The Northern Daily Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-09-24 00:00:00

GURATION or THE THE OLDHAM LYCEUM. Were only the vehicles of thought. The stores of thought ---.. accumulated in our own tongue were already immense. Th e i n The foundation of a rational and complete education lay Monday.anguration of: t,lle I nornin the Oldham Lyceum, took place on it the knowledge of natural laws, as deduced from It was ceitebrated by a procession and lunch in recorded facts. A knowledge was first necessary of those Amon g the & and by a tea party and soiree in the evening. laws by which the organic world was governe& an ti 6 so guests invited, among, vverand who honoured the sere- which regulated astronomical, geologieal, and chemical 'William 17 Le,rd Stanley, M.P., Sir J. K. Shutt lewortll, phenomena; next, of those laws which controlled organised (In ?, w . J• r° .,„%irli, Esq., M.P., James Heywood, Esq., existence, a branch which included physiology in all its ' - ' l° °l ar a' or, Esolo ALP., J. M. Cobbett, Esq., M.p. departments; lastly,.a knoivledge of all which, for want blABcottish ~ "4_, Lieutenant -Colonel Burns (sons of the of a recognised term, lie would call " socialology," ern rist,en), the Rev. Dr. Vaughan,. and the mayo rs bracing the investigation of social problems, and enabling ni o _ ,fiydter and As hton-under-Lyne. The procession, us to trace the paths along which human action had atia . m"a_flurled the authorities of the borough, the gnests, moved in all countries and ages. In England we needed gad most a n!' the leading inhabitants, formed at the Toren to study man's work less and nature more. Even where ei4,l.lsrouteetter twelve o'clock, headed by a band of music, we applied ourselves to investigate all the past course of i at4ldi a ,, , e 1-ipcl through the principal streets to the new human action, we were in the habit of ascribing too much an exceeding 6% bieh is situate in Union -street. The building is importance to an almost mechanical recollection of facts, style aly handsome erection of stone, in the Italia n and too little to those generalisations which gave past roe a rchitect • • with their sole importance for us. He did not wish i nis f or , , lire, in two stories, unlerground facts almost :an eb se s i rnnts, and attics for class rooms, above which to speak in the language of accusation or of complaint, -oliatt Theory I Y. commanding an extensive range of yet it did seem strange when lie thought upon it, that a Nig fin e two Principal stories contain an exceed tieman might leave either of the great universities of tbil; board , , ,news -room and lecture-hall, besides the club, nation, after a school and college training, which together briv ai nn Other rooms. The cost of the building has been had extended over more than ten years, an accomplished . orth,s of 5,000 i. The proce'ssion arrived at the front do o r classic, an able mathematician, yet wholly unacquainted 41 % n u i ew buil ding a little before one o'clock at noon, when with external nature, ignorant of the principle upon which Arte,`wlakt,t_Proceeded to deliver an inaugural address, a steam engine was . put together; ignorant even of the Iltir e C u l .e .th e president showed the visitors over the mechanism he carried . about with him in his own body, Whi ch t "mg, occupying the time until the luncheon, and utterly unversed in the first principles of the law of h 'was p a ° r ° t _, place in the Lecture Hall of the Lyceum. and the land under which he lived. He (the chairman) was 4i ng beZen of by about 300 persons. Several toasts one of those who said, give . us a little more of this kind of ~I,Gorci St pro posed and responded to, knowledge in the first instance, and let the ornamental ratir Perit Y proceeded to propose the toast of the (lay, part of the teaching come later, if there be time and incli - nation f,-,... 44 Yr . .. % ) ( Zeilio nt fYrotorrt Oldham Lyceum." ft,,,,0,-, mn4.,,1-.,,,1 4,„ n ..Cle) '` at the ' Wieder( I,44;taehiCOPf " t ho :! 'll g C he might say to t tery, that whethl t or the n~al3, «~i C Fr.~f 1 magni uth y with which ti ado l i nist noi eto . • a tiet say ~,,,._ Torwe:ftilly aeCOli. 1101.4f,'„' , an d, 10016 duce,-" intellect In ar i „ e fe lt at a lei PartaitVaDge ade qua 1, ti. Th e t of exaggeration. w. b oast of the ' County Mem.l)erc, - tau. Ile ktiToWn, r,,q., ALP., w-ds ,- diled upon t 9 r , :spon es d s . ?rthin 44,0 was his duty t , ,7, thank them for their kyida e I) rig t he Presnt toast. He referred to the infancy l ar it 14110001 ' vr.,. and stated that at the meeting la" ktsre,sttablif:otn'enTtth'emr,e were only present Dr. Currie 41te ? 1.. . -Js ene, when the former moved, , and and.ve t ed votedthe L the rer'•o PoWer as chairman ; the latter moved v er *o Turn into office as secretary, and assed a num ir,' W tiff,"leresting resolutions, which went before the pub d - Z_lliar it a ppeals, and were very liberally respond . e ih' 0,,, w as the origin of the Liverpool Lyceum, which k, ac k li th„ (l uing an important work. 'When they looked -'0 v.uund that times had greatly chanyed since 'God'tZ"eti those who were sent out to Virginia thanked /34te 1118 to t r :„ W elre no public schools in the country which riat, 'nett future home; or when some of the Pres -bniltilins2!cotland re s aonstrated with Xing Charles for 411,...„t0tgtx)-gerLehaeti.yeu.s.toln ot burning witches. Times had ;:auto of,. .meethat period. He next related an 7log a , ' ll .l av ehol der, who found one of his negroes iiegid W 481114 . ii tree. On w taxing him with idleness, his was not idle, but engaged in doing 1:1411„°1_4, and age e atillustration of the value of his ser- Ctit' -;d'lentioned to his master the fact that his head . or tht - f ", enabled some of the slaves to do their work in Te et u ll ou - RlT: f t t h h ey ha.d pre o v w iou h s e ly ng required for it. When lata.nrittrivvoubs_ela_ I taken to educate the s . e ses lP , a l ! i n e s di n d hope that the day was not far wstie e0p,711.11 tins country would send out to out transat ,:as th; "ins More of the result of their head wo h rk at t t h h a i n s - °4nt - ea se at tk-• 1'37 w__ present, for he was of opinion t 1 14 t kiim " now receiving more in the shape of results of tt t1141 :1 te•fr°ol America, than England was sending in w.,sauc t ...%, hat did they think of the operations of the first 1-M ah - 1 8'ne ? The little boy who attended it, and had to ctLn he s ,',. shut off the steam naturally was fond of pl y, ,19,,-41tritai_head.to vi . rork, and connected a string with a u w o , r. ,-, n order . that it might do his work b: c n . a,,, t‘ Was such institutions as this that had to do ""411110,1,434‘deln,fai:rying forward the work that was to make be pied totvnueut on the labour of . his hands, and more h g i ntii n , uls head ; and the labouring classes were now ,eeesg,,,g tuoronghly to understand that capital was as :P7 i ty.,t. o labo • k'll as labour was to the pros h!, leil'aq, attitieciraerut o a f it n c d ap s ita l l But as their time was not there * were those around him It°llSZidt litl,_a_ke na u he ch n ' -e i w etterspeeches than he Gould, he -Nat loud I°lager detain them. (He resumed his seat !'on„ eld i n tk _ p par oo o . y 11 448 illt :o t s „ , ‘ ba l' el l e i Prj I n : a u' I l s. Q . 2f the b r ü b i 1 d ,800 i l ig a persons,tSw c h uapwmaeredtsinogf. 