Northern Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1859-02-14 00:00:00

gommatiai sitlits. THIS DA.Y THIS DAY, the 14th instant, at the Brokers' Office, 7, Exchange-chambers, 300 Barrels Common American ROSIN, now landing ex City of Washington (s.), from New York.— Apply to FRANCIS J. EATON, Broker. Tnxs DAY, the 14th instant, at One o'clock, at the Brokers' Office, 19, Exchange-buildings, About 25 Cwt. of Wet PICKLNGS, ex Oregon, from Mobile i lying in Dean's, 362, Gibraltar-row.— Apply to • MARRIOTT and' Co., Brokers. Tara DAY, the 14th instant, at Twelve o'clock, at the Commercial Saleroom, 270 Cases Valentia ORANGES, 1 112 Ditto Barcelona DITTO, ex Ebro 'a.s." .200 Boxes Palermo. DITTO, 200 Ditto Ditto Bitter DITTO, 18 Ditto Mandarin DITT', ex Tiber (s.s.), 18 Ditto Palermo LEMONS, 410 Ditto Ditto ORANUES, lex Ella( 40 Ditto Ditto Bitter DIT 800 Cases Valenti& DITTO. ex Turia 400 Ditto Messina LEMONS, ex Express, Bilboa CIIESNUTS, Turkey, Dlack Spanish, and Para NUTS Apply to GEORGE BADENACII and SON, Brokers. !onstance THIS DAY, eke 14th instant, at Eleven o'clock, at the Broker's Office, 9 Barrels PINE APPLES, just landed ex Ae-menian, from Africa. Now on view.—Apply to THOMAS PARRY, Broker. 15, North John-street. Tats Dew, the 14th instant, at Twelve o'clock, at the Brokers'' office, 18 Casks Fine SFEERM OIL, 15 „ HEAD MATTER, • now landing ex De Witt Clintoti.—Apply to • BIGLAND, SONS, and JEFFREYS, Brokers -TOM DAY, the 14th instant, at Twelve o'clock, at the Brokers' Office, 16, Exchange-buildings, 300 Barrels American LARD, •For' particulars apply to J. H. RAYNER and Co., Brelkers TO- M it it W To4Oattow, the 15th instant, at .Twelve o'clock, at the Broker's Office, 16, Exchange-buildings, 370 Bags NIGER SEED, 7 Packages. Consolidated CASTOR OIL, 9 Cases East India COMPOSITION WAX. J. H. RAYNER and Co., Brokers WEDNESDAY On WEDNESDAY next, the 16th instant, at Twelve o'clock at noon, on the Quay, east side Brunswick Dock, Liverpool, 469 Logs very superior PITCH PINE SQUARE TIMBER, con taining a large proportion of spar Pieces, ranging up to 85 feet in length, and measuring 42,227 feet, being the cargo now landing *ex lialos, from Savannah, U.S.A. On account of the importers. Apply to A. F. and D. MACKAY, Brokers. 2, Parliament-street, East side Queen's Dock. 5116 On account of whom it may concern. Unclaimed cargo, ea Napoleon 111., from'Bombay On WEDNFSDAY next, - the 16th ins . Brokers' Office, • 14 Bales COTTON, . 1 Bag DITTO PICKINGS, 2 Bales East India WOOL. BROWNE, TIUNTER, and Co.; Broker, .nt, at Twelve o'clock, at the 2, Dale-street, •Apply to Apply to On WznxEsoAy next, the 16th instant, at Twelve o'clock, at the Brokers' Office, 16, Exchange-buildings, 50 Tons TALLOW OIL. For particulars apply to J. 11. RAYNER and Co., Brokers. THURSDAY. Postponed from Tuesday, the 15th instan On THVEZDAY next, the 17th instant, at Twelve o'clock, at the Brokers' Office, 16, Exchange-buildings, 500 Bags• American RED CLOVERSEED, sp Bags Styrian 500 Bags TIMOTHY SEED, 200 Bales Italian RYEGRASS, 50 Hhds. Fine New Dutch Sowing FLAX SEED. J. H. RAYNER and' Co., Brokers. Apply to On THURSDAY next, the 17th . instant, at Twelve o'clock, at the Broker's Office, 3,000 Dry Salted HIDES, - 300 Dri HIDES, • ex Isabella Ridley, from Bahia.—Apply to Messrs, Edward Johnston, Son, and Co., Merchants; or to SAMUEL BECKWITH, Broker. FRIDAY On FRIDAY next, the 18th instant, at Twelve o'clock, at the Broker's Office, 16, Exchange-bnildings 609 Bags CASTOR PUMICI landed ex De Witt Clinton, from New York.— Maclean, Maris, and Co., Merchants ; or to J. H. RAYNER and Co., Brokers Apply to Messrs On FRIDAY next, the 18th instant, at Twelve o'clock, at the Broker's Office, 7, Exchange-chambers, '1 ithebarn-street, 780 Bales Mexican FIBRE (part all faults), of superior quality, now landing ex Euphemia, from Tampico.— For further particulars apply to Messrs. Leech, Harrison, and Forwood, Merchants ; or to FRANCIS J. EATON, Broker ®t Sate. J. R. CAMERON, CHRONOMETER MANUFACTURER AND OPTICIAN, 54, SOUTH CASTLE-STREET r •LIVERFOOL. MARINE CHRONOMETERS . ON SALE OR HIRE. GOLD and SILVER WATCHES, SEXTANTS, QUADRANTS, BAROMETEI?B, TELESCOPES, CHARTS FROM LATEST SURVEYS lIISTORY OF THE .WORKING. CLASSES; Every Saturday, in the lioaruEsx DAILY TIMES, Price e - Penny WARM WINTER CLOTHING, THE GENTLEMAN'S OUTFITTING WAREHOUSES, 26, BOLD-STREET. P. L. MACTAGGA.RT. 24 AND INVERNESS WRAPPERS. • OVER COATS. DRESSING GOWNS. DRAWERS AND VESTS. FANCY FLANNEL SHIRTS. RAILWAY RUGS AND PLAIDS. MUFFLERS AND SCARFS. FLANNELS AND BLANKETS. BOYS' WINTER CLOTHING TO CORRESPONDENTS. Under no circumstances can we insert communications not accompanied by the author's real name and address, not neces sarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. AMUSEMENTS, MEETINGS, &c.--THIS DAY. THEATRE ROYAL—lir. and Mrs. Charles Mathews. ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE — EngIish Opera Company. HENGLER'S CIRQUE VAR lETE—Miscellancous Attractions. THE PARISIAN GALLERY OP ANATOMY, Paradise -street. MANDERS' MENAGERIE— Foot of Shaw's-brow. CLAYTON HALL—CnriSty'S Minstrels. ite" For particulars see advertisements on Bth page jrEl MONDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1859 , NOTICE. To-morrow We shall publish, by desire,' a full report of the Lecture on " Religion—lts Relation to Life ; Domestic, Social, Commercial, Political," delivered last night, by the Rev. Geo. Parry, of Salford, at the New Jerusalem church, Bedford street. Orders for extra copies of the paper should be sent in to-day to avoid disappointment. THE DAY'S NEWS The amounts from Paris dated Friday evening . state th a t N i. allowed p asstaogaepsi,aara Emile Girardin's Pamphlet-had been but not until sundry objection ablereferenbeen expunged and, which it is said, had to his opinions as to the impracticability of wcaei. and liberty being too plainly stated. The pPamarpishi et respondent of the Herald says the adsacslestined to make con hesierable sensation, and For many years has laid aside his pen, On ' t " express ground that as he could not write freely,he preferred not writing at aIL A year ago he N he under a bor rowed signature a few articles in the Courier de Paris, with the heading, and Liberty." The theme was is a Empire to the authorities, the manne r greeable it still more so, and the journal treating w given to understand that the series as soon be • discontinued. Since that time, m_ in-- de --; Girardin, who has long been closely connected with Prince Napoleon , ha s a c cepted office under hil - I'l a member of the consultative council of Algeria, as and, therefore, must be considered to have rallied to the empire through the prince, and perhaps on condition that he may enjoy a certain latitude to develope that liberal side of Napoleonism of which the Prince has to be .considered the repre sentative. So far as can be judged - of the tenor of his pamphlet, from a hurried first reading, it seems to us to be written under A' sort of tacit understanding that he should be allowed to express his own opinions very plainly against the particular practical war whic h is now imminent, on condition that he should ventilate the idea of a grand universal war, which he perhaps thinks would be still more congenial to the mind of the Emperor if *ere were any chance of the country supporting him in it. He thinks that to make war for the miserable purpose of turning Austria out of Italy wou ld be an unworthy " waste of powder," which had better be kept to be used against—pleasantprospeet !—Prussia and England. He combats with great ability, paragraph by paragraph, the various pretexts put forth by the official pamphlet, " Napoleon 111. et l'ltalie," to Justify an armed intervention in the Peninsula. He shows, in terms which must severely try the temper of the imperial prompter of that pro duction, that the deplorable state of things now existing in Rome is not justly attributable to Austria, bat to himself, on account of his having bombarded Rome in 1849. He ridicules the idea of making the Pope President of an Italian Confederation, and quotes Napo leon I. to show the impossibility of reconciling the Pope's spiritual infallibility with temporal re sponsibility. The emancipation of Lombardy from the thraldom of - Austria, which he admits to be most desirable, he thinks might be attained by time, peace, and the pressure of opinion, and he positively joins issue with the pamphlet on one of its main positions—that Austria can never be expected to yield without fighting, becauSe she would be committing suicide. But in. the second part of the pamphlet he says that if, con trary to his opinion, France feels the " absolute necessity" of making war, he would like to see a general war carried on by the aid of a Russian alliance against England and Germany for the purpose of avenging Waterloo and founding two grand empires—the Empire of the West for France, and the Empire of the East for Russia. This scheme he show's by copious extracts 'from writings of Napoleon I. and Napoleon 111. would be a true carrying out of the " Idees Napoleon iennes." He concludes :—"lf the object be to interfere in the affairs of the Romans, to place the Lombards under the Piedmontese government, in spite of the remembrance of the assembly of Lugano in 1848, and" to have an Italian confedera tion presided over by the Pope, we shall say, Peace ! If it be wished to take reveng-e for Waterloo, to restore the left bank of the Riine to France, tb realise, in fact, the programme of St. Helena and of Ham, and to found the great European Association, we then say, War ! Either war with its conquests or peace with its pro- - War rumours continue still in the ascendant, but nothing further had transpired to show in which way the present difficulties will ultimately be solved. A Paris correspondent says, " Though six weeks have elapsed since the first tidings of a serious misunderstanding between France and Austria first threw Europe into a panic, a solution appears as far off,as ever. Nevertheless, I am as sured that diplomacy has not been idle, but it does not appear that any satisfactory understanding has been arrived at. It would be premature at this stage of the proceedings to state what has been done ; it will be sufficient to say that as yet Austria has steadily refused to make concessions which the Cabinet of Vienna feel would amount to the aban donment of all the Austrian possessions of Lom bardy. The Paris papers state that in every arsenal in France, guns and stores are on the move to the Mediterranean, and to Lyons. In the canton of Ticino, and in that of Valais, Swiss volunteers are being enrolled for service in the Piedmontese camp. A demand has been made on the federal Government by Bavaria, to