The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-03-24 00:00:00

March 24, 1846. Eon! anb Vrabintial grIDS. The Liverpool and Harrington Water Works bill was ?read is second time in the House of Commons on Friday. On Friday, three persons were fined by Mr. Rushton 10s. and costs each, for smoking in and near warehouses. Many of the wo r k men a t Bi r k en h ea d h ave resume d Work at the wages offered by their employers. „. Christopher B u ll en , E sq., o f t hi s town, h as b u ilt a 'autism:l3e school on his estate near Ruthin. The Brown , Esq., of an estate M orthumberland, has no , foundation. The University of Glasgow has conferred the degree of LL.D. on B. Hodgson, Esq., Principal of the verPool Mechanics' Institution. On Friday, a child four years old was left in a cellar in Ger ard -street by its mother, who had gone out to work, W hen, by some means, it was burnt to death. On Tuesday, Jabez Steele, provision dealer, Manches ter, Was convicted in £5 and costs, for defrauding the gas PanV of that town by p er f ora ti ng the m e ter s o th a t it would not register the gas. Mr. Thomas Rowlandson, the intelligent secretary to the Liverpool Licensed Victuallers' Society, has been 'awarded a prize of £5O by the Royal Agricultural Society, for the best essay on the farming of North Wales. BRINDLE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL.—OR WedDeS cay at Chorley, ten persons, we learn, were bound over t° keep the p eace towar d s M r. E astwoo d , f or h av i ng mo d him in the chapel the Sunday but one previous. The Rev. Henry Carpenter attended a Church Mis sionary Meeting at Bolton, on Wednesday, as a deputa tion from the parent society, and delivered an excellent address. William Williamson, formerly of the constabulary force Of this town, and who was committed to trial for an as sauCeuupon Frances Clark, a sa ilo r ' s w if e , h as b e e n sen , at the sessions, to three months imprisonment. • M . P . , consisting of Mr. C. Wilbraham, Mr. Jervis M.P., ITr. Tollemache, M.P., Mr. P. Davies Cooke,y„ Mr. Wilson Patten, M.P. Mr. Brittain, and Mr. kl,icklin, had an interview on Wednesday with Sir Robert c eel, on the subject of the Cheshire drainage bill. Mr. Laycock has erected, in Chester-street, Birken head, from designs by Mr. Welch, a splendid building, l i I °r Public meetings, to be called " Craven Rooms." The 43 ona is 46 feet long by 30 feet wide, and has an admirable set of ante-rooms, &c. DARING, RODBERY.—On Thursday evening, a carter, proceeding up Crosbie-street to the railway station, with a horse and cart laden with copper, was attacked by ;g a ng of thieves, some o f w h om go t i n t o th e car t, and threw out about 1 cwt. The carter succeeded:in securing one of the villains. A. fine little boy a few days ago incautiously placed the first finger of his left hand in the cog-wheel of one of the street-svreeping the machines at use in Liverpool, at the time cart was in motion. The finger was snapped off above the second joint, and the poor little fellow had to submit to t he operatio n o f h av i ng t h e rema i n i ng j o i n t am p u t a t e d. THE TURN-OUT AT BIRKENHEAD.—The whole of the Joiners who struck for higher wages about a fortnight ago, have resumed work without obtaining the demand. The Pstonemasons and bricklayers still remain out; and more an one-half of them have left Birkenhead for the rent railways ; the number previously employed was 589. THE NEW TARIFF.—The delay which has taken place in p a ssing Sir Rob er t P ee l' s t ar iff i s ser i ous l y embarrass town f ee l so strongly on the subject, that they have laid 7 1 . 0 the t a bl es of the Exchange News-room a petition pray , .?g that it may be passed without further delay. The pe tition has been most numerously and respectably signed. a_AN ABRUPT ENTRANCE.--On Wednesday, a horse ttached to one of Owen's cars, at the top of Leece-street, beca m e unmanageable, and at length bolted with fearful * Speed do wn t h e street. Its progress was stopped by out into the shop of Mr. York, top of Bold-street, out not w i t h out doing about £lO worth of damage to the ishon front. INTERESTING TO PUBLICANS.—On Monday, Mr. John ~•Whittaker appeared at the Salford Town Hall, to answer 'l` .nrarnoris of the authorities for selling exciseable liquors pwithout a license. The house of Mr. Whittaker who is a u.blican, in Salford, had been recently taken down and tlt upon the same site, arid the question for decision new whether the license for the old house would cover the sli s 7,4 ) .°e• The magistrates decided that it would not, but or lad th e complaint. felli the night a poor woman, named Esther Hayes, Dnt° th e r i ser b etween the Birkenhead and Woodside ots while pass i ng a l ong the plank. The tide instantly i ts kr her under the paddle-box, and she must have perished ; not one of the Birkenhead boatmen, named Cane, Jue, J u mped in, a n d after diving about succeeded in laying hold n. This is th e s i x th occasion on which this g a llant felloerw. has risked his life to save persons from drowning. A. s ubscription has been entered into for him, and we shall be happy to receive any donation. FATAL OCCURRENCE.—On Tuesday last, a distressing occurrence took place at the limekilns at Halton, near Runcorn, the property of John Tomkinson, Esq., of this town, by which William Edwards, aged sixty, and John Carruthers, fourte en , we re suffocated. It appeared that both of them had successively fallen into the kiln, and though every exertion was made to get them out and re store animation, they both died. The cause of death was breathing carbonic acid gas, which is always generated in burning limestone and coke. The first effect of inhaling this gas is unconsciousness, and death speedily ensues. WANTON OUTRAGE.--OD Saturday evening, a bullet was fired or thrown with considerable force, through the window of Mr. James Walkden's shop, corner of King William -street, Blackburn, (the publishing office of the . 131 achbwrn Standard.) The bullet perforated a bole through the glass of the inner window, in the direction ° 'ere Mr. Walkden was standing at the time; but in Passi to 'Wh ere through the second window tbe bullet went close sbothe frame work and glanced off to the other end of the to P• It i s i mposs ibl e to conceive a motive for this wan °„act•--Blackburn Standard. Y ,l Thursday, Thomas Sully Storn, an officer of the . 3..1) It was fined £5 for an assault on Captain aw ett, of the brig Celt. The complainant had given P t roe offence to the captains in the river Bonny, on the '''riean coast, in consequence of which, after leaving his ° wo sliip in a boat, he was arrested by the mate, second taste, and th e b oatswain of the Rienzi, and charged with I . s e i: l ling a water cask. He escaped from the Rienzi at the pa, of his lif e , b y j ump i ng i nto t h e water, when he was ckeded up b y his own crew. Mr. Rushton described the s k e as one of the most flagrant acts of injustice he had ever heard of. t e , P s 'lts NEAR PRESTON.—On Thursday forenoon, be ti7en ten and eleven o'clock, a fire broke out in one of L i e : s ooms in the cotton mill belonging to Messrs. James m e 'et tn nS and Son, situate at the village of Hoghton, about , miles from l'reston, and four from Blackburn. The 'i ng ° l were all at work at the time but on the alarm be frcji,v,en, the engine was stopped, and all speedily fled al etel _rie the threatened danger. The building was com -15,0Y„ gutted, and the estimated loss is from £ lO,OOO to ar e i n uf ) . The building and all the materials and stock lost, tired to the f u ll amoun t . H app il y no li ves were stor k ti t it i s to b e regretted that several hundreds of tneati!eoPle will be for some time thrown out of employ- Cit .& ectirt, tt °E or SWINDLING.—At the Birkenhead Police alias en Tuesday, a person named Richard Wimpole, fel on , 'chard Ray Wrinpele, was committed for trial for blaanY. O n a charge of illegally pawning six pairs of P erry tl-s, the property of Miss C. C. Webster, of New fur ti i s l,,,Pn the ith December last, the prisoner took a rate of cottag e at New Ferry for three months, at the rent s . ` 43 s • per week. He paid towards the first month's ki ss ii;,eabnd after that, in consequence of some suspicion, assistan ster took possession of the cottage, with the 4 even ,of a constable, when it was discovered that toV ee ':lnicets, a counterpane, two brass candlesticks, a These mill, some carpets, and other articles were missing. p ool e articles, it was proved, had been pledged in Liver s t s o T he article s h a d b een pledged at seven diff erent bo r various sums of money. AIIrCOMMITTEE TDUPSDAY —lt was agreed to '"aSe " • ar i a , from Mr. Ambrose Lace the 7,000 yards of fo" , n'itn the, buildings and machinery now used as a v ey ' or on the west side of Sefton-street. The Marine Sur had rePorted that the eastern edge of West Hoyle bank I ti ces etxhte„rided ou twards. Orders were given to issue no aaek. a' an additional buoy had been placed upon the ie te , , It was stated that this increase would in no way to to with the ent rance to the port. It was . resolved tell th e Telegrap hic • Vocabulary to the public at ss. a The sub -committee reported that they could not to th ' r r.,tend any increase to the salary of £55 per annum for e Keeper of the telegraph station on Hilbre Island. Th e th „, naan stated th a t th ere were now 5 5 7 app li cat i ons It various situations at the Albert Dock warehouses. %Ic e as agreed t o pay to Capt. James M'Farlane, of the C oo l' Christi an, of Glasgow, the ;mount of damage occa tiocke,4 to his v esse l b y su dd en l y l etting the weter into the teetiorland,,also to make hi m some compensation for de keaatimelbe harbou r master's sub-committee in the the trust to inquire into the conduct of the servants of ...2n this matter. White!' WEATIIER,—After an uncommonly open and mild NI . 