Northern Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-09-14 00:00:00

SMITHSONIAN HOTEL, BROLDWAY, Corner of HOUSTON-ST/0Z r, Ninv Narood in honour of the Surmise:Him Irremonorr, Eatahlished at WASUINSTON, by tke U. S. CONGRE33., With Funds bequeathed by JAMES SMITIISON, of ENGLAND. the Friendship of the °mazes of the NATIONAL INSTITUTION, Is conducted on the EIIBOPIAN PLAN. CHAS. H. SMITH. CARD. R, and MRS. BARNEY WILLIAMS, the Perionators of " The Ir eh Boy " and " Yankee Girl," ou MONDAY nest, commence a FA tiENVE!,L ENGAGEMENT in Liverpoji tilnerCiat liitt:s- - rbis Dap. At twelve o'clock. at the brokers' office, 2, Dale-street, 480 bags Rapeseed an i 878 bag. Linsee L.—Browne, Hunter aid Co. At eleven o'clock, at the commercial saleroom, Temple-court, a quan tity of Frait.—James Adam, Son and Co. At twelve o'clock, at the broker's office, t, Titheharn-street, 71 b .tre!s Resio.—Alfred King, jun, twelve o'clock, at the broker's office, Victoria-buildings, Hackin'c a qua.ltity of Svxac.—Jacks:m a..d M•Cu.loch. ♦t twelve o'clock, 410 balek Gambie:.—Finlay, Lawrence and Lance. At twelve o'clock, at the broker's oTce, Sweeting-street, 27 cases Cod Liver 01 .—Artold, Leete, lioacoe, and Co. At twelve o'clock, at the brokers' office, 16. Exchange-buildings, 15 casks Argnls.—J. H. t , ayner and Co. ♦t eleven o'.•.lecs, at the commercial s , leroom, Temple-court, a quantity of Frnit.—Geo, Badenach and Son. CO — For particular 3 see advertismeio. AfICTSEAIE TTS, PUBLV3 &c. THIS PAY. Ts sera 3 ROYAL—Dramatic Perform 3n 9-7 p.m. 1% )7AL Am Nil ruzArsE—Dramith: Performance -7 p.m. Etcaties II ALL--Miss Julia Pastrana —2 and 8 p.m. Cilirros HALL, Claytn-squire—G'adon Cumming-8 p.m. Col.7B3suu —General Entertiinne❑t-6.30 p.m. Sitow.nicat. GAIIDEN3—Grand ,nd Varied Ent:Ttainmentv. L.- - 3" For partieular3 soe advertisements. ilorthua MONDAY SEPTEMBER 14, 1857. THE DAY'S NEWS. Captain Rogers was executed on Saturday for the murder of one of his seamen, Andrew Rose The legal tragedy was attended by upwards of thiity thousand people. Their conduct was said to be decorou3, and, although it was expected that manifestations of disapprobation would ensue, a feeling of pity for the fate of the unfortunate man pervaded the breast of the majority of the crowd. Although just, the punishment was deemed severe. No news from India. The telegraph despatch in anticipation of the Overland Mail has not yet reached us, but in all probability, it will have been received before we go to press. That this news' promises to be most interesting is felt by all. Many a father—and, more nearly, many a mother— looks forward to this intelligence with the most intense interest. But even the most worldly and cold-heatted politicians look forward to this mail from India with an anxiety that they secretly confess to themselves. We are waiting anxiously— readers and writers alike. But whilst we wait, our minds are full of the subject. What will it be ? Not over good, we fear, for there is not yet time, nor are there men from England to crush completely the base and treacherous mutiny. But the men are on the way—are arriving from this day—day by day and every day—to help and succour our brave lountrymen and countrywomen, wh) are nobly defending themselves until the moment when the suceourers shall reach them from home, which they know and feel to be on their way as well as we do, who have sent them promptly to their aid. The Observer, of yesterday, says:—" To defeat and punish the miscreants is our lice, °Eject—and it is pleasant to reflect that the first instalments of troops whom we have sent out to inflict this most exemplary punishment to be found in history, are beginning to arrive. From henceforth they will arrive in rapid succession ,until the myrials of barbarians shall be overpowered by the might and majesty of the power of Great Bri tain. We must first put down this barbarous and brutal foray. We have no doubt that we shall be able to do this of actually and completely. Our next business will be to consolidate our dearly-bought power upon a more solid, a more enduring, and a more politic basis than ever it was before." Bu► the ministerial print does not eay how this con• solidation is to be brought about ; this, however, may be left for after consideration. But the sure and only way to obtain and. hold a secure footing in India, is by sweeping away with one fell swoop that incubus of commerce—the Honourable East India Company—and the sooner their eharter is annulled, the better will it be both for England and the East. In another column will be found the report of a speech of Mr. Henley, M P , on the stive of affairs in India. The honourable gentleman is very em phatic in hi 3 denunciation of the mutineers. Tho member for Dungannon has informed his constituents that his services are needed in India, and he does not, he says, hesitate to lend his aid to " put down the mutiny, to re•establish British authority, and to avenge the deed of cruelty and murder. Major Knox does not intimate that he . retires from the Dungannon representation. On the contrary, he says, if it " be the will of a higher Power that he should return, he hopes still to be allowed to watch-over the interests of that ancient and loyal borough." It - will be remembered that Major Knox went off in the same prompt and hurried way when Lis regiment was ordered to the Orimea. Earl Dalhousie has given the sum of £5OO to the land for the relief of the sufferers in India. He is somewhat too prudent to give his pension of £5,000 per