Northern Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-09-14 00:00:00

POLICE COURT. -YESTERDAY, .e Mr. PRESTON THE EXPLOSION ON BOARD THE GREAT EASTERN. , _ SERIOUS ASS.S.ULT_ON_TILE , PoucE.-,-John and. Charles ~...., Campbell, brothers, were charged with a violent a ssau lt Thr - cirenurstances - connected with this -- fatat - catas - - upon two police-officers. From the statement and trophe still occupy an important place in the public evidence given, it appeared that on Friday evening last mind. The nature and causes of the accident, although a man, named M'Kinley, was fighting in Vauxhall -road, pretty well understood from the c'apious description of and police-officer 4.50 went up to him and advised him the occurrence which we gave yesterday; are still not to go home. He, however, refused to do so, and became com • . pletely explained, and will not be till an official very violent. There was a great row at the time examination and report have been made in connection and while the officer was' endeavouring to pacify the crowd, John Campbell inte r f ere d, se i ze d the officer by with the sad affair. In the meantime, a -ver y co n_ siderable amount of orationinfor has been collected and the legs, and threw hi m down. Police-officer 30 came placed before the public, tst important portions of up at the time, and - was treated in a similar manner bY which were elicitedat the inquest on the bodies of the five Charles Campbell, the brother ,of .John Campbell. In-. unfortunate stokers who lost their lives on the melanch l ly the course of the struggle both the officers were knocked down, dragged along the ground, kicked, and otherwise maltreated. They sneceeded in retaining hold of M'liinlev, 'whom they secured and brought before the magistrate on Saturday, when he was committed to prison in default of paying a fine. The officers reported the case to his worship, who granted a warrant for the apprehension of the two Campbells, and they were arrested on Monday afternoon. Mr. Bluck appeared for both prisoners, and said the police in this instance were the aggressors. The Campbells had only asked the officers what they lvere taking M Ktnley - to brideVell for, when they were set upon by the officers, and they only acted in self-defence. Mr. Black also stated that they were two very respectable men, and wholly incapable - .se ing in the way described by the officers.—Mr. Preston -entertained a different opinion. They had evidently, he said, been guilty of a most outrageous and violent assault. and they must eaea pay a fine of £5, or he im prisoned for three months. They were locked up in default. MORE STABBING. — Richard Owens, a respectable looking working-man, of about forty years of age, was charged with having stabbe! police-officers 818 and 445. About two o'clock on Tuesday morning officer 658, who Was on dutyinVanihall-road, - ohserfed the prilMier act ing in a rather . extraordinary Manner; he was running about backwards and forwards. Two other police-officers, (818 and_44s) who were on duty in the neighbourhood also saw him man w )ut instead Officer 818 thought th _ tipsey and went The prisoner made a blow at his Ind he immediately felt Something, Sharp pene- occasion. According to the general account, the explo s i on mus t have been a terrific one—peculiarly so, as judged from its effects ; yet so admirable in all respects has been the construction of the mighty ship—so strong in all the requisites of her framing and build, that the hull has not suffered the slightest perceptible detriment. The light woodwork of the berths and cabins'on the lower deck, 'and the fragile decorations of the grand saloon, haye of course been entirely demolished or very much damaged, but the real solid structure of the ship has resisted the explosion as completely as if it had been but that of a pistol. The iron main-deck beams in the immediate vicinity of the spot where the explosion originated, and the massive iron work by which they ar — , nnected d the funnel .e ~ect rounc . are torn and rent like paper, showing the violence of the con clssion ; but the longitudinal and transverse bulkheads (i:a which the real strength of the vessel . consists) have resisted the shock, and confined the explosion to the compartment of the vessel in which it originated. After the arrival of the ship at Portland, a committee was formed, consisting of the chairman, the directors on board, and Captain Harrison, by whom it was immediately determined to proceed with the repair of the damage at once. A survey was immediately made, and estimates sent 14 for making good the damages, which do not exceed £5,000, of which £l,OOO will be • but, as the blame will no doubt fall heavily on those who are responsible for the melancholy occurrence, it would be unadvisable to say more at present. Two more of the unfortunate men have died, viz., Robert tratinz his skin below the ear. lie felt blood trickling "`"'"" """: -'-'`' "'" ---- down, and he called out. that he Was stabbed. Officer ' THE .INQUEST ON THE BODIES: , 445 came up, and tried to arrest the prisoner, but he On Monday morning :an inquest was held at Wey evaded the intended grasp, and also struck that officer mouth, to inquire into the cause of death of the fiv , - about the neeh:, the result being . the I same as in the fortunate men (stokers) who . were killed by t' former case. Owens- then moved off; but officer 658. hearing the noise, f him after a long ch, examined, and it Art , d in capturing . the men were [8 and 445 had .eceived f n theexylosion which occurred on Fr The inquiry, which took plaCe in the - Mr. H. Locke, jury com- the distri Weymoilth s posses atet est which th besides the jury and the off rs of th( ship, scarcely a_ dozen persons present )laded penknife was found on clotted with blood. A le of the blades 1_ from the Nor Dispensary, described the , wounds, and said they must have been indicted with a small and very sharp instrument. The prisoner was _ With the exception of half a dozen engineers, two or three persons who witnessed and felt the effects of the explosion, the medical officers of the vessel, and Mr. Leverson, the solicitor of the company, and two or three witnesses, to identify the bodies, the jury, and the legal unusual in the funnel itself, but in other engines there is not generally a water-jacket. We ascertained that the funnel was double for about forty feet in length. I had not seen the drawings for the engine. They did not come from our office. There was six-inch space between the funnel proper .and the, outer room, or jacket, all round. The diameter of the inner cylinder was six feet, and that of the outer seven feet. The explosion took place half-way down. The inner casing was found in a collapsed state, and the outer casing had burst out, the same thing having been seen in the upper half on deck. The object of this casing is to prevent cold water being fed to the boiler direct. There was an apparatus provided to prevent any excess of pressure taking place in this -eater-jacket. This apparatus consists of a stand= pipe, which stands up to nearly the level