7. and a forward spring so far, we were on Tuesday, wet:note especially on Wednesday last, visited by a com 'ale, ch ange of weather, par t aking of the severe rigours of s ame Le On ennesday night there was a keen frost for the g° ura, and notwithstanding the advanced period of th e ''ar, when the sun has generally considerable power, th "Id re e r emained most searching and abiding during the The wind was at first from the northward :ea s ti ta 'a r : d cw s. a rd . T , Saturday morning southerly and ' , eera le 3 ' with, if possible, a more searching and chilling kte s • ss• Sheets of ice have been observable every re in ,ga on exposed pieces of wa t er . O n W e d nes d ay , je V,, and Friday, showers of dry snow fell, b u t no t abu ndance as t o re li eve t h e atmosp h ere. On 4Zs'b naV morningt c over ed with a -eine/sup the house - ops were _... two tnough the sun shone out during the ~-.r, the portion in the shade of chimneys, &c. remained rmi°,eanaelted, and on Saturday, the wind blew a perfect hur tnlcin,e,: naPpily, vegetation had not progressed very far,. ree.";e Probability is that although some forward fruit th e ' t hat had got into precocious blossom, and a few of 40,,unsheltered early potatoes will suffer, the check will .ea;•onia the whole, be detrimental. We find that at New thPann I.,euPon-Tyne and its neighbourhood, in the north of d generally, and also in Scotland and Ireland, the ,bittge has been ev trat?.Y,Parts to - more severe ....... ueptn of several leei - , ' lmPeding the usua to" t v i !lling by coach. The Glasgow Courier of Thursday foiles a heavy fall of snow there on the previous day, wed by a frost, but the temperature had become To , . atuty Paratively milder. Sunday was a beautiful Match te rd '.. 4B Was yesterday. A slight shower or two fell yes ,4Yr, and the weather was cold but seasonable. aett"rt_l .readers are referred to the testimonials which apo cern! ip another column of the successful extraction f tv1 1 ,: .. oy Mr. Rendall, of 67, Mount-pleasant ; persons thes:' powers of locomotion were impeded for years by liev,Patnful eacresences have been most effectually re- NZ) and that, too, without the slightest annoyance or COTTAGE OWNERS.—On Thursday; #t a public meet. ing of this body, it was determined to send a petition to parliament against the clause in the Liverpool sanitary bill, making the owners and not the occupiers of small property liable to be rated. EXPRESS TRAINS TO LONDON.—We hear that the directors of the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railway Companies are, with the consent of the Postoffice, making arrangements for delaying the 4 A.M. mail train in Liverpool to 6 A.M., but so expediting its speed that it will arrive in London by 1 p.m. as at present : but that the alteration will not take place till the Ist of May. The directors decline running an early express train from London. SELECT VESTRY.-At the usual meeting, on Tuesday, the business was unimportant. Some conversation took place as to the Poor Law Commissioners not having re plied to communications from the Select Vestry as to the rating of the Wapping warehouses, and the crowded state of the County Lunatic Asylum. On the latter subject the Rev. Rector Brooks stated, that the county magis trates were doing all they could, and they had already taken an old union workhouse near Preston, where they would receive county lunatics. St. Patrick's Day passed off quietly last week, notwith standing the peace of the town was again endangered by a procession playing party tunes, and bearing banners ex hibiting rebellious devices. The magistrates issued a notice, expressing their sanguine hope that no procession would take place, but the repealers treated it as so much waste paper. The protestants never offered the slightest opposition to the insulting proceedings. Their forbear ance deserves the highest commendation, and ought not to be lost sight of by the authorities. On Tuesday, the grand jury at the Borough Sessions made a presentment to the court, expressive of " their approbation of the able and luminous address of the Recorder, relative to the state of crime in the borough, and the want of classification and accommodation in the gaol, and suggesting the printing of the address for circu lation." The grand jury also expressed " their sense of the increasing evils arising from the number of loose wo men in the town, to whom a large portion of the crimes may be attributed." The Recorder said, he thought the grand jury having placed their opinions on record would answer every purpose. WEST DERBY UNION, TUESDAY.—The appointment of relieving officers for the West Derby and Walton dis tricts was postponed, Mr. Tristram declining to take the larger district at the proposed salary of £lOO per annum, as he was then relieving officer of the union at £2OO a year, and had not resigned, or been dismissed, or done anything to warrant his dismissal. Mr. Smith thought the commissioners ought to have taken Mr. Tristratn's case into consideration, as it was very unusual to reduce a deserving officer's salary. Mr. Shaw moved the ap pointment of Mr. Harbord, as surgeon of Toxteth-park, at a salary of £BO, and 6s. for every calif not on the re lieving officer's books. The motion was seconded, but was withdrawn, and an amendment by Mr. Gregson, to the effect that £BO be the salary of the medical officer, that the office be tendered to Mr. Harbord, and that in the event of his declining it, candidates be advertised for was carried. LAUNCH OF A STEAM SCREW YACHT.--On Tuesday evening last was launched from the iron boat building and boiler-yard of Messrs. William Jones and Co., Burling ton-bridge, one of the most beautifully-modelled and fi nished vessels we have seen for some time. She is 67 feet long and 13 feet beam, has a neatly-carved head of " Lu cifer," carved stern and quarter galleries. She has direct action engines, on an improved principle, which take up, from the peculiarity of their arrangement, a very small space indeed. Her boiler will be on an improved plan, on the tubular principle. She will have a screw propeller, and is expected to sail fast. Her tonnage is about 45 tons. She has been built under the superintendence of Mr. Jas. M'Ardle (we believe for the use, as a pleasure yacht, of an honourable and gallant member of Parliament.) She is exceedingly strong, and is divided into compartments by water-tight bulk - heads. She is now in the Trafalgar Dock. When her interior arrangements are complete, we may perhaps notice her again, as she reflects the very greatest credit on the builders, as well as Mr. M'Azdle. She sits beautifully on the water. HIGHWAY BOARD.—The application of Mr. W. J. Hammond to be allowed to place three lamps opposite the Adelphi Theatre was granted, after some discussion, as the theatre was a public building, and the lamps would be an advantage to the public, as Liverpool was not suffici ently lighted.—Mr. Cooper then moved that the applica• tion of Messrs. Hyam to place three lamps opposite their shop in Lord-street, which bad been refused by the Board a short time ago, be complied with, on condition that the pillars of the lamps occupied a space of only twelve inches, and the lights were kept burning all night.—This motion occasioned some discussion, the opposition being princi pally on the ground that the case of Messrs. Hyam was widely different from that of Mr. Hammond's, the lamps for the latter being for the accommodation of parties fre quenting a public place of amusement, while the former were merely to serve as an advertisement, to attract atten tion to a private shop.—On Mr. Cooper's motion being put, it was lost by a majority of 9to 7. Mr. Tinne gave notice that he should bring forward a motion to establish some fixed rule, so that lamps might be granted opposite any public building, where no inconvenience resulted therefrom to the street.—Mr. Leyland gave notice of a motion for removing the lamps opposite the gas-office, in Newington-bridge, which he considered were a great ob struction to the footwalks.