Northern Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1857-12-14 00:00:00

TWE EMIGRATION RUNNERS AND THE LIVER POOL CHRONICLE. TO TEE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN TIMES. Sir,—After ten days incubation the Chronicle has hatched a very long tirade in reply to the letters whieh appeared in your paper, signed " Free Trade." It is rather to be regretted he has 'tot condescended to grapple with and refute the facts contained in them, rather than criticise the polith; cal antecedents and social position of the writer,. Perhaps he finds that a somewhat difficult matter. facts being stubborn things. The disinterested writer informs his readers that "Free Trade" holds not her Majesty's commission. It will not, however, be necessary for me to inform him that neither have the penny-a-liners of that journal, nor those who have subsidized them. been yet adveneed to that dignified position. The British public, I fancy, will respect the truth, whether it be spoken by a man clad in homely frieze, or delivered ex cathedra by the philanthropic Chronicle. With regard to my political antecedents and mariner of life, the worthy seribe in that print is " quite at; see," and his low insinuations reepecting both are es unfounded as his baseless assertions regarding the emigration trade of this port. " We," says the Chronicle, "happen to know something about what we are writing, he, meaning, Free Trade,' knows nothing of the business practically." I retort, by stating I have had almost twelve years practical experience of the business, and have no heshation in stating that the gentlemen of the Chronicle know nothing of the • business, either practically or theoretically ; they are merely hired for the occasion, and, no doubt, are trying to do the best they can for their task masters. The Chronicle, I perceive, is just now reaping a rich harvest; it is being sent over the country and distributed gratuitously to the clergy men of all denominations, and others, ever since the gentlemen from the Cestie Ga r d en , N ew Y or k , took the idea into their heads of forming a sister establishment in Liverpool. I have heerd it asked frequently, how it is that none of the other journals of this town have taken up this subject? Have all the other sentinels on the watch-towers of the Press gone to sleep, while these frauds were being perpetrated ? Was there not one to sound the alarm, till the Rip-Van-Winkles • of the Chronicle were awakened from their slumber, by the electric touch of " almighty dollar," to bellow forth, " Wolf ! wolf ?" These questions, Mr. Editor, are easily answered. The reply is, " Pelf ! pelf Is there a sane man in exh3tenee who would for one moment believe the excellently-conducted Press of Liverpool —the NORTHERN Ttsl ES, Mercury, Journal, Post, Courier, and, although last, not least, the Albion, would have remained silent while those hankie, those bluude;ings, were being committed at their very doors ? Not one. Yet the Chronicle would have us believe such is the fact, and that it is the leader of public opinion— the real Simon Pure of the Press, and the only watehfal arid disinterested protector in this port of the homeless emigrant. I am told that, in my first letter, I have descended to use low vulgar scurrility towards Messrs. Murrey and Sullivan, the paid officials of - the Castle Gardens, and the paid advocates of an Emigrants' Home in Liverpool. If asking Messrs. Chronicle, Murray, and Sullivan why they did not write down the other frauds with which society is inflicted, and write up a remedy, be low and vulgar, I plead guilty. I also beg Mr. Murray's pardon, as I have lately understOod he does not write. We ere treated with a circular of a broker, who, according to our worthy scribe, is, in point of feet, no broker, not being one of the select seventeen who he considers only entitled to a broker's license. He should revise his list—three of those highly respectable seventeen, of means and reputation, having fallen with an immense crash since he made his selection, and it is not improbable that a few more may soon follow. However that may be, we have not hoard as yet of a small broker depriv ing any emigrant of a shilling, since the money panic set in. In this circular I can discover nothing objectionable, there is not the name of licensed runner from beggining to end, the emigtant is cautioned to go to the patty to whom he is recommended, and no other; to make a bargain beforehand, and strictly abide by it ; to pay no attention to any one who would induce him to turn away from the person he is in want of. Is there anything wrong here ? Does any one deny there are land sharks in Liverpool; and is there anything improper in cautioning parties to beware of them, and go to those to whom they were directed ? In my first letter I stated the fact that, from my Own personal knowledge, I was aware of 600 letters being in the hands of some 90 runners, written by lieutenants of counties, gentlemen, and clergy men of all denominations, recommending emigrants to those runners, and inquired if it were likely those gentlemen, of known rank and standing, had conspired to have the emigrant defrauded. Does our worthy scribe deny the fact? No; ho shirks the question in his approved style, by stating he knows nothing of those gentlemen. In the Daily, Post, 3rd instant, I observe a house advertised to be let at the south end of Aigburtle rent,• 1501. After describing the apartments, &e., •advertiser states, those bringing a good tenant will be paid the usual commission. If this be the recognised custom with agents a n d owners o f house property, why make it nee al for the agent and owner of ship property to pay commission to those who bring passengers. In my last I enquired of the mouth piece of our modern emigration reformers, why it is that those brokers who pay only 5 per cent. charge £l4 for a steerage passage to Melbourne, when those who pay 74 charge no more than £l4 Surely the former gentlemen, who, I understand, are the waern supporters of our new lights, should practice as they preach, and let the poor emigrant have his passane at £l3 13s. Our hirelings of the Chronicle pass over the question—it does not suit them to reply. They dish up, for the second time, the opinion of Alderman Holme in a case brought before him by Lieut. Prior. I submit, Mr. Editor, that until it be proved that the emigrants in that case paid more than the advertised rate of fares, there was neither fraud nor plunder; and whether an erroneous opinion be delivered by Lord Camp bell or Alderman Holme, matters very little to the public: The Chronicle produces a letter, written by a gentietnan (?) in Ireland, for whose veracity it pledges itself, attempting to point out how the licensed runners of Liverpool obtain their influ ence in that country, I think, Sir, I have shewn, pretty clearly, to any unbiassed mind, in my first totter, how they really have obtained their influ ence ;—not by misrepresentation and fraud, but by a strict adherence to truth and integrity —many of them for the long space of from .twenty to five and-thirty years ; and now, sir, in order to test the disinterested Chronic/e'B disinterested Irish gentle- man's motives and veracity, I am prepared to place in your hands £5, to be handed to any of the Liverpool charities, if it be proved this disin terested Irish gentleman is not a disappointed Irish Emigration Agent. I should be prepared to stake a larger sum, but that I do not happen to be in receipt of a weekly stipend from any, either in Liverpool or the Cas'le Garden at New York. Your worthy coternporary states, I am endeavour ing to throw the apple of discord into this question, by introducing the word "proselytising," and adds,. he has not inte r f ere d w ith t h e re li g i ous op i n i ons of the licensed runners. I never said he did. What I said was, that the Irish people never could be got to patronise a " Home" i n Li verpool. They d read proselytising ; and, perhaps, that is not to be won dered at. Nei'her is it, when we find Verner White—one of the brigade of fifty, who went over, some years ago, to Christianise the Pagan Irish •CathoFcs—corning out as an advocate of a " Home," under lite surveillance of twenty-fire policem n. We have had some experience of how Roman Catholics were treated in a short lived " Home" established some years since in this town. On. one occasion, a family of Irish Catholics from County Kilkenny, the night previous to their going on board, were piously recitingone of the sacred prayers prescribed by the Catholic Church, when a head official bawled out. " Silence! let us hear no more of your superstitious mummery." This, sir, can be attested THE NORTHERN TIME S.