The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-12-22 00:00:00

IRELAND. FeREIGN AND COLONIAL. AMERICA.-ARRIVAL OF THE ACADIA On Wednesday morning the royal mail steam-ship Acadia, Captain Harrison, arrived in the Mersey, bring ing New York papers to tne 30th ultimo. The news by this arrival is important. The city of Tampico had surrendered to the Am , ricans, on condition that thrir laws, institutions, and property should be re spected. Preparations were being made to send a garri son of 500 or GOO men, to occupy the city with all possible speed. The expedition against it was commanded by Commodore Connor. It contains about 4,000 inhabi tants. _ . . 'rid, New Orleans papers contain details of the capture. They state that " on the 14th Commodore Perry crossed the bar with the Spitfire, Vixen, Petrel, Bonita, and Reefer, - reintorced from the Cumberland, Nlississippi, Princeton, and St. Mary's. There was no opposition made to toe American arms. The town was surrendered unconditionally. Commodore Connor threw into Tam. pico a force of 150 sailors and marines, and stationed a small flotilla at the entrance of the harbour to guard any approach to the town by sea. . Captain Hetzel, of the Quartermaster's department, has been despatched to Baton Rouge for ordnance and munitions ; and Captain Barnet d, of the Engineers, will repair directly to Tampico to superintend the erecting and arming of the necessary defences." The Acadia brings intelligence of the loss of the steam boat Atlantic, bound from New London to New York, upon a ledge of rocks jutting out from Fisher's Island, during a heavy gale. Nearly forty lives are stated to have been sacrificed. There were six females, four children, and two infants among the passengers, All the females were drowned or crushed to death. Only one of the children, a boy of twelve years old, was saved, and he was the only one of the family of which he was a member. His father, mother, married sister, a younger sister, and two young brothers, were on board. The two infants were drowned, frozen or crushed to death. Amongst those who were lost o❑ this melancholy occasion was the lies. Dr. Armstrong, of New lork. Mr. James Stetson, second captain of the Atlantic, just before the 'vessel struck, was ordered by Capt. Dunstan to go for ward, and at the proper moment let go the chains. At that time the captain stood upon the after promenade deck, giving his orders as calmly and with as little appa rent emotion as if upon shore. All his efforts seemed to be for the preservation of his passengers—his own f.te was joined with that of the vessel he commanded. From that time nothing is known of Captain Dunstan till the recovery of his dead body. The brig Lincoln was lost in the gale, and several of the hands either died or were drowned. It was feared that the Zenobia, tom New York to Liverpool, laden with flour and grain had also been lost. A Kerry paper says, in the aggregate Kerry may be said to have literally ceased all agricultural pursuits. In consequence of the number of victims of starvation, the Belfast Vindicator suggests that the Irish newspapers should appear in mourning sheets. At the repeal meeting on Monday, the rent was an nouced to be £lOl. Mr. O'Connell has written a whining letter about the peace conference. Mr. Smith O'Brien has indignantly refused all compromise. A fine boy, aged seven years, son of Capt. Kennedy, of Newc4stle, Limerick, died a tew days since of hydropho bia, having been bitten five weeks previously by a stray cur dog. - The accounts of the Cork workhouse are in such a con fused and complicated state that the guardians have ap plied to the commissioners to send down an accountant to investigate the whole interior economy of the house, which now contains -1,900 paupers ! One of the hoard as serts there is a defalcation of £€,ooo. SIGN OF POVERTY.—When an Irishman brings his pig to market, it is generally a last resource. From the Ist September last, to the 30th ult., no fewer than 31.014 pigs were sold in Cork market, whilst during the same period last year only 5,781 were disposed of. These animals would not be brought to market in such numbers if their owners had any food for them. A correspondent of the Dublin Packet, writing from the county Leitrim, gives an account of a pitched battle fought on Sunday night week, between the police and a body of armed men, who went to attack the house of a man named Connor, near Cloone. Both parties fired shots at first, and then the police charged, and inflicted several bayonet wounds. They captured two of the ban diiti. Indian corn sellers are making a whacking profit at the expense of the poor. Indian corn was selling at £l6 and £l7 a ton on Friday and Saturday, although a carer) had been just received ex ship at £lO 15s. a ton. To the for tunate buyer the market price would leave £7 per ton, or 75 per cent. This is " the legitimate course of trade" so lauded and protected by the Whig premier !—Cork Ex aminer. On Sunday night, the gamekeeper of Sir Hugh Stewart, Bart., on going his rounds in the demesne of Ballygowley House, county of Tyrone, saw a man armed, who, on being challenged by the keeper and being closed on by him, discharged the contents of his gun with fatal pre cision into the body of the keeper, who died on the spot. Every exertion was being made by the police in the morning to arrest the murderer. ANOTHER FIELD DAY.—On Sunday last, the fowlers " had a field day at Newcastle. A company paraded after prayers, and immediately had a cabbage leaf placed up as a target, at which aim was taken from behind a bush. The firing was very creditable, no less than six balls out of seven having penetrate d the leaf. The go vernment which provides arms ought surely provide targets, and not have vegetables wasted in these times of distress.—Tipperary Constitution. DREADFUL MURDER.—On Monday week Mr. William Lloyd was shot at his own hall door, in the midst of the populous town of Birr. The murderer stealthily ap proached him, fired the contents of a pistol at his heart ; the ball penetrated that vital organ, and he fell a lifeless corpse immediately. It was not dark at the time. The assassin, in making off, stumbled against Mr. Lloyd's son, a lad of about seventeen years of age, who was returning from the street to his house, unconscious of the murder of his father, and that his father's murderer had just passed him. The tenant, who was after paying the rent has been arrested on suspicion ; several other tenants have also been arrested. Mr. Lloyd was a Roman Catholic, and a liberal in politics. The Morning Chronicle states, on the authority of official documents, that there are now 300,C00 labourers employed on the public works in Ireland ; that the total expenditure in October and November was £442,150 2s. Id. ; that it will probably reach half a million for the present month ; and then observes, " Concurrently with this large and increasing expenditure, we still hear of loud complaints of destitution from many parts of Ire land, and a still greater extension of the system of public works is demanded, to avert the horrors of famine. Yet we are only at the beginning of winter. Another harvest is still a distant event. And even when the time for another harvest arrives, what are we to look for? We hear on all hands loud and growing complaints that the ordinary operations of agriculture are neglected. La bourers prefer the public works, and numbers of the smaller occupiers think it more profitable to earn six or seven shillings a week on the roads than to till their own ground." THE ANNIVaLSARY OF THE SHUTTING OF THE GATES.—Friday, the 18th, being the anniversary of the " Shutting of the Gates" against the tyrant James—an anniversary ever to be welcomed by every citizen within our walls, capable of appreciating the blessings which the event commemorated secured—the morning was ushered in by the usual discharges of cannon from the ramparts, accompanied by the inspiriting peal of the merry joy -bells, while the effigy of the traitor " Lundy," suspended from the top of Walker's Pillar, dangled in mid-air, awaiting the ignominious fate which, before evening, it was sub jected to. At half-past ten o'clock the Apprentice Boys NEW YORK MARKET, Nov. 30.