—Mr. Walthew gave notice of his intention to move that an application be made to the Council for permission to introduce fountains for the pub lic accommodation, and watering troughs for cattle, and that the Water Committee fix the number of such troughs and fountains.—Mr. Tinne called the attention of the Board to the bad state of the pavement in Dale-street, which had been referred to by Mr. Gladstone: He men tioned an accident that had occurred in consequence. HEALTH OF TOWNS AssociamoN.--On Tuesday evening last, a meetin 6 in connexion with the above as sociation was held at St. Barnabas's National Schools, (Greenland•street, to hear an address by John A. Tinne, Esq.. on subjects connected with the public health. The working classes had been particularly invited, and a large number attended. The chair was occupied by the Rev. Thomas Nolan, and several gentlemen connected with the association were present. The Chairman having intro duced Mr. Tinne to the meeting, the latter gentleman proceeded to deliver an address on the importance and necessity of a proper attention to the public health. He referred to a number of details collected from various sources, showing that Liverpool was the most unhealthy town in the kingdom, and that the evil was attributable to the deficiency of sewerage, residence in confined courts and cellars, the filthy state of the streets, and the want of a plentiful and continuous supply of water for the use of the poor. Those were, he contended, the great and leading causes which contributed to the unhealthiness of our town and the prevalence of disease. He gave some valuable advice to the meeting, more especially to the working people, as to the necessity of cleanliness in their dwellings, as well as their persons, and referred particularly to the establishment of baths by the Corporation, which had been of immense advantage to the town; he was also glad to see that further accommodation was being made in this respect at the north end of the town, by the erection of baths in Paul-street, on a still more extended scale. He concluded by expressing a hope that all parties would unite for the purpose of carrying out the object sought to be obtained by the association. Every one might do something, and it was only by co-operation in carrying out efficient measures in regard to the public health, that the bad pre-eminence of Liverpool in this respect would be effectually removed. The address was listened to through out with the greatest attention, and the speaker was fre quently interrupted during his progress by loud bursts of approbation. The meeting was afterwards addressed by Mr. A. Hodgson, Dr. Harbord, Mr. S. Holnee, and the Rev. H. Hampton. ANTICIPATED VISIT TO LIVERPOOL OF PRINCE ALBERT.—We learn that the committee of management of the " Sailors' Home," a new and excellent institution about to be established on a permanent footing in our town, have transmitted an invitation to Prince Albert to come down amongst us, and do us the honour of laying the foundation stone of the intended building, for which a suitable site has been procured. As our gracious Queen is herself the patroness of the institution, we can scarcely doubt hut that his royal highness will accede to the re quest, especially as we have ever observed him to be for ward in promoting every work of public interest giving promise of naticnal advantage. As some weeks must elapse before the ceremony can take place, and the wea ther may then be expected to be finer, we venture to offer a suggestion which we think would, in gatifying the Prince on his visit to the " good old town," con fer an equal gratification and a credit on "•the autho rities thereof," as well as on others who have the means of showing civilities to a distinguished stranger,—and in " highland" parlance, " stranger is a holy name." The prince —our now adopted and truly worthy country man—will, as a matter of course, be travelled round our splendid docks, and public edifices, and partake of the I festivities of our worthy chief magistrate. But this is not all that might be accomplished. We believe that we have but to throw out the hint in order to its being acted upon. We suggest that he should be invited to inspect our prin cipal watch-manufactories, the superb and extensive steam-engine manufactories of Messrs. Bury, Curtis, and Kennedy, and Messrs. Fawcett and Preston, the exten sive premises of the Mersey Steel and Iron Works, &c., as well as our new and extensive dock-works. We think it probable, too, that by the time his royal highness arrives, the fine steam-ship " Birkenhead," for the service of the Royal Navy,.and the largest of the class yet afloat, may be ready for her trial trip to Dublin, or the Isle of Man, and we feel assured that the builder, Mr. J. Laird, would feel much pleasure in making up a party of our " mer chant princes " to accompany the prince on her first ex cursion. We should also have a grand turn-out of the vessels of " The Royal Mersey Yacht Club " on the oc casion, and the - whole would be an honour to the town, and produce an impetus to business, which would, we think, in these perilous and shaking times, be highly and generally beneficial. BETTING UPON JACK LANGAN'S BOYHOOD.-011 Saturday, an elderly farmer, Robert Sumner, appeared at the Police-court, and preferred a charge against Robert M'Call, of having left him minas a guinea, under circum stances the recital of which caused considerable laughter in the court. It appeared that on the previous night, the complainant had gone to Langley's public-house, Com ' -row, where there was a considerable number of mu tatio customers, and a discussion arose on the principal events in the life of Jack Langan. Amongst other allegations made, one man, who did not appear to be more than 30 years of age, positively asserted that he had taken Jack up in his arms when he (Jack) was a little, boy. The farmer questioned the truth of the statement, but the man ye-asserted " the fact." The farmer offered to bet a guinea that the circumstance bad not taken place. The conversation, upon this, turned upon guineas, and some expressed a curiosity to see such a thing. The farmer was obliging, and from the bottom of an inner pocket pulled out a good old guinea. M`Call first handled it ; and to try whether it was good put it into his mouth and turned it over and mar for some time. The farmer said something then fell on the floor, but what it was no one ' could ever discover, as it was not found, though candles were brought, and every cranny carefully searched. The farmer called a policeman, and gave the prisoner into custody. The prisoner was defended by Mr. Davenport, who stated that it was all a joke, and that the farmer had been tossing his guinea about the bar, and that some of the company had been having a snatch at it. Mr. Daven port said his client was a strictly honest man, and as a proof of this. he found a £lOO note on one occasion, and advertised for the owner; and, when he found him, he honourably handed him the note. Mr. Rushton said it appeared the prisoner had put the coin into his mouth out of joke, and that it fell on the floor, but the joke was a dangerous one. The prisoner was then discharged, and the farmer left the court evidently in no humour to make such a bet again. DEATH AT THE NEW NORTH DOCKS.—. On Saturday, an inquest was held before the borough coroner, touching the death of David Rowlands, a youth aged 14 years. The deceased was employed at the new North Docks, and his duty was to grease the axles of the waggons. On Thursday evening last, deceased w a s standing between two loaded waggons on the railway in the dock. They were then standing still. Directly afterwards the wag_ gons started off, and the deceased fell, and was crushed between the two machines. The machines were moved along by horses. A man employed in managing the wag gons shouted to deceased, as they started, " Look out," but the poor fellow did not bear the warning, or b ecame so confused that he could not attend to it. He was taken to the Northern Hospital, but before he arrived had ceased to live. THE Li.Viiiii(ii,i, rriAiiioAllt). THE LIVERPOOL DOCK BILL. The bill went into committee of the Commons on Tuesday last. The committee were, Mr. John Philpotts, (chairman,) Sir H. Douglas, Lord Sandon, Sir P. Eger ton, Mr. Tollemache, and six others. For the promoters three counsel appeared, and four for the opponents —own ers, occupiers, water and gas companies, &c., but several others bad no representatives, their object merely being to procure the introduction of certain clauses. Mr. Talbot, for the promoters, urged the rapidly in creasing trade of the pori, and dwelt on the well-digested scheme of the new docks at Wapping. Mr. Bramley-Moore was then examined by Mr. Ser ' geant Bellasis, in answer to whom he stated he was chair man of the Dock Committee, a body which had the ma nagement and regulation of the whole of the Liverpool docks. Including the basins, the present extent of dock space was about 120 acres, the whole of which was in ac tual use. Powers had been obtained from parliament for Considerably enlarging this space, and when the docks were added to it, which were now in course of construc tion, the whole extent would be 200 acres. Sixty-seven acres were now under construction. The present wants of the port were sufficient to absorb the whole of the new works. The trade of the port had rapidly increased in many particulars. He would first refer to the general trade in decennial periods from 1815 : Year. Acres of water space. Tons of shipping. 