The Northern Daily Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-09-30 00:00:00

11 R E T. VERPOOL ACADEMY'S EXHIBITION 5 2. Tr. ... [SECOND NOTICE.] -..1,1_- .E IV OIINDED CAVALIER.—W. S. Burton. pict ure imperfect manner in which the story of this stri ki re is conveyeil goes far to mar the great and w ard l ig Merits which render distinguished hencefor are, th ainrk„,,e name of an artist little known before. th e '-`44Y Pre-Raphaelite as it is, it does not obtrude !ler Paseculia.rities of the school in so startling a man hrh,,,,, ~n!anY of its companions, nor does it so utterly it s ~" 1-Nature's larger characteristics away to devote de tail s altogether to the elaboration of her minute iv eu l s t The figures are three in number —a 4°l)fpaellatieresadf:aainied:plyptanrgentolny expiring man, in the dress the grass ; a woman, who stist a i ni to . have the garb of some religious order, hem ng his head ; and the stern figure of a round 1394 pr ;'his standing near, with a red-edged fore st ' ll his hand. The scene is the glade of a atie l eaf, Pain ted with remarkable skill —every branch are' e very grass and moss, seeming to rustle and the ft;),4lstinct with woodland life. Near the feet t of e tree fallen cavalier is a tree, and in the trunk of h elef t, '"e broken blade of a sword is fixed in a de strn 2 . o ? s if the last spism of the wounded man's his anta,ad been vainly spent in a blow at talsl,-.,nlsta Which only ended in cleaving the tree ,natati s v 4 e ,_ving the weapon. Fallen from his languid 'eatup thong sword hilt. A singular and inexplicable to rpa l s, that the point of the sword blade is turnet s l this ( , r io ( ' s i the wounded man, not from him, and Eti ght -It ' d not possibly have occurred from any over to h ., or a "atii n , - le painter, one must only think that some Wht - was present to his mind, wanting the clue ill ake l i e t h t he whole becomes unintelligible to us. To c ards i• Inore difficult still of explanation, a pack of Itor y ile con the grass, evidently pointing to some eever is onnection with the picture which we have i s a'ord - t ,`, 4 41 or cannot now recall. Across the bila n i d e i n . e afi utad,„ 2th ' a spider has hung his web, thus 4 tu g il h i..at the Weapon has been fixed there at least t ests th e 4n d now a butterfly alights on the blade and 1 4 ',and, isre, neither deterred by the figures close at f tae,shir glitter of the steel, nor the propinquity ntl,lhTv's web, thus evincing an easy familiarity We Chi eel, a reckless courage not usually displayed, Paiete'riby the butterfly tribe. But the picture is n know%,..vith marvellous s' , ill, and would be a t sto w --, favourite of ours, if we could only get o th e tv e l :hat it was all about. The sword fixed in 4nt;th. G i st clearly no the weapon of the escaped , 6 0 thee, 4 riS f 1 even if such a conjecture could possibly f bl ood or i ts blade bears not the slightest stain ht east °°(l W hich is trickling from the fallen man's b ,efor e - ii , What occur! ed, then, in the forest- lade lit cards Moment of the picture ; who played wit Latter-'8) and stabbed the cavalier ; whether the in the e-v ssfrcheived his wound in fair fight, or by 11 1 „ "I'd; and whence came the Puritan and 3,„eed lv r ! )-- an, are questions on which any of our 1 ,1 0 ,o e n ; 4 ' r e left to their own bewildering conjectures. "tile lipsu have any doubt that the ghastly face, are Pai nt uteri and Matted hair, of the dying man, °l re :- viand a singular power; that the expression ,fla'ntriioessed a gony in the woman's eyes is faithful ze which f-LePIY impressive ; and that the stern gaze. sPeith the round-head fixes on the bleeding cavalier te Itru gg 4 i: li . lan g,nage which must be understood h W °rthi I n his mind between contempt for .. the s Nid e ess career of the forme', and pity 1 any ( 1 11 ,,, z tud violent close It is to be regretted th e ,„"e.ct of intelligibility should take away (mom hl alerit, i . -e n - ° L a painting, otherwise conspicuous for it i k Y oj o a f th e highest points of excellence. Such as e lkl 4 - e eannot easily bring himself to leave it. Life thev e eath, Pain, pity, and condemnation, mingle gaze r t lether in such tru. hful lineaments, that the „than h' ht pressed by the whole to a greater degree :as Bc 'n well explain, and almost believes e and e ee-v ed a solemn moral lesson from the position , s t int Ilre ssi of a group whose story is uttei y qaei v ir, ~ his , T ut a Leu n. IPainter C O MING STORM.— Mai k Anthony. No 1 , 4 1(1. h ill the Exhibition has a more unmistakeable " te gi t --° this artist. On glance enales us with th ehd e o ut his foliage, his boding clouds charged ~ 1 4 % pe r e i,'' and his dark pools. " The Coming Storm" 'he E x - h a .P,..!) no great favourite with many who visit ?Per -,-,-luyion. but we frankly confess ourselves won bangs co ion' to it. That dark cloud, which , s ,n t esii ``," almost to the cottage chimnies, will n 'nniat ° - molllcnt one would think ; and the sull.: hav e ii ti r, tarn Which scowls up from its basin, will _p a I , , (Ira S la. " dirnpled by the plashing of a thousand aln 3o :, ktetore one can look away. Ls hues . seem o ne c 4 - ' t° ch ange as we look uponand, ineed without reeli n 'n hat dly leave the picture a moment, will flea t g an impression that, on his return, the 1 . 