of the top of the funnel, and is connected with' the water-jacket. The stand-pipe, in fact, constitutes a safety-valve, by opening at the top as soon as the steam reaches a certain pressure. The water runs out of the top of the stand-pipe, and thus governs the pressure ' that is required inside the case. After we had seen the wreck, and taken all the information we could .get, we learnt that the feed water had been sent direct to the boiler as being the most direct course, the donkey-engine not working very well. The donkey-engine drove the pump, and had some difficulty in doing its work. The consequence was, that the donkey-engine sent the cold water direct to the boiler. Two of the donkey-engines were disabled, and it was all they could do to keep the boiler supplied'with water. That accounts for the shut ting off the circuitous route through the jacket. An explosion ought not to have ensued had the stand-pipe been in operation. Our attention was then drawn to what was in operation in the stand-pipe. There we found what might be termed a tap or plug passing through the bottom of it, capable of being turned; and we found it had been shut off, leaving no vent whatever, and the two vents being shut up was th€ immediate cause of the accident. If either of them had been in operation—that is, if the water had been supplied through the casing, or the tap had been turned, the explosion could not have happened. The steam must have gone on generating, and no one seems to know how or when that cock came to be shut. Two or three days before the ship started, something was re quired to be doing to it ; the stand-pipe was too short, and the water ran over too 60011, and it was lengthened. Up to that time, therefore, the cock must-have been opened. It is presumed that some workman must have turned the cock for some purpose of his own—forgotten to turn it back, or omitted to do so. It cannot be turned by the hand, but requires an instrument called . the spann By the Jury : There were no means of discovering By the Coroner : The tap ought always - to have re mained open; and the •cock, in point of fact, was only there for the purpose of testing the strength of the try: If the ( ght halt( onkey-engine had Itited right gone to Australia and•baek with- st3el mi out this being discovered. It , is impossible to say which of the two causes"was really the occasion of the explosion. a cork screwed into a bottle Coroner : Who was the engineer in charge at the NORTHERN DAILY TIMES. THE IRISH REVIVALS Yes . I n. evening, Mr. David Kin.% editor of the Birmingham Bi - 1 Advocate, delivered the first of two lectures in Hope Hal, on the subject of " The Irish Revivals and Penticost, points of similarity and con trast." Mr. G. Y. Tickle occupied the chair. The CHAIRMAN said that Mr. King" had agreed, in order to give the fullest information possible, to answer any pertinent questions that the audience might think fit to ask ; but with the ußderstanding that the ques tions were to be answered on the following evening. He then introduced Mr. King to the meeting., which was well attended. Mr. KING said he felt that he was not present in the character of a preacher—that he was not there for the purpose of delivering, in the usual acceptation of the word, an oration. He desired rather to testify as to what he had seen and heard. On the next evening he intended to occupy the attention of his audience by tracing back to the facts he had witnessed—the cause of these effects. He felt that he ought to tell them what he had seen; and as Pentecost had been associated with the advertisement that had brought them together, he would refer also to some of the facts connected with that great day. He would endeavour to confine himself to a statement of the transactions of one day, or nearly so. When he arrived in Belfast, 'he thought he should go to a place more remote, and he went to Lisburn, where he met with a linen manufacturer named Mr. Stewart, who had taken an interest in the movement from its com mencement. With this gentleman he visited a number of the meetings in the neighbourhood of Lisburn, where he found the people much improved, and singing with their whole hearts songs, very frequently beginning with such words as—" I love Jesus." From that town and its neighbourhood he went to Antrim, and he there found matters much in the same state as at Lisburn. One thing surprised him much, and that was, that in one particular district the movement was altogether sec tarian. He found a number of Presbyterians assembled in a large barn, but their song was very different from what he had heard at Lisburn. The words of the first four lines of the song were, as near as he could remember,— About two hundred years ago, from Scotland's goodly land, There came to Carrick's famous town, a Presbyterian band ; They nailed upon its famous walls their glorious flags of blue, And worshipped God in glorious terms, as Presbyterians do. But in other places he found the people much attached to each other; and, as in the days of the apostles, they seemed to have things in common very generally. In Belfast, though the sin Of drunkenness was not banished, still it was considerably diminished; and no person who had been brought under the conviction of sin by revival stricken cases, some of them were most discouraging. Not only did some of the people' continue in a state of helplessness for days, but for weeks ; and he feared whether these persons should ever be practically what I they were. In this he saw effects which he did not consider were in accordance with the will of God. With reference to the day of Pentecost, he believed it to be the birth of the Christian dispensation. It was a great wakening day, and he trusted the converts in Ireland would, like those on that day, go on their course rejoicing. The Rev. Mr. DAWSON thanked the lecturer, and added his testimony to the truth of his statements. THE MERCANTILE MARINE SHIP. TRAINING Our-attention has been called to a letter nddressed_to the Mayor of Bristol on the subject of tue Conway frigate, now stationed in the Mersey as a Iltercantile Marine Training Ship. " There has 'been felt amongst us of the mercantile community," observed the writer, " who may not be so well favoured to our pursuits as many others, a great want of the means whereby our children, expressing a desire for the sea, or, as it is termed; having a ' sea mania' may be trained to nautical matters, and not lose the advantage of a sound English and religious education. That want in Liverpool has, I consider, been supplied by the Mercantile Marine Asso ciation of that port, and I for one take leave thus to express my deep obligation to them for being the pioneers in the laudable endeavour to make gentlemene, sons first-rate seamen, without the loss of that general in struction so vitally necessary for the fulfilment of all religious and moral duties—so necessary also, I will add, to the well-being of our mercantile marine, and, indeed, of our navy." He then proceeds with a statement of the whole case of this provision for the mercantile ma rine, which we give at