The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1840-11-24 00:00:00

. We understand that Mr. Briarley Browne, the gentleman who was rejected last week by the Pastoral Aid Society, has been admitted as a candidate for holy orders by the Bishop of Ripon. We hear he has been nominated to the curacy of Wortley. —Leeds Intelligencer. EXPEDITION TO THE NIGER.—On Sunday afternoon a special service took place at St. Bride's Church, for the pur pose of imploring the di v i ne p ro t ec ti on over th ose about to accompany the expedition appointed by the government to proceed to Africa, with the object of introducing, amongst the natives, the knowledge of agriculture, commerce, and other blessings of civilisation. After the usual afternoon prayers, the Rev. J. H. Stewart delivered a suitable address to the crowded congregation, which included several of those who intend to join the expedition. MISS GRANT.—We perceive that this young lady, who for a considerable period sustained the duties of chief cant atrice at the Liverpool Theatre Royal, has made her debut at Covent Garden. She produced, at once, a favourable im pression of her powers ; and the daily press have subse quently pronounced her in voice, taste, and execution, an ac quisition to the establishment. She is now, therefore, in the road to the first rank in her p ro f ess i on , an d we have no doubt she will eventually attain the object of her praiseworthy ambition. POST-OFFICE ACCOMMODATION.—In consequence of the removal of the Post-office, Manchester, from the vicinity of the Exchange to Brown-street, a memorial from the subscri bers to the Exchange news-room was lately forwarded to the Postmaster General, the prayer of which was, that, as a re ceiving -box for letters, &c., on the Exchange would prove a great accommodation to the subscribers, as well as to the Public generally, his lordship would be pleased to give the necessary orders for that purpose. The prayer has been com plied with, and it is probable that, during the present week, the public will be thus accommodated. The following is an extract of a letter from Mr. P. Howell, secretary to the City of Dublin Company, to Mr. S. Perry, their agent, dated Dublin, 22d November :—" I am very sorry to say that Captain Saarsfield, of the Princess, has sustained a serious fall last night or rather at two o'clock this morning. The vessel was struck with a sea, he missed his hold, and fell down the companion, by which he was so much hurt that he was for some time insensible. I have been to Kingstown to see that he had proper attention, and find he has been bled, which I believe is all they can do at present; he will return in the ship, but unable to do duty at present." WARRINGTON CONCERTS.—At the close of the Exhibition at Warrington, two very delightful concerts were held at the Town-hall—the 'first under the patronage of J. I. Black burne, Esq., M.P.—the second under that of J ames Kendrick, .D., F.R.S.—they were both brilliantly at tended, and appeared to give great satisfaction. The Misses Swain, of the Liverpool Philharmonic Society, were engaged for the occasion. The songs sung by them were Bishop's, " Sweetly o'er my senses steali n g ;" L ee ' s , " A d ream o f the past," " Those merry bells," and Shepherd's beautiful ballad, " Hope shall whisper happy days"—the latter of which sung by Miss Swain, was received with great ap plause. THE LAUREL-STREET GANG. — Henry Stevenson, alias Evans, John Francis, alias Taylor, Henry Mitchell, and Louisa Mitchell, the parties who were remanded upwards of a fortnight since, charged with having been concerned in the robbery of Mr. Forsyth's house, in Grove-street, and with having injured two policemen who went to apprehend them, were brought before Mr. Rushton on Saturday. The magi strate said, the officers of police whom the prisoners were alleged to have injured so severely were not yet able to leave the hospital to give their evidence. The prisoners would, therefore, be further remanded for a week. Mitchell wished to know why his wife was confined in a separate cell from himself. He desired to have her with him. Mr. Rushton said, any application of that sort must be made to the visit ing magistrates or to the governor. THEFT FROM A PUBLIC-HOUSE.—Yesterday, three young men, Owen Jones, John Daniels, and John Jones, were charged at the police court with having stolen several articles from the premises of Mrs. Reece, publican. It appeared that early on Sunday morning, it was found that the house had been entered by a window, while the inmates were i n bed ; th a t a l o d gers chest had been broken open, and that a Pair of trowsers, a handkerchief, a quantity of spirits, and a cheese, had been stolen. There was a warehouse adjoining in Which a bottle of the spirits was left. A watch was set, and the three prisoners were apprehended, and some of the pro perty found on them. One of them dropped the cheese, which had been cut into quarters. There was another man with them, but he escaped. In order to allow time for his appre hension they were remanded. ASSAULT.—At the police-court, yesterday, a man named Hackey, who has no hands, was placed at the bar to answer a charge of assault. Mrs. Formby, landlady of a public house in Marybone, corner of Sawney Pope-street, said, that the prisoner followed his wife into witness's house, and abused and struck her in a most shameful manner. ,She remonstated With him, and endeavoured to induce him to desist, when he assaulted her also, striking her severely on the head with one of his stumps. Had an officer not come up to her assistanee she might have been most seriously if not fatally injured. The prisoner, who keeps a disorderly house, attempted a de fence, but totally failed. He was ordered to pay a fine of or, in default, to be committed to jail for two months ; and further, to find sufficient bail to keep the peace, or be imprisoned another month. FINE ARTS.—The subscribers to the engraving of the Duke of Wellington in his Chancellor's Robes, by Lucas, will be gratified to learn that the plate is now complete : an early Proof has been sent down to Mr. Linnecar's, where it may be inspected. It is a magnificent work of art, and will enrich the most valuable collection. The grace, dignity. and ease of the figure, as well as the admirable likeness, will cause it to be much sought after. Now we are upon the subject of engravings, we may notice a fine work which has just ap peared, published by Mr. Parkes, of London, taken from the celebrated picture by Charles Landseer, of the Sacking of Basingstoke House, which obtained the prize a year or two O. The engraver, Mr. Murray, has produced a magnificent copy of the picture, such as Landseer ne ed no t be ashamed ° f. The delicacy of the light and shade is extraordinary, whilst the fidelity with which the subjects of the picture are t ransferred, is surprising. A WOMAN COMMITTED FOR STEALING HER OWN SHAWL. Two women, named Harriet Ely and Mary Ann Williams, k ere brought up at the borough court on Thursday last, `" 4, ged with felony under the following rather singu arcir eumstanees. Mr. Lunt, pawnbroker, Pool-street, stated that "le prisoners came into his shop the preceding day, and wed g ed-ft shawl belonging to Williams, for a shilling. While he was making out the ticket, the prisoners went out of the shop, taking with them the shilling, the shawl, and the du- Plicate. He informed the police, and the prisoners were apprehended in the evening; but neither the shawl, the shil nng, nor the duplicate were found. Mr. Maude remarked that this was a felony, though the shawl belonged to one of the prisoners. The prisoners were each committed for a month. A WOMAN KILLED BY HER HUSBAND.-011 Tuesday afternoon an inquest was held before Mr. Rogerson, coroner tlf Wigan, on the body of a woman named Jana Jump, who was supposed to have come to her death by the injuries she had received from her husband, Richard Jump. It appeared from the evidence adduced, that on Monday evening, the 2 d instant, the accused, who is a schoolmaster residing in Standisgate, Wigan, and his wife, were spending the day to- Pther at some public-houses in the town, the former drink ,lng to excess, and the latter t a ki ng care o f hi m i n hi s cups. They returned home in the afternoon and quarelled, when a cattle took place between them ; after which the husband left the house and got more liquor. He returned about half- Past four o'clock, and shortly after retired to bed, where he slept until nearly twelve o'clock, when he got up and again 1 1 !tarrelled with his wife. Two young men, sons of Jump and °la wife, resided in the house, but it being the fair they were hot at home, and no one was present but Jump and his wife. The following morning, about half-past nine o'clock, a neigh bour went into the house and found Mrs. Jump sitting near the kitchen tire-place, there being no fire, with no other clothes on but her chemise, and an apron over her shoulders. ,She was found to be in a dreadful state. H er l e ft arm was broken off at the wrist, the bone of the fore arm protruding nrough the flesh and sticking fast to her hemise with clotted ' , load. She was also seriously wounded ` on the upper part of t he arm, and several ribs on her left side were severely in- Jured. Whilst the neighbour was examining her wounds Jump ,%ne down stairs, and was informed of the injury his wife foul sustained. He gave no account as to how it happened, out immediately sent for a surgeon, silo dressed the wounds, r educed the fractures, and administered proper remedies: 1 41 4 however, proved of no avail, for on . Monday morning 4 tst she died of fever, occasioned by the injuries she had re e.,eived. At the inquest evidence was adduced that Jump was the in the afternoon, and that he then beat his wife, and the dying declaration of the wife to an attendant was deposed t °, that Jump had knocked her down and kicked her, and t hat when she told him he had broken her arm, he replied he t he it had been her neck. Jump, who appeared before toe coroner in a state of intoxication, admitted that he had ti led that expression, but asserted that the injuries were Caused by his wife falling down stairs when he was endea vouring to get her to bed, bet w ee n e l even an d t we l ve o ' c l oc k, t he evening of the trial, she being then intoxicated. The i t !rY, however, returned a verdict of "manslaughter" against li t ,and he was committed to take his trial at the Liverpool assizes. P NATIONAL SCHOOL, UNCOHN.—OH Fri !'`llY week a AROCHIAL general meeting of the subscribers to this valuable In stitution was held in the school-room. Among the gentle men present, we observed the Rev. Frederick Master, vicar lof th e parish • Sir Richard Brooke Bart., of Norton iriory ; 11 0 mas Keeling, Esq., John Wright, Esq., William Forster, s :!sq., and several other influenti a l r e s id en t s a t R uncorn . Th e F was called to the chair, and he stated that the principal t n.iect of the meeting was to consider the adviseableness of ;lltaching the scool oth Diocesan Board of Education. A 'etter-was read from t Mr. e Sinclair, secretary of the national 4 1.1 ° eiety in London, recommending the union. A long and 1L r. conversation ensued upon the subject, during which ~I r . E. A. Lingard stated that he had been honoured with a ` l3 ltinunication from the Hon. and Rev. Horace Powys, sec tetary of the diocesan board, which strongly confirmed his .