-LIVERPOOL, MON DAY, DECEMBER 14, 1857 to by a clergyman of the town, who is an honour to the name of religion. The Chronicle, in its usual style of meeting facts, makes me say, " the licensed runners meet the poor emigrants at all hours, care for them, and protect them, for the paltry pittance of 4d. per night." I said quite the contrary : but " that, for commission received on their passage money, they could not afferd to meet and provide them with bed, light, and fire; with free permission to cook their own materials." With regard to the Rev: V. White's assertion, that 30s. per head, at least, is spent by the emi grants for their little extras, any one really conversant with the trade, who has not been gra tuitously supplied with incorrect information by .the Chronicle, knows such a statement is mere " moonshine." I can prove, on the most incontro vertablo evidence, that the Ities emigrants do not expend lOs head on their outfit : they are provided, in almost every case, with the few necessaries required before leaving home. Tile dietary scale and circulars of the Australian brokers point out distinctly that 20s. are quite sufficient to. supply every necessary required beyond ship's allowance. If, than, 20s are quite sufficient to procure extras for a twelve weeks' passage to Australia, wily expend 30s. on a four weeks' passage to America? Sir, as we have had an immense outcry got up by those adventurers from Castle Garden, and advocates of an " Emigrant s' Home" in this town, about the large per centaae paid the runners here, and their treatment of emigrants, will you permit me to call-the attention of the public to the eons missions paid the Castle Garde❑ officials, and the general treatment of emigrants at that benevolent institution. With this view I beg to place before your readers an extract from a report of a special committee. of the Common Council of New York on the use of Castle Garden as au emigrant depot : Document No. 12., BOARD OF COTJNCILMEN, March 17, 1850. The following report of the Special Committee on the use of Castle Garden al an Emigrant Depot, was received, laid on the table, and ordered to be printed, together with all the accompanying papers, and made the special order for the first Monday in April. C. T. McCLzNAcaArr, Clerk. The Special Committee, appointed to examine into the expediency of having the emigrant depot removed from Castle Garden, and also to obtain all information, possible, bearing upon the subject, in order that further legislation may be had thereon, if necessary, respectfully REPORT. That your Committee, by advertisement of meetings and service of notices and subpoenas, have obtained a mass of evidence which is weighty, and cannot be other wise than convincing to every candid and unbiased mind of gross wrongs upon the community, and the emigrants particularly, under the present system of receiving and " booking" those who seek our shores ; together with other facts more particularly requiring the attention of the Common Council, and immediate legislation thereon. Your Committee desire to confine themselves strictly to the evidence before them, and presents the following points : [The first, second, third, and fourth resolution s are omitted here, as they refer solely to the depreciation of the Corporation and private property in the vicinity of Castle Garden, and the danger of public health.] Fifth : The hardships and disadvantages to which the emigrants are compelled to submit, rest ltine from the present system as car r i e d ou t at Castle Garden, by the Commissioners of Emigration. These are numerous, and your committee will refer to but a few as testified to ; Mr. J. C. Shutte, deposes, that he held forty dollars, in trust for John Leiser, who arrived at New York, August 3rd 1855, in the ship " Mary." and on application to one of the Commissioners to enter the garden and deliver the amount he held, was denied, and told that Mr. Leiser, had not arrived, whereupon, said Leiser and family were compelled to go .to a boarding.house, having no money to pay their passage hence, and stayed twelve days, incurring a debt of thirty dollars. for which a portion of their baggage was left as bonds or security. Mr. Shutte farther deposes, that " Mr. Garrigue, one of the Commis sioners told him, that Mr. Kennedy would not tell the emigrants, cn purpose, where they could get their money, because he wanted to compel Air Shutte to buy the tickets in Castle Garden." Dennis Tracy, testifies he has "known of passengers being robbed inside the garden," and there fore they cannot be exempt from that ez,il. J. W. Bennett, lieutenant of the Third Ward police. states, that the ship William Nelson remained three days and as many nights in a poor condition, destitute of bedding and cooking utensils, without being given an opportunity to land the emigrants, other vessels being given a preference in disembarking their living freight ; the suffering for food was also great ; this witness further deposed that the treatment of emigrants at the garden is anything except humane. Sixth : The outrages committed by the Commissioners of Emigration in compelling emigrants to purchase tickets at the garden, if going from the city, and charging a large advance on the real prices: this is one of the most start ling facts that your committee have to present, and would deem the same an error, merely, had they not over ehelm ing testimony to the contrary. An emigrant landing at Castle Garden, if going west, is compelled to purchase a ticket or pass, before he can leave the Castle grounds, and for which he must pay about thirty per cent. additional to the price charged by the company. Mr. Shutte testifies, that thirteen dollars and thirty-five cents is charged in Castle Garden, for a pass to Milwaukee, when the adver tisements of railroad prices are ten dollars and seventeen r cents. leepold Lorenz, swears, that the Pennsylvania railroad charges twelve dollars and fifty cents to St. Louis, and that the Commissioners charged for the same tickets fifteen dollars ; that emigrants are charged sixteen dollars and fity cents if they go by the Frie railroad to St. Louie, and they make no time thereby. Isaac Newton, swears, the Commissioners charge twenty per cent. upon the passage money and amount of freight furnished to the railroads; E. Heim, also testifies that an emigrant had but nix dollars, when he landed at Castle Garden, and wanted to go to Cincinnatti, that the officers at the garden wanted eight &liars and twenty-five cents, and would not give him a ticket ; that after leaving the Commissioners, he went to Mr. Newton's office and procured a ticket for six dollars. The faro to Crestline, Ohio, is five dollars and forty-one cents. Freeeriek Hanselman, deposes, that the Commissioners charged him seven dollars, that after leaving Castle Ga - den, he saw he had been defrauded, and de manded restitution of the overcharge, or a return of his money for the ticket, in accordance with the regular advertised rates in the public newspapers ; when he was told by the