4: 4 the clouds have opened, the of d the t trld th l4 ` °Ps danced over the surface of the pool, k Anth e air already grown lighter Whether Mar e IPePY he true to Art or not, we leave to more w.e ..., ed Ile,- Aerie connoisseurs to decide ; but, if ever t hat l ap - ,P° ll a thunder -shower in our lives, we aver ~, 97, i i % B true to Nature. li exbit....`• EVE OF ST. AGNES —A• H The y attractions, ughes•- 11141 ; ' its t°° highly tinted colours, this picture has Passag e • of the soft and sentimental kind. gnire s In the poem, which it illustrates, re it% 0 ,,,, ne explanation, and, indeed, the picture tells i nto ,",„°,,,tale• The first of the thiee compartments Of th:ulnh it is divided, pleases us the leas'. Some Of the eolours are extravagantly rich, and the green he Yon e ( l rtl ,nks of the trees partly seen is, in especial, aoditie all r eason- The attitude of the love_r n is, th in e ten t ,n 3 rather feeble and commonplace. I Rill ; a f t . division, the position and expression of the the d s lng at the entrance of her lover, and holding ! l atai: a l PerY of her couch around her, 4 """ The whole is n is simple and d no tpainted with great care, a t cle,mi fi a Picture having any pretensions to great to e 44 "es) bas much that is attractive. It seems 4e gen e all favourite with young ladies, who may 87.uerally found in groups around it. til e.' an T ,I l t E MINSTREL —James Sant.—An intellnec °,f thp''' neautiful face, but the figure has too m ch Witi; conventional or pictorial Poet in its attitude. hod tae at t h e is slight defect, it is a very graceful em poem 1 /,hich ° ` the hero of Beattie's " Minstrel "—apo to have Co- he present generation of readers appear 240-sgned too carelessly to the shelves. h. . • Tim ve ry li 1 - FAN —Abraham Solomon.— T is is a , known and humorous illustration ,, of the we_ll- A, neseription in the Spectator," of the ill atl etn eex Y for the training up of young women in t his i "e lse of the fan " The great preceptor in str ati tn nY °r tant study stands in an attitude the of demon he ha.."),explaining to his pupils hoN t. :command ev er „; JUst g i ven—" Flutter your ans," or which Illighrle of the words of command enumer h at m ed os i t t ~,race hhave been —could be executed 'stn. iLazotriptitude, and effect. At the head wit of the 4 c 4 31. ' Y Y 18 a dame, who, no doubt, was atoas t t e i ° nte h -s t ea ,son or two past, and even yet will no Nil, -- s - ,, e ;IY give up her position as a belle at Rane f/a"e game Placidly resign herself to retirerneenrt life.and 131-11-:' of onabre for the remainder of h te daes' t cheeks are becoming unmistakeablein their l ' e rY 1; 8 ; a nd she developes somewhat too fully. Her ro ,,r4sely-le ;i Pourtriyed here. These are the P u f eno in 'a , d o n " s ots," which the "Spectator" 2 11 ha-,"(1, ---those, "spots," fat red shoulders, he would igany ovre had covered. Not less characteristic are e„? deco he Younger and more graceful pupils—some ,-,;; abst;te and dignified to suffer their attention to ;`, the - 8 - f e ted from the engrossing and severe nature ts' e 'ghb n ,, ll ( l Y ; some making shy remarks to their I„"eatity.-."1.3) d epreciatory, no doubt, of the elder es ''sr, Sol' and some laughing shyly to themselv n nto 3rtun's style is always remarkable for the °re it : N ilo i ,s and lifelike power of expression. Any one l a ke " K cd even lastingly, at his painting, in . our - e Xh'ia'' c first , on, could nut th I iti fail to recognize this at rh_ ' glanCe. 4 11 X (3, 11 Y art . 411413 EN AGE.—Frederick Underhill.—Why gthi ch 4 1 ,4 should now attempt to embody the idea statid. Ch i Picture expresses we cannot easily under a sm i , h has been done by predecessors of Mr. .413e.'"'.1's over and over again, and is by no means h oliejecti, admittinga much variety of treatment. It all a°` very few specimens of what may be e a the 4/ ~ which the exhibition pre sent IT, classic art, stiti o w classic cling at all to the old, used tip super ,,Whe n ' i . ,' as one may call them, of an earlier day, the w n tioPle would not take the trouble to look in ot err , °,11(1 around them for subjects, but went on iitheldY striving to give life to what never, at any to 1 '. ( lad life of its own Nobody is so absurd as PaNt v o l L te i al l ePic now, or to tender a publisher a e ver „, -- ,•,rern ; we are quite content to dispense, for . the i,7 1 - , the Greek Chorus in our tragedies; and Pla ce ies and quarrels of gods and goddesses have n o p atn ,, n our of literature. Why must modern 1.11,,, 5 Ang and sculpture alone persist in wrapping 41i...qt._ %yes in robes that are utterly out of date, and it f g h e e tng in fashions 'Which are buried as entirely as It is Y laY under th e l ava which irnifa,no slight to c l ass i c we now cease to Cli nk it, covered Pompeii ? prej.,,it. The reading part art if of the world do not ..,.ilorner or Sophocles less great than any vkung age thought them, but we have a literature THE NORTHERN TIMES.---LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY of our own to which we must be true if we would be anything at all. So likewise have we resources of our own at the command of our painters if they will but make use of them. This picture now before us is sea' cely excusable at all. The only quality which could render such a subject now interesting would be a poetic and elevated treatment of it. But this is a very prosaic delineation of a most fancifully_ mythological subject. The female figures, who make up the group, are not Thessalian nymphs, and cannot possibly be associated in our minds with Tempe and classic fable. Every face and figure is good genuine English, and nothing else. These are the ladies we meet in our streets every day, only in somewhat different degree of attire. Perhaps the whole affair might do very well as a painting of an English picnic or haymaking pqrty, if Mr. Underhill would Litt make the ladies wear clothes. As it is, the picture is utterly unreal both ways—unreal, as a classic subject, because its faces and figures are , perfectly- modern, and not at all Greek; and equally unreal, viewed merely as a picture, because it is an imitation incorrectly and defectively worked out of a school of art long since effete and exhausted. 175. INTERIOR OF THE ANCIENT CHURCH OF KIRBY LONSDALE.—W. G. Herdman —Mr. Herd mln has several pictures in this and other rooms, and all are iem trkable as well for their admirable execution as for the selection of the subjects, in which latter r. spect the artist appears to have the rare and happy power of arriving precisely at what is suited to his capabilities. The lights of this picture are beautifully painted, and the quaint old interior seems to open to the eye of the visitor as he looks upon it. THE ROYAL BRITISH BANK We shall make no apology to our readers for again directing their attention to the affairs of the Royal British Bank. The first general meeting of the direc tors and shareholders since the suspension of payments, was held at the London Tavern on the 20th instant, when a system of management was revealed, that is not only of the most disreputable character, but so dangerous to the general interests and well-being of society, that we should be neglecting one of the highest duties of our office, to allow it to go forth to the world without exposing its dis honesty, and the dangerous tendencies with which it is inseparably connected. Never do we remember to have witnessed an assemblage of men collected within the walls of London, whose countenances exhibited so much virtuous indignation, and disappointed hope, as was witnessed at that meeting. Nor is it possible to read the detailed report, without sympathising with those persons who have been made the innocent dupes of a body of men, whose conduct not only deserves the severest condemnation from the shareholders and depositors of the bank, but that of every honest man in Christendom. Here we find, amongst other facts of loss significance, a few men combining amongst themselves to receive the money of the public, professing to hold the same in safe keeping, and to return it whenever it might be wanted. But how stands the case ? Four of these (we will not abuse our language by calling them gentlemen) are indebted to the bank in no less a sum than £121,000, out of the total estimated loss of £270,000, besides an additional sum of £49,735, " arising in the same form," making the total loss in this way £170,735, or more than £120,000 beyond the amount of capital at that time paid Ilp! But the flagrancy of such conduct does not end here. Two of these men are members of the British Legislature; men who are expected to sit in the Councils of the State, and to vote in Parliament in all matters con nected with its deliberations. Will the country allow such men to continue to hold that honourable post, while in their business transactions with the public, these same individuals are notorious for their abuse in Legislative enactments ? Its is high time that the British House of Parliament should be purged of men who, thus disgrace themselves in the eyes of the public. That the names of the delinquent o'ficers of this company may not be mis taken, they stand as follows : Mr. Flnmphrey Brown, M.P. for Tewkesbury £70,908 Mr. B. I. Cameron, late Manager Mr. John Quinn, fo'rmerly a Director Mr. M'Gregor, M.P. for Glasgow Mr. Mullens, formerly the Solicitor to the Company An Auditor. 