„ t 'wn opinion of the great advantages that would result to the ; 01 001 from its connexion with the education board, in the Ounsel and advice of an experienced person appointed by the 1 1311 9, and in the assistance that would be afforded from the i tiling systems of tuition. A resolution was ultimately pro ea the vicar, supported by Sir Richard Brooke and rried unanimously, " That the school be united to the ,Dio tellan Board of Education, and that the chairman have the ti)ndness to communicate the decision of the meeting to the oth°ll. and Rev. H. Powys, secretary of the board. Aftersome , h Lr matters of detail, management in the school, it ; t en disposed of, Mr. Keeling submitted to the meeting the i'lllPortance of forming a clothing society, for the benefit of 4 e ,Poor children, many of whom, he said, are vr meanl 1, 4 n, and attend the school without shoes and -stockings 4 ' 4 proposition was very cordially received, and all present °nee promised their pecuniary support; but it was sug ,sted b y Mr. Lingard, that the benefits of the plan might ,; t 'l'antageously be extended beyond the children of the 0001, an mde to comprehend the children of rinit blllreh School, and the adult poor of both churchesT in they Cn; and he also thought that much greater moral benefits Atrldd be conferred upon the poor objects of the charity if i re articles of clothing were not entirely given, hut the reci Znts of the bounty encouraged to contribute their weekly i J ,. tl ee, and the subscriptions of honorary members applied "°ll ortionablv to meet these deposits. This plan acted, he benefiCially at Manchester and elsewhere, and there -1),:e be recommended its adoption. The proposal was ap teved, and Mr. Keeling and Mr. Lingard were requested u ndertake the preliminary arrangements, and as the most witential one, to convene a meeting of ladies, whose services g o d be indispensable. Lady Francis Egerton, Miss Brooke, and Miss Orred are to be solicited to afford their patronage ti," l ,e society, which is to be entitled " The Runcorn Church li o ulning Society ;" and under such esteemed auspices, we aP a l ", to hear of the poor of Runcorn being provided with Ivi ts ' l , ll and comfortabl e c l o thi ng , t o pro t ec t th em f rom th e (1 1( :`"y blasts, and to enable them to appear decently at th,: r eb on the day of sacred rest. We are sorry to hear that t % ;', national school funds are much depressed, last year's ot,',;lnliture exceeding the income by upwards of £2O. This Ge.lsnt not to be, and, for the honour of Runcorn, it must not e t . e understand that a fresh canvass f or a dditi ona l su b- Itt'llions is about to be made, and we h o p e t o h ear o f it be -4'lnndantly successful. Manchester Courier. thlealderman Harmer has resigned his gown as alderman of th e _ward of F arr i ng d on With ou t, d es i r i ng , h e says ; to en j oy h oo f ePose of domestic retirement. His friends in the ward, !yl:ver, are forming committees to promote his re - e l ec ti on . " h e 47th an d 92d, now at M a lt a , b e i ng un d er orders for LINZ , . are to he equipped with the new patent spring bayonet, ,Tab.„,d by Lieut. Siborn, the talented constructor of the ' 4 4. - " 0 0 model, and author of a new work on military tac- YOUNG MEN'S ESTABLISHED CHURCH SOCIETY Last evening a meeting was held in the school-room un derneath St. Jude's Church for the several purposes of the enrolment of new members of the Young Men's Established Church Society, for renewing the subscriptions of old mem bers, and for the removal of the doubts and difficulties of those who, from any cause, hesitate to join the institution. This latter and most important task was undertaken by the eloquent, faithful, and indefatigable friend of the establish ment, the Rev. Hugh M`Neile, who from his pulpit the previous day desired the attendance of all who felt interested in the defence of our holy religion. We arc glad to say that the room was filled with young men, most attentive listeners to the reverend gentleman, and that much good may be ex pected to proceed from his address—a report of which we now lay before our readers. The Rev. GENTLEMAN commenced by reading, and com menting upon, a portion of the 4th chapter of Proverbs. It was there laid down, he observed, that the fear of the Lord was the beginning of wisdom ; and this principle was the outset of the argument for religion being the basis of edu cation. He next supplicated the divine blessing upon the pro ceedings of the evening, and also upon those of the society ; after which he delivered his address nearly as follows : The objects of our meeting together at this time were in some degree conveyed to you by the terms of the notice in which I requested your attendance. I asked to come—those young men who are members of the Young Men's Established Church Society, those who were desirous of becoming mem bers, and those who had any difficulties or doubts whether they should become members or not. With regard to the first class—those who are members—the object of the meet ing is to stir up their minds by way of remembrance. ln this world, even among good men, every goo d wor k requires to be kept stirring, because the tendency of the world is to stagnate all good. Evil is busy : the evil one is the ready one ; as it is said, "The man of God is not the man of sloth." We have more to fear a great deal from stagnation than from agitation. This you will all recognise at once by remember ing what our Saviour says about the strong man armed ; he keeps his goods in peace. That is the character of the devil. When he has all his own way, he can allow things to go on quietly ; but when a stronger than he comes, then comes contention, consequently truth is the innocent cause of con tention. You have all seen how I for one have been abused because I have said that ministers of the gospel do not promote peace in society, but war. You know very well, my friends, what that means. You remember what our Saviour said—" I come not to send peace upon earth, but a sword." Observe, lie says, " upon earth"—that is, among society generally; but what said he to his own disciples? " Peace I give to you—my peace I leave with you"—not as the world gives it give I unto you ; beloved, let not your hearts be troubled." Where his truth takes effect it does give peace; he is the Prince of Peace ; but where it does not take effect, it suffers opposition : therefore, whilst it gives peace in the christian bosom, it causes contention in a fallen world. (Hear.) That is the distinction ; and so it must be. The truth must be a cause—an innocent cause—of contention so long as the world is fallen ; it can only be at the second coin ing of him who is the truth, that it shall have permanent authority, to put down all error that there can be peace. Then truth can be externally peaceful ; at present it must needs be contention. This explanation is very satisfactory to those who are acquainted with the scriptures, but I do not expect it will be to our opponents, who choose to put their own in terpretation on scripture, without ever taking pains to read it. They choose to say "christianity, as a religion, is peace." But what do they mean ? Do they mean that it is peace to the infidel? Is christianity peace to unbelievers ? Is the christianity which preaches the godhead of Christ peace to socinians ? Is the christianity that upholds the one all-sufficient offering of Christ—of Christ once offered upon the cross—is that peace to the Roman Catholics, who are perpetually offering him in the mass ? Is the christianity which declares that man's works avail not with God, and that Christ alone taketh away sin, is that peace to the Pharisees, who are trusting to their own works ? Not at all. It is a mistake that is wilfully perpetrated. Our opponents write as if christianity was peaceful to every thing. What should you think of a house-painter, who was sent into a room properly to paint and to prepare it for the use of society, that lie was such a man of peace that he would not disturb any of the cobwebs and filthiness which had got upon the walls ? Is it possible that he should not disturb those creatures that have made the room foul ? —Why, he was sent there o n p urpose t o di s t ur b, an d Christianity is sent, in like manner. to disturb error. Yet we must be so peaceful and quiet as not to disturb error! This much I address to our friends who are already members of this society, as an encouragement to persevere. You must not expect to persevere in this, or any good work, without being accused of mischief-making ; accused, too, of being contentious persons. Now I fe e l i n som e de g ree privile g ed to address you on this subject, and to encourage you to go on, because I can here plead not only precept but example. By the blessing of God, under the conscientious conviction that we have the truth of scripture with us, I have, in your sight and presence, in this town, persevered in these things, in spite of all those people who do not attend to the scrip tures can say, or write, or print, or publish against me. I want you to stand the same, and I do not think you will for sake or desert me. (Cheers.) The members of the Young Men's Established Church Society then have, first, their duty to the society to recollect. They should recollect, that if the subscriptions to the society are not paid, they ought tc be, that the efforts which the society is making with regard to lectures, meetings, and other movements of that kind, should not incur debt, or call for any advance of money from the committee, but that the subscriptions should be paid. There may be some persons here who are anxious to become members, and in addressing the members, I have been at once encouraging them. I would now, therefore, address myself in a few words to any of you who may have difficulties or objections, and who have not there fore joined our society. I am aware of the difficulty any such one may have in expressing what his objection is in a meeting like this ; but if there are any of our young friends who feel any doubt or difficulty about the matter, it would be exceedingly satisfactory if they would come up here, and have a little quiet conversation with me,. They need not be ashamed to say, " I want more information ;" for why should I not give it, if I am able to give it, to you ? Let any of you, then, if you have any doubt whatever as to the duty of joining the society, as to its rules, or as to the nature of the society itself, or, indeed, difficulties of any kind, come up here, and sit down by me. We will have a little quiet con versation together; for what has occurred to your mind may have occurred to others, and in speaking to you I may be doing good to others. [After a short pause, the rev. gentle man continued.] If no one will do so, I will take it for granted you are agreed that the society has the suffrages of you all. You know the objects of it. They are sirnpl stated in the original prospectus, mid are these three :-Ist The delivery of lectures on national establishments for reli gion ; 2nd. The printing, for general distribution, of the lee tures, or other useful articles bearing upon the objects of th, society ; 3rd. The formation of a library, to consist exclu sively of works connected with the principles of the assoc:ia tion. The main point is the vindication of the great princi ple of a national establishment of religion. That is the poin of attack that we are associated in defence of. Our enemie; allege that there ought to be no such thing as a national es tablishment of religion. They say it should be left entircl] to the spontaneous movements of the various members o society. They would act upon their own convictions, bu what is revealed truth? They say that every man shrink follow those convictions, and support any minister he pleases or, if lie think better, support no minister at all. The great agitator of the opposite question, forgetting the principles o the church he professes to belong to, and speaking to 'neet the fancies of the liberal part of society in the present day— I mean Mr. Daniel O'Connell—says, " Every man should choose his minister as he chooses his tailor, and there should be no establishments of the Christian ministry at all." But suppose a wise government to observe that nothing would tend so much to the improvement of the society of their realm—nothing tend so much to the instruction of their subjects —to th e i r peace f u l n ess —t o th e i r prosperity in every department of life—as a tailoring establishment ; suppose, I say, that it is made out to the satisfac tion of government that a tailoring establishment would have a beneficial effect upon the whol e commun ity, then it immediately becomes the duty :of such government to have such an establishment. Take it upon that low ground, and that every individual in a private station should choose his own minister—but what is the government to do ? They are not in a private station. They have responsible duties to discharge respecting the whole community ; and if they find an institution of good brought into their realm, whether they will or not—if they find an institution appointed by the Lord Jesus Christ himself, and ministered by living men, has actually found its way into this realm without asking them—if they find they cannot put that institution out of the realm—if they find they cannot expect the large majority of their subjects to abandon it because it is there and fraught with great advantages to the community, I ask what is the duty of Government under such circumstances ? Should they stand aloof from it, or should they haint, as Coleridge calls it, as " a God—send to the rulers of the nations."