vendor of the ticket, "he did not care for the papers, and would not pay the difference, nor take back the ticket." Baggage is charged at the rate of twenty. five cents per one hundred pounds, to Albany, thirty cents is charged at the garden. Andrew Feigel testifies, that he paid two dollars fifty-five cents for eighty-five pounds over-freight, from New York to Crestline, Ohio. It also appears that a system of brokerage is carried on, in Castle Garden, which certainly, at the rates allowed, must be a profitable business. By examining the testimony still further, we find that 'Mr. R. Crittenden, the cashier at Castle Garden, swears that twenty per cent. is retained of price paid for railroad tickets, to pay expenses at th e garden ; thinks he has received from ten thousand dollars to fifteen thousand dollars in this way, since the opening of the garden by the Commissioners; Mr. Crittenden also swears to these words, "1 cannot get a ticket any cheaper at the railroad offices than they can at the garden." In view of the above testimony of emigrants and others, this certainly is a remarkable sentence, and worthy of note, more especially when stamps are placed on the tickets, be ;ring the words, "Agent, Crittenden." Your committee do not deem it necessary to peruse the testimony further; in this respect, it is voluminous. Seventh : The general conduct of officials at Castle Garden. Dennis Tracy testifies, that the emigrants are given preference in landing to those who arrived before them, providing they have money ; this was the case of the ship, William Nelson, whose passengers suffered so intensely for three days, for the want of food, and the necessaries of life. By turning to the testimony of J. W. Bennett, we find the physician refusing to attend the sick and dying, he being otherwise engaged." Mr. Bennett states the emi grants are frequently neglected at the garden, and detained there for days, sometimes in a destitute condition; and again, emigrants are turned out of the garden, at times, because they have no money. It is indeed, surprising that the emigrants are not well cared for; the officials are well paid, and the affair must be money making; if the emigrants are so extensively assessed, and compelled to pay whatever be the demand, and no redress within their power, surely they deserve to be well cared for ; as to seeking redress when defrauded of their money, it would be well nigh impossible: A poor emigrant going to court to join issue with a mone➢ed cor porate body would be simply ridiculed, more especially when he knows not against whom to complain. Mr. Crittenden, the cashier, testifies that he deducts twenty per cent. from freight on luggage, whieh has amounted to a sum of from eight thousand dollars to eighteen thousand dollar.. The closeness of this calculation is remarkable ; again, the premium on foreign coin has amounted to about seventy five dollars per month. Your Committee will urge that undue means were used to obtain the use of Castle Gorden as an emigrant depot. Mr. Conklin's, (the lessee of Castle Garden,) remarks that a large fortune arou'd be made, that it was necessary to obtain money and proceed to Albany, &c., must be allowed to have its own weight on the minds of those who have examined the subject. Your Committee have stated sufficient herein to convince any candid mind of the gross mismanagement and constant impositions practised at Castle Garden. Emigrants are defrauded of their money, ill treated and imposed upon by those who profess to be their temporary guardians and protectors. That the lease of Castle Garden has been perverted, there can be no doubt ; that the interests of the city are adverse t, the continuance of these evils at the Emigrant Depot, bringing dishonour and disgrace on the city, and injurious to the treasury, is self-evident, and the removal of the evil becomes not only necessary, but compulsory. The cashier asserts that the funds collected in the un warrantable manner hereinbefore set forth, are deposited in the Phoenix Bank, on his own personal account; a glowing example of the management, in its every phase. There is an imperative necessity for the removal of this depot; it is opposed by the inhabitants of the ward, who daily feel the danger to which they are exposed, nd the diminishing value of their property and residences. Your Committee, therefore, submit the testimony they have taken in this matter, and which is the sole basis of their report, and urge immediate action a the Board in concurring with the Board of Aldermen in the adoption of the resolutions annexed to the report of their Special Committee. Resolved—That this Board concur with the Board of Aldermen in the adoption of the two resolutions appended to their report in relation to the use of Castle Garden as an Emigrant Depot. _ JACOB L. SMITE!, J. W. T. VAN RIPER, Special E. C. Mamma., Committee, C. S. COOPER, The perusal of this document will put the public in possession of the aim and object of those gentlemen from Castle Garden, and' heir supporters here, who so disinterestedly advocate the establish ment of a home in Liverpool in connection and co-operation with that at New York.—l remain, sir, your obedient servant, FREE TRADE. ADDRESS OF THE LIVERPOOL FINANCIAL REFORM ASSOCIATION. TO THE CONSTITUENCIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. Fellow Countrymen,—ln the name of a numerous body of individuals, associated for the common good of all, we have, within the last twelve months, taken the liberty of issuing two addresses, one to the public generally, the other to the members of the newly elected House of Com mons. In the former, we endeavoured to convince all classes of the community, but most especially those de pendent upon commerce, manufactures, agricutture, and labour, that their agitation against the Income Tax was most unwise, and that their true policy lay in seeking, not the repeal or reduction of a tax which, however oppressive and unjust in some of its details, is sound in principle, but its adjustment and extension, in other words, the substi tution of an equitable system of direct taxation, making every man contribute fairly according to his means, for a most costly and anomalous jumble of systems which tram mels commerce an I fetters industry in all their operations whilst it extracts the great bulk •of the revenue from the luxuries, and even from the necessities, of the masses, leaving those best abl e to bear the burdens o f the State comparatively untouched. We then pointed out the probable result of that agitation, and our forebodings have since been fulfilled. Yielding to an injudicious popular clamour, Government reduced the tax which does reach the wealthy, but, at the same time it increased, or rather, it arrested the pending redaction of the Judos on eAfee, sugar, tea, and other articles of gene ral consumption. So far, therefore, our protest was tin availing ; but we have the satisfaction of knowing that the recognition of sound principles of taxation is daily extend ing, and we believe that the day will yet come when justice and the general welfare will constitute both the basis and the superstructure of our fiscal legislation. The exhorta tions to members of Parliament, contained in our second address, wore prcdactive of no fruit as regards the,legisla tion of that session. The Government staved off matters of grave import for another year, under the pretext that there was no time for their discussion, and then devoted week after week to queetions comparatively unimportant, which would have much better borne postponement. Here again, however, we have ground for encouragement; for though we may appear to have spoken in vain to the body colectively, individual members of it have been so strongly impressed with the justice of some at least of our recom mendations as to become subscribers to our association, whilst