allow war steamers on the Lake of Constance. The Duchy of Nassau has imitated the Chambers at Munich by a pro hibition against horses going into France ; and Deputy Rau, at Wiesbaden, on the Bth of Feb., made a violent speech about the " solidarity of all German States," whose duty it is to rally round any single member of the confederation, when its territory is violated. He moved an address in that sense to the Diet at Frankfort. The Danish Government has found it necessary to contradict officially the rumour that it was in treaty with President Buchanan for the sale to the United States of its island of St. Thomas for a good round sum. The alarm at Rome, in what is termed the " sacred college," manifests itself in the sending of a special Envoy, Cardinal Brunelli, to remonstrate at Paris against any change in the state machinery of that part of Italy. The actual Nuncio, Saccom, is not listened to here. At no former period Were there so many archbishops and prelates from the various provinces of Austria gathered at Rome as if for some common object—the Primate of Hungary, ditto of Croatia, and. a score of others seem to be at work, and it is generally supposed that the innumerable difficulties the new Concordat en counters from the civil authorities all over the empire is what they have o n h an d, mos t o f th em having had interviews with Kaiser Franz Joseph before their departure for Italy. _ _ Next Monday (14th) is fixed for• the grand ball at the Hotel de Ville, given by the City of Paris to Princesse Clotilde. A credit of 250,000 E is voted by the Town Council for that occasion. The depression in the value of British Rail way Stock is just now occupying a good deal of attention. It is remarked that one of the imme diate causes of the prevailing uneasiness rests with the unbridled violence of an influential portion of the French press.. Hitherto the Paris journals have been amenable to the slightest direction emanating from the government. Re peatedly they have been warned off forbidden fields of disCussion. It is an inevitable consequence of this system that when they launch out in a bold strain, the onus of permission, or of direct inspiration, rests upon the government. No wonder, then, that a constant agitation is kept up in the public mind, seeing that the principal journals including one which is notoriously inspired by a near relative of the Emperor— as well as distinguished pamphleteers, who are known on former occasions to have been put forward as mouthpieces of the Cabinet, vie with each other in invectives against Austria, and in disparagement of the validity of those treaties upon which the peace of .Europe depends. The Siecle, for example, has just distin,guished itself by an article which boldly de rides the treaty. of 181.5 as out of date, and as calling for repudiation on the part of the second French. Empire. We know well that the French censor ship of the press is no myth ; why, then, if the Emperor's intentions are pacific, are such pains taken to fling down the gauntlet to foreign powers, and to inoculate the mind of the fickle French nation with the idea of coming war ? - A dreadful fire occurred at 85, High-street, Whitechapel, London, on Saturday morning, by which two persons unfortunately lost their lives. The particulars are given elsewhere. The election for the West Riding of Yorkshire, to supply the vacancy caused by the elevation of Lord Viscount Goderich to the House of Lords, takes place to-day, at Wakefield. Sir John Win. Ramsden is the only candidate in the field, and it is expected that his election will be unopposed, as he has received the support of the leaders of the Liberal party, and the Conservatives have resolved not to contest the seat unless some unforeseen opposition be got up by some of the Bright school. The election for East Worcester shire, in the room of Colonel Rushout, will take place either on Saturday or Monday next. There is a good deal of excitement through out the county, and meetings continue to be held on behalf of both parties, Mr. Pakington is now in London, having been obliged to decline taking an acti ve part i n t h e canvass, s i nce t h e first week, from an attack of indisposition, but itjis understood that he will be present in person on the day of nomination. In the meantime, Lord Ingistre and the H on . F . Lygon attend public meetinga on his behalf. At the Police Court on Saturday, the magistrates d Prince, e o , o n her were engaged f or sometime in , hearing a' very a m g e g r i c • a h v a a n t t e casel fassault passaage mate of th e vesse l. from Bomb a y t o , committed on board th e Liverpool, by the captainP The case again s t th e ea tall was dismissed, but the mate was fined five pounds. The report worthy of perusal, in another cohimn. THE PAPER DUTY. IF the answer'of Lord DERBY to the deputation that has waited upon him, as First 11iinister of the Crown, respectingthe repeal of the Paper Duty, is to be regarded: as extinguishing all hope of so manifest an act of justice and expediency being done in the present Session of Parlia,ment, it will certainly create very general and very great dissatisfaction., It was scarcely to be expected, per haps, that the Premier should give any positive promise on the subject, especially if the Chancellor of the Exchequer's financial details are not yet all decided upon and arranged. But we would