education, indeed, we have attempted to provide for them. But we have surrounded Educa tion with counteracting influences. We have ma nured ; we have selected our seed ; we have watered and the sun has shone; but we have neither weeded nor pruned, nor provided a garner for the produce of our labour, into which either moth or rust cannot enter at will. An amendment of our past system —some atonement for out past shortcomings—we hope for from the committees we have named. The Health Committee must do its duties fearlessly. Let its members not forget that their avocations are as vitally important in an educational capacity as in the mere removal of causes of physical disease. From the Improvement Committee and the Watch Corn mittee we expect the same proper appreciation of their duties. A large income is derived from the public estate of this town. Let no penny-wise mode of using it be permitted to impede our growth in honour and respectability as a community. Expend it freely; but expend it wisely—not in ornamental decoration of our town, but in measures which will secure to our population the blessings of health and those which attend upon honesty and virtue. We are not expecting any miraculous changes— any sudden conversions—to be wrought by any of these bodies. All that we ask is that their efforts shall be made in the right direction, and that they strive to emancipate themselves from the paralyzing fear, under which they have hitherto been pressed down, on the score of the cost of improvements. We have in this town very many localities which are acknowledged dens of crime; into which de cency never penetrates; and which are unsafe by day as well as by night. Let the sun shine upon some of these localities. Admit the light and the fresh air into them, Remove the filthy hovels and dark courts in which vice skulks to hide from justice : and erect upon their sites respectable streets for a decent population. It is of little use educating the children thus herded together in such abodes of moral and physical pestilence. With all our efforts—with all the vigilance of our police— these wretched places are only rearing tenants for our prisons and our hospitals. Our authorities may take this for an established fact, that there never will be a moral and a well conducted population in abodes and localities shut up from the light of day, and the surveillance of the community around them. Mr. Eyre Evans is well known by his friends to entertain a very high opinion of his own abilities with respect to matters connected with dock ma nagement, combined with no little personal sore ness against the gentleman who at present occupie s the position of Chairman of the Dock Committee. He loses few opportunities, even in private compa nies, we are told, of exhibiting these fee ings. We were quite prepared, therefore, when a meeting and a dinner were announced to take place, in celebra tion of the worthy gentleman's return for St. Paul's Ward, to find him entering into a diatribe upon dock management in general, and giving vent to one of his customary attacks against Mr. Bramley Moore in particular. We were scarcely, however, prepared for so powerful and bitter an effusion as Mr. Evans delivered himself of upon this occasion —an effusion which many people think would have been in much better taste, if delivered in the pre sence of the gentlemen, whoever they may be, against whom the charge which it conveys is di rected, by which an opportunity would have been afforded them of at least asking what was meant. For instance, such a question might very pro perly have been asked with respect to the following passage : " There was an immense Corporate income here, and there was a very large Dock income also. If it were only the expenditure of that income in the town it would have a very considerable corrupting effect, but it was not con fined to that, for they had gone to work with the capital as well as with the income, and an ambitious man, who gets into position in Liverpool, either in the Corporation or Dock Committee, if he wishes to achieve his own ad vancement in obtaining civic honours has only to call his surveyors, get large plans, which he calls improvements, which will enable him to sweep away houses and ware houses, and purchase the lands and other property of a great number of individuals in the town. All these in dividuals, consequently, expect, in a movement of that sort, to get from thirty to forty per cent. above the value of their property, and, of course, the ambitious man en lists on his side a very large number of influential people, who believe unless they support the party of which he is the representative, this great and beneficial enterprise will not be carried into execution. That