The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-10-23 00:00:00

pottrp. TO THE REV. HUGH WNEILE (For the Liverpool Standard.) Champion of truth—whose sacred flag to wave O'er error's tomb arid superstition's grave, • Thou dolt the traitors to that truth defy, With lion-heart and bold unshrinking eye. By surely more than mortal ardour fired, By nature gifted and by grace inspired, Well may they quail beneath thy piercin6 Who fear to face the radiant lamp of light, Well envy thee that free unfetter'd mien, Poor crippled slaves of subterfuge arid spleen Slaves to a system tyrannous at best, Oh ! would they learn, like thee, to fairly test That sacred standard of our sacred hope, Unchained by dark tradition's thralling yoke, There would they learn, the faith that can endure ire it be peaceable must first be pure; There would they learn redemption's perfect plan Rejects OR merits of imperfect man ; There would they learn a sacrifice to trace Once freely offered for the human race — For all, for each, as heir of death and vice, Pardon that asks not money, asks not price. Salvation's messenger, oh ! mayst thou still pursue The task thy Lord bath given thee to do, Upholding truth with all thy potent might, And hurling error from her dazzling height— That error man's insidious art supplied, That truth for which our martyr'd fathers died : Mayst thou exalt the one, our hope and trust, And lay the other prostrate in the dust; And may the free unfetter'd gospel be Borne on the winds and wafted o'er the sea, Till the remotest heathen shore on earth Resound with tidings of Immanuel's birth, Till sterile waste and palmy Pagan plain Have learn'd to triumph in a Saviour slain, Till He shall come His ransomed own to claim, Of every clime and kindred, tongue and name— The Mighty God—the Man of Sorrows—He, The first, the last, who was and is to be — The Lamb who did a full atonement give, And died that man, eternally, may live. RESIGNATION (For the Liverpool Standard.) Oft have I stood in sad survey, To see, with heavy heart. My brightest prospects melt away, My fondest hopes depart. Oft bath the world beguiled my care, And laughed my fears to scorn, When, like the rose that blooms in air, It but concealed a thorn. Oft have I gazed along the roll Of crowded years to come, When o'er my flowery landscape stole The shades of adverse gloom. Ah ! then how hard to check the sigh And quell the rising thought, To give the world a calm reply, Nor murmur at my lot. Oh I could my weary spirit rise, And leave those cares behind, To breath the air of purer skies, And be to all resigned. The gift of inward peace who knows, Unmoved by noise or strife, 1 without a ripple flows the strea►n of life. Oh ! peace divine, thyself impart, The blissful calm bestow ; In resignation mould my heart To all things here below Liverpool, Oct. 1840 H. M. HANSUROW THE FALLING LEAF. (For the Liverpool Slandard.) Hear the leaves when withered falling, How solemnly they tell More than volumes, gently calling, How soon, alas ! we fail. Thus shall ye, when time has ended Your busy flattering day; The fairest mortal must be blended With his parent mouldering clay. But when the changing seasons here Shall end in final doom, Beyond the grave shall then appear An endless spring to come. 'Tis only then a Sun shall rise. When changing scenes are o'er, And spread its glories thro' the skies, To set iu clouds no more erpool, Oct. 1840 H. M. HANSBROII WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN! (For the Liverpool Standard.) 'Twas in an old oak chamber, And some laughing girls were there, Who braided orange blossoms In a blushing playmate's Lair. A snowy veil they o'er her cast. And led her to the door; She left that old oak chamber— Her girlhood's time was o'er. And oh ! she looked so beautiful Amidst her hope and fear, With her smiles that burst like sunshine Through many a shining tear ; 3lethought she like a lily seemed, Which floats on some bright stream; How blest was I ! that bride was mine— But only in a dream. . . It might have been ! And as she left her mother's home The village chimes were heard, Mingling with the scent of flowers And voice of many a bird. The young came forth from every porch To see her as she passed— The old to bless her gentle face, And look perhaps their last. Then round the altar's rail we stood, And there she vowed, through life, To eling in weal, to cling in woe The girl became a wife ! Oh ! day for which the heart long yearn'd Burst in that vision's gleam ; My first, my only love was mine— Was mine, but in a dream. It might have been! The eye from dreary wastes delights To gaze on spots of green ; So thro' my troubled life love I ; To thought bring back that scene, Its bare remembrance softens yet The draught in sorrow's glass— Tho' I can never dare to hope That dream will come to pass. My falsehood wrung her loving heart, And faded her fair brow; But has she not been well revenged By that which parts us now? I live to feel I love her still, Tho' cold to all I seem ; Had I been true, how well I know What would have been no—dream t It might have been ! J. SToNsnouss THE BLUFF OLD BRITISH YEOMAN. When Radicals would rule the land, To Crown and Church the foemen ; Who 'gainst the base will boldly stand? Why who but British Yeomen ? 'Tis they alone stand by the throne, The altar and the laws too ! A band of truth, both sire and youth, All in the honest cause, too. And the sturdy British Yeomen— The bold old British Yeomen For England's right will dauntless fight— The bluff, bold British Yeomen ! No rotten theories they boast Which strength would give to foemen ; For Britain's weal, the patriot host Are England's honest yeomen. Their royal pride Rads may deride, That pride they'll ne'er forego, men; Let rebelS meet, just feet to feet, The sturdy British Yeomen, Whose fearless faces show men; Whose courage yields to no men, And many a year they'll after fear Old England's loyal Yeomen. Yes ! should a base rebellious crew To anarchy give action; And civil strife again renew To break the empire's paction, Who are the men would come out then, Each as the bold defender Of isritain's laws, and the monarch's cause, With the shout of " No surrender ?" Why England's noble Yeomen; The sturdy British Yeomen ; Who inch by inch will fight, nor flinch— The bold old British Yeomen. Then may God speed the British plough ! God speed the sail and loom too ! Long may the stream of commerce flow And never check be doom'd to ! Industry's hive, long may it thrive-- God bless the Isle of Britain ! Prosperity ! long may it be The - lot of all who sit in The homesteads of her Yeomen The bold old British Yeomen Cheers for the good ! in heart and blood John Bull's best friends—the Yeomen. CONTEMPORARY PRESS, THE EASTERN QUESTION. (From the Morning Herald.) The diplomatic information which we published on Monday constitutes a. new phase in the Thiers-Palmer ston negotiations. The two redoubtable diplomatists, who are keeping all Europe in agitation and alarm, would, at a period when truly great men moved on the theatre of the world, be very insignificant personages indeed. What a practical illustration do these two political tricksters present, in the position which they occupy, and the attention which they attract, of the sort of wisdom and talent that is " competent" to obtain an ascendancy in managing the affairs of nations in the nineteen century—the boasted age of intellect ! It is not long since Palmerston and his colleagues, and all the journals devoted to the service of the whig ministry, assured the public, over and over again, that the principle of foreign policy most conducive to the interests of England, the peace of the world, and the advancement of civilisation, was that of a close and in timate alliance with France. So far did our whig mi nisters go in that respect, that they took very patiently more than one insult offered to our flag by the Govern ment of Louis Philip, which we thought and said ought to have been energetically resented, or amply atoned for. But dearer to the whig ministers is " the preservation of the integrity" of the decrepid and pe rishing Ottoman empire than the vindication ot Eng lish honour and the protection of English interests. But the Anglo-Gallic alliance, so skilfully manufac tured by whig policy, has snapped asunder like a rope of sand. Brunow has beaten Thiers, Nicholas has su perseded Louis Philip, and the absolutism of Russia has displaced the revolutionary dynasty of France in the affections of the whig government. Who could have supposed only a year or two since, that England and France would be seen to-day taking up an attitude so hostile, that the preservation of peace cannot be positively calculated on for a single hour. When two next-door neighbours, NIT:10 have lived for some time in seeming peace and amity, exchange the tones of friendly salutation for those of rancorous ani mosity, and not stopping at scolding bitterness of lan guage, pr epare deadly weap ons to p l unge i n each ot h ers hearts, it is time for those whose duty it is to prevent violence and bloodshed, to demand of them mutual securities of the peace ; for when neighbours bear such feelings towards each other, there is no saying how soon even an accidental collision may rip en wrat h i nto action, and produce deplorable consequences. But where is the preventive police that shall compel France and England, if they be minded for war, to keep the peace? EnglAnd has a weight of public debt about her neck, which particularly unfits her for the active and costly exertions of war. We recollect when Lord Brougham said that " the national debt bound Great Britain in a security of f 800,000,000 to keep the peace with all the world." He said that in allusion to a mere defensive war. But who could have supposed that there could exist such folly, such madness, even in a whig admi nistration, as to put this country in a position to en counter the risk of a European war, on the pretext of protecting the independence of the Ottoman empire against the ambition of one of its own vassals ? If a war should unhappily result from the interfer ence of our government in the disputes between the Pacha of Egypt and the Turkish Divan, it will in truth be the consequence of the most monstrous fatuity that ever aspired to the government of mankind. In such a war Great Britain would be inevitably dragged into the abyss which the insidious `• friendship" of Russia has prepared for her,—France would be so crippled as not to be able to offer any resistance to the insatiable ambition of the north for a long time to come—and the Ottoman power would be enchained for ever in the iron bonds of Russian protection. Let the common sense of the British public, with drawing itself from the maze of verbose and shuffling