The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-02-24 00:00:00

Ely Rib en. UESDA With this public tanbarb FEB. 24 ice the year of our proprietorship of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD; and it is with feelings of a pleasura ble nature that we address ourselves to the duty of acknowledging our sense of obligation and grati tude to that kind public, by whose support and confidence, bestowed upon us in an increased and ng measure, we have been cheered in our labours during the past twelve months. Our suc cess during the past year has been all that we could have wished—far more than we could have antici- I we occupy at this moment a higher pated , as compared either with our local contem- s, in circulation, in advertising resources, position cial pr and in influenc I connexion wan this JOurn • t any previous period of our. We hire struggled In our future labours we can only now pledge Ourselves to pursue that cow' of honesty and io.- consistency which has earned for us so large a weed of public approbation. With the expedi ency policy of the present day we have nothing to do. We took up our grounds originally from con viction ; and we have seen nothing to justify us in Upon one point in liar, with respect to which we regret to see wavering, with whom it has hitherto been our privilege to act in concert, we can make no compromise. We cannot afford to swerve from the maintenance of the Protestant principles of the British' constitution, as established by our blessed turning our backs upon a part pride an Drmation, to buy a hollow truce with disaf- fection In conclusion, we can only repeat our poor but heartfelt acknowledgments to our friends and to the public. If the past is any guarantee of the future, our connexion will be cemented by the best endea vours on our part and by continuing kindness on theirs. To the public, whether commercial or ag- ricultural, ar 1 to families especially, we are makin — g which will enable us, we trust, to ieased publicity fo The neN nation and instruction ; and will find in our columns in- favors with which their s from India in our present publication of British valou _ the cost of human life by which that been At present, we Tear, ly great fly it is great in the most important pc the killed will be on of an Indian army. Amongst -.oTet, the honoured en, with r.,, name of t it Robert Sal so rec y an honc 1 guest in our town. Like a died in his harne s," having only escaped the murderous and cowardly assassins of Affghanistan to return to a nobler fate, wreaked by her he the har foe, upon the plains of Lahore t to the Go those means were derived from the land or from wofits in trade, Was "fair and 'equitable. But since profits in trade, or other in- 3 of ratit burden of maintaining the poor, he considers, and we think justly, has fallen too heavily and in a most undue proportion upon real property. The follow ing is:the comparison which he draws between the position of the landowner and the manufacturer. Suppose a large sum of money were invested in the %king of a mill; the calculation which the mill-owner would have to pay to the poor-rate would be in proportion - rateable value of the mill —that not being at the s.-Rs sometimes the case with land; but often E!-half of the rent, as he believed was in Westmorland. That was all which such a person contributed. lie started his mill with an immense at two-thirds nr on e collec 's from t I all th able agricul money, ant retire from business, he might close his mill—it was no longer an occupied building—it paid no rates, and the hun• dreds, or it might be thousands, of work-people that he had employed were thrown back in their age upon agricul . )ntrast that case with the way in which it operated on the farmer had no choice whatever, but must y the men or increase the rates ; and he knew t many farmers in his own part of the country em ployed many more labourers in consequence than the bare economical working of his farm required." (Hear, farmer. 'J either emr With perfect fairness he might have gone further than this. He might have taken the cases of a man who invests his capital of ten thousand pounds in land or real property of any description, and one who embarks it in trade or in the public securities. The former pays poor rates upon four or five hun dred pounds, his entire income, whilst the latter is only called upon to pay rates upon forty or fifty pounds, the rent of the shop in which he carries on his busii .. less or of the house in which he enjoys his dividends. Another oppressive feature in the operation of the poor laws upon the agriculturist is occasioned by the working of the present law of settlement by birth. The manufacturer can have his labour when and for what period he chooses; and when it ceases to be profitable, can throw upon parishes the neces- ity of Sttr _ . arting the labourer until he is again in eis unfettered and irresponsible. The landowner, on the contrary, is rigidly bound, and cannot evade his bond. The labourer can say to him— here I am (in the north of :'zorthumberland, perhaps,) and how can I get there ? I have been removed here by the law of seqlernent, and I must remain a charge upon I have no ney to get back to the The law is therefore an injury both to the agri cultural body and to their labouring poor. It in creases the rates of the former, and it chains the lat- mlsory idleness bray rates 3e contends, press unequa upon th and; whilst the towns, which are thereby connected and benefitted, escape. We cannot, how ever, go the length of admitting with him that the agriculturist derives an inconsiderable benefit from the maintenance of good roads; and do not think, therefore, that his lordship's argument that the pre sent contribution of the farmer to the mainte nance of good reads is a grievance, has been made out. And, again, we differ from him the peculiar pressure of ch he maintains has THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. counting-houses, and proceed forthtvith to "enlikhten even practical men in the science of the cultivation of the soil. Yet, to look at their innocent faces, and template their past lives, spent in adding loom le to spindle, you would not imagine to loom or spine they would know a plough from a flail, or a field of wheat from a field of turnips. Their learning has either come by intuition, or they have been born philosophers. One of these omniscient gentlemen is the quaker member for Durham city—Mr. John Bright. The world has imagined that, for the last twenty years, during which this precocious youth has been im mersed in the cares of cotton-spinning and weaving, in the sweet-smelling and. most enlightened town of Rochdale, he has not had an hour's leisure to direct his mind to the subject of farming. Yet we find him, on a sudden, so perfectly au fait to it in all its details, that, amongst his fellow-townsmen who are acquainted with the extent of his opportunities