—Flour : There is and citizens met at the linenhall, to proceed to the cath some activity this morning; various sales have been made, edral, where a sermon was preached by the Very Rev. amounting to 5000 barrels in all, at 5 dols. 25c. afloat, the Dean of Derry, after which (as considerately suggested and 5 dols. 371 c. in store with privileges, chiefly for ex- by the Apprentice Boys) a collection was made in aid of portation. Cotton : Sales 500 bales, with a somewhat the destitute poor of this city. The proceedings of the firmer market. Sterling is closing for the packet of the day were characterized by the usual orderly as well as Ist at 51 to 61 prem.; francs 540 to 411. Cotton has loyal conduct of the Apprentice Boys, and while the joy been in steady demand during the week, and a moderate ousness which the occasion warranted was freely indulged business has been bone from day to day. Prices drooped in, nothing occurred to give offence even to the most le. per lb. on the first day, and afterwards remained feao i'llo u a o —Derry Standard. steady. The imports of the week N.crc aria '""-- -C the sales 5,000 bales Upland and Florida, and 2,800 Nlo- the poor, in is,,d about Cork, met this day week. Some bile and New Orleans, at the following rates : conversation took place on the erection of small mills to Upland and Fl. Mobile &N. 0. be worked be hand, to grind Indian corn, and several Inferior Ordinary to good ordiny Middling to good middlg. 84 to 9* c. Middling fair to 94 to 94 c. el t o IQ c. corn should be purchased in Liverpool. It was re- Fully fair to good fair.... 94 to 101 c. lOl to 11 c. marked that wheat was still advanc . ng, and that it was Fine. nominal. nominal. ' that day at 72s per quarter. One gentleman said he was CORN EXCEANGE.—The receipts of flour down the really alarmed at the want of food that existed and its Hudson were 130,607 brls. The market was heavy i rising price, and recommended a memorial to Govern throughout, and a large portion of the receipts were talent to stop the distilleries which consumed so much stored. Prices drooped to 5 dols. to 5 dols. 121 c. for barley, and also to open the ports for the admission of Western of all sorts, but recovered on the cold weather, corn, duty free. At present it paid a duty of 20s. a ton. and closed just as on the previous week. The stock of It was urged that the public, who could spare cast off flour on hand is estimated at 300,000 to 400,000 barrels— clothin g , should now g ive it to he poor. A member said half of it, perhaps. sold, and to be shipped as fast as that in the north district they were supplying 2000 rations freights can be obtained. In the present condition of daily. Next week he expected that one of these soup the corn-markets of the world, any stock will be disposed i houses would, in addition to soup, be in a position to give of, and what we have will be rapidly reduced after the bread. The soup was good, and the people were receipts Terminate. Corn meal is heavy at 4 dols. 88 c , thankful for it. He would tell them that with beef soup and rye flour at 3 do's. 75c. Wheat was less in demand, double the number could be provided for at the same ex and the prices receded 6or 8 cents; a very fair parcel of pense as with corn. The Archdeacon of Cork said that Ohio white sold at 110 cents, and on Saturday another j he had returned to the meeting to state that good news parcel of 2000 bushels, somewhat mixed, at 106 cents. had arrived by the Great Western steamer from New Rye sold at 77, 78, and on Friday the last transaction York. Thirty-one square-rigged vessels were being was at 80 cents, delivered to a distiller. The common loaded with cern and Indian meal for Liverpool. Prices qualities of corn declined 7to 8 cents ; good old Western of bread stuffs had declined, and were still falling at New mixed closed at 65 cents per bushel with sales, though York. This, it was remarked, was cheering intelligence. Jersey yellow brought 75 cents on one of the last days. DREADFUL DESTITUTION IN SKIBBEREEN.— The There was no pressing demand for exportation. The Cork Examiner of Wednesday last, published the follow last sale of barley was at 59 cents for two rowed. Oats ing harrowing account of the effects of famine and disease were up to 38 to 39 cents per bushel. at Skibbereen, on the authority of its own special re- Money and Exchanges were quite in a drooping state, porter, and the Dublin Evening Herald, which quotes it, though francs were firm at the close, and considerable sees no reason to doubt of its truth or accuracy :" sales were made. Money stands much as it has for some "In a private note, our reporter called our most earnest weeks, and stocks rather droop. attention to the horrifying facts which he said his corre- Freights advanced on the first days, and the following spondence truthfully detailed, and summed up the con very high rates were paid :—To Liverpool, flour 5s brl, dition of the poor in the ill-fated town from which he corn 154 d bushel, square cotton 1c1; London, flour ss, wrote, by saying that ' they were dying off like rotten naval stores 5s 6d 1011, oats 14d measure, refused ; Havre, sheep.' Struck by the earnestness of the private note, flour 1121 to 125 cents, grain 30 cents bushel, cotton 14 we took up the correspondence, and went through its to 11 cents lb ; Marseilles, flour 100 cents ; Antwerp, for agonising details, line by line ; and our readers who grain 35 cents bushel of 561 b was refused, and 1371 cents will peruse it through will say that before we had come to bri paid for flour. Towards the close there was less the close we had supped full of horrors. There is disease, pressure of produce, and the rates softened a little. famine, death, in every paragraph. A terrible apathy, Business generally was quite prosperous and healthy. like that which oppresses a plague-stricken people, seems to hang over the poor of Skibbereen. No sight of horror, no tale that in other times would make the warm blood chill in the veins, can now excite even a passing ob servation. Starvation has destroyed every generous sym pathy—despair has made them hardened and insensible. They sullenly await their doom, to which they look for ward with indifference, and without fear. Death is in every wretched hovel. Disease and famine, its dread precursors, have fastened on the young and old, the strong man and the female child, the mother in the prime of life, and the infant on the breast. Whole families lie down together on the damp floor, or on a scanty sop of rotten straw, devoured by fever, without a human being near to wet their burning lips, or raise their languid heads. The husband dies by the side of his wife, and the wife knows not that her husband is beyond the reach of earthly suffering. The same rag covers the festering re mains of mortality and the skeleton forms of the living, who are unconscious of the horrible contiguity. Rats devour the corpse, and there is living no energy to scare them from their horrid banquet. Fathers bury their children without a sigh, and cover them in shallow graves round which no weeping mother, no sympathising friends are grouped. One scanty funeral is fast followed by ano ther, and that by another. When work on the public roads is offered, it in many instances cannot be availed of ; the strong man is wasted to a pithless skeleton, and i he drops dead on his way to the scene of labour. The labourer has pawned his last rag, and when his turn is come, and he has a chance of employment, he must re main in his hovel to famish, not having clothes to cover his wasted limbs. Without food or fuel, bed or bedding, whole families are shut up in naked hovels, dropping one by one into the arms of death—death, more merciful than this world or its rulers." Advices from Havana to the - 13th ultimo, received at New Orleans, state that nothing has yet been done under the ler•ers of marque and naturalisation wLich Mexico has s.nt there for sale. " We have," says the New Orleans paper of the 20th ult. "received eight days later news from Havana, and it is if,teresting and not without importance. " The tone of the Mexican papers is as embittered against ns as ever." _ . - The Mexican account of the casualties at Tobacco say , :—" The loss in killed is calculated at some eighty unfortunate citizens, and the loss of the enemy at one officer, two marines, and six sailors." A telegraphic despatch communicated the face that an incipient revolution had taken place in the city of Mexico ; that Almonte was about going to England ; and that Mr. Bank head, the Brit sh minister in Mexico, had made so much nois- abont Santa Anra's robbery of the two mil lions of dollars from a conducta, which proves to have belonged to English merchan s, that he was obliged to disgorge the i'l-gotten booty. It may be that Almonte's trip to England has reference to this transaction. Highly important news from the Gulf of Mexico was hourly ex pected. Some speculations were being indulged in at 'Washing ton as to the principal features in the forthcorn , ng Presi dent's message. One of the speculators says :—" The prin cipal feature in the President's message will be the expli• cation of the past and future policy of the government in