annum for such a cause—although several influential journals have said to the con trary. To-day a public meeting is to be held in Liverpool for the purpose of organising subscrip tions towards this fund. We hope, for the honour of the good old town, that the call upon their purses will be met with that liberty which has heretofore characterised the inhabi , ants. The Messengers of the London Court of Bank ruptcy have taken possession of the property of Mr. Thomas Dean, solicitor, who recently absconded. His name does not appear in Friday's Gazette, owing to the usual formal delay, but it will doubtless be comprised in the list of bankrupts to-morrow. Mr. Dean seems to hay, systematica!ly misappropriated funds entrusted to him fur investment, to something like £30,000. When a mm who has borne a respectab7e charac ter during a period cf five and twenty years of professional practice is discovered to have thus betrayed the trust reposed in him, the intimacy of the relations subsisting between the client and his confidential legal adviser renders the blow the store severe. The first examination of Mr. John Townsend, auctioneer, and M,P. for Greenwich, at the London Court of Bankruptcy, tcok place on Saturday. His liabilities are about £4.000. A number of debts were proved ; but a claim by the Kentish Mercury of £2O, for an advertisement of 24.5 lines, being an a liress to his constituents by Mr. Town send, was disallowed. An atrocious murder appears to have been committed in that charming spat, the Nightingale Valley, near Bristol, one of the last places which one would be disposed to associate with so hor rible a deed. On Friday evening the mangled re mains of a lady were discovered by a gamekeeper ; and from the appearance of the body, there can be be no doubt that she perished by other than her own bands. • It is now confidently anticipated that the Belfast riots are at an end. The Mayor of that town has issued a proclamation, calling unou the inhabitants not to assemble in large numbers, and intimating that if such proclamation is not obeyed, those assembled shall be dealt with according to the law. The following is the latest bullitin of tha state Of the town. It is dated Belfast, Saturday : " Last night the town was comparatively quiet. Some random shots were fired from `the Pound' district, and the compliment occasionally returned by the inhabitants of Sandy-row, but nothing of a setious"nature occurred, as none of the parties were permitted to approach the place in which the others rei.if.e, owing to the arrangements made by officers of the constabulary, who divided the large force under their command into parties, and placed them throughout that locality. The constabulary force in town at present numbers upwards of 200 men, fifty having arrived by the four o'clock train yesterday evening, from the Depot, Plicenix-park, Dublin. The continental news is not of much importance thisemorning. The journals of Paris are full of discussions on Indian affairs. Those who do not exult in the state of affairs are at least lavish of good advice. While the Univers rejoices in the prospect that England will be compelled to give Malta to France, other politicians are more modest. They expound the proposal that France should make use of the Indian events, in order to round off hE r settlements in India. France should cede to England her possessions on the Hooghly, the Godavery, and the coast of Malabar, and receive instead a territory near Pondichery. We have Constantinople advices to the . sth inst. The Porte has granted to an English company a railway line from Satnsoun to the old copper mines of Tokat. The Sultan is said to have accepted the terms of a lean proposed by Mr. Ricardo, of London, and Mr. Erlanger, of Ffank fort. several dignatories of the Porte propose to put a son in-law or a brother of the Sultan at the head of Moldavia and Wallachia. If such an arrangement were made the Porte would consent to the union of the Principalities. The news which we published some days ago of the hostility of Austria towards the rekrmatory policy of France in the Pa pal States, is confirmed. The warning of the Vienna Court that reforms at this mament would encourage the revolutionary party, may be a mere pretext, but Austria undei stands very well to what extent the introduction of reforms in Rome would not only increase the moral influence of Rance, but also lead to the strengthen:fly, of her military position in the city of the Seven Hills. The sittings of th(3 Evangelical Alliance at Berlin have commenced. We have received a week's later news from the United States, the steamer Arabia having arrived here yesterday morning. The intelligence is not of muelrimportauee. Mr. Bevereley Tucker, of Vir ginia, had been appointed as Consul for the United States at Liverpool. A severe storm had visited the coast in the vioinity of New York, and several vessels had been wrecked, among them the Clara Brookman, from Liverpool. Yatratan was in a com plete state of insurrection. News of a late date from California is unimportant. The Black Ball clipper ship i\lontmorencey, from Melbourne, wan off Holyhead yesterday afternoon. She sailed from Melbourne on the 16th of June, and brings 50,196 cza. of gold. ANOTHER victim has been strangled upon the scaffold. CALCRAFT has sent another fellow mortal into the world of spirits. The law has wreaked its vengeance upon another murderer, and the blood of ANDREW ROSE has been atoned for by the execution of Captain ROGERS. No similar event of the last ten or twenty years has called forth such an amount of sensation. The execution of GLEESON WILSON, or HEYwoon, the Rochdale assassin, did not call forth a tithe of the excitement; and yet these men suffered for murders of the most diabolical character. Still, when compared with the crime for which ROGERS perished on ;;. 