of learning, we need not be surprised if— " Still the wonder grows That one brnadbrisn can cover all he knows." Draining, hedging, ditching, manures, crops—all are as familiar to John as cotton or Cocker. He detects faulty cultivation of the soil as unerringly as he can detect a broken warp in a piece of his own calicoes, or a hole in one of his own stockings. Towards the opinions of such a man it is a sad proof of human blindness that the world is not dis posed to extend implicit deference. An instance of such recusancy is before us at this moment. A few nights ago, in his speech in the House upon Mr. Miles's amendment to the ministerial propositions, the hon. member took occasion to enlarge upon the bad farming to be met with throughout the county of Chester—a county which, in our school days, we were taught to style, we always presumed from its superior cultivation and fertility, as " the Vale Royal of England." According to Mr. Bright, however, nothing can be much worse than the cultivation of this pattern county. Its farming is slovenly. ,Its land is not made the most of. Under the manage ment of such an agricultural genius as Mr. Bright it would doubtless assume a totally different aspect —deluge Liverpool and Manchester with milk, and glut every market at home and abroad with "prime old Cheshire." It is a pity, we repeat, that the facts and the opinions of such a man are not implicitly swallowed, and there are people in the world so behind the present age as to prefer actual observation and practical knowledge of agricultural pursuits to the intuitive knowledge of cows and sheep, pasture and arable. ploughs and harrows, which can now be picked up in the counting-house of a Rochdale cot ton factory. One of the representatives of Cheshire —Mr. John Tollemache—is afflicted with such old world notions, and has been hardy enough to deli ver himself of the following denial of Mr. Bright's assertion, and vindicate the ability and enterprise of the Cheshire farmers. Mr. Tollemache remarked that— " As the hon. member for Durham, after whom he had risen to Apeak, but in vain, the last night of the debate, gave vent pretty freely to the expression of his opinion on the subject of farming in Cheshire, perhaps he might be allowed, as one of the members for that county, to express his belief that if the hon. geitlemati had had the same ex perience in the cultivation of the soil that he had in the manufacture of cotton goods, not only would he have art rived at a very different conclusion with respect to the state of farming in t le county of Chester, but he would been thoroughly satisfied that, so pressed down inded interest by loctl and general taxation as to tterly impossible for the British farmer to com• fears put forth, of the country not being able to sustain the drain upon its capital for any consider able number of new railways, must have pretty well subsided ; and the extraordinary result of the half-yearly meetings of the companies in operation which are now holding, leave no doubt of the profi table character of railway investments, or of the fact that railways create traffic for themselves, through however unpromising districts they may be formed. It must, however, strike all reflecting men, that the present results have been arrived at without the system having ever been fairly tested. They have been arrived at in spite of the obstinacy and the exactions of board& of directors. It has been proved to the satisfaction of most men—nay, the success of the system itself thus far proves— that with cheap fares come increase of locomotion in an inverse ratio to the reduction, and increased dividends for the proprietors. Yet where have we seen any adequate attempt made, to afford to the public all the benefit and accommodation to which they are entitled, and to railway companies the cer tain results of the full working out of these truly valuable undertakings ? There are exceptions, we admit, but they are not as numerous as they should be. Such a consideration alone, a care for the public interests, which is manifest can be served without the infliction of injury upon individuals or their property, must influence the decisions of parliamen tary committees, and induce them to give full scope to the enterprise of those w' , o are willing to afford the necessary amount of accommodation to all classes at the lowest remunerating rate. By-the-bye, it has never yet been practically shewn what is the lowest remunerating rate of travelling on railways. Thus far we are not aware of an instance in which in crease of profit hat; not followed reduction of charge. for locomotion. The great increase of juvenile crime in the metro polis and the large towns of Great Britain—in the former especially —has long been a subject of serious and painful consideration with all thinking and good men. Many have been the causes assigned for it, and many the remedies proposed. The pressure of the evil in London has however at length become so great, and its existence so obvious, as to call for more vigorous measures ; and at a meeting of noble men and gentlemen, held at the Mansion House on the 14th instant, the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor in the chair, some valuable statistics, accompanied by suggestions for checking the growth of juvenile crime, and providing for the mental, moral, religious, and industrial training of the destitute youth•in the metropolis, and other large cities and towns, were submitted for consideration by the City Solicitor, a portion of which, as equally applicable to the cir cumstances of this town, we shall take the liberty of quoting. Mr. - Pearson deduces, from parliamentary returns and other authentic documents, that whereas in a period of 40 years the population of England and Wales, ten years old, has increased 65 .per cent., the proportionate commitments for crime have increased 494 per cent., and the convictions 625 per cent. The precise increase in juvenile crime, however, can be better estimated from the following paragraph of the Report : " Uutil within the last ten years the returns& not sloe- cify the ages of the prisoners ; but, as by these la ter documents, the number of juvenile criminals, annually convict MELANCHOLY OCCURRENCE.