diplomacy by which it is bewildered, look at the ORIGIN of all the diplomatic jargon, hostile threatening, and warlike preparations which keep the mind of Europe on the stretch of an alarming excitement. What was it ? A question whether Mehemet Ali was to be al lowed or not to govern a portion of Syria, with " the holy cities of Arabia, which the Porte was and is wholly unable to govern." Such is the question which constitutes the cause of European excitement, and possibly of European war. It is only another exemplification of the cutting truth of the sarcastic observation of the Chancellor of Swe den, " Go forth, my son, and see with how little wis dom the world is governed." We should think that in this the fortieth year of the nineteenth century, the " little wisdom" to which Count Oxensteirn al luded, has pretty nearly decreased to its minimum. If it were not so, it would be utterly impossible for such political pretenders as Lord Palmerston and Thiers to kindle the flames of war with volumes of dull diplomacy, and to make England and France gird on the armour of battle to determine whether the Pacha of Egypt, or the Russianized Divan of Turkey, is to rule the Syrian desert or regulate the pilgrimages of Arabia! ROli k AL EXPENSES (From Frazer's Magazine.) If any one fault has been in a thousand sha pes re peated and reiterated in the teeth of us tories, it has been a disposition to uphold the dignity and munifi cence of the crown. But, notwithstanding the ardent economy of the whigs when out of office, their declared hostility to squandering the resources of the nation on royal personaws, they no sooner breathe the air and eat the dinners of a palace, than " a change comes o'er the spirit of their dream," and the immolation of the sinews and muscles of all BritaiN, as a holocaust to the queen, is neither inconsistent with former profession, nor a severe tax on national industry and forbearance. It has invariably been the practice of conservatives to ask handsome competency for royal masters and mis tresses, but never to heap wealth upon them. We know not how it is that royalty in all ages seems an in satiable absorbent of money. Hundreds of thousands evanish at the touch of royal digitals, like morning mists at sunrise. The Duke of Sussex is almost star ving on £21,000 per annum. Queen Victoria has for herself £lO,OOO a-year more than King William and Adelaide together; and since her marriage, her Ma jesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert have to gether £40,000 per annum more than their predeces sors in the same castle. Really, we humbly submit the necessity of severe economy, rather than unmerciful lavishness, in a day when our discontent leaps from hut to hovel with electric speed, when our navy rots for want of repair, our army barely serves to keep down intestine war. If ever a ministry rendered a throne unpopular, it is the men now in office. They look like traitors in the garb of patriots. Under the pretext of supporting and repairing the constitution, they deal it successive stabs, and provoke against it the fury of the populace. We do not desire republican penuriousness; the history of our party shows this. But in times too much akin to those that preceded 1688—in times of depression and dissatisfaction, of poverty and reckless crime, nothing is so much to be deprecated as needless waste of national resources—as the expending on din ners for Lord Melbourne as much as would feed thou sands of a starving population. We are sure the queen is not the original source of the extravagant demands recently made by her ministry; and on them, there fore, will lie the guilt of all the unpopularity which now reigns and festers where loyal love and reverence flou rished before. We close these phenomena, to pursue them in the course of the " forties." When we do so, we hope to be able to announce to our delighted fellow-subjects those two noble and national phenomena, A TORY MINISTRY A PRINCE OF WALES ! INSTABILITY OF DISSENT-CHURCH EXTENSION. _ _ (From the Kentish Gazette.) Mr. G. C. Smith, minister of a dissenting chapel at Hackney, well known as " Boatswain Smith, " has published in the Sailor's Magazine, of which he is the editor, some remarks on the subject of Church and Dissent, from which we make the following extracts : —" In travelling last spring, I was very sorry to see a youth at the door of a dissenting chapel, with a peti tion, and pen and ink and table, for any one to sign against church extension. This is an awful specimen of the warfare carried on. There are evils in the church, and there are also ten thousand evils amongst dissenters. Worldly-mindedness, pride, self-interest, and party feeling, seem to reign among a vast mass of ministers and people. The aristocracy of dissent look with scorn upon their less wealthy, less elevated, and less influential brethren ; so that a plain, humble, bap tist minister, who is not one of the great and rich of his denomination, but a hard-working, pains-taking, useful man, called yesterday, and said he thought we ought to have a Dissenting Ministers' Protection So ciety, to defend the humble working class of ministers from the persecutions and prejudices of persons of all descriptions amongst Dissenters who are so exalted and imperious. I should be most happy to form such a society; it would he a severe check, especially upon all who made a trade of religion, as many thousands now do. In conversation with this minister we exa mined Lambeth and the borough of Southwark, in order to see what were the scenes exhibited of the blessing of God upon the violent proceedings of Dis senters. First, Holland Chapel, Brixton ; here Dr. Styles preached. Dr. S. had been removed from this to a small chapel, and the chapel is now taken and oc cupied by the Church of England. Second, Vauxhall chapel—Rev. Mr. Moor. Alas, this has also been de serted, and is now advertised as St. Paul's Episcopal Chapel." Third, Kennington Chapel,--Rev. Mr. Hunt. This is also given up by Dissenters, and has now exhibited on its front, as you come from Ken nington Common, Episcopal Chapel.' Fourth, Lon don-road Chapel—Rev. Mr. Harper. This now be longs to the Church of England, and I rejoice to know that it is well supplied by that pious and zealous tee totaller, the Rev. J. F. Witty. Fifth, Verulam Cha pel, near Bethlehem Hospital, Kennington-road : this was built by the Rev. Mr. Lacey. it has long since been given up, and has, I understand, been set apart for the church by the Bishop of Winchester. Besides this, the Temperance Hall, near the Elephant and Castle, was a Dissenting chapel; but, being relin quished, it is now taken as a hall. And sixth, Lant street chapel, Borough, where the Rev. Mr. Cartwright used to preach, has long since been converted into a broker's warehouse and shop, for furniture. Really these are alarming symptoms. But what I most la ment is, that Dr. Rippon's large chapel, of Carter-lane, Tooley-street, and Dean-street Chapel, Tooley-street, are both pulled down for the railway; and, from Lon don-bridge to Dockhead, alongshore, with all the tiers of shipping, I have seen no substitute in that most dense and important sea-faring locality. Of this lam confident, that unless Dissenters have some more hum ble, pious, conscientious, working, kind-hearted, con descending men at the head of their affairs in London, they will have to write Ichabod, or glory departed, upon themselves.; PRESENT STATE OF ALEXANDRIA The land lies so low, and the coast is so elevated above the level of the sea, that the shipping, especially at night, runs the risk of not seeing it until too late to avoid ground ing. This is one of the principal dangers of the navigation. The entrance of the port, which is nowhere very safe, is narrow and difficult. A very limited portion of it can be passed in safety by large ships, and even there it is danger ous to attempt the passage without dismounting some of their guns. With little cost and difficulty, however, the port of Alexandria might be made capable of sustaining a vigorous defence. But the energies of the pasha have not been brought to bear upon this point; and while he is fully aware of his oversight in this respect, he has not now time to repair the evil. Formidable preparations of defence are at present being carried on upon the coast. The seraglio and the arsenal are protected by batteries comprising a large number of guns. The arsenal, which, with the ex ception of dress, is like all other arsenals, whether of Alexandria, Toulon, or Portsmouth, is situated close to the palace, as if Mehemet Ali was anxions never to lose sight of his fleet and his arsenal. The city of Alexandria covers an immense area; but the ruins and uninhabited parts occupy the greater portion of its extent. At considerable intervals are seen groups of miserable huts, to which the poorest cottages in France are very superior. It would be difficult, indeed, to convey an idea of the poverty of their appearance. They are inhabited by the fellah and his family, and afford but a poor shelter against the scorching sun and burning winds of the desert. The children lie at the door rolling in the sand, and present a most singular appearance, their hair being all scrupulously shaved off but a slight tuft. The immense size of the abdomen strikes the to B th u e t, ha a d la q s L i l t ity is ef no t t he i i n r eye of the stra e n f ge t r he wi t t a h h s ie u , rp h ri o s t e. this must be attribut e d. T he " Frank " w th a e te e r, xc t e h s a se t s quarter of Alexandria is the most remarkable portion of the city. The grand square, in which are situated the different consulates, presents an aspect completely European.