1 lturday, their doocla merciful. We have ever advocated the abolition of capital punishments. Our feelings upon the. subject are strong, and our opinions decided ; and yet, for the first time in our lives, we felt that such was the nature of Captain ROGERS' crime, that it formed an exception to any general rule, and that the stern decrees of the law must be fulfilled. As long as the law pronounces that the mur derer shall perish by the hands of the hangman, nothing could be urged why the life of RoGEns should be spared. He not only aided and assisted in hurrying his victim out of the world, hut to the crime of murder he added that of cruel and hard-hearted torture, thereby levelling his fellow-creature below the very brutes of the field. The screams and shouts of pain which daily came from the throat of his maddened victim only suggested fresh torments and severer tortures. Physical force, canine violence, imp:i sonment in a cask headed up, and without means of ventilation, and hunger and thirst were among the means takcn by the captain and his mates to end the days of the unfortunate man Treatment such as he received would not be tolerated in the most savage nation. The fiendish practices which were carried out on board the Martha Jane would disgrace the cannibals of New Zealand. England, then, could not blink at such a horrid offence ; and hence it was that although the public generally commisserated the fate of the wretched culprit, his case did not present one single redeeming feature to justify a commutation of the sentence, The royal prerogative of mercy was denied to him, not merely to avenge the blood of Rose, but to teach the mercantile marine of the country that such cold-blooded brutalities cannot be tolerated. The safety of the life of the hardy mariner must be secured and preserved, cost what it may. Had Captain R3GERS been transported, the public at large would have been greatly dissatisfied. The shouts of applause which greeted the learned Judge who tried the case as he left the court after passing sentence, clearly showed that the verdict was a righteous one, and that the vox pop ili demanded blood for blood. But well merited as the death of Captain ROCiERS may have been, we are not without hope that the scene of Saturday will do more than aay thing that has occurred for many years to lead to the abolition of capital punishment. Any one who will peruse the report of what took place in the front of the scaffold, and ponder over the expressions of a vast portion of the congregated thousands who flocked to the execution, must come to the conclusion that as a meant for repressing the crime of murder, hanging is ineffectual. This terrible punish ment has been more frequent during the last year or two, and yet murder is as rife as ever. We can hardly publish a single number of the NORTHERN TIMES without it containing some horrid deeds of bloody brutality, or the stealthy actions of the poisoning murderer. The crimes of PALMER and DOVE, and the ignominious end to which they came, did not stop the adminis tration of arsenic for felonious purposes, for it is only two weeks ago since CALCRAFT was called to Lancaster, to hang PEDDAR, for poisoning his wife at Chorley: Neither has the doom of JACKSON and BLAGG, at Chester, and several others of recent date, stemmed the torrent of blood which has been spilled in various parts of the country. It was only a day or two ago that we were called upon to record a diabolical tragedy in one of the London prisons. As far, then, as the repression of the crime of murder is concerned, public executions have little or effect. But not only are they inefficient for the end proposed : they are also positive incentives to crime. Our criminal annals clearly sh3w that some of the most serious crimes agaiwt person and pro perty have been planned and carried out under the scaffold itself. No doubt the police sheet to be laid before Mr. MANSFIELD this morning will contain a record of several of the swell mob who have been practising their nefarious and dishon est calling in front of the gibbet. It will show that the terrors of the law, and the apparatus of death which it sanctions and calls into play, pro duce no effect upon the hardened and depraved. For these reasons alone do we call for the extinc tion of such exhibitions, and that some other punishment than that of death shall be awarded to the murderer. The fate of the two mates will be more terrible to them than had been that of their unfortunate captain. It is a horrifying idea to any man to think that he rnu=t drag out his life in chains—a slave—and shut out from the - world, and all belonging to it. To such persons instant death would be preferable. Now that the horrid deeds of the murder of ROSE have become a matter of history, and that the culprits have been dealt with according to law, let us hope that it toil teach a salutary and lasting lesson to captains and mates to beware how they act in future. We know that they require ample powers to put down insubordina tion. At the same time that can be effected without any of the tortures and acts of brutality perpetrated on board of the Martha Jane. It is full time that the atrocities of brutal captains and their