length, as likely to be most acceptable to a large proportion of our readers : The Liverpool Association has established a Marine School for the sons of such gentlemen as, with moderate means, have not the power to place them in the navy, or to pay high premiums to those ship-owners who make it a part of their system to receive youths in their ships to' be trained for the service. The government has placed at their disposal the Conway, a frigate of 26 guns, which is moored in the Mersey, and on board which the boys are received at the moderate charge of thirty pounds per annum. • For this they are regularly and carefully instructed and trained in all the duties of a first-class ship, and in the practical use of nautical instruments. The ordinary branches of a sound English education are likewise kept up, and, when suitable, and the lads are prepared for them, French, the mathematical instruc tion necessary for the proper knowledge of the prin ciples of navigation, nautical astronomy, and the theory and practice of marine surveying, are properly taught. I believe that fourteen is the age beyond which a boy cannot enter the navy—an age at which many boys (who will not, or perhaps cannot, apply to the attainment of such knowledge, seek for emancipation from school discipline by " wishing to go to sea." Now, the diffi culty with gentlemen of moderate means has hitherto been, how to accompltsh this . without degrading the child. I will speak of my own case, of which I have no cause to be ashamed, while I have a hearty desire to benefit my fellow-citizens and others who maybe similarly placed. My child wishes to go to sea, I cannot afford the expense of the navy. The 'next thing is a cadetship on board a Merchant ship : a high premium is asked, and, in addi tion, a sum for the voyage for •a - mess' with the other cadets (equal I ; know, from ,exp er i ence , t o £ 25. ) This uu-wi iuree years, ana then no berth—the nth& ber is full, &c: The time spent and the money paid have produced a sailor equal, it may be, to all the work of a first-class ship ; but has the mind been improved '. time ? Have the rudiments of education received years of the boy's I;f^ r it up or ,Ted ? What is your ellild'at the end of p his ap prentleeship, after the payment of large sums of inonev of the trade brought to our city by ships. though last not least, I address myself to that community who would wish to see the, sea-service one where in the Christian religion should be the first second, - and third requisite. I call upon all, throuP you, Mr.. Mayor, to think most seriously of this niattql, and let us take a leaf out of the Liverpool book, D., establishing such a Mercantile Marine Association shall be second to none in the furtherance of these grist objects, the training of our youth to the sea-serve': England's most noble profession, and to which she l e d : her greatness , so that lads may start cared for, nurtari and taught to act their part upon the sea . insteau entering on the rough course of a sea life wit h° knowledge and understanding. but I fear.l' have well tired your Worship's patience,," is Anredligitiloetisil I trust the object will plead my excuse ; and as thf intended for publication, I may not close it w itu° l , congratulating the Liverpool Association on the e:c t e " e i t lent selection they have made in the commander of too school frigate—a gentleman eminent in the West 111 0 Royal Mail service, and more recently in that best kilo of as Allan's line, and whose devotion to the eau', e to training- youths for the service has induced 11 „,1 undertake a most responsible and arduous task. - este „-. kind courtesy I am deeply indebted, and would eltiLif to him my grateful thanks ; as also to the association 17111, for the means afforded me of procuring for one of inY,coico dren an opportunity of obtaining the profession of his e,L ire without losing his material education. I also ' re . to tender my grateful acknowledgments to their see to tart' for his' prompt and obliging manner in rePlY ili g a ud their i troublesome communications. toHim to whom hearts all commend are t them li e fl and remain, Mr. Mayor, your worship's most ob e and most humble servant Wm. CLOT I °: o f P.S.—I should state that the Conway is caPu' t hey receiving 150 boys ; that on the Ist of Augus t four,started with five ; that they now • number thirtY - eo g, and the daily inquiries by clergymen, barristers, surf co o and other professional men, i s so grea t, th e y exPet ( lsY to fill up. The boys have half-holidays on Weur, at and Saturday, when they go o n s hO re and Pi cricket, &c., and they are also tauzht to swim. • INTERNATIONAL TRADE (From the United States' Economist) . In the laSt twenty years the most remarkable In s i tu has been in the international exports of the t he States and Great Britain, as well as with mo st l ot countries ; bUt the resources and wealth of Fran° t o: apparently been developed in a more rapid ratio n most other countries under the empire. The esV at if Great Britain and the U n it e d s tates. as the mos t " commercial countries, exhibit a mercial intercourse. Enzland to iany years born of the system whi t..y It c under that r ages, was supposed to prosp( other nations, and was called the protective sys the offspring of that principle laid down by Lord and long followed by sta 1111-11,Ittl, 11 U 41,1 ., he same thing as stre,n, 0 onu vuuuLLy. tv hamper industry was supposed to be the readied w o of making the one more productive and the other,, SEPTEMBER 14, 1839• commi CHARGE OF CONSPIRACY TO DEFRAUD.—Thomas Mottershead, late a clerk in the employ of the Select Vestry, was charged with having conspired, with: some person or persona unknown, to defraud the Select Vestry of Liverpool of the sum of £29 15s. from the_ office in Brownlow 7 hill, appearec Mr. Conway From his statement, whi to prosecute. low; and full of details it appeared that the prisoner - was in th Vestry as a book-keeper employment Of the Selc and that his principal d workhouse with goods. In this journal the accounts which had been passed by the Workhouse Committee, -or ought to be—regularly entered. Before such Vestry-clerk, and had also to be initiated by the chair man. The book was submitted to the Finance Com mittee on the Friday. The chairman had the ori g inal accounts before him, and one . of the members had the book. As each account was read, the chairman initiated it, andthe member having the book, ticked it off. These were submitted to the general meeting of the Select Vestry, and they passed a resolution that such accounts should at once be paid. It was the duty of the prisoner to make out re-. ceipts for the whole of these accounts, omitting, of course, the signature. Once a month the accounts that were passed were paid. The tradesmen came to the prisoner. He saw that the individual applying was the proper party, and the receipt was signed. The holder of 'this receipt took it to the vestry clerk, and - en handing it to him he received a cheque for the amount. On the 14th of July last, a cheque for £29 155.; purporting . to be in liquidation of an account to that amount in favour of Mr. Hope, tea dealer, Stanley-street, was paid by the vestry clerk. Some time after this the prisoner was suspended, and afterwards dismissed from the employment. A week or two ago, Mr. Hope applied for payment of £8 103., which hi 4 said was due to him. On looking at the receipt, it was iu - ar.. , . 