— Journel des Debats Dr. Lardner left Paris a few days since to embark, with his fair companion, for the United States. CLIMATE OF BRITISH GUIANA. Guiana is the most favourably situated of any part of America, or the world, perhaps, with respect to the winds and sea-breezes. It lies in the main track of the equinoctional currents ; whilst hurricanes, so terrific and destructive amongst the West India islands are unknown here, and the equinoctial gales are extremely steady and uniform throughout Guiana. At Angos tura, three hundred miles inland, they commence not an hour later than on the sea-coast. An opinion is very prevalent, that the heat of climate renders Europeans unable to labour, or encounter much fatigue in these countries. This is a great mistake; for, on the contrary, it is a fact that those who take the most exercise enjoy the best health, provided they live temperately. It is the excessive use of strong li quors that proves deleterious to Europeans in hot cli mates, and which, together with the heat, renders them incompetent to sustain much fatigue, until they become accustomed to it. It is alleged, most erroneously, that . strong liquors are necessary SO counteract the debility arising from the heat. Except in great moderation, they have the contrary effect, and have ever been the chief cause of the mortality which formerly prevailed, and must ever prove dangerous to the habitual de bauchee. The writer, although not the most tempe rate, can aver, that, during a period of twenty-five years in the warmer parts of South America, he ever enjoyed the best health when he used most exercise. In every part of the world, exercise and temperance are the greatest safeguards of health ; but indolence is even more pernicious in hot climates than elsewhere. The sackoorn and casseri form the most wholesome, nutritive, and delicious drinks (made chiefly from mixtures of cassada, maize, and sweet potatoes slightly fermented). This kind of beverage might he substi tuted for malt and spirituous liquors with incalculable advantage. Those who use this sort of drink, owing to its substantial and restorative properties, as`ive our selves experienced, lose the desire for strong liquors. This fact, which we had previously heard reported, was confirmed amongst the Macoosies, who make constant use of such beverage : they as constantly showed a disgust for spirituous liquors, whilst the Arowaks, \Yarrows, and those of the coast, had an insatiable desire for them. It is well known that many families in this country are affected with scrofula, and a strong predisposition to pulmonary consumption. To such families or indi viduals the climate of Guiana would be the most eligi ble of any in the world, as affording an exemption from such complaints. Tubercular consumption is unknown on the coast, and extremely rare in the mountain regions, though not unfrequent in the llanos. The writer can say, that he has never met with an instance of genuine tubercular phthisis on the coast of Guiana, nor a single case of calculus, or stone in the bladder generated there. Now this is not the case amongst the West India islands ; and for this plain reason, that, however favourable may be the sea-breeze in the day, there is every night a cool land-wind blowing from the central parts towards the sea. The yellow fever has long since disappeared, and the coast becomes an nually more healthy and agreeable as the woods are cleared off. Physicians often recommend to their consumptive patients a voyage to Montpellier, Naples, Rome, Ma deira, &c.: had they a knowledge of the advantages offered by a Guiana climate, they would assuredly never think of sending patients to those places, all of which are far from being exempt from these disorders. This I consider a matter of immense importance to those so afflicted—to families predisposed to consump tion, or affected with scrofula, the secret agent and origin of the most insidious and fatal diseases of this country. The climate, I may say, is not only prophylactic, but curative of this disorder (pulmonary consumption), of which 1 have known various instances; and one of the most remarkable and desperate cases occurred so long ago as 1806, in the harbour of Demerara, in the per son of a Swede, who arrived in a vessel from Ports mouth. The testimony of the wood-cutters constantly assures us, that wooded - parts and inland forests are never found to be unhealthy to either Europeans or others. These are facts which I can vouch for; and to show they are not contrary to reason, let it be considered that it is not the absolute degree of temperature which deter mines the salubrity of any climate, but, as every one knows, it is the great and sudden changes from heat to cold, and from cold to heat, which chiefly render any country unhealthy. Now, there is probably no country )n the globe where the temperature is More uniform .han in Guiana. Instability of climate contributes more, perhaps, than any other cause to the production of epidemic diseases. The fatal Asiatic cholera, for instance, which has per vaded almost every part of the habitable globe, except ing Guiana, arose in that part of Asia which is subject to great changes of temperature,—at one time to the hot winds from sandy deserts, or the tropical seas,—at another to the chilling blasts from the Gauts, or from the Himalaya mountains, the highest in the world, and covered with eternal snows. In further illustration of the subject, let us contrast the steady climate of Guiana with that of Canada, where enormous changes are often experienced, and consider that the population of Que bec was last year decimated by spasmodic cholera ;—it is stated in the Times of March 6tb, that one-tenth of the inhabitants had fallen victims to this fatal scourge. The yellow fever, as before observed, has many years since totally disappeared on the coast of Guiana: In ISO 4 it prevailed with great mortality, chiefly amongst the sailors, who, in a state of intoxication, not unfre quently slept on the ground or on deck: they were mostly on the following day attacked with depression, dry skin, and the symptoms termed yellow fever, and in those days we actually knew of no means of avert ing the consequences. It may not be irrelevant to add here a few directions to emigrants or others destined to tropical climates. From what I have observed in the lands, especially in Martinique and Grenada, I have reason to consider their climate as far less healthy than that of Guiana. A.dynamical and malignant fevers are still very fatal amongst the islands. These fevers, however, may be easily arrested at the onset ; a fact which, strange to say, is little known, and only practised imperfectly by some few Creoles and native inhabitants : it consists in procuring a perspiration, with as little delay as pos sible after the fever is found to be approaching, by the use of vapour baths and fomentations, warm sudorific drinks and enemas ; not waiting for depletion or pur gatives, but employing them secondarily as required.— Dr. Hancock's British Guiana. In the interior parts of Guiana, the purity of the air is such, that in the dry season the stars appear like brilliants in the deep azure sky at night, and we not unfrequently perceive planets in the day-time. I have often observed the planets Jupiter and Venus, when the sun was 20 or 30 degrees above the horizon ; in which case Venus appears through a telescope precisely like the moon in her first quarter. At the same time the splendour of the moon and the zodiacal light con tribute to make the nights most pleasing, and to throw a charm on every object. SINGULAR AND AFFECTING INCIDENT AT SEA Through the kindness of one of our friends at Scarbro' we are enabled to communicate to our readers a singular and affecting incident at sea. On Sunday afternoon, the 4th instant, three little boys of the names of Davis, (15) Carlisle, (14) Fostil, (13) the two former fishermen's sons, were amusing themselves with an excursion on the sea, at Scarbro', in a small boat about 13 feet long, having with them only one oar and a small sail ; the little fellows managed to scull themselves out to a distance of a few miles from land, when thinking they perceived some other boys coming out in a boat to fetch them back again, they hoisted their small sail, and the wind blowing from the shore, the boat Ns as unfortunately carried out a further dis tance to sea. To their inexpressible grief the laud at length entirely disappeared, and, after making several fruit less attempts to regain the shore, darkness put a stop to all further endeavours, and a strong gale of wind forced them to a further distance into the ocean. When the morning returned, not a speck of land could be discerned, and no sail hove in sight ; the situation of the three little boys now became dreadfully distressing, not one of them know ing how to make the land, and not a single mouthful of pro visions, or a draught of water, being on board their frail bark ; to add to their distress, the oldest boy, Davis, fell sick, and continued in that state the whole of the day. The sun again set, leaving them no prospect of a rescue from a watery grave. The feelings of their poor parents on shore all this time were heart-rending, while all endeavours to discover them proved futile. Tuesday morning dawned, and after straining their eyes the whole of the day in search of a sail or land, and wearying themselves with fruitless toil, night again come on, and the three poor little fellows, overcome with fatigue ; hungry, and benumbed with cold ; laid themselves down at the bottom of the boat, and left themselves to the mercy of the wind and waves. On awaking in the morning, they were horror-struck to find their companion, Davis, dead. The little distressed mariners described this as the worst of all. Fortunately, the sea all this while was tolerably calm, but the third day passed over with still less hopes of deliverance ; Wednes day night approached, but no friendly hand was stretched out to save the two youthful mariners, who, with the life less corpse of their companion, continued to float upon the bosom of the waters during the fourth night. In the after noon of Thursday, they descried a sail in the distance, and with eyes filled with tears, they beheld a ship bearing towards them ; she proved to be a Dutch vessel, bound for Amsterdam. The captain immediately took the two shipwrecked boys on board his own vessel; they were in a dreadful state of suffering, having never tasted food from Sunday afternoon. Whil e t h e poor li ttle fellows were being received in the Dutch vessel, they perceived some of the sailors about to throw the body of their companion overboard. With affecting accents they besought their deliverers to let them have the dead body of Davis to take back with them to Scarbro' to his friends, but their entreaties were followed by a heavy splash in the waters, and the body of the poor unfortunate fisherman's boy was lost from their sight. The captain of the vessel, and the whole crew behaved with the greatest kindness to the boys, and upon their vessel reaching her destination at Amsterdam, they forwarded their charge to London, from whence the two inexpressible joy youths set out for Hul l, and to the joy of their distressed and agonivd parents,. they arri v ed in Scarbro' on Wednesday evening last.—Halifax Guardian. A MAN OF BUSINESS.—A friend of ours was in treaty with G—, the horse-dealer (who died the other day), for the purchase of a mare, but could not agree by ten pounds. Next morning, however, making up his mind to offer to split the difference, he posted off to the yard, where the first per son he met was the groom. " Master up, Joe ?" said he. " No, master be dead," said Joe, " but he left word you'd to have the mare."—Kentish Gazette. FOREIGN AND COLONIAL MISCELLANY. 1 PORT ADELAIDE. — The following is an extract of a letter from a settler at Port Adelaide (Australia) to a friend residing at Chertsey March 22, 1840.