'tlio.air,'"..,re present. Lord ._t_anley, M.P., took .1:0e preent.williana Brown, Esq., M.P., was amongst aeltlirotioStailley, AI the first speaker. After bepSeralh:.F his- enth ' usiLtic welco . me, he said that last th.,4`4111 wh ose Lue pleasure to see the first stone laid of that ^-vt.eru't•e in aucturation they now celebrated. It was, a.d.„:',-, noubly Ezb 'fv . rig to him to witness the or tilz"'" With whierhatc,Vham had seconded the designs \thief, tlustitutiou'a founde,.s. From the rapidity with i lte , l, 4110 undertaking had been commenced and c.pm olvi3 taph e Y could not as yet estimate the number of those it2'-• th e h•tt hereafter attend the lectures, avail ti: a a a Saea : u b ra i l 7 l i pr h lart . a• Partake of the instruction of the e. I judge from the accounts whi est hat t io a n che d him e 1.11-lig itdaN,h believed the facts to b, abutslva i n 1 he ola d t building e the number of subscriber: ~,s-els -el OO, 'Mt less than 600 names had d eb ttdied since the occupation of the premise '3" had that day visited. "5...-- 1- "" or 1, absence of part )le sr to th.) I nal results which ,d more knoWledge of themselves, ,d, there would be far less disease orld ; for every one who broke a low to speak to them of t to its m .uowingty, a hundred broke it in sheer ignorance. After a further eulogium upon such institu tions, the noble lord concluded by wishing, with all co diality, prf,sperity to the institution whirl that day inaugurated they had rai other gentlemen addrested the meeting, including K. Shuttlewerth, 'qr. J. Haywood, M.P., W. Fox, Mr. C,,bbet, M P., &c., &c. REPORT ON THE PATHOLOGY OP THE DISEASES OF THE ARMY IN THE EAST. When the full extent of the sufferings of our troops, luring the first winter of the war in the Crimea, was confirmed beyond dispute to the people of England, it was felt, after the first burst of indignation had passed away, that these experiences would not be in vain if they but led to the rectification of the abuses in our system of " routine" and defects in our military organisation, out of which so much evil had arisen. We know, however, what generally is the fate of good intentions ; and when we see how fast the incidents of the recent struggle with Russia are being lost in the pomp and brilliancy of the coronation of its Czar, we fear that the good intention of our government and people to "put their house in order,'' and keep it so for all future time, will be no exception to the rule. It is well that our memories should be jogged now and then, even though the reminiscences should be disagreeable, and with that view we purpose making a few extracts from the report on the " Pathology of the Diseases of the Army in the East," which was presented to Lord Panmure in March of the present year. The report is the production of Dr. Robert D. Lyons, who, though still a young man, has long acquired a distin guished position in his profession in Dublin, and who, from his deep study of the pathology of diseases, was eminently qualified for the onerous and important task entrusted to him. In April, 1835, he, with two assist ants, the first of whom was Dr. Aitken, proceeded, under the directions of Lord Panmure, to Scutari, to make pathological researches into the diseases of the army of the East. He arrived at Scutari at the close of April, 1855, and found that all but the expiring embers of the terrible epidemics of the past winter had disappeared. After some time spent in the investigation of disease at Scutari. Dr. Lyons felt that for a due and complete appreciation of the pathological character of the diseases of the army of the East, and for the determina tion of the most important medical questions connected with their nature and origin, the lnatcriel presented by ospitals at Scutari at that period did not suffice, and he accordingly proceeded to the Crimea, in June. At .Pohlt i....., .... be eo„t' Niel'? in hick): these institu. atiee."spertd, and tow which he attached !Due" -- ,„nat n n ,„, e t them recollect what modern society was,an .n a the,.'lsse -"Lu'ern labour wq Men were brought together I s. vse;r..theY were - e - m s p . lo i yed in mechanical pursu t of 'gat N 7 11^rfeetion of the y work done, and the eau iltlihtr•-''''etion--o,iviai of e labour carried to the hig s o h e u e s st ; ~.t° thaite,h,ded to render' occupation more monotonfety, ti04444t1-a-rZ(i.ihtteoll;ct'i, cr av a i e n i l v osti h m r u a l .:a u , s, asking kittfulile W ant of he i intellectuavla.itlneaacs uqecatefor thought, was a stat t e quite t 1111,44„_enst0,L°th.e Shabitually inert temperament Collie were labour of thought. kt we the vast ‘4ll l l'e colle ct 1 ; Masses of intellectualWhat,then, men and women d t s s ent ? e( ,ti towns ? W hat were our n o a r ti n oe x a t l tn tone t .' Re was afraid he must say none, .oy.. h - o ellt oft ar e n the simplest of all ple?.s l ures, the enj The leisure , I tt's 1,, rural beauty was rarely possib e. " t hUs ' these districts ' fell mostly at night, when 9ut-doo r r . Illh°411:3;111}it: tWoewroe infatypdropriate Even if the neighbou d more: facility for them than I °t• 41(111, there %Asa Wantingere something besides teaching, 1.41448e0„,ae Willing to be instructed ; we wanted rational 'le wit`oent for those who desired only to be interested. forward tlt;',ltel sopt aahanied of putting it prominently 104psretveakjeee4teci14'./11c.h the ought to keep in view. lealth 'tll e atl on , .lease ygenerated, life shortened, by . the . to; • °3.. pipits which fell upon an unexcited ext . st w and er uted for want of cheerfulness . as plants died get ~,,,,,°flight. , might diki,--I,,ical testitnronhatinwas a fact, to which they 0f " 4. 37 " 6.ncling leyasurespl,e--nty.part a diffi lt en w lty as ar t i o sin t g hi . svery in the Pave, ~ge aecidebtsPof our social state—in th e of ml energ rereflective but somes.vb.a. serious part ou t to ;' )( 4 Deotildettli Whichleoriniariely centuries . had distinguts . hed teteN4ive social is nation,—that he ascribed that habit of atroaeh uhoindulgence w.iich are s st H il e l the principal affirmed, then, 8 444 14 t4ri‘ °Ur.nsorals and ma 0 4 . ay, ins Y: point of view, in nn te e l r lec . tu . al, moral, even 0 ) . a ,titutions such as that was intended to be, -.'4l ' "la!, Partl literary, useful to the few who . studi a e s d tttOtisilest• attraet7 kni,,,enie bt, , . lye to the many whose . chief aim w h., kll4. ' 4 4ti at ''ad in both those capacities . a real and su telrlit ili e e n ,4 4ltl c e la • ss X , le t i h r et le r ct l u en re d s f , ng th . etr a r s e n a o ding.room, h4,?nit,.....Public usefulness he hoped it vrvh library—for that titi', or w"1111. each draw to them uc i. eeh proposed p o . 1.4t1a3,, thflerent l s The s es ablis e h . r m s' e t nt of an rptl.4el‘,44l74e'vle..celoa, a c pe ople ' s If e, call it what they 4t Dielitury, Zhilarhge townin England, ceg was no longer a or dispensed with r t° l f °4l'4BBllr ; e ' bu t head migh t )eco e enjoyedean essential , i (4 h cle`4l organis t" al He denied that these instit o _ tio_ ad b._ ~ a ion. an integral . pa n t . kkintiatecrl a fdonre. With all the disadvantages ! tb,,with o_7 l eatis of support, with no permanent fundb, 4 titr, tetiehrY one-half of the people prepared to receive to.,;thev ttgi these literary institutions n had w i e n r c e re h a e r n d g ‘ude ow numbered 800, and ,1 41 kitt 1 ,, 1 41 v of °I vast -' e 4 I In hi opinion th n el e r w sp o ti e that they were -. 