would account for much of what had been done." Who are the parties, or rather, who is the party, against whom Mr. Evans means to charge the heinous conduct of " going to work with the ca pital as well as with the income," to " achieve his own advancement in obtaining civic honours," and " enlisting on his side numbers of influential people," by giving them 30 to 40 per cent. above the value of their property ? Who is the " ambitious man" pointed at ? If this is anything more than after dinner talk, we ought to know who is the criminal. Mr. Evans talks also of the " Harrington job." Now there are some parties formerly interested in that property in the Council, of which Mr. Evans is a member. Why go behind their backs to throw out imputations, when he has abundant opportu nities of meeting them face to face ? It would be a more manly proceeding to moot the question, as to the existence of any jobbing by those parties, in the Council Chamber, than thus to attack them in after dinner speeches in hole and corner gatherings. Mr. Evans takes upon him to complain of the working so far of the Albert Dock warehouses, and asks triumphantly, "if men like Mr. Man, Mr. Mellor, Mr. Holt, Mr. Higgins, and Mr. Benn, had had the management of this dock up to this hour, was it to be supposed that there would have been only two ships in the dock with all the warehouses ?" What the four latter gentlemen might have accom plished we certainly do not know. We never re cognized in any of them very strikingly superior abilities; and it does not appear that the constitu encies have. Mr. Aikin is a member of the Dock Committee still, and as such responsible for the management of its affairs ; and as we have never heard much complaint from him on the subject of the Albert Dock and its warehouses, we presume matters there are progressing as well as is possible under all circumstances. Besides it is not very in genuous in Mr. Evans to assert that the committee have "all the warehouses" available. He knows that they have only two . of them. Alas, alas ! we fear that such railingis but the fruit of mortified vanity after all. Mr. Evans fears that the world will discover that "great improvements" can go on w ithout him ; that the docks of Liver pool are not shut up, or the Mersey run dry, not withstanding he does not occupy his wonted chair at the Dock Board. The figure of Britannia has never yet fallen from its position on the dome of the Town-hall, although Mr. Evans has never been enabled to occupy the civic chair, and to dispense the hospitalities of the Mayor's table. Let him be good tempered and wait his turn. When that ap proaches, we trust that neither he nor we shall again have the mortification of finding that the required seat in the Council itself has been snatched from him. THE BAKERS AND THE MERCURY. Our contemporary has bestowed his notice upon this unfortunate body of men ; and most unreasonable fellows he shows them to be. Mercury had "an old-fashioned notion" that they were in the habit of using alum in the process of baking. "We pressed this point (he says) on the bakers, when several of them defended its use with certain kinds of flour. Here, then, was adulteration of a positively illegal character, admitted ; though it is but fair to say, not by all of them. We drew up a positive disclaimer, with the desire that it should be signed and published, and we purposely rendered it very stringent and explicit. It pledged the undersigned to the fact that " neither now, nor at any time, have we used, or permit ted to be used, to our knowledge, in the manufacture of bread, any but the following materials—viz, flour, water, salt and yeast, with a small and proper quantity of pota toes occasionally, against which there can he no objec tion ; neither have we adulerated flour with any substance whatever." Rather modest of our contemporary ! "We purposely rendered it very stringent and explicit ;" and when the poor bakers had submitted to his decision, and signed it, we presume that each of them would have been allowed to have the Mercury's sign manual to a cer tificate, to be placed in his shop window, stating that the party in whose favour it was granted was an honest tradesman! Why not extend such bene volent care for the public to other tradesmen, and allow upholsterers to ticket their beds, " Warranted live goose feathers by the Mercury," " Coffee without chicory," or " Genuine cream." We perceive that the Rev. Mr. Falloon, the respected minister of St. John's, is to preach at St. David's Church next Sunday afternoon. _ _ _ It will be seen from our report of the state of trade that the trade of Nottingham is very much injured by the operations in France. So much for free trade. The Fortuna, Captain Taylor, arrived from Valparaiso on Sunday, after a quick passage of 88 days,—brings, besides a valuable cargo otherwise, the large amount of 230,000 dollars on freight. The instances are very rare now where a private merchant vessel brings so much specie. This fine craft belongs to our neighbours, Messrs. Muir and Morton. EXAMINATION OF MASTERS AND MATES.