13,640 .X 130,812 We think there are but few persons who would not con sider thin a pretty fair sum to abstract from a company at work with only a paid capital of 4150,000. But it must be noted tint th. se sums are not put down merely as outing to the bank by !Mr. Coleman:the accountant, but as losses ; whether recoverable or not remains to be proved. Ought a man, who is a director in this case, to dishonour the House of Commons by his presence; having appro priated the funds of the widow and fatherless to his own purposes, never to be returned ? We trust that Parlia ment at its next meeting will find some one honest enough, and bold enough, to denounce this gigantic fraud, and the conduct of those who have been the principal parties in promoting it. While we punish the poor huckster for dealing out his simple merchandise—the starvieg pauper for seeking repose at midnight upon the ground—and the unfortunate mother who seeks death for her offspring rather than live in starvation—shall there be no punishment for those who bring hundreds to misery and ruin by the most artful and cunning duplicity ? And such is the glaring nature of the case, that we cannot find a single redeeming feature throughout the whole of the details. Let us take the case of the late manager, Mr. Cameron, as ponrt.rayed by Mr. Coleman. He has managed the affairs of the bank from its commencement until a very recent date, when he walks out of office, owing nearly £30,000. How did Mr. Cameron come to be thus indebted ? Did he help himself ? or did he obtain it under the connivance of those directors who still stand as heavy debtors in the company's books ? In addition to the sum of £21,250 standing in his own name, there are placed against him £t3,7b2 as lost by traffic in shares. Is it not an abuse of the term to designate a man of this kind a " banker ?'' It is also asserted that the securities he offered (for it appears that the form of being honest was gone through) to the amount of £21,000, were not likely to realise more than £3.000 or £4,000, in consequence of their having been previously encumbered. We think when such statements are made by parties who have been put in possession of the whole of the facts of the case, it would be incorrect to attribute the failure of the Royal British Bank to any other cause than to the unscrupulous and reckless conduct of its principal managers. For not only was the company deprived of its legitimate sources as a bank almost at the commence ment of its career, but it was sustained during the last few years by the most artful ingenuity, applied to the obtaining fresh supplies of money from the public ; and it was stated by Mr. Coleman that while the directors have been declaring a dividend from 4 to 6 per cent per annum, there never ought to have been one paid in any one quarter. Without going into the details of the conduct of each individual connected with the management of this bank, at any special period, we may offer a few remarks, we think to advantage, on the very careless and indifferent manner in which the directors have taken their seats at the board, and how little they seem to have been influ enced by the heavy responsibilities of their office. Let us take the case of Mr. Stapleton, deputy-governor. This gentleman states, who was so far convinced of the unfavourable state of the bank affairs, that he requested no dividend should be paid ; but he obtained "no support" —now here is evidence that the position of the bank was questioned ; yet no one would move in the only direction —that of saving it from paying-up capital; but how could this be done, when the prosperous condition of the bank was loudly proclaimed at every public meeting by the report, and what was more natural for the share holders to exclaim, " why ask us for money, when prosperity so great has been declared to us •P " The thing could not be done without opening too widely the eyes of the deluded proprietors. But even Mr. Stapleton's know ledge of the affairs was only imaginary or vaguely under stood by him. He says, "I had no idea of the extent of our Losses." There he did not perform the duties of the office for which he was paid ; nor ought he, nor any other director to have done so, and plead ignorance as an excuse for the non-fulfilment of a responsible duty. What has this ignorance led to, by pleading it in extenuation for the mischief that has been done? ilt has led to the squandering away of money entrusted to their care, by n, manager whose conduct was never the subject of investi gation, until it became the last and final result that could be appoalod to ; a man who, after declaring from time to time the prosperous condition of the bank, shelters himself from responsibility and degradation, by resigning his office. We say that the law which permits a man thus to abuse public and private confidence, and revel over the ruination of his fellowmen, is deficient in the first principles of justice. But while we would punish such delinquents with great severity, we cannot find the slightest excuse to those men, who take upon themselves the responsibilities of bank directors, and in the day of difficulty plead ignorance as their only defence.