-FIVE •PER SONS POISONED FROM DRINKING WATER FROM A WELL IN WEST DERBY. - Hare and Hounds. in the village of W— est Derby, before Mr. Reyes,- county coroner, on view of the bodies of Jane Gilton, aged 17; her sister, Margaret Gilton, aged 16 ; and their brother, John Gilton, aged 12 years, who resided at a villa house in a lane called Town Row, leading from West Derby to Knotty Ash. Two others of the same family had died previously to the three deceased, namely, on the 15th of the present month the youngest son, Edward Gilton, aged seven years, and on the 17th, Mrs. Gilton, the mo ther, widow of the late Mr. Gilton, printing-ink and IYesterday, an inquest was hel colour manufacturer, formerly of this town. The business had for some years past been carried ott on the pre mises in West Derby. No suspicion was, however, en tertained at first that either of the two had received any poisonous substance into the stomach, and their death was attributed to natural causes. On the following day, however, circumstances arose which led to the suspicion that the water used for culinary purposes and for drinking, was of a poisonous nature. The whole of the inmates of the house had been more or less ill for about three weeks ; the eldest and yet surviving son (aged about 20) being the least affected, he not having been so constantly at home as the other members of the family. The female servant and a nurse were alsc, taken ill. The eldest son de posed to these facts, and stated that about three weeks ago he was employed in making green verditer, an article used by paper stainers, and in colouring; walls. In this preparation he employed blue verditer, and had to use along with it a large quantity of arsenic in order to make it into green verditer. He put the ingredients into a boiler in a shed at some distance behind and detached from the house. Between this shed and the house there is a long building which appears to have been formerly a conservatory or greenhouse, but had been converted into what is now called " the colour-house." In one division or compartment of the colour-house—th nearest to the shed—there was a well with a pump on one side of it. Toe well is about four yards deep, and contains about two yards in depth of water. This well has also a pipe com municating with a pump in the back kitchen, from which the w iter is taken for domestic purposes. It appeared that after the eldest son had made that part of the pre paration containing the arsenic, it had to be ladled into a bucket, carried into the colour-house, and there put into alio- ' ' Lub to coo, _..is was carefully done by a,. Ju rer who was employed on the premises. After being cooled, and the other ingredients added, the liquid on the top re quired to be drawn off, which was done by a syphen-pipe, letting it into a wooden spout which discharged its con- the liquid Ls no evi- Douse anti tne potter snea. Ine oeposi was all that was required in the trade. 1 dente that any of the liquor had been spilt in its traisit, but it is not improbable but some of it has either found its way into the well by the top, Which was only covered with a wooden lid level with the floor; or, - "it may be, that some of the po'sonous liquor had oozed from the sough into the well, between which there is a distance of dest son did not see the arsenic w that the colour required any defi- or eight yards preparation removed was produced, and did no t a ft erwar d s o b s ery ciency in the respective quantities of the ingredients ~ . , The three deceased (on whom the inquest was held) were similarly affected during their illness—with nausea and ng, and the mother had also a sev cough. The 3 from Walton were first attended by a professional a and afterwards by Dr. Garton, of Pr scot, wt them as for malignant fever ; but eventually thinkin b "'Oa 11 .. rticat.r.:tpth was, at his request, called in. On the second visit c these gcntlemen together, both became c the disease was caused by mineral poison, not till then find that there were colour premises. Neither of the three deceased were confined to their beds on Tuesday last, the day on which their uncle arrived. John died on Saturday afternoon, at six o'clock, Jane about three hours afterwards, and Margaret at half-past eleven on Sunday night. The Rev. Mr. Gilron, of Sheffield, brother-in.l leceased Mrs. Gilton, stat, I to West law to ay last he came from Sheff Feb. 24, 1846• LATEST INTELLIGENCE (BY EXPRESS.) The Railway Sub-Committee decided yesterday on the Bost. n, Newark and Sheffi ne, that as far as th° Spalding branch was concerne d 'op standing orders Itsd not been complied with. An objection was taken to another branch of the line, but it was overruled. Sub-Committee No. 2, yesterday decided that in the Lancashire and North Yorkshire, the standing orders had not been complied with. LONDON CORN EXCHAN3E.—YESTERDAY. • The supply of Wheat from Essex, Kent. and Suffolk, Was `gal ,- tremely small this morning ; fine dry sampl es were t a ken re at the prices of this day se'n night, b u t o th ers rema ined unsold late in the day; old and fine free for e i gn are mu ch wanted' In bonded, with the exception of best D an t z i c , w hi c h is sough t after by the millers at previous rates, the re did no t a ppear to . anything doing. Finest malting Barley maintains our quota tions, but inferior is difficult t o di s p ose o f a t Is per q r. lower' Beans are ful:y as (I.:ar ; the value of Peas is unaltered. o . a ` are a dull sale at a decline o f 6d t o I s per quar t er , e xcept fine English Corn, which is scarce. Th e t op pr i ce o f Flour reduced to 535 - per sack. SMITHFIELD CATTLE MA RKET.—Yitsrsanmr. The arrivals of beasts from our own grazing districts fort morning's market were seasonably goo d, an d o f very SuPeal„ort qual ty; indeed, we have seldom seen a b e tt er co l ec ti o n olt" oescriptiou of stock. The weather bei ng un f avou rable for slaughtering, the beef trade was very dull, at a decline in t he quotations of quite 2d. per slbs.—the hi g h es t fi gure f or the e°" , Scots being only 4s. 2d. per 81bs. From Norfolk. Suffolk, Essex, and Cambridgeshire, we re ceived '2OO Scots, homebreds, and short-horns ; from th e northern counties, 400 short-horns; from the western and mid land districts, tioo Herefords, runts, Devous, &c.; from other parts of England, 250 of various breeds; and from Scotland, 8 Scots. The numbers of sheep were again very small, yet the mutton trade was excessively dull, at barely, but at nothing quotable beneath, last week's prices. Prime small lambs'were steady at 78. per Sibs. In calves scarcely any business was transacted, at the J$ The po, k trade was firm, and prices were well supported SHARE MARKET -YESTRRDA The share market is steady. but in a somewhat languid condi' tion. Prices do not show much variation; but Trent Valleys and Direct Northerns are rather in request; the former ha!! been done at 25} and the latter at 21 to 2lpm. Brightons, 69*. Do. Consolidated Eastern and Dover, castle and Berwick, ; Eastern Counties, '''`.••—p /A; le6; SoUtb 21k; Do, 6i; Nevi- 2, and je set lation to April is ito i per cent. The luer Bills has been 375., and on India Bonds er Cents have been WI to 93, and the 3 Per Bank Stock is heavy at 209&. tling day, and the cont rernium on Ex The New 3, Cents 96} to 9 BIRKENHEAD COMMISSIONERS kn adjourned meeting of this Board was held last even' at the Board-room, Hamilton-square. Present—W. Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. J. H. Green, Gil bertson, Worner, Adamson, D. Appleton, W. Laird, W. Cole, Potter, and Pike. In Jackson The minutes of the last meeting, held on the 15th in stant, having been read, which were merely to the effect that the Board be adj )urned until the 23d instant. for the purpose of receiving the report of the Health Commit' tee on the subject of certain clauses to be introduced into the Improvement Bill, respecting the construction Of fire-proof warehouses, The CHAIRMAN said the meeting was held for the ply ,rd, and he called on Mr. Townsend to report of the co Mr. TOWNSEND then read a brief report, recom mending a number of clauses being sent to the Law Clerk (Mr. M3llaby), to be introduced into the bill. The hy, but were not eared very . let The CHAIRMAN enquired whether the powers sought for would give the commissioners the control of the warehouses to be erected by the Dock Warehousing Coal- killed, a i regiment ti a aural s wounded, but w a who ar Dada Political officers ki ljor G Bengal I as no aptain F erset, Milit a ry St Colonel N. Wnllac Artillery troop Ist brigade brigade; C Lieut Her M E. C( net G He Capts. V. K.Brine, Cornet Foot. Majesty7a r J. F. Fie Ma ptain Geor :ut:Alfied A. S pt. W. 6: NI istant. .-111ajlr Gen W. Hore ary to G it Dral Col. A ; Liu Charles Ed Her Mai is de Can- , Lieut. R. W. Hart !jt. Georg Kelly, Lieut. Her mcki—tv,. R. St Lieut Go 2d R Armstir 12th 1 H. Burnett. 24th Regiment N.I Lieut. G 26th I well, Li( Lieut. Jas. G riv Guard --Killed : : Lieut are awe only t expected to her Majesty' Uaptain ns, Aide Major F. Som. y to Governor General; Lieut igadier,) 73 British Ipfantry. _ —Killed,—Major D'Arcy Todd, H.A:, 2d Captain Dasliwood ,A. H Ist troop Ist A., Lieut. P. Lambert,H.A. H .A. ljesty's 3d Light Dragooas.L-Killed, Capt. J, Captiin G.Jsrewton, Cornet Edw. Worley,Cor _ ed, Captain J. Dunne, tain John Owen ut. Octavious Carey, —Killed, Major Baldwin T,ieut. J. Brench Dn , C. B.(not expected to live) ', Dr. Graydon, Lt Capt. G. H. Clarke, Michael d, six officers son (not certain 73d R t N.I.—K illed 61 ; v Artillery two companies, - - Ist European L 17 Regiments al Infant .. 24,000 and Deduct two Regime Miner The debate on Monday night, upon Lord Beau- mont's motion for a select committee " to inquire into the burdens on real property, and the impedi ments to agricultural transactions, caused by the present system of excise duties, poor laws, and local taxation," has brought before us facts which place in a very string light the unfavourable circumstances under which the British agriculturist is called upon to enter into a competition with the foreigner, as compared with those under which the manufacturer is prepared to submit to the same ordeal. We have never gone the whole length of those who maintained that the landowner and the farmer were unduly burdened, even taking into account the protection which the corn law gave, as a set-off against such burdens. But it is clear that the withdrawal of all protection will render it, im peratively necessary that a fresh and more equal dis tribution of taxation should be made, and the pres sure upon the cultivator and the owner of the soil should be materially lightened, to enable them ,with any fair chance to sustain the competition to which they are about to be exposed. Lord Beaumont does not complain of the pres sure of strictly local taxation, such as the rating of the land for draining, for sewerage, or for a rural police. Where the benefit of such rating, sewer age, or police, is confined to particular localities, he concedes the justice of such localities being made to bear the cost. But taxation for the maintenance of the poor, he contends, presses very unequally, and much to the injury of the agriculturist, as compared with other classes of the community. The original mode of raising this tax, as contem plated by the act of Elizabeth, by which every man was made to pay according to his means, whether t no longer operates as a discour- agement to improved cultivation, but it is none the less a burden for having become a fixed one. Its amount is part of the extra weight which the British ign grower of corn. Upon this sub-. he forcib!e illustration of Lord et we may quot imposition of ti Isg corn, he (Lord Stanley) hould be, built in a certain Minn was imposed upon . the owner of that it the one-tenth part of every - piece of cotton pro ) that mill (or, his Lordship might have added a arty sum in commutation) should go as a payment ate—the question was, did not that burden add to idle in the mill ? (Hear, hear.) [ were established in the same If, for hi o who paid the tax give tt led, Capt. Beat —Killed , Lieut. and izn Geo Colonel Bruce J. Hull, and ( Major J. Griffin, and Lieut. Augustus C. Eat- Snpnre, prommenc have been a gallant Gov We subjoin a 1. H. PI 48th Reg Homrith. ernor-Ge naßil th, ;hot and 63d 11.. , giment N.I gement shews it to s struggle. Ow Henry Hardinge commander-in-chief, ,—Killed : Lieutenant John S. Raw- lied : Capt. Robert M. Hunter ounded 38. avatry, at say 400 ay ZOO s in olh Captain Henry D. Van olonel H. M. Wheeler, (Hear.) It was said that as no 1 n since the commu for a certain corn n comae- , n ; but sition was Fur it, and it was as much a burden as The excise duty on malt, Lord Beaumont con tended, was an impost which pressed more heavily against the agriculturists than upon other consum ing classes, inasmuch as, besides increasing the price of beer, it discouraged the growth of barley, the most profitable, crop of the farmer. They were s, too, from not being allowed to malt, or grain for feeding purposes, with nce of the excise. The excise duty lordship thought might be re- even to steep their moved with advantage to the landowner, whose clay would thus come into extended consumption. The Another serious grievance felt by the owner of land and other real property was the stamp duty, which rendered the transfer of such property most and raising money upon it for temporary expensive, purposes 1 ev• lmost ruinous He admitted that the gacy duty upon personal property was to some but he wished the scale, a few exernptionsjamongst which was the in surance duty on certain articles of an agricultural Lc. rnntonriarl ,vhich wer of incendiaries, and to accident Lord Brougham, Lord Stanley, the Duke of Richmond, and Lord Dacre entirely concurred in the propriety of the motion, and, generally, in the correctness of the statements of the noble mover. The latter noble lord contributed the following figures, which clearly show that to the poor-rates, at least, the agriculturist contributes very much be yondhis legitimate proportion : ere had been returns printed for the purpose of ble value f property prior to the imposition of the income-tax in 18-12. The valuation for the poor-rates amounted to £48,400,000, while the pro millions, exclusive of the incomes below £lso — a year, which were not charged, though the poor-rates were levied on the poorest cottiers. (Hear, hear.) He felt, therefore, justified in saying that the value of property in this coun- Z2U(I,OOU,Ut that