relation to Mexico. The positions taken in his last mes sage will be reiterated, and the message will contain a vin dication of the general course of the government towards Mexico, and of the course of the President in applying at the close of last session for the two millions appropriation bill. The President will advise that peace be conquered as speedily and as effectually as poss.ble. It is for the more speedy accomplishment of this end that General Scott is ordered to active service. The General has by this time suffered 'sufficiently for his ill-advised letters, and the President determined to give him an opportunity to retrieve his lost ground. There is no doubt he will now do so, as he will now be in his proper element. He will not in anywise interfere with General Taylor's com mand, although he will, doubtless, command at the battle of San L - mis Potosi, because of his seniority in rank." The Rev. Dr. Cox, one of the deputation from Ame rica to the Evangelical Alliance reached New York on the 22nd ultimo. SPAIN The Paris papers of Wednesday did not arrive in London until Friday afternoon. The De - bats of 'Wednesday pub lishes news from Spain of the date of the 11th instant, re ceived, of course, by telegraphic dispa tch, the roads being blocked up by snow. The opposition had been most suc cessful in the capital, having returned Senors Mendizabel, Salamanca, and San Miguel, and run Senor Pidal so close that a new ballot had been appointed to take place the fol lowing day, the 9th, to decide whether he or his competi tor, Del Socorro, had the majority. Senor Mon and the Marquis de Povar bad been elected, thus giving the capi tal three out of the six seats to the opposition. The return of Mendizabel is in itself an event. Ten elections had taken place in the northern provinces; seven were in fa vour of ministers, and three for the opposition. By a fire in Salonichi, in Macedonia, 1,500 families have been rendered houseless and destitute. GERMANY.—Prince Metternich is seriously ill ; indeed, it was rumoured that he was dead, but later accounts give hopes of his recovery. The iron mines of Gelliware, in the province of Norland, the property of the late King of Sweden, were sold last month by auction to an English company, for a sum equal iu English money to £65,000 sterling. The Pope has just proclaimed " an universal jubilee to implore the divine assistance in these perilous times." In the apostolical letter making the proclamation, he pro mises to all who shall perform with devotion -the works therein enumerated, " plenary indulgence and remission of all their sins." FATAL DITEL.—Two students of the University of Ko nigsberb, M. Maclean, son of the director of the bank of teat town, and M. Knoneisen, son of a banker of that name, fought a duel with sabres on the 26th of Nov. PAPAL LIBERALITY TO THE STARVING M. Macleaa had his nose cut off and died within twenty- IRISH. four hours in dreadful torture. His adversary has fled. One of those exceedingly exemplary persona. the Irish The cause of the hostile encounter was a foolish quarrel Priests, O'Connell's best workmen, has been detected in at a game of billiards. " selling the " labour tickets" issued by relief Committees, The forebodings of important changes in the constitu- to pay a debt which he said had been incurred last sum tion of Europe. which the recent annihilation of the lode- mer in relieving the poor. The following letter, it is pendence of Cracow instantly excited in this country and truly remarked, " tells its own tale." in France, have already been corroborated, and are on the " Cavan, Nov. 14, 1816. Point of being realised. It is understood that the Cabinet "MY LORD,—The recent lamentable occurrence of a of St. Petersburg has now avowed its intention of corn- Clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church, who bad the pleting the incorporation of the kingdom of Poland with distribution of labour tickets, violating the confidence the Russian empire, and the cession of the small territory reposed in him, and perverting the relief extended by her of Cracow to Austria was only the prelude to an event Majesty's Government to the sufferers by famine into a calculated much more seriously to disturb the balance of means of raising money for his own parochial purposes, power and the peace of Europe. induces me to respectfully submit to your Lordship the HORRIBLE MASSACRES.—Advices from Kurdistan of expediency of the tickets issued for the relief of the suf the sth of November, give detailed accounts of the mas- ferers in the Cavan relief district not being distributed by sacre of the fifth remaining independent tribe of the Nea- any other person than the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, or torian Christians. On the 27th of October, Bedr Khan, Secretary. at the head of about 12,000 men, penetrated into the dis- " I have the honour to be, my Lord, trict of the Jelu tribe, and fell like birds of pr e y upon the " Your obedient humble servant, Nestorian villages ; carried fire, sword, desolation every- " G. TOWNSEND. where ; murdered indiscriminately old men, women, and " The Right Hon. Lord Farnham, K.P. children ; burnt their huts and cottages, and continued The person whose conduct is here arraigned makes no the butchery for several days, till not a spark of anima- bones of confessing the fact, because he considers himself tion remained. to have been justified in doing what he did—that is, being found out, he coolly makes the act an error, if error, of judgment, and not a violation of cot fidence : " On calm reflection (says his Reverence) I shall ad mit that I received a few shillings from the labourers who I thought were able to pay me, for the purpose of paying a debt which they and I had incurred in relieving the poor last summer—and with the same calm IA -ction, I also deny that I sold, or withheld, or dernamteit money for any labour ticket issued by the inspecting officer. All tickers issued by me were given in the pres• nce of six res pectable witnesses. I challenge inquiry before any dis passionate, honourable, and impartial tribunal, and I defy you to prove that I have acted corruptly, avariciously, or unfaithfully, even in one single instance." • At an early stage of ihe relief system, a modest applica tion was made to the executive, to sanction the erec tion and repairing of Roman Catholic places of worship as a very desirable and very p-nductive description of labour, to be paid for out of the sums advanced by Government. The application was refused, on the ground that no reli gious edifices, to whatever sect belonging, had received, or would receive, money fur repairing or building them. His reverence, therefere, thought it a capital plan to accom plish this object in his way ; for he says his obj.-ct in sell ing the labour tickets was to remove them (i e his own flock) from the miserable muddy cabin in which they adore God at present, to a splendid church, %here they may adore with comparative east., and also have an opportunity of hearing instruction in their religious duties." A DUAL FAMINE. (From the Cork Constitution ) The following is from the Wexford Independent : FEARFUL FACTS.— HUNGER COLD DISEASE — DEATH.-Our accounts from the northern pat ts of this country are most deplorable. What the poor people earn on the public works is barely sufficient to support them. All their earnings go for food ; and the consequence is, that they have nothing left to wocur , clothing. Since the extreme cold set in, sickness and death have accord ingly followed in its train. Inflammation of the lungs, fevers, and other maladies, resulting from excessive priva tion, have been bearing away their victims. Many died in the course of last week ; and the illness in every case was traceable to the want of clothing and firing, if not of sufficient food. These are indeed " fearful facts." " Hunger—cold—?is ease—death"—what can be more fearful, or more potently appeal to all that is humane in man? And who would think that in the paper which contains them, we should read the following?