The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1853-10-11 00:00:00

Life hal 501172% FROM HOC o exits— by the Hill and Val Of years. The valley o'er which mists brood Dale Receives the race of men. But the high Hill Our saints asc I, as nighest God, what titre They quit us for the skies. In its calm clime, Where day sets not, and holy winds are still, The world's far clamour mingleth low but clear With echoes from on high. 0 I Father dear, Upon whose brow, even now, I see the snov That never melts, be thine to choose the Heiglit ; But, having reach'd the go,' Toal of all thy sighs, Forbear W**e.us, though the Heavens be bright. Stand, Father, 05 the top with heavenward eyes, And keep the watch of love for them who toil below REVIEWS OF BOOKS Blackwood's Magazine. Edinburgh : Blackwoods. It is always a labour of love to notice a magazine which, confessedly at the head of our periodical literature, maintains its position so ably and so well. The number for October commences with a review of " Uncle Tom's Cabin ;" a work which the writer acknowledges to have read only within the last month. He admits many faults of con struction in the story, but highly eulogises the genius, piety, and good intention of Mrs. Stowe, in her celebrated book ; of which the gem, in the reviewer's opinion, is the character of Topsy. Speaking of another character, Cagey, he de scribes her as " a being whom we did not suppose Mrs. Stowe, with all our trust in her previously exhibited powers, equal to conceiving and sup porting. She occasionally reminds us of some of the greatest passages in Greek tragedy." Praise from such a source, and it is not spared, must add to the already wide reputation of the authoress. —The charming story of " Lady Lee's Widow hood" is brought to a conclusion, after the approved fashion, though it seems to have required several glaring improbabilities to accomplish it.—The third part of the notice on " New Readings in Shakspere" completes the review of the several alterations proposed by the MS. commentator, ushered into notice by Mr. Payne Collier. It is a merciless onslaught on the daring hand—for whose occupation the writer has no sympathy—when he was " paring and pruning the darling of the uni verse." We agree with the reviewer in most of his conclusions, but must take exception to his expla nation of the following passage in " Antony and Cleopatra," where Caesar says : " But you are come A market-maid to Rome, and have prevented The ostentation of our love, which left, unshown, Is often left unloved." The meaning of which the reviewer conceives to be—love which is left unshown is often left un returned. A far more obvious interpretation is, that where love is left unshown, it often ceases to be felt. In the tragedy of " Macbeth," Act IV., scene 1., he gives the MS. commentator credit for altering, " Rebellious head, rise never" into " Re bellion's head." It is an alteration with which we have been familiar long before the old corrector was brought to light.—A paper, headed, " Rail and Saddle in Spain," is a sweeping, though de served exposure of the perfidy and dishonesty of the Spanish Government, and a caution against embarking any money in Spanish Railway schemes. There is no political article this month, and the number concludes with an able vindication of the character of Dean Swift, from the unjust and un charitable aspersions of Mr. Thackeray, in his Lec tures on " English Humonrists." Chambers' _Edinburgh, Journal. Liverpool : Orr. The part just published is one of the best which has yet appeared, notwithstanding the long and popular career of this well-conducted periodical. It contains several highly-interesting articles, both of entertainment and information, of which not the least curious is an exposure of the secrets of some of the apparently unintelligible advertisements which have appeared in the Times. The Dodd Family Abroad. By Charles Lever No. XIV. London : Chapman and Hall. The adventures of this erratic Hibernian house hold continue as full of frolic and courted mishaps as ever. The manoeuvring blunders of the mamma, the little more skilful fishing of the daughter and son, and the half-knowing, "half blind perversity of the father, afford materials for as nice a milange as the most enthusiastic lover of light literature could desire. The illustrative etchings are, as usual, clever and characteristic. Tice Comedies of Aristophanes. A New and Literal Translation. By William James Hickie. Vol. 11. London : Henry G. Bohn. On the English student of the Greek classics, few greater boom can be bestowed, by any means, than by furnishing him with literal translations of the standa r d G ree authors, and more especially of the dramatic poets. In the dramatic poetry of Greece, the machinery and language employed have so little in common with the same appliances of the English drama, that a thorough comprehen sion of the meaning, and even an approximate appreciation of the former is to a common English scholar a matter of considerable difficulty and great labour. By the intervention of such translations as this, the concluding volume of which is now before us, much of this labour is spared and nearly all the difficulty obviated. On the first volume we felt warranted in bestowing a warm and approving welcome, and we are glad to find that this, the concluding one, sustains the charac ter of the first. The present volume contains "Lysistrata," "The Thesmophoriazusw," "Frogs," " Ecelesiazusw," and " Plutus ;" and, as in the preceding volume, the translator, in addition to a literal English rendering of the text, furnishes us also with copious readings from the best German and other commentators ; besides giving parallel illustrative passages from Greek and other poets. In short, the translation and its accompanying notes display much scholarly attention and a ready understanding of the author, as well as familiarity with the elucidatory remarks of the best commen tators. It forms a highly creditable addition to the valuable series published by Mr. Bohn under the denomination of the " Classical Library." The Universal Library. Nos. 21 and 22 London : Ingram, Cooke, and Co. The two parts just issued of the very hand some and comprehensive series published under the . denomin a ti on o f th e " U n i versa l Lib rary " maintain its character for cheapness and elegance. They contain " Bacon's Essays, and Locke on the Reasonableness of Christianity ; " together with " The Neighbours," " The Twins," and other tales by Frederika Bremer. Izaak Lakadam. By Alexander Dumas. Part I. London : Vizetelly and Co This is a romance from the fertile pen of Dumas, the wonderful Parisian feuiltonist, whose speed and eccentricities of composition have formed themes of admiration to the literary cognoscenti of Europe. The scene of the story before us is in the vicinity of Rome, and its period the latter half of the fifteenth century. It contains some striking and characteristic events, enriched by accompani ments which in an ordinary romancist would be called elaborate ; but, if we are to credit the tales we are told of the facility of romantic creation pos sessed by Dumas, we must consider them as little better than artistic make-weights, hastily snatched up by the author, and thrust into the scale with out premeditation or arrangement. The scenes and incidents are generally dashed off with much spirit, and are in a high degree suggestive. Among those incidents is a competition of archery, in which Izaak, a sort of nondescript pilgrim, plays the principal part, with the most perfect coolness and indifference, beating his competitors in a man ner much similar to that of Locksley in the cele brated archery competion at the tournament of Ashby-de-la-Zouch in Ivanhoe, to which trial, in deed, the scene bears a considerable resemblance. How the story may turn out is, of course, diffi cult to say; the field it proposes to traverse is a fertile one, and from the opening it promises well. It is beautifully printed, and illustrated by two exceed ingly clever wood engravings. The Three Presidencies of India. By John Capper, F.R.A.S. London : Ingram, Cooke, and Co. Pew books are more likely to be generally fular, or have greater chances of extended use -01. lnai eki, than a succinct and well-digested history a. At the present time, when it is felt . by L ii ,,P ar ties that the resources of the vast empire possessed by Great Britain in the East have scarcely recei ve d even the rudiments of their de velopment ; and While crude schemes for the future government of that great empire have been foisted on the people of this countryi a means of forin some estimate of th e course hitherto pursued, m and the progress made in r en d er i ng our Indian territory and its productions available for British uses, is once t The qualifi- cations required for the task of pioducin.o. a book which shall supply such a means will not readily be found united in one individual ; and it is no disparagement to either the talent or the judgment of Mr. Capper to say he does not fulfil all the con ditions requisite to the production of such a work. One qualification, however, of no mean order, he does possess. From a protracted residence in the last, and from having had practical opportunities of studying our oriental institutions, and of can vassing their immediate operation, he is entitled to be heard and attended to as an intelligent witness ' • and if we are sometimes compelled to receive his testimony cum notce, as one whose conclusions have been biassed by the prejudices inherent in the position he occupied, we are never theless called on to admit that he displays very considerable knowledge of the subjects on which he treats. In his preface he lets the reader into the secret of his feelings in respect to OUR MA/CitOEMENT OF INDIA A country, the greater portion of which has been in our possession for three-quarters of a century ; whose commerce has remained stationary during the last eight or nine years ; whose inhabitants pay in taxes half as much