8 0 ,.,. - - , to hn,, enlargemen . es re of action ''ersiilety t v e r, ortn, as s He held regar t de tha t t Les di set‘ same functions with those which the un d the more numerous clas t ! ,4 (ei, nie.,rna,fced as regardedthe more wealthy. First, uer sd ciltai ter uers of every religious wy denomination met ilgthe edWith tr,p,s• Next, that they started unincum e. T4;4tionapions, taking as t eir point of departure ua d b (le holle I dcas not of any former, but of the present h free, or l 'lrl t clo Ti ci t hey would not rest sa t ti h s l fi l e s d . with . ; what Der 3 ' trte r e, but endeavour to es a katisuAs w ho l hl k a . rY . for the use of the hundred thousand } laq „ este r; 8 <rAbited this town and its neighbourhood. places where it Ila 'i,t t her 4 t4h''-ord, Liverpool, Bolton, even Warrington, grlt h a . h eeti r,„`'e exaMple. Out of eighteen. o ve teen been '`uP(?sed to put the act of pTiament in force, !e lt , 114 intafreled in thirteen. witness that no libr`,ll.eo. h,;i our years, he could bear Having watched the a4,:pe, ha:,l 2.e.eurred within his knowledge . where free support, and to obcer ti ie `-' 4111 ed to command public ca",;cted t ""Pose Of t heir establishment. If a rate were A -vital el, Much • • by private means. `l - of *260,.. witmint b 11311(1 et of u 000 ovuoitdrgeisvee;doeaetethe lowest estimate, a begin with ; and a thou )oe atiml 'l . B at only 4s year y, w '° übserkb 4 n lwould supply au In it ". ar e f 3' sufficient to defray all necessary expenses. tj,mat e;'4l3Ported library was preferable, first, because . -Adl --B'' alon could it be made absolutely free , Dtmi• Y, bee e Co u le d ause that mode of support gave to it a more li e I • 11 Rot iptc:l/91ar. character. Next came the question, 41 0 Lhourpk,...eir institution, what were they to teach ? 1). 4 4 1(1 k''_," ' s t desirable that intelslethelteuaLacyo;mpetition and he tiO4/4, tuh4et;inaulat . ed in every . possible Niwe ro 4 'e, wiry peculiar pleasure, that examina -4 i. 4 1 . to take place, tb,,, atitude should b given to individua tilt' '' svi 1, taste. What and prizes awarded. n , i loiti,, . &eel to learn, he would learn l better, more 11.4 e - ' 'nu With profit to himself, than what . he t. ('ttlrt(43lt to st dn2"e p the recommendation . o allitteß•ro,B4b.ieetutoYthnetreqiujraillifieenation, he would meatior e i 0 * tha-itots would be most likely to be of service. forli tnitte4e,.nere were to be French cla.ses, and others staPg of laiN•uages, He was far from depreciating I,''.4e wh',leS ; their interest and use were greateven to who tra 4;illeci Cuts Where atfo2h:maen;d faornpmorotruenfiotry those were limited, Ivltetnere no special inducement existed, he doubted doe rt. •.e •..4e acquirement of other languages was the most -1 1' or profitable branch of study. Words, after all, this stage of his report he observes that " the constitution of the soldier in the Crimea had undergone the influence of agencies which, for a long period at least, sensibly depressed it below the average physiological standard, and the effects of which gave a marked character to the diseases from which he suffered ; " and, further on, he says, "it seems undeniable that the circumstances in which the British army was placed during the winter of 1854-55, were such as of themselves directly to induce the invasion of disease on a large scale, and in a malignant Not only was this so in reality, but even after the import- lapse of months; and when such causes had ceased to operate directly to any large extent, their effects were still manifest in the unstable health of the sonityr, his impressionability to morbid influences, and more especially in the behaviour of his constitution under the attacks of disease. These agencies told most fearfully on the constitutions of the young and immature, who formed a very considerable proportion of the strength of several regiments," in proof of which Dr. Lyons gives the follow ing return as a general average. He says—" The joint numbers on the occasioa of tha assaults on the grand Redan, received into one hospital in the field, amounted to 664, embracing. all variety of gun-shot injuries —and some of the very worst kind. Of this number of men, the average age was 24i. But this statement would give ,only an adequate view of the actual youth of a great proportion of them. 61 were under the age of 20, of whom one was only 17, and the rest varied between 18 and 19; 75 were of the actual age of 20 years. Thus, of the whole, considerably more than one-fourth were actually only 20 years of age and under; .76 were found to be between 30 and 40, inclu sive ; two were of the actual age of 40, while one was stated to be 48, which is at least doubtful. The re mainder, constituting a little more than two•thirds, were of various ages between 20 and 30, the majority inclin ing to the former rather than the latter. These results show a very high proportion of immature youth, such as, I have no hesitation in saying, it is not consistent with any sound physiological principles to expose to the severe trials and hardships of actual war. Amongst them disease finds a rich and easy harvest." Reasoning from these facts, Dr. Lyons recommends that the soldiers, under all circumstances, but chiefly when enlisted at an early age, should be qualified for the hardships of war by a term of service at home, or on a secondary foreign station, and he argues that trained at home, and gradually inured to the fatigues of the soldier's life, by a suitable rotation in the selection of foreign stations, troops could be slowly but steadily brought to a maximum of safe endurance of the hardships of warfare, far above the average of what is now reached. This is a suggestion which, no doubt, the authorities of the Horse Guards will bear in mind, in the selection of the men who are to receive their discharge, consequent on the reduction of the army to the numbers of a peace establishment. After the expression of an unqualified opinion, that no soldier under 21 years of age should be sent to the seat of actual war, and not even then without a previous training and gradual acclimatization in suitably chosen secondary stations, the report goes on to state that, " besides the class of men who, by reason of youth and immaturity of physical development, suffered peculiarly from the toils of Crimean life, there was another class equally unfitted to make effective troops, namely, men recruited at a rather advanced age-25 to 30—from the mechanical trades in densely -populated towns. Such men," the report states, "have seldom enjoyed a vigorous youth ; and from the testimony of medical officers, they are constant applicants for admission into hospital, their constitu tion, never robust, soon giving Ray under exposure and fatigue. They may add to the numerical, but never to the effective, strength of our army ; and it is more than doubtful if they ever repay the labour and cost of their transport, and of their maintenanc e in the field or secon dary hospitals." The marked characteristic of the Crimean soldier Dr. Lyons found to be a premature appearance of age. The veteran of 40 would be readily taken by the inexperienced for the old man of 60 to 65 ; the youth of 20 to 22 wore the settled aspect of 35 to 40. With the haggard features of disease, especially that of a chronic kind, these appearances became still more exaggerated, often to a most marked degree. The report treats, at considerable length, of the various types of di sease which manifested themselves in the army of the East, and gives, under each head, an appendix of cases illustrative of the particular type. It is written 'n? clea r and forcible style, and though treating of subjects of a purely scientific character , u possesses much i e n