The Northern Daily Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-11-14 00:00:00

• . - THE STEAM-SHIP ' •0 1 .*A4 GOLDEN AGE ';i1;11 FOR AUSTRALIA. Is now ON VIEW in the HUSKISSON DOCK; She is largest and most magnificently fitted steam ship in the world.—For Cards of Admission apply to MILLERS & THOMPSON, 4, Drury-lane, Liverpool. Commtrriai Paitg. MONDAY NEXT. AUCTION. On Monday the 14th November, at One o'clock. at the Commercial Sale-room, Temple-court, 100 Barrels Newtown Pippin APPLES, of the celebrated brand H I packed in sawdust. 26 Barrels Dried PEACHES, ea " Atlantic" mail steamer from New York. Apply to CHARLES HUMBERSTON, Esq., Merchant; or GEORGE BADENACH, Broker. HOUSE AGENTS HAYING PREMISES TO LET OR SELL SHOULD ADVER TISE NORTHERN IN THE DAILY TIMES AT A CHARGE OP SIXPE N C E. Offices-19, SOUTH JOHN STREET, LIVERPOOL; 9, PRINCESS STREET, MANdIIESTER. SERVANTS WANTING SITUATIONS PERSONS WANTING SERVANTS, should Advertise in the NORTHERN DAILY TIMES, CHARGE SIXPE N C E. Published every morning, at 19, South John-street, Liverpool, and 9. Princess-street, Manchester. NOTICE. The Proprietors of the NORTHERN DAILY TIMES have now completed their arrangements for securing the delivery of the paper at the following places every morning, at, or before eight o'clock. BIRKENHEAD BOOTLE WOODSIDE I TRANMERE WALTON ROCK FERRY EVERTON WATERLOO FAIRFIELD SEAFORTH AIGBURTH. TO CORRESPONDENTS. Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenticated qy the name and address of the writer; not necessarily for _publication, but as a guarantee of his good faith. We cannot undertake to return rejected communications. All communications, Books for Review, etc., to be for warded to the Editor must be addressed to the Publisher, CHARLES WILLMER, and those from London may be seen to the care of Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 183:1 THE grand secret and deep designs of Russian policy are no longer topics upon which to occupy our imagination. They have become clear as the sun at noon day. The " Manifesto" of the AUTO CRAT has brought these " hidden things of dark ness" to light, and removed every iota of doubt that might have previously existed as to his villanous schemes with respect to the Eastern embroglio Ever since RURIK, the Scandinavian freebooter, conquered the Slavonic and Finnish tribes on the Baltic, and bestowed upon his newly-acquired territory, the hateful and hated name of Russia, has one undeviating policy been perseveringly pur sued towards the Ottoman Empire. Her aim, object, and pursuit, have been aggression —aggres sion upon any pretext, and under any circum stances. Those of our readers acquainted with the black and barbarous history of Russia will not be astonished at the character of Prince GORTSCHA KOFF'S Note, or the EMPEROR'S Manifesto. Nearly a thousand years have now elapsed since the first expedition was undertaken to the Bos phorus, and when the Eastern metropolis was first attacked. Unfortunately, on that occasion, the Russian marauders were but too successful, and the Greeks had frequently to yield to their extor tionate and villanous demands. NICHOLAS in the nineteenth, is but too faithful a copy of his pro totype SVIATOSLAV in the ninth, century ! Indeed, the latter was the more honourable of the two ; for whilst he failed not to disclose his policy, the former has employed every secret art iu order to conceal his. In invading Bulgaria, and advancing upon Adrianople, SVIATOSLAV honestly avowed his intention of spoliation, and to become possessed of countries so rich in productiveness, and cele brated as commercial marts. But in occupying the Principalities, and demanding the right of a Protectorate over 12,000,000 of Ottoman subjects, the CZAR NICHOLAS would hide his daring and boundless ambition under the plea of regard for the interests of the " orthodox Christians !" Hor rible hypocrisy ! True, this is no new feature in the history of Russian craft. The Empress CATHERINE 11., who was opposed alike to all forms of Christianity, and whom VOLTAIRE, and others, have eulogised in consequence, adopted a similar pretext in order to render Poland and Turkey subservient to her power. She, too, viola ted treaties—having declared Crimea a province of her empire, and expelled the KHAN by a most extraordinary system of stratagem, which, fortu nately for the OTTOMAN empire, did not prove entirely successful, owing to the prompt inter.•- vention of the Western Powers. Extension of territory—diffusion of domination—unlimited ag grandisement—are the cherished designs of the Imperial Muscovite. Like another ALEXANDER, he sets no scope to his ambition—no bounds to his designs—and would fain subdue the world by prostrating all nations at his feet ! It has been justly observed that, " like CATALINE, he is sui profusus, alieni cupiens, and acts like the savage, who hews down the tree in order to gather its fruits." Is it any wonder, therefore, that all "the govern ments of Europe should regard with a jealous eye the progress of Russia in the East? Her past history, and the avowed intentions of her former CZARS, can leave no doubt as to her positive inten tions. In the last Will and Testament left by PETER the Great to the Empire, that injunction is strongly insisted upon ;—" ENCROACH AS FAR AS POSSIBLE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE INDIES AND CONSTANTINOPLE." We know what a servile race the Russians are, and how superstitiously they would regard such an Imperial requirement. On this policy all Russia is therefore bent, from the AUTOCRAT himself down to his meanest serf. And the success she had experienced during the cam paign of 1829, on the coast of the Black Sea, has only served to excite new efforts, and revive old hostilities, in order to obtain this long-cherished ultimatum of her hopes. After the treaty of Adrianople had been con firmed, Count NESSELRODE, in his despatch to the Grand Duke CONSTANTINE (dated the 12th Feb., 1830), after eulogising the prowess of the Russian armies, and their capability of overthrowing the OTTOMAN Empire in Europe, observed, " But . the EMPEROR was of opinion, that this monarchy, re duced to exist only under the protection of Russia, and made to obey uo other wishes than hers, suited better our political and commercial interests than any new combination which would have compelled us. either to extend our dominions too rapidly by conquest, or to substitute, in place of the OTTOMAN Empire, other States which might soon become 'our rivals in power, civilisation, industry and riches. . . . Since we thus do not wish the ruin of the Turkish government, we seek the means of maintaining it in its present dependent state As this government cannot be useful to us except by its