fain hope that so important an object as that of the repeal of a duty which not only impedes the promotion of general education, and the spread of useful information among the masses, but obstructs and depresses the trade in a most impor tant staple product of the country, and thereby operates to the discouragement 'of enterprise and industry, will not be considered unworthy, in' the present state of the nation, of hav ing some, sacrifice made for its accomplish ment,: should that be necessary, rather • than any longer continue the evils that it is to remove. We say in the present state of the nation, more particularly with reference to the measure of Parliamentary Reform which her Majesty's Ministers are on the eve of bringing forward. That measure is to provide for a larger extension of the suffrage,—certainly it will not be accept able to the country if it does not,—it is to bring within the pale of the Constitution, as it were, a vast accession of the respectable working classes. How all-important, then, that among such classes there should be promoted that intelligence which is to qualify them for the right discharge o f th e , new obligations to -be imposed Upon them as Par:- liamentary electors. Ignorance, want of correct information, and the misconceptions and preju dices arising therefrom, can alone render such ,an extension of the electoral franchise in anywise adverse to the true interests of the kingdom. And if the Paper Duty has the effect—as there is the most indisputable proof that it has—of preventing the people gaining all the useful knowledge they will now more than ever require, in their more responsible political and social position, then most unquestionably does the subject of the repeal of that Obnoxious and pernicious duty assume a far greater importance than before, and become so urgent as to call for even a financial sacrifice to effect it. It is a political axiom most incontrovertibly sound and true, that in proportion as the structure of a system of legislation and government gives force to public opinion, such public opinion should be enlightened by the general diffusion of useful knowledge, and public intelligence. And if the Paper Duty obstructs, as it has over and Over again been shewn to do, that necessary diffusion, then is its repeal, in fact, a most indispensable accompaniment of any such measure of Reform. Let us hope that such considerations as these will yet prevail. It is very likely that, in the pre sent state of the national finances, such a remission of duty may be inconvenient.. But it must be remembered, that it is a duty which the House of Commons has already condemned its impolitic; and that on this account, if on no other, it ought immediately to be got rid of. THE NORTHERN TIMES MONDAY, FEBRUARY 'l4, 1859 and others of only 4 1-10 years; while of some rails of the Montour (American iron purchased in the early part of 1851), about 1,000 tons have proved to be of a very superior quality, and exhibit a durability of 12 65-100 years. There are many things, it is admitted, to affect the wear of iron, which are not apparent to a casual observer. The same quality of iron on a dry and well-ballasted road-bed, with adequate drainage at all times, and with good and abundant - cross-ties and joint fastenings, always kept in adjustment, will show a durability at least twice as great as when laid on a road-bed of common earth or clay, with ordinary cross-ties and joint fastenings, and in adequate drainage. But then they say, that while, with respect to their own line, " as there is no road in this country equally well ballasted and drained in all its parts, and none having everywhere the same character of cross-ties and jOint fastenings, so the• wear of iron will riot be the same on its different sections ;" and that therefore this' variation in road-bed may account for the various degrees of durability of the iron to some extent. " Nevertheless, in our case," they declare, " there is a sufficient margin to enable us to decide upon the preferable iron with tolerable accuracy." And their decision is of course against the general quality of English iron. This has very natural led to their adoptiOn, of late years, of their own native material. " For two or three years past," they state, " we have laid down wholly American iron, either from the Montour Works, or from the establishment of REEVES, BUCK and Co., weighing fifty pounds per lineal yard, instead of iron of sixty and sixty-five pounds per yard, as formerly. We save in the material, and consequently in first cost, twenty or thirty per cent. The quality and the manUfac lure of the light iron is superior to the heavy iron, and thus a more uniform rail is secured. This iron has not been laid sufficiently long to enable us to estimate, with entire - accuracy, its durability. Light iron of this kind requires a more careful preparation of the road-bed, more perfect drainage and adjustment of the joint fastenings, and about twenty-five per cent. more cross-ties. Laid in this way, it will probably be found as durable, or more so, than a rail of sixty or sixty-five pounds per yard. A fair estimate of the average dura bility of the iron, based upon the experience of this road, is ten years, or in other words, we must lay ten miles of new track annually to keep the road up in a state of entirely reliable efficiency." This is likely, then, it