x t h e i r b e s i t t o e n v e t n h e p fo a r r t the D rn. o L n y - p o r n o s fe a s i s h i o o n ro al g h r e k a n d o e rw. ledge I t of the character o f d i sease, and convinced that ta r nc te more be appreciated. more will it is studied the we its are i value and mpor- NORTHERN TIMES. ---LIVERPOOL, WEDNESDAY. LIVERPOOL FINANCIAL REFORM ASSOCIATION IMPLIMACY NOT A FINANCIAL QUESTION. The council hag bad under considetatiOn art attacT ipon the Association, made by the editor of a London weekly paper, on the supposition that its prOtest against secret diplomacy implies an opinion that all negotiations whatever should be patent to all the world, at every step of their progress, from first to last. The council never proposed or droamt of anything so absurd. What it did, and does, protest against, is the system under which ambassadors and other diplomatic perSoriageS abroad, acting in conjunction with ihiriist. Ts at home, frame and Conclude treaties, offensive and defensive, with foreign nations, of which treaties, or at !cast of their stipulations, the people and parliament of this country are not allowed to know anything until, according 'o the modern ministerial theory, both are irrevocably bound in honour to abide by their conditions. It was held that, how ever secret the negociations, up to a certain point, no treaty should be considered valid or binding until all its provisions have received the assent of the nation, through its representatives in parliament assembled ; that the crown has no right to bind the nation without such assent; and that the assumption of such right is a modern Usurpation. With reference to the further objection, that diplo. macy, whether secret or open, is a matter quite foreign to the province of a Financial ReforM AsSoclation, it was observed that inastthich a§ diplomacy makes treaties, whilst treaties often involve wars, and wars are very expensive, diplomacy is, in fact, a very financial sort of thing, t.) say nothing of the very large sums spent on the persons employed in it, or of the very inadequate and often worse than useless services which they render in return. A strong opinion was expressed, that the whole system of resident ambassadors and ministers, Which has never produced any good at all compar able with the evils it has occasioned, should be abolished ; that the ordinary communications between governments might very well be transacted by post or telegraph ; and that, for extraordinary occasions, special ministers, or delegates, chosen only for their special aptness and qualifications for the business in hand, miOt be employed. The parallel recently drawn, by an American paper, between the famous Bear of Berne and the diplomatic Bull at Washington, was considered strikingly apropos; for, just, as the people of Berne dis covered, quite accidentally, that their canton could exist and prosper without constantly maintaining a living bear as its palladium, so the people of America and Great Britain have found out, to their great sur prise, that they can transact their business quite as well without a resident minister at Washington as with one, and get on much mere comfortably into the bargain. I COLLISION OF THE FALCON & IMOGENE TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN TIMES Sir,—lt is not my wish to discuss the merits of this nnforttinate collision - no one can regret it more than I do; but, when the proper time arrives, / hop,t to prove that the fault lay with the sailing vessel, and not with the sterner, There are, however, some passages in the letter of William Jenkin, in your paper of this morning, Which of necessity call for a reply from me, because they are untrue, and are calculated to raise a prejudice against the Falcon and myself. It is untrue that I stood on for fully two niiies before the speed was slacked or the ves gel rounded to. She was rounded to as quickly as possible, and I ranged up alongside the Imogene, and asked if she was "all right." The reply was, that her foreholid was but she was built in compartments, and all was right, and that I could tow her to Liverpool. I then got a boat out, and sent her to the vessel. Having been thus informed that there was no danger to the ship, I secured my own vessel, which had been damaged on the star bDard side, near the water's edge, and I had to stop the holes with blankets and tallow. I had also to put my vessel before the wind, expecting every moment that niy foremast would go, but I kept as near the ship as I could. As soon as I saw signals froM the Imogene, I again am:it-niched her, so Close, indeed, that my paisetigers were alarmed. I was than told that she was sinkiri4, and immediately afterwards, her boats came alongside, my biat having again been alongside of her ready to render assistance if necessary. Ido not believe that any of the Imogene's boats Were stove alongside the Falcon, and I think that Mr. Jenkin's imagination has been at work, when he says " that Captain Willi iins requested me not to drown his men before his eyes.'' Nothing of the kind was said to me, as I did all in my power to save them. I mal:e due allowance to Mr. Jenkin for the ex2itement which such a scene produced upon him ; indeed, all were greatly excited; but I doubt if Captain Williams or any seaman would bring any accusation against me of want or humanity ; and all I ask is, that the same allowance which I make to Mr. Jenkin should be accorded to me, seeing that I did not know but that my own ship might be in danger df sinking, and I had 165 passengers under my care. to regard to the charging for refreshments, the enclosed letter from the steward is a complete answer to Mr. Jenkin's statements, and the enclosure No. 2 will show you that my own passengers do not accuse me of unseamanlike conduct.—l am. sir, yours resprctfnlly, WILT.IAM JOHN HYNES, Master of S.S. Falcon. TO CAPTAIN HYNES. Sir,—l beg to deny the statements of William Jenkin, which appear in the NORTHERN DAILY TIMES of this morning. The facts are as follows :—Early in the niorti ing four of the passengers applied for and received each a glass of brandy, for which I made no charge. I also asked Captain Williams if he Would take any wine or spirits, and he replied that he had not tasted any for fourteen years. He afterwards told me to supply his passengers with breakfast, for which he said he would pay. When you bad time to attend to me, you told me I was not to make any charge; and accordingly, between six and seven in the morning, the passengers were supplied by me in the first cabin (to which they had free entrance all the time they were on board) with hot coffee and bread and butter as much as they required, and they told me they would do very well until they got to Liver pool. I asked Captain Williams if he wont.] not breakfast with our cabin passengers, but be declined. Afterwards he took breakfast by himself. The mate and steward had their breakfast with me in the pantry, and they were each twice supplied with spirits, and nothing whatever was named, as to pay, either by them or ire. The crew passengers, also long supplied aft e with hit daylight, againentice and b applie( r i e t a o d. me T r h o e r spirits, and I then consitlered that I was doing right to charge them, as I believed they were tie same four to whom I had previously given spirits ; but, of course, with men whom I never saw before, I cannot be certain as to this. I believe that each of these four men had four glasses of spirits during the morning. I made no charge, and rec-ived no money, from either Capt. Williams, his crew, or the passengers, except for the extra glasses of spirits from the four passengers.