dependence, we must demand from it a strict observance of its engage ments, and A PROMPT REALIZATION OF OUR WISHES." Here is the key to the AUTOCRAT'S real intentions. We suspected his aim from the first moment that he not only demanded but enforced "material guarantees." His dilatory policy has proved ad mirably successful ; and whilst he has been fooling the mediating Powers with hopes of an amicable arrangement, he has been perfecting his plans— consolidating his armies—and gaining a greater conquest by the lapse of time than he could pos sibly have obtained by the bloodiest pitched battle. The daring hardihood and flagrant false hood exhibited in the Imperial " Manifesto " itself cannot be surpassed. NICHOLAS upon the flimsiest and falsest pretensions declares war with the PORTE. A casus belli has been established ; and the peace of Europe is again jeopardised after a period of forty years tranquility. And is this, in sober truth, the issue of diplomatic truckling and shuffling—by courtesy called "friendly interven tion !" Surely the GREAT WIZARD of the North must have had all the diplomatists of Europe in his Impe rial conjuring -box, where they have been fairly jug gled out of their senses; or else this mighty and wily Mesmerist has been practising his art upon them; and by his subtle " seances, " charmed them into a state of " coma," when they became transmog rified into ready instruments of his omnipotent will ! We know not otherwise how to regard such extraordinary oversight as they have exhibit ed ; and the nationalities of Europe will have to require a faithful account of those into whose hands they have committed their respective des tinies. Russian cajolery has been no secret; and the other Powers should have known what degree of credit was proper to bestow upon professions emanating from such a quarter. Judging from the Manifesto issued from the Imperial palace of NICHOLAS I. "by the grace of GOD," one would suppose that the SULTAN himself was the aggressor—that it was Turkey which violated international treaties, and held possession of Russian " material guarantees"—and that the Danube had been crossed by hordes of Ottoman invaders, in order to subjugate the Russian Empire, and make it tributary to their own ! One would further be led to believe that the CZAR was one of the most ill-used beings in the world—that, since the days of JOB, so exemplary an example of patience was never manifested—that, in fact, he had employed every stratagem, and used the utmost solicitations to cause Turkey "to respond to the pacific efforts of .Europe, as well as his own spirit of long-suffering !" and that the " Infidel" being inexorable and bent upon spoliation and carnage, no other course was left for Russia than to put her trust in Gon, and have recourse to force of arms." Does NICHOLAS really mean to experi inentalize upon us, by making us believe that black is white? He has played his game successfully in some quarters. Has this success increased his daring, and does he mean to play the knave further ? If this be the case, we tell him " 'tis no go !'—a phrase for which he will find no suitable word in his own language, and which ho will be necessi tated to learn, like most other good things, by ex perience. The first broadside he receives from our British Navy he might regard as the inaugural lesson in " Saxon Synonyms." The closing paragraph or this extraordinary Manifesto is a piece of sheer blasphemous assump tion— the very quintessence of falsehood and hy pocrisy—the crowning act of Russian perfidy and rascality. After stating the case between both Powers in as false a light as it could well be represented—having taken cre dit for a policy which he did not pursue—for vir tues which he did not possess—for good faith whioh he violated—this arch-hypocrite solemnly conjures the ALMIGHTY " to bless his hand and his arms in so holy a cause !" and positively profanes the language of DAVID by adopting it as his own : " In. to Domine speravi, non Confundar in aternum." If this be not enough to damn NICHOLAS in the eyes of all the civilized world, we know not what is. He it was who first flung down the gauntlet— and now after humbugging the Four Powers for six . months together, strengthening, in the meantime, his armies of occupation in the Turkish territory,— he comes out with a Declaration of War ! and no longer conceals his direct intentions. War a outrance is his arrogant and ambitious policy He had hitherto provoked it. He next professed anxiety to avert it. He now calls for it. Then, " GOD defend the Right !" Oun local taxes on bread to which we directed attention in the NORTHERN DAILY TIMES of Satur day is one of those glaring commercial anomalies which belong more to the days of Gog and Magog, than to the present era. In treating of such sub jects we are bound, in justice to parties, to trace out the true source from whence such evils take their date and assume the force of mischief. That certain predilections influence the thoughts and actions of those who preside over our local affairs no one will pretend to deny, and the past and cur rent history of this Borough may be fairly cited to show that in ascribing to the dominant party the existence of the iniquitous imposts which effec t the prices of both grain and flour in our market, we did no more than was necessary to lay the blame on the right shoulders. Apart altogether from political considerations, however, the injurious effects of heavy Dock dues and other excessive charges on produce shipped to this port are so unmistakeable that we shall not cease to agitate the abrogation of one, and the remodeling of the other, until we see both placed on a rational and commercial basis. If the Birkenhead Dock Company have so managed the capital employed in the construction of their Docks as to be able to calculate on a dividend from their, dock charges against ships, and without dema n d ing exorbitant dues on cargo, the fact simply shows that the capital expended by the Liverpool Dock Committee has not been employed with a due re gard to the real interests of our port, or with the same commercial views, and that their enormous expenditure is but the beginning of the end, of a bad and reckless principle. - The Dock accommodations at Birkenhead are by no means inferior to those on this side of the river, and yet they can afford to admit millions of quar ters of wheat and flour free of Dock charges, and to cart and warehouse them at one-third the charges demanded in our Docks. And what is still more astounding they can insure merchandise against the risks of fire, for one-third the rates of insurance demanded in Liverpool. Now as we do not believe in the existence of witchcraft among the good people of Birkenhead, we