as is collected in Great Britain and Ireland, and yet annually consume no more than one shilling's worth of British goods Der head, or one-fourteenth part of the CI a value taken by the inhabitants of Chili and La Plata ; whose entire roads receive no greater outlay than is spent upon the streets and highways of one of our large towns ; upon whose education the annual sum of three farthings per family is disbursed ; where railroads, under the fostering care of the Court of Directors, have progressed at the rate of fifteen miles in fifteen years ; within whose colleges, maintained by a Christian government, the Holy Scriptures are a contraband thing—the name of the Saviour a forbidden sound, heard but in stealthy whispers ; such a country as this cannot be an indifferent object to Englishmen in the nineteenth century. Nor is it. India has but to raise her voice, and she will be heard by a people to whom a cry for justice was never yet raised in vain. The case put by our author in the above extract is a strong one, and, even allowing a little for overcolouring in the picture, enough remains to call for serious inquiry and deliberation. To aid us in that inquiry, and also, we are afraid we must add, to sway us in that deliberation, the book now before us has been written. In it the subject of India is taken up for consideration, under four dis tinct heads, namely, its historical, its political, its physical, and its moral aspects ; the whole being prefaced by a brief introductory sketch of the na tural history of India. The divisions of the sub ject are judicious, and, in most instances, it is no more than bare justice to admit that they are treated with candour. The historical portion of the subject, particularly in its earlier periods, though highly interesting, we must dismiss with brief commendation. Much has been said in condemnation of the anomalous powers enjoyed by the East India Com pany, and no small amount of eloquence has been expended in demonstrating the evil tendencies of the capricious application of those powers in re pressing the commercial spirit of India. One well authenticated illustration of such caprice, and its baneful effects, is worth a shipload of arguments, and among others take the following : TREATMENT OF A BANKING FIEM Another event occurred, during the short administra tion of Mr. Adams, most disastrous to many of the Euro pean community of India. The commercial firm of Palmer and Company had for a series of years, and with the private cognizance of the Marquis of Hastings, contracted for loans of money to the Nizam of the Decan, amounting in the aggregate to £700,000 ; and, as security for the repayment of the balances, they received a lien on the re venues of the Nizam. Such transactions were contrary to the laws of the company, which reserved to itself alone the right of entering upon monetary transactions with native powers. Some difficulties having arisen between the contracting parties, the entire affair came under the notice of the supreme government ; whereupon the acting governor-general declared Palmer and Company had throughout acted illegally, and could not recover from the Nizam. The effect of this was to cause the immediate in solvency of this wealthy firm, to the serious injury of great numbers of the service, who had employed them as their bankers. The question here,we apprehend, is not so much whether Palmer and Company were wrong or right m the first instance, nor is it so much whether the government of India should ever have been pos sessed of the power they claimed, as was the im propriety of first covertly permitting a course of commercial operations, and then overturning its transactions by the application of a law which they had winked at the infraction of. Such a fast and loose system of administration must, indeed, operate powerfully in retarding the commercial prosperity of any community ; and if we can bring ourselves to believe that such a system was exten sively exercised, surprise at the slow development of Indian commerce may well cease to be enter tained. The singularly infelicitous administration of Indian affairs by Lord Auckland, while he was governor-general, is thus pithily put forward by Mr. Capper as THE REBUI.T .OF LORD AUCKLAND'S POLICY. It was Lord Auckland's destiny to place the British arms in a position they never previously occupied on the continent of India ; to carve out for the British forces a career as disastrous as its origin was unjustifiable and un worthy ; to peril our position in the. East ; to sacrifice an army of brave men ; and, finally, to clothe half the nation in mourning, and to overwhelm the other half with shame and indignation. strong terms these, no doubt, to apply to the operations of a governor-general ; their chief sting, however, we are more than half afraid, consists in their absolute truth. The narrative of events which followed as the military sequel to his lord ship's mal-adroit expeditions and negociations, is given with much spirit ; and we regret that the extent of space already devoted to a consideration of Mr. Capper's book precludes us from presenting our readers with his brief but graphic descriptions of the Affghanistan and Punjaub campaigns. An interesting as well as a long chapter is devoted to a consideration of the growth and manu facture of cotton in India, in which the early his tory and present condition of that important branch of eastern industry is fully, as well as curiously, discussed. After considering the various means adopted for improving the quality and increasing the quantity of cotton grown in India, we find the following stated as among the causes which have materially retarded the progress of this branch of industry. THE WRETCHED ROADS OP INDIA. In the countries of Central India, not less than in those to the north and north-west, owing to the absence of all roads for vehicles, the ordinary means of conveyance is by pack-bullocks, who [which] in vast droves track their slow and weary way across sandy, sterile tracts, through wild jungle-paths, and over steep ghauts, for hundreds of miles. To bring the cotton of Berar alone to Bombay, it is computed that the services of 180,000 head of cattle are required ; and when we remember that their journey is for a great distance performed through districts in which both water and fodder are always scarce, it will not be surprising that the utmost uncertainty prevails as to the receipt of crops at the port of shipment. This primitive mode of conveyance is not only the most tedious, but the most costly of any in existence ; yet by far the greater part of British India possesses no roads which will allow of the employment of carts. It is in vain that British enterpise and capital are brought to bear upon the great experiment of cotton, so long as the universal cry for roads is disregarded. British merchants have been found with energy sufficient to brave the difficulties attending the establishment of agencies in the interior ; but their ardour is damped, their efforts thwarted, and their capital jeopardized, by the one great crying evil, the utter absence of roads available for car riages. The old mode of transport is of necessity resorted to—that of pack-bullocks ; and so slow and costly is this, that long before one crop of cotton can be despatched from the place of growth, the following harvest will have commenced ; ships which have been provided in anticipa tion for the conveyance of this cotton to Europe are mean while awaiting its arrival in the harbour of Bombay until the shipping season shall have passed, and the interest on the capital thus indefinitely locked up accumulates, until it forms a heavy and grievous item amongst the charges of the operation. From the extracts already given, it will be seen that Mr. Capper's book is one of very diversified interest. The topics embraced in it are of deep importance to the public generally, and doubly so to a community like that of Liverpool. Let us add that the volume, besides being handsomely got up and beautifully illustrated by engravings, is also very low in price. BOOKS RECEIVED. Church of England Quarterly Review. No. LXVIII. London Quarterly Review. No. I. Blackwood's Magazine for October. Dublin University Magazine for October. Hogg's Instructor for October. Warren's Works, (Diary of a late Physician.) Plr. Ed. Part I. The Comedies of Aristophanes. By W. J. Hickie. Vol. 11. The Pantrophcon, or H istory of Food. By A. Soyer. Speeches of Kossuth. edited by F. W. Newman. The Three Presidencies of India. By John Capper. One Vol. Egypt. Ethiopia, and Sinai. By Lepsius. One Vol. Bernard's Hand Book of Foliage and Foreground Drawing. Fredrik a Bremer's Works. Translated by Mary Howitt. Vol. I. Fern Leaves from Fanny's Portfolio. One Vol. Carpenter's Physiology of Temperance. The Universal Library. Parts XXI. and XXII. Izaak Lakadam. By Alexander Dumas. Part I. The Rhine. By Victor Hugo. Life of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke. By Peter Burke. The Alain Family. By A. Karr. Translated by R. B. Brough. London City Tales. Fitz Alwyn. One Vol. Yankee Humour and Uncle Sam's Fun. The Dodd Family Abroad: No. XIV. The Life and Ad ventures of Dick Diminy the Jockey: No. I. Punch for September. Chambers's Journal for September. The Pro testant Magazine for October. The Bulwark for October. The Christian Family Advocate for October. Home Thoughts for October. The Ragged School Union Magazine for Oc tober. Our Children's Magazine for October. Temperance Chronicle for October. Thieves, Beggars, and Prostitutes : by the Rev. Isaac Holmes. Mr. Lover's Magazine, No. ',for October. The Coming Rest. NEW Music.—The Magic of Home. The Captive. And Ohl Do not leave tby native land. THE LIVERPOOI VARIETIES THE CONCEIT OF THE WORLI (says Lavater) " but what fancies THE EDITOR of Notes and Queries thinks that the husband of the celebrated " Mother of Pearl," must be the venerable Bede. A QUESTION FOR LADIES.