1815 .. 52 .. 709,849 1825.... 1835 . . . .12 9 0 9 1 768,426 1845 3,016,531 The trade of the port had increased, in fact, much faster than the dock accommodation ; and the above figures sufficiently proved that they had been behind-hand in pro viding accommodation. The dock trustees had no per sonal interest in the management of the docks ; they re ceived no salaries ; they were merchants, who managed the affairs gratuitously ; and the docks were public, he might say national property. The increase of tonnage in 1845 over 1844 had been nearly 400,000 tons, an increase unexampled in any other English port. In Bristol the in crease had been 20,000 tons : in Hull 58,000. In London the increase in two years had been 154,373 tons. In 1844 the number of ships which entered Liverpool was 18,411 ; in 1845 it was 20,521. A material reduction bad been made in the dock rates within the last few years. In 1838 the rates were rednced 3E4 pe cent., and at the commence ment of last year the rates on East India, China, and South American voyagers were reduced from 2s. 3d. to Is. 6d. per ton. The maximum charge was now is. 6d. Notwithstanding this reduction, there had been consider able increase in the revenue of the Dock Estate for 1845. It amounted to £6,079 upon the six months correspond ing with six months in the previous year. The Chi na trade was increasing. It was but partially developed yet. The trade to India had increased 20 percent. in late years, and it was yet increasing. The trade to the United States and the American continent had increased 30 per cent. He had no doubt whatever that all these trades were still increasing, and if any material changes were made in the tariff, they would, to a very great extent, affect the qua n .. tity of trade in Liverpool. It was quite impossible for him, however, to arrive at any certain conclusion upon this subject, because the trade had already surpassed all the calculations made respecting it. It was desirable, but he did not think it possible to forestall the accommoda tion necessary for it. He did not think that all the Dock Trustees could do in this respect would be sufficient, but they anticipated as far as they could. The timber trade had been supposed to have arrived at its extent in Liver pool, and evidence had been given to that effect before parliament; but the following tables would show that it bad increased. First, with regard to timber imported from British America : Year. Vessels. Tonnage. 184 1 1845...... Then, with regard to Baltic timber for the same periods : Year. Vessels. Tonnage. 1844... ...... ... 51. . .. • 14,144 18 15 .... In reply to a member of the committee, Mr. Moore stated that the great increase had been in foreign vessels. Foreign vessels largely preponderated ; but he could not, with accuracy, state the proportion. Foreign vessels had an advantage now which formerly they did not possess, inasmuch as that many foreign ports now took British manufactures that formerly did not; and, unfortunately, in consequence of the exclusion of certain produce from consumption in England, they got all the back carrying trade to the Continent, or a very large proportion of it. No difference in charge was made between British and Foreign ships. With regard to the mahogany trade, there were imported into Liverpool, In 1844 In 1845 and the importation had been doubled concurrently with a continued advance in prices throughout the country. Mahogany was used for a great variety of purposes, and the Dock Trustees were thinking of using it about the docks. At present there were no facilities for conveying timber from Liverpool into the interior of the country, and when those facilities were afforded by means of the railway trucks being taken to the quay-side, the trade would decidedly increase. A railway was projected as far as Sandbach, to go through the salt districts of Che shire, and this would increase the trade of Liverpool, be cause the salt could be put on board vessels at less ex pense. The following was the increase of the salt trade in Liverpool:— Years. Tons. 1844 . ... 1815 At present there was no accommodation in Liverpool for the export of coals; but if there' were facilities, coals would be taken by vessels as ballast, independently of the regular trade in execution of orders. The foreign coal trade was greatly increasing, and it would increase more when the trucks could be brought to the ship side at once, without the expense of cartage, which was an insuperable impediment to the trade. Hallways along the quay sides would be equally beneficial to the merchandise imported. When cotton was thought desirable to be put on the truck, instead of being warehoused, it might go strnght away to Manchester at once, but he hoped that the new system of warehousing round the docks would prevent that altogether, and keep it in Liverpool. Mr. Hartley, surveyor to the Dock Committee, was then called. He gave details of his estimate, the total amount of which was, exclusive of the land, £226,189. The intended alterations in 'Wapping would be a very great public improvement. It was desirable, he added, to se parate the dock quays from the street; and by the plan proposed, instead of the present narrow street, the quay would be 101 feet wide, and the street 75 feet wide. The houses to be taken were principally of a small class. There were some warehouses. In his judgment, the alteration would be a very great improvement.. As to the estimates, the Wapping portion would cost £101,475 ; basins, £36,260 10s. ; alterations at Salthouse Dock, £16,651 lOs. the works in Nova Scotia, £69, 345 ; and the Harrington works (exclusive of the land), £3452. Mr. John Stewart, surveyor, valued the Wapping pro perty at £500,000, and the rest at £241,500. The pro perty was of a mixed nature. Mr. Weightman, surveyor, confirmed Mr. Stewart's estimates. The total number of properties to be taken in Wapping was 462. The assessment to the poor and other rates was £26,477. The ground area of warehouses to be taken down was about 23,478 yards. Mr. Geo. Withers stated that the dock estate was in a condition to pay the interest on the capital to be borrowed for the completion of these works. The committee again met on Wednesday, and unani mously decided that the preamble had been proved. I t was decided that the promoters of the bill should not be excluded from the operation of the Land Clauses Conso ... lidation Act of 1845 . (which gives compensation to tenants and owners). All the printed clauses were then passed. A long discussion took place as to the rating of the in tended warehouses upon all the quays of the Albert Dock, and a clause was inserted to the effect that they should be erected under the act of 4th Victoria. The decision as to their being liable to all parochial rates was postponed. The remaining manuscript clauses were passed. On Thursday, otter clauses were read and passed. A discussion took place relative to the intended landing stage or stages —one party contending that two small stages would be more suitable than one large one. Mr. Cubit was in favour of the l a tt er ; but the question was left undecided. On Friday the committee met again, and, after consult ing with the speaker of the house, decided that the Select Vestry had not a locus slandi, inasmuch as they had not lodged a petition in proper time, and therefore could not be heard. The counsel for the commissioners was then heard on their behalf (a petition having been lodged in due time), and urged that the proper legal notices could not be given, as the clause authorising the erection of ware houses was not inserted in the bill as originally drawn, but was new ma ter introduced into it. He therefore hoped that as his clients could not succeed in introducing a clause into the present bill to render the warehouses liable to the local rates, that the committee would not allow the clause to be introduced authorising the erection of ware houses. The committee-room was then cleared, and, on being re-admitted, the chairman of the committee an nounced that they had rejected the clause. The dock committee will, therefore, have to apply next session for another bill to construct the warehouses, when all parties will have an opportunity of giving the necessary parlia mentary notices.