fully thre, including the in -fourths of this annunt was not subjected to the poor rates, which thus fell most heavily on the landed interest." ,And what has Sir Robert Peel held out to the agricultural classes, thus burdened, to enable them to compete with the comparatively untaxed foreign grower ? A few reductions of the duty upon articles, the bulk of which are only apparent reductions, and three-fourths of which are never likely to affect the farmer at all. If justice is to be done to every class—if the home grower of corn is to be allowed a fair chance of success in the struggle to compete with the foreign grower, and to maintain his relative position amongst the great interests of the country --:he should bear no more than his fair proportion of the public burdens. A great minister, whilst de vising such great changes in the fiscal system of the country, as those which have been making from 1842 to the present period, should surely have ex tended his views of amelioration beyond the mere revision of a tariff, and not have teft untouched and uninquired into, every other mode of taxation. If the commerce of the country is to be advanced by the application to it of the new principles of the po litical philosophy of modern days—if the pressure of indirect taxation is to be lightened—why should the direct taxation, which bears so heavily upon the owners and cultivators of the soil, whom we are about to embark in a fearful and perhaps a fatal ex periment, be permitted to groan beneath a system, erected to meet very different circumstances than the present, and when those upon whom it was imposed were in a very different position to endure its weight ? We trust that the motion of Lord Beaumont, and the facts which his committee must elicit, will not be without their results. In one respect it is clear that a change must be made. An alteration of the law of settlement must be made, by which all classes will have to contribute their fair share towards the support of the poor; or, perhaps better still, the maintenance of the poor must be taken into the na tional charge. The gentlemen of the Anti-corn Law League ap pear to be endowed with so universal a genius, that it is matter of great difficulty to determine what is their peculiar forte. They can discourse learnedly on every subj ec t, f rom cotton and corn to the solu timn of a problem in Euclid. They can lay aside their ledgers or their cash-books, step out of their pete with the foreign farmer; and, therefore, the ho nourable gentleman. instead of being, as he then was, a thorough-going and an ultra free-trader, would, at this moment, have been a most determined and or an opinion ca - • when carrying on naannfacturirg operations, consequently he must excuse him (Mr Tollemache) for declining, as he , did decline, to acknowledge him as any g r e a t a uthority, or, any authority at all, on matters relating to agri- However, as the hon. gentleman had favoured culture them with his itiervations. he should state that, although he had the honour of being one of the members for South Cheshire. he was connected, both as a landed proprietor and as a resident, with another county, which was acknowledged to be one of the best cultivated - in the kingdom; and, from all he had seen in that and other counties he did not hesitate to declare that, in many parts of Cheshi ricultural improvement was progressing as TV mbar nsart of rhn nn.lntrty rt We may perhaps be exposing ourselves to some little derision by the avowal which we are about to make ; but we must candidly acknowledge that, upon such a subject, we would regard the opinion of Mr. Tollemache as one entitled to much greater weight than that of the hon. member for Durham city. We should readily defer to the judgment of the latter gentleman with respect to the quality or the value of a piece of calico, a pound of cottori yarn, or a yard of flannel—commodities more im mediately in his own line. But, when he talks so glibly about the slovenly farming and the absence of improvement in Cheshire, we are inclined to sus pect that he cannot have carried his observations much beyond the building land in the outskirts of the large manufacturing towns, whose population he has enlightened from time to time with his won derful discoveries in political economy. It may, perhaps, he a shock to the vanity of such a remark ably sagacious personage as himself, if we were to remind him of the moral of the old fable—" A re sutor ultra crepidam." The third report of the Select Committee ap pointed for the classification of Railway Bills has just been published, and must have materially con duced to remove the alarm with which its resolutions, based upon instructions supposed to have been offered by Government as the guide of its conduct, were looked for. It was feared that we were to have seen a clear sweep made of all those schemes which did not partake of the character of necessary extensions or branches of existing lines ; that no merely competing lines were to be permitted to occupy the attention of Parliament; and the old companies were in extacies with the thought that they were to be permitted to enjoy their monopolies and to dictate terms to the public for some more years to come. The report before us, however, wa`rrants no such conclusion. It plainly admits that the committee " have not deemed it advisable to recommend the house to make anv selection from, or to place any limitation on, the number of rail way schemes to be submitted to Parliament this session ;" that the whole of the railways whicli shall succeed in passing the standing orders are to be in vestigated upon their merits ; and intimates the opinion of the Select Committee that, with such. alterations in the modes of procedure which it re commends, and the saving of time, and talk, which it advises the committees to enforce, the entire rail way business of the session may be got through without seriously inconveniencing the members of either house. Taking the whole number of Bills for which peti tions have been presented this session at 562—viz., 395 for Railways in England and Wales, 120 for Railways in Scotland, and 47 for Railways in Ire land—many of which they consider must fail in standing orders, the Committee conceive that the number for England and Wales may be conveniently formed into 51 groups, and those for Scotland into 10. For the whole, therefore, only 61 Select Com mittees would be required, the Irish Bills, with a certain class of English Bills, having already beeh ordered to be taken up in the first instance in the House of Lords. The number of Committees last year was 52 ; but, owing to peculiar circumstances, only 45 appear to have sate. When the tedious pro ceedings which took place before these Committees are considered, it is not wonderful that they did not succeed in getting through the entire business before them. Months were taken up in hearing conflicting statements of traffic, which