—Are kisses more valuable now, in consequence of the busses having raised their A YOIONG PHYSICIAN asking permission of a lass to kiss her, she replied—" No, sir ; I never like a doctor's bill stuck in my face ? IF You WANT TO move AN AUDIENCE, pass round your hat soliciting contributions. They'll scatter in dou ble quick time. SEEDY AIIITIORS.—Hood, in an article of singular humour, states that the phrase " republic of letters" was hit upon to insinuate that, taking the whole lot of authors together, they had not got a sovereign amongst. them. "I BELIEVE that mine will be the fate of Abel," said a devoted wife to her husband one day. " How so ?" inquired the husband. " Because Abel was killed by It club, and your club will kill me if you continue to go to it every night." A LAWYER, not over young or handsome, examining a young lady witness in court, determined to perplex her, and said, " Miss, upon my word you are very pretty'!" The young laxly very promptly replied, " I would return the compliment if I were not on oath . 1 " " FAST " LITERATURE.—A sporting "gent," who has courageously entered the " lists " at several betting houses, has lately purchased an elaborate work on " Ethnology," in consequence of his having heard that it will give him much information on the subject of " races." A "FAST" RoMrsn BISHOP.—The Bishop of Lyons being at breakfast, the Abbe de paid him a visit ; the bishop invited him to partake of the meal: the abbe refused—the prelate insisted. "My lord," said the abbe, " I have breakfasted twice already; and, besides, this is fast day !" GENERAL ZAREMBA had a very long Polish name. The king having heard of it, one day asked him good humouredly, " Pray, Zaremba, what is your name ?" The general repeated to him immediately the whole of his long name. " Why," said the king, "the devil himself never had such a name." " I should presume not, sir," replied the general, " as he was no relation of mine." I hVALITE or A PLOUGH.—Among the Caffres, agriculture is considered to be a kind of labour unworthy of a warrior, and is therefore left entirely to the women. When they first saw a plough at work, they gazed at it for a time in astonished and delighted silence; at last one of them gave utterance to his feelings in this exclamation—" See how the thing tears up the ground with its mouth ! It is of more value than five wives !" Dar Jaspar Main, who lived in the reign of James I. of England, was celebrated as a scholar and a wit. He displayed through life a strong propensity for innocent raillery and practical jokes. Just before he expired, he told his servant, who was sadly addicted to intemperance, that he had bequeathed him something that would make him drink. The servant, as soon as his master was dead, impatiently opened the legacy, expecting, of course, to find a heap of treasure ; but alas ! his disappointment was great in finding nothing but a red herring. A PARAGRAPH FOR HOUSEWIVES.—To those who de sire to impart to shirt bosoms, collars, and other fabrics that fine and beautiful gloss observable on new linens the following receipt for making gum arabic starch will. be most acceptable, and should have a place in the domestic scrapbook of every woman who prides herself upon her ca pacity as a housewife, and the neatness of her own, her husband's and family dress ; and if she does not take pride in them, her husband is an unfortunate man :—Take two ounces of white gum arabic powder, put it into a pitcher, and pour on it a pint or more of boiling water, (according to the degree of strength you desire,) and then, having covered it, let it set all night. In the morning, pour it carefully from the dregs into a clean bottle, cork it, and keep it for use. A tablespoonful of gum water stirred into a pint of starch that has been made in the usual manner will give the lawns (either white, black, or printed,) a look of newness, when nothing else can restore them after wash ing. It is also good, much diluted, for thin white muslin and bobbinet. TRACKERAY AND DICKENS COMPARED.—Thackeray has given to his pictures of society and character all that they could receive from extraordinary skill of mental analysis, great acuteness of observation, and formidable strength and fineness of sarcastic irony. But he has not been able —if, indeed, he ever desired—to excite con tinuous or lively sympathy, either by interesting inci dents, or by the exhibition of deep passion, vehement or pathetic. Dickens has done much more than all which Thackeray has left unattempted. While his painting of character is inimitably vigorous and natural, his stories are always interesting, and would be much more so if they were less encumbered by minute details ; and his power of exciting emotion ranges, with equal success, from horror (sometimes too intense) to melting pathos, and thence to a breadth of humour which degenerates into caricature. He cannot soar into higher worlds of imagi nation ; and his tread is too heavy even for the secluded field of romantic or poetic meditation. But he becomes strong, and inventive, and affecting, the moment his foot touches the firm ground of reality ; and nowhere is he more at ease, nowhere more sharply observant or more warmly sympathetic, than in scenes whose meanness might have disgusted, or whose moral foulness might have appalled.—Spalding's History of English Literatnre. MONDS.—MOdem chemist; have laboured almost as zealously to produce diamonds as the alchymists of old did to turn all metals into gold ; and through the progress of science, it is said, they believe they have a reasonable chance of succeeding. Diamonds, it is known, consist of pure carbon ; and it is therefore assumed that carbon may be made to produce diamonds. M. Despretz, member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris, in a recent meeting of that body, detailed a series of experiments to which he had subjected some carbon coming from the carcination of sugar. He caused an electric pile, in which some platina wires were extended, to act on the carbon without inter mission for the space of a month, and he then found the wires covered with slight powder, which, on examination by a microscope, was seen to contain black and white crystals of the octahedral form. This powder, being experimented upon, was found to possess the qualities that have heretofore exclusively appertained to the powder of diamonds. This is the nearest approach to the production of real diamonds which has yet been made, and even if it should not be found possible to carry it further, the making of diamond dust will be of considerable com mercial importance. Whether the action of electricity on the carbon is to be ascribed to heat, or to some unknown quality, M. Despretz has not yet ascertained.—Literary Gazette. HINTS FOR LADIES. — Let the ladies observe the follow ing rules. In the morning use pure water as a preparatory ablution ; after which they must abstain from all sudden gusts of passion, particularly envy, as that gives the skin a sallow paleness. It may seem trifling to speak of temper ance, yet this must be attended to, both in eating and drinking, if they would avoid pimples, Instead of rouge, let them use moderate exercise, which will raised natural bloom in their cheek inimitable by art. IngenuoM candour and unaffected good humour will give an openness to their countenance that will make them universally agreeable. A desire of pleasure will add fire to their eyes, and breath ing the air of sunrise will give their lips a vermilion hue. That amiable vivacity which they now possess may be highly heightened and preserved, if they would avoid late hours and card-playing, as well as novel-reading by candle light, but not otherwise, for the first gives the face a drowsy, disagreeable aspect ; the second is the mother of wrinkles ; and the third is a fruitful source of weak eyes and a sallow complexion. A white hand is a very desirable ornament ; and a hand can never he kept white except it be kept clean ; nor is this all, for if a young lady excels her companions in this respect, she must keep her hands in constant motion, which will occasion the blood to cir culate freely, and have a wonderful effect. The motion recommended is working at her needle, brushing up the house, and making herself as useful as possible in the per formance of all domestic duties.---Mrs: Jameson. _ SLANG SYNONYMS. — OnIy consider what a vast multi tude of equivalents the perverse ingenuity of our slang iness has invented for the one generic word money. Money—the bare, plain, simple word itself —has a sono rous, significant ring in its sound, and might have sufficed, yet we substitute for it—tin, rhino, blunt, rowdy, stumpy, dibbs browns, stuff, ready, mopusses, shiners, dust, chips, chinkers, pewter, horsenails, brads. Seventeen synonyms to one word ; and then we come to species—pieces of money. Sovereigns are yellow-boys, cooters, quids ; crown-pieces are bulls and cart-wheels; shillings, bobs or benders ; sixpenny-pieces are fiddlers and tizzies ; four penny-pieces, joeys, or bits ; pence, browns, or coppers and malts. To say that a man is without money, or in poverty, some persons remark that he is down on his luck, hard up, stumped up, in Queer-street, under a cloud, up a tree, quisby, done up, sold up, in a fix. To express that he is rich, we say that he is warm, comfort able, that he has feathered his nest, that he has lots of tin, or that he has plenty of stuff, or is worth a plum. For the one word drunk, besides the authorised synonyms, tipsy, inebriated, intoxicated, I find of unauthorised or slang equivalents the astonishing number of 32, viz.—in liquor, disguised therein, lushy, bosky, huffy, boosy, mops and brooms, half-seas-over, far-gone, tight, not able to see a bole through a ladder, three sheets in the wind, foggy, screwed, hazy, sewed up, mooney, muddled, muzzy, swipey, lumpey, obfuscated, muggy, beery, winey, slewed, on the ran-tan, on the re-raw, groggy, ploughed, cut, and in his cups. For one article of drink, gin, we have ten synonyms—max juniper, gatter, duke, jackey, tape, blue ruin, cream of the valley, white satin, old Tom.