The Northern Daily Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-10-25 00:00:00

THE period of fifteen days allowed by the PORTE for the evacuation of the Danubian Provinces expired yesterday. It is very probable, then, that the public mind will soon be relieved from further suspense as to the real issue of the Russo-Turldsh embroilment. The rumour which has been circulating re specting the Russian CABINET having forwarded a hOstile despatch to the SULTAN, is entirely void of truth; no such document having emanated from St. Petersburg. Unfortunately, there are a con temptible class of men, who, like the shepherd-boy in the fable, raise the cry of " wolf !" suits their stock -jobbing purposes as often as it Since the commencement of the Eastern dispute many a tale has been told by this means; whilst the tele graphic wires. remained all the time perfectly unconscious of the. "base uses" to which their important purposes had been perverted. It would be quite a "hap-hazard" to pronounce a definite opinion one way or the other as to the upshot of this long-pending dispute. Nothing really is known which would warrant us to speak positively on the subjects; and the CABINETS of EUROPE are managing their negotiations in such a ." quiet way," that nothing positively can be known for a few days. However, we are glad to find that some of our London contemporaries speak of war as very improbable ; and look forward towards an amicable termination of the dispute between the , Two Powers—although the peaceful issue might be considerably protracted. The London Times, of yesterday, thus quaintly alludes to the disposition of both Russia and Turkey, as well as the Western Powers, to effeet a final and amicable settlement: " The EMPEROR of RussL4, though coercing the PORTE with an armed force, declares that he is not at war with Turkey. The SULTAN, though • compelled to de clare war against Russia, does so conditionally, and with every hope of evading the pledge. The Western Powers send a powerful squadron to the East in defence of the PORTE and in opposition to Russian encroachments, but carefully avoid taking any step which may be reputed as an act of overt hostility against the CZAR." The Times, however, is very invidious, and does . not appear either to have thought of, or examined, the real motives which guide Turkey and the Anglo-French Powers in the policy which each has relatively adopted. . We believe the PORTE is 'desirous of peace; we have no doubt but that England wants peace ; but before we can venture to say as much of the " God of all the Russians," we Will have to " wait little longer !" Time will solve the enigma. • THE moral and social consequences of " Strikes," have become a leading topic with the Metripolitan Press. The London Times, of Thursday, gave a sort of diagramical outline of the whole question, in which all the parallels of the knotty subject were laid down on the surface of some second-hand table, which was selected from a luckless broker's shop, for the purpose of illustration. Nor are the rest of our Londoa cotemporaries less busily engaged in en deavouring to make others understand a subject, 'which they cannot for the life of them comprehend themselves. The weekly journals are also up and doing, but as they hold "brevity to be the soul of wit," they confine themselves to the recital of " the most latest particulars" of the conflicting par ties. The Economist, however, has a long essay on the subject, and as that journal is the organ of a strong section of the present Cabinet, it is worthy of no tice. " What lies at the bottom of combinations," is the problem the Economist attempts to solve. And here is the solution :—" There is not enough of - wealth produced, and at the disposal of the Millowners and their workmen, to give the latter as large wages as they desire, and insure the forme' the ordinary and average rate of profit. More wealth.i s the desideratum The science of political economy has but one established rule by which we estimate the wealth of nations. From production we deduct the pro- ducer's want able wealth of a peopl and whatever remains is the dispos- In calculating the re quired wants of civilised States, it has been dis covered that each adult cousumes the produce of five hands And taking the adult population of the United Kingdom at, say 15,000,000, we must deduct 75,000,000 from the ,ggregate Of our pro. 'entive pow( By the multiplications of our in- ratine genius th producing capabilities of Eng- land are said to be equal to 800,000,000 of hands. This would leave the devisible wealth of England, after deducting the wants of the whole of the United Kingdom, equal to 725,000,000 hands. But both Ireland and Scotland are producers beyond their wants in the following ratio :—lreland, as 3 to 1; Scotland, as 7 to 1; and if we take the adult population of the former at 4,000,000, and the adult population of the latter at 1,500,000, the figures will stand thus : Ireland, population 4,000,000 Multiplied by 3 12,000,000 Scotland, population 1,500,000 Multiplied by • ...7 10,500,000 22,500,000 THE NORTHERN per se 'is no ' mattex so much as in- the manner, wherein consists the y. Physicians may dispute the efficacy impropi. of chloliform the method forming an operation— musty Act of Parliament— , per THE STEAM-SHIP' . GOLDEN AGE, FOR AUSTRALIA. - Is now ON VIEW in the HUSKISSON DOCK; She is largest and most magnificently fitted steam ship in the world.—For Cards of Admission apply to MILLERS & THOMPSON, 4, Drury-lane, LiverpOol. Conuntrdit §PaTel, ON THURSDAY NEXI On Thursday next, the 27th instant, at two o'clock, at the Brokers' Sale-room, 25, Temple-street, 500 Bales Turkey, Egyptian, Peruvian, &c., WOOL. Apply to W. GREAME & CO., Wool-brokers. On account of whom it may concern. On Thursday next, the 27th instant, at One, In the COMMERCIAL SALE-ROOM, Temple Court, 57 Bags Damaged Black Smyrna RAISINS, Per Phoebe, from Smyrna. May be . 'viewed on the morning of sale, at Green's, Lydia Ann-street.—Apply to THOMAS PARRY, Broker, 1, Temple court. Ori A)ale THIS DAY On account of whom it may concern. This day, the 25th instant, at One o'clock, at the Brokers' Sale-room, Derby-buildings, Renwick-street, as she now lies in No. 1, Brunswick Graving Dock, at this port, The HULL of the new Brig A o R I A ; Alt4,re, 275 tons per registerM .11f., 245 tons N.M., built -- at Prince Edward Island this year, with every care, for private use. Dimensions—Length, 103 feet; breadth, 20 feet 7-10ths ; depth, 14 feet. She is a very handsome model, and well worthy the attention of pur chasers. Her stores are of the best description, and can be inspected at the warehouse of Messrs. Wilson, Brown, and Co., No. 2, Orford-street. For further particulars apply to TONGE, CURRY, and CO., Brokers. HOUSE AGENTS HAVING PREMISES TO LET OR SELL SHOULD ADVERTISE IN THE NOR T I E B N DAILY AT A CHARGE OF SIXPENCE TIMES Offices-19, SOTJTH JOHN STREET, LIVERPOOL; 9, PRINCESS STREET, MNCRESTErI SERVANTS WANTING SITUATIONS PERSONS WANTING SERVANTS should Advertise in the NORTHERN DAILY CHARM TIMES SIXPE N C E. Published every morning, at 19, South John-street, Liverpool, and 9. Princess-street, Manchester. NOTICI The Proprietors of the NORTHERN DAILY TIMES . have now completed their arrangements for securing the delivery of the paper at the following places every morning, at, or before eight o'clock. BIRKENHEAD WOODSIDE TRANMERE ROCK FERRY WATERLOO SEAFORTH BOOTLE WALTON EVERTON FAIRFIELD AIGBURTH. TO CORRESPONDENTS Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer ; not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of his good faith. \re cannot undertake to return rejected-communications, All communications, Books for Review, etc., to be for warded to the Editor must be addressed to the Publisher, CHARLES WILLMER, and those from London may be sent to the care of Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. TO.,nrttrn ,113ailti (Q)iiitui. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1853 -lawyers the bearing of a he cle: Add England, (population 11,500,000) Balance of production 725,000,000 Total divisible prodnetion Here, then, we have the annually divisible production of the United Kingdom, equal to 747,500,000 of hands, and if we take the ratio in which it is divided, among these countries we shall be able to arrive at the comparative amount of comfort and wealth of each. And if we take the value of our production as equal to per hand, the annual wealth produced will be equal to 3,737,500,0001. Deduct from this, 800,000,0001. of National Debt, and the annual surplus divisible - by the United Kingdom is 2,937,500,000/ This prodigious sum becomes absorbed, and is again represented for the most part by our Bank ing Capital, Government Stocks, Railway and other Shares, Ships, Houses, Stock-in-trade, Foreign Pro duce, and the Securities of Foreign States. Now in the face of this amazing wealth, always pro gressing and progressive—to say that "more wealth is the desideratum," is perfectly nonsensical. The almost endless wealth we derive from production is not however distributed with sufficient rapidity; nor in the proportions it would be if we had a more expanded medium of distribution. Until within the last fdur or five years, our power of production was limited to a fixed amount of trading capital or money, This money was composed of metals, which were selected for mo ney because they were the most scarce, and con sequently, difficult to obtain. The propriety of its selection we will not question now, as with its increased production nearly all the objections raised against our metallic currency disappear and really go for nothing,—and we are now left to cal culate both as the prosperity of production and profits of trade, by the probable increased produc tion of gold. On the discovery of the gold fields of America being made known, the commerce of Europe received an immense impetus, and when the Diggings of Australia were added to those of California, England's entire productive energies were called into full play, and here commenced a race, as it were, between the monetary arrange ments of trade and fiscal systems, of the several States of Europe. And the result is at this moment both startling and instructive. In all those countries, in fact, where gold is required as an auxiliary to production merely, while every other element of existence is made to bend and shape itself t o sustain thei r powers of pro duction, we find a higher price ruling for gold than in England; and thus our productions are curtailed, and our prices depressed in order to make a less amount of gold meet the enlarged hopes and re quirements of our people. Fortunately. gold has now become such a plentiful commodity that it must soon take its place in- the catalogue of ex changeable productions simply, and then it will soon be . seen how long this country or France can afford to exchange their products with America and Australia at the ratio of 10 to 1. When this ques tion shall have been solved, then will the wants of labour be satisfied to the manifest advantage -of both employer and employed, and each will be heard to exclaim, Prend moi tel que je suis. PASCAL somewhere observes: " In truth, there is a wide difference between laughing at Religion, and laughing at the follies of those who profess it." Now, we trust, that whilst we rightly venture upon a just reproof of the one, we shall not wrongly be accused of hostility to the other. No country can be properly organized, without possessing a judicial code. No society :attain to any refinement, without having laws of its own to which every one must be amenable, provided any pretensions be entertained to what is termed " re spectability." To be a " gentleman," something more is required than simply to wear broad-cloth, an opera-tie, patent-leather boots, dress in the highest style of ton, and dance exquisitely to the tune of " Pop goes:the Weasel ;" and fortunately for the community that it is so. Now, the least de parture from those conventional rules, which So ciety has thought it incumbent to lay down, brands a person immediately as " ungentlemanl3 persistency in such a course, either owing to wilful negligence or positive ignorance, unfits him for " polite company," and the result is, that he is ent to " Coventry "in no time. Offences against these rules admit of considerable exaggera tion. Time; (place, circumstances, and individual position, materially .effect them: For what would be a trivial offence at one time and place, and by one person, would be seriously heightened at an other time and place, and by another person. Having premised so far, we now proceed to ap ply our remarks. We only regret that they will be found both personal and local. But with this fact we have nothing to do. Did not the occasion loudly call for it, none would less willingly assume the office ofpublic censor than ourselves. ST: MICHAEL'S CHURCH, LiverpOol, was, on Sun day last, thetheatre upon which was enacted scenes disgraceful alike to religion, and to the marked actors in the drama, whose duty it was toincul cat() her peaceful lessons ,of forbearance and moderation. Although the circumstances to which we refer have been detailed in the last impression of the NORTHERN DAILY TimEs„ we, yet consider it necessary to give a resume of them on the pre- sent occasion It appears that there are two clergymen at tached to St. Michael's Church, viz., the Reverend CYRITS MORRALL, and the Reverend H. CARPENTER. Although having but one " cure of souls" between them, they seem to possess very conflicting ideas as to the right manlier in which they should fulfil their duty to their charge. " Doctors differ," we are told. And that " two of a trade never agree,' is a proverb we all remember f rom our childhood. But the mere fact of differing and disagreeing . is —clergymen the mean• The ) dis- ing of absolute canons and intricate texts. world roots riot a pin. But should those sage ciples of