—The committee adjourned until Wed nesday (to-morrow}. COR . I4,OONDENCE, ON THE SANITARY STATE OF SOME PARTS OF LIVERPOOL TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD, LETTER II Medical inspectorships must follow in the wake of me dical commissionerships and medical coronerships, and the parchment advocate sometimes yield to the health advocate. The interests of the community require that the legal opinion should be sought upon a legal case, and a medical opinion upon a medical case. I am at a loss to under stand why to cross these opinions, like the letter X, should not be as great an error in the one case as in the other. The chances of the probability of certain bad police regu lations developing some epidemic or contagious disorders in a crowded population, the practised eye of the medical practitioner can surely best calculate ; in fact, this comes in as a branch of the subject of what is called " medical police," and has long been properly understood on the continent, and in Austria especially. The state there never interferes with the condition, habits, or manners of the people, without first duly consulting the Professors of Medical Police ; in Germany no interment can take place upon the certificate of a private medical practitioner alone, the State Physicianof the district must endorse it; so wisely jealous is that enlightened government of the rights and interests of all the subjects. In the provincial towns of Great Britain, especially, although her metropolitan cities are probably nothing better in this respect, what a crudity of legislation has each place borne witness to. The necessity for a full revision of all our police mat ters bearing upon life and death, health and disease, is demonstrable from whatever side we examine into the condition of the body social. In order to prove what I have advanced, I shall now endeavour to describe some of the non-sanitary states of this good old town forthwith; but, in justice to the sub ject, as Liverpool ranks so low in the scale of health of towns, I claim a right to compa .- e London with her in the very points I am about to broach, for a reason obvious when done, and shall quote for this purpose the last evi dence on the matter, respecting the condition of certain courts and cellars, laid before the Common Council of tl'e city of London, by Dr. Lynch, who presented a petition from the Heath of Towns Association, for some increased attention to the state of the crowded neighbourhoods— (to the grounds of that petition the attention of the pub lic will be called here, and in every parallel case.) The Times newspaper, of the 13th instant, reports that Dr. Lynch, in a speech after presenting the petition, amongst other facts, referred to the condition of a certain " Plum tre Court" (in Blackfriars, I think), wherein he states— " Houses in the court were built back to back, and the cellars. which contained an accumulation of every filth, were never cleared out. (Hear, hear.) From these nests of pestilence were hourly issuing poisonous gases fatal to animal life. * So fatal were the results of the poison to which he alluded, that medical men were afraid of applying a blister to a patient from the fear that it would run into a mortification. The mortality amongst children was appalling, and the ravages made by all preventible diseases exceeded what the most powerful imagina tion could conceive. Similar close courts in an equally bad state were to be found off that street. In the Old Bailey there were nine courts, all without sewers. Contagious diseases were never absent." Dr. Lynch was gratefully met by some councilmen, who spoke of his " circumnavigation of charity." The petition was agreed to by a large majority, no more than three hands being held up against it ! These facts are appalling, and this last fact the worst of all. What a lamentable exhibition of human nature, that three hands could be found held up against the peti tion of humanity itself. It only shows that the facts re quire to be reiterated and quoted until these deaf hear the cry of wretched humanity ; it must be thundered in their ears till the very timbers of their council raof groan again. Such are the facts, then, in reference to the COURT 3 and CELLARS of some districts of London, and they are yond the possibility of denial or dispute; and the conta gious haunts will eventutlly be purified, it is to be ar dently hoped, for the Common Council's vote is a pro mise in itself that such abominations will be speedily looked after. This is as it should be for London ; but what has that to do with Liverpool and our own doors ? It has to do with us and our homes here—everything to do ; it is a faithful portrait of Liverpool proper—although Liverpool did not exactly sit for it. How then is it a portrait of her ? In this way : there is so strong a family likeness, that the one may sit,for the portrait of the other. The difficulty is, to discover a difference, or to identify such portraits; but there is one point of difference, the one from the other, viz., the costliness. Liverpool has to pay about four times more than London. 1, If we take the whole area of London, built and unbuilt, and compare it with the same area of Liverpool, we shall find that the population is nearly four times as dense in Liverpool as it is in London. In the houses alone, area for area, Liverpool is above two-and-a-half times more densely populated. As all the evils that afflict the town are more severely felt in some locali ties than in others, we find that this holds good al,o in the pre sent instance. Dr. Duncan mentions a district in Exchange Ward, containing about 12,0 inhabitants on a surface of 105,001 square yards, which is in the ratio of -00,0 , 0 to the square mile. That part of the district bounded by Addison street arid Great Crosshall-street, contained. in 1841, 811 houses and 7938 inhabitants, on an area of about 49,000 square yards, which gives a density of 657,963 to the geographical square mile! It requires some effort to grasp such an idea, and we shall illustrate it by reference to London. In the same year London contained 1,900,000 inhabitants, and every square mile of building accommodated about 50,000 people. Now, by the last census, Great Britain and Ireland contained 'Ai millions ; and if we could suppose 25 millions of these crowded into the present houses of London, we should have some conception of the condition of the people in that district of Liverpool. This, however, is not the worst. One instance is given by Dr. Dun can, out of a number of others, of a court in Crosbie- street, con taining 118 inhabitants, on au area of 150 square yards. The usual average is nearly seven inmates t, each house, while in this court it Is fifteen to each; and there are entire streets where the average is nearly as high.—(Liverpool Health of Town's Advocate, No. iv., p. 26.) Thus, from the quadruple density of our population over London, space for space, we are standing in quad rupled danger from the obtaining of the same causes com monly infesting each. For this reason, it behoves us to investigate our own sanitary state with quadrupled vigilance. I concede, most cheerfully, all abundant praise to the voluntary associa tion of gentlemen, of all parties, who are united together for this express object, under the name of The Liverpool Health of Towns Association, and from whose organ, the Advocate, I have just quoted. They are doing a great and godlike work in their own department, but they have no authority to regulate or touch anything ; yet, by the moral vis a tergo of opinion and disseminated knowledge, they will eventually obtain the doing of all desirable to be accomplished, and become, no doubt, the helm by which the masses may be steered safely towards health and en joyment of the common, and therefore most valuable, blessings of life. I concede, also, that the municipal authorities have felt very anxious to discharge their one rous duties as the executive rulers of the town. Ido not pretend or wish to cast any, even the least, reproach upon parties, high or low, in office, it is only i (-sanitary sys tems which are to be accused, and, as far as possib,e, im proved ; and it becomes necessary for this to be done without delay, because the foci of contagious fever are accumulating to an extent never known in Liverpool be fore, and my attempt to describe what I have been eye witness to, will fail to picture adequately the reality at our very doors. Language can never fully describe the disgusting and abominable scenes—the accumulated muck —a strong and vulgar, but the only full Saxon term which may not be diluted by criticism and refining away, until it be supposed fitting to describe, in boudoir phraseology, the decay of a humming-bird's wing or of a jessamine leaf—or the apotheosis of a caterpillar. The purlieus of Liverpool Proper are auful in capability far de veloping fevers of all kinds and of the profoundest intensity of destructive form I To the proof, then, of this, and of all else I have advanced, and to make all more than good in statement, and, failing which, I will consent to be silent—with the word "not-proven" inscribed pub licly upon this attempt. I repeat, then, we have the copious elements of all manner almost of contagious