—Dickens's Household Words. WHERE MALACHITE Is FOUND. Siberia and Australia are nearly the only two which can be named. In Australia the discovery has been very recent; but in Siberia malachite has long been known. Until within a few years, the largest mass obtained weighed about 100 poods (a pood equals 36 English pounds); it was obtained from the copper mine of M. Tourchaninoff, at Goumecheff (oh ! these Russian names), and is deposited in one of the national museums. But this has been beaten into in significance by a recent discovery, to which are due the magnificent specimens of malachite brought to England. The Messrs. Demidoff, of St. Petersburg, are the owners of some copper mines in the Ural Mountains ; and while the miners were in search of the metallic ore, they on one fortunate day lighted upon a mass of malachite weighing not less than 3,000 poods. The miners were able to detach this in one block, and they then met with another thousand poods weight filling up clefts and crevices in the surrounding rock. What a treasure this : considering that a fair specimen of malachite will bring 15s. per English pound ! There is supposed to be a still larger deposit of malachite near the spot whence this mass was obtained : precious nuggets (albeit green) which may by and by put money into the pockets of the proprietors. But, like other treasures, malachite requires the hand of man before it is practically valuable. The large masses crumble in the air, generally into pieces of two to four pounds weight ; and the question arises how to work so very brittle a material. It is not altogether a new art, for museums and royal palaces, in many parts of Europe, ' contain specimens of inlaying or veneering with malachite. But when Messrs. Demidoff made their grand discovery, an incentive was given towards the adoption of larger mechanical appliances. They determined to establish a manufactory of their own at St. Petersburgh, which they placed under the care of M. Leopold Joffriand, who left no means untried to obtain a mastery over the materials, Sand make it applicable to ornamental purposes. How he eueeeeded in his task the malachite doors at the Crystal Talace testified. LITAL CO ST ONDI ST. PHILIP'S CHURCH TO TUE EDITOR OP THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD Sin,—ln the columns of your last Tuesday's newspaper, I read, with anything but feelings of pleasure, two letters with reference to the services at St. Philip's Church, on the previous Thursday, when Dr. Hook, at much personal inconvenience, left his own parish to come among us, and kindly assist me in my earnest, though humble, endeavour to incite the members of the St. Philip's congregation to a more frequent attendance in the house of Goa, and to increased liberality in helping forward the holy work in which we are engaged. The want of knowledge so con spicuously manifested by one of your correspondents in his misapplication of terms, will not have enhanced the imagined importance of his letter in the opinion of persons better informed on such subjects than he appears to be. And the spirit breathed in the sentiments of both " A Churchman" and " Nemo" could not fail to awaken in the hearts of really religious persons sorrow and regret. My object, however, in writing to you on the present occasion, is not with any desire to enter into controversy with your before-mentioned correspondents : nor, had there been a personal attack upon myself directly or in directly, should I have deemed it necessary on that account to trouble you with a letter, but I write simply for this reason, viz., having it in my power, I trust, thus to remove any unfavourable impression which may have been made on the minds of some, with reference to the Ability or painstaking of the gentleman who officiates as organist, and to whose ca r e th e mus i ca l p or ti on of the service at St. Philip's Church is entrusted. Where there is just cause for complaint, no one ought to be offended at the complainer, when that complaint is made in a right and proper manner. That there was just cause for complaint on last Thursday week, as far as the singing is concerned, cannot be denied; but there are extenuating circumstances which could not easily be made known at the time to those strangers who were present, although known to the regular members of the congrega tion. The organ had been closed for several weeks, and the repairs and enlargement only completed half an hour before the commencement of divine service—the singers were recently brought together —some of the best voices were not present, being unable to leave their daily employ ment—and Mr. D. C. Browne, the regular and much-valued organist, unable, through severe illness, to preside at the Now, Sir, I cannot but hope and believe that, had your correspondents been acquainted with these particulars previously to writing the letters you inserted for them in your valuable paper, instead of venting, in unmeasured strain, their feelings of annoyance and disapprobation, they would have sympathized with the clergy and congrega tion of St. Philip's Church in their deep regret that such untoward circumstances should have caused the musical services to have been so imperfectly performed on that day, as it must be acknowledged they were. It may be asked, why were the musical services attempted in the absence of the regular, organist and some of the best voices of the choir? To which I would simply remark, that I believed the arrangements to be complete, and that I was not aware of the deficient means of carrying them out until it was too late for remedy. Sincerely hoping that the next time "A Ch urc h man " and "Nemo " are induced to attend divine service at St. Philip's Church they may find very considerable improve ment in the music and singing, —I am, Sir, yours; faith fully, C. H. BURTON. Liverpool, Oct. 7, 1853. ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLIGENCE. PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS. Rev. A. Rolland, 8.A., to the Curacy of St. Bartholomew's, Birmingham. _ Rev. L. Browne, to the Incumbency of Whittlebury and Silverstone. Northampton. — Rev. H. H. Candy, 8.A., to the Curacy of Inkberrow, near Alcester. _ Rev. J. Carr, M.A., to the Perpetual Curacy of Westoe Chapel, South Shields. Rev. E. V. Channel, 8.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, to the Curacy of Rothwell, near Wakefield. Rev. T. Caldwell, to the Rectory of Greens Norton, North ampton. Rev. T. M. Dickson, 8.A., to be Head Master of the Grammar Schopl,Berwick-on-Tweed. Rev. J. Ford, 'M.A., to the Rectory of Somerton, near Clare, Suffolk. Rev. G. T. Hoare, M.A., to the Perpetual Curacy of Tandridge, Surrey. Rev. G. Lermet, 8.A., to be Head Master of the Grammar School at Dedham, nelir Colchester. Rev. T. B. Lloyd. ALA., to the Inc um b enc y o f S t M ary ' s, with'St. Michael's annexed, - hrewsbury. Rev. E. G. Moon, M.A., of Magdalen College, Oxford, to be Chaplain to the Lord Mayor Elect (Alderman Sidney), for the year of his mayoralty. Mr. P. Newman, 8.A., of Exeter College. Oxford, to the Second Mastership of King Edward the Si .th's Grammar School, Ludlow. Rev. J. L. Prior, M.A.. to the Rectory of Lynby, and to the Perpetual Curacy of Papplewick, Notts. Rev. W. Tatluck, to the Incumbency of the new church erected at Bark Island, Halifax. Rev. W. Temple, 8.A., Jesus College, Cambridge, to the Rectory of Nymet Rowland, Devon (void by reason of simony). Rev. F. C. Tremlow, M.A., to the Rectory of Forton, St.ffordshire. Rev. E. Twells, 8.A., St. Peter's College, Cambridge, to the Assistant Curacy of the Parish Church, Wakefield. Rev. H. Walker, to the Curacy of Buxliall, Suffolk. Rev. J. C. Wharton, to the Vicarage of Bierton, near Aylesbury. The following presentations have become vacant by the death of the incumbents:— The Rectory of Finmere, near Bicester, Value, £350 a-year. Patron, Mr. J. Walker. The Vicarage of Melbourne St. Andrew, Dorset. Value, £250 a-year. Patron, General J. Michel. The Rectory of Bondleigh, or Bundley, near Crediton Value, '309 a-year. Patron, the Earl of Egremont. The - Rectory of St. Peter's, Nottingham. Value, .f 450 a-year. Patron, the Lord Chancellor. • The Incumbency of Ridware-Pipe ' near Rageley. Patron, the Chancellor of Lichfield Cathedral. The Head Mastershiv of Rugeley Grammar School. The Rectory of Lamplugh, near Whitehaven. Value, .e 303 a-year. Patron, NI! : J. L. Raper. The ReetOryot %Veyhill, H;nts. Value, £9OO. Patrons, Queen's College, Oxford. DIOCESE OF CHESTER PREFERMENTS. — The Rev. Richard Moss, to the Stipen diary Curacy of Christ Church, Macclesfield, in the county of Lancaster ; the Rev. David Thomas Barry has been licensed to the Perpetual Curacy of St. Barnabas Church, Liverpool, void by the cession of the Rev. George Dover. Patrons, the Trustees. CONSECELTIOICS. — The new church at Grange, in the parish of Cartmel, in the county of Lancaster, is to be consecrated by the Bishop of Chester, on Thursday, the 13th instant ; and the church of Preston Patrick, in the parish of Burton-in-Kendal, Westmoreland, which has been entirely rebuilt, together with the additional burial ground, on Friday, the 14th. ORDINATrOK. — The Lord Bishop of Chester intends to hold his next Ordination at Chester, on the second Sunday in Lent. - _ _ _ _ _ . Tim REV. Dn. AsrixrALL, minister of St. Matthias' Church, has been appointed by the Bishop of Moray and Ross to the incumbency of the Episcopal Church at Duffus, Murray shire. DIOCESE OF MANCHESTER.—Preferments: On Tues day, at the Diocesan Registry, the Bishop of Manchester licensed the Rev. Joah Bates, Wakefield (formerly curate of the Parish Church of Prestwich), to the perpetual curacy of South Shore, near Blackpool, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. Thomas Bowden Banner, the last incumbent; on the nomination of Mr.. John Talbot Clifton, of Lytham Hall, the patron. His lordship, at the same time, licensed the Rev. Wray Richard Hunt, 8.A., to the stipendiary curacy of St. Paul's Church, Preston; on the nomination of the Rev. Samuel Flood Page, the incumbent. Vacancy: The perpetual curacy of St. James's, Accrington, has be come vacant by the death of the Rev. John Hopwood, who held the living for the long period of 36 years, having been appointed to it in the year 1817. The living is in the gift of Hulme's Trustees.: THE MANCHESTER. DIOCESAN CHURCH BUILDING SOCIETY.