JESCULAPIUS suffer their patients to die— the limbs of the law lose their clients' causes—and their spiritual vineyards to run into weeds, whilst they indulge in the luxury of disputation, then, indeed, the aspect of the case becomes seriously endangered. People then shati( off their somnolency, and very naturally enquire . _ " What is all this fuss about ?" So that that which was nobody's business before, becomes everybody's business afterwards Considerable misunderstanding (to use the mildest phrase we can employ) has for some time existed between Mr. MOBRALL, and one portion of his congregation. Some of those thought it no wrong to indulge in a little harmless merriment at his expense. In fact they went so far as to placard their pastor—announcing the loss of a promising young preacher ; and offering the reward of an " empty pew" to whoever should return him. W( have heard, certainly, of the shepherd going it quest of the sheep—never before, of the shed' going in quest of the shepherd ! In consequent( of this disruption between pastor and flock, it wtv arranged that the Rev. Mr. BARDSLEY should assist it the services on Sunday. This plan was, how ever, frustrated by Mr. MORRALL, owing to sonti ments which the former gentleman suffered to fal] from The pulpit, of a personal nature, when he lasi 747,500;000 officiated at St. MICHAEL'S. The Curate of St MARTIN'S, supposed to favour Mr. MoRnALL's theolo gical views, was then appointed to undertake the duty. To this the churchwardens were strongly opposed; and the issue was that, when that gen tleman made his appearance, they, with several of the - congregation, rose and quitted the church; others not aware of what was going on, raised the cry of " fire ;" and a scene took place of a most indecorous and unedifying description, which was again repeated in the afternoon of the same day. Now, really, such " goings-on " are quite dis graceful, as well as fearfully out of place. Their legitimate tendency is to degrade religion, bring her professors into disrepute, and render her ministers the targets at which public scorn might hurl its shafts. Scenes, it appears, which dare not be acted in a private dwelling and in presence of genteel society, can with impunity be indulged in openly at church, and before a large congrega tion. When such facts transpire, we cannot re- frain from thinking that " something is rotten in the state of Denmark." These are very dangerous precedents to establish. This game of "hostilities" between pastor and people, never ends well. There is an easy remedy for both parties if they feel themselves mutually aggrieved. And it is better to have resource to that gentle but effectual means, than to run the risk of making churches odious, and religious worship contemptible. Goldsmith, alluding to the Church of the " Deserted Village," says : " Here those who came to stare remained to pray." We much fear, judging from recent occurrences ; that the reverse will be found to apply to the congregation of the church of Air MICHAEL. LIVERPOOL OCTOBER SESSIONS THE October Sessions for this Borough commenced yester day morning before GILBERT HENDERSON, Esq., Recorder. There are 70 prisoners for trial, 63 of whom are charged with felony, and 7 with misdemeanor. Of the prisoners, none have received a superior education, three can read and wr it e well, 31 can read and writ e imperfectly, 11 can read but do not write, and 35 can neither read nor write. The follow ing gentlemen were sworn on the Grand Jury—Walter Fergus Macgregor, Iron Founder, Vauxhall-road, foreman ; Wm. Bowman, merchant, Fenwick-street ; Adam Fairie, sugar refiner, North John-street; John Golding, the younger, sharebroker, Exchange-street East ; John Thomas Leyland, merchant, Exchange-street East; Charles Moore, merch an t, Rumford-street; Wm. John Marrow, merchant, Brunswick street ; Jagnes Meyers, broker, Exchange-street West; Wm. Mac Fie, sugar refiner, Temple-street ; Samuel M'Gill, mer chant, Brunswick-street, Robert Procter. broker, Brunswick treet ; Alfred Wm. Fowles, merchant, Water-street, Jabez Rayner, broker, Exchange-alley, North ; Alexander Shand, merchant, Old Church-yard; Archibald Sinclair, merchant, Chapel-street; George Scholfield, merchant, Exchange-alley. North; John Worrall, merchant, Salthouse Dock. The usual formalities having been gone through, The RECORDER then proceeded to deliver his charge. He said gentlemen of the Grand Jury, as from day to day we look at the weather glass, so from session to session one is apt to look at the calendar as some index of the state of crime. Without asserting that it is on all occasions an in fallible criterion, I think that the present calendar presents room for congratulation rather than alarm. After the lapse Of more than eight weeks, the number of 70 prisoners is not very great, and the general character of the offences I think hou will find not ve r y ser i ous. Th e num b er wou ld clearly ave been less if some parties had not contributed by their negligence, and others by their own loose and disorderly conduct to the effects and mischief of which they complain. Nothing is more satisfactory in the administration of justice now-a-days, than the change that has taken place in respect to thieving, which lies at the root of the great mass, being much more seldom accompanied with violence than it used to be, and I think it justifies, and indeed requires, a more lenient view of the case at present than used to be formerly taken. I think it right to mark with corresponding severity any case in which violence is used. In the present calendar there is a case in which at the dead of the night a person who had secured the windows and dcor of his bedroom, was alarmed by his wife telling him there was some person in the room, and on proceeding to search he did find on the floor a man who'had been concealed when he went to bed. The man was taken without any very serious resistance. Now, if he had in his possession any deadly weapon, or if he had used any great violence on his apprehension, I should consider it called for much more severe castigation than the circumstance, if it should be proved, will probably reqUire. I mention this for one reason. The man when taken said he had stolen nothing, and it is true nothing was found upon him, but the gentleman had l e ft hi s purse i n hi s pocket, his dress was removed from the chair, and the purse Was found on the floor a few yards from the prisoner. If you should be satisfied that the purse was taken by this man with the intent to steal, and although it was so recovered, i and in fact he did not get away with it, I need hardly tell you it is an offence in point of law, as if the robbery had been completed. At the same time, gentlemen, when I Ob served that in general theft is not so frequently accompanied with violence as used to be the case. There is class of offences rising up of late in which persons have been frequently almost strangled in the street, and treated with great vio lence. On