others have both acted on our suggestions and afforded us valuable assistance. The good seed has been sown, and it will in due time, and with proper care, produce the harvest. Parliament being now again convoked at an unusual period, we feel called upon to make a few observations to you, the makers of one branch of it, in relation to your duties and powers, being most fully convinced that if you do not discharge your obligations to your country, your representatives will be equally inattentive to theirs ; whilst the Executive Government will bs left, as heretofore, to deal as it pl eases with all national concerns, fo re i gn and domestic, subject to little beyond a nominal responsibility to Parliament, which is annually becoming less and less of a reality. In what is conventionally called the Queen's Speech, you have before you the ministerial programme, both for the winter session and the ensuing year. For dearth of meaning and clumsiness of expression, it may bear away the palm from most of its predecessors. It is most vague and unsatisfactory, serving only to show, as we think, that on not one of the great subjects to which it alludes— excepting, perhaps, the Bank Indemnity Bill—had her Mejesty'e Ministers been able to make up their minds. As regards India, they only promise papers, and invite Parliamentary consideration ; as regards the reform of Parliament itself, they give no explicit indications of their intentions, if any they yet have formed. To each of these three questions—Bank, India, and Reform— and to seine others rot mentioned from the throne, we now most respectfully solicit your at tentioft. Wneut entering into any of the complicated questions involved in our monetary laws, we think it must he self evident that there is something radically wrong in a system under which the country expeziences constant convulsions, paralysing to commerce and manufactures, and throwing thousands of the industrial population out of employ, whilst its real substantial wealth rem .ins unimpaired. We know that many have fallen through improvident trading, and reckless speculation; but these are individual instances, not sufficient to account for widespread national calamity. There are many others who, with real wealth sufficient to meet all the demands upon them twice over, have become bankrapt, or suspended payment, because that wealth could not be made immediately available in the shape of its representative —money. Whether the Act of 1844 be right or wrong in principle, it is palpably absurd to suppose that the amount of circulating medium which sufficed then is sufficient now, many millions having been weed to the population, and the trade of the country having been nearly trebled in the interim. The necessity of a searching and thoroughly impartial investigation of a subject so important, on which there is such a conflict of opinion, must be obvious to all. It is also clear that this investigation ought to be conducted by an adequate tribunal, composed of men capable of weigh ing all the information already on record, and taking additional evidence—men from whom all suspicion of interested bias, and above sinister influences of any kind, who would examine deliberately, and decide conscientiously according to the facts. From a committee so constituted as to warrant the belief that its object was the establishment of a foregone crnclusion—a committee sitting in secret, and brow-beating witnesses whose evidence may be un acceptable to the majority, —no satisfactory results can be anticipated It is most deeply to be deplored that, upon this ques' ion, Government should invariably be guided by the advice of men who, having acquired enormous wealth under, and in consequence of the present system, are, of course, strongly interested in its continuance, how ever disastrous it may be to the rest of the community Barely glancing at the present most improvident arrarge meats between the Government and the Bank of England, and at the national folly of giving to a company of pevate capitalists all the advantages derived from the manufacture of money, which ought to belong exclusively to the State, we think it your manifest interest, as well as yenr duty, to pour in petitions from every city, town and county in the kingdom, calling upon your representatives Jo demand a strict impartial investigation of the whore subject, before any farther legislation upon it is attem,ted. With' regard to the deplorable events which have occurred in India, we see in them only the results—the practical results—of another gigantic monopoly, urder which the government of territories containing five times the popu lation of the United Bindom, has been confided to a mere company of private traders. It has been alleged, indeed, and that by no less a person than the Earl of Derby, when first minilter of the Crown that, since the last revision of tle Charter in 1833, the East India Company has ceased to have any interest or control whatever in the affairs of India ;" bat this is notoriously contrary to the fact. The directors are lords of the soil ; iley have the appointment of all officers, except that of tie Govetnor-General; the administration of what is millet justice, is wholly in their hands ; and they are, in reality, the rulers, as well as the landlords, of some one hundred and fifty millions of human beings. Much has been said t f the justice and beneficence of their rule, in comparison, at least, with that of the native princes, whom they have superseded ; but on this point one single fact is conclusive. The great bulk of their revenue is raised from three most objectionable sources—let, from a grinding system of rack-rents, ex torted by middlemen which has reduced the inhabitants of whole provinces to a condition only comparable to that of the Irish peasantry, in the days of their - deepest afflic tion ; 2ndly, from the cultivation and sale of a deadly poison ; and 3rdly, from a most exorbitant tax on salt, the only condiment to the food of the great mass of the popu lation. We hava now had woeful experience of the re.ults of this system of Government ; and we see no pros pect of any adequate remedy, save in its utter abo lition—in the integration of India as part of the British Empire—in the enactment of wise and just laws, to be properly administered—in the free sale of land— and in the throwing open of the country to the operations of British capital, skill, and enterprise. We therefore re commend you to petition Parliament, also, for the abolition of the East India Company and its monopoly. Another kindred monopoly is that of the Hudson's Bay Company, to which the Queen's Speech makes no allusion, although it was specially reported upon by a select committee of last session, and on which you have hitherto been strangely apathetic. In virtue of a charter, granted by the most profligate of our monsrch3, and believed to have been invalid from the first, a few private traders claim to be absolute proprietors of new ly half the continent of North America—that is to say, of territories comprising, with those held under special license, between five and six millions of square miles of land, now -nearly in the same desert state as in the days of Charles the Second, though much of it possesses the greatest natural advantages, and, but for this monopoly, would now have been peopled by British subjects, and covered with thriving communities. These magnificent territories the Hudson's Bay Company has turned to no better purpose than a game preserve. The sole object of its policy has been to encourage beasts and exclude civilised man, and all for the take of a paltry traffic, yielding some three or four hundred thousand pounds annually, to be divided principally amongst nine individuals, that, we believe, being the namber of persons constituting the Hudson's Bay Company. If this shameful and most senseless monopoly be