—At a meet ing of the board, held on Saturday, Captain Alex. Ryrie, of the British and North American Royal Mail Steam ship Hibernia, and Mr. William Orr Campbell, chief offi cer of the Cambria, belonging to the same company (the latter being now about to be promoted to the command of one of these fine vessels), were both found so well ac quainted with all the higher branches of their profession, combined with an intimate knowledge of nautical astro nomy, as justly to entitle them to take first-class extra certificates. LIVERPOOL LAW SOCIETY.—The annual dinner of this society is fixed to take place, at the Adelphi Hotel, on Thursday next. The Mayor has accepted an invitation from the members, and in order to be present has given up the usual Town-hall dinner, which should be held on the same day. The society, which consists of the most respectable attorneys of the town, has been established twenty years, and, from the last report, recently published in the Law Times, appears to be in a flourishing condition, as respects its resources, position, and influence. The president for the present year is Mr. John Buck Lloyd. HOPES OF AMENDMENT THROUGH MARRIAGE.— A young woman was yesterday placed before Mr. Rush ton, charged with having been drunk and disorderly on the previous night. She said she had been married yester day, and admitted that she had had a drop too much. The officer said she was not married, " but only a prosti tute." Mr. Parkinson said she had been there in June last but he did not know her to be married. The prisoner protested that she was married on Sunday, at St. Martins in-the-Fields, and that her husband's name was Clarke. She admitted that she had been a prostitute, but was now determined, as regarded her course of life, to" reform it al together." Mr. Parkinson said that Clarke, the man stated by her to be her husband, had but a few days ago come out of the Borough Gaol, and was a notorious thief. The prisoner admitted this also to be true, but earnestly said that he too was going to be good in future. Mr. Rushton said—" Well, it may be so, and I will give you another chance of amendment. Discharge her." PROGRESS OF CHURCH BUILDING IN AND NEAR MANCHESTER. - Mr. Shellard, the architect, of Man chester, is at present engaged in the erection of a church at Everton, Liverpool, for the Horsfall family. This edifice is intended as an obituary church to the memory of the late Mr. Horsfall, an eminent Liverpool merchant, &c., being erected at the expense of the family. The structure will cost about £7OOO, exclusive of the endow ment, and of the expense of the schools to be erected in connection with it. This church, when finished, will probably be the handsomest in Liverpool. Our talented townsman, Mr. Shellard, is at present engaged upon 29 new churches, to be erected, or in course of erection, in the diocese of Chester and the neighbouring dioceses. The Bishop of Chester, we believe, has recently engaged Mr. Shellard to make designs for a new church intended to be built in St. John's new district, Little Bolton, of which the Rev. W. Chamberlain is incumbent. If one architect is engaged on so many churches, it may reason ably be presumed that there is a large amount of church building going on throughout the country.—Manchester Courier. COMMITMENTS AT THE POLICE -COURT, YESTERDAY. —Thomas Young, an old offender, charged with attempt ing, on Sunday night, to pick the pocket of a gentleman named James Young, in Park-lane, was sent for trial. — Jane Mullineux, an elderly woman, for stealing and pledging a quantity of wearing apparel from a Mrs. Lloyd, was also committed for trial.—Michael Lanagan, and a girl named M'Guire, were charged with robbing a man in Great Howard•street, on Saturday night, of his purse containing £1 12s. 6d. The girl picked the com plainant's pocket, and afterwards handad the purse to Lanagan, who, before being caught, was seen to drop it, and the officer picked it up. They ware sent for trial. — Mary A. Woods, for stealing eight rabbits in St. John's Market, (value Bs. 4d.) was committed to gaol for two months.—Peter Warburton was charged with stealing 21s. from James Hughes, a glass manufacturer, from St. Helen's. A knife belonging to the complainant, and also five half-crowns, were found in the prisoner's trowsers at his lodgings, Edge-hill, where he was found in bed. Sent for trial.