the same principle that I would deal leniently with the case I have referred to, in those cases I think great severity is called for. This offence should be put down, and those in authority arc bound to put the law in force with that object. In cases that have come before me I have endeavoured to deal with them. lam not aware the present calendar presents any case of that nature. I do, however, regret to see there are no less than five misdemenours, cases of stabbing —cases in which the knife has been resorted to. lam not aware that this court has been wanting in any one severity; but I do certainly find that this offence is increasing, and I feel, myself called upon to act accordingly. It is nothing in extenuation to say that in three of those cases the men were under the in fluence of drink—perhaps the other two may be so likewise —but there is direct evidence it was so in three of those cases. But, though, this may account for it, it does not at all excuse it, or make it less necessary to put down, if possible, by severe punishment, such offences. I have punished severely in those more barbarous cfass of offences. In one instanceaman was convicted of the barbarous offence of having torn another man's eye from the socket. He was punished both by fine and imprisonment, and I am happy to say I have no reccurence of this particular offence ; several cases have have occurred within the last year or two, of per sons who have actually broken off a part of a fellow-being's nose. Here again is an abominable, barbarous, and inhu man proceeding which must be effectually discouraged, and I have endeavoured to do so in the cases that have come before me. There is no such case in the calendar, but there is a case in which a man is stated on the depositions to have bitten off the part of another man's ear. It is cases of this class which I say require to be effectually discouraged. Gentlemen, you are aware of th e difficulties which have arisen with regard to transportation. You are aware for, a long time the administration of the law on that subject has been in a transition state. The mode in which persons have been dealt with under those circumstances, • has been a subject of considerable delicacy. Many things have been tried, and at last a very decided step has been taken ; it limits the number of sentences of transportation, and in fact it is probable they may fall altogether into disuse, It so DAILY TIMES. hat this court for the first time, is called upon to r the altered law, and perhaps therefore, it may not be out of place to make a few remarks explanatory of it. For the future no sentences of 7 or 10 years transportation will pass. And indeed, sentences of 14 years or for lif e may be passed, but even.in those cases the judge may have a discretion, and even iii cases of transportation for life, the judge may, instead of transportihg for life, sentence the person to be kept in penal servitude for life; so that with regard to shorter sentences of transportation, sentences of penal servitude for a term of years may be substituted as a matter of course, and, probably, eventually the sentences will always be for some term of penal servitude. Now the length of that of course varies in proportion to the sentences of transportation, to which the party would now be liable. In lieu of transportation for seven years, the term of the penal servitude is seven years; instead of transportation for ten years, the term of penal servitude may be from four to • 31.7 C years; instead of transportation for fifteen years, the penal servitude may be from six to eight years; instead of a tqrm of transportation exceeding fifteen years, the penal servitude may be awarded for from six to ten years ; instead of transportation for life, a penal servitude for life. Now, gentlemen, it would be dangerous for a person to flatter themselves that under these sentences punishment would be light. It would be a great mistake to suppose that tran sportation is abolished. It is not abolished. Transporta tion under any of those sentences may take place to any of her Majesty's colonies. You may recollect there are colonies where no complaint is made. and where there is no objection to convicts, as, for instance, the inhabitants of Gibralter, Bermuda, or even the Western part of Australia. It is probable, and likely, that transportation will still go on to some considerable, if not, to a great extent; and, therefore, under any of those sentences of penal servitude, a person may find himself in one of those colonies. It seems to ine, to a person who rightly considers it, this is a very alarming thing, from the uncertainty of how a man may be dealt with under those regulations. Ile does-not know where he is going, nor the judge who passes the sentence cannot tell him. The man sentenced to penal. servitude may find him self in the seclusion of separate 'confinement at Pentonville ; he may find himself labouring at the dock yard Woolich, or Portsmouth, drawing and carrying burthens day by day ; or he may find himself working at the fortifications atPortsea, or he may find himself quarrying in the quarries in the island of Portland, or assisting in making the breakwater there; or he may find himself in some way employed about the fortifi cations at Gibralter, or he may find himself in that unwhole some climate—l regret to very much it is so—Bermuda. There is great latitude taken in the act of parliament as to how the Government will deal with parties sentenced to those terms of penal servitude, and, therefore, they have a great deal to fear as to what they may have to undergo on such sentence; but without saying how p rac ti ca lly they may be carried out, this is certain : in general they will have to labour under those severe restrictions, deprived of course of the society of their fniends, removed from the places that are dear to them, and kept for a long term in some useful, it may . be hoped, labour, but subject to all the restraints of imprisonment. Now, .gentlemen when I describe this as the consequence of crime, ;and the conse quence of such sentences, at the same time it is not intended that the party should be dealt with without hope, nor will they be left without hope, if by their good conduct they Agence. Although they are sentenced to a or it may be for a shorter period, it does not it will insist on their being kept in , nprisonment during the whole of the term, because it is provided, expressly provided, that if her Majesty should please to grant to them a license and permission to return to society they may do so, even before the end of the term to which they were sentenced. Then of course it is to be expected that her Majesty in her wisdom, and with the advice she will receive, will not restore them peremptorily unless from their conduct there should be reason to think they had sincerely repented of their crime, and that they are likely to return without doing further mischeif to society, No doubt it is a very serious experiment to return persom under those circumstances to society at all, becaus, you seo whilst under those sentences they are -- term for lif follow the Governmc removed from all those temptations.