1 that this £8 10s. was included in the cheque for £29 1.55. Mr. Hope denied receiving it, and said he only watitel. £8 10s., and not £29 15s. He had, two months previously, been paid £2l 55., and did not want it again. An examina tion was made, and it was discovered that the prisoner had, -after the book was scrutinised by the committee, erased some name, and inserted that of Mr. Hope for the sum of £2l ss. The inference was, that he had conspired with some party for the purpose of defrauding the Vestry, as the cheque had been delivered and had been cashed. The prisoner ought to have seen that the receipt was in the hands of the proper party. Mr. Haggart proved the delivery of the chelue to some party ;• and the clerk of Mr. Hope said that it had never reached them. Mr. Greenal, from Heywoods' Bank, proved the payment of the cheque on the 15th of July, one day after its delivery. The prisoner was committed for trial. [Before Messrs. STEWART and CASTELLAIN.I ASSAULT ON THE POLICE BY A BEERSELTERT-- j ThOS. Aston, a beerseller, in M ary b one, was summoned for assaulting Police-officer 82. It appeared from the evidence that the complainant went, in company with officer 276, to visit the house of the defendant on Sunday, the 4th inst., at half-past twelve o'clock. They were both dressed in plain clothes, and when they knocked at the door, and were answered by Mrs. Aston, they stated that they were police-officers. They were kept standing outside for a longtime , where there were twenty or thirty men. When they got inside, they found a large pool . of water, and jugs and glasses thrown down, some of which were broken. They tried to search the house, and the com plainant was going down into the ale-cellar when the defendant took hold of him by the collar, and shook him violently. A fine of 40s. and costs was inflicted. SABBATH DESECRATION.—A bill-poster, named Henry Burchell, residing at 43, Prince's- s t ree t, was summoned by officer 53, for posting bills on Sunday mornin i ,o. last, at half-past eight o'clock, in Sh aw ' s -b row . The bills.related to the Warwick races, and consequently their posting was not a work of necessity. He was fined ss. Thomas Dockwray, beerseller, Dalrymple-street, was fined 10s. and costs for using obscene language in the presence of a police-officer who visited his house. SEAMAN'S WAGES CASE.—Mr. Cobb appeared on behalf of Samuel Howell, who claimed £6 13s. Bd. from Captain Munro, of the ship Maria, on account of services rendered as an ordinary seaman on board that vessel, on he r voyage f rom C a l cutta to Li verpoo l . T he captain said the man had been incapable of performing his duties, and in consequence he refused to pay him more than los. per month, instead of £1 15s. which he had shipped for. A n a bl e seaman who had been on the watch withtie plaintiff, said Howell had done his duty, except when he was sick. The magistrates ordered the captain to pay the full amount claimed, with costs. IRISH MOORS. —Amongst the many changes which have taken place in Ireland, none is more remarkable than in the increasing quantity of game on some of its mountains and bogs. A few years since, the sportsm an who bagged half-a-dozen brace of grouse on the 20th August was deemed very successful. We have heard of very large bags being made on the last 20th ; and the numbers of this fine bird killed in some parts of Ireland, where attention has been given to its preservation from vermin, dogs, and poachers, can scarcely be exceeded by Scotland itself. On one moor, Cappabawn, in the county of Clare, Mr. Charles Wallnut and party shot 236 brace of grouse in five days ; and, on an ad'oining mountain, belonging to M r . R ea d e , o f th e W oo d Parks, 90 brace were killed by a sm a ll p ar ty, on ly go i ng ou t i n the after noonoffour days. O n M r . M a l ony ' s , o f Bilt anore , a lso, considerable bags were made. These results of a few - Years' preservation should induce other proprietors to adopt som e steps for the preservation of their moors, and thus another source of pleasure o r o f pro fi t wou ld b e obtained, the Scottish moors bringing a large rental for their g„r-ae alone , utterly unknown and neg l ec t e d i n Ireland. officers, probably not half a dozen were present.. After the jury had viewed the bodies, the first witness called James Briscoe, the junior engineer of the paddle _ department, who deposed as follows :—lt is my duty to attend to the (F-^^"--- in charge of the paddle engines on duty, and to render any assistance I could. I have been told not to meddle with or make myself responsible for any of the cocks or valves. The duty assigned to me on the morn ing of the explosion was to attend to the boilers and keep up a proper supply of water in them. The donkey engine which pumped the water into the boiler was out of order, and did not perform its dutyr,atisfactorily;and all day to keep it doing its wok. That was on the starboard side of the ship. The donkey-engine on the port side of the ship in the forward stoke-hole had broken down. About a minute before the explosion, Mr. M‘Lennan the chief engineer of the ship, came down and looked at the saturation of the water in the boiler, and said, on leaving, that everything seemed right. Ile again cautioned me not to meddle with any of the cocks or valves, unless I was told to do so by the engineer in charge of the paddle-engine department. Mr. ll'Lennan left the place, and I resumed my position by the donkey-engine. Shortly afterwards the explosion took place, and it filled the stoke-hole with hot air and ;team. I came up the stoke-hole ladder, and on reaching the lower deck heard the stokers calling out for assist ance. Three of them had reached the lower deck, and I led the way from thence to the lower saloon, and obtained aFsistance to get ,the men on deck. After wards, I went below to have my wounds dressed. I noticed, while! on the lower deck, that the immediate and outer casing of the funnels had been burst assunder, and that the whole of the cabins on the lower saloon were destroyed by the bursting of the water-heater round the forward funnel. Mr. Brereton : I can't say that there was any en gineer in charge of that cock. Mr. Dixon .was the engineer who was responsible for the action of the pad dle-engines. It was impossible for anybody to know the internal construction of the casing.),, l .lt did not cur to anybady to ascertain that the cock was open before starting By Mr. Lei erson : If once finished and boxed up, it would have been no one's duty to look to it—it would was open By the Coroner : Supposing you were engaged as engineer, would you, before starting, think it necessary to examine every part of the machinery ? _ _ Witness It would not have oceurr . ed to me . to look to this. It was like locking a door, and when once finished I should not have looked at it. 