—.Rankers' Circular. The Agricultural Gazette says a machine for digging potatoes has been lately in successful operation in several parts of Scotland and Ireland, THE REPRESENTATION OP - GLASGOW.-WO understand that a preliminary meeting of electors will be held in a few days, with the view of calling a public meeting to require Mr. John M'Gregor to resign his seat for the representation of Glasgow in the House of Commons. Tug Puente LIBRARIES ACT.—A. meeting of the rate payers of Cheltenham was held on Wednesday, convened by the high bailiff on a requisition signed by about thirty gentlemen, to consider the propriety of adopting the Public Libraries Act in that borough. A resolution in the negative sense was, however, carried by a large majority. A SOLDIER FLOGGED.—Last week a soldier, named Wilson, of the 14th Light Dragoons, was flogged at Maidstone. The man had recently come into possession of some money, and as he was not immediately permitted to purchase bis discharge, became insubordinate, and went away to Strood with a comrade: They were brought back to Maidstone by the provost sergeant. Wilson struck the sergeant a heavy blow with his handcuffed hand, and inflicted a severe wound on his head. For this he was sentenced by a court-martial to receive fifty lashes and to be imprisoned for NO days in Port Clarence. The other man was sentenced to 120 days' imprisonment. The sentences were approved by the Commander-in -Chief, anuon Thursday, in the presence of all the men in the depot, the punishment was inflicted, THE' STREET LAMPS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN TIMES, Sir,—l believe I may, justly, assume that my three several applications, during the last four years, to the Watch and Health Committees of the Liverpool Town Council, fur the privilege of employing a portion of the public lamp-posts of the borough, as agents in a new system of local directions, are generally known to the resident population; but the exact nature of my design, is still almost as generally misapprehended. I deem it due to myself and the public, whose convenience and interests are involved in the projected process, to seek a fuller and fairer exposition of it in your columns, par ticularly as the unfounded prejudices against it have been clandestinely employed to frustrate my bona fide purpose. The infinite variety of modes adopted by retail traders of every class, and in every situation, to make known their individual occupations and pretensions, illustrate the recognised requirement of such information for the public guidance ;. and my object is to extend this useful and necessary agency, in an artistic and perfectly inoffensive form, far beyond its present limits ; not only in reference to trading interests, but also local public objects, at present unnerved. It is unjust to me, and my intended process, to pronounce it a system of "advertising," which term—in its popular acceptation —I comprehend to mean the detailed announcement of individual trading pretensions; whilst I have always distinctly repudiated the permissibility of any empirical expression or personal detail, beyond the mere name, address, and occupation of each person availing himself of the projected medium. But, on higher grounds than this chaste limitation of traders' indications, I claim for my design, if thoroughly understood and impartially judged, popular approbation. I propose to delicate every one of my Directory Banners, first to unequivocally useful public services, as follows, namely :--By recording, gratuitously, on each side of each " banner," the names of the street or thoroughfare in which each employed lamp may be situate, together with the numbers of the houses intervening it and the lamp next in succession, as well as the registered number of the lamp itself. Then on lamp-banners most proximate to public institutions, public offices, post-offices, churches, chapels, and other places of Divine worship—indiscrimi nately and gratuitously—l undertake to record and reiterate the names and purposes of all such neighbouring places, together with ample details of their internal economy, as by indication of the exact hours of deSpatch from post-office receiving houses, the times of service at places of religious worship, &c., &c. These gratuitous public items will, at least, be admitted to be of much interest and utility, not only to the innumerable visitors to this important town, but also to many residents within its populous pale. When these popular services shall have been fully provided for, the remaining space of the banners will be most impartially and equitably appropriated to the uses of the local trading community, in considera tion of a trifling annual subscription, the