—• O'CONNELL NATIONAL DEBT--The men of Wexford, true to their noble nature. have resolved, as will be seen by our advertising columns, on collecting their contingent of this imperishable debt of a grateful nation to their in comparable leader. What ! many dying in the course of a single week, and " the illness in every case traceable to the want of clothing and firing, if not of sufficient food," yet, instead of apply ing their money to the buying of bread and coals and coats and blankets, the O'Connellites of the county in which these things happen have resolved on senoing it away to Dublin or Derrynane as a premium to imposture. And for this they are lauded as "true to their noble nature"! The Constitution was the first journal which announced the suspension of the tribute. In doing so we intimated the likelihood that means would be found of setting it afloat without allowing the odium to fall on the receiver —that, for instance, s' kind friends in Cork or else where would " resolve" that their leader should hot suffer for his seeming self-denial, d that a calculation of this kind was probably passing through the mind of "Moses" when he determined on the " sacrifice." Does it not look as if our conjecture was about to be verified ? and as if, too, Lord Shrewsbury's letter, as we remarked when co pying it, was slily designed as an incentive? There is no end to the scheming of these " Liberals." 'Yet had "the men of Wea.rd" an example before their eyes which it would better have behoved them to follow. We quote sill from the Independent:— " We feel true pleasure in stating that Mr. Boyse, of Bannow, has expended £l,OOO in the purchase o+ corn to guard aga list the alarming contingency before us." THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. The Lancaster and Carlisle Railway was publicly opened throughout on Friday. Great rejoicings took place in all the towns on the line. DOCKS AT WISBECH.—The Eastern Counties and Gre..t Northern Railway are about conjointly to erect two immense docks at Wisbech, in connexion with their lines there. One of these docks will cover an area of thirteen acres. The high wages of the masons employed on the bridge over the Tweed—from 255. to 353. per week, have induced a strike amongst the masons employed on the Berwick station of the North British. An equal rate of wages has been refused. Calls for Chris►.mas are already announced in connection with eight lines, to the extent of some £740,000. It is estimated that on the yearly supply of the London market-150,000 beasts and 1,500,000 sheep, the saving by railway conveyance is £675,000. The contract for the works on the Great Northern, from London to Peterborough. has, it is said, been let to Mr. Brassey, the contractor, for £120,000. The Earl of Carlisle has given directions to have plans for the best disposition of his land in the vicinity cr the station near Morpeth, in streets or villas. For the latter there are many picturesque situations. The water power also affords many facilities for the erection of manufac tories. xv," are elarl to hear that nnr triconqnaPn. Messrs. Wil liams, Aykroyd, and Co., who are making progress on the Chester and Birkenhead Extension Railway line, are announced the contractors for the tunnel which is to run under Macclesfield, and which is to connect the Maccles field branch of the Manchester and Birmingham line to the North Staffordshire Railway. THE RAILWAYS AND CHRISTMAS.—It has been sug gested that the day or double tickets which on many lines serve parties for returning the same day, or, dated on Sa turday, are available on Monday, should this week serve from Thursday till the following Monday, so that those who visit distant friends on Christmas Eve may have a good long holiday, by giving one day of business only, ❑amely, Saturday, the 26th. The directors of the Eastern Counties and Norfolk Railways, with a view to give the poorer classes greater facilities in travelling, have started " a fourth-class" train, by which passengers are conveyed from Yarmouth to Norwich, and through to London, for 7s, 6d. ; and a re turn ticket, available from Monday, or any other day, to the following Sunday, for 10s. ; which is little more than one farthing per mile. The Ipswich and Bury St. Edmund's railway was pub licly opened on Monday, by an excursion of the directors along the line to the last town ; where there were re joicings of the people and a dinner. The line is about twenty-six miles long. There is but one tunnel, near the Ipswich terminus, which is a quarter of a mile in length; at Bury there is a very lofty and long embankment and viaduct ; and about the centre an " almost unfathomable morass" has been crossed. The line has cost £17,090 a mile, and has been completed in a year. SHOCKING ACCIDENTS ON THE BOLTON RAILWAY.— The express train, which leaves Fleetwood at nine o'clock, got off the rails about five miles from Manchester, on Wednesday,and the engine,after running about forty yards along theside of the cutting in which theaccident happened, fell over on to the line, and a first-class carriage was thrown over and smashed. All the passengers escaped without material injury, but the engine driver was killed, and the stoker bad one leg cut off, anti a portion of the foot of the other leg.—On Thursday, another train of carriages got off the same line, but the engine was stopped before it got fifty yards, and no injury was sustained. WREXHAM, NANTWICH, AND CREWE JUNCTION RAILWAY.—A meeting of the seripholders of this un successful project was held on Friday, at the Clarendon Rooms, for the purpose of considering the necessity of dissolving the company,—Mr. T. Edgeworth in the chair. The affairs of the company are in Chancery, and a letter has been recently circulated, addressed to one of the di rectors by the solicitor in the cause of Sibson a. Edge worth, on behalf of himself and the other shareholders, cautioning the shareholders against dissolving the company to relieve themselves from their responsibilities, and stating that such a proceeding will not stay the cause. It was stated that prior to the 31st of March last, 3973 shares had been issued. Two scrutineers were appointed. The chairman refused to answer a question as to whether, a bill in Chancery having been filed against the directors, the meeting was legal? Mr. Buxton, who held some scrip, said he should not vote, or hand in the scrip for which he appeared as proxy, and the chairman said that if he would not, he must leave the room—which Mr. Buxton finally did, under protest. A somewhat similar scene was enacted by Mr. Locke. The scrutineers reported that 1491 shares were represented by the meeting, which being more than one-third of the total number, rendered the meeting legal. It was moved by Mr. Devereux, and se conded by Mr. Jones, that the company be dissolved, and that such dissolution be not deemed an act of bankruptcy. The scrutineers reported that 1486 votes were in favour of the motion, and five (Mr. Locke's) were neutral. The chairman declared the motion carried, as more than three fifths of the whole were in favour of it. ADVENTURES OF AN EXPRESS TRAIN.—OD Tuesday night at six o'clock the express train on the York and Newcastle Railway left Darlington, being about an hour and a-half behind its usual time, having been detained by the depth of the snow. The road was heavy all the way, and an additional engine was put to at Belmont, but there was no stoppage caused by the snow till the train reached Washington, which it did about eight o'clock on Tuesday night. At Washington station the train stopped half an hour, and it being reported there that the line was pas sable, it proceeded ; but, it had not gone more than half a mile when it was brought to a stand-still. The engine men and stokers, who were prepared with shovels, partially cleared away the snow which had drifted in the path of the engines, and the steam was again put on. Another half a mile was got over, but further progress was found to be impracticable. The snow drifted round the car riages with such rapidity, that in a very few minutes it was found impossible to move them either one way or the other, and the snow gathering around the engines, soon extinguished the fires, and rendered all attempts at self extrication hopeless. In this dilemma, what was to be done? Two gentlemen, second class passengers, deter mined on walking onward through the snow ; and away they went steering in the directio❑ of the telegraphic wires. As we have not heard of them since, it is probable they succeeded, after many difficulties of course, in reach ing their destination, wherever it was. One gentleman, returning from the hymeneal altar, having been mar ried but a few days previously in London, and was bringing home his bride, suggested to his cars sponsa the expediency of returning to Washington, where a com fortable bed might be found more convenient for repose than the interior of a railway carriage, and the suggestion having been approved, the adventurous pair essayed the difficult and dangerous task. There were other ladies in the train, which comprised fifteen passengers in all, in cluding the two that had already departed, but none thought proper to imitate her example. Five gentlemen escorted the bride and bridegroom, leaving behind them in the train, three lades and three gentlemen, who remained there till noon on Wednesday. when they