are not a little puzzled to find a sound and legitimate reason on which to found a belief, that by proper management the Dock Committee could not accomplish all that lies within the reach of our near neighbours. The dynamics involved in the elucidation of the phe nomena of railways, or steam navigation are matters much easier to comprehend, than that profound inuendoism which- surround all questions con nected with the . propriety of reductions in charges On those matters the butcher, baker, grocer, and tailor, are all perfect Chancellors of the Exche quer. Spectacles, ready reckoners, receipts for taxes, church rates, lighting, water, and police, are all brought out to explain the innumerable pros -and cons in favour of a slight advance or excess of charge. The utmost show of respect for the pockets of their customers seldom answer, however, for more than the purpose of the moment. The excessive charge is paid, but the payee takes care to remove his custom to some cheaper shops. And this we are inclined to believe will be the case with shippers to this port. Short of a grave necessity, such as the convenience merchants feel in having their ships close to their counting-houses and stores, nothing will keep shippers from availing themselves of the advantages offered to them on the other side of the Mersey. The fact of making a necessary demand for the conveniences afforded by a public trust, or laying a heavy tax on the mere trade necessities of the mercantile community, is not a system which redounds to the wisdom or justice of its pro pounders. The funds placed at the disposal of the Dock Committee, are to be expended, as we have before contended, for the public good. And if they are disbursed in any way which requires the payment of heavy imposts on the first neces saries, of life, we say, distinctly, that the expenditure which has taken place on such hypothesis is open to the most serious objections. A local tax upon bread equal to three-fourths of the present duty upon bread-stuffs, swells the tariff to Is. 9d. per quarter. This becomes more and more intolerable in proportion to the wants of the public at large, and if our Dock Authorities reckon on the continu ance of high dock charges, which affect the great masses, because the necessities of a few merchants compelled them to submit to them, they will find themselves most egregiously mistaken. The Trust must be administered for the general good, and the principle which lays down a string of benefits, which are to be derived from a copious catalogue of high imposts, must, in these days of competition and public scrutiny, be abandoned for some other mode of obtaining the object in view. We may be told that we have been losing sight of the vast benefits which the town has derived from the constrnction of Docks and other public works; but such is not the fact. What we contend is, the persons undertaking these works and looking at their magnitude, had no right to proceed on data which embraced heavy dues on articles of general consumption, and to reckon on an enormous revenue from the necessities of the community. This alone, however, has not to be done, but other excessive charges for cartage and .insurance have been added. Here we may be told again that distance regulates the one, and risk the other ; but these are both contingencies which ought to have been foreseen in laying down a great and comprehensive undertaking which was promoted for the public good. It is not enough now to tell us that our warehouses are detached from the Docks, and whatever the distance is we must pay for it. 'After goods have cleared our Docks and are taken for home consumption, the cost of car riage is entirely an other affair; but as long as they remain simply ships cargo, received at the cost of the shipper, there ought not to be one farthing more demanded in the shape of charges, than the payment of the lowest rate of interest on the capital sunk would allow- On the subject of insurance generally, we shall offer a few remarks on a future occasion. THE NEW MAYOR:—Mr. John Buck Lloyd, the new mayor, attended at St. Peter's church yesterday, according to usual custom. There was an unusual attendance of gen tlemen connected with the 'council, and other gentlemen o the town, amounting to about 250. Several parties could not get into the church. The Rev. Rector Campbell preached the sermon, after which a collection was made in support of the Blue School. The British and North American Mail Steam-ship Canada, Capt. Stone, sailed from the Mersey for Boston on Saturday with the usual mails,:a large cargo, and 112 passengers, The Canada was to have sailed at nine o'clock, but in con sequence of the dense fog which prevailed she did not leave the river until four o'clock p.m. SUPPLEMENTARY MUNICIPAL ELECTION FOR MANCIIES TER.—On Wednesday next will take place the election of a Councillor for All Saint's Ward, in the place of Mr Robert Barnes, who has been elected an Alderman, and on the same day an election for Collegiate Church Ward will take place in the room of Mr. Abealeywood, who on Wednesday was promoted to the rank of Alderman. SUPPLEMENTARY MUNICIPAL ELECTION FOR SALFORD. — On Thursday next the election of a Councillor for Trinity . Ward will take place in room of Mr. Marsden, elected alderman. CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAILWAY.—TraffiC for the week ended 6th November, 1853.—Railway,(includinc , ° Car narvon traffic), £3,672 7s. Id. St eam B oats, £423 7s.Bd. Total—£4,o9s 14s. 9d. Corresponding week last year— Railway £2,923 Is. 11d. Steam Boats, £256 14s. ld. Total—£3,l79 16s. IncreaseL-L915 18s. 9d. HOLYHEAD.—The Compeer, schooner, of Salcombe, from Liverpool to St. Michael's, was assisted into the harbour on the 2nd instant, in a sinking state, and with rudder un shipped, having struck on the Harry Furlongs Reef during the night of October 31st. LORD POIVIS.—We have an opportunity of knowing that the Earl of Powis, at his recent rent receipts in Shrews bury and Montgomeryshire, generously returned his tenan try ten per cent. The noble earl has also given orders to advance the workmen's wages on his several estates, in con consequence of the increased price of provisions. POTATOES.—Within the last fortnight the potato disease has greatly extended in the neighbourhood of Garstang. SHOAL OF HERRINGS.