— " Here," he says, "is a society, the Christian Church. It is a God-send to help you to rule your subjects. You should avail yourselves of it." This touches one view of this great question, which we have ever more pressed upon our adver saries, but upon which we have not had any satisfactory answer—l mean the question which we have put again and again, what is the duty, the whole duty of a Christian mo narch, as such ? Dr. Wardlaw has said that the duty of a Christian ruler, as regards the establishment of religion, is to have no duty at all—to keep his hands clear of it. Is that is satisfactory answer to any man with the word of God in his hand, and who reads there concerning every man, in any station in which he may be placed, that lie is called upon to do every thing that he does in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and to the glory of God;? How can a man, then, have any authority to shut him4elf out from the opportunity of using such an institution as the Church of God, and flatter himself he is doing it to the glory of God? Can any of you reject a providential opportunity thrown in your way of doing good, and flatter yourselves that you are doing it to the glory of God ? Nay, are not such opportunities trials of your faithfulness ? God throws opportunities into your way in society, such as opportunities of speaking to sick persons, opportunities of giving instruction to children, op portunities of ministering to the afflicted consolation in their troubles. Such opportunities thrown providentially into the way of the Christian man are tests; and he gives up the character of a Christian altogether if he refuses to avail him self of those opportunities t o g l or if y t h e grace of God. Now, I say, a Christian church in a realm is an opportunity thrown into the way of the ruler. Here is a society of God's up liointment. It is valuable for mighty pUrposes. -It is an engine to be used. Left to itself it may do tiniselfief in the realm ; left to itself it may become a power to subvert the state ; left to the hands of men, without controul by the secular authority or anything, it may acquire such an influ ence over the human mind, over the consciences, and over the purses of the people, as may m i ake it a formidable power in the midst of the state—a power ) that government itself cannot controul. It need only tolbe regulated in order to become a blessing instead of a curse. Let the secular power then regulate it immediately. Let the secular Power avail itself of Rills institution and say " y ou h ave doc trines to pr eac h, and discipline to observe, and they are calculated to be of the greatest service to my subjects ; I will give you all facilities for teaching those doctrines, and for the administration of that discipline; I will 'give you safe conduct through my realms; nay, more, I will locate you in every corner of the realm ; I will place you there to preach those doctrines and to admi nister that discipline ; but you must give me security, that when I have so d one, you w i ll not a l ter t h ose doctrines and that discipline ; you must give me security, when I have given you all the advantages of location, of property, and of safe conduct, for the purpose of teaching, that you will not alter and teach any thing else. (Hear, hear.) If you have no defined creed—if you are without articles of what you teach—then I must stand upon my ground, for I do not know what you may teach. When I have given you oppor tunities to teach all my people, you may, perhaps, teach them treason ; therefore I must have a defined creed from you. I do not mean to say I will draw your creed for you. That you shall do yourselves from the Scriptures : but it must be done, and submitted to me, before I will give you these ad vantages. (Hear, hear.) Dr. Wardlaw misrepresents this, and says that the established church has the established ruler to prescribe her creed. He charges us with having govern ment to point out what our creed is to be. lam willing, however, to think that this is a mistake on his part, and no thing worse. He mistakes the government requiring the church shall specify her creed for the government pre scribing that creed. The government might very properly say—" before I give you these advantages in my realm, I must have a pledge of what you teach. Shrew me what you teach." (Hear, hear, hear.) Then the representatives of the Christian Church go to the government and say- Here is what we teach. We have it from the word of God. It is in the formularies of our church. Here are our articles— here are our sentiments, taken from the Se(' ptures, with re gard to the Trinity, with regard to the way of salvation, to the sacraments of the church, to the supremacy of the king— here they a ll are i n h er ar ti c l es. " If government do not ap prove of that summary, then they may very fairly say—" We do not approve of it, and we will not give you the advantage of safe conduct in our country—nay we will rather oppose the influence you may ilhave over our people. So you are thrown into collision with the government ; but if the government approves of your summary, seeing that its parts ;ire good, that religion approves of them as good, and if yolk, pledging yourselves, thus receive a good conduct, shall elect your ministers—we do not make your ministers or your articles. Do that according to scripture. But as you have made them in a way to be used in our realm, we will place you all over the realm ; we will partition the realm into little bits, and and put one minister in one place, another in another, and you shall teach all our people these prescribed articles. If you at any time change those things which you have promis ed to teach, you must give us notice, because if we do not approve of the chnge, we will not co n ti nue th e establish ment." I say we lave. I consider this, that the state may fairly and truly say' no more to the Christian church than this, and that the Christian church can no more fairly and properly concede. We are in no bondage by this. We are accused by the same Dr. Wardlaw of being in bonds, so that we cannot change our creed. The answer is, what Christian wants to change his creed? We have already submitted our creed, derived from the word of God, to government; the word of God changes not, and the church's creed changes not ; therefore it is in vain to taunt us with the impossibility of changing the articles in our creed. Nay, more ; we say that a creed which is liable to change is not worth haVing at all. If our object were retort, which it is not, but quiet and: fair argument, I might say to Dr. Wardlaw,—" You writ( as if you wanted to have the power of changing your creed. We will make you a present of it. It is not such a creed that we want. We want no change." (Loud cheers.) But, my friends, observe, that whilst the Christian church has pledged herself that she does not seek, and will not seek any change, and whilst, upon the strength of that pledge, the government had established her throughout the realm, the government has given no pledge that they will not change their laws. We have given a pledge that we will not change our laws, but they have given no pledge that they will not change theirs ; and it is quite possible for a govern ment to go on and so alter their laws as to bring the Church into difficulty, and make it a question with the Christian Church whether she should not avail herself of an establish ment that rejoices to act so and so. It is quite possible go vernment may avail themselves of such measures as will make the Christian Church say, " We have entered into a compact, we have received advantages on one side and given them upon the other—we have given one creed which is not to be altered, and the State has legislated in a satisfactory way upon it, which involves us in no difficulty ; but now they have begun to legislate in a way that does bring us into diffi culty, in a way that gives power to our enemies of nominat ing our chief officers; now they are beginning to legislate in such a way that the opponents to our doctrines—which the State itself has agreed to, and upon that agreement the origi nal compact took place —may now be the selectors of the bishops from among the clergy. Here is the difficulty. Our church is at this very moment brought to this difficulty—by opening the highest places in the realm, even the prime minister, she permits him to have the patronage of the church, no matter what his opinions on the sub ject of religion may be, however opposed they may be to the doctrines of the Established. Church. What, then, becomes the duty of the church? In my judgment it becomes it to do one of two things—either to take a high and scriptural tone, and cast off all alliance with such a state,—(hear, hear,)—or else to take a high national tone, and constrain the government to alter its measures to wards the church. In the former case, the church would become, as in primitive times, a Christian society, with an opposing secular power ; it wou ld b ecome, in thehands of men constituted as we are, a dangerous power in any state. Witness the history of the primitive church. Our opponents are exceedingly fond of referring to the first three centuries of the church's history, when she stood aloof from the state, or, rather, was not protected by the secular power, that is, when she was in h er b r i g ht es t era , h er most successful period. They forget, however, first of all, the multitude of heresies that sprung up at that period, and that the Christian church, spreading herself amongst the subjects of the empire, acquired snch a power over men's consciences, and, by means of their fears and snperstitions, over their purses, that she had amassed such an amount of wealth as made her dangerous to the state. The Christian church actually became the perma nent authority. The ministers of the church, through the acqui sition of wealth were able to constrain the Emperor himself. So it would be again ; and this is the chief reason for choos ing what some of our friends would prefer. Such of them as are very high churchmen indeed, are for standing aloof from the state ; they are for separating from the state, and for placing the church in the condition she was in, in the primitive ages. The consequence would he, that the prin ciples of the ministers of the church would get such a power over the minds, and consciences, and property of the people, that, standing aloof from the state, they would acquire property and power to controul and coerce the state. That is the history and origin of Popery. Popery aims at subverting the civil power. The Holy Scriptures inculcate submission to the state in both ministers and people : " Let every one among you be subject to the higher powers," Peter says, " whether to the king as supreme, or to those in autho rity under him." The church would not continue subject to the secular power—the king would not continue supreme —but the church would be supreme, if there were no con nection between it and the state. It has been supreme. Popery is the supreme ecclesiastical power, by its domina tion over the ministers of the church, acquired by means of property wrung from the consciences of ignorant people. My friends, you know little of it, and I hope you never may know much ; but even Protestant ministers, who are called to the sick bed, know something of it. - A great temptation it is, and I am afraid a temptation not always resisted ; a temptation it is to prevent dying persons, who have consi derable property, who have never used any of it to the glory of God, and who have become concerned for their souls— alarmed and fearful in their last illness—to leave their property in order that they may appropriate it to religious ends. Hundreds and thousands of pounds have been so bequeathed to ministers of religion. Have you not heard of wills which are questioned, being made in articulo mortis, at the time of death ? Have you not heard of pro perty bequeathed that should have got into the hands of ministers of religion, but that the wills have been questioned by the nearest connections of the deceased ? This was the origin of the statute of mortmain, as it is called in