—Margaret Moran, for picking a gentleman's pocket of a handkerchief, sent for trial. FREE TRADERS' ASSURANCE-BULLYING A PREMIER. The " liberal " portion of the corn' men are waxing importunate for the remission of the four shillings duty upon that article. Having bought up no inconsiderable portion of the food of the country, both home-grown and foreign, under the assurance that Lord John liussell was squeezable in his composition, and that the high prices would afford him an excuse for breaking in upon the recent settlement of the corn question by the opening of the ports, and transferring the amount of the existing duty upon bonded stocks in hand into their own pockets, they are alarmed by the very intelligible hints afforded from all sides of falling prices and subsiding alarm. The extent of the potato rot has evidently been exaggernted ; and recent accounts from both America and the Black Sea assure us of coming large supplies of all descriptions of grain. Hence there is a bustle in the camp; and de putation after deputation is daily presenting itself in Downing-street, to urge the step which these gentlemen find to be so imminently important to themselves. In the proceedings of one of these recent deputations, we find a Mr. Cochrane reminding his lordship of an al leged promise to open the ports under certain circum stances, which that gentleman argued had now arrived. Lord John demurs to Mr. Cochrane's version of the promise in question, and says that his meaning was, that " if he saw an extraordinary necessity, he would at once resort to the use of extraordinary powers to meet that necessity." Mr. Cochrane forthwith inflicis upon his lordship the following piece of impertinent sarcasm. We take it from the Times report : " Mr. COCHRANE said, as it was of the greatest importance that they should be permitted to understand what constituted an extraordinary necessity,' he sincerely hoped his lordship would forgive him if he requested some further elucidation, as the suffering people would feel very anxious in this respect. His lordship evidently viewed the exigencies of the country last year of no ' ordinary' description, or he w, uld not have deemed it proper to give the opinions and advice which he had spoken or written—singularly enough at this period last year, possibly on the very day and hour at which he was now addressing his lordship—in favour of the total abolition of the corn laws. The occasion on which Sir It. Peel thought proper to declare his opinions in favour of the opening the ports could not be consi dered an ordinary' one—nor when he passed the modified corn law this year, although corn was tos. per quarter cheaper than it is now. It is difficult to understand that the present is an ordinary' occa ion, as corn is 4s. dearer per quarter than whe❑ his lordship last year considered it, high price was 'the cause of penury, fever, mortality, and crime among the people.' He (Mr. Cochrane) most earnestly begged of his lordship to con descend to offer for their guidance some slight indication of what he considered an ' extraordinary necessity.' " Poor Lord John ! It is hard to be badgered this way by one's friends. No wonder that the report goes on to state, that his lordship " immediately rose up from his seat, and briefly" (qy. tartly ?) " said, He had no fur ther explanation to offer.' We are glad the Premier has too much of the old blood of the Russells in his veins to submit to be thus outrageously bullied by disappointed speculators. It would be, by the way, a curious object of inquiry to ascertain how many of the members of this and other similar deputations are holders of bonded grain. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, WESTMINSTER, NOVEMBER 28. (Sittings at Nisi Prius before Mr. Justice Cresswell and Common Juries.) POOLEY V. TAYLOR AND WILSON. Mr. Sergeant Byles and Mr. Matthews appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Sergeant Channell for the defendants. The plaintiff in this case is a manufacturer of weighing machines at Liverpool, having an agent in London, Mr. James Butcher, whose office and wharf are in Earl. street, Blackfriars. On the Ist of May last Mr. Butcher received a letter from a person named Radley, stating that he was in want of a weighing machine for the Western Gas-light Company, whose office is at No. 11, Poultry, to whom he referred. Mr. Butcher called there, and saw Mr. Tidd, the secretary, and Mr. Taylor, one f the defendants, and a director of the company. He showed them Radley's letter, upon which Tidd said, " It's all right ; Radley was making some experiments for them, to bring out a new thing in gas." The machine was accordingly supplied to Hadley. Radley's letter, ordering the machine, was ra ther ambiguous, ordering