is evident, to lead to a large diminution in the demand for Eng lish iron,—the more especially as there is .plenty of iron in the very State through which their line runs. It shews, we think, the impolicy, in the long run, of the spirit of competition which, by beating down the price of an article, necessitates a deterioration of the quality. Had our English Railway iron continued to be, as it is admitted it was " in the early days of Railroads," so good that the rails are still pronounced " the best that have ever been laid down," it is more than probable that England would have continued to furnish their principal supply. But a different, a deteriorated system of doing business is having the effect of taking that trade away from us,—a trade, be it remembered, of at least some three millions sterling a-year. ENGLISH RAILWAY IRON IN AMERICA THE consumption of English Railway Iron in the United States must, for many years past, have been immense. We have no means at hand of ascertaining very correctly the entire amount ; but if is evident, on the face of it, that upwards of twenty thousand miles of Railways could not be constructed and kept in working order without enormous appropriations of iron rails ; and for the principal portion of which they had to have . recourse to England. We find by an official general statement of foreign imports of the United States, now before us, that the importations of bar iron from England alone has been as much as eight millions •of hundred-weights a-year--of the estimated value, taken for the ad valorem duty of twenty-four per cent., of upwards of fifteen millions of dollars, or three millions of pounds sterling. It is evident, therefore, that the United States must have been valuable customers to us for Railway iron, for many years past. And Liverpool, as the principal port for exportation to America, must undoubtedly have been greatly benefited thereby. We are exceedingly sorry to find, therefore, that English Railway iron is now running the risk of getting into rather bad repute in the United States. A report has lately been issued by one of the great American Railway Companies (the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Bajtimore), in which a statement is given. of , their experience in the use of English and American iron ; and it is most unfortunate, we cannot but think, that English iron is pro nounced to be very inferior —often so inferior, indeed, as to be comparatively worthless for Rail way purposes. It seems that within eight years the whole track between Philadelphia and Balti more —a distance of about 100 miles—has been relaid with various kinds of T iron, of both English and American manufacture ; and that with the view of ascertaining the average durability of these different kinds, every bar was submitted to the examination of an experienced inspector. " There is no question," says the Report, " that the rails manufactured in England, in the early days of Railroads, were the best that have ever been laid down; but as the demand on this side increased, and the price diminished by strongcom petition, the English iron rapidly degenerated, till finally many lots were sent here that were not worth the expense of laying down. A good portion of the material used was from the cinder beds and refuse of the establishments manufacturing them." So that, if this be true, one can scarcely be .sur prised to find, that the English rails upon the track in question have proved to be very inferior. Some of thom that have been taken up show, it is stated, an average deterioration of 8 63-100 per annum, or a duration equal to 11 58400 years,—. other portions an average duration of 9 8-10 years, COTTON IN INDIA IF it be in any degree true—as we had Mr. BUSHELL'S word that it is, in his speech in our Chamber of Commerce, which we have already re narked upon —" that the Cotton plant is to be the civiliser of the world; that by its increased growth, and by its cultivation, we shall have pro gress, we shall have civilisation, not in our depen dencies alone, but thioughout the length and breadth of the world ; " and that, as respects our Eastern dominions, in particular, "the Cotton fibre, insignificant as it may seem to some, will bind India to England by stronger bonds than all the armies which England can pour into that country ;" ole can scarcely overrate the interest of such a subject, especially in a town like Liverpool. Now our readers, or many of them, are probably aware that there exists a society called the Cotton Supply Association, the object of which is to en deavour to obtain Cotton from other countries on equal or better terms than from America, and there has just been g published a letter to the Chairman of the Association, by Mr. J. B. SMITH, M.P., communi cating his opinion upon the capabilities of India to compete with America in supplying us with this important produce,—his opinion, formed, as a mem ber of the Indian Cotton Committee of Parliament, from the evidence adduced before it. And the substance of that opinion is this,—that whereas in America 400 lb. per acre is the average produce of Cotton, in India there are Cotton growing dis tricts which, by proper cultivation, will yield as much as 600 lb. per acre. The experiment, it seems, has been tried ; and such was the result. But then tilis can only be accomplished by great energy and enterprise. It