EnglanA. Perhaps you are not aware that there are laws upon the statute-book which render it impos sible for dying persons to leave landed property to the church. It is unlawful now in England for the church to inherit landed property in England. And it was indispensable to enact such laws, or, as Blackstone says, every foot of ground in the kingdom would have become the property of the church. Here, then, is the danger upon one side—the danger of taking the rash step, seeing the position the government is in, of setting up the church as an independent power, as it would practically assume the unscriptual position—a position of su premacy over the civil ruler, instead of the scriptural position, which is one of submission. Rest assured that the visi ble church of Christ, consisting of the bulk of men, such as men are, is not able to secure converted characters, either in ministers or people, and that it is a body which requires restraint—that, in her health and usefulness, she requires restraint, and that though restraint and regulation by the civil power is a boon to her, she, at the same time, is bestow ing a boon upon the subjects of that state. It is, indeed, a mutual boon. Therefore, the line we take in the present question is not to separate the church from the state ; but it is to see the union of the church and the state, which, God be thanked, has worked such unspeakable blessings to this country, what it was when the original compact was made at the time of the reformation ; we want, and must have, government keeping its compact. (Cheers.) You see now the position we occupy. I have endeavoured to place it be fore your minds in the simplest language possible, and the alternatives which we may adopt. I need not tell you that the persons to whom I particularly alluded, who wish its separation, and who want to magnify ecclesiastical authority and ecclesiastical independence, are the preachers of what are commonly called th e Oxford tract doctrines. They are taking exceedingly high ground with regard to ecclesiastical independence. They are desirous—too plainly desirous now—of a separation between the church and the state, not, .ndeed, upon the ground of the voluntary dissenters, that :very man should choose his minister as he chooses his :ailor, but upon the high ecclesiastical gronnd of Christ's ;hurch being the chief society upon the earth. If we could secure really converted men for the administration of that :hurch—men who would not abuse their authority over the consciences of others—if we could secure all the ministers of' that church to be men who would not enrich themselves and endanger others by the influence which their office gives them, it might, indeed, be the best thing to have the church in vo luntary poverty and voluntary separation. But we cannot secure an Utopian scheme like that. Having a mixed so ciety—having a visible church with both good and bad in it —we must use the best means in our power for the regulation of such a mixed communiy. You cannot secure that all will be converted ministers in the church. You cannot secure that even a majority should be so. Therefore, you cannot agree to this principle of ecclesiastical authority and inde pendence. I appeal to history again, and refer such among you as are disposed to be put in possession of the facts to the language of the great commentator upon the laws of these realms, Blackstone. In his discussion of the law of mort main you will find it plainly made out that, but for the re straint put by those laws upon the church, she would have acquired all the property in the kingdom. As it is at this moment we find, instead of going to history for a sample of the danger of a church, or a body calling itself a Chris tian church, standing aloof from all connection with the state. Look at the Romish church at this moment. She refuses any compact with the state here. She refuses to allow the king or queen of these realms to • have even a veto upon the api)ointment of her bishops. She maintains her ecclesiastical independence. She shews allegiance to the head of the ecclesiastical authority, which is a foreign power: She is a dangerous power in any state. The rightful authority in England has no,controul over her. She has now free course. There is no constraint upon her by law, either by compact or by veto. The restraints that were put upon her in the deprivation of political privileges are withdrawn ; there is no counterbalancing restraint put upon her either by compactor veto ; and therefore she is dangerous. She has an authority, and there is no controul over it. She has full power to work upon the minds of the people as best she can ; upon the property of the people as she can touch their conscience, fears, and superstitions. There is no restr a i n t, I say , an d t h ere f ore a dangerous power is at work. In Ireland it has already overawed the government, and practically the government of that country is in the hands of the hierarchy of the Romish Church. In England it cannot do so yet. The people are not subject to it. A Romish priest could not suddenly acquire wealth; in the due course of things they must be many years ; but let them have free course for applying the doctrines and the principles of purgatory and masses upon the Superstitious and ignorant, and you will find no law of mortmain for them. Tkey can have property left them when we cannot. They are dangerous, therefore, upon that ground. So I should be sorry to join those who want to throw the Church into this predi cament, and to cause her to become separate from the state. I would rather join those who, approving of the union, and not desiring any change in the church's comp ac t, w i sh to undo the fatal change which has taken place in the government part of the compact. If you approve of this, th en , I t hi n k i t is a duty we owe to the church to vindicate the principles of this society. We want to enlighten the minds of young Englishmen on the subject of the national establishment of religion; to show them the grounds upon which it rests; the nature and necessity of the compact; the integrity with which the church had adhered to her part of the compact; and to call attention to the dangers arising from the change in the government part. It is quite clear , unless w e succee d in replacing government in the position towards the church which it held at the time the compact was made, we must be driven into the false position of standing aloof from the state—of becoming a power in the middle of a power—which is a dangerous thing in any state. Having further shown the evils of ecclesiastical independence, and defended the establishment of tithes and church-rates, the rev. gentleman concluded his admirable address by congratulating the meet ing upon the successes which had recently graced their cause. I was rather amused the other day, he proceeded, by an ac count of the proceedings that immediately succeeded the last election we had here. There was a moment of happy decep tion, during which he that was defeated, like a man in a dream, imagined himself the conqueror ; and one in attendance upon him, under the same happy delusion, opened a congratulatory address with asking, in strains of triumph, (I suppose it was after me he asked), " Where now is the lion of St. Jude's ?" I was not there ; but I am very glad they had occasion to observe some of the results of St. Jude's, for I cannot be blind to the fact that the que s tion on w hi c h it has been my privilege to take a leading part—l mean the school question--was one, at least, of the turning points which led to the brevity of the said delusion, and showed, upon a very transient scrutiny, that the congratulators upon the occasion to retire to t'—' were .fiat privacy which so becomes gentlemen who have lost public confidence. (Cheew) But they are not disposed to leave u s t o an uninterru ed discussion of this subject. They are not disposed to be quiet, and I can not blame them ; for, to say the truth, I am not disposed to be quiet. (Cheers and laughter.) A friend has just put this paper into my hands (the Liverpool Journal), and without having read or knowing what is in it, I am going to adventure upon it. There is a speech here delivered at a meeting of the Protector Society. The speaker (Mr. Rosson) concluded by warmly remarking upon " the villainous conduct of certain members of the Establishment." I would offer a comment on that before Igo any further. The speaker is not so careful in selecting his language in speaking of us, as I desire to be in speaking of that gentleman. I feel it of the utmost consequence that, in speaking of him, most gentle manlike language should be used. Now, I think it was rather straightforward to say, " the villainous condu c t o f th e clergy of the Establishment." There are such things as libels these days, and I do not know whether an action would not hold for the speaker charging the clergy with " villainous conduct in distorting historical facts, through their infa mous publication, the Protestant Almanac." Here is a most extraordinary mixture. " Villainous conduct of cer tain ministers of the Establishment, in distorting historical facts, both through their infamous publication the Protes tant Almanac—(what put it into their heads that Mr. Crisp was a minister of the Establishment?) and at their theatrical and other meetings, in order to serve political and party pur poses." I do not wonder at our theatrical meetings being a sore place. Then he says " there should be some legal and constitutional means taken to check the proceedings of men who, under the guise of religion, were doing their utmost to set fire to the four corners of the empire." Talk of persecution ! Is not this proverbially the day of free speech:? But legal means must be taken to prevent our Amphitheatrical meetings ! And this from a liberal! But what followed ? "if some such means," the speaker said, " were not speedily taken, consequences the most disastrous must speedily follow." Such as the establishment of a Pro testant government—(hear, hear)—a most disastrous conse quence, which is very likely to happen from our setting fire to the four corner s o f t h e emp i re. (L oud cheers.) The speaker next said "he knew the subject would be so lemnly taken up in parliament in the next session"—(what! a bill to be brought in against our Amphitheatrical meetings in Liverpool—that is good)—" and some plan devised to put down a set of frantic bigots. (Loud Laughter.) I declare this is no laughing sport. It is no joke for a iman to say he knows the subject will be taken up in parliament in the next session, and plans devised to keep down these frantic bigots. It is high time to consi der what must be done, as he knows it will be especially taken up in Parliament. So, then this liberal par excellence, will obtain allaw next session, if he can, against freedom of speech in England. We always told you that liberalism had tyranny at its heart. But this was not all. " Some plan devised to put down a set of frantic bigots—not six in num ber if counted on the fingers." Before I attempt to count for him, let us see what he says next. " Who had deserted their own country in order to procure rich wives or good livings in this ?" I had the vanity to suppose till now that he meant to include me. But I protest be has entirely abandoned me, for I have neither a rich wife nor a rich living. Enough for the liberal. But we must watch this act of pariiament. We must watch the notice when it is given. Some one ought to ask this gentleman what reason he has for saying it, and how he knows it.