also repaired to Washington, under the guidance of the engine drivers, leaving Donald., n, the guard of the train, alone. All parties reached Washington in safety, and found comfort able accommodation at the inn near the station, and at the village in its vicinity. This is pei haps the first instance on record of a railway train having been sorted in the snow. —[The Newcastle Journal gives the names of the passen gers, amongst whom we perceive that of Mr. Cram, of this town.] UNIVERSITY 4- CLERICAL NEWS. Sir Robert Peel has presented £lOO to the fund for the extension of church building in the diocese of Lichfield. A corres. ondeht of the Manchester Courier urges his fellow-townsmen to the god cork of building a cathedral for their expectant Bishop. He says, " They have wealth, they have power, they have talents—why not devote them to the glory of God ?" The Bishop of Exeter has introduced a new test prior to admitting any clergymaa+ into his diocese, or removing one to another, viz.: " What are your views as to baptis mal regeneration ?" We question whether any bishop of his own authority has power to introduce any such novelty. Lord Ward has given a second donation of £5OO to the new church now building at Pensnett ; £3OO to the re pairs of Coseley Church ; £lOO to the church about to be consecrated at Quarry Bank ; and £lOO towards the building of a parsonage at Quarry Bank. The noble lord has added £lOO per annum to 'he living of St. Ed mund's, Kidderminster, of which the Rev. John Davies is the incumbent. His lordship has likewise presented the Kidderminster Chess Club with £5, and enrolled himself as a member. THE NEw BISHOPRIC of MANCHESTER.—It has been definitisely settled, that early in the next session the ministers will propose to parliament tae immediate erec tion of Lancashire into a separate see, under the title of " The diocese of Manchester." The new diocese will consist of the Archileaconry of Manehester, including the deaneries of Blackburn, Leyland, Manchester, and War rington, and also the independent deanery of Andrew's or Amounderness, comprising in the whole 405 benefices. In fact, the whole of Lancashire, except the deanery of Cart mel and Furness, comprising 31 incumbences, which will still appertain to the diocese of Chester. _ _ THE LAWS AFFECTING CLERGYMEN. — The Rev. Dr. Holloway, incumnent minister of Fitzroy Chapel, Lon don -street, Tottenham court-road, has addressed a letter to the Lord Chancellor, in which he prays his lordship's opposition to some " novel regulations and tuither en croachments upon the pristine liberty of the labouring clergy," which it is intended to introduce into the House of Lords in the course of the next session. The rev. gen tleman, after adverting to the laws at present in force with respect to the clergy, alludes to the proposed regula tions for the " correction of clerks," which he severally condemns, inasmuch as he contends that if more absolute power be made over to the hierarchy, so that any and every bishop, ad arbitrium sauna, may depose his man for preaching, propagating, or implanting what such Bishop, according to his own views and sentiments, may consider "unbecoming a clergyman," there will be no class of men in Christendom placed in greater jeopardy or more abject slavery than the Evangelical Clergy, against whom, be alleges, the shitft is directed. Dr. Holloway views with great alarm these and other contemplated changes, and assures the Lord Chancellor that, if persisted in, a large number of clergymen (probably as many as 4,000) will leave the pale of the Established Church.—Morning Post. ORDINATION. The following gentlemen were admitted to holy orders on Sunday last, by the Lord Bishop of Chester, in the Cathedral, Chester : DEACONS. John Burnard, 8.A., Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Dawson William Turner, M.A., Magdalen Hall, Oxford. John Edward Cross, M.A., Christ Church, Oxford. John Ducker, 8.A., King's Hall and College of Braze nose, Oxford. Thomas Greenall, 8.A., King's Hall and College of Brazenose, Oxford. _ _ _ William Harrison, 8.A., King's Hall and College of Brazenose, Oxford. Thomas William Spicer Langdon, 8.A., Pembroke College, Oxford. Francis Raikes, 8.A., Exeter College, Oxford. Edward Walker, 8.A., Lincoln College, Oxford. Willi on Coleman. 8.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. William Bent Grenside, 8.A., Trinity College, Cam bridge. Samuel William King, 8.A., Catharine Hall, Cam bridge. Robert Duncan Travers, 8.A., Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Henry Venahles, 8.A., Jesus College, Cambridge. Henry Wilson, 8.A., Christ's College, Cambridge. Joseph Anthony Boake, 8.A., Trinity College, Dublin. Arthur Coates, 8.A., Trinity College, Dublin. Edward Dowling, 8.A., Trinity College, Dublin. Charles lliffe Gibbon, M.A., Trinity College, Dublin. George Jenkin, 8.A.. Trinity College, Dublin. Howard St. George, 8.A., Trinity College, Dublin. George Aspinall. St. Bees. Frederick Gibbens, St. Bees. William Thomas Harte, St. Bees. Thomas Hughes, St. Bees. William Hilton Hutchinson, St. Bees. John Howard, St. Bees. Robert Harries Jones, St. Bees. William Jones, St. Bees. John M'Cubbin, St. Bees. John Robinson, St. Bees. William Henry Self, St. Bees. Benjamin Tweddle, St. Bees. George Lowe Whitehouse, St. Bees. David Jacoby Hirsch, Berlin. PRIESTS John Charles Bagsbaw, M.A., King's Hall and College of Brazenose, Oxford. _ . _ Thomas Bowdon Banner, 8.A., King's Had and Col lege of Brazenose, Oxford. Theodore Percival Wilson, 8.A., King's Hall and College of Brazenose, Oxford. Julius Shadwell, 8.A., Balliol College, Oxford. Arthur Childe, M A., Trinity College, Cambridge. Richard Gathorne, 8.A., Trinity College, Cambridge. William Read, 8.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. Jacob Tomlin, 8.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. Robert Macdonnell Evanson, 8.A., Trinity College, Dublin. John Hewson, 8.A., Trinity College, Dublin. James Peace, M.A., Trinity Co!lege, Dublin. Charles Meeling Aldis, Sr. Bees. William Foster Elliott, St. Bees. James Knowles Harrison, St. Bees. William Noah Jepson, St. Bees. William Prosser, St. Bees. Samuel Thomas Sproston, St. Bees. The sermon on the occasion was preached by the Rev. Chancellor Raikes, from the 23d verse of the Ist John. The reverend gentleman depicted in powerful language the mission of John, with reference to its nature, its ob ject, and its end, as exhibiting a bright example for all engaged in the work of the ministry. He addressed in solemn terms the candidates for holy orders ; and whilst exhorting them to preach only " Jesus Christ, and Him crucified," warned them to beware of the novelties of tractarianism. THE C,URT 4- FASHIONABLE WORLD. The Queen, Prince Albert, along with the Royal Fa mily, arrived at Windsor Castle, on Friday, from Osborne H ouse. Queen Adelaide continues at Cashiobury Park in good health, Prince George of Cambridge arrived on a visit to her Majesty on Friday. The Queen has conferred the dignity of a baronet on the following gentlemen :—Col. Davie, of Creedy, Devon; Frederick Currie, Esq., secretary to the Government of Bengal, and Anthony Rothschild, Esq., of London. BATTUE.—The following is the return of five days' shooting at Buckenham Park, the seat of the Hon. F. Baring :—Pheasants, 2517: partridges, 121 ; hares. 904 ; rabbits, 232; woodcocks, 5; ducks, 2. Tot 1, 3785. LAW INTELLIGENCE. In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Monday, a verdict, with £lOO damages, was given against the Spectator for a libel on the Society of Arts. The Spectator published an apology on finding out their mistake, but Lord Denman intimated that it was not a sufficient one In the Vice-Chancellor's Court, on Tuesday, an in junction was moved for by the Electric Telegraph Com pany against Mr. Nott, for infringing their patent. The allegation was, that their instrument had been discovered at the Blesworth station, by an agent of the defendant, who had placed a ladder against the window for that pur pose. In the Court of Queen's Bench, on Thursday, an ac tion was brought by Captain Crow, of the brig Tweed, against Messrs. Falk and Co., salt exporters, of Liver pool, to recover two sums of money for demurrage on a cargo of salt, shipped at Liverpool, and unloaded at Stettin. The facts were briefly these : the Tweed was detained at Liverpool, while loading the cargo by the shippers, and again at Stettin, the Prussian go vernment having delayed the salt from being disembarked in virtue of the fiscal regulations of the country. The jury re turned a verdict for the plaintiff for seven days detention at Liverpool, and for the defendants with_regard to the detention at Stettin. Mr. T. C. FOSTER.