hard-hearted officers should be put down. Many a promising youth has fallen a victim to their blood-thirsty designs, and many brave and courageous sailors have been goaded to deeds of desperation by the unfeeling treatment which they have experienced. Let us have no more of it. Let all in command on board vessels at sea thh-)1 of tho tinth,tely end of Captain ROGERS, and the fate of his mates, and sure we are they will not tolerate such crimes as disgraced the Martha Jane. THE discussion on Mr. WDONALD'S memorial on Wednesday last showed the character of the thick and thin Pike factionists in its true light. It appears that Dr. HofisoN, a Pikeist by•the bye much to his credit, undertook to Move a resolution that the prayer of the Memorial he complied with, and that the matter be referred to a committee, to be named. Unfortunately the worthy Dr. was sent for to attend a gentle man then in the agonies of death, and was thus prevented carrying his benevolent intentions into effect, and the task then devolved on Mr. JEFFERY, who, in a most temperate speech, urged the Council to consider, dispassionately, Mr. M DONALD'S many claims on the Corpora tion, fbr services rendered and injuries sustained in their employment. He showed that Mr. M.DoNALD, while water engineer, had rendered important service to the town, by the intro duction of his plan for extinguishing fires, and that it would only be an act of bare justice, on. the part of the Council, to refer his Memorial to a select committee of Pikeists and anti-Pikeists, which he was prepared to name. . Mr. BANNER seconded the motion, and passed some well deserved compliments on Mr. Nl'DoNat,o's conduct. On the other side followed Mr. Alder man TURNER, and Messrs. TOBIN and TINNE. Mr. TURNER merely remarked that he thought . the Council had acted kindly to Mr. M'DONALD j that a committee had once investigated some charges brought against him, but what their decision was he had forgotten. Messrs. TINNE and TOBIN admitted the efficiency and zeal displayed by Mr. M`DONALD, not only in the police, but in the water works ; the latter expressing his surprise that there should have been such a remarkable change—precisely what Mr. M'DONALD wishes to explain. Mr. TINNE, while conceding to Mr. APDONALD the merit of having been instrumental in introducing the 'high pressure system into Liverpool, yet he con tended that in Nottingham the same system had been in operation for some time previettsly, and he added that the Council had under their con sideration the adoption of this very system at the time Mr. M`DoNALD was nraking his experi ments. We leave Mr. M'DoNALD to reply to these statements. The tone of the three last speakers, though adverse in some degree to Mr. NITONALD, was yet not characterised by any thing like bitte:rness or bad feeling. At last the great gun. of the Pike, the Chairman of the Water Committee, rose, and while disclaiming I 411 anirriosity to Mr. M'DoNALD, and declaring THE NORTHERN TIMES.--LIVERPOOL, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 14. 1857. that he was influenced by public duty alone, poured out a torrent of invective and abuse which completely prejudiced the Council against poor WDONALD, and this, of course, sealed his fate. Mr. JEFFERY pressed his motion to a division, and the result was what might hare been anticipated. With the thunder of Mr. COOPER'S denunciations ringing in their ears, many of the members who it was believed would support the memorial recorded their votes the other way, nor do we wonder at their doing so, under the circumstances. Unfortunately, for Mr. COOPER'S serenity, Mr M'DONALD has yet to be heard in his defence ; and if his allegations prove correct, Mr. CoopEres credit for candour, honour, and veracity, will receive a shock from which they never can recover. Mr. M`DONALD asserts that the charges urged against him last Wednesday were precisely the same which Mr. COOPER had made use of upwards of seven years ago, when he was dismissed by the Water Com mittee of 1849, of which committee Mr. lIARBORD was chairman. Mr. M‘DoNALD had been accused by Mr. COOPER and others, and the accusations had been entertained during his absence, the first notice he had of any proceed ings pending against him being an announce ment of his dismissal in the papers of the day. That he immediately appealed to the Council against that decision. That his memorial was referred to the Water Committee, who reported against Mr. 11‘DoNALD's dismissal, declaring that the charge of making dishonest or incorrect assessments made against him was unfounded ; that all his assessments were proved to be per fectly correcl - , and the mistakes were the fault of others, not Mr. MDONALD'S. In short, the committee found all the charges against him " not proven," and unanimously recommended him to be restored to his office. When this decision was announced the worthy alderman's ire was excited to the last degree ; he redoubled his invectives against poor M`DONALD j he denounced the Water Com mittee as partial, and declared that they had been bamboozled by Mr. MWONALD, whom he described as a cunning electioneerer, who. had brought ward influences to bear on the com mittee.. These charges were indignantly re sented by Mr. PICTON and others. The result was that Mr. COOPER moved the appointment of a special committee to investigate the whole of the charges. This committee consisted of six members, three of whom were magistrates. The investigation occupie'd six days, and at its con clusion Mr. M`DQNALD was declared