— The rev. gentleman, after a few more comments, concluded by again inviting any one who refrained from joining the society, owing to doubts or difficulties, to come to him and he would endeavour to remove them. The add ress occup i e d about an hou r an d th ree q uarters in the delivery. Some conversation of a desultory character ensued between Measrs. Griffiths, Crisp, Gladstone, Whatham, and others, relating chiefly to the mode of conducting the operations of the society ; at the close of which the meeting separated. TOWN- COUNCIL MEETING EXTRAORDINARY (NOT BY OUR OWN REPORTER.) On entering the Council-room we could not avoid being struck by its extreme silence—a feature very unusual in that assemblage ; and, upon looking round, it was not difficult to perceive that something of a very extraordinary nature was about to occupy the attention of the members. On enquiring the cause of this perplexing state of things, we were informed that the Council were then summoned to witness the re-entry into its body of that pure, patriotic, and honest man, " William Rathbone, Esq., who had just been returned to the Council, by a majority of one vote, for North Toxteth Ward, and who was this day about to " read the bigots and intolerants of that chamber such a lesson as they would not soon forget"—to " tell every tory bigot that the people were not to be imposed upon ;" and we were, therefore, at once able to account for the unusual gloom which pervaded the faces of the conservatives, and the smirk of self-satisfaction which sate upon those of the opposite party. The door at length opened, and slowly entered—not William Rathbone, surely ! we exclaimed ; not the lofty champion of liberalism, who was on that day to exterminate utterly the tories of the conncil, to swallow up all the bigots, to make mincemeat of Gladstone and Bushell, and to bolt Isaac Holmes whole. It was not surely that William Rathbone whose direful feats were foretold on Thursday last, by his whipper-in and man of all work, Mr. Tindal Atkinson ; yet it was William Rathbone after all. But how changed ! " Quantum mutatus ab ilia Hectare!" It was William Rathbone's hat—it was William Rathbone's coat—it was the face and the form of the rejected of Pitt -street ; but the spirit which erstwhile animated that form —the glory which sate upon his forehead—the " vis Divide anima" which shone in every glance of his keen gray eye—alas ! we looked for them in vain. The form before us was but William Rathbone in eclipse ! There was a silence deep and profound for a space. A chilling feeling came over the assembly. Men looked in each others faces—clung together—shrunk as under an unearthly influence. The Town-clerk tried to mend his pen, but was observed to use only the back of his knife; and the Mayor, with a look of deep emotion, held out his hands towards the figure of the new member, and seemed to say, " What ails thee, my brother ?" It was truly an affecting scene ! It was not, however, to last-for ever, The ~o-uce was at length broken, and the unfortunate r e j ec t e d o f Pit t - street, in a feeble and melancholy voice, spoke as follows : Pity the sorrows of a poor old rad, Whose trembling limbs have borne him to your door, Whose cruel friends have used him very bad; Oh ! take me in, and I will sin no more. " Time was when, seated at your council board, With Blackburn, Duncan, Preston—banished all ! Of that august assembly I was lord, The great magnifico, the king of all! " Time was o'er Pitt-street Ward I reigned supreme, And thought, alas ! my reign would never end : A change came o'er the spirit of my dream, And Toulmin drove me forth, my ways to mend. " I went to Toxteth, there my fate to try, Those loyal shipwrights hoping to beguile Alas ! they told me soon 'twas all my eye— They didn't like the fashion of my tile. Yet Hope's deluding voice still cheered me on, And told me that the victory was mine : Oh ! cruel monster, Tin-pot Atkinson ! The sin of that last mockery was thine. a I'd rather be a cat without its fur, Or goose that cloth her feathers stript bewail, Than sneak as thence I sneaked—a baffled cur, Thy empty tin-pot clattering at my tail. 011 ! pity me—a fallen, beatenracl ; The loss of place to me is hard to bear: To shut me from your c onclave is too b a d ; I cannot vent my spleen so well elsewhere I'll be an alderman, or anything, To sit within , your council-room once more; I'll De—since i-m no longer now its king — The humble cat that purl upon its floor." He ceased. His pocket handkerchief—it was a green one— was raised to his eyes ; and we t h oug ht we noticed a tear glistening upon his cheek. The council were overwhelmed with emotion. What followed, the state of mind which we were in prevented us unfortunately from recording. When we returned to a state of consciousness, we found ourselves at home ; and, from the circumstance of the Liverpool Mer cury being laid upon our table, we imagine that we must have fallen asleep after co m pl et i ng our notes , as i t is invari ably our practice to resort to the columns of that paper as a soporific, when oppressed with any pa i n f u l emotion. Poor William Rathbone ! THE LIVERPOOL TRADESMEN'S LITERARY INSTITUTION. Last night, a meeting of the institution took place at the Claren ,on Rooms, " for the purpose of adopting measures for its con inuance." It appears that owing to want of sufficient support on he part of those for whose benefit it was instituted, the directors ad determined to call a special meeting of the members for the purpose of dissolving the institution,—in consequence of which a handbill was circulated calling upon the Young Men and Trades_ men's Association to come forward, and by their efforts and support to supersede the necessity for its dissolution Mr. TYRER was called to the chair. The institution, he said had long been in a precarious condition, and the directors had determined to call a meeting to dissolve it; the present meeting was called to counteract, if possible, that object. The assistants had before been martyrs to long confinement, and if they would not support the institution, they would fall back into their former thraldom. It was a matter of bargain between them and their em ployers,—the latter having allowed them to go earlier from their places of business, on the understanding that they would attend the institution, and give it their support. It was remarkable that, as a body, the shop assistants were more numerous, and had a greater amount of property entrusted to them than any other class in the town ; yet that they were longer confined than workmen generally, lie represented in strong terms the great advantages of the in stitution, and considered that it presented strong claims on all classes for support. (Cheers.) Mr. SCHOLEFIELD moved the first resolution. He moved the resolution with some apprehension, with, Indeed, feelings almost of despondency, when he remembered the cold indifference, and even apathy, that had characterised some former meetings, and the ob- jealous, frivolous as most of them were, that had been urged to the institution. Some parties had complained of dictation, of which he was not aware. Others said they would join it when it became . . . prosperous. These did not expect that it would succeed, and threw in all their influence against it. Others were literary gluttons, and complained that there was nothing in the institution to attract them. If this institution died, they must go back to their former ........ hopeless condition ; if, however, they would support it, he and others would exert themselves to obtain even a reduction of the present hours of business. (Cheers.) There were, on a moderate calculation, 2000 assistants in this town, yet not above 156 of these had yet joined them. If they would but raise lOU additionalMem. berg, all would yet go on well. (Cheers.) Mr. WILLMER, in seconding the resolution, said, that if a fa. vourable disposition were evinced by those present towards the institution, the directors would abandon their intention of dissolv- ing it. Its advantages were great. They had a newsroom, supplied with papers and periodicals ; lectures, such as their means would enable them to support; a discussion, which opened a field for young aspirants to deliver their sentiments amongst their equals, . . before they adventured to appear amongst maturer speakers; they - , - had also classes well adapted to convey and receive instruction - - The institution was yet in its infancy; but if nurtured and supported it would become an honour and a benefit not only to this, but, by its example to other towns, in which similar institutions would spring up in connexion and correspondence with it, (Cheers.) Mr. MAXWELL also strongly appealed to those around him in behalf of this institution, the subscription to which was but 125 6d per annum. In justice to their employers, he would say that he had heard some of them say, that if they (the young men) only • • came forward in its support, they would not hesitate to close their shops at 7 o'clock. (Cheers.) The resolution was then put and carried Mr. RAIVLINGS moved the second resolution Mr. FLowan seconded the resolution, and irt a very feeling and eloquent manner, suppported the claims of the institution. The dignity of man, .he said, consisted in the cultivation of his mind. He did not think that the time was yet sufficient for reaping the advantages of the institution. He concluded by wishing it every success, and announcing that he should put down his name as a subscriber and that of a friend. He wished he could put down twenty ; but he should use his best influence in b thalf. (Cheers.) The resolution was passed. Many of those present then signed their names as members; and the meeting, which was pretty numerous,, passed a vote of thanks to the Chairman, and dispersed. I ANNIVERSARY DINNER OF THE LIVERPOO L CYMREIGYDDION SOCIETY. 'e society was evening at the Angel Hotel, Dale-street, when a Hirlas from the Cymreigyddion of Abergavenny, and other tok__ of Welsh gratitude, were presented to Sir Joshua Wahnsle) for his patronage and munificent hospitality to the Gordo vigion Royal Eisteddvod, lately held in this town. The din ner was served up with Mr. Towers's well-known good taste and gave the highest satisfaction. A Welsh harper was it attendance, who played during dinner and between the toasts and who•execcted " Pen Rhaw _ English Gentleman," " Ruthin Castle," &c. Between 50 and Lnd variations, " Th, 60 gentlemen sat down to dinner, among whom we noticed Mr. Hughes, of Pitt-street, (in the chair,) supported on his right by Sir Joshua Walmsley, Dr. Hughes, the Rev. D. James; and on his left by the present Mayor (Mr. Thomas Bolton), the Rev. R. Davies, Dr. Williams, W. C. Davies, Esq-, &c. &c. Mr. John Jones occupied the vice-chair. The CHAIRMAN rose and said,—Gentlemen, I rise to pro pose a toast—a national one, and perhaps some of my English friends will think it rather strange ; but when they are given to understand that it is a national one, 1 am sure they will excuse it :—" Oes y byd i'r iaith gymralg"—" The dura tion of the world to the Welsh language."—(Drank with ap plause.) The CHAIRMAN.—I am going to propose a toast, in drink-. ing which I hope you will all fill your glasses, and empty them to the bottom—not leaving a drop in. I announce to you the health of the Queen, and may she be the mother of a numerous and happy family—the Duchess of Lancaster. (Drank enthusiastically with three times three.) The CHAIRMAN.—I rise to propose a toast of an indivi dual not known in this country above two or three days. I was in hopes that we should meet here to celebrate the birth of a Prince of Wales ; but, however, if we have not a Prince of Wales, we have a Princess Royal, and may the Princess Royal be a better woman than her mother. (Laughter.) We do not know what the present Queen will do for us, and much less what the Princess Royal. However, we drink her health, and may she live many happy years. (Drank with applause.) The CHAIRMAN rose to propose another toast—one of the Royal Family, and one of the principal ones next the Queen ---Prince Albert. (Drank with applause.) The CHAIRMAN hoped the Vice-Chairman would look to his friends to his right and left, and see that they did justice to the next toast. He proposed the health of the Queen Dowager and the rest of the Royal Family. (Drank with cheering.) The CHAlRMAN. — Gentlemen, I expect you are prepared for the next toast. I have no doubt it is one which will agree with all your feelings. The subject is rather a serious one, and one which we ought to bear in mind at all times. The parties whose health I am about to propose are zealously employed day by day, and for anything we know, by lamp oil as well.. I am going to give you the bishops of the diocese and the clergy. (Great applause.) The honour of replying to this toast was deferentially given to his friend, by both Messrs. Davies and James ; to settle which amicable dispute the company decided on hearing both gentlemen. The Rev. R. DAVIES rose merely to express his thanks as an individual, united with those of his brother at the table, and of his brethren throughout the diocese, who deeply felt the kindness continually expressed at dinners like the present, and hoped the clergy would always act in such a manner as to deserve it. He begged to drink their healths. Mr. JAMES.