—The quarterly meeting of the above society was held on Thursday last, at the Town-hall, the Lord Bishop of the diocese in the chair. The following mem bers of the committee were present :—The yen. Arch deacon of Manchester, the Rev. Canons Master, Parr, Raines, Hull, and Turner ; the Revs. R. Durnford, St. Vincent Beechey, J. Clarke, T. Corser, E. J. Hornby, and T. Maekreth ; J. Wilson Patten, Esq., M.P.; R. Towneley Parker, Esq., M.P.; C. Carill Worsley, Esq., E. H. Royds, Esq., Thomas Clegg, Esq., T. F. Dearden, Esq., W. C. Jones, Esq., Joseph Lamb, Esq., J. T. Hibbert, Esq., J. Burder, Esq., treasurer, and the Rev. J. P. Pitcairn, and James Street, hon. secs. The committee resolved that all applications for aid in the erection of parsonages be for the present deferred. The grants made in aid of the erec tion and enlargement of churches are as follow :—St. John's, Longsight, £lOO for enlargement; St. Matthew's, Chadderton, £2OO for building ; St. Paul's, Burnley, £l5O for building ; Flixton Church, £25 for enlargement ; Wer neth Church (Oldham), £35 for building. The total amount of grants made by the society in aid of the erec tion and enlargement of churches, and the erection of par sonage houses, since its formation, is £3,487. It was re solved that the signature of an architect be required in all certificates of completion of work (unless specially dis pensed with by the committee) in addition to the signa tures of the incumbent and churchwardens. Manchester Guardian. THE CLERGY AND THE INCOME TAX.—An impor tant question has arisen with regard to the liability of curates who are paid by the Church Pastoral Aid and other similar societies to the income tax, the contribu tions thus raised being of a purely voluntary nature. The Archdeacon of Chester has kindly undertaken, on behalf of the clergy generally,, to have the question legally settled. The venerable archdeacon, in a preliminary state ment upon the matter, says that the Church Pastoral Aid Society makes grants, not to the curates, but to the in cumbents of parishes ; that the curates employed are nominated by the bishop of the diocese, without reference to the sources from whence the stipend is derived ; and that the bishop's license secured a certain stipend as a remuneration for their services, which sum the incum bent is bound to pay, even should the grant be withdrawn, so long as the bishop licenses the curate. In this respect there was no difference between the cases of the curates whose salaries were derived from the Church Pastoral Aid Society or the Curates Aid Society, and those whose sti pends were paid by the richer rectors themselves. It is true, the archdeacon remarks, that a gift is not charge able with income tax, but that the grants of the before named valuable societies are of an eleemosynary character only to the incumbents, or rather to the parishes. He might also remark, that if the aggregate incomes arising from legal incomes and gifts equalled or exceeded the minimum chargeable with income tax, the proportion which was legal was assessable to the tax. The archdea con states that he has submitted these considerations to the commissioners of taxes, who thought his law was good but that the case was worth tryi ng . As the arch deacon's curateMiddlewich is paid by the Church Society, the venerable gentleman has ar rapdemweactoondra'slthcAautirad an t appeal by his curate shall be made, so that the opinion of the Board of Taxes may be taken, and the question definitely settled. The arguments will turn upon the question, whether a curate is the object of the society's bounty, he being required to give a receipt to the society for the money received, th ou gh transmitted in the name of the incumbent. THE Aim COLLIERS had their wages advanced to ss. per 'day on Thursday last. This is the fifth rise in their wages :since November, the wages then being balf-ta,erewn. 113_EillY TBITIO. VILLIA.zut nook, through which a tiny stream meandering is dammed up into a pool of sweetly-pellucid water, overshadowed by an embowerin arch of lofty trees spot i iggestive of coolness and quiet retirement the brook, in I its transparent serenity, is at once a temptation to the rustic bath, which some blithesome damsels are preparing to enjoy, and a foil to the sultry atmosphere with which the picture is filled. In drawing, the girls are pleasing and in good proportion, in colouring and painting rich and harmonious, and they are delineated with tasteful execution. As a whole, however, the picture appears heavy, and its atmosphere seems thick and oppressive ; this drawback upon its general excellence is, no doubt, much exaggerated by the disadvantageous light in which it is placed, the rays falling on it in such a manner as to render it exceed ingly difficult to see the whole subject from any point. the judgment of the hanging committee the picture pos sessed such merits as to entitle it to the conspicuous and prominent position assigned to it, it should have been so placed as to afford the public a fair_ opportunity to pro . nounceupon its qualitie; 52 of Solomon Study for the Guilty Woman, in the Judgment to be executed in fresco, in the New Palace at Westminster, by J. R. HERBERT, R.A powerfully-painted head, and evidently 1 one well skilled in artistic manipulation This is a The expression is depicted with much energy, and the whole picture, or rather bit of picture, manifests vigour and self-reliance on the part of the artist ; as the study of an individual head, it is both interesting and withal clever. The some what ostentatious title which its author has bestowed on it is another matter. In that there is manifestly some intent of connecting the portrait before us with a great historical, and what is more, with a • great national histo- rical composition. Such an intention is a failure and a fallacy. An isolated head, like the one before us, is no more to be taken as indicative of what Mr. Herbert's picture of " The Judgment of Solomon" is to consist, than was the brick exhibited by the foolish man in the fable to be considered conclusive as to the structure and convenience of the house he wished to sell. No one can know better than an artist of Mr. Herbert's experience and reputation that a picture must not be judged of by odd bits and incidents, but that, on the contrary, it suffers by being shown in details, in which the composition, colour, and general treatment are neither apparent nor even indicated. As a study of a head, the matter was well enough ; but when an exuberance of penmanship converts it into portion of a great national picture, it assumes a different aspect, and what might have been very com mendable in the one capacity becomes very questionable in the other. These strictures, it will be readily seen, apply more to the title than the quality of the work, which, as a mere study, is, as we have already said, in most respects, highly commendable. 180. " Arthur and Egle, in the Happy Valley," by Join' MARTIN, K.L. The works of Mr. Martin have long constituted artistical enigmas, which the one now named will not go far to solve. We have here, " rock piled on rock, hill towering over hill," in all the wild pro fusion for which the inventive genius of the artist has been admittedly conspicuous ; enriching this wilderness of peaks and plains, is a sky of deep cerulean, studded with stars, and decorated by a waxing moon of juvenescent extent ; but after contemplating the terrestrial and aerial chaos, the mind remains as vacant as before. The picture tells no tale, suggests no thought; unless, indeed, when it provokes the idea that such an artistic pazzle has been invented for the purpose of perplexing amateurs. A close investigation shows an endless repetition of ill-defined details, an inconceivable amount of labour, and absolutely no result. The pictures of Mr. Martin are, indeed, a riddle compared with which the Sphinx itself is a very common place mystery. • 345. " On the Thames—Mid-day ;" 507. " The Thames, from the Green Meadows ;" 550. Scene from the Hills, near Dolgelly, N.W. ;" all by H. J. BODDINGTON, are pictures displaying, in almost an equal degree, the peculiar excellences and drawbacks of the artist's style. They all seem redolent of sun and atmosphere—bright warm-out of-door effects—fresh green meadows—transparent skies and breezy uplands; yet, all of them are, more or less, mannered in their treatment. The same elaborate mani pulation of foreground objects, the truthful effect of which is in no inconsiderable degree marred by a want of cha racter in the middle-distance objects. Trees of different kinds are made to wear the same appearance of foliage ; the brushwood also is made, in not a few instances, to assume the aspect of the forest ; and a tendency to gene ralise seems everywhere to meet us in this artist's land scapes, to the destruction of their individuality. Notwith standing these defects, however, the truthfulness of at mospheric effect with which he contrives to envelope his pictures renders them general and deserved favourites. 508. " Fast Castle, .or Wolfe's Hope, Berwickshire," by T. M. RICICARDSON. The horizontal line of this picture is placed so high as to render it a somewhat difficult matter for the uninitiated fully to understand its composition • yet it is a picture of much power and truth fulness. The broad expanse of ocean is beautifully pourtrayed, and it contrasts grandly with the precipitous rocks and hilly land. The figures introduced, and the general treatment of the foreground, are masterly and beautiful. 381. " A May Morning," by W. D. KENNEDY, is a picture of little pretence but great beauty. The treatment is simple, truthful, and pleasing. 