it as for himself, and referring Mr. Butcher to the Gas Light Company. The present action was brought for the value of the machine against the defendants, as two of the directors of the company; and the question was to whom the credit was given —to Radley or to the Company ? the defendants contending that the reference to them was merely as to the character of Radley, and that it was Radley's order, he doing at the same time some work for them. Radley turned out to be unable to pay. Mr. Justice Cresswell left it to the jury to say from the evidence to whom the credit was given, and whether the defendants authorised the credit to be given to them. . After a short absence the jury found a verdict for the plaintiff, fur the value of the machine; damages £23 17s. EDUCATION IN WALES We find the following in the Merthyr Guardian :—lf the statement be unimpeachable—and we must assume it to be so, derived as it is from an official parliamentary document—no one will venture to affirm that the system of which it is the exponent, is calculated to promote either the spiritual or the social interests of the Princi pality. It will be said, perhaps, that the low state of education among the Welsh, precludes natives from tak ing their due proportion of ecclesiastical preferments; but this only suggests the question, why education has been suffered to getinto that low state ? We must now proceed with our review of the Church in North Wales. We had left off that period when we showed that eleven men, Bishop's relatives, received from the diocese of St. Asaph alone £12,292 per annum. Our attention, in the next place, is naturally drawn to the Chapter. This, also, will prove to us the manner in wh , ch it has been customary to encourage and reward the native clergy. Our authority is again the same, the re port made to the House of Lords. Here we find there are fourteen dignities in the Cathedral of St. Asaph. Nine of these are held by Englishmen, and five by Welshmen. The revenues of those held by the English amount in the aggregate to £1,8 , 11 per annum ; and the total amount of fines, at the time of making the returns, during an average of three years, were £772. On the other hand, the revenues enjoyed by the five Welsh amounted to £3l per annum, and the fines during the same period of three years were £2Ol per annum. Thus;— Total income of Englishmen .. £1,841 per annum. 64 Welshmen .. 31 If Total fines of Englishmen .. 772 f f Welshmen .. 201 Total received by Englishmen during three years £2,613 f Welshmen .. 232 Excess received be Englishmen over Welshmen £2,381 A meeting of the clergy of this town, convened by the rectors, was held yesterday at the Blue School, for the purpose of receiving a proposal for the formation of a " Parochial Assistant Association for Liverpool, Birken head, and the neighbourhood," which his been sanctioned by the Lord Bishop of the diocese. MISCONDUCT OF A POLICE-OFFICER.—At the Police court yesterday, officer No. 478 was suspended by Mr. Rushton, for drenching a female prisoner with water, in the Bridewell, after he had taken her there on some trifling charge. The woman was discharged. BIRKENHEAD MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.—We are glad to hear that lectures, in connection with this institu tion, are being delivered in the Craven Rooms, Chester street, every Monday evening. On Monday week, Saml. Wilderspin, Esq., lectured on infant education, to a nu merous and respectable auditory. Mr. Hogg, of the Liverpool Mechanics' Institution, delivered a lecture last evening, on " Chester, Liverpool, and Birkenhead." MEETING OF THE PROTESTANT AND REFORMATION SOCIETY.—It will be seen, from an advertisement in our columns, that the annual meeting of this society is fixed to be held in the Concert Hall, Lord Nelson-street, on Friday next. The Rev. Canon M'Neile will take the chair, and several other influential gentlemen are expected to attend, and to address the meeting. No doubt the meeting will he crowded and enthusiastic, es our Pro testant friends have not such opportunities of having their faith s'rengthened as frequently as they ought to have. VALUABLE PREFERMENT.—The Bishop of Bath and Wells last week collated the Rev. T. Newberry, M.A., of Queen's College, Cambridge, and lately incumbent of the district parish of Shipley-cum Heaton, Yorkshire, to the Rectories of Hinton—St. George and Scavington—St. Michael, with Dinnington annexed, in the County of So merset ; vacant by the death of the Rev. R. A. Cox ; and to which he has been presented by the Most Noble the Earl Pauiett. The rev. gentleman has received a splendid and valuable testimonial from his late parishioners, on his removal from them, expressive of the high estimation in which he has been held, and the grateful appreciation they entertain of his ministerial labours amongst them. STABBING CASE.