—This gentleman has earned an ho nourable and well-merited reputation in his capacity of " Times' Commissioner." His letters from Wales, Ireland, and more recently from the Highlands of Scot land, have not only imparted to the public a mass of novel intelligence which they probably, but for the writer, would never have acquired, but the suggestions contained in those letters, for the improvement of the condition of the lower classes of the people of the above named localities, have effected more substantial benefit already than could have been done by the reports of a score of expensively-worked commissions. Since his accomplishment of this mission Mr. Foster has been called to the bar, and to prove that he has commenced with a promise of establishine a second honourable repu tation, as a barrister, it is only necessary for us to direct our readers' attention to the detailed report of a trial for bigamy, before Mr. Justice Wigiitman. The argument adopted by Mr. Foster, in the case alluded to, goes far to overthrow all our preconceived opinions respecting the illegality of marriages within certain degrees of affinity. Its cogency is manifest in the circumstance that it, to all appearance, made a convert of the judge.—Church and State Gazette. LIVERPOOL SUNDAY-SCHOOL INSTITUTE. On Friday evening last, the Rev. W. Withers Ewbank, A.B. delivered a most interesting and instructive addres to the members and friends of the above institute, in the Portico, Newington. The subject of the lecture was "The use or abuse of the Bible." Although it was an unfavourable, wet evening, the house was well filled. After some preliminary observations, the reverend lec turer spoke nearly as follows : One of the first abuses of the Bible, is a habit, of late exceedingly common, of not taking the plain, natural in struction from any pa•sage of the word of God. When I speak of "abuses," I speak:more of unintentional abuses. I a.lude not here to infidels, who speak evil cf the Bible, nor to our Roman Catholic brethren, who would conceal the Bible, but of Protestant Christians, who, with the best intentions put their own meaning upon the Scrip tures, instead of the real plain natural meaning dictated by the spirit of God. It has been well said, that the instruction derived from the Bible should be as the first pressure of wine from the grape. Whatever, therefore, we see by the teaching of God's spirit to be the plain, literal, primary meaning of God's word, that we should press to our own hearts, and seek to impress it upon the hearts of others. A second source of abuse arises from forgetfulness or ignorance of what the Bible really is. Now, what is the Bible ? You say, it is the word of God, and you say true. But many persons, in thinking of the Bible, think of it as one single book. It is a book, it is true, bound up within two covers—but it is not a single book. It is a collection of lom,ks which occupied in writing, at different periods, a thousand years—so that it is not right to treat the Bible as if it were written in a day, or a year, or an age, or as having reference to one time and one place. The Bible is for the most part an eastern book, and was written in an east country. When, therefore, the Holy Spirit of God inspired men to write the Bible, he did not make the character of their minds western instead of eastern. I think great harm has been done by commentators straining the sense of Scripture, as if it were written in our colder dialect. As an instance of the eastern character of the 1 Bible, turn to Psalm xviii.—a psalm supposed to have been penned by David on ascending the throne, after he ' had passed through many difficulties : —read the 7th to the 16th verses :—" He rode upon a cherub and did fly : yea, he did fly upon the wings of the wind." Now, when did God do all this ?—he never did it at all. He never actually rode upon a cherub. But this was the eastern way of expressing the idea of God's greatness and ma jesty. David, in saying this, said nothing wrong. He , merely meant by it all, that God, by his gracious provi dence, had delivered him from all his enemies. Hence he says in the 17th verse :—" He delivered me from my strong enemy and from them which hated rne, for they were too strong for me." Some of you may say : What is the evil of this sort of interpretation to which I have alluded ? Precisely like the last evil. For persons wishing to explain this and other passages of Scripture in a western way, bring forward this psalm, and so make nonsense of it. For when they read,—" He rode upon a cherub and did fly," they say :—This has never taken place yet, and therefore one day it will take place. Thus they take away a large portion of God's word, and set it down to some future period. Another great source of a bad interpretation of Scrip ture is, the forgetfulness that the Bible was written at various times and periods. Hence the importance of a knowledge of chronology to the reader of the Bible. The , study of the Chronology of the Bible, is one of the most difficult studies. Various systems have been given —as that of Usher, and others—none of them, probably, in every instance correct. Now ler any man open at Gene sis, and treat it in the same way as he would do if be opened at Matthew, and he will get into confusion. I , Really to hear some people explain the word of God, it seems as if they supposed, that, because certain passages are alike, therefore they mean the same thing. As an instance of this, the reverend gentleman referred to the first verse of the 16th chapter of Isaiah, to shew that that passage might be referred, through an ignorance of ' , chronology, to a still future restoration of the Jews to their own land; whilst in reality it referred to their return from Babylon, which was future at the time Isaiah wrote. To strengthen this view, the lecturer proceeded to com ment upon the next verse of the chapter. Always, then, remember, in explaining the Scriptures, to inquire when the books were written—look carefully to the context, and learn the precise meaning of that portion of Scripture which you wish to explain. Ano her source of abuse arises from the want of consi deration as to the object of the Bible. What is the object of the Bible? It is not to teach us science. If you wanted for example, to learn astronomy, you would not go to the Bible for it. You would learn nothing of astronomy there, with the exception that " God created the sun, and the moon, and the stars." But is this against the Bible? Certainly not. It is surely not against a thing not to do that which it was never intended to do ! The Bible is a religious book—intended to teach men that they are sin tiers—to reveal Gods dealings with his chosen people, His dealings with us through Christ—and to point the way to everlasting happiness through Christ. This is its object, and its only object. It is true that there are other things beside t hese con tained in the Bible. But they are only incidental. We have, for example, an account of Nebuchadnezzar. But it is not the intention of the sacred historian to give us a history of that king. So much of his history is given as is necessary to the connexion of the history of God's chosen people and no afore; and so it is with many other allusions and passages of God's Word. Bew,,re, then, of trying to gain the Bible to this side or to that side, as to any other object than that which the Bible seeks for if I we do this, we are abusing that Holy Book, because we are using it as God never intended it to be used. You have all heard of the famous Galileo. Before his time the earth was supposed to be a fixed point in space. The sun, it was believed, went round the earth ;—in short, the earth was the centre of the planetary system And when Galilee found out the truth, what did they say to him ? They said he was an Infidel !