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, GEORGE TILLETT, Steward of the S.S, Falcon. P.S.—Since the above was wri:ten, Captain Williams has been on board the Falcon, and has valuntarily given me a gratuity for my attention to himself, his crew, and passengers. This, I think, is a sufficient proof that they were well treated on board the Falcon. G. We. the undersigned, cabin passengers by the Falcon steamship, Captain Hynes, witnessing his cool and seamanlike conduct after the unfortunate collision with the Imogene, Captain Williams, desire to bear this oar testimony to the skill and anxiety he evinced in rendering to the passengers of both ships every assistance in his power, end also to his exertions to save the property, if possible : H. H. O'BRYEN. Jonx BRADSHAW, 167, Strand-road, Cork. RICHARD B. GIBBS, Crook, near Darlington W. DORMARD, Glasgow. THOMAS DOWNS, HiEr.ll street, Newcastle, Staffordshire. THOMAS MURPHY, Cork. • --•-• JOSHUA PENDLEBURY, Heaton Norris, Lancashire. LIVERPOOL POLICE INTELLIGENCE (BEFORE MR. J. AIKEN.) BREAKING WlNnow&—Two ruffians, named George Fairelough and William Cosgrave. were charged with breaking the windows and doors of the house of Mrs Fairelough, residing in Gildart's-gardens. It appeared that the prisoners, without any provocation, went to the door of cotnplaistant's house, broke it, and several squares of glass. They were fined 15s each. No UsE IN KNOCKING.—A young man, named Daniel Murphy, was charged with having assaulted police con stable 95. It appeared that the prisoner went to the door of the Adelphi Theatre in a state of intoxication. and wanted to enter the house. The 'officer refused to let him in, when he commenced a furious knocking at the door. The officer told him there was "no use knock ing at the door down there," when the prisoner said there is some use in knocking you " down there," and, suiting the action to the word, he " tumbled" him. He was fined 10s. A SATAGR —George. Smith, a rather well dressed young man, was charged with maliciously stabbing a donkey, in Vauxhall-road, on Sunday afternoon. A little lad, who was minding the donkey at the time, said the prisoner and two other men were passing. The prisoner attempted to ride the donkey for sport. Failing in this, he pulled out a knife, and stabbed the poor animal once at the back part, and once in the fore part. The wounds were not very serious; but they had to be sewn up, and the donkey could not work for some days. The men laughed while the prisoner was doing this. Police officer 704, said, from the statements of the boy, he apprehended the prisoner on Banastre-street bridge. The prisoner strongly declared he was not the man, but, subsequently, it was proved beyond all doubt, that he was the person who committed the outrage. The officer, however, said the prisoner had made compensation to the owner of the ass, and he would not now appear to prosecute. His Worship said, the prisoner was a great savage, and he would fine him lOs and costs, and if the prosecutor had appeared the punishment would have been much more severe. MORE FINES ON MR. DOHERTY.—Mr. John Doherty, corn merchant, was again summoned before his Worship, yesterday, for infringing the dock laws, by laying corn down longer than allowed. The amount of fines inficted on the defendant was £43 and costs. (BEFORE. MR. T. BOLTON.) A " LUMINARY." —A young fellow, having the appear ance of a sailor, who gave his name as James•Nish, was charged with having stolen a lamp belonging to the corporation. It appeared that a trench was being made in Simpson-street, for the water works, and that lamps were placed at each end to prevent accident, and the watchman was so vigilant, that the prisoner walked off with the lamp, as he stated, to light him home, and what attracted the attention of the officer was the zig zag. motion of the prisoner with the lamp, which he at first supposed to be the tail of the coming comet ! It seemed, how ever , that it was a " spree " on the part of the prisoner, and be was fined 2s. 6d. CAUTION TO P AWNBROKERS.—Two females (sisters), named Jane Gerrard and Eliza Pearson, were charged with stealing nine unfinished pairs of trousers, which h , ad been g i ven to them to make by a woman named Ellen Baines. It appeared that on Saturday evening the property, consisting of twelve pair of unfinished trousers, was given to the prisoners —some of the articles were pledged at Mr. Syred's, Park-lane, and some at Mr. Bolton's, 13 ridgewater.street ; more were sold to brokers for eightpence and tenpence a pair. The pawn tickets were found on the prisoner Gerrard. The evidence against the prisoner Pearson was not deemed sufficient, and she was discharged. The other prisoner was sent to gaol for one month. Mr. Clough said it was highly improper on th e part o f t h e pawn b ro k ers to take into pledge unfinish e d goo d s, w hi c h, they must well know, had been improperly come by. It was against the law and the tenor of the pawnbrokers' license to take unfinished goods into pledge. Mr. Bolton: Then the property must be returned without any payment. A young man from Mr. Syred's said the prisoner stated the property was her own. Mr. Bolton : Sir, you must well know that she could not get the property honestly, and you must suffer th e l oss o f your a d vance on th e goo d s. I trust it will warn you in future. ANNUAL REVIEW OF TUE TRADE AND large proportion of the crop has COMMERCE OF NEW ORLEANS. delciency in the crop is 115,208 stock on hand at the close of last beads, and this amount added to beads —would make a supply of distribution of this supply, as nearly been as follows :—Shipments to and including the exp,rts fro By the arrival of the Niagara we have obtained an ela borate statement of tha trade and commerce of New Orleans, for the year ending Itugtlt 31 1 from which we take the following extracts :—" The extent of the season's operation, and the magnitude of our trade, are partially indicated by the t elite of our produc's received from the interior, and which arnoutfe, according to our annual valuation table. to 144,256,081 dots , ening 117„106,823 hogsheads ; consumr 30,000 hogsheads ; t dols. last year, and 45,7'16,0'45 dols 11;1841-42, This vionld s of the etate' heads ; estimated_ quanti seem to show a very fair ratio of increase for our much abused city, considering the extensive diversion of the pro quota of the West into other channels, and also the fact that the last sugar crop Was more than 200,000 hogsheads short of the maximum product of 1853. This increase in 42,963 ho; the value of our trade,. however, large as it is, is not as great as it should have been, and would have been, had the ragread enterpriles which are now in progress been earlier entered upon and more liberally aided by those having capital at command. We trust, however, that this supine ness will soon yield to a conviction of the neeeisity of more energetic action, and that the speedy completion df the Opelousas and Texas, the Jackson and Great Northern and the Mississippi and Red River railroads, and also the Te huantepec route, will ere long add their contributions to I'hc qu.Anfity inst 121 39,133 posh, a decrease of 8 years, showing til pounds, with the g the proportions taken by At .nd 1,000 pounds take the advanceMent of our city's - prosperity. According to the Custom douse records the total ♦alue of expoes of