not done away with, we give just ground of disaffection to our Can adian fellow subjects, and we, moreover, incur imminent risk either of losing the best portions of this magnificent country just as wo lost Osegon, or of becoming involved in still more serious boundary disputes with the Americans, who are fully alive to its value, and neither understand, nor will submit to, a policy which gives to beasts that which was intended by the Creator for the beneficial occu pation of man. But the monopolists, though few in num ber, are strong in interest; and they will be gratified, at all risks, by the continuation of their monstrous privileges, unless the country shall speak out, through you, and through your representatives, demanding jusece in the name of all. We, therefore, most earnestly recommend you to petition Parliament for the abolition of this mo nopoly also. There is a topic connected with one brief passage in the Royal Speech, most deserving of your at tention. You will have observed that, whilst it its there stated that the estimates " will be framed with a careful regard to the exigencies of the public service," the cus tomary assurance about " attention to economy" is not there to be found. The promise is one never kept when made; but its ommission on this occasion may be most significant. We have, on many occasions, exposed the reckless manner in which your re presentatives are accustomed to vote away the public money; the boundless extravagance of the Govern ment; the non-existence of any real control by the House of Commons ; the shameful waste of Public stores ; and the utter worthlessness of the accounts rendered to Parlia ment—accounts thus described by Mr. James Wilson, Secretary to the Treasury, whose authority on such a point must be considered unimpeachable : —" The accounts now presented are not accounts either of ieett or gross proceeds of the revenue, but are more confused than ever." Is it not most disgraceful that a great commercial nation should suffer its affairs to be so conducted ? Many of our com plaints were fully established, by official witnesses, before the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Public Moneys. That Commit ee, in its second report, made several excellent recommendations ; but if these were all carried into effect, there would still be no real Parlia mentary control without a standing Finance Committee of the House of Commons, to investigate the receipts and expenditure of one year before provision is made for the next ; to examine the estimates carefully before they are submitted to the house ; and to see that intelligible accounts are rendered of the disposal of the public money. Every other representative body in the kingdom, hating the disposal of public funds, takes care to appoint a special commi tee on financial affairs—the House of Commons alone has none. If any corporate body were to allow its town clerk, its head constable, its surveyor, and other functionaries, to prepare and present their own estimates; to take the money they asked for their several departments to spend money voted for one purpose on another ; to keep up a running system of loans and re-payments amongst themselves ; and then to present accounts which nobody could understand—such a body would be considered either dishonest or insane, and cashiered as wholly undeserving of its trust. Yet this is exactly the way in which your representatives deal with public funds end public servants. Such a system we believe to be attended with frightful abuses, and we therefore recommend you to petition for a standing Finance Committee of the House of Commons. The necessity of some further measure of Parliamentary Reform being now admitted on all hands, the Premier—a man in nowise liable to the suspicion of revolutionary tendencies—having endorsed it by a voluntary pledge to introduce such a measure, and the Queen's Speech having called the attention of Parliament to the subject, this is no longer a mere party question. It behoves us all to con consider " what amendments may be safely and benficially made " in the laws which regulate the representation of the people. In our opinion, the intended bill ought to have been now prepared, and introduced during the pre sent Session, in order that there might be full opportunity for.weighing its provisions during the recess. As diis has not been done, it is your obvicus duty, through public meetings, petitions to Parliament, and communications with your representatives, to let her Majesty's ministers know what sort of Reform it is that you expect, and without which you will not be satisfied ; for, if you remain acquiescent, and apparently apathetic, you cannot rationally expect that men wended to the present system, and interested in its continuance, will voluntarily make any material alteration in it calculatel to insure really responsible governmeA. If you leave the matter wholly in their hands, it is far more likely that the proposition of our present rulers will be an abortion, making the representa tive principle a still greater mockery than it is at present, although scarcely ore in ten of the adult male population has now a voice in choosing these who impose taxes and make the laws. When Lord John Russell proposed to reduce the legislative power of the large towns by giving a third member, to be chosen by the minority, what can you expect from Lord Palmerston, whose leanings are so well known, and who never yielded excepting to national pressure, if you leave him to take his own course, under the impression that you really care little or nothing what it may be ? We have no great faith in the p. esent House of Commons, though we believe it will do its duty if it see that you are is earnest It was chosen during a period of national excitement, produced by a false issue, which seems to have passed into total oblivion. Not a word is now whispered in any quarter on a matter which, some six months ago, agita'ed the whole country from end to end, dissolved Parliament, and produced a general e'e ction. The questions really to be determined then were, whether your representatives, the Commons House of Parliament, had any right to express an opinion on the proceedings of the Executive Government or its agents abroad, and bad proper!) , exercised that right. You decided both questions in the negative with a degree of ingratitude only matched by ifs folly ; you discarded the two great champions of free-trade—honest, able, and truly patriotic men, who were neither to be cowed by the frowns of power or seduced by its blandishments ; and with them you dismissed many more of your true and incor ruptible friends We hope that you have now seen your error, and will seize the first occasion for rectifying it But, with or without Parliamentary Reform, the House of Commons must always be such as you are pleased to make it. If you, regardless of character, talents, patriotism, or fitness for the business of legislation, send thither men whoiu you would not trust with the management of any important private concerns of your own, confiding to their superintendence the affairs of a mighty nation, together with the guardianship of your own riehts and liberties, it matters very little how limited or how extended the elec tive franchise may be,—how distributed or how protected, what sort of a Reform Bill, or whether any, is offered to your acceptance. The very best system of representation that could be devised by consummate wisdom, combined with perfect honesty, would be vitiated by folly and cor ruption on the part of the represented of the question. It is on yourselves, therefore, after all, whether this country shall, or shall not, be well, wisely, and honestly governed really depends. You should ro,,ard the elective franchise as a solemn trust deposited with you, to be co'nscientieusly discharged, under a deep sense of respon sibility