—from all y bad and the risk of course will be great when they re turn to them. Still, however, it is only fair to persons so sentenced, that they should, by their good conduct, have a fair chance given them of amending their condition. And this experiment to restore them to society, it seems to me, . _ .1 i may be made with much more safety than t could have been a number of years ago. I have great confidence in the police establishment, and the control which they'may haie, and the watchfulness that may be exercised, with regard to those parties. And here again, if they . should be restored to society, there is a power kept if they misconduct themselves. Her Majesty has the power of revoking the license, and they will be sent back without more to ao, to undergo the re mainder of the punishment, and that without trial, because power is given to the Secretary of State, and it seems to me rightly lodged there. Under the great responsibility which that high office imposes, he will have to satisfy his con science by any means he thinks proper, the parties -are dangerous, and not following a course that is safe for the protection of society. At her Majesty's pleasure the license may be revoked, and they will be liable to be re-apprehen ded, and removed to undergo the remainder of their punish ment. Gentlemen, as I stated, probably in thi s cour t th e first sentence of this nature will be passed. I said this in explanation. It is a very great experiment, and I hope it will be a successful one. At all events, we must do all we can to ensure its success, by properly awarding the sentences in cases which Come before us. And here I feel some de- gree of relief from this change of the law. There is a better graduation now of the scale of punishment. There is a wide gap between a sentence of two years' imprisonment, and one of seven years' transportation. Now it has often been a very difficult thing for me, to say whether I should pass a sentence of seven years' transportation, or of two years' prisonment ; and two years is a term so long, that I rarely pass it; two years in a prison such as ours, is enough to produce a serious change in a man's constitution ; it is a very trying thing, confinement within the walls of a prison like ours : and I sometimes pause before inflicting it. I have frequently very great difficulty in saying whether two years imprisonment, or whether I ought to go as far as seven years' transportation. Now, however, the term of penal servitude is four years ; so that you see the scale is better graduated, and it will relieve me from the difficulty. I have frequently sentenced persons to imprisonment to be on the safe side, though I might have transported them : and probably it would have been better that I had ; but, as it is now, the term of two years imprisonment, or four years ; and I mention it now to alarm those who are disposed to commit the offences, and because I do not hesitate to say I shall be more willing to pass a sentence of four years penal servitude, than I would a sentence of seven years transportation ; therefore, I. mention this rather that it may have its due weight on those disposed to commit offences, and to cause them to think, although they may have escaped transportation, they will very likely fall under the four years penal servitude ' as the limit of punishment now begins. Having made these observations, gentlemen, I shall not detain you longer. The grand jury then retired. Shortly after the criminal:business commenced. MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE CONVER SION OF THE JEWS. The Annual Meeting of this Society was held last night, at the Collegiate Institute. The LORD BISHOP OF CHESTER in the Chair. The attendance was very numerous, and among the gen tlemen on the platform were —Rev. Dr. Aeyrst, Rev. J. Kelling, Rev. J. Scott, Rev. Dr. McNeile, Rev. H. Carpenter, Rev. W. Rawson, Rev. F. Parry, Rev. Dr. Vierns, Rev. S. Minton, Rev. W. Pollock, Rev. G. London, Rev. Dr. Barry, Rev. J. Matthias, Rev. G. Reade, Rev. A. Knox, Rev. J Harrison, Rev. W. Fallon, Rev. D. Anderson, Rev. H. W. Taylor, Rev. A. J. Jones, Rev. Mr. Newhan, W. Jones, Esq., Ed. Jones, Esq., H. J. Webster, Esq., W. Wall, Esq., &c., &c. • After the prayer, with which the meeting was opened, was concluded. The Cukmainx said that most of their friends were already aware that the Annual Meeting for the transaction of the ordinary business connected with the • Society had been held in the spring of the year, when the usual accounts were examined and audited, and the report printed, and circulated amongst the friends of the Society. There would therefore be no report drawn that afternoon, at that meeting, and so far it wouldbe attended w ith thi s a d van t age , that it would leave ample time for the gentlemen, who had kindly undertaken to address them t o do,:so. And although in Liverpool, they never. failed in having the choice of good speakers to present to them, yet it seldom happened that they had so ample a choice as they had on that evening. They were favoured with a very numerous deputation from the Parent Society ; Rev. Mr." Aeyrst, Rev. Mr. Keeling, Rev. Mr; Scott, and Rev. Mr. Kerns, gentlemen whose names were well-known to the meeting, they having at tended in Liverpool on former occasions to advocate the cause of the society. They had kindly undertaken to address the meeting on that occasion, and with them they would hear with pleasure, the Rev. Dr. Mc Neile— (applause)—who also kindly consented to speak. Whether other gentlemen might do so in the course of the evening, depended entirely on the mere fact whether the limits of time within which their meeting should conclude, would or would not admit of any addititional speakers; but he was sure that very pleasing and very interesting information would be laid before them by the gentlemen whom he had named. He would notstand any longer between those gentlemen and the meeting, but would 'merely call on the Rev. Mr. Aeyrst, than whom no person could be better entitled to take the lead in advocat ing the cause of that society; for he had been for many years its steady friend and zealous and successful advocate, and he (the chairman) hoped that he would be spared for many years' to come to pursue the same course of usefulness, and with increasing success. (Hear, hear,) He (the chairman). would however, before concluding' make - one observation. They had to look at, not so much the measure of their suc cess, for that depended on the will and pleasure of Almighty God ; but what they had to look to was the measure of their duty, and that was to spare no xertion that was in their power, to act in the s pi r it o f G o d w h en H e commande d that His,dospel should be preached to all the world, to Jew and Gentile,. and to pray that they might be His