—During some weeks past More cambe Bay has been densely filled with herrings, and some of the boats from Fleetwood have succeeded in taking at one "catch," as many as ten thousand. PASSENGERS PER ROYAL MAIL STEAM SHIP ASIA. Count de Rottemond, Countess de Rottemond ; Mrs. Anthony ; Miss M. Monroe ; Mr. Grosser ; Mrs. Robe, child, and servant ; Mrs. Billbrough, three children, and nurse ; Miss E. Billbrough ; Messrs. Cunliffe, J. Firkin, McLean, W. H. Gordon, Johnston, Markwald, W. Pun, Drew, G. 31. Murray, F. R. Loomis, F. Krepp, Cox, J. S. McMaster, Cheeres, Bell, Ellwell, W. F. Turner, F. Thomas, J. L. Alfonso ; Miss Carlet on ; M r . V an db urg ; Deputy Commissary General Carpenter, Lady, two children, and servant ; Judge Carleton ; Mrs. Carleton ; Mr. W. B. Taylor; Mr. Miller; Mr. Pemberton ; Captain Cooper ; Mr. Lorenz ; Mrs. Melbourne and Sister ; Father Van Keeth, and maid servant ; Messrs. J. S. Martin, J. Sauve dra, Jones, Stansbury, Decie, F. Neale, J. R. Sarens ; Miss Farrington ; Messrs. Everett, 0. Mazzin, Barbrier, J. Brown, H. Uri, Flannery, J. Deans. Sixty-six passen ger,_ s and $986,000 in specie. MISS GLYNN'S READINGS FROM SHAKSPERE.—MiSS Glynn read the tragedy of "Sing Lear" at the Concert Hall, on Saturday evening. The Hall was densely crowded, and the audience listened with the deepest attention, only broke by an occasional burst of involuntary applause to the exqui site reading of this singularly gifted actress. Every part in the tragedy was delivered with an effect scarcely less than that of an acted drama. Without either abruptness or dramatic effect, Miss Glynn succeeded in impressing upon the audience a distinct conception of every character. In the sudden and wild malediction into which Lear breaks into in the first act—in his ravings upon the heath amid the storm, and the scenes of exquisite pathos which follows his subsequent meeting with Cordelia, the powers of the actress reached the climax. In the hypocrisy of Edmund, the bitter sarcasims of the Fool, and the truthful tenderness of Cordelia, were not less vividly embodied by the voice of the reader. Miss Glynn was called for at the close of the per formance, and again enthusiastically applauded. THE LATE LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR CHAS. NAPIER.--• A paragraph having lately appeared in sonic of the papers, to the effect that Sir Charles Napier's will had been proved, and the personal estate sworn " under £200,000," it may be right to state that probate was taken out only on Friday week by Lieutenant-Colonel John Pitt Kennedy, joint trustee of the will with Lady Napier, and that, instead of £200,000, the amount was sworn under £20,000. Preparations have been commenced for laying a second line of rails from Bicester to the Claydon junction, on the Bucks Railway. When finished, there will be double lines from Oxford to Bletchley. The premises of Messrs. Lea and Co., white-coopers, St. James's-street, were forcibly entered into last night. I.ast evening a person belonging to the ship . Annie Foster, lying in the B ram l e y-M oore Dock was, during a quarrel, stabbed in sevceal places, and sustained serious injury. THE NORTHERN DAILY TIMES. THE BLACKBURN BOILER EXPLOSION. ADJOURNED INQUEST. IMPORTANT REPORT BY MR. FALRBAIRN, C.E. FROM OUR OWN REPORTER.) BLACKBURN, Saturday Night. Most important evidence was adduced to-day, relative to the over-working of the boiler, which exploded on the 2nd instant, at Mr. Hesketh's weaving-shed, Starkie-street, in this town. Mr. Hargreaves, the coroner, resumed the in quiry in the Court House at ten o'clock this morning. Mr. Backhouse again appeared for the proprietor of the mill, and Mr. Clough for the owners of the adjacent property. Great interest was excited by the proceedings. Mr. Fairbairn, of Manchester,- was examined at great length. His evidence is embodied in the annexed report : I visited this town on Wednesday last, for the purpose of examining into the cause of a boiler explosion which took place at the Eagle Mill, Starkie-street, on the 2nd inst. On my arrival found the whole of the engine -house, cotton-mill, and weaving -shed, a heap of ruins, and the ex ploded boiler lying in the middle of the yard, where it had been removed from a dwelling-house, into which it had been projected by the elastic force of the steam—a distance of 80 yards from its seat. In its progress it had not only blown up a portion of the factory under which it was placed ; which was two storeys high, but it destroyed the whole of the weaving-shed— cleared in itspassage the greater portion of a dwelling house, and finally lodged itself, as stated above, in the interior of a house on the opposite side of the street. In this position it remained until removed by orders from the jury. In tracing the causes of this accident I am relieved from anything approaching to uncertainty, by the fact that the boiler was totally inadequate to the work it had to per form. First. It was 16 feet long, 6 feet 6 inches deep, 5 feet 2 inches wide, and composed of plates tths of an inch thick on the sides and top, and inch thick over part of the bottom. Secondly. It was old, of the waggon shape, and the worst _possible form to sustain severe pressure. Thirdly. It was improperly and injudiciously stayed, reposing large flat surface to internal pressure. Fourthly. It had an exceedingly defective safety valve, and generally, it was totally unsuited in strength and form to work a non-condensing and high pressure steam engine. With the permission of the jury, I will explain the reasons why I consider this boiler should never have been used for such a purpose, with so high a working pressure as 35 lbs. on the square inch. This is probably the lowest pressure that a non-condensing engine can be worked at with anything . like effect, certainly not with economy, and although it is stated that one of Smith's indicators was attached to the boiler; these are not to be depended upon, unless kept clean and frequently ad justed by the best of all tests, a mercurial guage-35 lbs. might be the guage pressure—but it is more than probable, from the reason assigned, that the pressure at which the boiler was worked, was 40 lbs or upwards. Ido not mean to assert that this was positively the case, but I think I shall be able to show that with all its defects, the boiler did not burst with less than 45 or 50 lbs. pressure on the square inch. The weakest parts of this boiler were the flat ends, only kths thick, which contained an area of nearly 28 square feet, and their only support was a single longitudinal stay in the middle. Now this stay, which was of wrought iron 11 inches square, had to sustain a tensile strain at a working pressure of 35 lbs. to the inch, of 26 4 1 tons, minus the stiff ness or resistance of the plates, for which I have allowed 41 tons. On this computation we have 26.5 tons--4.5 tons —22 tons, as the actual strain upon the longitudinal stay. Now our best bar-iron will sustain a force of 22 to 24 tons to the square inch ; and as this stay—which is none of the best—had to sustain a pressure of 11 tons, it was beyond the point of elongation, but within the