—We have elsewhere given the parti culars of a charge brought before Mr. Rushton last week against James Hunter of stabbing Charles Winslow, in the street, on Tuesday morning last. The final hearing came on yesterday, before Mr. Rushton. Several wit nesses were examined, but no new facts were elicited. It appeared that the whole of the parties were partly intoxi cated, and that some provocation in words was given, but nothing definite was heard or stated. One of deceased's companions, a seaman, having heard the depositio n ma d e by deceased in the Hospital, said it was not correct. One witness said that he saw the blow struck at the deceased's belly by the prisoner, who was kept sight of and appre hended, but he could not see whether a knife was used by the assailant. The sailors, be said, were . all fighting to gether. The officers who took the prisoner found a clasp knife in his pocket. Mr. Dean, surgeon of the Northern Hospital, said the deceased died there on the following day, from hemorrhage in the intestines, a lar ge bl oo d vessel in the intestines having been opened by the wound. The prisoner said that he was not the man who committed the act, and that he bad heard from a man in the Bride well that deceased was stabbed by a man named Kelly. Mr. Rushton ordered the depo s iti ons t o b e t a k en i n writ ing, and committed the prisoner for trial at the assizes. MURDER OF A HUSBAND BY HIS WIFE.—The disco very of a mysterious case of poisoning in the village of Acton, a short distance from Sudbury, within the last few days, has created the greatest sensation in that part of the county of Suffolk. The circumstances connected with it are of a very complicated character. About a month ago a healthy-looking young man, named John Foster, 24 years of age, was married to Catherine Morley, aged 18, the daughter of a widow residing in the village. For three weeks they lived with the mother apparently on good terms, when, on the afternoon of the 17th instant, he complained of heartburn and sickness, and in less than twenty-four hours expired. The sudden nature of the death having been communicated to the coroner for the county, an inquest was held in the village on Saturday, the 28th instant. The deceased died soon after eating some dumpling made by his wife. The post mortem examination discovered arsenic in the stomach of the husband, who appeared to be a perfectly healthy subject ; and after a good deal of evidence the jury returned a verdict of " wilful murder" against the wife, who was committed to the county gaol for trial at the assizes. Dec. 1, 1846. MR. ELIHU BURRITT'S LECTURE We are quite acquainted with the difficulty which th conductors of such an institution as the mechanics have, in insuring that the matter of the various parties, whom they engage as lecturers, should be sound and fitted for the ear of youth. They are expected to seek out talent wherever it can be made available, bat they cannot tell beforehand all the crotchetty notions, or even false views upon vital subjects, which such talent may entertain. An instance of the impossibility of guarding aga i ns t th e in trusion of such false viewsis before us in a report of a lecture, delivered on Saturday evening, at the Mechanics' Institution, by Mr. Elihu Burritt, an American, with whose name our readers will, doubtless, be acquainted. Mr. Burritt, to use the language of the president of the institution, Dr. Hodgson, in coming to this country, be sides the natural desire to see the land of his fathers, had had two objects in view ;—first, to explain his views as to the dignity of labour—to undeceive the working classes that there was nothing degrading in their position, or any thing which disqualified them from mental exertion : and, secondly, to act as the apostle of peace and brotherhood among all the nations of the earth. Both objects are un doubtedly good. There is nothing degrading in the po sition of a working man, as such merely. He fills the place of a link—a low one, perhaps,—of the chain ordained to connect together mankind. But Mr. Burritt's en thusiasm in the advocacy of a favourite doctrine leads him into something very like positive infidelity—certainly into statements in direct contravention of God's word. He said, according to the report in the Albion, that " there was no foundation for the notion that the neces sity to labour was to be regarded as a punishment of sin— a condition introduced into the destiny of man after his first transgression." He continued, "God had not inflicted labour upon man ; but He had conferred it upon him, as one of the highest prerogatives of his