instruments, however humble in His hands, for bringing back His once favoured people of Israel, and converting them to the name and faith of Jesus Christ. (4pplause.) The Rev. Mr. AZYRST then came forward and was loudly meeting separated applauded. He said that before he proceeded to give them a brief review of the great work carrying on amongst the children of Israel, he would make a few observations to re mind them of the wonderful position which that people now occupied in the world. They found that people, already-lo cated, in the wideness of their dispersion in pl ,- aces where they'as Englishmen;with all their energy and enterprise, could not follow them. They were to be found in Timbuctoo, in Central Africa, where the foot of no EngliSh traveller had been yet able to penetrate ; and they were to be found again scattered throughout the vast territories of China' but preserving wherever they were that peculiar identity which bore such wonderful testimony to_the truth of revelation. That identity was most remarkable—so remarkable that the books of their worship which were brought from China were remarkable solely, if he might term it, from the "want of remarkability;" for one might enter with them into the synagogue either of LiverpOol or London, and with them in hand follow, word for word, the prayers and ceremonies therein performed. Such identity was most remarkakle, but it should impel them to struggle the more, and availing of the mighty movement now going on in China, endeavour, with God's blessing, to bring back into th e aith the widely scattered people of the Jewish race. (Applause.) It was painful to see how christianity was corrupted where most of the Jews lived. The rev. gentleman then proceeded to show how tabular statements, which he might call the arith metic of missions, of conversions among the Jewish people could not be presented to such meetings, as in the case of other missions: •It would be easy, no doubt, to present such statements, but it was much better to state the "truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth;"—(applause)—but when the cause of that inability was known, the matter would no longer appear strange. In other missions, congre gationi could be :gathered and churches established, and the missionary could, from time to time, give regular and authentic returns of the extent and success of his labours. But in the Jewish mission that could not be done ; for the people being scattered the labours of the missionary should be of a like character. (Hear, hear.) The rev. gentleman then detailed many particulars shelving the success of the Jewish mission in Upper Silesia, and particularised the exertions of Moritz, an Israelite by birth, an d o th er missionaries, in forwarding there the good work. He then described what they were doing in this respect in the sphere of his own labours, Berlin. The kings of Prussia, though they did not treat the Jews with any particular favour, yet allowed them to trade and traffic unrestrictedly, and enjoy the privilege of ordinary citizenship ; and on that account the intercourse between them and the Missionaries was full and perfect. And as a proof that that intercourse was not without fruit, he would merely mention that in Berlin alone their were 2000 of the Jewish race united with them, and 2000 more in London. (Applause.) He himself had 200 candidates for baptism, 43 of whom he baptised ; while throughout all Germany they had schools established for the education of youth, 6000 children receiving education in the Duchy of Posen alone. (Applause.) This to be sure was much, an d th oug h he was thankful that they had made a beginning, however small, yet they should recollect that vastly more remained to be done, and under divine providence, he hoped they would never cease in their exe r tion s until that was completed. (Applause.) _ _ _ The Rev . . Mr KEELY, Secretary of the Irish Church . Edu cation Society, then rose to address the meeting, and was warmly received. After a few brief introductory remarks, he observed, that in coming forward to plead for sympathy, and ask assistance in the support of the society, which he advocated, it might naturally be asked, what claim had it either to their - sympathy or' support. (Hear, hear.) To prove that claim he would not take them to the court or parliament of Prussia, but he would ask them to go with him to an humble chamber of sickness in one of the suburbs of London, not as connected with the Jewish Society, but as a clergyman resident in the neighbourhood. A friend had asked him to visit that poor sick chamber, and on going there he found a Jewe ss , w h o h a d learned through some means with which he was not acquainted, the Word of Life. She had left the paternal roof and given up the com forts which she had there enjoyed ; for she preferred to yield every earthly luxury, and every human tie rather than give up her Saviour. She therefore went forth an outcast from her father's home, and where did she find it refuge ? In the Institution belonging to the Jewish Society. (Applause.) • There she was received with the arms of Christian love. Her faith as her knowledge grew became the more and more confirmed, but death soon laid his hand upon her. Con sumption developed itself in her youthful frame ; she was removed to the hospital at Brompton, but despite of e ver y medical care and attention, she speedily sank beneath th e disease, and passed into the world of love and joy with that peace and trust which a belief in the merits of our Saviour is sure to impart. But what had the Jewish Society done for its own members? Had it not realised for them an increase of knowledge, and with that knowledge, an increase of hope and happiness. (Applause). The Rev. gentleman then concluded by observing that the more they studied this subject, the more would they be anxious to impart Christianity to the Jews, in making known to them the Gospel of Christ. The Rev. Dr. 31'NEILL on coming fortard was loudly applauded. He said they were highly indebted, and he thought he might add with t ru th, that they were sincerely gratified/at the deeply interesting details which the Rev. Mr. Aeyrst had laid before the meeting of the operation of the Jews' Society. (Hear, hear). Some of these details deserved to be recollected, and particularly those in which he instanced the ready witnesses which the Jews in Africa and China afforded as to the wonderful identity existing amongtt their race. He (Dr. M‘Neill) might perhaps be permitted, for a few minntes to advert to some of those more general principles which were involved in the fact, and as Missionary as other Society, societies and he thought, in the Christian duty of having a separate effort on behalf of the Jewish people. (Hear, hear). Their So ciety was a a s u s e such,d— ib t e used—bibles, s , e p d r a such yer - books, Scripture-readers,and Schools. It was a Protestant Missionary Society (applause), and, as such, it repudiated instrumentalities t the traditions