—1 s it true that reports have reached England that we poor South Australians are starving, and that famine stares us in the face ? I fancy you hear strange tales of us, and John Bull, of course, believes all he hears ; but, joking apart, for several months past all kinds of provisions have been dreadfully dear—the four pound loaf having risen to 4s, and is now selling at 3s. This may sound awful in the ears of an Englishman, but I do as sure you no person need want, even when provisions are at the highest. Children of eight or nine years of age can earn as much as a labouring man in England, and are, therefore, instead of a burden to their parents, a blessing. One instance I will mention, of a boy, who is a candle snuffer at the the atre, and sweeps it out, &c. ; this lad gets lOs a week and his board. This I know to be a fact. Our assizes are just over ; there were many prisoners for trial, and amongst them seve ral bushrangers, who have been lately committing depreda tions in this neighbourhood. Four of them were sentenced to die, but two only suffered. They were executed on Mon day last, and such an execution, I should imagine, was never before witnessed. One of the prisoners resisted to such a degree, by kicking at the hangman, that it was nearly half an hour before the rope could be put round his neck, and then it was done by main force, by three men. Durin g the whole time he smoked a short pipe till he was turned off, and the language he used to the clergyman and others in attendance was horrid in the extreme." SUSPENSION BRIDGE. — Forty English workmen, and two hundred natives are engaged under Mr. Tierney Clarke's direction upon the suspension bridge at Pest. An Algiers letter mentions that the fortifications are being put in a more effective state of defence than they have at any time been. At some points 36-pounders are planted, and at others 80-pound Paixhans guns have been substituted for 18-pounders. All the batteries upon a level with the water, and which have been used as stores for wood, have been re converted to their original purpose. BANKING IN HUNGARY.—A plan for a bank was pub lished in the 'report of a committee of the Diet last session, but nothing has been done. There was a report that an emi nent English house was engaged in some undertaking of this kind, but on account of the parties by whom it was rumoured that they were to be connected, no hopes are entertained on that score. INSULT TO THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN CONSULS AT MARSEILLES.—The Sud has the following :—" An act worthy of the South Sea savages was committed on Sunday night. A rabble of men, strangers to the town, went to in sult the Russian and English consuls in their houses. This violation of the rights of nations has been reprobated by all honourable citizens. It is incredible that such scenes, which are condemned when enacted against us, can be reproduced in France, where the well-known maxim—ritranger est une chose sacree—is admitted to have the force of law. This conduct shows the manner in which some men comprehend patriotism. On this occasion, in addition to the law of prin ciple, we have the question of persons. These two consuls enjoy the esteem of the people of Marseilles, and are regarded more as fellow-countrymen than foreigners. The English consul has resided amongst us for 26 years, and his family are natives of our city." JUNCTION OF THE WATERS OF WESTERN AND EASTERN INDlA.—Lieut. Baker, deputed by Lord Auckland to take the levels between the Sutledge and Jumma, has finished them ; and his report is favourable for the excavation of a canal between Kurmul and Loodianah, by which the waters of Western and Eastern India may be joined together. The successful voyage made by a small steamer from the mouth of the Indus to Loodianah, holds out the most extensive prospect of usefulness from the completion of this grand un dertaking. A deposit of human bones has been found between Vesig neul and Poigny, in the Marne, extending to upwards of 200 yards in length. Besides this, there have been discovered three small vaults, a stone coffin, Roman tiles, fragments of vases, the foundation of a wall four yards in length, and some medals, two of which are of Adrian and one of Constantinus. PROTECTION OF IRON FROM RUSTING BY ZINC.—M. de Althaus, director of the salt-works at Durrenberg, has suc ceeded in completely protecting the evaporating boilers of the salt water, which are thirty feet long, from oxidation, by fastening bands of zinc on the outside. He has observed also, that it is not necessary that the two metals should be polished at the points of contact. This fact, which he has established by more than ten years' experience, seems com pletely to verify the theory of contact. —lnventor's Advocate. A TRICK OF FRENCH THIEVES.—A most extraordinary scene took place, on the evening of Tuesday last, in the Galerie d'Orleans, at the Palais Royal. A considerable crowd assembled, and could only be dispersed by the assist ance of the military of the guard-house of the Theatre Fran cais and the municipal guard. As is generally the case, there were many persons in this gallery. A lady of a most genteel appearance was walking through, when suddenly a young man, who appeared to be following her, exclaimed, Look at her, she is the murderess, do you not know her ?" addressing the crowd. "It is Madame Laffarge, who, in consequence of fortune, has in spite of her condemnation been set at liberty." This individual poured forth most insulting language against the lady, whom he insisted upon was Madame Laffarge. The lady was very soon surrounded, and protested against even the knowledge of the lady alluded to ; but the crowd, which immediately surrounded her, per sisted in not believing in her assertions ; neither the tears nor sobs of the unfortunate lady seemed to have any effect. The despair of the lady increasing, to the sobs succeeded violent hysterics, she rolling herself on the pavement. The crowd round her was so wedged in as to make it impossible to render her assistance. It was in vain that the soldiers of the line attempted to make a passage, and they therefore were obliged to send to the Chateau d'Eau for a reinforce ment, and it was only with the assistance of the garde muni cipale, that they succeeded in dispersing the multitude, and protecting the unfortunate lady, who was taken senseless to the guardhouse, where assistance being procured she re covered her senses, and was conducted to her residence. Thus ended the scene, the object of which was soon found out. Half an hour was hardly elapsed when 10 or 12 per sons, who made a portion of the crowd, returned to the gallery in search of different articles, such as brooches, diamond pins, purses, India handkerchiefs, and snuff boxes. There was no doubt the scene had been got up by pick pockets with the intention of robbing those who would be looking on. TEMPERANCE VERSUS TEETOTALISM A Mr. Rowbotham has delivered a lecture in the Hall of Science, City-road, London, upon " Death, and the uses of wine, ale, and other fermented liquors." The lecturer com menced by adverting to the universal law of self-love, and the desire of preserving life, which is manifested in all or ganised beings, and in man pre-eminently, whose desires are constantly directed not only to the greatest attainable longevity in his present state, but to immortality hereafter. In all animals an instinctive avoidance of death was as in variably manifested as the love of pleasure. From this topic he passed to an inquiry as to what is death? and he came to the conclusion that natural death is, in animals, the hardening, or ossification of the whole system, by which the functions of life are terminated. Every animal, and man amongst the rest, commences life in a fluid state. In in fancy the bones themselves have little solidity—in youth no more than is necessary for the firm support of the body—as age advances the substance of tae bone becomes more com pact—the progress of ossification extends to the other parts of the system—the muscular fibre becomes rigid, and par takes of the osseous character—the nerves stiffen, and lose their energy and sensibility—the vessels thicken in the sub stance, and the blood thickening at the same time, ceases at length altogether to circulate. Thi s gener al ossification is that natural death, which is called death from old age. Hence naturally arires the question, what is the cause of ossification ? And upon a chemical analysts of the bones, it was found that the osseous structure was composed of the following elements : Carbonate of lime Phosphate of lime Gelatine Fluate of calcium . Phosphate of magnesia Soda l. 2 Nthrber of parts lO2. 6 The bony fabric is formed from the gradual deposition of the matter contained in this table. This is deposited from the blood, as it circulates through the system, and the blood is composed of 784 palls in 1000 fluid, and 216 solid. The solid parts consist of fibrin, gelatine, albumen, ozmazome, phosphates of lime and magnesia, sulphates of potass and soda, and ammonia. Chemists are not exactly agreed on the proportions of these elements, in consequence of the difficulty of finding the blood in the same state in different individuals, or in the same individual at different times. But these are the general elements, and the food from which the blood is replenished must contain them. Hence it fol lows that the food which contains the greatest quantity of the earthy matters—the carbonates, phosphates, and fluate —will promote ossification, and therefore shorten life the most rapidly ; whilst that which, conveying the nutriment necessary to support the animal fabric, conveying into the system, at the same time, the least quantity of earthy deposit for ossification, is that best calculated to prolong life, and to maintain the animal functions in their vigour. It was impossible to fix limits to the period to which life might he prolonged by a practical and undeviating attention to these principles. In judging of the proposition, that man could live for centuries, it ought to be borne in mind that time is altogether a human idea. Eternity has no parts, and in nature there is no such thing as old age. If old age and death arise from the deposit of earthy matter in the animal system, it should be found that the individuals and nations which partook the least of those kinds of food which con tained such matter, live the longest ; and the fact is so. It is found by a careful analysis of the various kinds of food used by man, that in 2,5001bs llb of earthy matter Of fruit there is Of tnrnips. carrots, &c., • and eggs, there are .• S Of cabbages, greens, &c. • 6 Of fish Of animal food (average) '2O Of barley. 