limits of its ultimate strength. s t fm r o e r ng t h w i o t f h t h t h e e s t a e y n s d ; s , t h b e u s et partsfrom t a h p e p e increased e The other parts of the b o il er , suc h as th e s id es, are equally d nn ef m ec b ti e v r e an i d n better calculated to resist internal pressure. There were eight transverse stays in the length of the boiler, four immediately above the crown or curved part of the bottom, and four more above; a littlebelow the diameter of the arched top. These stays, as well as the longitudinal ones, were rivetted to the sides and ends of the boiler by plates bent in the form of a trough, and the stays were fixed into them with cotters in the usual way. On each of the sides the pressure may be taken at 204 tons, and assuming the stays to be equally divided, they would have to sustain a tensile strain in the ratio of the area of the spans into which they were respectively divided; but as these spans were unequal the result would be a variable strain upon each. Again, the upper stays which formed the chord line of the circular top would be subjected to con siderably more strain than the bottom ones, and having also to sustain the curved plates along the bottom by the diagonal stays, it is evident that a variable strain of not less than 18 to 20 tons must have been acting upon them, or about 10 tons to the square inch, leaving only one ton per square inch under the force to which the longitudinal stay was subjected, iu resisting the preaeure upon the thto. If we take this part of the construction with all its de fects, and want of proportion, it will be found to contain little or no greater powers of resistance than the flat ends, which had only one stay ; and this fact leaves the question as to which of the stays was the first to yield as matter of doubt. This, however, is of no great moment, as the results would have been the same in either case, namely the rupture of the boiler by tearing the sides from the ends next the engine, and hence followed the destruction which ensued. This ap pears to be the case, as a considerable portion of the boiler had approached the cylindrical form, the natural result of an equable and uniform force from within. With things in this state, with the force applied on the one hand, and the powers of resistance on the other in direct an tagonism (if I may use the expression), it appears that the lives of every one employed in the walls, or within reach of the influence of this explosive vessel, were, and , had been for years, suspended by a thread, which the least change of pressure might in a moment cut asunder. That moment arrived on the morning of the 2nd inst., and fortunate it was that the catastrophe occurred at a time when the people were at breakfast, or a greatly increased number of sufferers might have been added to the list. Looking at the ruins, and the position in which the boiler was found after the explosion, I am of opinion that the end next the steam-engine was the first to give way ; that an active fire was under the boiler when the engine was standing, and the only escape for the steam was through a valve 1e inches diameter. Now this valve was totally insufficient to relieve the boiler from the rapidly increasing pressure which, for some time previous to rupture, had been taking place in the boiler. That pressure, it is now well known, from some carefully conducted experiments recently made, progresses in a fear fully accelerated ratio ; and we cannot be too careful, under such circumstances, in ascertaining with certainty that the safety valves are not only efficient, but at least of nearly double capacity to the generative powers of the boiler, and in good working condition. Unfortunately, such indis pensable precautions had never been attended to in this instance, and the result was, the rupture of the far end of the boiler, which was torn from the sides and bottom ; and the steam acting . with a force equivalent to the pent-up pressure, forced it from its seat with the velocity of a projectile, and cleared walls, roofs, and everything before it. The end was thus carried in the direction of the steam engine and chimney ; it was forced clean through the engine -house, and ultimately landed in a candle-maker's yard, on the opposite side of the building. The boiler itself and the other flat end—also torn from the sides and bottom—were projected in the opposite direc tion, and ultimately landed, after clearing all obstructions before them in the very centre of a dwelling-huuse on the opposite side of the street. In these explosions the direction of motion, it will be observed, is governed by a line passing through the centre of rupture, and the centre of pressure, and in this case the line of the forces appear to have been nearly horizontal, and at the same time as nearly as possible in the centre of gravity. Hence the line' of projection ; which was almost parallel with that of the boiler itself. It would have been a relief to my feelings. if I could have closed this statement without further remark ; but a sense of duty compels me to censure in the severest terms, not only the original construction of this boiler, but the uses to which so imperfect a construction was applied ; and I hope may warn the responsible parties in analagous cases which I fear exist, and wherein the lives of the public are in emi nent jeopardy. It is absolutely indispensable that a careful inspection should at once be made, either by these parties themselves or by some experienced person fully qualified for such a task. In the performance of the assigned duty, I believe I can not do better in conclusion than repeat the precautions and suggestions which I endeavoured to enforce upon the atten tion of the owners of steam boilers on the occasion of a similar and equally fatal occurrence, at Riga-street Man chester. The suggestions are as follsws : Ist. Boilers should not on any account be placed under buildings where people are employed, 2nd. Every boiler should be constructed of sufficient strength to resist not less than five or six times its working pressure ; and every boiler should be proved by hydraulic presses to double it s intended working pressure. 