and superstitions of the Talmud, and bore wit ness against the image-worship, and he might add the heresy of the Greek Church: he said so with emphasis because they found in their own church some who were now apologising for that same Greek church, and finding fault with their ex• cellent Bishop Gobart for making proselytes out of it. But the more proselytes he could make out of it the better. (Applause.) It was strange that advocates, par excellence, of orthodoxy should be taking part with the Greek church, separated as it was from the reformed church upon special questions of theology, and pronounced practically by the continuance of their system in perpetuo a heretical church. But as he said the society was a church and Protestant missionary society, and upon those grounds they might ap peal for attention and for support. But this, although the truth, was not the whole truth. Viewed thus as a mission ary society, and only such, they should candidly confess car ried with it comparatively but a trifling support,—a trifling interest. The society had for its object to promote christi anity amongst the Jews scattered amongst the nations of the earth. But when their numbers were compared with the vast numbers of heathens and idolate rs t o b e conver t e d, it , was asked why have a separate society—why a distinct com mittee, with its officers, and its deputations, and all this in creased expense? Why not have one branch of the great missionary society appointed to do this little Jewish work ? But the clergy who thought thus did not generally preach for the society, and the laity who thought thus did not generally subscribe to the society. There was another feature connected with the society calculated to diminish the amount of interest that men took in it, and the amount of support consequently given to it. It had been already alluded to—he meant the results, which, in point of fact, were considerable, though they were such that at no one-time, or at no one place, could they make a con siderable show. But what was there belonging to the Jews which entitled the mission to them to the special attention, interest, and support of the christian church ? To answer this they should hav3 recourse. not to the speculations and reasonings of men but to the Word of God. In the scrip tures they found tie J ews spoken of as no other people were spoken of. That they had been a distinct people - was un deniable to all that believed in histOry. That they were a distinct people, was undeniable to all who belie v ed th e i r senses ; and that they should continue a distinct people, was equally undeniable to all who really believed in prophecy. (Applause.) The rev. gentleman then proceeded to show how an apostolical precedence was granted to Jews, and on this elociently founded their claims to every exertion on the part of the christian church to convert them to the true faith. • The Rev. W. Scorr, secretary to the London Society, then addressed the meeting. He followed up the arguments of the Rev. Dr. M'Neill, and observed that th e christian church neglected its duty, if it omitted to preach the gospel to the Jewish people. He showed how remarkable it was, that during 1806 years this duty should have been neglected, and said that they argued wrong in supposing that the Jews had- a knowledge of the scriptures until the present times. 'He laid it down as a principle, that where man's tradition was taken as rule of faith, in that proportiOn the word of God was departed from, and commented' on a lecture of Cardinal Wiseman's, in which he told the Jews that they had as much right to believe their traditions as much inspired as the word of God. He then contrasted the state of Jerusalem in 1836 with its present state, and , con cluded by calling on the meeting to persevere in its support of the society. The REV. MR. KERNS then addressed the meeting, and briefly but forcibly pointed out those circumstances which were favourable to the spread of Christianity amongst the Jews at the present time. He described how their prejudices were gradually declining, and how the spirit of innovation creeping amongst them, they were departing from their old customs and traditions. And after shewing that the tendency of the Jews, both at .liome and abiaad, was to the English Church, be concluded by detailing some facts con nected with the success of the Jewish mission on the Continent. After the usual vote of thanks had been given by accla mation, on the motion of Dr. M'Neile, to the chairman, tho CORN.—From a Parliamentary paper it appears that in the year ended the 6th January, the public income from corn amounted to £404,386. _ _ - The aide-de-camp in chief of the Generalissimo of the Ottoman forces (Schadrov Bey) .is daily expected to arrive in London on a special message from Omer Pacha to the British Government. PRESTON ST.Bllii,o,,,—_ GREAT MEETING OF WE' : (FROM OUR OWN REPORTER.) PllOl6 00 othTehrsis. mfohr l that 12,000 people were present. We a re i 7:00 amount brought in yesterday to the wea vers o t i e i un ng eni there plo yed was in a the eeoat Orchard; : b 11,687 2s. 32d., which, added to s balas l £63 10s., made the amount available fur, £1,750 12s. 34-d. This week's receipts i uclude o . from Blackburn, and £llO contributed bah work and other people at Preston. It los re: 1 0 the weavers 4s. per head, 2s. less than Was outs previous to the ge ne r a l c losing of the 01 " :- 1 , ' Mr. GEORGE C OWELL (who presided)) ti r ductory observations, said the manufacturers c` very busily at :work, endeavouring to Pi ta ' and to sow discord amongst the oPerli tiles : their grand object ,might be defeated, a nd " . 1 be compelled to return to work, at. the gam e ceived at the commencement of the year. I t stated last week that the committee would 11 13°111 pay the weaver's Is. per head that day. , t i wag the first dividend made t o th e whole h of Preston, they were enabled to p a y 4s. pe r ' ginning ; the amount at their disposal bedl .ertions, the eonlrilitit Stockport, after great able to pay the turn 6d. per I, meau, hesitation in saying there w ou ld b e more 04 Preston next week than this, and more that ; and he would pledge himself that had been going on five weeks from this be able to pay 6s. per head, as usual. Blackb £613 3s. 3d., and declared they had not yet This agitation would not blow over as They had amongst them men of sterling ability—mei who could use both their pens ; and with their aid, the millocracy be prevented from riding rough-shod over held in his hand a placard which had been walls of Preston—a reprint of an article the Daily News. Now let him tell them News was. The proprietors of the Dail connection with the Manchester school—a always been getting its livelihood out of th and sinews of the working classes ; and lb at ! that the manufacturers of Preston were gettinb printed and hoisting them upon the walls, i ll e i the people believe something they never kfii before. The writer in the Daily News said: j I of