innocent of all that was laid to his charge, and they unani mously resolved on recommending his instant restoration. Yet, in the face of this decision of hia own c nrnmittPo_ this nhace nlrlarrn%n per tinaciously persists] in renewing his charges whenever he has the chance of doing so. We can only say that if Mr, M‘DoNALD's statements are true, more atrocious conduct than that of Mr. COOPER it never has been our lot to record. What are we to think of the Council who permit their chamber to be converted into an arena where such men as Mr. COOPER can be permitted, with impunity, to damn the fortune and reputa tion of any one who has been honest enough to tell the truth, in opposition to the interested views of Pike jobbers. It is for the Council to say. Assuredly, if the statements furnished by Mr. M.DoNALD prove to be facts, as we believe they will, then is Mr• COOPER inexcusable. Hi conduct is a disgrace alike to himself and the body to which he belongs—it is utterly beneath contempt. But we shall see who is right bye and -bye. A MAN.—The wide world over, where shall we find an " individual man ?" One cast in a distinct and separate mould; a non-conformist; obedient entirely to the laws of his own being ; refusing to be kneaded. over by the customs and conventionalities of the society in which he is born ; with a coat that is not stuck all over with out side badges ; with a face firm enough to brave open ridicule,'and a heart stout enough to execute its own early and inspired conceptions. It is not such a wonder, after all, that the old Greek cynic went about in the day time with a lantern :hunting for a Man. They are really.raro articles, and must needs be hunted. for a great whil e before finding. We are all too much plastered over —so chipped away—so sand-papered off—that the wonder is we know our best frieuds from morning till morning again. There is so much tameness and sameness—we are so evenly ruled] in by parallel lines—that to see one and know him is to see and know the whole class of which he is a representative. Con sidered after this fashion, it was not such a grave joke of the Greek trifler, after, all, who went around with a single brick, as a sample of the house he was so anxious to sell. How,we ape and mimic—pattorn after, and counter feit How we abandon our own c-onvictions, and chase after fashionable notions not one half so good. How we wait for other people to speak first, as if they inherited a better right to speak than we. r. How we plod and follow on, like a troop of idle sehoolboys, having no fixed make up of our own. nothing by which we are ready to take a stand, and then sturdily to defend it. To be yourselt— strictly yourself—is half the battle. Differ rather than al ways subscribe. On the corner stone of that fabric which we entitle manhood, is the monosyllable—No! He who early learns the use of that,invaluable word, has learned the way to peace, and comfort, and safety already. An easy compliance kills out everything. No friction is engendered in the character, and we experience none of the healthy shocks of a good, honest resistance. If a man will 'only learn to look up to himself, and take counsel now and then of his better thoughts and words—if he will but teach himself, under God, a greater trust in his own soul—if he will resolve to give over this guess work study of others, and offer his own native instincts and impulses a chance—he may thenceforward hope that a new future will begin to dawn on him. Respect for others need not degenerate into servitude. But respect for one's self— that is the very alpha and omegaLof all inward com mands. Rather than this servile concession and corepli• ance we prefer to see even stubborn old prejudices growing out of the character. They at least will hold the native soil together, and so an individual life may become compacted at last. As for your downright, honest prejudices, they aro after all to be respected, and freely and heartily admitted to one's friendship. There are many things in the world a great deal worse than prejudices. They are the tough and fibrous, roots that hold a man down to the plane of life, and keep him firm in his place. The winds of ;controversy, and looseness, and ridicule may blow as strongly as they choose from every quarter ; but there he stands. is not every popular tempest even that can move him. He is somewhat of himself. He holds a position. His resolution is not a mere pool of water, to be drawn off into other men's conduits and channels. It is a rugged and well compacted mass, granite in its material, that, if it will not overbear, will not at least consent to be overborne. There is no existing evil without its counterpart'of good; and,„there are far worse things in the world than honest and hearty prejudices. The masses, too, like to look up to a man. They inwardly respect one who stands a head and shoulders taller than they.Slt is natural for them to receive their opinion second-hard, without the trouble of making them up for themselves. In the midst of such influences, we under_ stand how hard it is for onelnot endowed with more than usual energy, to make his mark for himself. All the sur rounding circumstances are against him. And yet out of these very untoward circumstances, it is possible for every man to build up a career and a character that shall be wholly worthy of his highest ideal. All that a man wants, to begin with, is resolution. By no other instru mentality can he over hope to become finally free.