produce and merchandise of the growth and Manufacture of the United .gf.ates, for the fiscal year ended June 30th, was 110,353,436 dolQ, against 83,120,218 dols last year; but for the crops eisKe thai Mr. P. A. Chauvoinief, showing an increase of 27,233,218 dole, or over 30 per cent. The value of foreign merchandise and specie imported in the same period was 17,183,327 dole. against 12,923,608 dols last "ear; showing an increase of 5,259,719 dole, or about 37 per cent. Of the value of the hundreds of cargoes of domestic and foreign merchandise and produce imported coastwise theta is no rccard (though there should be by requitement of law), but we estimate that the Value of property, including produce, merchandise and vessels that have patted the tncuth of the Mississippi river inward and outward, during the Pant /ear l probably exceeds two hundred and fifty million of dollar;. The operation of the Branch mint during the past year show a further slight decrease in the deposits, but an increase in the coinage. The tot:a deposits of gold and silver for the year ending 31st July, were 2,720,032 dole against 2 938,260 dols the year previous; showing a decreese of 218,238 do's. The coinage during the same time has been, of gold, 67,350 pieces, of the value of .525,500 dole, and of silver, 8,364,000 pieces, of the value of 2,936,000 dols. Total value 3,461,500 dols, or an increase of 1,255,240 dols. " With respect to the i'thket prospects of the coming crops, and the interests of trade generally, attn Conceive that the promise is in a high degree flattering. Peace again prevails throughout the leading nations of the world, and commerce and the arts have asserted their ascendlney In questions of threatening aspect. Of the crops, those of wheat and Indian corn are known to be unusually abundant, and cotton thus far gives fair promise ; but the sugar production must inevitably fall to a very low figure, while that of tobacco will be materially less than the crop of last year. With money unusually abundant, and readily obtainable fir all legitimate purposes, all these crops are likely to meet with a ready market, at remunerating prices, and the cost of transportation to other markets will probably range below the average of last year, as a large amount of tonnage will be relieved from the employment of the Allies." Yoar. 1834 183 . 3 1836 Total Crop. Inclq. rounis 100,000 100,000,000 30,000 000.000 70,000 70,000,000 65,000 65,000,01,0 70,000 70,000 000 115,000 87,001 90.000 1843 1844 1843 115,000 000 87.000,000 000 090 140,000 10G,090 200,000 186,650 140,000 210,000 220,000 247,923 211 303 233,517 321,031 449,324 346,633 231,427 100,000 00( 2oo,t)oo,00 IR4G 1841 1848 1849. 1850, 1851, 1852. 1853. 156.656,00 140,000,000 240,000.000 40,000 0,30 1834. 1835 . 18 , 6 , 1837. 1838 1839 1840 1841 ;84q 1844 1845 1346 1541 1848 1849 1850 1851 1851 1853 1854 1 have 110 cane 269, 166,eicio 231,194,000 2.37,138,000 368.129,000 495,156 000 385 726,000 254.569,000 crop, white snmptiun of foreign sag June, 1856, cannot be 1 Report of Commerc tes in 1855, was 44 p of 1854. 382.000 M 82.000 1 1555, 822.000,000 lbs. A I 1856 w of 1855 year, the fin 'would have beeu 5 the basis of a c nroduct 241,427 be city, as the The es nd VT , p. VVi Av. Ptit 660 0c 99 0 60 0 62 50 62 50 50 0 55 0 40 GO 42 50 mated , u Id here 18 equilated, iT hogshead. 000,000 loomo 4,200,000 5,062,500 4,875,006 5,750,000 4,78.5,000 3,600,000 4 750,000 6,000,000 9,000,000 10,265,760 70 0 9,800,000 40 0 9,600,000 40 0 8,800,000 59 0 12,396,150 00 0 12,678,180 60 0 11,827,350 43 0 15452,688 35 0 15,728,540 52 0 18,025,020 70 0 • 16,199,890 Total .. 3,898,740 4,115,331,01)0 ..... 195,993 868 The following table shows the quantity exported to Atlantic Ports, rind the Western States, together with date of the first arrival of New Clop. Exported to Exported to First Receipt pt's West States. of Hhls. New Crop. 45,560 44,500 Oct 1 5 . 1,.500 23,500 Nov 5 26,300 35,,? 0 0 Nov I 24,500 32,500 Nov 1 , . 26,500 32,500 C4:7! 17 42,600 68,000 Oct 13 - 38,500 46,500 Oct 14 28,000 50,000 Oct 13 63,000 60,000 Oct 12 34,000 52,000 Oct 22 101,000 70,000 Oct 3 79,000 75,000 Oct 45,500 70,000 Oct 7 ▪ 84 000 115,000 Oct 2 90,090 1 08,00 0 Oct 5 .• 90,000 125,000 Oct 11 • , 45,000 123,000 Oct 17 showers, may approach .., excess of cane beyond their require, whether they will sell from their e plants insteid of making sugar, and to no means of estimating. At all events short one—doubtlesa the shortest since . a e s st l i o w s i v at a e s B tr o l o o o d ho is gsh l e 2 a s d , B o , o a o n l a i m o for th e requ i rements of the West alone, and calling for au g o 'i n 'e n a t d a s itog w e i t i h il e e r in, unusually large import of foreign sugars. In accounting tot the decline in the production for years past, it is probable that it may be in souse degree (possibly a very important one) attributable to the detetioation of the plant from the partial exhaustion of the peculiar qualities of the soil necessary for its sustenance. Should this be the case it would be well for planters to supply the deficiency by the application of the proper manures," what ex te 1813 —ae t PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN AMERICA: The New Orleans Crescent gives the following informa tion regarding the production and consumption of home. grown sugar in the United States, and of the imports and consumption of foreign sugar, compiled, it is stated, from one of the most intelligent planters of the State :—" Fully agreeiug with you as to the smallness of the sugar crop of Louisiana this year, I will submit to your consideration and that of your readers some statistics of sugar, which aro compiled from the Treasury and Ciampomier's reports, and eesnt; whits cimdopn mgt. imports tdomestic, tBei exhibit, ocs3fi o o foreignt 0 hlom i , n opuo a ono res e t us o bg n l sad,rsee into,xnsasp, n e eor d xdrt otp f stn 11 , 6 : et m sop , orf treasurytherooo thouoc,to and consumption reportso coo consumption oo t imports sa:s a lut mmm d lppps e tt:siii 3 oool n nan : of foreign sugar in the United States for the five years 379,000,000 lbs ; 1852, imports, 457,000,000 Ibs, exports 9,000,000 lbs, consumption 448,000,000 Ibs; 1553, imports 464,003,000 lbs, exports 18,000,000 Ibs, consumption 446,000,000 lbs; 1854, imports 455,000,000 Ibs, exports 52,000,000 lbs, consumption 403,000,000 lbs; 1855, im ports 473,000,000 lbs, exports 33,000,000 lbs, consumption 440,000,000 lbs. Product of sugar in the United States— export and consumption thereof —from Champomier's and Treasury reports:-1851, products 257,000,000 lbs, ex ports 2,000,000 lbs, consumption 255,000,000 lbs; 1852, products 379,000,000 Ibs, exports 6,000,000 lbs, consump. tion 373,000,000 lbs ; 1853, products 503,000,000 lbs, ex ports 10,000,000 Ibs, consumption 493,000,000 lb., ; 1854, products 393,000,000 lbs, exports 11,000,000 lbs, consump. tion 382,000,000 Ibs; 1855, products 283,000,000 Ibs, exports (no data), consumption 263,000,0 1857, and assurninc, 100,000,000 lbs. the q would be 722 000,000 lbs. I foreign l. sugar in the Unit e d Sta lbs. If en i m p or t o f 721,00G,000 lbs is required in 1856- 57, it will exc ee j t h e imports of 1854,55 332,000000 lbs, or 75 per cent more will be required fr om abroad than i heretofore. I t i s assumed that the crop of sugar made in the United States in 1856 will not exceed 100,000,000 lbs. Owing to the diseased cooditkii of the sugar can e in Louisiana the crop has fallen from near 500,000,00 0 lbs c d w-i