392. " Eton Montem," by WILLIAM PARROTT, is a subject difficult to handle, but here the artist has dis played no inconsiderable skill in his mode of treating it. The figures are well disposed, fairly drawn, and cleverly painted. 395. " The Young BaCcus, or Joy in Nature," by J. ARCHER, A.R.S.A., is a picture of much power and no small amount of beauty. As a piece of colouring it is of a high order. The design, though fanciful and con ventional, is well brought out ; and on the whole the picture is highly creditable to Mr. Archer, who, we understand, is comparatively a young artist. 99. " Edinburgh from the Calton Hill," by W. G. HEaDMAN, is a subject of great inherent pictorial beauty. The admirably broken lines and contrasting masses of picturesque architecture which characterise the "City of Palaces" as seen from the point selected by Mr. Herd man form of themselves a charming picture ; but we re gret it is not in our power to compliment him highly on the mode in which he has treated it. His perspective is violent and offensive to the eye. In endeavouring to effect a great deal, he has not accomplished much, and what he has done is not of the best order. • 234. " Portrait of Sir David Brewster," by W. S. HER RICK. This is a truthful representation of the scientific knight, showing, in an animated manner, his every-thy aspect. 473. " Portrait of the Right Hon. the Earl of Carlisle," by D. HUNTINGTON. This picture, which is painted for the Historical Society of,New York, is in a good style, and indicates a true artistic feeling on the part of the artist. 35. " Street in Innspruck," by W. CALLOW. In this picture, which represents a distant view of the " Golden Roof," the artist has displayed a fine appreciation of the picturesque. The lines of rugged buildings and distant hills are treated in a pleasing and artistic manner, the colouring is sweet, as well as powerful and effective. 74. " Macbeth," by H. C. SELOUS. This is an artistic vagary of a very unaccountable kind. Mr. Selous is an artist who deservedly occupies a good position in public esteem. That position, however, could never have been attained by the production of such anomalous works as this one. If originality of treatment has been his aim, and his only aim, he has succeeded to a miracle. In this picture we learn, for the first time, that Macbeth, in giving treacherous shelter to his aged sovereign, lodged him in costly upholstery, which, with a matchless prodigality, he has laid on a cellar floor, the steps descending towards which crowd and incommode the royal sleeper, whose rest is further interfered with by the unquiet performances of his muzzy and obtrusive grooms, who, not content with slumbering on their post of guard, have actually obtruded themselves into the royal couch, sadly increasing the in conveniences attendant upon poor Duncan's dormitory. Of the murderous thane himself, least said is soonest mended ; he appears a very vulgar murderer indeed, and altogether such a one as no sane man would have put him self in the power of, for half a minute, on any terms. There are, no doubt, good points about this picture ; the painting of the old king's head, for example, is fine ; but the good bits are as a grain of wheat to a bushel of chaff. The picture is altogether a mistake, and by no means a pleasing one ; it is excessively faulty in design, and poor and sickly in colour. 95. "La Perla de Triana," by JOHN PHILLIP, is a powerfully painted and very expressive portrait. - 203. "Doily Varden," and 205, " Interview between Queen Elizabeth 'and the Earl of Essex, on his return from Ireland," by W. P. Furrn, R.A. Two very clever sketches, in which the artist has, without labour, contrived to crowd a great extent of character. 208. " A Dutch Town," and 210, " A French Town," by A. MONTAGUE, are two sweetly-painted and well-coloured little bits. They are very pretty and very pleasing. NOTES, NOTICES, AND OPINIONS. BY JOHANNES RIISTICUS. IX. THE INCOME TAX.—It has been proposed by some of the admirers of this most unequal impost to make up the deficiency of post-office and stamp revenue, which will arise on the adoption of the decimal system, by an increase of the Income Tax. This would, no doubt, be a popular measure with those financial reformers who, for political or business purposes, are large patronisers of the penny post, and who, at the same time, are able (and willing) so to " cook " their Income Tax Returns as to be able to evade a large proportion of the payment. But what an outrage on common honesty it would be to annuitants, clerks, and others, with small fixed incomes, who would derive no benefit from a further reduction of postage, and who have no chance of " declaring " for less than their actual gross income ! For instance, suppose a merchant, or manufacturer, or shopkeeper, with actual profits of £5OOO per annum, employing a dozen clerks or shopmen, at salaries from £lOO to £3OO, is called on to make a return for Income Tax. The former may declare his profits to be one-fourth, one-third, or even one-half less than they really are ; but with this declaration he sends in a list of his em ploye's with their full salaries stated. He cheats the government of a large portion of his own taxes, and as it were bids them mulct his assistants for the deficiency. Must these clerks or shopmen be still further plundered to pay for their employers' correspondence and receipts ? Let the hundreds of clerks and shopmen, foremen, ware housemen, and journeymen in Liverpool, see to this, and ask themselves whether, when they have added the Income Tax to their bakers' bills, they are not already paying too dearly for Free Trade and Financial Reform ; and whether, if they are entrusted with the franchise under the new Reform Bill, they will not adopt some measure that will adjust the balances more equitably. X. THE NEXT ELECTION.—Mr. Robertson Gladstone is surely seeking "the sweet voices " of the " finest pisantry," located around Shaw's-brow, for the next elec tion. Having the vanity to consider himself of sufficient purity to represent Marybone, Vauxhall-road, and Scotland road, he steps boldly out, as the patron of the priests, and defamer of the Protestant clergy, expecting his return, of course, in the exercise, by the priests, of that gentle and genial influence which they are accustomed at election liras to use with their &eke. le this bribery by the act? SUMMEI is at 1, Lned wit nades, and I ne being observed in the c Lg slowly through the Bois d The trouss sake, or hurrying to and nected with the state: Empress of Austria is progres, many of our fair fashionableE period of deserting the counts ivith a view of most of the nouveau pleted, and as their facon will most of the toilets for some time to come to describe them. The dress chosen white drap d'araent. with two br blonde, each flounce headed with bows silver ribbon, with long ends descendir of the flounces, and lightening the effect charming manner. The corsage is plain. _Two rows of silver blonde are g rt of tt Majesty's ever the fulness a most airy and le straight and band of silver, and the same bows seen upon the skirt arc repeated on the body following the fall of blonde down t< the waist. The same trimming adorns the s Ire made very short, the long ends of r falling over the arm, and aladin es, which w silver - ribbon g it for several inches, of sleeve hitherto worn unnecessar The train is a chef d'ceuvre of elaborate embroidery, 1 of the finest silver worked in a deep wreath of orange blossoms and lilies of the valley. The train is cut in the most novel and elegant manner, which will, doubtless, be ungraceful manteau de cour as it is now ;ery errace me sun, Tt is cut gradually increasing its length to the middle of the waist behind. The full pattern of the embroidery is thus dis played, and the folds left to play in their natural position where they fall, no longer flatten the dress beneath, nor give that cumbrous weight to the figure which always forms the great objection to this otherwise dignified costume. Silver embroidery for court reception is deci dedly preferred to gold. The effect is far preferable by immense advantage, likewise, of enhanc deadening, the brilliancy of diamonds, whi gold invariably kill. The bridal coiffure consists of a short veil of d' Alencon, reaching barely to the top of the dress let in a . pointed crow n of emeralds, Pearls, and diamonds The wreath of orange blossoms is very full over the temples with drooping tendrils falling forward on the bosom. The nuptial bouquet is of a novel form, quite small, and falling in long spiral tendrils as low as the waist. This bouquet consists but of one single sprig with buds, it is made to be placed at the top of the corsage towards one shoulder, the ribbon of the Grand Cross being brought over the other. The ball dresses are of all kinds, but the most novel are those consisting of a single flower, embroi dered au colonne, either in white, coloured silks, or straw. The under skirt is made much narrower than hitherto, while the flounce is gathered into the waist in more numerous folds than have as yet been the mode. Some of these in silk, embroidered in seed pearl, have been exhi bited with great success. The bottom of the skirt is quite plain, while that of the flounce, shorter than the skirt by six or seven inches, is elaborately embroidered and stands stiffly out from the dress. But little change is visible as yet in walking dress. No newer material than cordonne d'ecosselms been ventured on as yet. The tissue is novel in its effect, being shot with many colours, and thickly corded. Some of these stuffs reflect as many as five different colours in the shot, which are so artistically blended that the effect of the whole is neither harsh nor voyant. Large checks are beginning to lose favour, and are being fast replaced by (toffee raye'es, a small line running across the stuff, while a broad stripe meets the other. The silks of autumn tints already exhibiting at the great houses are more costly and splendid