first, his happiest, his holiest estate. The first mes sage he received from his Creator was to be active and in dustrious. He was informed that the whole earth had been fitted up for his residence and empire. He was told to multiply, to people, and to cultivate it, and to enforce his dominion over every living thing." We find quite the reverse of this in Scripture. We find there that God "creatcd man in his own image," and gave him the earth as a possession, with "dominion over the fish of the sea and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth over the face of the earth," but we hear of nothing about being active or industrious until, as the result of sin, the doom was delivered—" in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread till thou return unto the ground, for out of it wast thou taken : for dust thou art and unto dust shalt thou return." Mr. Burritt enunciated other sentiments quite as erro neous as these—a sad proof how dangerous is a reliance upon mere human intellect. . . _.. Man," he says, "was the substance and end of all phy sical motion. He was not made for the material world, but the material world was made for him. " Dustlthou art, and unto dust thou shalt return," was a law that animated every form, whether it were physical or animal combina tion of matter, whether being or thing, and it must be re solved back into its legitimate element. If God had said, " Dust thou art, but into dust thou shalt not return," and, "if he had multiplied and replenished the earth, at this moment the weight of living human flesh would have outweighed the solid globe." What is this but to say that the almighty maker of mankind could not have carried out his purpose with res pect to this world had Adam not fallen and brought death into the world ? for we need not remind our readers that the sentence of " man's return to dust" was pronounced as a part of the curse of sin. We are sorry to have those remarks to make upon the errors of a very clever man, whose position in the literary world is a credit to him, and whose tastes and intentions are no doubt pure and dicta ted by a sincere regard for the welfare of his fellow men ; but an equally sincere regard on our part for the interests of the truth compels us to point them out. Sir George Cockburn, Bart_, _ rienced a severe attack of paralysis The requisition from Bath, to Lord Ashley, has been most numerously and respectably signed. Lord George Bentinck,. on leaving Newby Park, pro ceeded to Knowsley Park, on a visit to Lord Stanley. Lady Elizabeth Whitbread, the last survivor of the children of the first Earl Grey, and sister of the late Earl, died last week. M.P., has lately expe- ... The court will leave Osborne House, on the long in tended visit to Arundel Castle, the seat of the Duke of Norfolk. . _ Leeds, under the presidency of its chief magistrate, will shortly give in publicly its adhesion to the agitation for a reduction of the duty on tea. Norwich and other towns have already done so. - THE RIVER PLATE.—Our Government hasunited with the French Cabinet in approval of Mr. Hood's proposition to terminate the difficulties of the River Plate. We may consequently anticipate a speedy pacification of the affairs of the Argentine and Oriental republics. The Irish correspondent of the London Times says, "Take up what country paper you may, and almost the first paragraph that catches the reader's eye relates to the flourishing state of the gun trade, and the consequent rapid spread of the popular armament.' " RARA Avis.—A fine specimen of the colymlus septen_ trionalis (red-throated diver) was shot a few days ago on a pool near Birmingham. These birds inhabit Europe, Asia, and America, frequenting lakes, and oftentimes the open sea, in quest of prey, which consists of fish, marine insects, and crabs. Length about 30 inches. They breed chiefly in America, and undertake their annual migrations in September. FOREIGN IRON.—Very extensive importations of iron are at present taking place, especially from Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Gefle, the produce of Sweden, one vessel having brought 10,885, another nearly 14,000, and a third the large quantit; of 18,349 bars of the article. Numerous other vessels have arrived from the same places with large cargoes, varying from 5,000 to 10,000 bars. The late manager of the Royal Victoria and Sussex Hotel, Tunbridge Wells, in a letter to the Times, states his suspicion that the paragraph in the Gloucester Journal, announcing the death of the celebrated swindler, Wynd ham, the purport of which we have given elsewhere, was written by himself. He did not decamp from that estab lishment till the 6th of July, and consequently could not have died on the 20th of June as