65 Of peas B5 Of potatoes... ....... Of beans. .. . lB5 Of wheat. 220 ! Now it is related by Plutarch, that the ancient Britons, who fed upon fruits, roots, and fish, attained great age, and re tained their vigour and activity beyond 100 years. Their food contained a small proportion of earthy matter, and maintained a fluid state of the system. The lecturer also cited several authorities as to the longevity of the New Zealanders and others whose food consisted of those mate rials which contain the least of the earthy elements, and not of wheat, &c. But in opposition to those facts it was insisted that not only was wheat the best kind of nutriment, but that spring water was the best drink for man. Now it was ascertained that spring water contained so much of the ossifying and (therefore) life -shortening principle, that a man drinking only spring water for forty years, would in that time take into his system enough of earthy matter to form a marble statue as large as himself. (A laugh.) It was only by the power which the secreting organs possessed of throwing off the largest portion of deleterious matter, that the spring water drinker did not become a pillar of stone in forty years. THE POP DUTY.—EAST R E TFORD, OCT. 15.—At the present time, when cons id era bl e doubt exists as to the amount of duty which the present year's crop of hops is likely to real ise, and when speculation is afloat as to the quantity of new ones which can be brought into the market, perhaps the amount to be paid by the North Clays will be a curiosity for those in the trade to be acquainted with. For our own part we must confess, that small as it is, it is rather more than we had anticipated, which may be accounted for by the weather towards the close of the season being so favourable and genial, as well as the growers being determined to pick every hop ,which was produ ce d w h et h er it was good, bad, or i ndifferent, Such being the case, although the amount can have no sensi ble effect upon the market, we take to ourselves some little credit for making it k nown . It amounts to the enormous sum of £O4 18s! b e i ng ra th er mo re than one-seventieth part grownbathe year 1837. FIRES IN LONDON Between eleven and twelve o'clock on Sunday night a fire broke out in the manufactory of Messrs. Samuda, engineers, Summer-street, Bankside. In a few minutes after the disco very of the fire, the engine and men from the Southwark bridge station arrived, followed by the West of England en gine and a dozen others belonging to the brigade, and being plentifully supplied with water, played with such effect on the burning mass, as to confine it to the stack of buildings (occupying nearly half an acre of ground) in which the fire originated, but not before the whole of Messrs. .Samuda's manufactory was destroyed. By two o'clock all fears of fur ther danger were at an end. Just as the firemen belonging to the London Fire Establish ment and those of the West of England, assisted by the police of the M division, had succeeded in extinguishing the fire which had broken out on the premises of Messrs. Samuda, another was discovered raging in the centre of the extensive piles of timber in the yard of Messrs. Rosling, timber-mer chants, and proprietors of the extensive steam saw-mills, Bankside, and within a hundred yards of the spot of the other scene of destruction. The first intimation of the second fire which the firemen received was a sudden blaze, which at half past twelve o'clock illuminated the horizon. The West of England engine, which had the horses put to for the purpose of going home, was immediately got round by the Borough market, and upon reaching the spot it was placed under the arch of Southwark-bridge, while the men belonging to the brigade, under the direction of Mr. Braidwood, attached other hose to their usual lengths and played upon the fire. By this time the new floating engine lying off the Southwark-bridge was got into play, as well as four more of the brigade engines. Although the whole were at one time throwing immense bodies of water on the flames, the fire had obtained such a hold on the timber as to render all the exertions of the men useless. The fire at this period presented a most magnificent spectacle—five or six piles of timber, about forty feet high, being enveloped in one sheet of flame. While the fire was thus raging above, it worked its way to the arches beneath, in which the more valuable timber was kept, the greater part of which was destroyed. Through the judicious exertions of the firemen of the West of England, they succeeded in saving the premises facing the water side, otherwise the loss and destruction of property would have been most extensive. . . . The extent of damage attendant on these calamitous con flagrations is described by the official report as follows. With regard to the first fire : The factory of Messrs. Samuda and Brothers, engineers, &c., burnt to the ground, together with outbuildings, machi nery, &c.. The firm are insured in the Alliance Fire Office to the extent of £3OOO. The distillery of Messrs. Vincent and Pugh, greatly da maged by fire at the back • insured in the Sun Fire O ffi ce. The factory of Mr. Sandeman, back portion much injured; insured in the Licensed Victuallers to the extent of £l5OO. The hop warehouse of Mr. Smith, also damaged by fire and_water ; insured in the Sun for £lOOO. Nos. 2,3, 4, and 5, Heremes-court, occupied by poor fa milies, seriously injured by fire and water. The buildings and the unfortunate inmates, who are considerable sufferers, are not insured. Other houses in the neighbourhood are stated to be da maged, but the entire amount of loss cannot at present be ascertained. At the fire at the Southwark-bridge Wharf, the whole of the saw-mills, one large stack of timber, and the southern part of the wharf destroyed, and other stacks of timber much injured. Messrs. Rosling are insured in the Phoenix to the amount of £BBOO. Messrs. Hutchinson and Co., dye and drug mills, the frontage severely injured by fire; insured. The Windmill public-house, in Horse-shoe-alley, occupied by Mr. Thomas Dowsett, much damaged; insured in the Licensed Victuallers' Office. —Morning Post. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. GRE,\T NORTH OF ENGLAND RAILWAY.-A meeting of the proprietors of the Great North of England Railway Com pany was held at Darlington a few days ago, for the purpose of adopting a code of bye-laws for the regulation of minor matters not provided for in the act of incorporation, Henry Stobart, Esq. of Etherley, vice-chairman, in the chair. — After the proposed bye-laws were read and unanimously adopted by the meeting, some questions from a proprietor led to a statement from the directors on the subject of con tinuing the railway northwards, to the effect that they had instructed their engineer to re-survey the line from Darling ton to Newcastle, for the purpose of including some devia tions suggested by him at the Shincliffe valley, and in cross ing the river Wear, which would cause a great saving of expense to the company. without injuring the gradients ; and also with the intention of crossing the river Tyne, so as to form a junction with the Newcastle and Carlisle, the North British, and the Brandling Junction Railways. By the above arrangement. the terminus of the Great North of England Railway will be on the north bank of the Tyne, to which point it is expected the North British Railway to Edin burgh will extend, and thus form an unbroken railway com munication between London and Edinburgh of the most un exceptionable kind, having reference to safety, speed, and economy of working. There will be no gradient on the whole line, from London to Edinburgh, exceeding 1 in 300, nor a curve exceeding a mile radius. It is well known that no lines can be made on the west side of the island at all to compare with those of the east costs in these respects, and it may therefore be anticipated that the railway commissioners appointed by government will decide in favour of the latter, as the main trnnk railway between the two kingdoms.— Newcastle Journal. _ _ _ - BIRMINGHAM AND GLOUCESTER RAILWAY.--One of the engines of this company made its first experimental trip to this city on Saturday last. The engine started from Chel tenham with a train of first and second class carriages and trams, arriving at the temporary station in this city at twelve o'clock, where a large number of spectators had assembled. Two journeys were performed : in the last trip the distance was accomplished in sixteen minutes, to the great satisfaction of those who were lucky enough to secure seats on the occa sion. Experimental trips have also been made on each day during the present week, but the regular trains will not com mence running until the 2d of next month.—Gloucester Chronicle. The receipts of the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway for the week ending October 3rd, were £1704 4s. 2d. The shares bear a steady premium of £7los. THE NORTH MIDLAND RAILWAY.—The directors of the North Midland Railway, with a view to afford the utmost possible security against accidents on the line, determined at a recent meeting to appoint an additional police force of twenty men, to be stationed along the whole line, so that each man should have to watch an extent not exceeding three or four miles in length. This distance is to be perambulated by the policeman several times in the course of the day, so as to guard against persons walking on the railway, and also to provide that no obstruction exists which can lead to any casualty. Five of the London police are to be appointed superintendents, with fifteen men under their direction. The directors afterwards resolved to give notice to the contrac tors who supplied the defective axles, one of which broke on the occasion of the late fatal accident, that the railway com pany would require them to replace all the axles with others of the best workmanship, and also that they were expected to bear the expense entailed on the North Midland Company by that lamentable occurrence.—Halifax Guardian. RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. [Length of line opened, 73 miles.] For the week ending October 11 : Receipts £5486 8 91 YORK AND NORTH MIDLAND RAILWAY [Length of line, 23 miles.] For the week ending October 12 Receipts.. Passengers £896 15 2 53595 LONDON AND GREENWICH RAILWAY [Length of line, 31 miles.] For the week ending October 15 : Receipts.. Passengers £991 7 6 31,993 LONDON AND CROYDON RAILWAY. [Length of line, 104 miles.] For the week ending October 15 : Receipts Passengers.. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY. [Length of line, 31 miles.] For the week ending October 9 : Receipts £5209 19 10 BIRMINGHAM AND DERBY JUNCTION RAILWAY. [Length of line, 384 miles.] For the week ending October 10 : Receipts . . NORTH MIDLAND RAILWAY. [Length of line, 721 miles.] For the week ending October 10 : Receipts £3067 8 9 _ LONDON AND SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY. [Length of line, 77 miles.] For the week ending October 19 : Passengers, &c £4582 8 3 Merchandise GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY. [Length of line, 97 miles.] For the week ending October 10 : Receipts MANCHESTER AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY. [Open between Manchester and Stockport.—Goods not yet carried.] Traffic for week ending Oct. 19, 1840 : Passengers (11,027) £3l7 12 11 Or at the rate Of £63 10s. 7d. per mile per week. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S-MONDAY CAmattinoEsntßn STAKES.—In the early part of the afternoon The Ruler was first favourite, the several prices being about the same as at Newmarket on Friday last. The Clarion party, however, increased in number and confidence as the evening approached, took the sevens and sixes to one freely, and finally placed him at the top of the list of favour ites ; this drove The Ruler back a point, but did not lead to any other change worth dwelling on. The Derby remains in precisely the same state as when we last gave the odds ; 8 to 1 was taken to £2OO, and afterwards offered against Chameleon, and some small sums laid out on three or four others. The following were the closing prices : CAMBRIDGESHIRE STAKES. 5 to 1 agst Hon. S. Herbert's Clarion 6to 1 „ Mr. Eddison's The Ruler (taken) 7to 1 ~ Colonel Peel's Dey of Algiers (taken) 9to 1 ~ Lord Albemarle's Janus 11 to 1 „ Lord Stradbroke's Hesione (taken) 12 to 1 „ Mr. Beresford's Bob Peel (taken) sto 2 „ The Dey of Algiers and Clarion (taken) 7to 2 „ Clarion and Janus (taken) 6to 1 „ Bob Peel and Monops (taken.) THE DERBY. 8 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Chameleon (taken) 30 to 1 ~ Mr. Buckley's Brother to Tom (taken) 30 to 1 ~ Colonel Peel's Hawkeye 30 to 1 ~ Mr. Wreford's Wahab (take 35 to 1) 1000 to 10 „ General Yates's Simoom (taken) 700 to 100 „ Colonel Peel's lot (taken) Offers to back Sir Hans or Eringo at 25 to 1 each, or jointly at 12 to 1. STATE OF TRADE MANCHESTER.—The recent restrictive measure on the part of the Bank of England has produced, as might natu rally be expect e d, an injurious effect upon this market. Goods and yarn were both sold at lower prices yesterday ; and the demand for both was extremely limited. ROCHDALE FLANNEL MARKET, OCt, 19th.—There has been considerable activity in the flannel-market to-day, and the demand still continues good. Though there has not been a decided advance in prices, yet manufacturers are asking more for their goods. During this last week, another small manufacturer has assigned over his effects for the benefit of his creditors. The wool market has been about the same as that of the preceding Monday, both as respects prices, and the quantity of business done. HUDDERSFIELD MARKET, Oct. 20, 1840.—There was little or no change in the aspect of this market to-day ; the demand for winter goods being pretty brisk, as of late. — Prices remain firm, but not buoyant.. Wools have a trifling upward tendency, Business m the warehouses continues an a verage for the season. The failure of a foreign house has had the effect of inducing more caution in a credit trade ; and the principal having absconded, has produced a little excite ment.—Manchester Guardian. Mr. Barry states that the new houses of parliament will be completed by the beginning of the session of 1851. VARIETIES. BLOOD-LETTING IN CASES OF SUICIDE.—The cases of individuals who were insane at the moment when the act of self-destruction was attempted, but who recovered the use of their reasoning, after having inflicted a wound attended with loss of blood, fully testify the importance of general and local depletion in certain cases of central disease, attended by this unfortunate propensity. It will not, in all cases, he proper to abstract blood ; for the great disposition to suicide has been known to exist where there was a deficiency of blood in the brain. The practitioner should examine the condition of the patient thoroughly before he recommends active depletion. Sixty per cent. of the cases of suicide will, however, be found with central disease, either of a primary or a secondary nature ; and to the condition of the brain the medical man's attention should be particularly directed. — Anatomy of Suicide. LEGISLATIVE ELOQUENCE.—The following report of a speech made before the Tennessee legislature by Col. J. M. H—, a representative from Knox county, is said to be strictly accurate :—" Fellow Citizens, I didn't come here to make a speech at this time, but only just to extinguish my self as a candidate. Gentlemen, lam the floating candidate for the superfluous district, and I only want to make a few remarks at this time. A good many of you, gentlemen, has never seen me before, and I merely wailt to state my views upon the question to be agitated. Gentlemen, I was horn in the county of Sullivan, and Focht up in Knox, without pearantage, and if it hadn't been for the goodness of God and several other gentlemen, who tuk me when but an orphan boy, at 21 years of age, gin The an education, I might have been as ignorant as the common people, or you, gentlemen. Gentlemen, my father was a patriach of the revolution, and lam a patriach. Gentlemen, my father stained the walls of America with his blood, and when Gen. Jackson killed the injuns at Orleans, I waded up to my knees in mud. Gentle men, I am opposed to Nullification. Gentlemen, I would rather be a allipot slave than for to be a Nullifier. Gentle men, I hain t got time to give you my views now, and I will call upon you again in a few days ; but, gentlemen, there is a sort of_ Big Bugs who are tryin to put me down ; but, gen- tlemen, I defy 'el, gentlemen. I hope to be delivered out . - of the hands of enemies as Moses was delivered out of the hands of the bulrushes! Gentlemen, come over across the square, and take something, and we'll get better acquainted." GETTING INTO A MEss.—l say, Power, what a bad style of dress they've got into latterly, with their tight waists and strapped trousers—nothing free, nothing easy, nothing degage about it. When in a campaign, a man ought to be able to stow prog for twenty-four hours about his person, and no one the wiser. A very good rule, I assure you, though some times it leads to awkward results. At Vimiera, I got into a sad scrape that way. Old Sir Harry, that commanded there, sent for a sick return. I was at dinner when the orderly came ; so I packed up the eatables about me, and rode off. . . m Just, however, as 1 came up to my quarters, y horse turn bled, and threw me slap upon my head. "Is he killed ? " said Sir Harry. " Only stunned, your excellency," said some one. " Then he'll come to, I suppose—look for the papers in his pocket." So they turned me on my back, and plunged a hand into my side pocket ; but the devil take it, they pulled out a roast hen. Well, the laugh was scarcely over at this, when another fellow dived in my coat behind, and lugged out three sausages ; and so they went on, till the ground was covered with ham, pigeon pie, veal kidney, and potatoes ; and the only thing like a paper was a mess roll of the 4th, with a droll song about Sir Harry, written in pencil on the back of it. Devil of a bad affair for me ; I was nearly broke for it ; but they only reprimanded me a little ; and was attached to the victualling department. —Charles O'Mal ley. Those who are inclined to wonder how the immense stones of which Druidical and other monuments of remote antiquity are constructed could have been taken from their original situations and placed in their present positions, may have their surprise considerably qualified by witnessing the tran sporting, by limited and ordinary means, of the huge masses of oolite, which are now being almost every day brought down Widcombe hill, from the quarries on Claverton Down, for the construction of the works connected with the Great Western Railway. We saw the other day, near Widcombe Crescent, a number of persons assembled round a waggon, and on drawing near to ascertain the object of their curiosity, we found that they were gazing on a Brobdignagian mono lithe, fifteen feet long, four feet thick, and weighing not much short of ten tons. It was dragged down the hill by seven horses. The road to Claverton Down has, during the last year, been subjected to so much wear and tear by the waggons carrying stone for the railway, that some months since a turnpike bar was placed at the top of the hill, for the especial benefit of the persons engaged in these extraordinary haulages.—Bath Chronicle. AN IRISH NOTION OF PHYSIC.—" Well, Mike, I'll speak to some of my friends here about you, and we'll settle it all properly : here's the Doctor." " Arrah, Mister Charles, don't mind him ; he's a poor crayture entirely ; never a thing he knows." " Why, what do you mean, man ? he's phy sician to the forces." " Oh, by gorra, and so he may be," said Mike, with a toss of his head ' • " those army docthors isn't worth their salt. It's truth I'm telling you : sure, didn't he come to see me when I was sick below in the hould." " How do you feel," says he. " Terrible dliry in the mouth," says I. " But your bones," says he, " how's them ?" "As if cripples were kicking me," says I. " Well, with that lie wint away, and brought back two powders." " Take them," says he, •‘ and you'll he cured in no time." " What's them ?" says I. " There ematics," says he. " Turf and ages," says I, " are they ?" " Sorra a lie," says he ; " take them immediately." " And I tuk them—and would you be lieve me, Mister Charles ? it's truth I'm telling you—deuce a one of them would stay on my stomach. So you see what a docthor he is."—Charles O'Malley. ' THE GOLDEN PIPPIN.—The golden pippin in itvfaas oe Sussex, and is said to have been first reared at Parham-park, which is situated on the north side of the South Devon. The Dutch acknowledge it to be an English apple in their cata logue of fruits, where it is called the " Engelsche ground Pip ping." The French call it " Pippin d'Or," which is a tran slation of the English name. Catherine, Empress of Russia, was so fond of this apple, that she was regularly supplied with it from England ; and in order that she might have it in the greatest perfection, every apple was separately enveloped in silver paper before it was packed. STATISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION.—Above 30,000 birds, chiefly the common fowl, have been hatched by the eccaleobion during the two years it has been before the pub lic. The eggs used have exceeded 40,000, being a failure of about one-fourth. This is not owing to any defect in the machinery, or its application, but to Want or impregnation, staleness, or jolting of the eggs in conveyance to and from the market. The greatest number of failures are from eggs laid during the moulting season, when the ill condition of the birds renders many of them unproductive. Most of the birds are reared, and fatten well, the average loss being less than in the farmyard. ORIENTAL NOTIONS OF JUSTICE.—Of oriental notions of justice, says Dr. Bowring, the following conversation, which took place between a Mussulman governor and an English traveller, will give a characteristic idea :—Governor : Is it true that you in England send your thieves and rogues to a distant country ? Traveller : Yes.—Governor : And what may be the cost of sending each ? Traveller : Perhaps one hundred pounds sterling, or ten thousand piastres.—Gover nor : And what is the cost of a sabre ? Traveller : About £lO, or 1000 piastres.—Governor : What is the cost of a hempen rope ? Traveller : Almost nothing.—Governor : And you call yourselves a civilized and an instructed people ; you who can get a sabre for 1000 piastres, and a rope for al most nothing. A sabre that would behead many rogues, and a rope that would hang many thieves—and who pay 10,000 piastres to get rid of one. This is your civilization ! THE LATE SUICIDE OF MR. GEORGE ELLIS INMAN.— This gentleman, who suddenly put a period to his existence on Saturday night last, has been for some time a contributor to various periodicals, and was the author of several popular ballads and numerous poetical effusions. For the last year he had been occasionally subject to fits of mental suffering and excitement, induced by over-study and the injudicious nee of physical stimulants. In 1837, a medal was awarded by the Melodists' Club for the words of a song entitled " The Days of Yore," which were set to music by John Parry, Jun., and gained the prize of the value of ten guineas in 1838. He was also the writer of the national song, " St. George's Flag of England," composed by Mr. Blewitt, to whom the same club awarded its prize of fifteen guineas on the 25th June last. Mr. Inman also wrote the song " Sweet Mary mine " (composed by J. Parry, Jun.,) which Madame Stockhausen and Miss Birch rendered so popular last sea son.—Standard. HINTS TO RAILWAY TRAVELLERS.—The following six rules are worthy the attention of all persons travelling by railway :-1. Never travel by night. 2. Occupy the centre seat in the centre division of the centre carriage of the train. The motion is less : you cannot thrust your arms or head out of the window : the majority of travellers choose the seat next the window ; it is consequently an even chance you can rest your legs on the seat opposite : if the carriage is upset, you are not so liable to be cut by the glass, and it is not quite certain you will be " literally smashed to pieces." 3. Al ways compel the porters to place your luggage on the roof of the carriage that contains you : any small parcel under your seat : if active, you will be able to keep possession of your own on arrival at your destination. N.B. Take away no lug gage but your own. 4. Never go by the first morning train. If any obstruction, or if any embankment has been washed away in the night, this is the train to discover such malheur. 5. Always select the fast trains—the word " fast" only sig nifying better conducted, and that you stop four instead of fourteen times between London and Birmingham 6. Avoid the society of old nurses and their accompaniments as you would the plague. CHINESE GOVERNMENT.—Among the Chinese, eminent learning is attained only by great application and perseve rance. The first years at school are spent in committing the canonical books to memory ; another six years are required to supply the students with phrases for a good style ; and an additional number of years spent in incessant toil are needed to ensure success. Long before the break of day, the Chinese student may be heard chaunting the sacred books, and till late at night the same task is continued. Of one man it is related that he tied his hair to a beam of the house, in order to prevent his nodding to sleep. Another, more resolute, was in the habit of driving an awl into his thigh when inclined to slumber. One poor lad suspended his book to the horns of the buffalo, that he might learn while following the plough ; and another bored a hole in the wainscot of his cottage, that he might steal a glimpse of his neighbour's light. They tell of one, who, fearing the task assigned him was too hard, gave up his book in despair, and was returning to a manual employment, when he saw an old woman rubbing a crow-bar on a stone. He asked her the reason ; she replied that she was just in want of a needle, and thought she would rub down the crow-bar till she got it small enough. The pa tience of the aged female provoked him to make another attempt, and he succeeded in attaining to the rank of emi nence in the empire.—llledluirst's China. COLOURING MARBLE.—The act of colouring marbles, so as to give them the richest and most beautiful tints, has been recently carried to great perfection in Italy, by M. Ciceri. A solution of nitrate of silver penetrates into the marble, and produces a deep colour. A solution of nitrate of gold pene trates about the 12th part of an inch ; it gives a beautiful violet purple. A solution of verdigris gives a clear green ; solutions of dragon's blood likewise penetrate marble, giving it a beautiful red. It is penetrated to a considerable thick ness, by all alcoholic tinctures of colouring woods, such as Brazil-wood, Campeachy, &c. The alcoholic tincture of cochineal, mixed with a little alum, produces a very beauti ful bright colour, which penetrates far into the marble, and makes it resemble the red marble of Africa. Orpiment dis solved in ammonia quickly dyes marble a yellow colour, which becomes more vivid the longer it is exposed to the air. The solvent which causes the colouring matter to pene trate farthest into the marble, is wax. Verdigris, which has been boiled in wax, and applied to marble quite hot, pene trates to the extent of nearly half an inch, and produces a fine emerald. DURABILITY OF MODERN BUILDINGS.—It is well known that the dilapidated state of many stone buildings and erec tions, even of modern structure, led to the appointment of a commission to ascertain the best kind of building stone to be used in the erection of the new Houses of Parliament. After an examination of a great many quarries and build ings, it was ultimately resolved to employ that stone which was used in the erection of the Collegiate Church of South well, in Nottinghamshire, which is in a remarkably fine state of preservation. Many of the buildings in the metropolis are memorable instances of the folly of using perishable stone, which is chiefly owing to its having been excavated from the top of the quarry, where it is generally of a very porous na ture. Of this Blackfriars and Westminster bridges are no torious instances, from the great periodical expense of repairs. The restorations of Henry the Eighth's chapel, at Westminster, only just finished, are already crumbling away ; part of the columns of the park lodges , near the Regent's Park, in Langham-place, are fretting away, and the ower of the same church is flawed in many places. An appeal was made to the Commissioners at Swindon a few days since, against the tax upon a dog, on the ground that the animal was deaf and dumb! A DINNER AT CAI3BUL.—A repast, the best I saw at Caubul, followed ; an ewer and basin of silver was presented to every guest, who received from it a little water in his right hand ; white cloths were spread upon the ground, and upon these, before every five or six persons, were placed shallow wooden trays, containing the choicest specimen of Caubul cookery. A huge pilau of boiled rice, under which were buried shoulders and ribs of mutton, over-roasted, dry, and insipid, was heaped upon a large and valuable china saucer, which was placed in the centre of every tray. This pilau was not equal in appearance or taste to the pilau of Persia. Around it, in smaller saucers, were broken portions of mutton and chicken, roasted, boiled, or stewed up with eggs and spinach ; a few preparations of milk and rice of different colours—some sweet, others acidulated ; these mainly completed the dinner. The only dish that I had ever seen before at a similar party was composed of a stewed quail. Afterwards warm water was again handed to the guests, who sat with bared wrists, and their hands en carta, till their turn for ablution arrived. They finished by stroking down their beards and growling out a Mussulman grace. They sat for some time afterwards with the utmost complacency, evincing the greatest satisfac tion at the good dinner they had eaten.—A Personal Narra tive of a Visit to Ghu:ni, Caubul, and Afghanistan. A TRAVELLING PARTY IN CIRCASSIA.—Our cavalcade which issued from the yard of our kodag amidst the cries of " Ogmaf!" " ogmaf !" (farewell ! farewell!) from the assem bled neighbourhood, presented a train as motley and pic turesque almost as that of the pilgrims to Canterbury. Fore most of all, borne by my Greek, whom I had constituted my beiraktar, or standard-bearer, fluttered in the morning breeze the white arrows and stars on the field of green silk, already familiar, I presume, to the English public, as a national ban ner of Circassia. The standard-bearer himself, with his dashing dress of the islands ; the embroidered jacket and re dundant trousers ; his gallant bearing and military glee at finding himself once more on a war-saddle, formed no con ' temptible figure-head to the procession. After him came Alcide Bey (the metamorphosed writer of these volumes), having Islam Gleri Indar Oglou on his right, and his rogue of a hadji on his left. The former with his bow, quiver, and costume, the gentle and dignified demeanour I have already described ; the latter jogging along in the high turban, antery, and shalvar of the Turk, as fidgety and talkative as my other companion was grave and sedate. As for myself, the dress I wore was like my sentiments, at that time in a state of tran sition ; nor had I yet renounced my European surtout, or all my European prejudices. The costume of the rest of my train, composed of my servants and escort, exhibited much the same variety.—Longworth's Year among the Circassian:. THE LATE PRINCESS AUGUSTA.