3rd. Every boiler should have two safety valves, collec tively equal to one and a half times the area of the steam pipe, on the computed generative power of the boiler ; one of these valves to be under lock and key, and so arranged as to render it impossible to increase or diminish the load. 4th. The-proprietor or some authorised person to inspect the state of the boiler and valves once a month, every time the boiler is cleaned, and to record the same in a book kept for that purpose. For the last sixty years this has been the custom in Cornwall, where steam of high elastic force is in general use. All the engines and boilers of that district are under the control and supervision of competent persons. Monthly returns are given of the duty performed by each engine, the quantity of fuel consumed. and by constant care and attention to the state of the boilers and machinery, a great saving is effected, and accidents,•such as boiler explo sions, seldom, if ever, occur. It is not for me to give an opinion as to whether inspectors should be appointed by government or the local authorities. I only mention the fact that I consider such an appointment imperative, in order to ensure greater security to the public. Lastly. Careful management and attention to the feeding apparatus, and all the requisite water, mercurial guages, indicators of pressure, &c., which, being carefully registered and recorded, will lead to the best results. Manchester, November 12th, 1853. Mr. Fairbairn added: —This morning I again looked over the centre stays and found many of them defective ; and I am now inclined to think that the cross-stays were the first to give way, because the boiler has taken a cylindrical shape —the form which nature would give it under severe pres sure. I have no reason to suppose that the boiler was short of water, but think the accident arose entirely from excessive pressure. It is impossible to say what that pressure might have been, but from the facts already stated as to the ulti mate strength of the boiler, it must have been considerably above 35 lbs. upon the square inch. I have no doubt there are many other boilers in the manufacturing districts work ing in an equally dangerous manner. With respect to this particular boiler, I am strongly inclined to think the safety valve had not been•looked at for some time, and having got fast, caused the explosion. But had it been otherwise, I have no doubt that an explosion would have occurred sooner or later, in consequence of the boiler being worked at so high a presiure. I don't attach blame to any particu lar person, except so far as to say it was injudicious to have such a boiler. I think the proprietors of the mill ought to have consulted some competent person, to ascertain whether the boiler was safe or not. I don't think they would have employed such a boiler had they been aware of the danger thereby incurred. The boiler was never fit to be applied to a high pressure engine. lam of opnion that a great number of these accidents arise from ignorance of the properties of steam. In this case the person in charge of the boiler may have erred either from ignorance or carelessness. I under stand that the engine had been started about three minutes when the explosion took place. That is the very time when these accidents usually occur. There is a disturbing cause the moment you start the engine. Although you might suppose that starting the engine would relieve thx boiler of pressure, yet there is an impulsive motion then given which would rather increase the pressure than otherwise. Mr. Backhouse : If the fireman had left the fire-hole doors open during the breakfast hour, when the engine was not running, would not that have rendered the generation of steam less rapid than if he closed the doors ? Witness ; Yes, most assuredly. By opening the doors, you let in a large quantity of cold air, which keeps down the temperature of the furnace. By Mr. Clough : It is absolutely necessary that the valves should be in good working order to carry of the surplus steam. If that precaution were always taken, many of these accidents would be avoided. It is the duty of the engine tender to s!e that the safety-valves, water and steam gauges, and all the apparatus connected with the boiler are in working condition and in good repair. Previous to leaving the court, Mr. Fairbairn kindly re turned a cheque for ten guneas tendered to him on account of expenses, to be given in aid of a subscription for the friends of the deceased and the sufferers by the explosion. Wm. Harwood examined : Was employed as a ware houseman at the loom-shed of Wm. Hesketh, witness's son in-law. The deceased, Edward Sharpies, was considered a very good driver of an engine, but was sometimes rather faulty. Witness had twice complained of Sharpies starting the engine before the usual time. The first time, on being asked the reason of this, Sharpies replied, " I've got my steam too high, and was forced to start." Witness replied, " You ought to have more sense; you'll be killing yourself, or somebody else." To this he rejoined, " Well, I have but once to die." Five or six weeks ago, witness again com plained to Sharpies, of his having started the engine before the proper time. Witness said, a You ought to have more sense than to do in this manner, for you are only burning coals to the benefit of nobody." Did not recollect that Sharpies made any reply. When in the employ of Mr. Swithenbank, several years ago, Sharpies had a trick of allowing the steam to get too low in the boiler. On one occasion, he allowed the boiler to become nearly red hot, and the mill had to be stopped while it was put right. He was ultimately discharged by Mr. Swithenbank for being found drunk upon the boiler. Robert Hyde, boiler maker, deposed to repairing the boiler about three week s ago . Th e ang l e i ron was cra k e d at the front end of the boiler and part of a front plate, about 22 inches long, was rosted away. There were also leakages in the boiler. Thomas Lee, foreman at Mr. Yeates's foundry, examined : The boiler was upwards of 15 years old and had been' re paired five or six times within the last five or six years. Believed it was made at Mr. Yates's foundry. Had re peatedly remarked to both Hesketh and Sharples that the boiler was worked at too high pressure. According to the indicator it was generally 35 lbs. to the square inch.. On one occassion about four or five weeks ago, the pressure was 371bs. Heard Hesketh tell Sharpies that there was no ne cessity for working the boiler aboAe 321bs. Sharpies re plied that he liked to have plenty of steam on. There was danger in working the boiler at the pressure : A ne w b o il er had been ordered to replace the old one. By Mr. Clough The boiler wee in pretty fair condition for an old boiler, Never saw the indicator at 401bs. By Jurors.