than any we have beheld for years. The soie Boucher, for evening wear, is marvellous for its richness and delicacy of execution. Large patterns of elaborate design, copied from the dresses still preserved, once belonging to Madame Du Barry, have been imitated with complete success. One of these, destined for the Empress, struck us as being exquisitely beautiful in its tone and nuance. It is of soie Pompadour triple trame, the ground of a pale sea-green. At wide intervals are thrown upon a white ground, cast upon the surface as if by a careless hand, the attributes of the shepherdess—the basket of flowers, the straw hat and sky-blue ribbons, the crook and pipe—all these executed with so much delicacy and neat ness that, in spite of their unwonted size to which our eyes are as yet but little accustomed, they excite neither surprise nor criticism. It is made ala Francois 1., cut square over the shoulders with broad passementerie com bining every colour in the design, with tassels of the same colours crossing over the bosom ' • the sleeves quite tight and flat, descending from the shoulder but three inches, and finished by the enormous bouffans, a la Medicis, so much in vogue just now, and which have completely super seded the graceful sabots, a la grand-mere, which have held their sway so long. These bouffans were made of rich point de Venice, and finished below the elbow with a deep fall of the same material. A complete parure is necessary with this style of dress, and large ornaments of sky-blue and light-green enamel are already presented by the jewellers for the arms and neck of the wearer of the robe ala Francois I. _ Much attention has been given to the perfection of win ter cloaks. Talmas are exploded. The Evangeline pro mises to continue in favour for young ladies. Instead of being made in one material, as was the case during the summer, it will be made of velvet or rich silk, while the flowers which reach to the neck will be composed of broad ribbon laid on full or plaited. An entirely new model has been issued. It is called a souvenir, and consists of a long paletot tunic, above which the cloak falls as far as the hips, being gathered over the bosom and the ends thrown across the shoulder. Its name is derived from the picture of the great Napoleon at Versailles, and bears some resem blance to the cloak he is represented to have worn on his passage over the Pyrenees. The mante ala Maja is also novel and pretty. It fits tight over the bosom, and reaches to the knees ; behind, it is short, not descending lower than the waist. The sleeves are almost tight, set into a rounded armhole, and braided from the shoulders downwards with broad lacet and tassels. This sleeve is turned back almost to the elbow, showing the lining generally of some bright colour. A small hood hangs over the shoulder, also lined with the same bright nuance, and braided in a novel style. This form of manteau is, perhaps, the newest we have yet seen, and likely to be much patronised, owing to its extreme youthfulness, and the warmth and comfort imparted by its fitting so tightly over the bosom, The great novelty in sortier-de-bal is the immense change wrought by the adoption of lace instead of ribbon as trimming. This lace, made expressly for the purpose, is very rich and heavy, made to imitate the transparent embroidery of silk upon Brussels net. Bonnets have undergone a total change since last month. The winter shapes are fast appearing, although made still in light materials. They are no lon g er open and erase to behind the ears as formerly ; but although not a whit larger seem to draw much closer to the side of the face. The newest whim, for fashion we can scarcely call it, is the total absence of any other ornament than a thick ruche, consisting of lace, flowers and large rosettes of ribbon laid on all round the Edge. The effect of this is s ngularly bewitching—the face appearing to issue from a nest of lace and flowers. The transparent shadow thrown by this ornament is found to be most becoming. It is carried completely round the bonnet, even over the bavolet. Coiffures are determined to remain turned back from the face, no others are admissible. The only novelty is the Marguerite, a broad ribbon of bright colours, which passing through the double bandeaux is left to encadrer the physiognomy by coming down as low as the shoulders. It is twisted spirally, and is sometimes carried from one side of the head to the other without being divided. The Princess Mathilde has adopted the Marguerite, and it is destined to be as universally worn as the coiffure a la Felix now exploded. It is to Leopold we owe the inven tion, and it has been successful in the very best circles. Flowers are to be worn of the most minute description and of mixed colours of one plant. Verbena, myosotis, field flowers of the smallest kinds are to be m os t f avoure d . Immense bunches of these fairy specimens are in prepara tion for the ball dresses. They are destined to serve as heading to the flounces. We have seen a dress of Chantilly blonde trimmed thus for the Queen of Sardinia. Each flounce ornamented with bunches of the small Star of Bethlehem, decreasing in size as they approach the waist. The brides of lace which have replaced the berthe as ornament to the shoulders, were also ornamented with smaller bouquets of the same flower. The effect was that of the most fairy-like freshness and beauty. GENERAL OBSERVATIONB.—AIthough the month is considered but a transitory space from one style of fashion to another, yet the initiated may, at this time, perceive what is going to be. Necklaces, for instance, which have so long been forgotten, are revived by the greatest jewellers, and are of novel design, being made to fit the slope of the neek, and to lie flat all round. Stars and rosettes of coloured stones encircle the throat, and between each, tassels of gold descend lightly, and dimi nish the stiffness of the ornament. The large beads, called bombes, are also being introduced for approbation. They are of dark blue lava—malachite or coral. The old rococo shops have been ransacked for specimens of this article, as worn by our grandmothers. Shoes, alas ! are worn entirely without sandals, a result which we have been in dread for the last fe w months. The fashion is now quite prononcl, and it is useless to struggle against it. A large bow of ribbons, of a nuance somewhat lighter than that of the slipper, is much approved; but we cannot help considering the fashion as slovenly and negligent, and sincerely trust it will prove but a caprice. We have some of the most charming sabots of walnut wood, to supersede the ugly contrivances for carriage, even during the winter. It is the most delightful chaussure possible, elegantly carved on the instep , and lined with pink or blue plush. The wearer may, thus chausse'ed, defy both cold and damp — the satin shoe leaves the sabot unsoiled, and uninjured. Nothing more graceful and coquet, yet useful withal, has ever been presented to our fair fashionables. Pocket-handkerchiefs are still made with a frilling, embroidered at the edge. Much of the linen made for the trousseau of the Empress of Austria presents the novelty of being embroidered in colours—some of the handker chiefs being worked in minute wreaths of flowers, each flower bearing its natural colour. In general, a struggle is visible in fashion—the struggle between richness of ornament and gorgeousness of detail, and the determined simplicity of which her Maje s ty se t s the example. The partizans of each style are pretty equal at present, but we dare not to pronounce an opinion, for when, on the one hand, we behold the wondrous show of gold and silver work, and calculate the tremendous cost, and, on the other, behold the plain white garments, hypocritical in their unpretending simplicity, although covere d with rich lace and finest embroidery, we cannot help, sympathising with the Emperor Napoleon, when, in answer futureto his reproaches of extravagance, Josephine promised.n " simplicity." " For Heaven's sake, Madame , ' , r il l s m g_ but that (Tout ce que vous voudrez, macs pas plicite) ; I cannot support the heavy extravagance simplicity' as yours—it is costly enough of such to exhau4 the public treasury." HE CHOLERA 1 Newcastle, Oa: to the oromPt c as ot the authorities at Hexhara, out of 1,200 e 2 „ )1* diarrhoea only twenty-three deaths oc curred in Went). two days. Tynemouth, South Shields, Howden Acrrington, and the adjoining districts continued manifest a tendency to cholera A • few f atal cases occurred at Stockton-on-Tees. One deat h has occur l at Darlington, and another at Manchest er. In Scotian,. deaths are reported at Edinburgh, Leit h, Dundee, 4'. Owing nandale, and Other places. NEWCASTLE-lIPON-TYNE.—OCT. 7. Cholera, diarrhoea, deaths, 3. The total number of deaths fro; cholera and diarrhoea in Newcastle during t he F i rst sent outbroak has been, 1,460. In the same (viz., the re 37 days) during the prevalence of epidemic cholera the in 1831-2, the number of deaths was 258. 11011 5 e NEWCASTLE.—GeneraI Result of the House-to iete the Visitation.