Lancashire and York s hi re h ave h a d a g0:,4 life." Mark that ! They had been in wages, had had cheap food and plenty of 0 .70 had good wages ? (No.) Th e wr it er a l so sala. had been well fed, well clad, and well housed; I n had been everything confortable and desirable) Unfortunately (added he,) the people had nl of the good supplies of money they had obta ) gone to the ale-bench and sp en t it th ere . he y .many of the cotton lords had gone to the ale had not been cont en t w ith drinking their bee r ', must have their wine; they had servants to ' o l' and their wives were rolling in silks and 03 `;0 operatives must be content to:wear miserabl.e,i Let them not be di scourage d b y anything icn,i the Times or Daily N ews . They raig:ht depell" o t papers were the organs of our capitalists, and no ing classes. They supported the men who had side, whilst, unde r th e gu i se o f f r i en d s hi p , the working classes beneath the clods of the the operatives only knew their power and hh they would make their enemies quail and de e ,. They might depend upon it this agitation 1, in advantage to themselves, leading to morally, socially. intellectually, and politicaa , of society. (Cheers.) Mr. GnnisH.Aw, of Great Harwood, more solution : -outs is " The operatives of Preston, in public weft' hereby most emphatically deelpre their wolf' never to resume labour until a full and uncoil& per cent. be conceded." Mr. WALTON, of Blackburn, seconded He cautioned the manufacturers of Preston * ing , 4 iThetrhestoilleut7oasntwerass ocfarßiliaecdkunbu:nni;mifousthlye.oPirli any of them there, they would " lift them out Mr. BRAHAM, of Gorton Hall, near Manches'„' j no time should be lost in bringing this di s pute w rf Words were very easily spoken, but it was ` e s 't, bread and cheese without wor k. P eo pl e n1ig . " , 0 4 as they liked, but, in his opinion, th e y had o w the eleventh hour, and the sooner the sti r 1 0 1 brought to a conclusion the better. He w ° ,, a d t turbance ; and if there should be bloodshed,'"od 'tie be thrown into a state of revolution, they r d e is fi p e u ct te o m n u w s h t il b e e th s e e y ttl l e iv d e;d. and T t h h e e tim res e po h n O sib •ati 4, 4, 01 upon Entertainingth employers,ethese views, w t they y h e did r proposed do e the (lc., o w , —did not give them a fair day's wage s for 3.. • " That the delegates of the factory tion : Mayor to call a meeting of the mandacturer. • • -• aispu 4 to agree to an amicable settlement of the - ing." ( Mr. RHODES, of Stockport, seconded the t (1. cause he knew the result which always folk), at the same time he might observe, that this , first occasion on which they had passed a resol ,a the world that the operatives of Preston mil?' of all consequences that might ensue from this a 3 is The CHAHLMAN stated that Mr. Brahain P 0 Nib t the committee for leave to bring this prorsi ti meeting. They had given permission, simplY ty pie believed that that gentleman was a friend t o e classes—that he wished to bring this and eve t v eivy to an honourable settlement. They accepted, l kt I vt because they wished to shift all respousibilitY p h I shoulders to the shoulders of those who were to it.' Therefore, if the manufacturers refused e ' 4 014 selves of this opportunity for effecting a sett not the fault of the operatives, who wished for 1 y the of the strike, providing they could have theill . „.p The resolution was carried unanimously,; Cc cc cries of " Ten per cent." 0p.0.0..„the :811:11.0 tevzielgi Cheers having- been given for Blackburn 3 , 11 :5' ;riots, for their noble support of Preston, than° 01 ;o Mr. Brahan4and to the chairman, after whi ejj separated. THE COURT. Ocr. 23.—tier Majesty and his Royal •°,llP' Albert, the Prince of Wales, the Princess EoPic i a Alice, the King of the Belgians, the Ladies of the Court, and Gentlemen in attendance on and the domestic hous3hold attended divin e morning in the private chap2l of the castle. y 1 The Duchess of Kent was likewise "1 3 ' service. The Hon. and Rev. G. Wellesley officiated ?, 0 00 The Duke and Duchess of Brabant ? the '' tl ,4 ders, and the Princess Charlotte of Belgium, ' went to the Catholic Chapel, at Clewer. (I'4 Her Imperial Highness the Graf l „ Marie of Russia', with her family, the GouP:i and vory numerous suite, arrived on Friday in ham's Royal Ship Hotel, Dover, and remain e f o ri Sunday at twelve o'clock, when she sailed i t yi her Majesty's mail-packet Vivid, Captain $ 15 . 1 :c Grace .the Duchess of Hamilton and the 111a.1 - ,. , (' the Prince and Princess Woronzoff, his Exceo c ' , )O. with the Baroness Brunnow and their daughte r ' 6, Macdonald, and Earl Clanwilliam were of the Ji and accompanied the Grand Duchess on boar d 'o l i the Duchess of Hamilton, theßaron and Bar Brunnow will return to town this ev ening• ri fe paid to royal personages was scrupulously obse CARDINAL Wish.mAN.—lt is undo..-°„ ot , eminence, after having been present last o, e ; ti religious spectacle at *Amiens, continued P, O l O ll, Paris, from whence it was expected that he_ ps of to Rome, upon important business. The deerv' t P s of Roman Catholic prelates, which was held i $ p oi course of last summer, thou g h n o t yet 1 111 T, e ,,11 A been sent back, it is rumoured, from the 'co' in many important details; among other poili t : e l the exclusive use of Gothic ecc l es i as tical ves commending the adoption of a more stri ct ofl those which are in use at Rome. It is bel ie ,„ , decision is likely to prove rather unpalatable 1 5 d able portion of the Roman Catholic prelatesfot li is supposed that it is on busi ness connected,'" o oo that the cardinal has gone to Rome to c holiness GIFT OF £5,048 TO MR. tion for a testimonial to Mr. Bright, MX. , ,7, c ies') menced at. Rochdale 'on the successful t e [to s ll Anti-Corn law struggle, has been broughk tio subscriptions from 3,149 individuals residence and villages, amounted to £6,048 Bs. 1i• 0) 0 ' after consulting with Mr. Bright, dec iue , s ti 9 would be an agreeable and appropriate t 4, 3 3:10 regard in which he was held. An oak 00,0 signed by Mr. Morris, and executed bY .'" ; „ l% ff of Chester, at a cost of £4OB, the ear s ;.„' - g 'iare s ,l l o complete representation of the leadinG',", - a ture and commerce. A silver plate :rn s :,..‘`s(.' furniture bears the folloiving inscription •oci., the friends of free trade to John Brigh t, t he c' t i iC acknowledgment of his great services In .9 trade, in connection : with the Nati olo ore A jitie League." The library consisting of ~1 /13 0 $"% p eg volumes, was selected by Mr. Bright, t og e of £1,300, and the balance (after &du' been paid to that gentleman. 11egl kt ! fr o , kell 'ellar 41 1114 p' 6,. f' got e xl) Lo 6, _eau.: II thi n] k 44 t lie el [ It sal 1)41 11b; ithe vi( Y co ti 1 4p le (lo t tt r ()rated k rti " t b , te 41 4 Qe . ' eL ' SS .hki 'lnir y a RU out katio (l eela i 1), 414 A- 4eifi( ants c Y da etlirbe of t c t ,q h;„ it th t't 's l'( Et ( 1 4; kk . 1/41,1