—an Infidel, just as you and I are, for we believe in his theory. Though he was not convinced, his enemies obliged him to declare, on his bended knees, that the earth stood still. He was a man before his age ! Like many others, before and since, he went faster than the Church of Rome could go. His was the truth ! But, did it shake the Bible ? No ! Do you not now say, pointing to the Rock and Fort at the entrance of Liverpool, that the sun sets ? And as you use the common language of the times, so did the sacred writers. The Bible was written to teach men the way to salvation, and not the truths of science. As with astronomy, so with geology. I know little about geology. But I am sure of this, that none need be afraid of the truth, and that if we search with a humble mind into the revealed will of God, we shall never fear geology, or phrenology if you like, or any other ology. As the Bible stood the truth of Galileo, so it will stand, not against, but in harmony with all other discove ries and investigations to the end of time. Another source of error arises from party spirit. There is a feeling of party spirit more or less in the breasts of all of us. Few of us can look into the Bible with an honest desire to get out of it the entire truth. In whatever cir cumstances a man may find himself placed by early edu cation or association, he will be anxious to find a warrant for it in the Bible. There is the question of slavery, for example. We all abominate slavery ! Yet in the - Bible we find mention made of slavery without that distinct re probation and horror with which we are accustomed to view it. In the Mosaic law, there appears a sort of tole ration of slavery. Now, even in the New T, stament, we find St. Paul sending back Onesimus, a runaway slave, to his master, and exhorting slaves (for the word " seriant" is, as you know, in de original " slave") to be obedient to their master ! Many men seeing this in the Bible, argue that the Bible sanctions slavery. But there is nothing more untrue. Does the Bible sanction polygamy because it records that David and Solomon had their wives and 1 concubines ? Does the Bible sanction war, and recom mend it, and say it is a good thing, because Joshua was commanded to exterminate the Canaanites ? or infanticide because Abraham was required to offer up his son Isaac? We know very well it does not. No ! God has introduced truth into the world as men were able to bear it. He has given us great principles, and has left them to work themselves out ; and if the principles of the Gospel prevail they will sweep away slavery and every other evil I from the face of the earth. Surely slavery can never stand against the Gospel precept—" Love thy neighbour as thyself ;" nor war against the command, to " Love our enemies." Nothing, then, is more unfair than to take certain w:ck d teases—real wickednesses which God It s tolerated, winks at, to use the Apostle's language, in ano ther state of society and under another dispensation—and apply them to the days of our own Gospel light, as though God were responsible for the wickedness of men. After giving his views more at length on this subject, and alluding to other passages of Scripture corroborative of this principle, the rev. lecturer proceeded to consider . . . the " Uses of the Bible"—under tile following heads : Its historical use—the application of its promises to our selves, and the necessity of possessing the experience of it in our own hearts. - - After adverting to the importance of the office of the Sunday School teacher, in preparing the people for the right understanding of the truths of the gospel, as pro pounded from the pulpit, the reverend lecturer concluded a most instructive lecture with the expression of his best wishes for the prosperity of the undertaking to which the teachers had set their hands. A vote of thanks to the lecturer was then moved by Samuel Stitt, Esq., the benediction pronounced, and the meeting separated. COLONEL GAWLER AND THE COLONY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. (From the Daily News.) Stit,—Among the editorial articles in your journal of Saturday last, there is one in reference to the colony of South Australia, which, in the great body of its observa tions, is, so far as it goes, most correct. As having been led to look somewhat closely into colonial history, and, moreover, as being of necessity intimately acquainted with the progress and prospects of South Australia, I can bear witness with confidence, that, in proportion to its age as a British possession, there has not appeared in mo dern times so fine and promising a colony. A population of about 23,000 souls, and exports of its own produce amounting in value, for the first quarter of this year, to £101,718 155., in the course of the tenth year only of ab solute existence, are results which modern society has never before seen, and which, even in the energetic days of Phoenician, Grecian, and Roman colonization, were probably never, in any very distant settlement, equalled. While, however, your article is very correct in its com mendation of South Australia, it is, I assure you, most its observations. and un j us t i n some su b or di n ate sentences of observations. As the weight of this inaccuracy bears upon me, I must beg leave to set the matter in its right position. The sentences to which I refer stand as follow : " During the ten years of its existence, South Australia has frequently been the object of vehement attacks. We Dec. 22, 184 g. have no intention to deny that there was often good cause for severe criticism. Mismanagement on the part of those to whom its direction was first entrusted, and an unlucky spirit of gambling speculation that arose among the settlers, rendered the colony at one time fairly bankrupt." In the hitherto short history of South Australia, no one in the " direction" of its affairs has ever been '• the object of frequent and vehement attacks"* in this country, but myself. Taking, therefore, your censures to myself, I must offer to them, with a few additional observations, the following letter on the same subject, which appeared lately in the Times, and which I beg you to do me the favour to insert in your columns : " SIR,—In your city article of this morning, under the head of " Late Advices from South Australia," a compa rison is drawn between the expenditure and produce of that colony for the years 1840 and 1845 respectively, in apparent censure of the former, and praise by " contrast" of the latter. As the respous,bility of the former rests upon me, I would offer a few words on this subject. A man's public reputation is of no small importance to him, if it only be in reference to the future work into which, in the providence of God, he may he thrown. " The year 1840 was the fourth only of the absolute ex istence of South Australia as a British possession. I found it in 1838, with the exception of two or three small patches near the sea shore, an unexplored, intricate wil derness. Settlers poured in by thousands. and land was most rapidly purchased, sufficient to occupy the available tracts of a district as large as our home principality of Wales. The colonists were certainly in a state of bitter, not to say fierce, political dissension : the original survey department had resigned, and my means of meeting the emergency consisted of one young draughtsman for the office, and one retired corporal of Sappers for the field ; the latter a fine fellow certainly, who would have an swered all my purposes if I could have cur him up into ten or twenty living portions, hut who, unhappily for me, was not thus divisible. Besides these difficulties, the original tents, instruments, &c., were almost wholly de stroyed ; provisions and wages were immensely high, there were very few draught animals in the province, and the nearest points of supply for almost every thing re quired were at distances from 1,000 to 1.500 miles across a stormy and very indifferently known ocean. Let any intelligent man realise in his mind such a position, adding to my brief sketch of it all those circumstances connected with a new climate, country, and comm unity, which I have not space to describe, and let him judge wh'tber it was possible to meet and conquer such an emervency without a great outlay. I certainly did overcome it; for when I left the province in 1841, the latest demands tor• land were, atter immense exertion, in the very act of being answered. " In a leading article which your journal did me the fa-- your, with much good feeling towards me, to devote to the subject in October, 1844, witness was borne to this fact. The article says of me, Had the eternal solitudes of Australia been as fleeting and precarious as a shoal of herrings, he could not have been in a greater hurry , o cast his net over the prey.' I did indeed survey in haste, but no more with the object of catching the solitudes of Aus tralia, than the fisherman has in view the catching of the bottom of the sea. His object is the shoal of herrings, and mine was the shoals of settlers which were then set ting upon South Australia, as ready as herrings to alter their course if they had found what they wanted. I would now beg attention to the result of the above-described, combined with other measures ; it is this, that by far a greater number of settlers were caught (if you please) and oetained in South Australia, than were ever before in mo dern history, at the same comparative period of time, caught and kept in any distant colony. The net was strong with good faith ; the commissioners stood publicly pledged to give purchasers their land without delay. I