—I thought, Mr. President, and gentlemen, that our thanks were better left with my senior friend, the incumbent of St. David's Church, of this town. However, 1 have great pleasure in expressing my sense of the kind feel ing expressed to the bishop of the diocese, and the clergy, in cluding myself, an humble individual amongst them. I ob serve such improvement latterly both in the bishops and the clergy, as to lay strong claims on the attachment of this great nation. When there is an improvement in connexion with reli gion, people begin to form a proper opinion of the respective du ties of men holding high situations in the country, and of the dignitaries of the church. The Bishop of Chester is one of the best if not the best, as regards his ability, zeal, and con descension to his clergy, working night and day in promoting the great interests of religion. He selects working clergy in the different parishes of his diocese. The time is come that we must have working bishops, deans, canons, rectors, and curates; and not before that is fully and generally establish ed shall we be entitled to have our names brought forward on such occasions as the present. The kind feelings of both rich and poor were united in one desire, to promote the great and glorious work intrusted to them by the rulers of the land. (Cheers.) The CHAIRMAN next gave "The Members for the Bo rough of Liverpool." (Drunk with great cheering.) The CHAIRMAN then rose and said—lt is not often the Welshmen in Liverpool have a mayor amongst them. (Cheers.) And lam sure'you will agree with me, now that we have the honour of his company, that we should make the .best of him while we have him. I give you—" HiS Worship the Mayor, Thos. Bolton, Esq." (Drank with three times three, and one cheer more.) Tle MAYOR rose and said he felt highly gratified at the very kind manner in which his health had been drank. It was peculiarly gratifying to him to meet so large a portion of his neighbours the Welsh—the ancient Britons—uncon quered„and unconquerable. And considering Liverpool, as it really was, the epitome of Great Britain, it was gratifying to him to witness the cordiality and rood feeling which ex isted among them. The largest portion of the inhabitants of Liverpool were from Ireland, the next largest from the prin cipality of Wales, some from Scotland, and numbers from all parts of England north and south. Although people differed in religion, they found from society and expe rience that there Was good in all, and it was found best to be charitable towards all on account of the good to be found in all. He f e lt sure this toast was very undeserved on his part : the station he had the honour to fill was one which, as regarded himself and others, in the course of the time he had been a resident in Liverpool—nearly forty years—(cheers) —he had seen filled by various characters, of great worth, each stfmulating his successor in the duties he was about to perform. He concluded by saying that he should ever remember the kind and flattering manner in which they had drank his health. (Cheers.) Rev. Mr. Huctans.—l will assure you, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, that although I have often risen on an occa sion similar to this, 1 never did rise under the same difficulty that Ido at the present time. I recollect sitting close to Lord Jeffrey, when Lord Ad voca t e o f Scotland nd after How an apo- giving an able speech, he apologised and spoiled it ever, I do not mean to spoil my speech by making logy. But, sir, I have a few things to say in reference to the splendid gift I am about to present to Sir Joshua Walm sley ; and, in connexion with Sir Joshua, I will join the motto at the head of th e car d—" O es y b y d i' r iaith yym raey." Pitiful is the man who loveth not his native coun try : and I defy any one to produce a phrase which contains so much pith, energy, and good sense, as is comprised in this one sentence. The first feeling of the human mind is attachment to his native land and this is not peculiar to you, the native Britons ; but I am much obliged to the Mayor for allowing them the precedence, which has been de nied by some. The Cretans gave expression to their love for their native soil, as a mother does to her offspring. The Ethiopians, amidst their desert wilds, said that God formed the desert, and angels the rest of the world : such is the at tachment to our native land. An Arabian woman _came to England, who was very much struck with what she saw, which she described with so much vivacity on her return that many wished they had accompanied her. But on fur ther inquiry one thing was found wanting =— there were no dates; and they said, " We will rather stay in our own coun try if there are no dates." So with the Welsh : they would rather stay in their own country than fare sumptuously in that of others_ it t,, w..,_ , _ ------ --- with ineumug wsue so many welshmen coming together to celebrate the memory of the land which gave them birth, excited by attachment and patriotism. I remember reading a paper on the advantages of prejudice, which quotes the opinion of a cobbler, who made up his mind that one Englishman would beat three French men. This paper was written by Lord Chesterfield, who said " Would it not be right to cherish this opinion ?" 1 would not be like this cobbler. I would rather form a correct estimate of the land which has given me birth, and in which I have the honour to dwell. In speaking of Wales, every Welshman is prepared to go to the extreme. It is na tural. There are parts in the principality which are a per fect illustration of the sublime and beautiful—the sublime in the mountains, the beautiful in the plains and val leys. I saw an account lately that Penmaen Mound was for sale. To think of selling this mound, nearly as large as Snowden, is astounding. You will recolle c t th a t Dean Swift mentions this as a dangerous pass, and says— " Before you venture Pcns to pass, Take a good refreshing glass ;" And at the other side of the road, when the danger is past he adds— " Now you're beyond take the other, Your drooping spirits need another." No country givis me greater pleasure than travelling through my own. I have never been drawn beyond the bounda ries of the English channel to France ; but in travel ling through Ireland and Scotland, I have scarcely come to a mountain without thinking of my own—the names also are similar to those in my own country. Other things present a similar aspect, but still my native land excels them all. If I could describe with the pen of Scott, I would tell of battles fought, and achievements which would be delightful and pleasing to all; but of infinitely more im portance than this is the state of the morals and education of that country. I remember a passage in a work by Miss Sinclair, daughter of Sir John Sinclair, who travelled the principality, and saw no riots, or tumults, or anything to disturb the public peace. It is, in fact, a great temperance society. The advocates of temperance prevail to such an extent as to convey the feeling throughout the country.— Welshmen have their peculiarities ; and one is, obedience— willing obedience to the laws, if dealt fairly with ; and obstinate resistance if opposed. (Hear, and cheers.) In connexion with this, they were a contented people. Their hospitality was well known. Hugh Lloyd, returning from the wars, on arriving at his old cottage, after an absence of years, unknown and unexpected, beheld his brother's wife and children, sitting on the stone bench which he had erected, and having flummery and milk for their suppers. He asked in English if they would give " Poor Jack" a night's lodging— they understood his signs (not like the flippant Frenchman, who insults you with his compliments)—they answered, " Yes, and supper too." Delighted with their simplicity and hospitality, he thus addressed them : " Am win a phethau gwychion Fraine yw'r Ile, Am fwydydd creision, p'le fel Llundain dre ; Am gaws a menyn, mae Holland heb ei bath, Ond gwell na dim, gan I, yw llyinru a lineal." Which may be thus done into English : For wines delicious mighty France is praised, And various dainties were for London raised ; ' With butter Holland half the world supplies, But milk and flummery more than all I prize. A curious story is told respecting a contest for precedence between the rival Welsh houses of Pentre and Tirernddn, which, though less bloody, was not less obstinate than that between the houses of York and Lancaster. Mr. Rogers of Wernddu, dining with a friend at Monmouth, proposed to one of the guests that they should travel together, and as the weather was bad, they m i g h t, i n case of need, lodge at tho house of his cousin, John Morgan. But on calling on his cousin, a dispute arose as to precedency, and as he would not give in, his cousin refused him admittance to his house, while his fellow-traveller, with whom no dis pute existed, was treated with great hospitality. It is not necessary to dwell upon the maiter. I have merely brought it forward to bring before the meeting the character of the Welsh. At th e l as t Ei stedd f od h e ld at Liverpool, a premium of £2 was offered for the best Welsh poetical composition on " The Resources of Liverpool, and its claims to the name of Modern Tyre," (Am y Bryddestawd oreu, ar unrhyw fesur a ddewiso y Cyfansoddydd, " Ar Dref a Phorthladd Ller pwll, a'i hawl o barth cyfoeth a Marsiandiaeth i gael ei galw —Tyrus Newydd.") I believe it was not awarded ; but this is sufficient to show the manner in which this subject was considered. In the 'principality there are three things of which the nation of the Cymry possess the best of their kind in the world—bardism, law, and instrumental music. There are some things which existed in Wales anterior to their being known in England. Trial by jury existed in the principality previous to its being known in England, in the reign of Edward the Confessor, in the year 910. Owen the Good wrote a code of Welsh laws, and trial by jury was known in Wales 40 years before it was adopted by the Saxons. Talk of antiquity—the bardic characters were used long before written language was known in this great nation. Talk about poets—it is said that Welsh poets wrote long before Romulus was born ; and in a glance at the prize essay obtained by Mr. Williams at the tibergavenny Eisteddfod, I see that the bardic chamrters were cut in wood, in the same manner as the Chinese, for it was some hundreds of years before they were written on paper. But if we only had trial by jury in Wales before it was rn known in England, it was certa i n l y a great advantage i n our arc about to present to Sir Joshua Wahnsley, in order that he may have something belonging to our country. The first mention of the horn was of one possessed by the Earl of Rich- mond, when the crowr the British empire was disputed, until he met and defeated the enemy on Bosworth Field. He presented this horn to an ancestor of the present Lord Caw dor. The next one is now in Penrhyn Castle. These two instances we can depend upon, in which the national vessel is placed on record, and which is now presented by an humble member of the Cymreigyddian Society. It is an humble but sincere tribute of the gratitude of Welshmen, not of Liverpool alone, but throughout the Principality ; it is to keep them in your mind, by doing as much as they can, but not so much as they would have wished. You may place it before you and your family, that which will show the gra titude, the genuine gratitude of Cambrians. The speaker here repeated the following verses : HIRLAS Nor let the tuneful lips be diy, That warble Wahnsley's pn Whose deeds by British bards a In Britain's peaceful days. OP Fill the horn ! 'tis our delight To entertain our gallant knight; This hour we dedicate to joy-- Then fill the HIRLAS HORN, my boy Fill it higher still, and higher . ; Wine will noblest praise inspire. For Walmsley fill the horn so grt Such glories round thee we'll diffuse, The soul of Cambria's happy muse; And, should the bard his aid deny, Thy worth shall never—never die ! The four last lines are adopted from Horace.