s l e l as g e ( cl state of in 1852 to 250,000,000 lbs in 1855 and no well-informed parson can think the crop of 1856 estimate of 100,000,000 ..lbs. made eon icnanel.BsT6heirne Ti d e th - e l very long, cold the cane for several years past, a and wet winter have eraciicate to take it Into was so very little ratgon Louisiana as to make it unnecessary,. . escitna'e of the quantity of cane consideration in an tenting in 1857. Many will becom necessaty ,- to mat" ar f o P f their crops f pelled to put in mat all .0 1856. Few or none will make as much sugar as in 18.55, and nine-tenths can notmake the one-half of what they made in 1851. These f acts patent to all who are informed upon matters r a e r l e ating to sugar in Louisiana. It is quite a common practice to overrate the product of sugar in the United d Dane thne in 1856. If all th e cane now growing was saved for planting states. It will be Ve r y di fficult for any one to un d errate it in 1857, the crop of that year would not amount to the pro duct of 1853. high prices tend to diminish consumption. The capacity to consume was never so great owing to the general prosperity. A rapid increase of population will also have a tendency to prevent much reduction in the import*. tion of sugar. ption ni )00.00 The coming crop tion to the egtent 5, when the bay been a r cuitu r: 18,53 COTTON. Subjoined is a table shoeing the product of low middling to good middling cotton, taking the attrage of each entire year for ten years, with the receipts at New Or and the total crop of the United States : Receipts at Average N. Orleans. Price. Bales. Cts. per lb 740,669 10 1,213,805 1,142,382 61, 837,723 11 99.5,036 11 1,429,183 8 1,661,861 9 1,440,779 1.284 768 1,759,293 f Total Crop, 1816-7 . 1847-8.... _2,347,643 1848 9 2,728,598 1849 50 2 096,706 1850-51 1831-52 1852-53 8,262,882 1853-54 1854•55 185.5-56 estimated 3,520,000 The total receipts ,at this port last from all sources, are 1,759,293 bales. eludes 65,329 bales received from Mobile, Flerida, by see : and this being deducted, our receipts pray , 37,031 bales received direct fiom MontgL &c, are shown to bo 1,693964 bales, being an .._ as compared with last year, of 445,797 bales, and an excess over 1852 '53 of 89,973 bales. The total exports since the Ist of September are 1,795,023 bales, of which 986,622 hales ^re shipped to Great Britain, 214,811 to France, 341,487 to North and South of Europe, and 222,100 to Uoitel States total receipts at all the Atlantic and Gulf ports, .p to the latest dates received are 3.492 658 bales ; but the actual crop, when made up to the 10th of September by the New York Slt,:pping and Commercial List, with the difference of stocks at Augusta and Hamburg, receipts overland, &c., will not be far from 3,520,000 bale ; an increase of 672,661 bales as compared with the crop of last year. The following tables are compiled from our own records, under the impression that they would probably be found interesting to parties engaged in the cotton trade Receipt at Average pr'ce New Orleans. per bale. 979,238 $24 Oc. 1,053,633 32 0 740.669 44 0 1,213 805 29 0 1,142,382 27 0 837.723 50 49 995,036 49 0 1,429,183 31 0 1,664,864 41 0 1,440,779 38 0 1,284,768 40 0 1,759,293 40 0 9 1.16 since the let of September id Texas miery, Wetumpka Seasons 1844-45 1845-46 1846-47 1847-48 1848-49 18-19.50 1850-51 185152 1852.53 Total value. 23 501,712 33,716 256 32,589,436 35,200,345 30,844,314 41,886,150 48.7.56,764 48.59'2.2224 68,259,424 54,749,602 51,390,720 70,371,720 1853 54 1854.55 1855-56 Total 12 yews.. 14,541,373 It will be seen by the above table that the cotton alone, sold in this market within the past twelve years, has yielded a gross product of 539,858,665 dols. $539,858,665 Date of receipt Receipts Total Receipts Total crop of of new crop at. of the First bale. to Sent. 1. New Orleans. Un'd States 1844, July 23 5,720 1844-4.5, 979,238 2.394,503 184.5, July 30 6,846 1845-46, 1,0.53633 2,100,537 1846, Aug. 7 140 1846.47, 740,669 1,778,651 1847, Aug. 9 1,089 1847.48, 1,213,805 • 2 347,634 1848. Aug. 5 2 ; 864 1848-49, 1,142 382 2,728,596 1849, Aug. 7 477 1849 50, 837,723 2,696,706 1850, Aug. 11 67 1850-51, 995,036 2,355,257 1851,July 25 3,155 1851-52, 1,429,183 3,015,029 1852, Aug. 2 5,077 1852 53, 1,664.864 3,262,882 1853, Aug. 9 74 1853-54, 1,440,779 2,930,027 1854, July 25 1,391 1854-55, 1,284,768 2 847,339 1855, July 26 23,282 1855.56, 1,759,293 *3,520,000 1856,Ju1y 15 1,166 *estimate. SUGARS The New Orleans Price Current, of the ht ultimo, has the following review of the sugar trade of New Orleans, for the year ending the 31st ult. :—" The season opened upon unfavourable prospects for the sugar crop, which, according to the annual statement of Mr. P. A. Champomier, was found to be 231,427 hhds, viz., 192,391 hhds brown sugar made by the old process, 23,265 hhds refined and clarified, and 5,771 Iduls cistern bottoms, the last being an estimate of 3 per cent. on the product of brown sugar. The hhds are estimated to average 1,100 lbs; giving a total for the crop of 254,569,000 lbs, or the equivalent of 231,426 hhds, against 346,635 hhds the preceding year. The amount for this year wes the product of 1,299 sugar houses, against 1,324 the year before, and of these 938 use steam and 361 use horses as their motive power. This further large deficiency in the crop has been productive of a higher range of prices than we remember to have been attained since the remarkably short crop of 1835, and thus the aggregate gross returns have been within about two millions of dollars of the value of the previous crop, The first hhd of the new crop was received here on the 10th of October, being only six days later than the first receipt of the previous year, but it was not taken as any indication of the general forwardness of the crop, which was understood to be unusually backward, rendering the grinding late and precarious. And this proved to be the fact, for it was not until the close of October that there were any supplies and sales sufficient to constitute an opening of the market. The early receipts, too, were of an unusually low range of quality, the cane not being well matured, and the unseasonably warm weather during a considerable portion of the grinding season, and the subsequent injury by frost, contributed to give to the entire crop an unusually low average. Under these circumstances the first receipts of the new crop were disposed of with difficulty, as they were not generally sufficiently well drained for shipment, or for grocers' purposes, and at the beginning of November the range of prices were as follows : Inferior, 4c to 41c ; common, 5c to 51c; fair to fully fair, 51-c to 6ic ; prime, Gic to 61c ; choice, 7c to 81-c. The course o f t h e mar k et t h roug hout the season is indicated by the f o ll ow i ng ta bl e , w hi c h exhibits the highest and lowest poi n t s i n eac h mont h f or f a ir to fully fair sugar on the levee, and a l so t h e average pree in each month, f or th e caul© will be seen that sae qualities. It 7c to 7f,c ; clarified, the fluctuations hive been slight, the general course of the market having been upward, and the lowest and highest points being, the former in November and the latter in July. 1855-56 Sept. cents per lb October November December January February March April ..... May ........ . June ...... July ......... . August ...... Highest. Lowest. Average 74t08 61 to 64 71 61 6.. 6 ? 61 N 67 "7 64- 5.-Z 6 5; . .71 .8 .8-1 . 