—l should think 201bs. would be the extent of pressure at which such a boiler as that at Heskeths might be worked. Dont't know any boiler of that description working at so high a pressure as 201bs. or 151bs. The general pressure for a boiler of that kind is 101bs. or 121bs. The boiler was very strong. I understand it was made to bear 251bs. It was a low pressure form of boiler, but they used to make high pressure boilers in the same way. Thos. Soxham—Was formerly engine-tender at the Eagle mill. Whilst he was there, he thought the pressure at which the boiler was worked did not exceed 241bs or 251bs. to the inch. The boiler was well stayed, and he did not think there was any danger in working it at that pressure, because the steam would blow off at the safety if it got too high. John Rushtou—Was engine-tender for Mr. Hcsketh about fifteen months since. There was no indicator to the boiler at that time, but witnessed judged by the safety valve that .he worked it at a pressure of 201bs. or 251bs. By a Juror—Tliis valve (produced) was the blow valve. The safety valve had been already taken off, a blank flange put on, and the boiler worked by an indicator. The " blow valve" which remained would not blow off unless it were opened by the attendant, because it was weighed down by two bricks attached to a lever, in addition to an iron weight. George Wilson, weaver, deposed to hearing Mr. ilesketh tell Sharpies ,one day, about a fortnight before the explo sion, that the steam was too high, he had previously ex amined the indicator. Six o'clock having arrived, the inquiry was adjourned un til Tuesday next. FOREIGN HARBOUR DIFFICULTIES. We have received the following communication, which we willingly insert : For the Benefit of all whom it may concern. - Ricninucro, N. 8., Oct. 10th, 1853. We, the undersigned, ship-masters, beg leave to acquaint the public of the present state of Richibucto Harbour. The entrance to the port is impeded by a Sand-Bar, about 3, miles from the town of Liverpool. It is stated in the sailing Direction Book for this coast, that the depth of water on the bar is 132 feet at low, and 172 feet at high water spring tides. We find that vessels drawing 12 feet of water have been detained several weeks for want of suffi cient water on the bar. The tides are more or less influenced by winds. As the entrance is exposed to heavy gales from the north-east, it has occasioned a decrease in the depth of water, which is extremely dangerous to vessels drawing above 12 feet when loaded, as they must complete their lading outside of the bar, riding in an open sea! so that if it blows a north-east gale a vessel must unavoidably go on shore—it is almost impossible to escape. There are no less than ten wrecks at the entrance of said harbour, if not more. We would recommend masters of vessels not to load to a deeper draft than 11 feet 9 inches, to insure their going over the bar at high-water springs. Another danger is, when outside with rafts of timber or deals alongside, that it often occurs the last tiers of the rafts are lost, in consequence of the heavy swell that a north-east breeze occasions, which separates the tiers and then go adrift. Several of the undersigned have been waiting for a con venient spring-tide since the 3rd of .September last, having discharged cargo to a draft under 12 feet 3 inches, whilst vessels of a smaller draft have come in, loaded, and sailed. On or about the 25th September, several of said vessels went over with difficulty, one of them, Elizabeth Grange, took ground on the bar, and had to discharge part of the cargo. On the 29th, four of the above-mentioned vessels, with an inward-bound ship (the Albion), were riding outside, when a heavy north-east storm drove four—viz., the British vessels Albion, Elizabeth Grange, brig Adelaide, and the Norwegian barque Fadresmindes—on shore, and are now total wrecks. We would, therefore, recommend ship-owners to take into consideration whether it is profitable to send vessels here of a greater draft than previously mentioned. We are all aware that " time is money," and expenses incurred by detention in port soon deduct a portion of freight; and we would say, if assurance associations were to consider the loss they are subject to, they would demand of the province of New Brunswick some improvement to the harbour, if it could be made. We have not the least doubt but it could, by having two, or even one steam-engine employed in deep ening the channel during the season, and we think that the expense incurred by said boats might be alleviated by the trifling charge of halfpenny per ton register on every vessel frequenting this harbour. We conclude, by trusting you will pass by all errors we may have committed in this badly expressed but true assertion. Gentlemen, we remain, a few of the many that complain of tie disadvantages of this port. Here follow the signatures. La' MONETARY AND 0011111E110-- NO. LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY ENrre'stera Ourscotton market closed steadily J ed afternoon, and now that the advices rece_ .4 lv u gy America fully confirm the reports P le oo ceived respecting the frosts which ha ve g isti in the Southern States, a considerable aP ec . n. demand may be looked for as almost certa Les , sales on Saturday amounted to 5, 000 7 ia tios which 1,000 were taken for export and sP ee .A The Liverpool share market opened W. 1 ;0 little activity, but improved towards the aft e and closed with considerable firmness. t i o n In Manchester, the continued comphe e . tt y the Eastern quesfion—with the unc ertain events which it entails, operates most unfa vc t, on the markets, which continues to increase.,:es ness, and so little business is doing that P rl c ,f not adequately tested to give true quotation.siero markets. Some spinners . will accept con slu es ( less than others, just in proportion to thei r t e pr ral ments. The firm attitude of the raw 0 1 much against producers of good qualities o c o; in low and middle numbers, and man)' are . re to# templating going on short time, as they working to a loss, instead of a profit. By the Royal Mail steamship Asia, oi.!, rived in the Mersey this morning, we ar e / session of private advices to the 2nd instaut•dor Asia brings •66 passengers , and 986, 00° .0rke ; , in specie. She reports the 4rctic at Nev.,,iyie`, the 29th, and the City of Manchester at r' i d phia on the 30th ult. She also passed the steamship about twenty hours' sail from 11°1 ;0, The commercial advices by this arrival are peel' was The crisis in the New York money " - , p ecl' was felt in all its intensity. The banking P u rt .: l - e 01: were said to be anything but bright; svPribe 4 stock market remained perfectly inactive. the mand for exchange for remittance by 1 45 - 1; was not active, and the latest quotatr London were not firm at 109- to 1 0 ni; American "e bankers are, just as we an ti c ipated time since, becoming shippers of gold to fiy. with but little refe r ence t o th e course of eS e tie btl. and against which they have d rawn but In the Corn-market, a great advance ioq' took place on the arrival of the .eireti ts e ' m cel' i ! advices taken out by that vessel, m ust, P" th e give place