— American Prper. TIIE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY'S CEIA.RTER AND TENURV. —The lease of the Company in Vancouver's Island, as well as the license to trade in the Indian territory, over the richest prairie districts in British America, expires in 1859. It is to be hoped that all these will ba opened to trade and settlement under the Canadian government. The Charter granted by Charles the Second is said to be illegal. Canada demands, as an act of justie,e, that this shoald be referred to the proper legal tribunal here, where both parties can be heard by counsel. If the Company can prove their righ's, the country can purchase at a fair value ; if the grant be decided to be i'legal let the monopoly cease. The government cannot halt, but must do its duty, with which interest, influence, or family con nccliens must not interfere. The last mail from Canada has brought accounts of public meetings being held at Toronto (see the NORTHERN TIMEI of 11th inst.) and other cities, on the receipt of tha report of the Committee of the House of Commune, which has given no satisfietion, One of the speakers adding " the country was not theirs to giv e , but ours," when an address to her Msjosty, and both houses of parliament, praying "that the license of trade may not be renewed, and that the claims of the Company under the Charter may be imasediately brought to issue and extinguished" was carried. The home government Ins only one straightforward courss to pursue—to have the matter decided by the tribunals of the country. Nothing else will satisfy the Canadians. And it is better to do this at one', as an act of justice, than to be forced to do so through pressure from without. We have Eisteru troubles enough on hands without driving; by injustice, the most loyal colonists into , disaffection. THE BRITISH PEERAGE SINCE HER MAJESTY'S ACCESSION. While the public are interested in the elevation of Mr. Macaulay and Lord Robert Grosvenor to the Peerage, it may not be out of place to lay before our readers a brief resume of' the titles thus far conferred since Her Majesty's accession. On the 21st day of June, 1837, Queen Victoria, on corning to the Throne, found the House of Peers com posed of about 450 members, exclusive of the spiritual lords and the Scotch and trig' representatives. Her Ma jesty's first act was to give an;English title to the Scot tish Duke of Roxburghe, then just of age, by creating him Earl Innes, and to elevate to the Earldom of Leicester the late father of the House of Commons and the friend of her Royal father, Mr.T.W.Goke, of Hollaham, who had often refused the inferior dignity of a Baron. At the coro nation, in June, 1838, Mr•Fonsonby, the ex-member for Dorsetshire, Mr. H. Tracey, for Tewkesbury, Sir J. Wrote testy, forstateerdshire,and Mr.P.lVlethuen,forWittseire, all of whom had lost their seats at the previous general election, were advanced to the English baronies of De Manley, Sudeley, Wrottesley, and Methuen. At the same time her Majesty conferred English baronies on the Irish Lords Lismore and Carew, and on the Scottish Earl of Kintore, advancing Lords King and Dundas to the earldoms of Lovelace and Ze , tland, and the Earl of Mulgrave to the Marquisite of Normanby,:and summoning the present Duke of Leeds to the Upper House as Lord Osborne. In the course of the same year the title of Lord Vaux of Harrowden was revived in the person of Mr. G. Mostyn. In the course of the following year Lord Melbourne elevated to the peerage a " batch "'of his own more immediate friends and supporters, including ais own brother Frederick, long ambassador. at Vienna, who became• Lord Beauvale ; Col. Talbot, many years the liberal member for the county of Dublin, as Lord Furnival; Sir John T: Stanley, as Lord Stanley Of Alderley ; Mr. Villiers Stuart, as Lord Stuart de Decies ; Mr. Charles Brownlow, who long sat for the county Armagh, as Lord Lurgan; and Mr. Beilby Thompson as Lord Wenloelc—a title which had for a short time bean enjoyed by his bro ther, the late Sir Frances Lawley ; while Mr. A. French, the veteran M.P. for Roscommon, accepted the title of De Freyne. At the same time in Mr.,Chandos Leigh the an cient barony of Leigh was revived, and Mr. Ridley Col ' borne, who had sat for many years for Wells and other places, became Lord Colborne, the first and the last of that title. In the same year the:;late Lord Ponsonby' then ambassador at Constantinople, was promoted to a Viscountcy, which has since expired with him; Mr.A.ber_ croraby, after a four years' tenure of the Speakership, was advanced 'to the title of Lord Dunfermline ;, the an cient Carnoys title was also revived in the person of Mr' Thomas Steno'', who had . sat for Oxford for a few week s in the first reformed Parliament. About the same time Mr. Spring Rice, cn resigning:the Chancellorship of the Exchequer,becameLord:lionteagle of Brandon; Lord Auc kland, the Governor-General of India, was advanced to an earldom ; while the titles of Lord Keane and Lord Seaton were conferred on two general officers who had seen more than the ordinary share of foreign military service. In 1849 Mr. Miles Stapleton obtained in his favour the revival of the ancient Barony of Beaumont, and Sir Jacob Astley, the eXenember for Norfolk, that of Hastings. In le4l another " batch'` of elevations were gazetted just before the retirement of the Melbourne ministry. English baronies were then conferred on the Scotch Earl of Stair and the Irish Earl of Kenmare, while Sir John Campbell became at a leap Lord Camp bell and Lord Chancellor of Ireland ; Sir