'lt would be boxed up regularly. It is impossible it could be closed by the accident; and, indeed, if it had been open, it is impossible that the accident could have , taken place. At the conclusion of Mr. Brereton's evidence, the jury proceeded to Portland Bay to view the ship . , which is lying inside the breakwater, and the , inquiry was afterwards adjourned until Saturday next. The meeting then separated SHIPWRECKS AND LOSS OF LIFE - A very severe hurricane commenced on our coast early on Friday morning, the wind being from the south-west,, which placed all the fleet of fishing boats for the time being in great jeopardy, and has unfortunately been attended with the loss of one boat- and all its crew, and the wreck of three vessels. The whole fleet of herring boats were out when the gale commenced. Some of them immediately made for the shore, and thus secured as much water in the harbour as to float them in ; but the great majority remained out till the tide began to flow again, and during that time great fears were entertained ,of their getting safely ashore. The sea at this time (about nine o'clock) ran very high, and presented one dense mass of white foam. Until'sufficient water was in the harbour, the boats remained . at anchor outside, with sails struck ; and when the tide rose, it was with the greatest difficulty they managed •to enter the harbour. About twelve o'clock, they had all got inside the har bour without much damage. One boat,- however, be.: longing to Pittenweem, of which James Young was syipper,..while off Caiplie farm, swamped and imme- didtely filled with water, pitching its inmates into the raging sea. The catastrophe was witnessed by some of tee:other boats at a distance; but owing to the tempest uous rolling of the sea, no assistance could be rendered, and the unfortunate crew, six men and a boy, met with a watery grave. Some Serious disasters to shipping occurred at the same time at Crail, where a schooner, in attempting to get into the harbour, was driven up against the parapet wall, and ultimately drifted ashore at the Castle Rocks. A brig was also driven ashore at Kilmining, and is likely become a wreck. Another schoone r , the Com modore, of Montrose, shared the same fate at Fifeness. Fortunately, there was .no loss of life in any of these disasters.—Fife Record. THE PRESS IN RUSSIA The Journal de St. Petersbourg publishes the following article : Since a greater latitude has been granted in Russia to the expression of opinion, the Russian press has taken its place in Europe as a new eleine!).t in the dohnain of general publicity. - The Russian journals are read, quoted, and com mented upon abroad ; man seek in them' or a manifes tation of a public opinion which hitherto-had few occa sions of producing itself. _ , There'is, however, a certain hesitation'visible in the organs of the foreign press as regards the real signifi cance of that voice which they had not been accustomed to hear. They do not know exactly how to appreciate what weight ought to be attached to it. Examined by Mr. Leverson : I remembered Mr M'Lennan calling the engineers and stokers together, on Tuesday last ; Mr. M'Lennan told me not to meddle with the engines or boilers, but to obey the order of the engineer in charge of the paddle depart ment. The efigira; "'ere in Mr. Scott Russell's hands, and he had supplied the engiliCeri3 to work them. Mr. Dickson, Mr. Scott Russell's foreman, a;strmetl the control for the paddle-wheel department. The explo sion was confined to the funnel-casing, which was used to heat the water before passing into the boilers, and also for keeping the saloon cool. At the time of the explo sion the boilers were not being fed from the casing, as was evident from the low temperature of the water going into them. If there had been a constant supply of water passing through the casing and flowing into the boiler, the accident could not have happened; and there are also two stand-pipes to the water-casing, which, if left open, would have prevented it. I saved myself from being scalded to death by throwing myself down in the stoke hole, and covering my face with my hands. Mr. T. Slater, surgeon to the Great Eastern, proved the cause of death in all the five cases to have been the great shock to the whole system, and general collapse in consequence of severe scalding, re-action never taking place. The names of those dead are John Boyd, Michael Mackleboy, Michael Mahone, Robert . Adams, and John Edwards. Dr. Watson corroborated the evidence of Mr. Slater. Mr. R. P. Brereton was then called and examined. He said : I am chief of Mr. Brunel's engineering staff. Mr. Brunel intended accompanying the ship, but being taken ill and unable to leave his bed, I accompanied the ship in his behalf. The first day we got to Purfleet, and the second day to the Nore. We left the Nore on Friday morning, and about six o'clock in the afternoon FATAL COACH ACCIDENTS.-011 Thursday, two we were off Dungeness. At that time I had just stepped coach accidents of an alarming description, and nearly up from the dining saloon and walked forward. I met similar in character, occurred within a few miles of Edin the solicitor of the company and his wife, and returned burgh, one of them being attended with fatal results. back with them. A second or two afterwards I heard While the Musselburgh coach was on its way out, in an explosion forward. I was opposite the paddle-boxes passing Joppa Saltpans, one of the wheels came off, and immediately turned round, and I saw the foremost causing the vehicle to upset, in consequence of which funnel heave up from the deck—it leaped up as it were the outside passengers were thrown upon thb road with above the deck, and a shower of splinters and broken great violence, and one of them—a boy named Grant, plate-glass began falling all around. I hurried the who was, along with his father and mother, on the top lady aft, assured her there was no danger, and told her of the coach—was killed ou the spot. Several of the to hold her head down so that the splinters might other outside passengers were severely injured, and the not fall in her face. I then immediately went inside passengers were also much shaken. When the forward to see what was the matter. I found the first coach from Edinburgh to Dalkeith was on its way funnel lying on the deck, broken in two parts. On out on Thurday, and when within about half a mile of looking down the hole, out of which steam and smoke Dalkeith, a wheel came off, in consequence of which were escaping, I heard men crying out " help," and several passengers were thrown from the top; and one of " water." A good many of the passengers and crew them— a man named Newton, belonging to Ratho— were round there. The fire-hose was immediately laid was severely injured.— Witness. on, in case there should be any fire below, and to supply RESCUE OF A SHIP'S CREW.—WICK, Sept. B.