privileges being at all times strictly guarded from the least subserviency to offensive personal rivalry. Each local banner will be per manently reserved in the primary appropriation of those traders most immediately proximate; and if any be pre cluded, through want of space, from participation in any solitary year, they will have positive pre-occupation in succeeding years ; and thus an equitable routine of local privilege will be constantly maintained; whilst, at all times, the whole community will be benefitted by the contribution of a large sum of money paid annually in advance to the Borough Exchequer. All lamps, situate in streets and squares, occupied for private residences, will be exempted from the application of the process, and the annexation of banners to those lamps employed will always be performed in the solitary hours of the night, to avoid obstructing the publie thorough fares. In size and proportion, in the use of carved items, and by the most elegant and artistic decoration of the banners, added to their jaunty position on the summit of each lamp-post, they will effect a posi tive ornamentation of the public thoroughfares, and convert dumb and obstructive objects into constantly intelligent and useful agents. I confidently re assert that there is not one feature of my design which, if perfectly understood, would prove undeserving of public appro bation My second appeal to former committees of the council, for the general local establishment of the process, and when it was less perfect and objectionable than now, was acquiesced in by a palpable majority of the Health Committee, but unfavourably entertained by a. majority of the cotemporaneous Watch Committee. My late application to these similar committees was, not for the general local establishment of the process without previous illustrations, but simply for permission, at private cost, to illustrate the design on some fifty lamp-posts radiating from the Town-hall ; but even this reasonable request has be-n refused by the Watch Committee, although not till after such adjourned and protracted deliberations as indicate nicely balanced opinions in the minds of those genllernen who adjudicated, and whose elevated 'social position, perhaps. somewhat unfits them for the due appreciation of these ordinary means adapted to serve the interests of retail traders. I am yet encouraged to hope for early success in this local object, by the recollec• tion that many social agents now popular met with strenuous opposition on their first introduction; and I rely on soon obtaining such a favourable expression of general local opinion as shall induce those gentlemen who so conscientiously guard your municipal interests to grant me, at least, permission to make the innocent experiment I desire, in order to test the merit of my purpose, and if ft then prove really unpopular, I shall be diverted from further zealous devotion to' it, and be saved from more disastrous speculation in connection with it. Trusting that no additional prejudices and ex parte opinions will—clandestinely, or otherwise—be unfairly levelled against my scheme till it be well understood and adequately illustrated, and thanking you, in anticipation, for the insertion of this missive—l am, sir, your obedient servant, JOHN LEA. THE NEW FIELD FOR FEMALE LABOUR. A few months since, a series of letters appeared in the Times and other London journals, showing that the most available means of rescuing the female toilers of this country from their present abject position, was the intro ducing of the art of watchmaking among them, and for which pursuit it was shown by the well-known watch maker of Cheapside, Mr. John Bennett, by whom the idea was first started, the female hand was most suitable. The subject is now receiving attention on the part of many well known provincial manufacturers, and ere long the public may look forward to the step in the right direction being taken, and which, if fully carried out, will have the effect of changing what is nothing less than a national disgrace—the present wretched and degraded position of our numerous classes of female labourers. .From a letter, written by "A. Watchmaker of;Liverpool," the :following is taken : "For years and years the condition and the miseries of the women of our working population have forced them. selves more and more forcibly upon the attention of all who have any feeling to spare for unmerited wretched ness. It could but be seen that, however hard might be the condition of our working-men, in certain over crowded trades, that their state was endurable, and even iavourahle, compared with the majority of their sisters in toil All will remember how the " Song of the Shirt" drew an echo from every corner of the land. Thank God, we are a practical people in sympathy as well as in other things. The general feeling had found expression through the pen of Thomas Hood, and at once we had societies of all kinds