Hussey Vivian and Sir Henry Parnell were made respectively Lords Vivian and Congleton, the late Duke of Norfolk and the present Errl of Gostord at the same time being called to the Upper House in their father's baronies, and Lords Barham and Segrave being advanced to the earldoms of Gainsborough and Fitz Hardinge. Not long after wards Mr. Poulett Thompson, then Governor-General of Canada, was created Lord Sydenham, but the title, we believe, became extinct within the year. In August, 1841, Lord Melbourne resigned, having conferred no leis than 42 coronets in four years. It is but justice to his successor, the late Sir R. Peel, to state that he discontinued the es tablished practice of confer ring the honours of the Peerage with a lavish hand. On taking office he found that there were two gentlemen whose services he required in the Upper House. They were the eldest sons of Peers, and had long enjoyed seats in the Commons. These noblemen Her Majesty was pleased at once to call to the Upper House in their father's baronies, and they aro now the the Earls of Derby and Lonsdale At the same time the late Lord Hill, the .Comeeander-in-Chief at the Horse Guards, was advanced from a Barony to a Vis countcy. Sir Robert Peel remained in office till the close of the summer of 1845, just five years ; but during that time the only other Roglish peerages conferred were the Barony of Metcalfe (since extinct) on the late Slr C. T• Metcalfe, the Earldom of Ellesmere on Lord Francis Egerton, and the Viscountcy of Hardinge on Sir Henry 'larding, besides the advancement of General Gough to a barony, and of Lord Ellenborough to an Earldom, for their Indian careers. On their return to office in 1846, the Whig party renewed their practice of increasing the Peerage., In the five years during which Lord John Rue- / sell held office we find the Earl of Dalhousie advanced to a Marquisate, Lords Stratford and Cottenhana to earl . doms, ead Lord Gough to a viscountcy, while the baronies of Dartrey; Milford,i; Elgin, Clandeboy, Eddisbury► Londesborongli i ,:Overstone, Truro, Cranwortb, and _Broughton, were conferred respectively upon Lord Cr& morne, Sir R. B. Phiti:pps, the :Earl of Elgin, Lord Dufferin, Mr. E. J. Stanley, Lord Albert Conynghereo Mr. Jones Lloyd, Sir Thomas Wilde, Sir R. M. Rollo, and Sir John Cam Hobhouse. Mr. Byng, too, was called to the Upper iHouse as Lord Stratford. It was the boast of Lord Derby that during his brief Ministry of 1852 he had advised Her Majesty to . raise 'to the Peerage three individuals, and three only—Sir Edward Sugden, Lord Fitzroy Somerset? and Sir Stratford Canning, since", better known to our readers as Lord St. Leonard's, Raglan, and Stratford de Reticliffe, Lord Aberdeen did not avail himself of his premiership from 1852 to 1855 to confer a single peerage on his friends. The: first English coronet bestowed by Lord Palmerston was the unhappy life peerage which lit upon the head of Baron Parke, but subsequently exchanged for one with a less questionable title. Since then Sir Gilbert Heatheote has been made Lord Aveland ; Sir V. Lyons, Lord Lyons ; Mr. E. Strutt, Lord Belper ; and the late Speaker, Mr. Shaw Lefevre, Viscount Everslel" Lord lenmare and Talbot de Malahide have .beee honoured with English baronies, and Lord Shelburne has been called to the Upper House in his father's barony of Wycombe ;land now, last of all, we chronicle this del the elevation of Lord Robert Grosvenor and Mr. Macaulay to the coronets of English barons. THE LIVERPOOL ACADEMY'S EXHIBITION. The private view of the paintings which form this year's' exhibition took place on Saturday, and was very nurser' °ltaly attended. The hurried glance at the contents of the rooms, which the time allowed, would scarcely enable 12 0 to speak of this season's display in other than very gene ral terms. There appears rather a fewer number than usual of works of local artists, a tad . which vre regret to observe. The pre-Raphaelite element largely prevails indeed, if we might be allowed so vigor' us an expression, we would say it runs to waste throughout the exhibition. veryvvheie the visitor turns he is met by the same sharp outlines, minute details, and photographic effort at idea' thy with the objects represented. Millar's " Sir Ina, bart at the Ford," for . which every one eagerly looked upon entering, hal not arrived up to the time of our visit. A blank space upon the wall,. with a chalk inscription, informing visitors that an accident , : Lad delayed its corning, was all we had to see instead' of this much-discussed, lauded, and abused painting"' It was, however, expected to arrive on Saturday' evening, and probably has, before this,• filled up its place. We did not observe that any of Holman Hunt's pictures wee in the collection. Mr. Ford Maddox Browns. whose painting of " Christ Washing Peter's Feet" was awarded the prize at our last exhibition, has several pie" tures here this year. Among them is one, " English Autumn Afternoon—Hampstead scenery," which is cer• tain to create considerable discussion. We are not very enthusiastic admirers of this artist's style, either in figures or landscape, but, at the same time, it can scarcely be questioned that in this ;painting there is much beauty of colouring, and rich, soft autumnal scenery, to make one forget the singular harshneso and painful attention to minutiae with which he microscopically labours to imitate nature. A painting by Millais, "The Blind Girl," is even a more surprising specimen of the pre-Raphaelite school than the " Awakened