is not only the cultiva tion of the plant ; but there have to be extensive buildings provided, filled with machinery, to be worked by steam, for cleaning and packing the Cotton. If, therefore, we are to look to India for supplies of a product that has become indispensa ble to the progress and prosperity of our manufactur ing and commercial interests, attention must be directed to the subject here at home; for it is from our own resources that the requisite means for the purpose must be obtained. Mr. SMITH, it seems, has arrived at the conclusion that India is capable of furnishing abundance of this produce; " and I doubt," he declares, "if there be any part of our dominions which offers equal advan tages to English enterprise and capital, and none where their presence would more benefit the natives." The importance of enterprise and capital, in such a case, may be illustrated by reference to the improvement which machinery has been found capable of effecting in the quality and condition of the Cotton in the South ern States of America, in some parts of which it has been carried to such• a height of perfection, as to have not only brought the material itself to a superior state of preparation for the manufacturer, but to have, by a slight eaten sion of the process, converted it into yarn upon the spot. In Alabama a machine of the kind has been invented, and is now, we believer in successful operation, which saves 10 per cent. of ordinary waste, as well as carries out the process to the conversion of the material into yarn. The Cotton once taken from the gin is placed in the machine, and . gradually, yet expe ditiously, is converted into that article -itself a kind of raw material to so many of our textile fabrics. All the leaf and trash are thrown out in the operation ; and the machinery is worked by the ordinary field-hands,—furnishing, one cannot but think, a valuable hint for India. It is true that, at present, in India, there are many obstacles in the way,--such as the existing land tenure, the want of roads, defects in the administration of justice, and the absence of due security for life and property, which at present discourage the settlement of Europeans in India. But these evils are, most of them, now in process of removal ; and were the country once restored to tranquillity, there is every reason to hope for the speedy redress of every real grievance, under the new system of government which is being put is operation there. As Mr: BUSHELL further showed, " Lord STANLEY has told us that already the Government has come under guarantee - s to the amount of something like 37 millions, in relation to the prosecution of railroads and other public works. He has told us that there are 5,000 miles of railway already projected, and that 3,000 miles of , railway are actually in course of iexecution. He has told us that guarantees to some extent have been given in relation to irrigation ; and he has also told us that the attention of the Government will be earnestly directed to the laWs which relate to the tenure of land, without which all the other means would be almost useless." Surely, then, one may not unreasonably anticipate that every encouragement will be found, at no distant day, for the production of Cotton in that vast and promising field of enterprise. And the question, therefore, is presented under circumstances which ought to secure for it the most lively interest in so important a commercial emporium as Liverpool. India itself will now demand such enterprise as this, on its own account, if our Government there is to be productive of future benefit. Nay, if our policy is to maintain their rich possessions at all, we must now set to work and earnestly endeavour to improve the natives, making them happy and contented, through habits of peaceful and suc cessful industry ; and by-such means, at the same time, developing the resources of the country resources which, if judiciously and fully developed, might iu no long time become more profitable to the commerce of England, than its trade with all the world besides. PROVIDENT CARE OF THE POOR To care for the poor is one of the most: impor tant of Christian duties ; and it is one which cannot fail to secure its own reward, both to the individual who performs it, and to the whole community where it occurs. Because to care for the poor is to do them good ; and in such a process there is, almost of necessity, a happy re- action. In a word, it is the exercise of that mercy which is twice-blessed— " It blesseth him that gives and him that takes." The Liverpool Provident Society, which has just made its annual Report, is one of those means of manifesting care and concern for the poor which contribute so materially to mitigate the evils of their condition. Think of as many as fivq, thousand poor persons having, during the past year, been induced to deposit their little savings for purposes of future urgency, when, but for such resources in reserve, they would, from their very destitution, experience so severe an aggravation of their sufferings,—savings, little, it may be, in their separate contributions, but yet amounting in the aggregate to a large sum : those of the year's operations recently closed having reached, it seems, the formidable amount of nearly ten thousand pounds,—" collected through the agency of the Society," as the Report states, "in small sums, and