appealing to the wealth and influence of the country, to assist them in their attempts to lessen or prevent the miseries which the poet had depicted. But what could public or private charity do to remedy this gigantic evil • It could deal with individual cases, and it did so, in the true spirit of practical Christianity. It could afford shelter and food to the sick, and encou. ragement and trifling assistance to isolated instances of extreme want, and it could show the wish of the wealthy to do more if they had the power. But how little was this, compared with what was required. Thinking men, while admiring and applauding these efforts, knew them to be all but useless. Political Economy pointed to its laws of the relation between the demand for, and the supply of female labour in England, and at once made clear the only remedy applicable to the evil so apparent. So long as nearly every employment was engrossed by men only, so long must be the wretchedness and slavery of women here be what it is. Emigration might do something to turn the balance, to lessen the amount of surplus female labour ; but this, too, was a remedy unnatural in its appli cation, and of very limited utility. No; Mr. Bennett has hit upon the true—the only true expedient, one which, while it does all that philanthropy can desire, is based on truth and common sense. Find more work for those whose need of work is so terrible. Why do women work half as long again as men for one-fifth of the remu neration that men generally gain? Why, because the few employthents open to them are so overwhelmed with women begging to be employed, that any payment that will supply a room however bare, a meal however scanty, is accepted as better than the Union or starvation. Now, those who have thought on this matter are aware that in other countries women aro employed in many ways in which men do not yet make them useful. Nine.tenths of the compositors' work in America is done by female hands. In the great Bible Society's establishment, in New York, the whole of the bookbinding is done by women. In the north of Germany, large numbers of the clerks, j.n even the banks and largest commercial houses, are women. 411 know, too, how much much more likely you are on stepping into a shop in Paris to find youself served by a female, than you world be in an English town. But I can easily conceive that the state of things in Switzerland, which so struck Mr. Bennett in his watchmaking rambles, is still more striking in its bearing on this question. There you will find a trade, rooted and fast spreading itself with unex ampled rapidity, dependant for its success and rapid extension mainly on the fact that it is based on female employment. Through this it is enabled to bid defiance to competition, and to make itself more and more completely master of the watch - buying markets of the world. Now, this to England is a lament able fact, however creditable and advantageous to Swit zerland. Watchmaking is peculiarly an English manu facture—its greatest discoveries and improvements have been the work of English Industry and English ingenuity, and an English watch has hitherto been the model of a time keeper; and so it is still; and if money were of no consideration in its purchase, doubtless the world, and every watch buyer in it would desire nothing else ; but for one who can pay seven or eight guineas for a silver, or twenty or thirty for a gold watch, hundreds can only afford three or four pounds for the one, and seven to ten_for the other;, and those who can and will only afford the lower prices for a watch are increasing yearly by thousands. New, are we to shut our eyes to the fact that we are not supplying this great and increasing demand, and that the Swiss are'? Do we ask why? We'are soon" answered by Mr. Bennet. His , Cheapside knowledge of the watch business has shown him that he must lose his trade at home and abroad so long as we obstinately refuse to fight the Swiss with their own weapons —so long as we will not employ women to compete with women, but will insist on pitting dosr mon's against cheap women's labour. And how insane this all seems while the cry over the misery of Englishwomen is wailing through the land. Here we are refusing just that employment to them which they are most fitted for, and which can enable us to com pete with Switzerland. All success to Mr. Bennett, of Cheapside, in his labours to secure a result which will find cleanly, healthy, and pleasant employment, and com fort and independence for thousands of his fellow countrywomen." PRACTICAL NAVIGATION. GUIDE TO THE LOCAL MARINE BOARD EXAMINATIONS In a town like Liverpool, where the trade of the world, as far as shipping is concerned, may be said to be cen tred—where boys are bound apprentices, as if it were to the alleged duty of the ocean, and emerge from that apprenticeship to the command of ships, admired by the -world's inhabitants—education becomes