stated. Tbc accounts from Constantinople furnish lamentable details of the ravages of the cholera in Asia Minor, where it was reported to have carried off some 40,000 persons. Letters from Bagdad, of 15th October, state that the ma lady had disappeared in that city. It first made itself manifest about the end of September, and in le g. a fortnight 4,000 persons died out of a population 0fi6,000. The English consul took up his residence at Ctesiphon, where he placed himself and his establishment in quaran tine. Father St. Alphonse, the head of the Latin mission, was carried off, as was Reschid.Effendi, brother of Fuad- Effendi, who was Turkish ambassador in Spain. Letters from Taurin state that the cholera appeared there on the 11th Oct., and in the first 3 days carried off 150 persons. FEENEY'S ORIENTAL DIVAN.--OYSTERS! The country visitor to the metropolis has been, for more years than we can remember, accustomed to take his first oysters and stout at the Cock Tavern, in Fleet-street; and we have occasionally, like other people, trespassed upon his well saw-dusted floor. The lovers of this fine shell fish can now, we find, procure it of splendid quality at the Oriential Divan, in Clayton square, with the ac companiments in the usual excellent style of that elegant establishment. We have had an opportunity of tasting the oysters provided by Mr. Feeney, and can safely vouch for their fine condition and excellent flavour. Better, certainly, cannot be had in London or elsewhere. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. MONDAY, 30th NOVEMBER.—Wind N.N.E., light Aari IVED.—Nelson, Wade, from Quebec—Alarm, Leonard, Miramichi—Cork Packet, Young, Lisbon—Cicero, (late Gra ham,) Savanilla—Margaret, from Laguna—Belus, King, from Zante—Dagger, Frankish, and Diana, Rann, St. Petersburg. SAILED.—FIora, Farren, Terceira—Woodbine, Skeoch, New Orleans—Mary, Cuthbertson, Africa—Marmora, Barnes, Con stantinople—Helene, Anderson, Tonsberg—barnson, Murdoch, Marseilles—Princess Victoria, Walker, Alexandria, E—Mersey, Steele, Oporto. Senator, Wilson, hence for Batavia, got on shore near the Roadstead 31st August, but floated off with trifling Varnage 2d September, and discharged all her cargo in perfect order. Alpha, Merrill, hence and Rio Janeiro at Anjer 16th Sept. Ripley, from Sincapore at Manilla. Sandersons, hence at Java Sea 28th Sept. Chartley Castle, from' London at Java Sea 28th Sept. Superb, from New York to Greenock, is on shore on the Isle of Harris. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, Nov On Suturday a great revival of demand occurred, which has continued throughout to day. The sales reach 10,000 bales, at very extreme prices, some say-id. per lb. on last Friday's. Spe culators are also buying again no packet in, but accounts via Havre rather exciting. LIVERPOOL CATTLE MARKET, Nov. 30 We have had a large supply of all kinds of Stock at our mar ket to-day, and the quality of both Beasts and Sheep generally inferior, which met with dull sale, at a shade of decline in price from our last statemenr, Beef, sd. to Sid. ; Mutton, 6d. to Bid. per lb. LIVERPOOL HAY AND POTATO MARKET. Nov. 30, 1846 s. d. s. d Hay, old 20b 0 7@o 10 'Potatoes, v 901 b New 0 6 0 9 1 Kemps Clover 0 6 0 7 ! Pink Eyes.... Grass Straw, Wheat... o 3 0 4 . Short Tops .. Oat ... Barley Carrots , O 3 0 3#t Cattle ' 2 6 2 I) n 0— 0 oTurnips, v ton 21 0 —25 0 136 0 —4O 0 Manure MARRIED Yesterday, at St. Philip's Church, by the Rev. C. H. Burton, M.A., Mr. FREDERICK G. LYNNE to Mrs. MATILDA ALKER, both of this town. DIED On the 28th ultimo, aged 34years, ARABELLA FRANCES, daughter of Mr. SAMUEL LLOYD, timber merchant, Alfred street. LIVERPOOL : TUESDAY, DEC. 1, 1846 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY MORNING, JOSHUA FLETCHER LACE, of 53, Grove-street, and LEONARD ADDISON, of 14, Great Orford-street. At No. 4, ST. GEORGE'S CRESCENT LIVERPOOL. Orders and Advertisements received by Messrs. Newton and Co , Warwick-square ; Barker and White, Fleet-street; Deacon, Walbr ook ; R eyn ell, Chan eery- lan e ; Charles Barker, Birchin-lane ; Joseph Thomas, 1, Finch-lane, Cornhill; Mun den Hammond, 27, Lombard-street; Mitchell, 8, Red Lion court, Fleet-street; Lewis and Lowe, 3, Castle-court, Cora. hill; at the London Commercial Coflee-house, Mincing-lane; at the Jerusalem Coffee-house, Cornhill ; Chapter Cof fee-house, Paternoster-row; North and South American Coffee.house, Threadneedle-street; Parsons, g, Ave-Maria lane, London ; Johnston and Co., Eden Quay, Dublin ; Wheeler, Exchange-street, and C. H. Lewis, Market-street. Manchester; Haddock, and J. and W. Booth, Bookseller', Warrington; Clarke, Pilot-office, Preston; and Wright sad Dein, Herald-office, Birmingham Yer Du i& I po( fail hol