—Allowing the power of the bard to be great in comparison with that of the painter, I am sure this will be in keeping with the feelings, I will not say of those who surround me, but of those who surround this table. (Hear.) I cannot express my feelings towards him who threw open the doors of his hospitable mansion to us without inquiring our religious opinions, and gave us a muniffeent display of the hospitality of the ex- Mayor of Liverpool. I wish I could utter a sentence suffi ' , • .• • • ciently graphic of his munificence, of his spontaneous kind ness, and of his quick perception. (Loud applause.)— I have the honour of presenting this vessel from the Cym reigyddin Society of Welshmen in England to Sir Joshu Walmsley, wishing that he might live long to enjoy the sight o it, humble as it is, and that it may be passed to his childrer as a memorial of Welshmen's gratitude. (Three times three and one cheer more.) Mr. Ilughes then said he had a more humble gift to present to Mr. Walmsley, and it was given with the same feeling which had prompted the other, excited by the munificent conduct of the mayor. He would hand this to Mr. Janies.- Mr. JAMES said there had been some delay, and he could not present the composition to Sir Joshua Walmsley in tilt manner in whieh it was intended. (It was here read.) It was to have been translated for presentation to Sir Joshua Walmsley by one who ranks amongst the best scholars in Europe—Archdeacon Williams. There were some objec tionable parts, and he would not force it upon Sir Joshua until he had submitted it for revision, and this was the cause of the delay, as he had not yet received the answer in return. (The English version was here read, and received with great applause.) The horn Was a very beautiful specimen, mounted in silver, upon which, near the mouth, was inscribed—" Sir Joshua Walmsley, Marchog, Llynlleitiad, oddiwrth Cymreigddion Fenni—Er arwydd o Larch am ei letteugarwch i'r Cymry ar Eisteddfod y Gordovigion vn Mehefin." And in the middle d'ir Cam Ilirlas." Sir JOSHUA NVALMSII —- ; : ose to reply. He said—The kind and hearty manner in which this present has been made excites feelings which I have not power or language to ex press. Indeed, it is another added to the many and deep obligations I owe to my fellow -townsmen ; and never, I be lieve, with the most sedulous att en ti on an d to il , i n the course of a long life, shall Ibe able to repay them. I shall make it my earnest study to become worthy of this good feeling, by exerting myself for the best interests of my fellow -townsmen. Through you, sir, I have received this valued offering, which your countrymen have deputed you to convey ; and which is to me a source of perfect gratification. It will please and de light, not as the offering of a section or party, but as a national tribute. lam not sure that it is a tribute to the man, but as to the chief magistrate of this great town—as an offering of friendship, to unite still closer and closer those bonds of amity so long existing between the members of that magis tracy and the inhabitants of this great, flourishing, and corn inercial community. It may truly be said of Welshmen, that they are grateful and free—generous and brave. May they, sir, live long, and enjoy, in prosperity and peace, the language of liberty and song, so peculiarly their own. And I need scarcely assure you, sir, that one of the most pleasing recollections of my mayoralty is, that I have thereby been enabled to show the civility and kindness which my fellow-townsmen and myself feel towards the Welsh resi dents and their L friends. Sir, as the humble depositary of this valued treasure, 1 feel that is one of my richest and choicest treasures ; and, sir, until my fellow-townsmen, as such may be, require it from me, 1 shall consider it rather theirs than mine. I shall put the highest value upon it ; and in case it shall not be required from me I shall transmit it, as a heir-loom to my family, of which, indeed, I am truly proud. Sir, I thank you and all my Welsh friends for this valued present—for the kind manner in which you have received and treated me. I feel disposed at this moment to drink out of this horn—" Cymry fu—Cymry fydd"— (" Welshmen were—Welshmen will be.") If you will allow me to do so, I will drink your healthy, and trust that as " Cymry fu—Cymry fydd." (Loud cheers.) (The worthy knight having done so, was greeted with enthusiastic plaudits, during which he sat down.), -He rose again, how ever, and said that lie had forgotten to propose the health of their most excellent chairman, andlhe trusted that the society would progress under his fostering care and that of his . suc cessor. lie proposed the health of the President and the Cymreigyddion Society. (Drank with three times three.) The CHAIRMAN returned thanks. He said the Cymrei gyddion -Society was likely to do much good. They had neither religion nor politics. lie had set his face against that ever since he had the honour to fill that chair. 11 e did his best to give satisfaction; but the greatest praise was due to the committee, and he returned thanks on behalf of the committee and himself, for the kind manner in which they had drank hi: health. (Cheers.) Sir JosnuA. WALMS s LEY said he had received a medal which was intended for Miss Davis, (a very interesting little girl), who had been unsuccessful in gaining the prize at the Eisteddfod, but who certainly deserved it. After passing sundry encomiums on the young lady's performance, and giving advice as to her future conduct, he presented the medal, amidst the cheers of the company. After which the Rev. Mr. JA M ES, and other gentlemen, addressed the meeting, and at a suitable hour dispersed. His Excellency Baron Brunow has quite recovered from his recent indisposition. The death of the late Princess Borghese was the result of a violent inflammation in the throat. A Queen pine, weighing seven pounds and a half, was cut last week in the pineries at Ffrwilgrech, the seat of S. Church, 14:sq., near Brecon. —Monmouthshire Merlin. The congregation of Trinity Church, Rathmell, in the parish of Giggleswick, lately presented to the Rev. John Howson, M.A., a beautiful tea service of silver, along with a pocket Communion Service ATTORNEYS One hundred and forty-three gentlemen have given notice of applying to be admitted attorneys of the Court of Queen's Bench duri ng th e p resent term, an d t h ere are also twenty-nine notices of applications for re-admissions to practice. It is circulated in the higher circles, that Lady Fanny Cowper, daughter of Viscountess Palmerston, and sister of Earl Cowper and Lady Ashley, will be united in the course of the ensuing month to the Hon. Charles Gore, brother of the Earl of Arran. The following handbill has been plentifully distributed in " Bonnie Carlisle :"—The Mayoralty ! Wanted a respect eble middle-aged man for the office of mayor of the city of Carlisle. Applications must be sent in on or before Tuesday n ext. N.B. Nothing allowed for breakfasts. One of the principal banking-houses of Vienna, Messrs. Wendl and Co., have suspended payment. The liabilities are believed to amount to several hundred thousand florins. —Galignani. As an indication of the unsettled state of the French capi tal, it is stated that in the month of October, while the amount deposited in the savings' bank of Paris was 1,756,278 francs, the sums drawn out during the same period amount to 5,435,00 Q francs. It is very remarkable that eight peers, who were married to divorced women, died suddenly within the last three years. The Buxton and other hills of Derbyshire were covered with snow this morning (Thursday) to the depth of several inches.—Slockport Advertiser. LEIGH.—This district, where a great number of band loom waavers are usually employed, is the scene of widespread and severe distress. We hear that more than 1500 weavers are out of employ. It is said to be the intention of George Stephenson, Esq., Civil Engineer, to establish a manufactory 'near Whitby, for the purpose of smelting iron from the ironstone, which is found in great piantitie4 from the almost inexhaustible mines in the neighbourhood. On Friday, as Mr. Maynard's hounds were passing along Staveley-lane, near Ringwood Hall,,a carter's dog suddenly started off at top speed, when away went the whole pack after him in full cry. They chased him down to Ringwood Hall, where the pursuers found out their error ; not before, how ever, they had afforded hearty laughter to those engaged iu the sport. While it lasted, a better hunt could not be.— Derby Mercury. The house of H. and J. Johnson and Co., long known as Irish bankers and merchants, have issued circulars to all their correspondents, making it known this morning that they have for the present felt it their duty to suspend their busi ness and further payments. They have, it appears, just detected a complicated scheme of swindling, in which several parties are concerned, and which is the cause of their taking the present step. Their loss is estimated at not much less than £lOO,OOO, but the extent of it is not at present ascer tained. Though their liabilities are considerable, it is ex pected that every claim will be satisfied, and there are also hopes that some of their proFerty which has been abstracted, though far less than the whole amount, will be recovered.— Times. REMARK A BLE •W • —During the forenoon of EATHER Mon day, at Barnsley, the atmosphere became singularly warm, gusts of warm air wafting at intervals through the t own as from some furnace. In the evening of the same day, the wind arose and blew a tremendous hurricane, and the tem perature changed to a keen frost. Early in the morning of Tuesday the ram fell in torrents, and the waters overflowed the banks of the winding Dearne, giving to the extensive valley below the appearance of a sea. During th e v i o l ence of this storm, great fears were entertained that the large re servoir, the property of the Barnsley Water Works Company, situate near to the banks of the D earne, would burst its b an k s . H owever , its excellent foundation caused it to brave the storm. On Tuesday and Wednesday night the Penis tone Moors were covered with snow, and on Thursday the white mantle was spread over the town and neighbourhood of Barnsley.—Leeds lutelligencer. BREEDING EXTRAORDINARY.— On Sunday, the 15th instant, a cow, of the Angus Polled breed, aged three years and eight months, belonging to Mr. Hector, farmer, Ferny flat, Kincardineshire, produced the extraordinary number of four calves : an interval of four hours took place between the first and second ; and anhoiir between that of the second and two last, which were calved at the same time. The first calved was a cow, the other three were bulls.. Weak symp toms of life were observed in the first and second after birth. The whole four were healthy looking calves, showing a proportionable de ve l opment of structure, arid the heads and extremities of all were coated with hair. The first calved weighed 241bs. , the second 17111)s, the third 2511 b5 , and the fourth 171bs, making a gross weight of 8111bs. The cow had a calf on the 19th January last, and has since then been in milk. Her present calving was premature, by two months and nine days,.—her proper time being the 24th of January next. The calves are now in the possession of Mr. Teviot dale, veterinary surgeon, Bervie, who is to preserve them, and to whom any one may apply, who has any wish to see them,—Montrose Standard. THE PROTESTANT ALMANAC AND THE LIVERPOOL TIMES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. SlR,—Will you allow me to use your paper as a medium of returning my hearty thanks to the Editor of the Liverpool Times, for the kind notice he has taken of my " Protestant Almanac." I never could consent to advertise in a radical paper. I have ever had a deep-rooted objection to contri buting one sixpence towards the circulation of erroneous principles or false doctrines. Consequently, to be favoured with a leading article, advertising my almanac, was more than I could expect, and certainly deserves my hearty thanks. One or two words upon the article in question. The writer says, " The chief object of the publication seems to be, to excite feelings of hatred against the religion of some seven or eight millions of British subjects, by re viving the memory of crimes committed centuries ago, and which the Roman Catholics of the present day abhor as much as the Protestants." have a most sin Now, if the Roman Catholics do abhor these crimes, they Igular way of shewing it. the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, that itrocious and cold-blooded slaughter. His present Holiness shews his abhorrence by having the medal in commemoration of it recast at the Mint at Rome so recently as December last. It is his Holiness the Pope, then, and not I, who is endeavouring to keep alive feelings of animosity, "by re viving the memory of crimes committed centuries ago." Do the notes to the Popish Bible published in Dublin, in 1818, shew any abhorrence at the crimes which are recorded ? See note in Hebrew, c. v. 7th v. For instance " THE TRANSLATORS OF THE ENGLISH PROTESTANT BIBLE OUGHT TO BE ABHORRED TO THE DEPTH OF HELL,". Again note on St. Matthew, c. xiii. v. 29 .