for the most part rescued- from the beer-shop, and applied to useful domestic purposes," and not from the beer-shop only, it may be taken for granted, but from that still more mischievous source of pro fligacy and misery, the gin-shop. So that here, at once, is society itself directly benefited by this caring for the poor, in teaching them provident habits, and withdrawing them from demoralising indulgences. But this, important though it be, is but a frac tion of the good that is done by such a proceeding. It is the direct result ; and it is that which is most palpable, and most prominent. But the indirect, the almost unobserved effects of such visits to the poor are incalculably more beneficial. As one of the clergy present at the anniversary meeting (Mr. WRAY) remarked, " he had been enabled, without any credit to himself, to deposit upwards of £l,OOO last year, and he could say that the great portion of that was saved from the gin shops, and other wasteful ways." Yet this, he went on to show, was not all ; it was the act of visiting the poor, of coming into personal and kindly intercourse with them, that was the greatest good of all,—a means of reaching them in their generally too isolated condition which, as the reverend gentleman well observed, might tend to solve one of the great social problems of the day And he referred, in confirmation of this, to some remarks of Lord BROUGHAM, not long since, in which his lordship had adduced, as an instance of the great impor tance of visiting the poor, the good that was done by the Sisters of Charity, in France and elsewhere, whose charitable work was found to be a most powerful means of social reformation —practically forwarding and fulfilling, as was further admitted, the great objects of social science,—for, as it was at the same time stated, it was found " that unless they could come in contact with the souls of their fellow creatures, they could do little good," —a remarkable admission, as Mr. WRAY observed, "on the part of such a philosopher as Lord BROUGHAM." But this Provident Society does not send out its visitors empty-handed. They go forth on their mission - of mercy prepared to afford pritetioal 'and, immediate relief to the poor, wherever it is needed. And they do so, remembering the argument of th postle,—" If a brother or, sister be naked, all - Aes' titute of daily food, and one of you say unto t he y' depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled' 11 : g ; withstanding ye give them not those things t '; , l are needful to the body, what doth it profi t t What, indeed ! Well, during the past Yea' r ' appears, they ha ve ac t ua lly administered 5791 relief at, different times to no less than families, consisting of, on an average, four in vidua7s in each. But to do this they requir e i c° , siderable funds. And their funds, it is find, are now in a very low state. Our w° ait Mayor, therefore, who did himself so much ere o , by kindly presiding at the Society's annicer s called upon the Press to publish this ul) f ' l ,; that it might have its due effect the town ; for, as he truly said, :,4 excellent Institution ought not to lag ofe hind for want of sufficient means." l're thus, therefore, done our humble part. L et hope that the MaYor'S appeal to his fellow - t °, men will not be in vain. THE AMERICAN MAIL.—At the hour of our g ° 7 } ,g i press nothing had been hea r d o f th e s t ea mer P l ' , from New York, with the • American mails of the 0 inst., but it is expected she will enter the Morsel b i 0 early hour this morning, and if s o , we shall Pu summary of her news in a second edition. AA THE BOMBAY. MAIL—SOUTRA:InVIOIST, SATURDA Y i t Orissa, Captain J o y, w ith t h e h eavy portion Bombay mails, arrived at eight o'clock.. She briilPo3 passengers, 4 packages of specie (value uukuovill),' the following cargo :-996 bal e s of s ilk, 63 bales 01 997 boxes of oranges, 90 cases of shawls, 1 Cas e horse teeth, 1 case of fish tusks, 5 cases of vermin.° 150 packages of sundries. Dates : Alexandria, ;a", Malta, Jan. 31 ; and Gibraltar, Feb. 5. All epic just been promulgated in Tan g i ers fi x in g the _ i figures five franc piece at 24 okheats, instead ofl9. a source of sore grievance has been removed. on Gibraltar, 90 days', 508 to 504 . -A Mil DOCK ACCOMMODATION AT LIVERPOOL the House of Commons, of which the followil substance, will be placed in the Exchange - Se ll to-day :—" The trade of this port hath, for sever ( ' past, been greatly inconvenienced by reason of i 0 dock accommodation on the Lancashire side Mersey. That, from the' v as t i ncrease i n the tr i ; - ; population of the dist r i c ts d raw i ng th e i r sIIPP' I , cotton, wool, and other produce through Livorito exporting their manufactures through the same C there is every reason to exp ec t an i mme di a t e end tui demand for yet more docks in Live r p oo l ; that , r _demand the . Mersey Docks and Harbour Board aff, hibited from making any adequate provision ; 3 ; Mersey Docks and Harbour Act of 1858, svhe r , e are restrained,from borrowin g f un d s f or exPell w Liverpool without the permission of your 11 ' House ; that to remedy, in some d( gree, the el and injustice of such pi o hibiti on , w hi c h i s C a.ca l, injure most seriously the interests of your P cl and the trade of the country at la r ge, a bill ba t; ; introduced into *your honourable House to CO said Mersey Docks and Harbour Board t o boll sum of £300,000, to be expended in the comPle.,iti construction of such dock works as are mos required. Your petitioners, therefore, earnes` your honourable House that the said bill nlaY be with passed into a law." LOCAL INTELLIGENC Richard Cobden, Esq. was among the passersg sailed from this port on Saturday, in the steamer for Boston. The Hon. William Ewart Gladstone, was on re-elected a Member of Parliament, for the, Vi ti of Oxford, without opposition. The treasurer of the Liverpool Industria Schools begs to acknowledge the receipt of 12 him by G. A. BlTenzie, Esq., being a p o rtion surplus fund raised on the occas i o n of thc Centenary Celebration FRAUDS UPON EMIGRANTS.