and epidemic diseases, to which every class in the community are obnoxious, when ever the focus of the malarious poison acts with great in tensity, or broods suspended, like a cloud, over the doomed district. Once, perhaps, the malaria may have existed in a preventible shape, like "a cloud the size of a man's hand." Unchecked—unprevented, it arose, and expanding upon the currents of air and the wings of the wind, it gathered blackness of horror, and bursts in a storm of fearful fury upon the devoted region of its birth—though not always worst jusipin the precise district of its nativity. I commence with a street leading frona - 141arybone to Scotland-road, called HARRISON-STREET. This is an exceedingly narrow street, about 3,1 yards in width, and has a gutter or channel running down the centre of it, re sembling the old-fashioned streets of Paris. It has a gen tle declivity quite sufficient to form a water descent, if the channel were paved with square stone, so as to present a level bed instead of the present round bolders which form the only pavement of the street, and as respects a water course, do present constant impediment to the fret course of superficial drainage, so that the natural advantage is sa crificed by ill-suited paving ; were it not for this, the street might almost clean itself in spite of the accumulated contributions of all manner of garbage and filth ejected from the houses. The houses occur for by far the greater part on one side only of the street, and the blank side op posite to them presents the gable ends of houses compos ing the several corresponding courts leading from the ad joining street (Milton-street), as well as the back walls of those courts, which run up very high, and conclude these latter into so many of those notorious cul-de-sac arrange ments of Liverpool groups of building. These walls are, however not quite so innocent as they might appe ar a t first sight; for on observing them, they are found to pre sent in many places a leakage of an offensive description, and this in some places in spite of roman cementing, which does not fulfil the intention for which such was put there : the source of this disgusting and unhealthy nui sance is evidently arising from the ash pits and privies be longing to the above-mentioned courts. The occurrence of this might not strike a cursory passer by possibly, but it is not the less prejudicial in its nature; if still worse, it might have attracted the attention of the autho rities ; as it is, it is capable of developing unhealthiness in the street, whilst escaping notice. I do not find that this street is swept daily, as from its accumulations it ought to be entitled to ; even in the'bld town of Edinburgh, the strets so notoriously similar in domestic accidents are all visited daily by th e b esom o f the scavengers : by comparison, therefore, we are behind the modern Athens, the recent improvements in which are fast elevating it into the' rank of a comparatively clean town, whilst formerly it used to rank with Madrid, Lis bon, Paris, and other continental cities, as types of all abominations of this kind. _ There are small courts of a very cramped description here, the entrances proportionately narrow. One of these courts has four houses in it, and the entrance or passage is arched above : it is only a yard wide, and is tanked by a privy on each side. In another court there is a gallant assemblage of pig-stye, privy, water-tub, and odd-house. The contents of the tub can hardly be supposed tobeinre water, in a spot where there is little room for the free cir culation of air; the water must absorb some of the no xious gases floating always over it. Disgusting accumu lations of garbage may be seen in every direction where human footsteps might be directed, opposite every door nearly, and in entries. The cellars are as numerous as the houses ; the majority, . ! . A . by far, . ~ ire untenanted, and in some of these water was er in the shape of the drywells or in pools on lodged, tit, the floor. A b." ecimen of the water taken from one cellar organic matter, mainly in suspension, was turbid from the presence o f ammon i a ; i t was slightly alkaline from n quantities of sulphuretted 4 bted to my friend Dr. hy found also to co n tain SSII)A. mmonia. For this and all droren, in combinatio n with %._ e subsequent che m i ca l f ac t s l am 1b... .nany me to several Brett, who took the trouble to aecou.„ attention in the of the places to which I have to solicit course of these statements. FREEMASON'S-ROW . _ At the entrance of a court in this street, a cellar was in the act of being baled out by an old man living in the house above it, who stated that he was obliged to do so continu ally, or that they would be flooded. This was his daily task, owing to the neglected state of the water tap ; the hack yard belonging to the court was in a bad state, drainage occurring every way. He was a subject of rheu matism, which he attributed to the baling of his cellar of water (qualified by privy drainage). This cellar had been vacant about 12 months. A specimen of the water ob tained from this cellar did not give any evidence of the presence of sulphuretted hydrogen or ammonia, probably owing to the fact of its being so copiously diluted with es cape water; it was rather slightly acid than alkaline, in which respect it differed from other water taken from cel lars which have been examined, where an alkaline tendency was noted, owing to the presence of ammonia, the pro duct, no doubt, of the decomposition of animal matter : the latter there is abundant evidence to shew is frequently deposited in no inconsiderable quantiies in these now un inhabited and uninhabitable depots for filth. In another dwelling in Freemason's-row, the specimen of water did not differ in any material respect from *he foregoing, with the exception that it was not acid, but had rather an alkaline tendency. In another dwelling the cellar was in a flooded state, and yielded a disgusting, sour, nauseous odour. The te nants above had been only two months there, and say they found it in the present state. They observed that, as the doors and shutters of this and neighbouring cellars were broken or dilapidated, the worst part of the commu nity proceeded, by a selfishness of action. to throw their ashes and other impurities into them, in plain violation of the golden rule : these acts of transference occur at night, when watching is impossible. A specimen of this water did not exhibit any acidity, but was turbid from dark-coloured matter held in suspen sion. When the water was evaporated a nauseating vapour arose : it was found to yield twenty-eight grains of solid matter to the imperial pint, or 224 grains to the gallon. About one-half of this solid residue consisted of azotised organic matter, of an animal origin most probably. The presence of so much organic matter would doubtless, un der the high temperature which would prevail in the sum mer season, give rise to the production of effluvia highly injurious to health. And that more especially, since the analysis above referred to shews that the organic matter is principally of animal origin. Two other houses presented cellars, which stunk, and contained water differing in no material point from the water obtained from Harrison•street. It is worthy of re mark that the specimens of water obtained from the three sources referred to, were slightly alkaline from ammonia, sheaving that they contained animal matter in a process of decomposition. In a back cellar in a court in this row, a dry well existed in the centre of the floor, which was full of the most hor ribly foetid water; into which all sorts of animal matter was thrown, consisting of dead cats and dogs and various excrementitious matters. The floor was also strewed with solid excrement. The water from this sink of abomina tion was of a very dark colour, End had a highly offensive odour. When heated, a most nauseating vapour arose. The water was found to be distinctly alkaline, so as to redden turmeric paper ; when mixed with lime, ammo nia was set free; sulphuretted hydrogen was found to be present, being readily disengaged by the addition of an acid to the water, and its presence was further distinctly indicated by blackening salts of lead and silver. This water yielded, by evaporation, solid matter in the proportion of 100 grs. to the imperial pint, or 800 grs. to the gallon, and of this matter, one third was azotised or ganic matter. Independently, therefore, of the injurious effects which would be produced from the disengagement of sulphuretted hydrogen (a most poisonous gas) there can be little doubt but that during the heats of summer rapid decomposition of azotised organic matter would go on, giving rise to effluvia of a most noxious character. Might not such accumulations as the above, containing, as they do, either ammonia or the elements for the forma tion of that substance, be advantageously employed as manure, instead of being only efficient, as they at present appear to be, in giving birth to gaseous emanations of so pestiferous a nature as seriously to injure, if not perma nently to destroy the health, of those who are from cir cumstances Compelled to dwell within their poisonous in fluence. I have not yet done.