—The the water that the men' down below were calling out for. crew of the Huntress, schooner, which had shipped a As soon as the steam had cleared away a little, the cap- cargo of herrings in this harbour, were rescued by the tain and several of the crew went down with ropes new lifeboat, on-Tuesday last. The vessel was out in round them, and began to bring up the wounded. As the bay on • Monday, when it began to blow strongly soon as it was ascertained that there was no fire on from the north-east. She was warned to proceed to board, the people were reassured, and the ship proceeded sea. Her crew did not consider , it necessary to do so, on her course, never having in fact stopped at all. As but chose to ride out a ll ni g h t . On Tuesday morning, soon as'the confusion was over, I went and examined the the gale continuing, they hoisted a signal of distress, broken funnellying on deck. On the following morning it when the lifeboat stationed at Salmon Rock was imme was decided by the Chairman o f the company that he diately prepared and put to sea, fully manned, there and several of the engi neers on board should examine being fifteen of the crew, with Captain Tudor, R.N. at the place where the explosion took place, so as to form the helm. The crew of the schooner, to the number of some judgment as to the cause of the explosion. Mr. seven, with the master, were taken off, and th e b oa t M'Connell, locomotive eng i neer of the North Western safely returned to shore. In doing so, some heavy Railway (a passenger), Mr. Scott Russell, Mr. Smith, seas struck the lifeboat in rapid succession, pl ac i ng h er the inventor of the screw propell er , and Mr. Smith, an for a short time in great peril. She, however behaved engineer and director of the A r ti zan , eng i neering admirably, the self-act i ng va l ves relieving her of the newspaper, and Mr. Bate, the representative of the firm heavy seas that broke into her; and she ultimately of Bolton and Watts, in the screw engineers' department, succeeded in entering the harbour, amidst the cheering were the gentlemen who made the examination. We of hundreds of spectators who had congregated on the had an opportunity of seeing the construction of the qu a y s . Th e wea ther having moderated, and the crew funnel and its water - casing, which we could not have having been again put on board, the vessel proceeded seen if the accident had not happened, because the on her voyage. This valuable lifeboat is on the plan covering round the funnel was blown away by the ex- of those adopted by the Royal National Lifeboat Insti nlogion. The main funnel was exposed, because all the tution, was liberally provided and thoroughly equipped, round was blown away. There was nothing for Wick, by the British Fishery Society. Thus, it journal published at Brussels is looked upon as an organ of the Russian Government, for the sole reason that it was foanded by private Russian capital. Again, the daily papers or periodicals - published in Russia are supposed to be more or less inspired by the Imperial Government, upon the sole ground that they are subjected to a preliminary censorship. Such an appreciation is neither correct nor just. We shall en deavour, once for all, to retify it. It is evident that by granting a broader field to the Russian press, the government Mean to withdraw its own responsibility, except the obligations which emanate from the social and international principles respected by all civil ised States. The preliminary censorship to which the news papers are subjected has no other object. The mission of the censors consist in seeing that nothing shall appear in print contrary to religion, morality, an social order, or contrary to the consideration due to Sovereigns and Governments. Moreover, any honest opinion may be published in Russia ; and the Russian press, authorised to discuss internal matters in a fair measure, enjoys the same privilege as regards foreign political questions. We therefore think it our duty to give a formal denial to any assertion tending to misrepresent the position of the press towards the Government. We are authorised to declare in the most categorical manner that the Rus sian journals, or those supposed to be such, do not re present anything else but their own opinions ; that the Government is not in a position either to approve or disapprove them, still far less to accept the responsibility under any form whatsoever. boardir DETECTION OF A SWINDLER, At the Bradford Borough Court, on Monday, a man, who gave the name of Wm. Henry Douglas, who is about middle size, respectably dressed, with a brown moustache, hazel eyes, ginger whiskers, and brown hair, was charged with having committed several impostures in this country and in Ireland, and particularly at the barracks, Bradford, last week. On Tuesday, the pri soner had gone to the barracks, and represented himself to be William Henry Douglas, quarter-master of the 60th Rifles, on furlough ; and, as is customary, he was taken in by the mess caterer, Sergeant Berry, and lived at mess till Thursday, and drank at the canteen. On Wednesday, however, he was introduced by Berry to Mr. Ambrose Scully„ ironmonger, Westgate. He after wards returned to Mr. Scully alone, borrowed from him first 55., and then a half-sovereign, on pretence of - having, in compliance with a command which he had then got from Liverpool, to return to his regiment, and was short of eash. When in the barracks, he was re cognised by Sergeant Thorpe as having in Carlow, in November, 1855, when he gave his name as Henry P. Hollings, swindled him of two half-crowns, and 3s. 2d., besides his support in the barracks, then representing himself as a non-commissioned officer in the Royal Mid dlesex Militia. Quarter-Master Sergeant Sullivan also saw him in the barracks here, and remembered his having calling at the barracks at Naas, representing himself as Quarter-Master H enr y P. Walsh, short of money, and of the South Gloucestershire Militia. Ile got ss. from Sullivan to take him to Dublin. He has been heard of in various other places thus living upon his wits. A paragraph which appeared in some of the local newspapers concerning him, on Saturday, aroused the suspicion of Barrack Sergeant Wellington B ar t on , o f Leeds, who appeared in the court, and identified him as the man who obtained a sovereign from him at the Leeds Barracks, on Tuesday. He then gave the name of Henry W. Douglas; said he had been to Huntley, in Scotland, to see an old aunt, and from whom he had high expectations; and that, moreover, Lord Melville had promised to obtain him a barrack sergeantcy, but unfortunately he had lost his carpet-bag and contexts coming from Scotland, and could not, for want of money, get to Liverpool, where he was employed in the paymaster's-office, and kept a small shop. He also said he knew, and actually named, several of Barton's friends now in Corfu, and altogether told so plausible a tale, that Barton lent him a sove reign. The prisoner was evidently acquainted with courts of justice, and cross-examined the witnesses with the utmost self-possession. The bench resolved not to adjudicate upon the case, but to send the prisoner to Leeds, where others may identify him. From letters found upon him, it is certain that he has long been carrying on his swindling practices. INTERNAL FORTIFICATIONS OF FRANCE.