• , "The GOOD (i. e. the Papists) must tolerate the EVIL (i. e. the Protestants) when it is so strong that it cannot be redressed without danger or disturbauce of the whole Church; otherwise, where ill men, he they heretics or OTHER MA LEFACTORS, may be punished or suppressed, without dis turbance or hazard of the good, they may, and ought, by public authority, either spiritual or temporal, to be chastised or EXECUTED." So that we Protestants are simply tolerated because we can not be exterminated without danger to the Church. These notes were published under the authority of Dr. O'Reilly, Dr. Murray, and nine other Popish bishops, as I have before stated, so lately as 1818, and yet Roman Catho lics of the present day would have us believe " that they abhor the remembrance of such crimes as 1 have recorded." • I will go further and contend that a strict Romanist is bound to exterminate heretics. And this is one solid reason why we would not wish them to be ascendant. Our cry of " Protestant ascendancy" is not therefore an idle sound without a meaning. We are now ascendant and we persecute not them. No charges of St. Bartholomew massacres, or inquisitorial tor tures can be brought against the Protestant religion. We wish our Popish fellow men every spiritual and temporal good, but we do not wish them to have ascendancy. That Papists have ever been martyred for the religious er rors which they held I deny. For treason against the So vereign they have been punished, and I trust ever will be. Could cases of persecution by Protestants have been proved, it would not be under the sanction of their religion, but in direct opposition to it, while Popish persecution and murder would be in strict accordance with their system. Although I would not attempt to defend the character of Henry VIII., I fancy he would have made as good a Pope as John XI., John XII., Benedict IX., Gregory VII., and a host of others. But let it ever be remembered, that Henry's vices were Popish vices, and justified by Popish au thorities. fear I have already takeu up too much of your space, but let me, in conclusion, again thank the Editor of the Times For considering my " Protestant Almanac" of sufficient im portance to form his leading article.—l am, Sir, your obedie n t servant, JOSEPH C RISP. P.S.—Since writing the above, I find that my Almanac]: has also been honoured by the notice of a learned gentleman of the bar, in his Protector harangue ; and I append these few lines to inform Mr. John Rosson, and all whom it may 'oncern, " that cert a i n m i n i s t ers of die establishment" have nothing whatever to do with the Protestant Almanack, but that I alone am responsible. for all that appears therein ; and defy Mr. Rossou, with all his legal knowledge, to disprove he events there recorded. The rest of this learned gentle nan's vituperation may safely be passed over. A little irri- :ation at this time is naturally to be expected from these Protector gentlemen, and his remarks merely put one in nind of little boys running behind a coach, who, when cuffed town by the passengers or coachman, run after, and Cling lint at them. Trusting, sir, that, should I be allowed to !ompile the Protestant Almanac:li for 20 years, I may not lave to record " John Rosson, a Papist, elected Mayor of Averpool," I remain your's, &c., J. C. BANKING TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. MR. EDITOR,—I purpose, by your permission, to send you, from time to time, letters containing a few plain thoughts on Banking. lam aware that they will be at va riance with most of the writers on the subject —men of no ordinary talent, and amongst whom I feel myself to be " Infelix peer atque impar congressus Achille." The only pretensions I have to advance are those of experi ence, gained during many years in private and joint-stock banks. Banking is a profession or business brought into existence by the wants of trade. It is of recent origin, not only be cause trade and commerce have till within the last two cen turies been limited, but civilisation has not sufficiently ad vanced to render the profession of banking safe to the public or the banker. The first bankers were the Jews and goldsmiths. Even at the present day, the London b a nk ers ca ll th e i r was t e b oo k s " Goldsmiths' . Book received " and " Goldsmiths' Book paid." The first public bank was formed at Venice. This was followed by the Bank of Amsterdam, and some years afterwards by the Banks of England and Scotland, projected by a Mr. Paterson, a Scotchman. Before the formation of the Bank of England, the banking houses of Messrs. Child and Messrs. Snow were in exist ence. Both Mr. Child and Mr. Snow were goldsmiths. The former establishment was a very formidable rival to the Bank of England, which is said to have been in danger of suspending payment in consequence of the heavy demands made by Messrs. Child (who also issued notes) for payment of its notes. The expedient of paying in boxes of silver, containing £l,OOO each, was resorted to by the Bank of England ; and thus, by gaining time in the counting and re counting the silver, the bank was enabled to meet its en gagements. Many years afterwards, the banks of Messrs. Hoare, Gosling, Ilatikey, Grote, and others, were opened. Banking appears to have extended very slowly to the pro vincial towns. Nottingham, Hull, Derby, and Bristol were amongst the first places where they were opened; and it was not till the end of the last century that they were generally formed in the larger country towns. The prosperous state of agriculture, and the frequent highway robberies, at that time, in addition to the inconvenience of carrying gold and silver, aided their success. In December 1825, and January 1826, about eighty bank ing houses stopped payment ; and though some resumed business, and many paid their creditors in full, the panic was so alarming throughout the country, that the govern ment, at the head of which was Lord Liverpool, determined to take measures to obviate a similar disaster. Two methods were suggested—the formation of joint-stock banking com panies, and the opening of branches of the Bank of England in the provincial towns. The existing law which prohibited the number of partners in a bank exceeding six, was an ob stacle to the former plan ; and any alteration in the law re quired the sanction of the Bank of England. The other mode was objected to on the ground that the Bank would, by extending itself into the country, obtain too large a share of power ; and that only the larger towns would, if a benefit, derive any advantage from the Bank of England, as in them only the branches would be opened. It must be confessed that the Bank of England liberally consented to the repeal of the law which prohibited joint stock banks in England. Both plans were adopted ; joint stock banking was legalized in England, and the bank gra dually opened establishments in ten or twelve of the largest towns. The privilege of forming joint stock banks in England was very tardily acted upon. No body - of respectable men step ped forward to second the views of the government; and it is to be regretted that those joint stock banks which have been formed, have originated more generally with individuals prompted by self-interest, than with persons actuated by a sense of public advantage. The Gloucestershire Banking Company, the National Provincial Bank of England, the Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, and the Bank of Birmingham, were amongst the first joint stock banks in England. Till the year 1830 very few were formed, and it was not till the speculations of 1835 spawned them into ex istence, that joint stock banks were generally in operation. About this time they were in universal favour with the pub lic, and, perhaps without exception, their shares were at a premium. Many private bankers, alarmed for their own business, took refuge in the conversion of their establish ments into joint stock banks. The first check to the career of joint stock banking was the failure of the Norwich and Norfolk Joint Stock Banking Company. This bank, with a small, though sufficient capital, paid dividends of Bs. 6d. after all its paid up capital was lost ! The stoppage of the North ern and Central Bank of England was " a heavy blow and great discouragement" to the system, and the failure of the Agricultural, the Southern, and the Provident Banks, in Ireland, together with the failure of the Birmingham Bo rough Bank, the Bank of Birmingham, the Phtenix Bank, the Central Bank of Liverpool, London Trades' Bank, Southern District Bank, Imperial Bank of England, Lea mington Bank, Commercial Bank of England, cam aliis— and the losses of the Manchester and Liverpool District— the Hull and the Yorkshire District Banking Companies, whereby the shareholders have so severely suffered, and the transactions of the directors and managers which have been brought to light, have caused a re-action with the public against joint stock banks, and in favour of private banks. Banks are divided into two classes—those of deposit and issue, and those of deposit only. Country banks generally are of the former class ; and all the London banks, and those of Lancashire, belong to the latter description. There is no obstacle to the private bankers in London, and the Ovate and joint-stock banks of Lancashire, issuing notes. The at tempt has not been made in London ; and in Lancashire, banks of issue are so greatly discouraged, that they are una ble to maintain a circulation, and are scarcely allowed to be respectable.-1 remain, sir, your most obedient servant„ 0. [We shall be glad to receive the promised contributions of our correspondent, if he will permit us to make such altera tions in his future letters as we have taken the liberty to make in the above.—E. L. STAND.] THE PILOTS, TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL JOURNAL Six,—l n your last paper there was a letter, signed " Egre mont," the writer of which knows more about Sabbath breaking than the duty of pilots. He is perhaps not aw are that pilots cannot " scour the seas" beyond the limits pre scribed by their act of parliament. He asks, " Where were they last Monday night, when upwards of twenty Souls were left to perish through the want of pilots ?" Now this is a question which may lead the public to believe they were off duty. and that the Scotland was lost through the want of pilots, when it was not the case. The pilot boats were all at their stations last Monday night, and if the Scotland had been kept to windward until she got a pilot on board, she would ere this have been safely moored in one of the docks. I do not hesitate to say that a great portion of the vessels lost in coining to Liverpool are lost through the selfishness of their commanders, in endeavouring to evade paying pilot age; thus endangering the lives of their crews, and risking the loss of their vessels, for The paltry sum of a few pounds I am your's, &c.. Nov. 21st, 1840 A PILOT, SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE GOSPE.L.— During the summer and autumn, public meetings on behalf of this society have been held in various parts of England and Leland; and to show how entirely have been sanctioned by the herds of our church, it is satisfactory to state, that they have been presided over by the following prelates ill their respective dioceses :—The archbishops of Canterbury, York, Armagh, and Dublin; the bishops of London, Durham. Winchester, Worcester, Exeter, Salisbury, Gloucester and Bristol, Hereford, Lincoln, Norwich, Ripon and Derry. The number of district associations was, in 1838, 200; in 1839, 310 ; and in 1810, 400. Income of the society from voluntary subscriptions during the last four years :-1836, £9,407 ; 1837, £10,752; 1838, £16,082; 1839, £23,443. The re ceipts up to the 31st October of the present year were £35,300.