were calculated only to leave the Tribunals before which they were made in a happy state of confusion. The Committee recom mend that with respect to these enquiries the practice laid down by the present standing orders should be altered ; that it should no longer be imperative upon the Select Committees to report upon the traffic, or probable profit to the projectors of the schemes sub mitted to them ; but nevertheless they may " make such enquiries as they may judge proper with regard to population and to the extent of accommodation that would be afforded to the public." Any unop posed Railway Bill, they suggest, may be " referred to the Chairman of Ways and Means, and the Mem bers ordered to bring in the bill, to be dealt with as other unopposed bills." By this judicious course the time of Parliament and a vast amount of unneces sary expenditure by the Companies will be saved. With such opinions, coming from a committee, one object of whose appointment was assumed to be to ward off a supposed danger to the country from excessive investment of its capital in railway speculations, we cannot think that the public, in terested in railway property, is warranted in enter taining the fear of any unnecessary severity or rigidity being extended to really sound schemes by the committees who will shortly have to sit upon their merits. By this time, we think, the absurd Thus the number of criminals, under twenty years of age, committed to prison in the year 1835, was 6803, or one in 449 of the population, between ten and twenty years of age ; while in 1844 they amounted to 11,348 or 1 in 304 upon the population of the Bart _ The learned gentleman does no such increase is attributable to the absence of edu cation, for he reminds us, that " during the whole of the intervening period most strenuous exertions have been made to afford to the masses of the people increased education—intellectual, moral, and religious—and to supply them with the appetite for knowledge, which elementary instruction was cal culated to inspire." Now, here we may remark, that it was never contended that education, how ever good, could do all, whilst it has ever been the :onsider strongest argument against mere " elementary instruction," that it gave an appetite for knowledge, without a standard to direct to the proper food with which it should be gratified. Mr. Pearson has, no doubt, discovered by thi s ti me h ow great an aid to t- le acquisition of proficiency in the juve nile criminal has been the ability to peruse the lives and ape the achievements of the gaol birds of other days—the Jack Shepherds, and other worthies of the same stamp. Another very important fact the City Solicitor brings before us, viz., that although it is true, as we were informed by Sir Robert Pee Graham, that, during th e l as t th ree years of_ pros perity, as compared with the previous three years, crime, in the aggregate, had d ecrease d ; yet t hi s was not the case with juvenile crime, which had increased in the latter three years upwards of seven per cent. The only gratifying feature which we can find in these statistics of the condition of our population is the fact that, whilst the number of committals and convictions has increased, the offences generally have been of a less aggravated character. The increase of juvenile crime Mr. Pearson attri butes to the recent multiplication of petty offences, punishable by fine, or, failing payment, by impri sonment in gaol : " Upon summary convictions, short imprisonments are awarded for the smallest offence, and it is no uncommon thing to read in the newspapers of young urchins found, in a state of destitution, or in the commission of some petty- delinouencv enmmispratpd hv the mnoiqtrntp expresses his pity for their unfortunate condition, and laments that he has no other place than a criminal's gaol, to which he may consign them." " The mind of the child thus becomes familiarised with a gaol —a prison is at once disarmed of its terrors and its shame. In a gaol the novice in crime gets acquainted with the hardened in guilt; he finds himself the object of commiseration; he finds that be is betti - fed, better housed, and better cared for, ......... than in the habitation of his parents or the workhouse of gravest crimes, and the chile oecome me preclude limated to the atmo- •• UIiPAVACU !tutu gain ing an honest living, by having had the brand of crime stamped upon his forehead, and he so remains, perhaps for years, a continual burden to the State, until his educa tion is finished in the Model Prison, at an expense of some thirty or forty pounds, arenaratory to his tranannrtatinn from his native land at'a r furl - her cost gf The like sum." As the remedy for this state of things, Mr. Pear son recommends the committal of juvenile offenders, for first offences, or, when found destitute, to refor matory establishments, in which, by judicious, moral, religious, and industrial training, they may be useful members of society, either at home or in our colonies. These establishments. he Insioß should be national asylums, erected at the national cost, reserving to them, however the right t o pro tect the nation again s t the risk of poor children be ing thrown upon its care by the wanton neglect of parishes to provide for 'end direct them in honest courses. There is much in the suggestions of Mr. Pearson which is well worthy of attention and which the claims upon our space will not now allow ul3 either to quote or to comment upon. We may, however, take up the subject again. The subject of this evening's lecture at St. Andrew's Church. being the last of the series, is " The Ministry of Angels." The Railway Standard says that influential persons in this town are buying up the Liverpool, Bolton, and Wigan stock, to prevent the amalgamation with the Manchester and Leeds. It will be seen, from an appeal from the Committee ap pointed by the owners of property required for the new docks at Wapping, that the " sinews of war" are wanted for the purpose of being heard before a parliamentary committee. ST. DAVID'S DAY.