—The Post's Paris correspondent says :--" Fortification of different French towns is the order of the day. Lille and Bourges are under the hands of the engineer, and Valenciennes BOOR also will be. Indications of a more warlike spirit are afloat." THE HIGHLAND MOORS AND FORESTS.—From the moors reports are but meagre, all parties being satisfied after the first flush of the season to shoot no more than requisite for friends and supplies for the table. Now that the stags' heads have thrown off the velvet cover ing, deer-stalking has become the favourite sport ; and as the herds separate into groups, the fattest stags and largest antlers are more easily singled out A corres pondent informs us that a wounded stag was seen lately in a spot at the head of Strathconnon. The animal had been shot by some sportsman in one of his hind legs. A shepherd's wife, while in a field lifting potatoes, seeing the stag, went in pursuit of him, and, with the aid of a collie dog, succeeded in securing the prize.— _Tuve/nem Courier. the experience can best answer these questions. I will next suppose the case of one who, although in a most respectable class of life (whilst life is allowed), has net more than enough to maintain his polition. He wishes his child to be trained; he cannot pay the heavy premiums required, and he seeks a ship where the mas ter will take his child a voyage. He pays so much for that voyage, and he finds his son on his return under standing the practical part of navigation, but havin,g neglected the little knowledge he attained at the classi cal school at which he had been placed, his mind has altogether retrograded, and, he becomes the mere seaman. It may be said I am drawing the picture untruthfully, but I speak of that I meow. ascendancy of England, those laws had little effe ct ' tbe cause England - was almost with Out a rival either ere seas or in manufacturincrindustryhe prospered,t,9l6, fore, in spite of them ; but when, with the peace of ', j ot' the United States appeared on the ocean as power,. and Europe had turned her bayonets ini °p olo lung jennies and her caiesons into looms—it was„ e ° o l ,e that those old laws had, from being inoffensive, " I ,`" - ,hea , obstacles. The navigation laws were once ab c , ° "; 0 6 , and the old protection laws fell rapidly,- one ar te ; other. The inhibition to export wool was removeutorteil soon that to export machinery and taxes on il :1 j tile, articles fell one after the other, without produc,? l ,oe o desired offect, until, in 1842 ; Sir Robert Peel 01 0 ' de, with the old system Since then England lo s t ore rapid strides; and France, under the Empire, bag e n into the same way. The exports of England and the United States has progressed as follows, reduced to dollars : - Great Britain. United SW, Increase Now, I consider the establishment o f w hi c h I h ave spoken as the remedy for all this. My attention was first drawn to the school-frigate Conway by reading an account of the intention of the- Mercantile Marine Association of Liverpool to establish such an institution. I made inquiries, and I was deterred by the opinion of nautical friends, on whose judgment I relied, and who said that the children so to be educated would be the children of the "men," and not of gentlemen. I learned also that the Bristol General Steam, Navigation Com pany were about to take apprentices--a step surely in the right direction, and I patiently waited, several times inquiring of one of its directors if such a course would be adopted, and determined to embrace it for my son. Time at length became_an object, and I inquired for myself. I went to Liverpool, I was most kindly and courteously re ceived. The commander of the Conway in the most friendly manner, from his high opinion of my brother, invited me to sleep on board the ship, thus giving me the opportunity of witnessing the . proceedings. From the beginning to the end of my visit, I. was extremely pleased. The entire business of the ship was performed by the boys; and when done, games of single-stick, &c., were played, the commander joining. Then followed Bible-reading and family prayers, devoutly joined in by all. The same devotions in the morning ; a first-rate schoolmaster for one-half the boys, from ten until twelve, the other half being engaged in-the duties of the ship, and they take their turn in the afternoon, from two until four. The schools of Practical Art and Science are pre paring all kinds of models for ship-building and rigging, and of marine steam-engines, with the use and applica tion of which the boys will be instructed in the winter 1842... $229,324,641 ... $92,969,996 3 916 1852... 377,891,863 $148,527,822 ... 192,368,984 ""W, 1856... 1858 5 5 64 60 :5 5 4 96 2:4 2 4 41 1. 18 3 2 :9 7 4 04 6:2 3 0 7 0 8 These figures give a prodigious development 01 ' or ig. and indicate the movements of the commercial tiod Since England is the great depit for raw raat eri3l :o" produce for the commercial world, her, a nl P l ,i e the houses receive the surplus of all nations; 931— ,;,0°` 293,758,2 2931586330 118 :„ s ciel are derived the suppliescfor industrof most na":„atr Europe. The United States have exported food, -„as rials, and gold in liberal measure, which have foe market in the rapidly developing prosperity t los continent and of England. The great intere lo34s c i tb i ' 4 been between England and the United States, an natural intercourse has progressed as follows : EXPORTS England to United States. 1842. 1852. 1856. 18 V'0 $17,117,219 $79,116,289 $106,083,112 $67, 82 ' 9 United States to England. $38,234,511 $110,803,055 $160,741,372 $1.56,09,2°Dri• Thus the export of the United States to G re3t olt ell tain have been largely in excess of the quan tities ich itt from her. These exorts have embraced gold, /v a ll t icti eil the last ten years has become a staple mining P re lyitit and export Of the United States. The figures fo r sir exports do not include gold, as a matter of coursee, 000 they represent only British productions. For 01 , g old , reason the United States exports do represen;acca which is a United States production. The fa ti t. r, lar mulated in London to American credit by excess of exports is drawn against from all 9. 