to Gcd and your country—not as a private privilege of your own, to be exercised or forborne as pique, caprice, favour, or any personal motive whatever, shall dictate. Of two candidates for Parliamentary honours, one of whom you know to be qualified to serve his country, the other less qualified, or not at all, you are bound in honour, conscience, and patriotism, to vote for the best man, though he should be your bitterest enemy, the other your most intimate friend, or gracious benefactor. To vote for the worst man, through intimidation—as many are driven to do by the want of adequate protection to the voter —is an act of meanness ; to vote for him for the sake of a bribe in any shape, is an act of downright dishonesty ; and he who corrupts the voter by administer ing a bribe, is worse that the receiver of stolen goods. Pickpocket, highwayman, and receiver only injure indi viduals ; bat electoral corrup tion a ff ects the interests of the whole nation, and may prejudice those of the world. It is greatly to be feared that many of you have hitherto been most lax in the appreciation of your responsibilities. You must discharge your duties honestly, if you expect your representatives to perform theirs. Nothing is more reasonable than the supposition that ho who buys the vote of an elector, means to sell his own—nothing more pro bable than that he who owes his seat to intimidation will himself be the subservient tool of men in power. If you could, and did, discharge your own duties well and wisely, we should soon witness a most substantial reform of Parliament, even without the introduction of any specific measure on the subject. To make the theory of representation more of a reality, for the protection of voters, and to increase the sense of responsibility in your representatives, by rendering them accountable to you at shorter periods ,—a Reform Bill is, however, necessary. We therefore earnestly recom mended you to make your desires known, in time, to your representatives, and to the Goyernment. Lot there be no pretext for saying that you are apathetic, and, therefore, that the question may be postponed; not only for another year, but indefinitely, until there shall be an unmistakeable national demand for it, and until Parliament having nothing else to do—shill have leisure to think seriously about its own amendment. Do not rely too oonfl Jently on ministerial promises, for suk promises have been hereto fore evaded, and may be so again. In order to insure economy in the public expenditure, honesty in all departments of the State, and due observance of constitutional principles, in the granting and disposal of public money, we again earnestly advise you to demand the appointment of a Finance Committee of the House of Commons, and the substitution of an intelligible system of public hook-keeping, for one which, as you hav e seen , has been officially described as nothing better than "confu sion worse confounded. " We also once more counsel you to insist upon the abolition of those twin monopolies—the Hudson's Bay Company and the East In iia Company ; and, with regard to that of the Moneyocraoy, we again advise you to call for an open, impartial, and thorough investigation, such as wo have suggested. Finally, we recomme❑d you to study the question of Direct versus Indirect Taxation, in the fall assurance that when you find, as you certainly will do, that you are now paying much more indirectly than you Would ever have to pay directly, under a proper system; that the industrial classes, nay the very poorest of the poor, ate now taxed unjustly for the benefit of the rich ; that the operations of commerce, manufactures, and industry ere greatly impeded by a fiscal system, whose abolition would give incalculable development to them all ; and that amongst the results of that system are adultera tions, fraud, and crimes of still deeper dye, which fill our gaols and occasionally find occupation for the hangm in, you will join with us in demanding the adoption of " a simple and equitable system of Direct Taxation,' as well , . as "rigid economy in the expenditure of the Government," which are the two gr?nd objects of our Association.—By order of the Council. (Signed,) ROBERTSON GLADSTONE, PrOSPell 6, York-buildings, Dale-street, Liverpool, D3c, 7, 1857. A L C 0 8.0 L; OR, THE MINOR CURSE OF ENGLAND. BEING TUE SUBSTANCE O➢' A SERIES OF ADDRESSES DELIVERED IN CONNIXTION WITH ST. MARY'S TOTAL ABSTI,BNCE SOCIETY,• KIRKDALE. DEDICATED TO THE REV. C. E. TIT VERTON, 8.A., P RESIDENT, re LIVERPOOL WO RICJ_NG MAN. " Woe unto him that glveth his neighboar drink, that put test the bottle to him and makest him drunkea."—lialuk. ii. 15. I Concluded from 2nd December.] • The principles of total abstinence act in two ways. They tend to facilitate the diffusion of Christianity, by withdrawing that which hardens the sinner against the teaching of ne.Gespel ; a❑d by pre senting in the minister a consistent example. And I will remark, hero, that total abstinence i 3 incomplete, and has not done its work, until it has driven the victim of intemperance to Christian commu nion. I fear this subject does not occupy snalcieatly the attention of our leading temperance advocates, hence thepast failures, in Liverpool and elsewhere, and the charge of inildebty that meets the total abstaining Christian at every turn. Nevertheless, in the town of Corn wall 100 reclaimed drunkards have become membes of Christian churches, and it is asserted that in England and Scotland, upwards of 40,000 reclaimed drunkards have annually joined religious communions. The Rev. H. G. Ludgoan, near Land's End, at a public meeting, sail—" When I cause to my parish I made every effort, by my pen and from the pulpit, to reclaim drunkards and put an end to the appalling evil which was causing wretehelness, disease, and death, but in vain; indeed, I thought seriously of leaving that field of labour, believing that the church doors might as well be closed. If however, resolved upon establishing a temperance soziety. I signed, she pledge myself first, and now, thank God, thece i.e not a drunkard in the place, and my church is too small for the people." A woman observed to a towdmissionary, about twelve months ago : —" My husband lest a good situation through drunkenness, which reduced us to great distress. I pre ailed upon him to sign the pledge; in a short time ha regained his situation, ann we are, than God, again very happy. We attend church on the Lord's day regu larly, he distributes tracts, and oar children go to the Sunday school. The person who distributes tracts at my hoists is a reclaimed drunkard, and fro:n the conversation I frequency have with him, I believe he is a Christian total abstainer, and can call Jesus his Saviour. Such are soma of the triumphs of the elevating, ennobling, and benign principles of total abstinence, deenonstratmg that they are deserving, and, indeed, demand the co-operation of all Christians —ministry and laity. Total abstainer! there is nothing like acting up to your light, Dream not of going back. The cit . / of distrnetion is behind—the light of Heaven is before. Cr", What shall Ido ? Ask the question with deep and solemn earnestness. If conscie❑ce tells ton and com panions, intercede. Listen not to their entreaties. Act with firm ness, life and death are in the scale. Diffuse the ennobling principles of total abstinence among your neighbours, and especially among pooa drunkards. The evils resulting from drunkenness to the physic 11 system a" 0 aPPAilIng, while numerous toe imonies to the great augmentation of health and bodily strength resulting from the adoption of total abstinence principles might be adduced. The Re... J. CoHinson, perpetualaarate of Lemeily, says As regards my personal experience, I can say with truth, that my bodii y health is greatly improved since I adopted total abstinence izinci pies." Old