to those since gone out, w hich, l ! t` turn, will produce another reaction. meantime, Wheat is said to have attained ;;;,ee rates than for the last six years. Prime a e ," - .o' sold as dear as 167 cents ; .Mi c higan, 1 6 ' ' 4 , some select parcels - from Canada at 1 64 ,),;" Flour brought 6 dollars 75 cents. Frelic ic e Europe were very firm, which gave confid e '6 o o the . export calculations in breadstuffs. e o, moved steadily, with a tendeney to fir' prices. The export value of the late crop' was was given on official data at 109,646,357 d° l a, under the general calculation by about 40, dollars. Yesterday in London the English stock n wore a most extraordinary aspect, the acili:of rumours from the East, and the actual pr''' 6 0 1 the war in Wallachia, with the dogged obly of the Russian Emperor, all augur unfavoul l any renewal of peaceable relations. The report is again freely circulated thatcrie ment will be called together at an early 0 deliberate on the measures necessary to ' b e t. which seem to be undecided in the Cabi ue e eg, another time the various adverse influe il t e work, . and the gloomy character of the 1 3 : 6 ' horizon would have sent Consols down to ro c Di owing to the great abundance of money, c ° 001 3 i. with the "bearish " nature of the account, v a t he kept up beyond the price to which die/ he fairly entitled under present circu°, 4 s o' Consols opened at 94 to 4. for money, an hero . ntt y cio9 e 2 t icl t tvc l o i eo e lu.9 : 3ni c u. ; I foi the 6th December, lathough there ~,i ld e.! few fluctuations, many purchases being, "" 0 , k ll both9 o l3 4 p e l e nn andmoney steady a a d 9 t y 34 9s a a, b N se e q i n v e 3 n i tly pe b r e c tl e c t o ti " R ed edu fi c r e m d a T t li 2 r:e i .: )I :fr h 94-& 95 and 951; sank Stock has improve' ic eel'oe a rise of Three per cents since this day of, of consequence of the favourable naterkptoe weekly return showing an increased 0 5°, 1 0 6 bullion in its coffers. The general feat' s he ' . ' f the, returns are also favourably regarded. n ee °pa market has been dull to day, in consecitl e wrs 4.. , absence, as usual, of the Hebrew ope, i ftn,te jobbers, the decline is about 10 to 1 i'iric e , - NN Great 8 21; e L ni a , n 2 cTi l dtr9i r 411 MA . a 1 1 d d l a Y f n o l d ° r s Yorkshire' s f 6 ; 1 1 6 ' : :: a : ; 14 1 ° l l terns,souti, LonclOiNeter - WA94 , , . T. 72-, 4. , 6, i - Newcastle and Berwick, 16 to t; York 9 ' ll lo ll o Midland, 23t 24. Branch Shares were,e Aug , ported, California mines kept up, but t' ~c a rit i Ilan Land Company's and miscellaneou s 5- t , ar The p ape heavy. ai l II ers and letters by the overland - mLiogsi' been received. The exchanges were Pi'' .___ _ China—at Canton Os., Shanghae 7s. ria, A Great Exhibition was to open at Ba, the 10th October. The Straits papers 13 ' 3- w Indian Government for allowing so val ll3 blel" opportunity to pass of obtaining indispa"",of tb formation of the products and re source! o pe v Northern lands of India, by not appointillg ect itl more competent parties to represent the 1 -lleeli! of India, for the purpose not only of e () 4 1P; information, but to encourage these e0 1 ° 11 ; ( 45, national displays of the industry and pre',.: that large portion of the Indian Archipelag" $ ( B ,, the dominion. of Holland. Our China fil es g l . the 28th September; the shipping at Slli - to 0 :, amounted to 14,653 tons, at Amoy 2, 85 4 t",, Whampoa 22,376 tons, Hong Kong 21,0 elf r j The total quantity of mercantile shipping in China, exclusive of those in Macao, tr 61,000 tons, against 57,000 tons atlastreP ° " . o6 l i Deogaum was loading at Whampoa, and tll e hi , at Shanghae, for Liverpool, The Nerbud o Cork, sailed September Bth. At Shanghae, was at a stand still, owing to the outbrea t 'V 1,100,000 pounds of all ki n d s of tea had b e ; 00; ported from Ist July to September 21st, 11, more than tenth that quantity at the sam e ,V ti,j last year. The Americans had been pmt s 7 largely in green tea. In raw silk the exlv 3r been 15,500 bales against 13,700 last seasee:d At Singapore the Plantaganet was loaal'e'rev, Liverpool, exchanges on England 6 to 8 f 1, 1, 4 bills, ss. 4d, ; freights to London or Liverpe,,,dirj, £3 2s. to £3. 55.. The Euphrates and 1 1 '" e0 6 , 7 Kersa had arrived from Liverpool with y cargoes. The money market was very tigh t ', toi The Ceylon papers report the coffee erer, tt ea f smaller than usual, the deficiency is estia l} e ll a j 40,000 cwt. The prospects for next year fl oi iir;j, ever stated to be good. The Legislative ,9 has been debating an amended Insolven cy and an assessment Tax-bill. il3 l The want of rain throughout the greater of the North-west Provinces of India, has I:, tilo many districts to the verge of famine. I: ll `f.ft!'i periodical rains ceased about• the middleuea instead of lasting to the end of August. . t ) season crop has therefore been entirely los t ifil o f least favoured districts, and we are threate n 0 d tjti a repetition of the appalling scenes of 1 83 o accounts from Agra, Gwalior, Hissar, an, he place are very distressing, and unless weather rains set in earlier than usual, fai.li eit t;i lt prevail throughout the land. Already NV , ' l ,, fa d grain are selling at Delhi at 22 seers for ta' f io e and in the. neighbourhood of Allyghur the P , 1 1 grain has risen to 15 seers. tt 4 ' The Governor General remains at Cal e l j it is thought that recent melancholy ev e itt t ie render necessary his Lordship's presen ce /0P North- - west Provinces, and perhaps on th e hl , itself. The Commander-in-Chief is at In the general business of the port of - 1- ' o ,t,i,'ol during the past week, there has been much A O?, L'c particularly in some branches of trade, tli' o V i e f having considerably increased. The il li c et tf ol vessels reported inwards was 307, by all i11 , 0 ,0 0 /0 1 , 117 over the previous week. The total (I ,.. t it 't 0) ( 00 grain imported is more than double t'-` O l l,l previous week, being 76,955 quarters, lo re 0 0; 49,472 quarters of wheat. In addition ,s'ffte.teil 6,394bafTels of American, and 6,40 8 sa ek ! e v reP e i r te il o and Spanish flour. Of sugar there w el s ks ; e ct A 11,341 bags, 1,132 hogsheads, and 289 1 1 ,70 1 1, 4 17,110 packages; of coffee 508 bags , a11,`, 10 no t o ol and cases ; and of hops 867 bales. dl 9 of vessels cleared outwards was 125, be ll " sot than the previous week. tati°ll6Put' The following are the latest g lo b 0 , Bourse, Amsterdam, November llt 3 SP ei . a irl° 6 ; 921; 2i ditto, 16 15-16; 1 Spain, 6 21 140 P 1 6 9 4, terior, 441 ; ditto, Coupons, 5 L ose , C tii A 6 l ; tr N ia e n vi A M le e ta xi i 1 18 1 ; American Bank, 31-; Cha n g 11-65. j a ci n u , e 2 s 3 , ,;76N 6P:gertnlei r e t ass hal