—We beg to draw the attention of the Welsh inhabitants of this town, and others friendly to the education of the children of the poor, to an advertise ment in this day's paper, announcing the annual examina tion of the children taught at those old and excellent institution., the Welsh Charity Schools in Russell-street. We understand that, in consequence of the Town-hall undergoing some necessary repairs, the Welsh Charity Ball is postponed until next year. The second of the course of lectures, on Tuesday even ings, in the Concert Hall, Lord Nelson-street, by clergy men of the Church of England, on the Errors of the Church of Rime, will be delivered this evening, by the Rev. David James, the subject being, " The Bible the only Rule of Faitb,"—a great and important truth, and one which it is now more than ever necessary to press on the attention of the public ; and we know of no one better able to enforce it with the cogency of powerful and conti nuous argument than the reverend gentleman appointed. A naval officer arrived at Cork, 'on board a merchant vessel from the coast of Africa, reports the safe return of Mr. Jamieson's steamer Ethiope to Fernando Po, after a successful expedition up the Niger. Dr. Kiog and the master were in perfect health, as were all the others on board as far as can yet be learned. The Spectator, which has given an intimation of the arrival of the steamer, is incorrect in one or two particulars. In addition to the commander and the doctor, the two officers and the engi neer were all white men, and though no details have been received, it is understood they have all returned in good health. and that his sister-in-law was in the last agonies of death. After his arrival at the house, he took tea, and previous to bed he thank (as was his custom) two or tumblers c also, at break morning, drank tea, made from the water used by the felt a distressing nausea of the stomach, and a giddi , which he soon after mentioned to Dr. Bickersteth he other afflicted members of th witness said, as the circumstances were who was attendir he hoped the jury would institute the most rigid inc . into the circumstances. He added, that he heard of aca Wales, in which water had manner, and no arsenic c led in a the well; but a big, containing that substance, had after wards been discovered within the pump. A post mortem examination of one of the bodies was [nation and appearances such as led him to the decided opinion that the decessed had died from the effects of poison. He had analyzed the water from the well, and h is sta found a result near he followi g certificate of I Laboratory, Royal Inst THE CHEMICAL EXAMINATI REPORT 0 OF WA MRS. GILTON, C One specimen marked water in the house. The other speci nen marked water in colour-house. The first of these specimens was clear, and deposited no sedi. went_ It' was first examined to ascertain whether lead was present; upon the application of the usual tests for that sub. ames stance no evidence of its presence could be obtained. It was then examined for arseni, acid obt The second specimen gave also decided proof of the presence of arsenic in somewhat larger portion than the first. By the plan of analysis adopted, the arsenic was reduced to the m state, aftery s converted into arsen arsenic, and the liqnid tests appl ed to t of the metal and of the acid were pre nerved. Equal q J. analysed to asce it amounted to about 4-10ths of a (Signed,) R. H. BRETT. Lecturer on Chemistry and Medical Jurisprudenco of the Liverpool School of Medicine. The CORONER suggested that the inquiry should be adjourned until Wednesday, in order that the sewer, and the pipe should be taken up, and t ell, the the water The Rev. Mr. Gilton said that nothing short of such an investigation would satisfy him, and, he believed, the public, as it would probably reach the facts, and remove suspicion where it might be unjustly attached. A plumber was appointed to superintend the taking up examination of the well, &c., so that he might give The CORONER then ad. turned the inquest until to morrow. (Wednesday.) Lle the Rev_ Mr Giirnn nni hic fterwar enhew. drove, with the appointed superintendent, to the premis and gave him instructions how to proceed. The unfortunate family, who led in West lot of a were highly promisin journalist to recorc mastic desolation. mn falls to-t a more It seld stance c RPOOL PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY The first full dress concert of this society was held last evening, at the Collegiate Institution, and was, we need nerve, very numerous tended. The principal vocal performers were Miss Birch, Miss Messent, Mr. Gratton Cooke, and Signor Marras. The instrumental performers. were Mr. Vincent Wallace, forte ; Mr. Gratton Cooke, obeo ; and Master Day, The orchestra was, as usual, numerous and effec- piano violin. tive, under the excellent leadership of Mr. Z. Herrmann The Overture to Part 1 was Weber's Jubilee was excellently played Chorus—:William Tell—was sung wt which we are seldom able to listen to. , which Mr. Grattan Cooke next gave a sweet song—" Arise, bright golden star of day"—very prettily, but we thought with not that confi dence which a singer of his pretensions and fine voice might be fairly expected to possess. This was followed by a solo on the violin, by (De Beriot,) which we should per aster Day s not err in terming one of the gems of the evening. Master Day is already a fine player, with great execution, and excellent tone and precision, and is destined, we hope, to take a very high stand in Nis profession, He was repeatedly and heartily cheered during his performance. Miss Messent, we regret, was not very effective with her audience in the first song set down for her, though it deserved an ample weed of applause. We attribute this to the song in question being printed in _ English, whilst the singer gave an Italian version, which, unless the air is one well known, embarrasses many hearers. She made np for it amply, however, in the trio and ballad from Mari tano, both of which were encoured. The ballad especi ally was given with exquisite feeling and effect. Of Miss Birch's singing we need say nothing more than that it J. L. Hatton, was delightfully sung by Miss Birch, and encored, after which she gave " Hout awa' wi' Jamie," very sweetly. Signor Marras, whom we never heard before, we must notice as an acquisition. Severa . l of the songs were most effectively sung We must not either pass over Mr. Wallace, whose fantasia was very brilliant ~ and was warmly applauded Her Majesty's steam-frigate arrived here on Sur he purpose of having her engines put on board. day for curate 0: Church, Varrington, has been rented with a very beautiful pocket communion service of silver, and a copy of the folio edition of Bagster's Poly glot Bible, elegantly bound, with massive silver clasps and corners, and a silver shield bearing an appropriate in scription. ACClDENT.—Yesterday afternoon, a cart was sent by Mr. Lace, of Bath-street, " with a load o f potatoes for the American ship " Hope, lying in the Waterloo Dock. The cart was placed by the carter opposite to the stage, but the second mate removed it towards the bow of the ship, to be more convenient for unloading, in doing which he unfortunately backed the horse and cart into the dock, and the horse was drowned before it could be got out. Sr. MATTHEW'S CHURCH, KEY- STRRET.