Parr's maxim was, to eat when hungry, and drink when dry ; and he lived 152 years. The Rev. J. Moore says :—" I have been told that ministers cannot preach or speak for any lengthened time without intoxi.ating drinks. I have, however, spoken and preached when on a deputation in aid of the Bible Society, 12S times in twelve weeks without it, and not at all fatigued, while I have witnessed those that took a little unable to discharge their duties through weakness." The Roy. W. Marsh, of Leamington, said :—" I have been enabled to make greater and more continued efforts in my studies and public ditties since I adopted total abstinence principles ; never 'di] a man enjoy better health Ural I do." And, in reference to myself, I can say that total abstinence enables me, after battling with the difficul ties of the day in the effort to provide for my fawli;, to wash away all fatigue of body, and, with a mind free from the mopish influence cf intoxicating drinks, prosecute with delight the preparation of these paper., which I intend to be a record of my sentiments in reference to the evi.s inflicted by alcohol. The Rev. S. Schon, church missionary at Sierra Leone, pays:—"We begin to find that we can live and enjoy Letter health, even in Western Africa, 'without alcoholic drinks." A French colonel, who had served 22 years under Napoleon Bona parte, got up at a temperance meeting and said :—" Yoa see a mn 70 year,. of age, and although I am in excellent health, I bare fought 200 battles, have 14 wounds upon my body, have lived 30 days on horse flesh and the bark of trees for bread, snow and ice for my drink, the canopy of Heaven for my covering, without stockings or shoes on my feet, and with very few rags for my clothing, in the d ese , ts of Egypt. I have marched for days with thd burning sun on my naked head, feet blistered, 1101611 s ill'ed with sand. Do yon ask how I survived these horrors ? I answer, I owe my proservatien to the k ind providence of God, my health and vigour to the fact that I never drank a drop of spirituous liquors in ray life." Bernon Lary, chief of the medical staff of the French army, stated it as a fact that the 6,000 survivors who returned from Egypt were, to a man, total abstainers from the use of intoxicating drinks. John Hancock, Esq., of Hulse. near Taunton, engaged 18 men, nine abstainers and nine anti-abstainers, to reap nine days. The total abstainers, at the end of the specified time, had reaped 85 acres, 3 roods, 35 poles, white the beer men had reaped only 70 acres 33 poles. Th, beer men consumed 162 gallons of ale and adz, at a cost o f Li 143 Gd, while the cost of the abstainers dric•k was 18s, so that the teetotallers had £9 143 9d more to receive in the nine days than the beer men. Captain Drew stated the following incident to a committee of nava l officers, met to confider the plopristy of diminishing the issue of spirits in the navy :—" I had a man who was perpetnally quarrelling and fighting, and disobeying orders. At length I ordered him to receive a dozen lashes. In a mouth another charge was preferred against him ; I ordered him three dozen lashes, and informed him that they would ba doubled every time a complaint was made against him. In another month there was another complatt. I then consulted with the surgeon as to the state of his mind, h° r i Sl him to be healthy an d of soun d m i nd. Wh en we went into at the West Indies, I hired a cell in prison, and kept him tw ,: f ii on bread and water. Wh en h e came out I to ld him that if l ' o,6 ° reform I would forgiv e hi m all tha t W 33 past. H e thanksd id el asked me would I sto his grog and let him be paid for :ts ' and from that moment there has not been a more faithful' seaman in Her Maj 'sty's service." The Poor Law Commissienere observe, in their annul' It in now ascertained that total ab-tinence is the I ) 3 ° working men engaged in unhealthy employments. The correctness of the pethagorean rule of allowing ° but water, will be evident from a consideration of the connection between the physical and mental system. Tie organ by which the mind acts, being Itse f a portion of system, the connexion between mind and matter —is 0 , that sympathetic kind, exi s ti ng b etween one org an and o —the stomach and br a i n f or example,—bat 1 5 f dependance, the immaterial mind depending upon "`" brain, as music does upon the instrument it prccaeds be evident, therefore, that health of body is necessary to mind, just as order in a musical instrument is essentia l of sound. The utmost labeur and skill tint can be e x ,,,a broken instrument will b e pro d uct i ve only of b ro ken notes, while were it well attuned the most meloile`" would bo produced. In like manner, a disordered brain affects the mind' conditions and productions, under such physics' derai be inferior to what they would have been had the orge The connection of mind with matter is not confined He who would have a clear heal, mast have a clean st°S is what the most mode rate consumer of alcoholic d'W". possess; nothing is so greet a friend to the mind of O S L I abstinence. It is well known that an excess of rue' system blunts the intellect; consequently, abstinence sharpen it. The poet Walker has the reputation of wit of his age, and he was a total abstainer. The advantages of total abstinence are so manifest have tried them, when speaking of the improvement of invariably refer to the improvement of the mind. T he Dr. Potter, professor of mental and moral phylosophY, s i e si es I abstained from alcoholic drinks, I have be able t 3 prolonged efforts of mind." I believe if total abstinence principles were generai l l they would give an elevated tone to the national chars° would manifest itself in the moral and intellectual' the community. A missionary, in 1845, said :—" I saw a little boy, talei" , of gin, and following hies, I overheard his mother send halfpenny-worth of coals." And thus it is, that tle commercial system of the coantry ; the greatest spent on the most pernicious luxury, and the smallest the most important articles of domestic comfort. Fo r The duty paid on sugar, tea, and coffee, in the year er 1857, was about £12,000,000; while the duty paid a• p liquors—alcoholic drinks—and tobacco, amounted o feA £24,000,000 ; so that d ou bl e the amount was OPe Intoxicating drinks teen in the other articles of domesti- A witness declared to a parliamentary commission, is individuals, connected with alcoholic drinks, were the that prospered in Ireland. When, however, total principles were diffused in that country, the trade bete artd Ireland trebled in three years. The people o f manufactured in 1638 one hundred bales of goods for ie l l o in 1844 three hund r ed b a l es; thus demonstrating t 4 abstinence princ:ples ware to become general, the outl earnings would be too vast almost for comprehension. One fact, ilicited by the parliamentary enquiry into th e extent of drunkenness was, that the reputation of the Di was sallied by the intemperate habits of the peoP le * greatness of our national and commercial renown , 4 naturally associate a corresponding elevation of i n dividua l ; of they lowa the gen e rall y h umane nature of the law s of is the innumerable institutions p rov id e d for benevo l e nt oe.iss 6.114 amongst us ; the extent and success of our moral and our fame for literature; and the arts which, cordate mercantile and political greatness, prepare them for find in every Briton the representative of perfection. 