—Yours, &c., G. C. WATSON Liverpool, March 18th, 1846 LWe received the following letter early last Tuesday morning, and published it in a second edition.l To the EDITOR of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD. Silt,—My correspondent, in your columns of to-day, said, in his letter to rne, " I would be sorry to have this letter published, and rely on your not doing so." In his letter to you, he refers to his letter to me, and says, " of which I retained no copy." On this you have a note, " We subsequently obtained a copy." Of whom could a copy be obtained, but from me ? And yet my correspondent relied on me not to publish his let ter ! This places me in a position in which I must not remain. I gave any correspondent his own letter, and you must have obtained it from or through him. When he wrote to you to say he had not retained a cony, and, at the same time, sent you the letter for publication, he should have added that, at his request, I had returned to him the ori ginal. I think he should not have suppressed his name, but under existing circumstances I will not publish it. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, • H UGH M`NEILE. 17/h March, 184 G. [We certainly received the letter to which Mr. M`Neile alludes from the gentleman who wrote it, and who, being wishful for its publication if his name were suppressed, informed us that he had requested Mr. M'Neile to return the original, which he handed to us for insertion in the Standard. This circumstance ought to have been ex plained by our correspondent in the course of his letter to us.] THE WINE AND SPIRIT TRADE We have received the following communication, on a subject of great mercantile importance : TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD SIR,—As considerable anxiety is at this time felt by the gentlemen engaged in the wine and spirit trade, on the subject of REDUCTION IN TILE DUTY ON BRANDY, namely, from 225. 10d. to 15s. per gallon, as proposed by Sir Robert Peel, and the uncertainty as to the time when the alteration is to take place having been productive of much inconvenience in regulating their movements in payment of duty, I beg to communicate for their infor mation, through the columns of your widely-circulated paper, that the Customs have THIS DAY been authorized to receive the new rate of duty on brandy and other fo reign spirits of 15s. per gallon. At the same time it is important for the trade to keep in view. that the Customs have the power of claiming the difference between the old and new duties, of 7s. 10d. per gallon, in the event of the resolutions not being ultimately passed. The majority for the measure in the House, on Tues day, was 29, the numbers being—for the new duty. for the old duty, 35 ; majority, 29.-1 am, &c., WM. DIXON, JUN., • Chairman of the \Vine and Spirit Association Liverpool, March 19, 1846. The following are the official documents : " Treasury-chambers, March 18, 1846. " Gentlemen,—l am commanded by the Lords Com- missioners of her 111 , jesty's Treasury to transmit here with the enclosed resolutions, agreed to by the House of Commons yesterday evening, and to direct you to admit the articles therein named, except seeds, either free of duty or at the rates of duty severally specified, under the usual conditions of the parties abiding the ultimate deci- sion of parliament. • _ " I am, Gentlemen, your obedient servant, (Signed) " EDWARD CARDWELL." " Custom-house, London, March 18th, 1816 le forecoinc copy of a letter from Mr. Cardwi one. of t vies to the Lords Commissioners of t of the Treasury, together with a copy of the res House of Commons therein referred to, is transmitted to the Collector and Comptroller at Liverpool, who are to take care that the same be duly obeyed, observing that the additional duty of 5 per cent. is not to be considered applicable to the articles in respect of which the duties have been reduced by the present resolutions. " By order of the Commissioners, (Signed) 16 W. MACLEAD." Extracted from the notes and proceedings of the House of Commons : " 13° die Martii, 1816 " Spirits or strong waters of all sorts, namely, for every gallon of such spirits or strong waters of any strength not exceeding the strength of proof by Sykes's hydrome ter, and so in proportion for any greater or less strength than the strength of proof, and for every greater or less quantity than a gallon, namely, not being spirits or strong waters the produce of any British possession in America, or any British possession within the limits of the East India Company's Charter, and not being sweetened spi rits, or spirits mixed with any article so that the degree of strength thereof cannot be exactly ascertained by such hydrometer, the gallon, 155." On Saturday, the order to receive foreign spirits under protest was altogether withdrawn. Determination of blood to the head, apoplexy, &c. effectually prevented by the occasional use of " Framp ton's Pill of Health," which, by strengthening the action of the stomach, and promoting a healthy and regular di gestion of the food, prevents a recurrence of those symp toms of this alarming disorder, giddiness, oppression of the brain, singing noise in the ears, headache, &c., They are an excellent aperient, without griping or prostration of strength, create appetite, relieve languor, and invigo rate the spirits ; while, to the free liver or sedentary they offer great and important advantages. Sold by all vendors of medicines. i Price Is. lid. per box. See the name of " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London," on the govern ment stamp. TO SIR ROBERT PEEL, BART. LETTER //. By what process of reasoning can you justify the leav ing of your Royal Mistress without advice as to your suc cessor, when you thought proper to resign the office of First Lord. The world can well appreciate the delicacy of your position, and also what was due to that royal per sonage on that occasion. But whatever credit you may claim. or it may concede, on the t there was a duty poit. . . state paramount with every other—a duty which nothing per sonal to yourself, to your political opponent, or to Ma cjneeosptttypwirteisteehllut, could justify your neglect of, and that was, to n ap ls p tr r a is t e ion he , r th M an aj c e e s u t i y d , t b h e at fra a m lth e o d u o g u h t you x‘ c ,h o i u g l s d n ß o ad lo i n ca g l e s c and n d conduct at he shtgedsrer combined—thata)tertit government, udet w t h t i h l e a t t he your country ,would withdrawal oul d d a lieu- •e this were, as it Majestyfo founded one,fnrndod undoubted) dtb f o o t werndmo recent e n l cdw e e na la was oe much ykxpwe stronger, experience: dreadd a more talented, capable, and upright Como &dive adult to what fatality shall we attribute the to shame in .1 the other, a d rea n d But ri recent glorying the House of Commons, when you boasted no, duty to the . only of having smoothed the war for a Whig successor to office, but of having offered your support to him when in. You cannot plead igno rance of the shuffling and destructiytines of Whig govern. ments. You know as well as I do, tri .:t there is not a single page in history of the 'Whig governa;fnt of this country being other than sacrificial of its honour, and prejudicial of its interests. With this practical experi ence, then, and that historical knowledge of them, how could you reconcile the throwing of power into the hands of men who had proved themselves capable of destroying the constitution itself, did its destruction stand between them and office. Reading your character from your acts, the only solution of the riddle is to be found in your extreme sensitiveness to be esteemed a generous adversary. Now, no man admires candour and fair and open dealing with an opponent more than I do. But if this be the exponent of the mystery, it is sheer cowardice and folly, nay, you will pardon me if I tell you that it is worse than folly, it is all but, if not altogether, treason. As much justified would our illustrious duke have been under an impeach ment, had he, with an army of a hundred thousand men, met his great rival for military fame with fifty thousand only on the battle field, and, in the plenitude of his gene rosity, discarded half of his own army to redace it to an equality with that of his a dversary. Such an act of egregious folly would, even though crowned with yictery in the result, have justly cast him his life. And is your act of madness less criminal in itself, or less offensive to your party, than would have been his under the supposed circumstances. On the contrary, it is more aggravated, inasmuch as a battle lost is not necessarily a kingdom forfeited. But a battle of the constitution lost, or rather not fought at all, but surrendered at discretion, and