—The following anec dote of her royal highness is related in the Britannia :—A few years back her royal highness paid a visit to the ruins of Pe vensey Castle. She entered into familiar conversation with the aged female whose province it is to point out the more remarkable features of the scene to occasional visitors. After some interval the princess took a seat on a camp stool and continued for a considerable time to sketch the surrounding objects. When she had completed her task she asked her aged cicerone to procure some boiling water, and partook of tea with her attendants. During the whole time the princess occasionally directed her converation to the female already mentioned, and that with such a perfect absence of everything approaching to supercilious pretension, that the woman re mained in entire ignorance of the quality of her guests, until the parting liberality of the princess upon a scale to which the receiver of her bounty was but little accustomed, induced her to make inquiries, which led to a recognition of the rank of her illustrious guest. MONEY OF THE COMMONWEALTA.—The commonwealth struck money during the lifetime of the king (Charles I.), with his name and titles ; but after his death new dies were ordered to be made by Thomas Simon. These coins are dis tinguished from all others in the English series. The types furnished the cavaliers with a subject for much joke and ri baldry. The double shield on the reverse was called " the breeches for the rump." In allusion to the legends, God and the commonwealth were said to be on opposite sides. A wag launched the following epigram at them : " May their success like to their coin appear, Send double crosses for their single cheer." The witty Fuller says, " I hope hereafter, when the question is asked of our coiners, whose image and superscription is this? it will be returned " the Caesar's of England!' "-- Akerman's Numismatic Manual. HAT HUNT.—One of the best hat-hunts we recollect ever to have seen occurred last winter on the Mound at Edin burgh ; an excellent place, by the way, for seeing sport of this kind; for the wind rushing through the gullet on its western side, and straightened in its course by the Castle rock, sweeps it with the violence of the tornado. Circum stances were eminently favourable : the wind was high, the gentleman fat, and the hat an uncommonly spirited one. On first starting from his head, it careered directly against the wall on the east side, which it struck with a crack and a re bound that left no doubt on the minds of its beholders of its crown being shattered. For a moment the hat seemed stunned by the blow, and lay quietly on the footpath. De ceived by its acquiescence, its owner approached it with a smile, and was about to grasp it, when (as hats always do in such circumstances) off it started, and away down the Mound, in a style that called forth the rapturous admiration of the bystanders, who expressed their feelings by sundry shouts of exultation. On starting on its new career, the hat made di rectly for some iron railings, and every one thought that there the chase must end ; but on approaching within a few yards, it suddenly took a westerly direction, skimmed along parallel to the rails until it had cleared the obstruction, when off at a tangent it went down the opening on the west side; the gentleman still pursuing, but becoming evidently much blown. Having reached Prince's-street, the hat took along that street in a lateral direction, and ended by crossing the flag-stone, and coming slap against the window of an area or sunk shop, shivering a four-and-sixpenny pane to atoms. Here it lay down quite exhausted ; it could do no more, but it had done well; and here it was picked up by its breathless owner, in what condition we leave the reader to judge—the day being a very wet one, and the streets being consequently very dirty. It was altogether one of the finest things of the kind we ever saw ; the general effect of the scene being greatly improved by the attendance on the bald-headed gen tleman, the pursuer, of a highly excited and greatly-delighte d mob, who cheered him and the hat alternately with great vigour and cordiality. The finale, too, let us remark, was something quite new ; the smashing of the glass was like the finish of some splendid affair.—London Saturday josol' al : THE ELIZABETH RITTF.—The best known and mos t dis tinguishing characteristic of the costume of Elizabeth's d a l was the ruff, which was worn of such enormous size that a lady in full dress was obliged to feed herself with a spoon ts 9 feet long. In the year 1580 sumptuary laws were publishet by proclamation, and enforced with great exactness, by wid e " the ruffs were reduced to legal dimensions. Extravagant prices were paid for them, and they were made at first of fine holland ; but early in Elizabeth's reign they began to wear lawn and cambric, which were brought to England in veil small quantities, and sold charily by the yard or half yard; for there was then hardly one shopkeeper in fifty who dared to speculate in a whole piece of either. "So strange and wonderful was this stuff," says Stowe, speaking of lawn, " that thereupon rose a general scoff or byword that shortly they would wear ruffs of a spider's web."—The Art of Nee dlework, by the Countess of Wilton. THE LATE JAMES SMlTH.—Having met at a dinner party the late Mr. Strachan, the king's printer, then suffering from gout and old age, though his intellectual faculties remained unimpaired, he sent him next morning the following JO d'esprit " Your lower limbs seem'd far from stout When last I saw you walk ; The cause I presently found out When you began to talk. The power that props the body's length, In due proportion spread, In you mounts upwards, and the strength All settles in the head." This compliment proved so highly acceptable to the old gen tleman, that he made an immediate codicil to his will, 11, which he bequeathed to the writer the sum of three hundre d pounds ! Since the days of Sannazarius, it may be question ed whether any bard has been more liberally remunerated for an equal number of lines.—Memoirs of the late James Smith' COMFORTABLE CIRCUMSTANCES FAVOUR FORESIGTIT.'" It is a most remarkable fact, totally at variance with whit! might a priori be expected, but confirmed by the universa l experience of mankind, that the dominion of reason over the passions, the habit of foresight, and the power of forming $ systematic plan for the conduct of life are just in proportion to the degree in which the danger of immediate want or the pressure of actual suffering hare been removedfrom mankind. The savage who has no stock whatever for his support-1 40 is in danger of immediate starvation, if his wonted supplie s from the chase or his herds were to fail—is totally regardless of the future in every part of the world ; while the rich maw whose subsistence and affluence are almost beyond the reach of chance, is incessantly disquieted about the manner in which his subsequent life is to be spent. The certain prospect of instant death to himself and all that are dear to him, from the occurrence of a very probable event, is unable to drag the attention of the one from the enjoyments of the moment' while the slight but improbable chance of a diminution in the smallest articles of future comfort, renders the other indiffe rent to the means of present enjoyment whtch are within reach.—Alison's Principles of Population. PROTECTION AGAINST SCARLET' FBVER.—SCATICtiIIar as annual visitor at this season, has this year prevailed to 6 greater extent than usual; scarcely a town in the kingdn° but has felt its effects, though some but slightly, yet in others it has been more severe than for many precedint years; it has been almost entirely confined to children' Nightshade has been recommended by the first physicians ill Europe—Dr. Hahneman, of Leipsic, Dr. Brindt, of Castri o r Dr. Muhsbeck, of Dearmin, in Western Pomerania, Dr; Dustenbourg, of Warbourg, and many others who have trio' and proved its good effects in all cases. Those who have used this precaution have, though in the infected houses, escaped the infection. It is also recommended by our own celebrated Dr. Graham. The formula recommended is, solution of two grains of the extract of nightshade, in as ounce of distilled water. To children of from one to ten years of age, from one to five drops of this solution is given four times a day; from ten years upwards, from six to ten drops is given also four times in the twenty-four hours. In some instances this has been continuedi for a fortnight. -- ' Preston Pilot. ANECDOTE.—We see by the papers that in Vauxhall Bridge-road, on Thursday week, a fine horse rode by a gentle' man of fashionable appearance was owned by General Sir it' Burton, in passing, as the horse of his friend a Colonel Giles' which had been stolen. The gentleman, a Mr. Tyrrell, ga°' e of course, astounded, he having recently bought the hor se ' Means are being taken to secure the thief who stole th horse and sold it to Mr. Tyrrell. This reminds us of a story connected with the memorable Corunna retreat which w e have sometimes heard. It is well known that on that ocell; sion the cavalry were obliged to shoot their horses on the cliffs, and in this way many a noble animal was cast into tu t tide to perish. It happened as the vessels were hurrying 011 to sea that a singular kind of noise was heard under t 0 counter of one of the transports, and on investigation it vi, found that a remarkably fine horse was struggling for en.; tence in the water. The master of the transport thought, t' it might find a mument of spare time to save the animal, ano. l a short space it was hoisted on board. It proved to be uron; jured, and was brought to England and sold. Two or tb re years afterwards a gentleman was riding the horse throng!: the streets of one of our garrison towns, when to his surp rl 4 an officer of hussars came up and claimed the horse es own. —Lancaster Gazette. JOHN.—We have thought this ancient name would l '„ t handed down to the latest generation, and we now doubt ei`l'e that the latest inhabitant of this world will be a John. "4 infer this from the rapid increase of John, and we fear ti t ro the name of John will be given to everybody. Step into street, and the first name you hear is John ; go into tuis crowd, and John is the first to greet you; if any thil,lg ne wanted, just call John ; a burglary committed, John has „ r ol l: , it ; a wedding on hand, John is a party ; a defalcation, . 1 ,., 1 4) is off to Texas ; a row in the street, John is its author ; Int der going the rounds, John is its retailer ; a loafer brongit, before the police court, " Why, is that you, John ?" _ nO CI ness wanted, call John ; a funeral invitation, " t e John is dead ;" a mob raised, John is at its head ; a be served, John is the very man, no other name will anal l i o . Heaven be praised that our name is not John.—Brothe r nathan. LIVERPOOL: FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1840. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JOSHUA FLETCHER LACE, of 88, Mount Pleasant► AND LEONARD ADDISON, of 14, Great Orford -street.