1 , 121 " - The s ` payment of goods imported from other countries'f ac tiv e loins draw gold rapidly from London in year s %ye t° imports into the United States—more particularq.lb bar of short harvests in England. When the EaP t i t i s e 1 )11 :; vests are short, she is required to remit gold ill,',„erte'" chase of food, and in those years the sales of j" - i. breadstuffs become aetive ; they stimulate la r g e od chases of goods, wines, and silks of France, B : :e ,''f o - r these purchases, the bills running on Englatla meat swell the amount of gold drawn from h e ' r eo s ' English trade with the north of Europe Ira not de tb e in the same proportion as the United States tr ade same direction—as follows : evenings I ani now speaking of a school which has been opened only since the Ist of August, and is in fact in its infancy. The number of boys already amounts to thirty-four, and they are sons of clergymen, - barristers, surgeons, mer chants, and high class tradesmen. In conversing with the boys I found them very happy, or expressing themselves so, and of the most cheerful character. In short, I left my son amongst them, feeling assured that it was a step in the'right direction, and I have had pleasure in hearing that a worthy fellow-citizen, a highly respected merchant of our city, has done the same. And now, Mr. Mayor, if you have had the patience to read thus far, you will ask me at what am I aiming? It is this: I have a hope that, by making such an insti tution known through your influential means, a similar one might spring up in Bristol. It would be one of the noblestopportumties for our wealthymerchants and ship owners to assist a class of society anxious to brin g u p some EXPORTS. of their sons in one of the finest professions which a me r - England to North of Europe. 18 56. 1842. 1852. 1856. doll'oB cantile nation can boast of; and yet unable to do so, either dols. dols. dols. ,q 5 Os , from inability to pay large premiums, or from fear of 93,011,012 102 591,207 170,451 021 .--' a United States to North of Europe. i 5 31,1"" ay degradation. It would, at the same time, be assisting the 27,556,653 39,370,307 68,637,310 6 " .. t aes good government of our country in all times, by furnish ing a mercantile marine which should be the glory of the The increase of England's exports have be, e '',lts a go to her own colonies, more particularly to Alls' nu allY". o world. The government have placed the Conway, frigate New Zealand. The course of trade seems 31j a laet i t ,, at the disposal of the Mercantile Marine Association become more clearly marked as between the P r- ro cla,e te a of manufactured articles and raw and tropill i f e Ilai er , of Liverpool, and would be sure to grant a similar boon, The largest portion of the increased exports et rt `' s of ° t i l e at9nxßieritsytokr i the pliedu ee s t s o 0 . f t T h he scheme , il e also appointing wn a r i e n a -C States are food, cotton, and gold. The U4 ° , 5 001 0 0 spectors to examine the boys from time to time ; and i•.; chandise from Europe and England are ne e `j i ly si j o ls products of their industry; which are the ° To ter et is whichb believed etvheed you the y th w s i w ll h g r e ant sh a l ltw obtaino o r them,m or e would exhibitions h e ta , k b e y n with which they can pay. We have a surplus c,.` v . sal, i o into the naval service. Kingroad would be the -place of manufacture, of food, and of gold. If we t ' e b e hs' i be for such a vessel to be moored ; and when the proper either of these articles, clearly the pay gnus are seteniess time arrived, occasional trips to sea would be made, as other commodities ; and manufactured ge ° " e ed the commander of the Conway informed me he intended only medium in which England can Pl i ' s steN t e to do in the next summer. intercourse between the two countries , , 3 , 0 4 Caa there, then, be a bigher object than that I have en- altogether, we must take pay ill manufacturore, receithe deavoured, but I fear inadequately, to describe, for our mer cantile men in this city to come forward and assist in pro- the greater will be the amount of our sale s * ',job l o ve more liberal the terms on which these goods 3 it is eet a moting. How many parents are there here who, under custom to ascribe the periodical revulsions Wt .0 o f similar circumstances with myself, would be glad to avail themselves of such an institution at home ?If 'such had to "over imports,"—by which is meant, th'.., ra cee 4 P 4 - imported goods to an amount greater than the t Y , as 0 , c o u re a existed in Bristol, I should not of course have gone to Liver pool, the expense of the journeys to and fro adding mate- the articles exported will discharge ;and t ha i s red f a ll attention of all men interested in the mercantile marine of rially to the annual cost.' Let me, then, seriously call the sequence, the volume of the currency. he r i e y i n g s ve t, by the too extended export of coin, ln . v e . s mic e , of our port to the circumstances I have stated. I would not the cause of the evil. The revulsions D e d er, in g call upon the great firms, who are the pioneers of this the fact that the goods ' are sold on exte the lea d, in prices and great mercantile losses. Tho °l t , evt 01 0 , our city in the Australian trade, whose principal is the which depends upon a thousand hazards, se a re D o President of the Sailors' Home, and who is ever ready, one being the chance of the crops. If t he „ e l, ao'rro as evidenced by the noble acts of his whole family, to the goods are not paid for. If they are g' s - ot e. ~u s e come forward in support of everything that shall be for no t find vent abroad, the results are thg bu y b e C i t a the benefit of the trade and commerce of our port. I assume that persons who buy on credit, and if the ii . h ile would call upon the great company, of which you, Mr. they get credit, will take less on such terms l t l 3 - e of long credits are the means of extended Mayor, are a member, and to which our city is indebted is sor 10 per cent. higher, is simply for the steady perseverance by which, from small begin ings, they have maintained the steam navigation of our duty, however high, would affect the extent port, until it has been brought to a perfection of which we the value of a dollar. ia. the ex may indeed be allowed to boast. I would call upon . _ + ne, in Ai r Forta ess cellent chairman of your committee, who is never tired CULTURE OF THE TEA PLANT.— , ..r. ~; s sil o host 'd what a nobl lett t th Constitution, says ."; ds bis n o of going about mid d.oing good, to ?onsi el• . phis _er o . e Washington far eve the field I present to him for the exercise of his sincere cultivating the tea plant in America th at WY' at excellent man, Mt . Robert sanguine He also statesra its oa lanthropy. I would look to th . expectations.„d 0 , Bright, whose name alone is a talisman of hope to all plantations in Upper India are succeeding a • t Nilo' csel l AT Et' l ' t 1 311. 111 mercantile men here. To the splendid firms of Thomas GRAND MILITARY REVIEW . R ifl es , a Lei do and Son and the Messrs. Kings', possessing as they Saturday forenoon the 'West Yorkshire Artillery, frir'L ll th e do an inam • ense mercantile fleet ;to the MesSrs. Baillies', stationed in the Castle , the Royal Ar . B rroe''' the who have ever been amongst the foremost in the promo- Fort, and the Lancers, from Piershill 3 11110: 5 0 s Royal i li g k Pl ac tion of mercantile objects ; to our vast shipowners and reviewed in Belville Park, by his Royal. toe s ` vex shipbuilders, too numerous to mention, but who are ever Prince of Wales, A sham battle afterwardso,. t spectator ready to come forward for' our city's good ; and to our on the neighbouring hill. A number bankers, whos2 wealth is .„1 ~ -- - 0- and the --' sales, n of o osaics to .off` ~" t ~ g.. llure:neu Ac affair W AR, AEI Al t] t1:1 x