the portals of office thrown open to Whigs and Whiglings, with a monarch educationally tinctured, if report be true, with a predilection for that particular school of politics, this was to open the floodgates of destruction, and pour upon us a torrent which the unity and combined powers of all opposing efforts might not have been able to stay. On your owe confession you have sided with your ene mies, and they will crush you. No country that ever neglected to appreciate and pre serve its religious liberties and privileges intact—that re pudiated truth and fostered error and idolatry—no such ever prospered yet, nor preserved itself from a fall. This is on record ; you have proof on proof in sacred, and again and again in profane, history. Has England ne glected to protect her Protestant truth from the conta mination of idolatrous error. Let Loyola's crape cra vatted disciples now crowding our streets, answer the question. While popish states are driving these vaga bonds away, considering them too dangerous to be domi ciled among themselves, although of the same religion and country, they are encouraged to come hither by tens of thousands. We shall reap the bitter fruit of this libe rality sooner than some expect. Not an angle can we turn, but we meet with the pestiferous presence of these marauders—these destroyers of female innocence, and of all domestic happiness. Shade of the indomitable Luther! could thy disem bodied spirit once more revisit the glimpses of the moon, behold the havoc made by our statesmen and our bishops with that religious liberty for which thy mighty mind and firm heart had so nobly contended and so successfully won, with what ineffable grief wouldst thou be over whelmed at the eagerness manifested, in this our day, to fling back those Ii erties and privileges purchased for us by thy persecutions and our English martyrs' blood. Ro - na . an Catholic relief and reform bills, aided by that theatreAm n a t c i h . i c n o e or r fn y t c h L e e ag a w t r e e d al beeyaxgpestiferousof madeßt p e e p a a l t papacy s cs syocncoi now t v it n t o tr n ry s y i a nt n hg d e. t The struggle is commenced, a struggle heralded by the Oxford heresy and the Tracts for the Times —counte nanced by England's Prime Minister, aided and abetted by half her bishops and a large number of her clergy—all these proclaim at once that the hour of England's peril is at hand, that she is in extremes—that her glory is depart ing —that a short time will suffice to blot her out of the map of nations, and make her a tributary and a colony of a greater and mightier than she. This involves a previous bloody intestine struggle, which, methinks, even you may live to see. How far your then feelings may tell you you have contributed to the occasion, I will not hazard the conjecture ; but that there is a retribution of poignant inward feeling in reserve for you—for opportunities lost, for privileges despised, for errors of omission and those of commission—there is not the least doubt on the mind of him who has the honour to subscribe himself your loyal fellow subject, JACOB FAITHFUL. SOUTH LANCASHIRE ASSIZES I On Saturday evening the commission was opened by Mr. Justice Coleridge. The business was so heavy at York that Mr. Justice Patteson could not leave until Sunday. The ceremony, which, as usual, occupied only a few minutes, was attended by Wm. Standish Standish, Esq., of Duibury Park, High Sheriff, and the Mayor and Town-clerk. O n S un d ay, M r. Justice Coleridge attended divine service at St. George's Church, accompanied by the High Sheriff in a most splendid equipage. The sermon was preached by the Rev. J. S. Masters, rector of Chor ley, , the High Sheriff's c h ap l a i n . Th e reverend gentle man s discourse was an e arnest appea l i n favour of scrip tural education. H e conten d ed that education without religion the e w Diocesana s an called upon the publi c to support Sund ay an d d ay schools, and competent teachers, and to contribute to the building and enlargement of churches. He said that the Bishop of Chester was about to issue a letter to every minister in his diocese, with the view of arousing the clergy to in creased efforts in the matter of erecting and enlarging churches ; and he called upon the laity to assist the bishop and the clergy liberally, in order that adequate spiritual provision might be made for the whole body of the people. The procession returned from the church in the same order as it had proceeded thither. Mr. Justice Coleridge aga'n attended afternoon service at St. George's, when the sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Monk. The calendar contains the names of 62 prisoners. Of this number 2 can read and write in a superior manner, 2 can read and write well, 22 can read and write imperfectly, 17 can read, and 19 can neither read nor write. The fol lowinz are the cases for trial set down in the calendar : Murder, 3; manslaughter, 6 ; cutting, striking, and wound ing, 15 ; assault and robbery, 7 ; burglary, 9 ; rape, 3 ; bigamy, 7 ; feloniously damaging property, 2; perjury, 2; forgery, 3 ; receiving stolen property, 1 ; returning from transportation, 1 ; concealing birth, 1; and mint cases, 2. The trials yesterday will be found elsewhere. SALE OF LAND AT BIRKENHEAD.—The immense sale of land at Birkenhead, consisting of nearly one thousand plots, for building purposes, belonging to Wm. lackson, Esq., took place on Tuesday afternoon, at the Woodside Hotel. It was most respectably and numerously attended. About half-past one o'clock the auctioneer. Mr. F Jiodgson, commenced the business by reading the printed conditions, after which lot 1 was put up. It consisted of 16,022 square yards of land, situated in Slatey.road and Euston Grove, divided into twelve lots, the purchaser to have the option of taking two lots or the whole. Mr. Robert Hughes put up the lot at is., and the bidding was run up to Bs., at which price Mr. Hughes became the pur chaser of two lots. The sale then went on, and eventually about twenty lots were sold for upwards of £7OOO, the price ranging between Bs. 6d. and 265. per yard, most, however, of it being situate in'the outskirts of the town. At the conclusion of the sale, Mr. Jackson stepped for ward, and said he felt very much obliged to the company for the quantity of land sold that day, and the quantity in treaty for far exceeded his expectations. If any of diem were desirous of treating for other portions, he should be happy to meet them on fair terms, provided they intended to use the land ; but he would have nothing - to do with mere speculators. If. however, any one wished to become nurchasers for bona fide building nurnoses. should they require it, he was ready to supply them both with money and bricks. The prices were considered very fair. BIRKENHEAD COMMISSIONERS.—An adjourned meet ing was held on Wednesday night, W. Jackson, Esq., in the chair, to consider some of the clauses to be introduced into the Improvement Bill now before parliament. The Chairman stated that there w;:s a most important dame, in reference to which he felt some degree of delicacy in giving his support. It was to the effect that owners of certain property of the yearly value of £lO, or let to week- ly or monthly tenants, should be rated to, and pay r instead of occupiers. When he brought the matter before them, it was in the hope that all owners would become liable to the rates ; but he was sorry they would be unable to pass the measure, as there were impediments against it in the upper house which would prevent its being carried into effect. He showed from statistics that the township did not get 15 per cent. of the rates on houses at and ux der £2O per year, and thought there might be as good chance, if not a better, of carrying measure embia( £2O and £25, as £lO. After a brief discussion t was altered to £25 and under The . cl that they could never have t man observed ,ffairs efficient- ly conducted, the roads, &c., kept in order, unless they had a rate in proportion to the property. They had now in good order 32 miles of excellent streets, but those would of course require to be kept in condition ; there was also sewerage, and the streets in course of formation, which would involve an outlay of money ; and when all those things were considered, he thought it would require an extra rate for improvement. The lighting and watching rate would also have to be increased, as the extent of building going on and new streets making, would require about one-third more lamps than they had at present. He had no wish that a separate rate should be levied for sew erage. He concluded by saying that he could not help but hope that in the ensuing year they would have an in crease in the ferries, which might be beneficial to the t the a t o u w t li n o s r h i i s p i n . g I t n h e c allusion om m to have it chairman said he thought it would bebetter clause 17 altered to XlOO.OOO, which was agreed to, an d waslaltered accordingly. istosiothneer'scltaousbeoirnrotwhe 1.570007 d