11° are they disappointed when t h ey h ave pract i cal ex pert° o ntemperance of the British character. Every lover of his country must feel deep humiliating' when lie reflects upon the Int em p era n ce o f Englishmen, a nd not wonder at any man, convinced of this humiliating fac t ' tee pressing the importance of the temperance moveraeat as • ' lever by which the elevation of our moral character a' can be effected, . If is true, the drunkenn ess o f B r it a i n y i el d s a revenu e een seventeen millions sterling annually; hence the - Chancellor of the Exchequer, and for this patronage have depression of trade, drunkenness, premature des destitution, ignorance, vice, filth, and all kinds of merit ry h disorder. Every year about 12,000 immortal souls pe PD drunk, and, it is to be feared, go into etenity in that so that the Chancellor of the Exchequer may esti. £1,450 each. Certainly, in the estimation of a selfial no great sacrifice for £17,000,000: sterling, as in th e Year January, 1857. Tell not this in Pekin ; publish it not in of Canton, lest the heathens of China rejoice, lest the ' Buddi triumph. "I will never consent" raid the Peg en ,, China, "to raise a revenue f rom the v i ces of my P eePi e e. e this, ye British Christian legislators! who reckon LI; one-fourth of your income deri ve d f rom t he drinking Pr ee people. Even the Russian bear, as the late Emperor scs s ' said, in ens ver to a deputation of total abstainers froze "As for the revenue, we will let that go, and get A somewhere else, but not f.om drunkenness." The expenditure of seventy-six millions at the shrine of in England, immer ses cont i nually one-hundred theeseAd fad of in prison; caus es one -h un d red thousand to be regular ly legal charity, forty-thousand immortal beings to be rer home, relations and friends and placed in the dark and of the asylum —the sad and dreary abode of the lu' °*. fifty-four thousand to be annually shouldered to drano . '"i whereas total abstinence principles produces the blessing' peace, comfort, and plenty. t o I When these facts are contemplated, how glesee t i e e r sofi of drunkenness, how horrible the reflection of the w- fs efi v i e —and it is important but—th e grea t es t part of te e o p!" pending, I shudder at th e th oug h t, and the star tling 4 . ' l O r I I Englishmen to solve is, shall it come to the ChriP a s '" trophiet patriot and citizea. I d eera to speak i n th 3 laioze du e l Holy Writ. "To Him that knowath to do ge' ll 'se o . so t not, to him it is sine's—James iv. 17. You mu't he e r t esev ti e, that these horrors, consequent on 13 liaises fall throttle], dr ip d° with an unprecedented cr a sh, s h al l not come. In o rder :01 0 each professing Christian minister and laymaa Pl a tiis ° o o parent, patriot and c iti zen, mast g i ve up his own giess' t. himself with the gre a t moral total abstiaonce moi r e ° os pti%esi this is done,—when tae benign, elevating and enobli ng f op e t, of total abstinence reign and triumph, there will be Pea ce ' be 8f and prosperity in the land. England will then, le dee- e ' se e ff glorious, and free. Li g ht n i ng and steam hear the voice as - 4 e, man, fall at his feet, and at his command with winge d : PI ei c°l ;o' the deepest throbbing s o f th e m i nd to a remote brother' 'oos however, prostrates that di gn it y, and thus impedes the ° t orP gress of intellect, a n d p rotracts the realization of the es De of human existence. If total abstinence p r i nc i p l es were to be univer seWsd oll o gi tPCD. ' the nation a stimulus Would b e g i ven to t h e coaethl, to 1 0 00 nature as to thrill fro m h ear t t o heart, from We il l 00 ° ell and thus threughout our social relations, until all tie us ed 01 events of England's past history wsuld be thrown lute 60 00 great moral revolution which would be produced. dre e V e : Thus, I have endeavoured to demonstrate ssee tbe oete pervades the land; the extent crime is dependent on it tOlO et 4 social and domestic evils inflicted by the drinking pee 4.0:174 age ; the injury done to religio.i by drunkenness' i r i t l_ df r death resulting from it; and the mental, commercial t° OP,„ derangement caused by it. I have also endeavour ed It etov, the advantages of total abstinence are immeasura h ;;oo, l " only for me to thank th e P ropr i etor of the 101 Woe° for the privilege of recordi ng i n t h e co l umn s of tteslett journal my protest against th e con ti nuance o f the 01 ' 00 ,. alcoholic drinks a single day. Joe° Melling, near Liverpool, 1857. eight ed „ f f , COPYRIGHT TREATY WITH SPAIN.—A /I tA tify e ) at Madrid, on the 7th July, by the r epreses. o bliV l rlio; Queens of Spain and Great Britain, for tio e- for° ' ii ri°' ll. of an international copyright, has been laid 1, eoPt t Ser meet. The provisiont are s i m il ar to those of vr itle " treaties previously concl u d e d by h er Alkie 9tl t llB °e l le nations. feei- d l , 0 LOST CHILDREN.--Some conception may "-„ eee e l ,tdrv, lowa manner in which maternal supervision the c„"ficel'e many families by the following statement ° h i pst er P" 18 01 1 reported in the four divisions of the Manc";i-e55%,ee ea, lo if :-1353, 3,458 ; 1854, 3,214; 185 5, ",!,- to r 4,474 ; 1357, 4,568. 'The years are made, ti re tg e c oo" of September. It will be seen that the I 't e i t eleu' ag eit t within a small fraction of 13 daily, Sundai s e i fontl d t 0 0 , 1 ; assuming that all the lest are in each Os' e hou'io '- within 24 hours. Those who are clarion° t to o r fro if, tf matters, may frequently see a company, tre y ' 1 ! r ete s „ half a &sett or more of there poor little s' An 111 , 0 0 Y " the lost child" room et the police stetti° l3ll ' t herlY ,w,Dett l „' ing little company they are, including the W eor ge 0 ' re " —a policeman's wife, 1 euppose—wh°kes fol'aeecui/ii and has an onerous wofk in stilling the t s- e ps ur er a chubby lad, his face streaked with dirt, dap jesh tinuous and deafening scream, as if his rer9 L ee little e dee! on his energy and perseverance : tkcre 137trettlei's 0 0 1 exhausted with crying, heaves at inter" l6 , seho the sob, and plaintively invokes the " wanl y " ' ohc llll - ' bo tii : came ; a third sturdy liitle stoic munch" 8 _ bol dly . t o to! good woman has supplied to him ; unable to comprehend the distress of childrie with little g l ;t0 17 ; he etareenv 07 :4 h p " butties" in their hands ; the fourth , r:1 , of them op t found temporary rest and oblivion in the.,Pyret where she sleeps quietly, the ra ys. cit cheeks,— Mr, Smiles's Lecture on Y A ears low [ l ''l DO pat.. - 10re falthfal sad 0 their annuli W, 14 41 4 is the boot defor • nents. of allowing so , emotion of the 0] systora. The Dr , portion of tits natter —is not ne organ and s p, bat is one of ng upon tfla 0 prceoeds Wu. tk, necessary t° ,--‘lltl i s essentialta tiler, can be etart ad 1 41 of brolton 14 " aost meloilo°l t i 7 1. 0 the mind,• t bit 031 ecrang i t °. "' the organbeell t confined 1 0 ° a clean sto9P'e alcoholic dri-tdt m i n d of 0 1 $l l , ee33 of m anic ; I S, itiaence frota Dltil ati a n of bsfo¢ ktt manifest t...10:jil r vem ent of 7, 0 0 0 mind. The P"„s0 tosophy, u able to an Loaal charms e 00 i l ot :ct g ua e l n i e ra tal p rils k l .l as soy, taking 11014: stile r send hilo drunken-O P ,k o greatest Ssm.:o smallest sal";d0; fart. For fO7 , Y ear Cada' .ty paid a amounted t was eSP6:O6,°' domestic co niss i on , i A 101" 4 k were the 'er, total 0 ado betsveenS peop l e of $ goods forirso .4. if orating that the otitis)? °I 4 e sion. 7orfeinnthot:ve :13:1-18::::di • e people. W I at ttt individual ens Olt in lavrs of O ur . .evolent obi ur moral 10,41. combinei .ai t 0 em for 04" 4to, 1 • :don. oo- d Tti al exper ieo Al millet:on Sad w shmen, and ° 4AZ sating fact , oeCt. 0° taraCter k k t o t il t r o : a o fr n e Pre m ag s o le d tr ; resathe ling : ll : o os6 so uls Pe r t 11 / • -in that 010 lfe i mate thos°°'- 41 it a selfish 1 in the Yes r N it not in the 4)02 the wore.' the Pagan , 1/464 toy people'' , t o d 4ekon upon ti clog practic e' troy svas des aers froze 400 to t d get 0 I shrine s0014BS: 1. thous fed 14 0 .,. 11 ;nlarly 1/g 141,•J be r e 0 0 0 0" .g an d disoos#o ‘4.41 he MOO, ret dranlord:dt less ings 044# 11411' 100011 the 0 , !to: the telft°f' if a tbd lsoP:d hitt