—We have much pleasure in calling the attention of our readers to the advertisement in our paper relative to three sermons to be preached at St. Matthew's Church, Key-street, on Sunday next. The clergymen expected are eminent for their faithful preaching of the truth as it is in Jesus. We are also happy t o fi n d t h at t h e congregat i on is increasing ; and we are a u th or i se d to state there i s no truth i n the re port that the church is about to be dosed. •Mr. COLE said that matter had been fully discussed In committee, and it was perfectly understood that the dock warehouses would come under the same regulations as any private property. The act they sought was to govern all. The CHAIRMAN said the Dock Warehousing Corr ad power in themselves to pass laws. Would it nut, therefore, be pant 11 these regulations as n undue inter- . -- rerence if the Commissioners wer e t o o b ta i n — powertl which the Company were at liberty to get for themselves. wrated lody as well as thut Board Mr. PIKE said it Was tinderstood in committee that he company had powers t o o bj ec t, b ut th ey h a d no in- __, a• , • The CHAIRMAN said that if the Dock warehousing company sought to introduce a clause to exempt their buildings from the operation of those clauses, there would be no alternative before the House of Commons, but - draw the bill alto ) admit the claus or to wit A. long discussion followed as to the ordinary course of nentary business, and as to the probability of such s number of clauses being introduced into the bill, and it at length agreed to send up the clauses to Mr. Mal in London, in order that he might r eport as to whether they, or ail the bill ; and commissioned to the t portion of them, could be introduced in if co, the clauses were to be laid before ti for their approval. The meeting then broke up. It was incidentally mentioned. this,. thiceisim ies w as milar to the Liverpool Fire Prevention Bill. At the nomination fur South Nottinghamshire, on SS' turday, Lord Lincoln had a majority of three to on e op the snow of hands. A poll was demanded. Thomas M irtin, the person stabbed by the type-founder Tracey, in Cripplegate, London, on Tuesday night last, expired on Saturday night. , We learn, from a cotemporary, that there has been for me time an " unpleasantness' between the priest of St 'erburgh's Romish chapel, BirkPnbead, and the commit- tee of the schools in connection therewith. It has, how ever, been stopped by the interfereice of Dr. Sherples• The schools are stated to have been in a deplorable condi tion when the committee were chosen. NEW STOCK EXCHANGE.—We find we were in error in announcing a fortnight since, that " the bulk of the members of the Royal Stock Exchange, and many of those 77 who have se ce d e d f rom th e A sso ciati on in Bank-buildinggt have entered the new Stock Exchange." It appears that scarcely one of tho-e gentlemen has done so. We had not the most remote idea of detracting in any way from the respectability of the n We hear that ti institution r,;A 13.......- le anniver y sermon on St. David' d to preach xy, at St. David's lented and pops' The Welsh inhabitants glad to avail eminent Chard he principalit y 'erpool, we ye no c bt, will be preacher. He is td preach there, likewise, o; Sunda 1' the Bth of March. PING INTELLIGENCE MONDAY, FEBRUARY ARRlVED,—Wanderer, P tri Ancona—Cot .3. from P Wind South. alermo—Betsey, Allen binsnn, from Alexandria—George Glen, Arthur, fm Alexandri a —Queen of the Tyne, Jameson, from Marseilles—Kyle, Ale% ander, from Calcutta—Lady Sale, Lorr, from Rio Grande roramate, Bloomfield, from Valparaisa ; sailed 20th Nov,- - Shaming°, Patten, from Savannah—Queen of the West, Wood house. from New York sailed sArk. npllls, —lnca, Field, from Islay" from Demerara; sailed . 15th Jan Ann, Wiliams, Irom St. Übes. Sari ED.—Thomas Hunter, Nicholson, for Afric Hill, for St. Stephen's—London, Baker, for Philade Brothel' , Mary Marsden, Carter, hence at Trinidad Ne plus ultra, Cro s from Anc na, ditto Wixen, Yellop, from Salonica, ditto Mars, Le 'onteur, from Naples, ditto e, ditto .rseilles, Buenos Ayrean, from Manilla, off ditto Senhora, Brown, from ,st. Lucia, at Angostura E iza Heywood. Payne, hence at Patagonia HOLYHEAD. Feb. 22.—The Bunbnry. Hancock. from Lived pool to Cork, was driven on shore this morning at Cymrau, an it is feared will by a wreck. Crew saved. BELFAST. Feb. 21.—The Douro, M .tthe gow, lad of and for Glat ---- on the rocks!: Kiernay ' oint, near Portaferry, this Morning, and it is fear c ' will become a wreck ST. THOMAS, Jan. 30.—The American brig teorg instant, Gardine r , ' n. Walker, from Philadelphia to Li verpoo l , put in here 14th ns.•ai in distress, and has been condemned. Part of the cargo a 4 The sound part will be transhipped in another vessel' maged LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, Fgn. 2 3 .,. The •'high money pressure" b roug ht t o b ear upon the Cot t o n o market the latter part o f l as t wee k , h as b een i n - ome measur e relieved, and to-day the business d one h as b een mor e umfoi_ni and regular. Prices paid have in some i ns t ances b ee n id. P er lb. below the qu o t a ti ons ; Indeed, the ready cash has had urii_ e , vernal sway, and bar ga i ns have been had in what are te ch tantly, and buoy th emse l ves up with the , hop of a cally termed " soft places." Hold ers h ave elded very re lu , sp eed y ad d justrnent of the circulating medium, to restore confidence au -five a tone of 9 • -tr - reach 5 tO6 ,000 buyers, who try hard t o b uy d og cheap with the mone y in ba no ti r h m a n te e s s , s to w legitimate a good business.a and tl general raTthdeestoalaeo strird - LIVERPOOL CATTLE MARKET, FEB. 23. o f The supply of catt:e at market to-day has been larger than oin late, which met w ith d ull sale, at little or no altera tion our last prices. B e ef Sid to dict per lb.; Mutton 74c1t0 ,fr LIVERPOOL PROVISION MARKET, FEB' 23 ,ibe In our Butter market we have nothing new to notice. d o. demand appears for the momen t t o b e entire!), suVe r ' aii ty, Prices nominally as l as t nuo t e d. v i z.. 7os to S S s a s in .1° Nothing doing in provisiOt;;. LIVERPOOL • TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1846. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED I 1 4 ek, TUESDAY MORN,.- EVERY JOSHUA FLETCHER LACE, of SS. Grove-street , find LEONARD ADDISON, of 14, Great Orford street. At No. 4, ST. Goo/ma's CRESCENT, LIVERPOOL -.400 ti n d Orders and A dvertisements are received by Messrs. Ne•- - ,et Co , Warwick-square ; Barker and White. Fleet - Z r ier, Deacon, Walbrook ; Reynell, Chancery-lane; Charie l ..,RTssO' Birchin-lane ; Joseph Thomas, I, Finch-lane, Corehr i t Dioly den Hammond, '27, Lombard-street; Mitchell, 1 , Cori' court, Fleet-street; Lewis and Lowe, 3, Castle-cou r t , tape f hill; at the Londo n C ommerc i al Came-house, Mincier—cof at the Jerusalem Coffee-house, Cornhill ; Chaptererico fee-house, Paternoster-row N o rth and South Arnmarll - house, Threadneedle- street; Parsons, 9. M e n ' ; lane, London: Johnston and Co., Eden Qua/. f '' s treet. Wheeler, Exchange-street. and C. H. Lewis. Mar l s e ,;eller s i Manchester ; Haddock, and J. and W. Booth, 13 00 .4 p," lit sio. Warrington; Clarke, Pilot-office, Preston; and Damn, Herald-office, Birmingham, ~a r'~ ~A, ~~~ e arl 1 , ,! IP I.. it LI, ih,a)