—The New .1.1. , }1 01,,, missioners of Emigration have b een investiPtu i , l''o: - c. cases of fraud upon emigrants, by Liverpool 11 , 42 , 0 , 0 c; Inland Brokers. The last case was that 0 1 tir ebt e i senders in the ship Dreadnought, w ho had P , 0 4 tickets of a Liverpool broker, for passage f r° lfe) York to Toronto. The tickets were s purioug , ,,, s ll , t in possession of the name of the broker who f committed the fraud. f 0 VACANCIES, APPOINTMENTS, AND Pi:Logos ,-,N5 s e , CIVIL SERVICE.-CUStOMS : There will shortly l f 4; vacancies in the Custom-house for junior c,le r mencing salary, £ 75 and £ BO per annum. :ut. o o l 'fi Gibson has been promoted from third to se:„ 10 ) ", landing surveyor. Mr. W. Every from first-ch':',.ett waiter to be third-class landing surveyor at f,(f A o Mr. J. T. Barton, from second to first-class lag at Liverpool. ACCIDENTS. —Several serious accidents 00;01 Saturday, the following being the more P ee t, Thomas Thomas Whittal, a carter, residing in Sun-s, to a, " teth-park, was engaged in unloading some e ° " , t 1 ( 13i the rope round the waggon caught him UP A 0 111 him on the ground. lite sustained a severe se'"? also a dislocation of th e s h ou ld er, an d seve ral c ° Elias Hughes, also a carter, residing in Croston' ceived several severe contusions on the nee_ in consequence of a sack of corn falling ulf Pothouse-lane. William Jones, of Gay-stree 4 „,,le road, a labourer, and for some time a etrjrci d, obliged to. walk about on c ru t c h es , was knon o o c a cab in Scotland-road, and received a s evere e bo a of the right leg. Henry Kelly, a seaman, Ide steamer Foyle, lying in th e S an d on -dock, fe` m at hold of the vessel, and received several sever e r ; rel about the he a d an d nec k. Th e a b ove case s wil n - t s at the North ern -h os pit a l, w h ere a ll t h e Par'e present lying. CORONER'S COURT.—The Cbroner held theros inquests on Saturday. On the body of Ann ree ts nor, three years of age, who lived with her 1 33 , 0 0 11 court off, Blenheim-street. It appeared thst:„e ago, the child w as sca ld e d b y the fa l l o f IT, she 'water upon her body, from the effects of whit ~gd Verdict accordingly. On the body of Sanin °l : IY - / the captain of the schoon er C a th er i ne Ross c ,; big ceased was 37 years of age, an d, w hil e gett'lcl b e o into the Harrington-dock, his hand was Jarn — r f the ship and the dock wall. It was-found neces e ,,%b he tate the injured memb er , f rom th e e ff ec t s of wu l r oe% A verdict in accorda nce w ith th e f acts wag re t : 1 01 ;f the body of Patrick Brown, aged 48 year s the Lime-street Railway station, who was ' '"„estv - 4 1 wheels of a carriage passing over him. It , 3 ; 1 2; the deceased, with some others, were P o ', 3 "„'Zi " d if! from one place to another , when, from his,"„ e cr oi caution, he was knocked down by one of r n tsl_," o o and killed on the spot. Verdict, "Anciu c ,. - pril e s On the body of James Snowdon, who was 73 ae the the borough gaol. He had been committed t he t o o January, in default of finding bail to ke, e P,t ife t s , B o He died suddenly on F r id a y morning, a.nuat:t that death was ca use d b y disease of the n e " * 0 " Death from natural causes." T op tes 9 o SERIOUS CHARGE AGAINST A CHESHIR E Astr s. e te —On Saturday afternoon, the Wallasey g in engaged for nearly two hours, i n investigliPor4oo of assault with intent to com m it a r ape, by t Ses''llj grocer and flour de a l er , w h o h as a sh°P„ , ,, A v ilel'i $ s It would appear that one M ary Ann ',ea° bl' handsome looking young w oman , i n the ser'i lt on' o f t / 0 residing in the town s hip o f Wallasey, W 3-5 Se SW il f mistress for a loaf. The girl went to the re he 4 prisoner, to execute a commission entruste.", u her, d id going into the shop Hill began larking w," She b at, t) l4 her, and pntting his arm round her wais',i t ies, p s olt, r as given in evidence, resist these familia r ' itt o beck „or bel prisoner proceeding further she t oPr and almost fainted. He took til ° , 3 9e of her state, and committed a gross on`We c o t-, amounting to an attempt to commit rape. an' ` 7 ' of the girl was not shaken, but it would s ic alP j and Hill had been on terms of friendsb i P'dnn with one another with their arms elasP„ e the r other's waists, and indulging in s' 1, Oit s recreations. Mr. Bluck, of LiverPO„d date r for the prisoner, but, as the magistrates Idiez`fenae• to commit for trial, lie reserved his tr ial v, prisoner was accordingly commtted 11 °, 0 ife e ; , Knutsford sessions, which open on Taest..,;ties being accepted for his appcarance—two sure moll, and himself iu the sum of £lOO.