81 91 81 87F The receipts at the levee since Ist September have been 155,319 hogsheads, against 189,742 hogsheads last year, or a decrease of 34,423 hogsheads. This shows that an unusually THE NEW BURIAL BOARD Another attack on the association ;;; mentioned, and briefly commented upon. The editor of the Liverpool 3141 has wrought himself into a rage with it, on the sutp• position that the election of the New Burial Board was its handiwork. He may rest assured that the association had just as little to do with that election as himself; and, furthermore, that if the council were at all doubtful as to their being in the right course, to attain objects good and salutary in themselves, such an onslaught from such a quarter would be quite sufficient to dispel all misgivings, either as to the ends in view or the means of accomplishing them. TILE INCOME AND PROPERTY TAX. The importance of a movement of the commercial, manufacturing, and industrial classes, in reference to the reduction of taxation, which will certainly be demanded. and probably conceded, next year, has been brought under the consideration of the council. It was observed that, if left to himself, the Chancellor of the Exchequer will select the Property Tax for reduction ; but, that he ought to be informed that this is not the desire of the mercantile community ; that it would be much more beneficial to the country to reduce or abolish taxes which are fettering and killing trade, depriving capital of profitable means of investment, and diminishing employment. It was contended that it would be most easy to show that, if this were done, persons paying the property tax—even if that were in creased—would profit to the full extent of what they paid ; whilst, at the same time, the public generally would be greatly benefitted by the immense extension of commerce and manufactures which would certainly be occasioned by the release of many important articles from the trammels of customs and excise. It was sur mised that ministers, if they really are adherents of free trade principles, will he glad to have their hands strengthened by such a manifestation of public opinion ; and also that, if this be withheld, they will probably, for the sake of a little popularity with the unreflecting or ill-informed portion of the tax-payers, reduce, off hand, a tax sound in principle, however objectionable in details, rather than give themselves the trouble of correcting its injustice and amending its defects. UOW WAS IT MANAGED in the course of a conversation on public defaulters and malversations, for whom and which the present systems of public book-keeping and audit afford almost unlimited facilities, it was mentioned as a fact, that an officer in the civil service of the Crown, who had only a salary of £3OO per annum, and no other ostensible means whatever, had, nevertheless, so contrived maters as to become proprietor of nearly the whole of a pretty extensive village, in which he resided, IVERPOOL COUNTY COURT The first sitting of this Court took place at ten o'clock yesterday, before Joseph Pollock, Esq., judge. The following arrangement of the business of the court was made : —Tuesday 23rd (yesterday), fraud summonses and insolvencies• Wednesday 24th, 70 cases at 10, and 52 at 12 o'clock. Thursday 25th, 32 cases, in which the amount claimed is £lO or upwards. Friday 26th. 73 cases at 10, and 47 at 12 o'clock. Monday 29th, three interpleader cases at 10 o'clock. Tuesday 30th, 71 cases at 10, and 49 at 12 o'clock. Wednesday, October Ist, 71 cases at 10, and 49 at 12 o'clock. Thursday 2nd, 70 cases at 10, and 30 at 12 o'clock. Friday 3rd, 87 adjourned cases at 10 o'clock. FRAUD SUMMONSES.—A considerable number of fraud summonses was heard and disposed of. None, however, possessed any public interest. 18 order of committal were made. INSOLVENTS. Henry K. Schiller, artist, Birkenhead, received a final order unopposed. George Abrahams was opposed by Mr. Simon. on behalf of the detaining creditor, Isaac Abrahams. The insolvent had kept a public house. Mr. Grocott sup ported the petition. The petition was for a discharge from custody, and the opposition was grounded upon an alleged fraudulent preference. His Honour held that no fraudulent preference had been proved within the meaning of the act. But he considered that the insol vent had acted improperly, in disposing of his property before calling the meeting of his creditors, and especially in disposing of it to one of his near relations. It happened, however, that the only opposing creditor was a man who lent moneyto the insolvent, knowing that he was in difficulties. He was not one of those who did not think that a man was entitled to lend money to a man in difficulties at a higher rate of interest than to a solvent man. A man who took the risk of loss, was entitled to ask a higher rate of interest. He was very glad that a man might now lend money at any rate of interest which could be agreed upon, and that the usury laws were abolished, because he considered them very foolish laws. But when a man, who lent money, and obtained higher interest upon the ground that the insolvent then was in difficulties, came to oppose him when insolvent on the same ground, the fact of the transaction having taken place between them on that understanding, became pro- perly a matter of consideration. As, however, the court would not be doing its duty, if it did not mark its sense of the impropriety of disposing of property before sum moning the creditors, he should direct that Mr. Abra hams be kept in prison for two months from the date of his vesting order, which would make his imprisonment expire on the 12th of next month. Charles Dillman, late keeper of the Emigrants' Home, Moorfields, applied for his discharge, and was supported by Mr. Daggers. He was opposed on behalf of Mr. Hugh Fitzsimons, the detaining creditor, by Mr. Aspinall, instructed by Mr. Hare. The insolvent was examined at great length in reference to his connection with Mr. Sabel, who formerly kept the Emigrants' Home, the mode in which his books were kept, and certain references alleged to relate to Mr. Sabel's books. Mr. Sabel was also examined, and admitted that he had on frequent occasions paid taxes and tradesmen's accounts for Dillman, hut stated that this was only when the latter was very much pressed, and solicited him to do so. The taxes which lie paid lie stated were paid to retain his vote for the district. Mr. Serle, chief clerk to Messrs. Sabel and Cortis, denied that the references in insolvent's books had any connection with the books of that firm. Mr. Aspinall contended that the connec tion between insolvent and Mr. Sabel was suspicious, and that the latter meant to derive some benefit from the establishment, incurring . no risk, but leaving Dillman to obtain relief from his debts through that court. His Honour did not think a case had been made out against insolvent, but, under the cir,:ninstances, thought there was sufficient suspicion to warrant an adjournment of the petition until the 7th of October, in order that some further explanation might be given regarding the books. Henry Bolton, organ-builder, was supported by Mr. Dawson, and o pp ose d b y Mr. Pemberton, on behalf o f Mr. Minnie. His Honour adjourned the granting of the final order . to the fi rst D ecember court, withho ldi ng protection, in the meantime, as regarded Mr. Minnie's claim. The court adjourned at half-past four o'clock. Some insolvent cases remaining nndisposed of were adjourned to Monday next, at twelve o'clock; We have mat be * e . extreme Ime mark ufficient