Chnscience." If such fields—and trees—and skies—and such a rainliew , are truthful representations of nature, then it seems to us that neither Italian nor German, Euelish nor French schools can pretend to compare in this quality with the Chinese schools of art. The teaelray, the willow" pattern plate, can alone surpass this marvel of outlines and colours, Mr Solomon's fine paintieg, " Waiting for the Verdict," attracted well deserved attention. The bowed figure of the broken old man, who covers his face with his hands in the agony of expectation ; the grie f " worn face and distracted appearance of the woman, and . tale cony baby in delight with the novelties around it, are: simply and affsctingly life-like. There is a p a i n ting hr Mr. Stirling, entitled the " Princes and the Seen' Dwarfs," around which groups seemed to gather the on °l° of the day. ft is full of vigour, and animated varied e lt* pressions, telling enough of its own tale to make us sell sible of its interest. The fable itself we recollect to ha ve reada but can scarcely tell where—perhaps in the Brothers, .Grimm's famous collection. We well re" member, however, an exquisite poem, by! Ferdinand Freibgrath, in which an allusion is made to the stcry. in lines which we may, perhaps, translate from memory after this-fashion : "In the dim old times, of which legends tel 4 A King once banished his only child, And she strayed far over the hills to dwell With seven dwarf youths in the greenwood wild; But a draught from her Finless mother% hand Soon robbed of life the poor little maid; And her tiny and faithful companion band In a coffin of crystal her body laid.." The catastrophe ce . f the fable, however, has not come about , at the moment the picture represents. The wandering Princess is here found by her kindly little guardians .fast' asleep in the bed which one of them owns. A. very grace" . ful picture, although of a somewhat too refined and unreal style, is " Canute listening to. the Monks of Ely,"' neat which is a very striking painting entitled "Life in,South Africa," " A. Florentine Holiday," from Boccaccio ;. and 3 ` " Souvenir of Scutari," are remarkable pictures, in 'ithe same vicinity. " Mr.Vandenhoff, in the character of Sktoek," is a truthful and very well painted portrait. Several of Mr. Erskine Nicolls's admirable and lively paintings have a place, we are glad to see; in, this collec tion. There are many very beautiful landscapes and sea paintings, some over which we could gladly stay longra and of which we could speak in praise at greater length than our space would now admit. Mark Anthony has two paintings, each full of a peculiar beauty. We must mention a large painting by Mr. Norbury, " coedelia Disinherited," of which a well—deserved eulogy might be spoken, notwithstanding that one might have thought tho subject utterly exhausted in all varieties of art, and that the attitude of the group has the fault, very common' to pictures from Shakespeare, as if the artist drew upon his recollection of a stage representation, rather than )1 15 own conception of the poet's scene. Mr. Leslie's' " Hertnione " appears to us not free from the sahl° - defect. " Tartufre at Supper," is scarcely as satisfactory a realisation of the group as one- might have expected to see. Madame Organ lying on the sofa with the headache is the best figure; Darin?, is not at all petite and piqncslite enough to meet our ideas of that most lively and humorous of waiting-maids. We must not omit to mention Mr. Frank Howard's ,“ Ophelia Drowning," 5 picture original in its kind, although of a subject which art has often followed. It is a p'Ainting whose merits deserve a better place than the somewhat unfavourable s; of to which it has been consb_::ned. There are several portraits in the collection deserving of notice, among which we most eqlecially point to that of Mr. William Brown, by Sir J. Watson Garden, a fine likeness as mos t visitors could testify on Saturday, by comparison with the original, when Mr. Brown,. with some of his friends" personally inspected it ; and that of Mr. John Stewart our late mayor, by Mr. Robertson. Some of Mr. Dobbin's carefully finished exteriors and interiors of Continenta l churches will be observed with pleasure by the visitors e t this season. We have already said that in such a notice alt his we cannot attempt oven to mention many of the prig' cipal works these roams contain. The few we have mime' rated we have only selected by• a kind of random hap' hazard. We shall have opportunities hereafter of' expressiog our opinion in detail, and endeavouring to do something like justice to the contents of the exhibition. It may b e said, however, that there is more variety of subject that; we have lately seen, and a happy freedom from many the stock groups one wearies over year after year. It is specially gratifying to add, that what are tercas! "classic subjects" are almost entirely absent. This, at least, is some compensation to those who may think With us, that the school which Mr. Ruskin patronises, is son 2e. what over prolific in its contributions this season. [Since writing :the above, :we learn that . the missi lig picture has arrived.] l, at th Sept. G e , and G tleari 3 141.10,1 TI1( Irre gi 23rd k u whi e b Th, The went, G ej se cou triga At , Abl e t A e %lei, Sir Thl Were A Nati v kahi u '4lliti l ttltba Orr, Itut a ItEtve i tli 'have ' er e t ti loot , Of A . and -Aug, C o :a ria India in utir t he r, tb Th th day. Th 'Cons T 1 Bait with ou n( had Yet the 4 a3 S a/zi on With th oi