—There has not yet been time to comp returns of the house-to-house visitation ; but the folloorlito n statement contains an approximation to the result II; Oct. 6 :—The cases of diarrhoea discovered by this result 'd brow h+ ---deaths: bi_ le , . - "diate treatment by the cls';',,'"w .gut under 'unmet,- amount to 3,241; the cases approaching 0 c holera, fro r 4l o , cholera, 63 ; cholera, corpses, 3 ; old cases passing diarrhoea into approaching cholera , l3; and from La • A , nt;nz the t°,lll proaching cnotera into cholera, /1, -1114 """' A broag' number of cases of all kinds discovered and under treatment, 3,555, INCIDENTS OF THE EPIDEMIC . gem' 1. A green churchyard hewn in a week into the blance of "navvy" we'd; r offamily denuded of its upper stratum—fathe d mother, uncles and aunts—and nothing left but a 1)311 --_ ~ orphans. ra ve by 3. Husband and wife buried at night in one g ii the the flickering light of a lantern. Their daughter s 9,. bet Atlantic, homeward-bound from America, to 13" parents "little poorly'"" a few' dais, - aslis r a medical 11,311 ' `,;:ror' casually passing, to step in and see her, and is b° $ to learn that her dear child is dying. by the s. The death of a husband and father ascribed Which " sweeten the''air." her 115 6. One woman drunk with the brandy given t° igb t medicine for a patient who dies. A no ther nursing , I l e d the common family. the 7. Appearance of a placard seriously proclainn o re Asiatic cholera to be a myth—moonshine ! fu dge , creature of the imagination ! Sanitary stories r!, The excessive mortality solely the offspring of close 8. A poor • woman, entering a dispensary froth 5 c bet filthy alley, and begging the house surgeon to g 4 lO some medicine, " for she is sure she has got a n' ° "f the of cholera." Not far wide of the philosophy ° epidemic. facer 9. An Irishman, going from the relieving' °--, search of the parson, and marching up to him in ' „ lre •- midst pit in Sunday service, with a paper, in the in:et:: Deum. Parson, expecting that he is called upon roils it thanks for some mercy, glances at Pat's paper an , —an order to bury a child! 10. A walking blue book," afflicted with 3 l ioSe/, diarrhea" unfortunately never pas s i n g into e°' t s and discoursing , by the hour to impatient opponalse.to' " centralization' on premonitory symptioms, 1 0 .t7 house visitation, and gully-holes — g ully-holes, h ° house visitation, and premonitory symptoms. f the 11. Burial-operations retarded by a m onopolYL fe rs. Incorporated Company of Sextons, Diggers, and Free-trade declared, and no more delay. Riv °l , cle 4 cofflning the dead to secure a job, and a Pa lift,'' stopped in the street to enquire if he knows of a "' w hile 12. The father of a family drunk and in custody to te his wife is being buried, his younger child is under , 0 to ment for collapse, and three eld er c hildren are dr i ' the workhouse—provoking the pithy remark of.SuPeesna tendent S., that here we have one family, at (I° ..; e stor the same moment, enjoying the services of the the physicians, the parish, and the police o t, lll 13. The ministers of the Gospel called to tic,,c °° , tbeir an anonymous Pharisaical placard, for not eauTt theif flocks together to acknowledge their sins and Ina" peace with offended heaven. •olit 111 ' 14. Clergymen in their surplices from morning t o 01611' burying the dead. Friends and mourners seated on waiting their turn. 15. Good and honest men and women rninisteri7oo the relief of the sick and the safety of the whole. i l to ° to them all ! " Orare eat laborare"—to labour IS a . —to work is to worship. 16. John Handy, of Bill Quay, o n e of the berea ced f ° the the devout, calling in and requesting the insertion , ° s e ctr communication following :—" This is John Hand3.le, solation after the deaths of hi s w if e and two ch i c sit September Ist and 3rd, 1853 :—Job, chapters i,. ii.' vii. ; Isaiah, i., ; 1 Kings, ; Gene Lar en' Ezekiel, xxii. ; 2 Corinthians, i. ; Nehemiah, i. tations, i. ; Ecclesiastes, ii. ; Jeremiah, ix., X ; xiv.--` My hope is in thee, 0 Lord.' Job, i., remain a friend to all nations ; and this is to Pi -ether people an opportunity to judge f or themselves we'frain Asiatic cholera came with foreign vessels or it eat * the Almighty God.' ' a not 3 fel. 17. Men's hearts failing them for fear, an d fl iacan i f literally " frightened to death." One of the r o e n ot aforementioned partly true. But half-trut hs bu t filth" whole truths. Fear did not spawn the eholer s ' es it that If a " mind diseased" be the cause, how O rli infants die ? of iu ue b ,„ o , ro l3 , oard Sf ; ° , f He l itth iAl be d can ou se ter no es been made—no general map prepared— n o t geaeV a of sewerage and drainage executed. Before the el ji c oste ge in ne Ga ral te: t h ir, ea_s e j y •ot came, the same loud outcries against the Board Orner iti incurred. Will the same loud outcries be raise d 141- has passed away ? is f 19. In church and chapel on Sunday—raean„ t - „, 8 es bat, translated worshippers. Emblems of death on 20. Special week-day services. Practical religl4Lc avd bited in collection for suffering survivors—the vilue' the fatherless. 21. Lawyers busy making wills—never busier•olfalci Medicine, and Divinity—all set in motion by Di se h ooi i Death. So has it ever been in times of epidemie s, , , jolet nature being always the same. November sth, 157! bo o . Heworthe, quarryman, Gateshead, " having h i !, 1, 0:0 1 visited, and his wyffe departed to the mercye of o°' "being himself partlie craised," like many other,S. his will, and died, leaving James Cole to distributf, Or iiijd. emongs his poore sicke and nediest neighbors* i . t be,.V " parson," however, not a lawyer, made John Ife wD sortP will.—(Richardson's " Plague and Pestilence in the of England.") her lei 22. A matron, dying of cholera, giving birth in moment to twins. Another, in articulo mortis, an_,,,j,P watched by medical men, that her child may be SP possible, by the Cesarean operation. h ose: 23. A funeral procession pausing at a publ ic- drib indulge in that most popular of " preventatives" 24. Close and overcrowded localities emptie d _,Lr es" e inhabitants, who are encamped on Newcastle 3 1 °`"'sn as their forefathers were some three h u ndred Ye a riyell the " wisdom of our ancestors" in things san itar 'v, much on a par with our own, and, consequent., 4 plight no better than ours. Jae: 25. Father and mother with three children -4 ,1 and youngest ill of cholera. Eldest dying—fa t ,"o o 2 tating flight with the second child. It, and e oo,fle arrested by the plague and die. Youngest reo ° l o oP' mother left alone with her orphan. Similar ill tragedies innumerable. 'a. cb o 26. Newcastle and Gateshead placed in qua 1 _111„ , e r the surrounding country. None willing to 0 0 ' , o,l' can conveniently keep out. Hundreds flocking to to f localities. d 0.0 27. Registrar and relieving officer half haroP7l f ilif,;) his life. The dead to register and bury —the n d J maintain. From one to two hundred pounds esPe , parish funerals—the penalty o f unc l ean li n ess. 28. Tynesiders exhibiting what Lord John f the o d Greenock "finds no fault with"—a "jealoosY r Si t ul . , s terference of any central authority. ' Got o tn officers called upon for this and that ' return, 4 3 pray for the return of the inspectors to London . P o r 29. A priest entering a den in All Saints' P arl tbe finding father and mother dead of.the chol era o 8 phans without food. $ lO / 30. A week of west wind and bright sun. A n ov- - " iii ' mortality. Returning confidence. We breato` Gateshead Observer. .HO.RTICULTURS• ,tcr' STOVE, CONSERVA TORT, AND GEE ENO? v r qacP,, ;lc; plants being all fairly housed and in their wil lie- t-PfCP a ' and but little attention being required in the 01.`to h'a'g s partments, it is very advisable for all li 9 ' ti e r es rt, r a be nd n m ow uc t h ho i r n o j u u g ry hl t y o s t p h o e ng sa ed nt w s upon the examination the in-door plants. _,:t ow ,f O l and other parts of the p lantp, subject to iu 4 ',ti oll- ive' r soap in tobacco water, much after labour yr' he °Y; 5 1.5 'T, is tedious, i p th rev a en e te: 5°:': ; : ::: " : but is never neglected by good P. 50f,;05 1 " 4 , i O n rc a h s i e d p s a r ra er e ir h e ous th e is it plants, go out of bloom gradually reduce th e t ,, : gs °,, e y 0 ; m is o d re esi e ra spe bl c e iali to Y —a state of rest being as essential to P 139 i, -- e ' re ''' ture as they become drier. ou w ~,, past M A 0 4 INSECTS ON CARNATIONS. —During the aaw . ,, b cl , ',, have found numbers more than ordinarY (1 oast 0 fly nestling in groups in the hearts and care,,,' fe leaves of the Carnations and Picotees u nder,,.. 123 Y 0. I ' ro - c 5 Camelia buds were similarly attacked last (s t 4 an infusion of the young tips of Elder fine but 0 boiling water, and when cold used through ,f . , 1 gy, 4 pot over-head) not only to destroy the bla o4. _ c e ia 7,,i. ae:ruedas'e"t-he tell' Ai / keep away the green fly also ; and it does not Pw„,lourig way injurious to the growing stock ; a sliFht c.,11% t o I tion of the foliage may follow its application,GD:rdea- et removed by the first shower of rain.—J. C., in Chronicle. „D' te!............" ...."."1" 0 . " has bee bl' TnomAlTiromrsolf, a letter-carrie r, _ l a . • g 64 letter:a _,9 mitted for trial; in London, for having _ , _,_ , -- possession, which he acknowledged to have detaa , toe sheer laziness to deliver. ume will give 1 lec e t ' AUSTRALIA.-The Rev. Dr. H.str _ e School- room , 011 v c r on Friday next, a t St. John's present, and f u ti o i c le, ls A re Birkenhead, on Australia, Past, ,,. lecture will be profusely illustrated, and the pr „,,arl v hn's J P ' intended to augment the funds of St. Jo . , ,s 1; Church Schools. ~,,n d ei, , .. - g, GELATINE MOITLDS FOB Cesrs.—A correct , - __ ou iall e i r the best method of using gelantine for elastic 1,1 , to v I have used it extensively, and find the followionF__Alf, answer very well. Dry your plaster model th y?' .. ls i e and stop the suction with boiled oil : thence y a ti o ' ic i oicla of half an inch of clay entirely over the pter, o e the make a plaster case : when set, take it off, and reln°!,, the clay, which will leave a clear half-inch space beto.,''s, yell case and the model. The advantage of this method have a regular strength all over; no thick antelre;o. which are apt to break. Dry and oil your lt o, au ° as the model: make a hole in any convenient f„ t hic/r' pour in the gelatine, it being melted to about I ,t' e he as 4 ness of carpenter's glue. It will take about t:lce'," o il it; to get hard. To get a cast from the mould, 11 2: ‘ ," t h e c the usual way, and fill in the plaster: you must tr - s ' e t to br o out of the mould before the plaster is sufficiently „.. y a come hot, or it will take the face off the rne.' e ut_': o fOr may take out six casts in an.boM- Correspond PE Builder. 6,41 . t ,s 1. 4)14 I _4s '1' 0( 1t t.141! !1.44,..