was one of their body by commission under the sign ma nual, and was their representative in the colony. " I will not enlarge upon other unavoidable causes of great outlay, such as providing for the labouring emi grants who could not find regular employment until the settlers got their land, and who were most eagerly longed for in the neighbouring colonies, at a time when those colonies were in high prosperity, or the necessity for erecting public buildings to meet the wants of a population of 15,000 souls, which might, moreover, have as rapidly gone on to double its numbers; but I will only p o int to the fact, that when I left South Australia it was in bene ficial results, population, harmony, civil order, and pro tection, produce, exports, surveys, communications, and public constructions, what I have before called it—by far the finest colony in proportion to its duration in modern history, produced at a cost to the parent state not greater at most than has been required to bring other colonies to the same comparative condition, and, moreover, contain ing in itself the foundation of all its present extraordinary prosperity. Every one knows, that in the instance of a young tree borne to a great dista..ce from its parent earth, the risk, cost, and anxiety, are in the removal and planting. Once firmly set in a good soil, it is not sur prising that it should flourish and fruit at little expense. Discovering, by very laborious personal research, that the capabilities of South Australia were (what they are now known in England to be) very great, 1 took decided mea sures to establish the colony, and of necessity incurred a large primary expenditure in so doing. " I remain, sir, your obedient servant, " G. GAWLER. " Brunswick-bquare, November 5." THIS LARGE PRIMARY EXPENDITURE HAS TURNED OUT TO BE WHAT 1, AT THE TIME, WAS PERSUADED IT WOULD BE, THE HIGHEST ECONOMY.—The colony, with its communications, both maritime and internal, well opened, and almost every essential provided for its early condition, is supporting its public establishments from its own resources, with a considerable surplus of revenue. Firmly planted and well watered, it is springing with an innate vigour before unknown, to spread its branches far and wide, and to fill the " far East" with its fruit. Storms have, indeed, passed over it; but upon what new colony have they not fallen? Is not the history of modern early colonisation a series of struggles for existence ? South Australia was never " nearly bankrupt ;" it always pos sessed assets amply equal to its debts, and the appearance of bankruptcy which it bore for a time, arose from the severity with which, for a time, its debts, under doubts of its solvency, were visited. In justice to the colonists I am bound to remark, that their so-termed " unlucky spiritof gambling speculation," has also been regarded in England with by far too much severity. Sufficient allowance has not been made for the aberrations of the high energy, combined with human failings, which men must throw into a work so difficult, as that of rapidly turning an unexplored wilderness at the antipodes of their mother country, into a country like that which they have left. Settlers in a new colony, as compared with the inhabitants of an old established community, are like troops in th e fi e ld as compare d with an army in home quarters ; but if the officers and soldiers in a field day in Hyde-pai Ir. were to exhib energy in expressions and actions. as it was shown on the fields of Salamanca, Vittoria, or Waterloo, the Com manding Officer would probably find the card of the Commissioner of Lunacy on his table by breakfast time the next morning. That which was regarded in England as the " madness" of the Colonists of South Australia has, taking it all in all, achieved a victory of which the beneficial effects in the " far East" shall last, when even Salamanca, Vittoria, and Waterloo, may be there almost forgotten. In high social feeling, energetic industry, sound morality and religion, and loyal attachment to the mother-country, there are very few such colonies in ex istence, and with such a basis the edifice must stand firmly and rapidly increase.—l remain, Sir, your obedient servant, G. GAWLER. Brunswick-square, December 1, 1846. " * The vehement attacks of which we spoke were directed a:fainst the colony. The severe criticism' on those to whom its direction was intrusted, was directed more against Colonel Gawler's employers than himself, who was but a subordinate agent." STATE OF TRADE MANCIIESTER. — The market has this week been again in a very agitated state, in consequence of the speculations which have recently taken place in the Liverpool cotton market. It is now supposed that the price of the raw material has at length reached the highest point at which it will be possible for manu facturers to make their goods to sell at anything like cost price. It is now understood that, as a sort of check upon the further advance of the raw material, not only has short time been resorted to in some localities in good earnest, but that some manufacturers have resolved to close their mills a together. This latter step should not be take❑ upon light grounds, because great distress must inevitably follow to the inhabitants in the neighbourhood. The best way of giving a healthy tone to the market is the general adoption of short time for a lengthened. period. The very intimation of the likelihood of this la ter step being adopted has hnd the effect of causing the holders of gcods to be more firm in their demands for an advance in price, and in some descriptions of goods an advance of a shilling per piece has been conceded. We have heard of some extensive lots of goods, which had been bought for export, being again brought into the market, and sold at advanced rates, the owners pre ferring realising a profit at home to incurring the risk attendant upon export. Twist is also dearer, with an upward tendency. LEans.—The woollen trade of this town and district is in much the same state as it has been in for the last month or more, and no improvement is looked for till at least after the Christmas holydays. The same caution which we have previ ously pointed out as characterising the merchants in their deal ings, and the manufacturers in the amount of work which they do, is still manifested. There is nothing like a stagnation of trade, and prices of goods that were sold, are not lower than they were when trade was brisker. BRADFORD.—The disposition to buy wool is checked by the staplers seeking an advance on late prices, which the spinners are not willing to submit to, and the business done during the week has been limited, The yarn branch of the trade continues very depressed. The recent excited state of- the cotton market appears to have extended itself to warps which are extensively used here, and higher prices are sought, but the advance cannot at present be realized. The demand for pieces, though not ani mated, is about an average for this season of the year. The state of both the worsted and cotton markets indicates that there is no chance of continuing to make goods so low as here tofore ; and the manufacturers fully expect to realize better prices on the opening of the new year, which, we hope, will commence with many extensive purchases. Elunnsasviatn.—We have had another very quiet market this week, and very little business done either in the halls or warehouses. There have been some small orders given our for fancy goods, and a few of the manufacturers are pretty well oc cupied for the German and Continental markets. Prices con tinue firm, and stocks moderate. ROCIIPAI.E.—The flannel market has been much the same as last week, both as regards demand and prices. There is but little business doing in wool, prices remaining firm. ITALIFAX. — AIthoup., II there have been a few more merchants here this week, than for the last two market weeks, the amount of business t:ansacted is exceedingly limited, and the trade con tinues very dull. The staplers have obtained a small advance on long Wool, and the Yarn trade remains very much depresse Short wools, of some descriptions, seem to be rather giving way, but not much is doing. CARNE'S DROGHEDA ALE.—The celebrity of Irish ale• is now acknowledged, but, like other drinks, they differ in qtvlity. The importation alluded to by Messrs. Peter Metge and Co., in their advertisement, is, we are told, excellent, and well suited to Christmas festivities. a't'e last night received for review a plate of Mr. M'Na mara's London Oysters. They are fine, and well fed, and prove the advanced position in which Liverpool now stands for shell-fish. A few years ago it would have been im possible to have got anything equal to them.