something more than a mere acquaintance with a few primary rules, that might be got off by rote in a few hours, and so far qualify the merest man "before the mast," or a landsman, for that matter, to take command of a ship, having life and treasure confided to his care. , The term "sailor," has been sadly misapplied; for, to pull a rope, and run up the rigging of a ship, will not qualify a man to be a " sailor." The "men who are able to perform such duties are only machines, guided and controlled by others, who are prac tically acquainted with the engines they put in motion, when to work, when to stop them, what is to be contended against, and what is to be conwrecl. The importanee of having ro: - :, who aspire to the command of ships, thoroughly vtA -in all branches of nautical science, became a national rrestion, and hence the necessity of the State legislating; ea the all-vital question. The vast responsibility resting on a man 'in' command of a ship, where lite and property are cenerned, was one worthy of the best attention of the wisest statesmen. It therefore became necessary that such .responsibility should not be confided to the ignorant, nor to the superficially educated navigator. An ordinary seaman put at the wheel, with the compass before him, and directed to steer the ship in a certain course, can do that duty, but beyond this he knows not the why or wherefore. Here, then, comes the guiding mind ; but, to obtain the knowledge requisite for such guiding mind, the man must be educated—not in theory, but in actual practice. These remarks occur to us in consequence of the careful perusal of an invaluable work, entitled as above, from the pen of Mr. A. 111c diarmid, of Great George's-square —a work of which we have, a short time since, given a cursory notice. The work may be classed in two sections—the first consisting of four classes of arithmetic, namely, elementary, decimal, duodecimal, and logarithmical arithmetic. These are absolutely essential to all who wish to make navigation a profession, and without the knowledge of which hardly any amount of practice can be really serviceable. In these primary objects, the work is clear and comprehensive, and will do more to assist the student than any treatise we, have seen. Then comes the practical portion of the work, which includes " practical navigation—longitude by chronometers; great circle sailing— the law of storms," and a variety of matters in detail, which are or permanent importance. The information on these vital points is not of an ephemeral character ; it is derived from unerring sources, and made plain to any ordinary capacity of mind, and cannot fail to prove of deep interest, at the same time that an impression is made, which cannot be effaced from the mind of those who make the ocean a home, and who, by ability, add to their own name, whilst ennobling the nation. To a tyro, the work will be found pleasing and instructive whilst to such as have some experi ence , an d aspire to higher positions in their rank, it will be found the best instructor. Going for examination for certificate, after some experience at sea, the work is indispensable; it to himself, n t and kingdom, advantage and c t a e n cannot a m i his t em fail but if properly used by the student d ur i ng hi s first and second voyage, he comes with i rres i sti b le force before the mos t searching er to o n st as with examinersed ployers. GAItSTON BOARD ,OF HEALTH, TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN TIMES. Sir,—The more I go into the matter of drainage, the more am I convinced that I am right, in principle, ini my advocacy of the tank and pipe, or tubular system, as applied to country districts. In confirmation of the views contained in my letter in reference to the drainage of the t lwnship of Garston, pub lished on the 12th instant, I forward you two letters on the subject, one from a gentleman, an architect of high reputation, at Reading, late mayor of that town, and another from a surveyor and valuer of extensive practice in London ; both men of great practical experience. My letter is also favourably noticed in the Land and Building Yews, a paper of considerable circulation among engineers and architects, showing there is at least some merit in the propositions therein contained. lam prepared with draw ings illustrating the principle I propose, which I intend to submit to the chairman of the Board of Health, in the hope that it may lead to further discussion, and result in an ulti mate saving to the township. I think, if important towns, such as Reading, can defer the adoption of drainage matters, until a satisfactory plan has been produced, there is nothing so urgent in the sanitary condition of Garston, as to cause the Board of Health to rush into premature expense without due consideration.—l am, &c., JOHN GIBBS. Dear Sir,—ln reply to your enquiry respecting my idea of the system of drainage, best adopted both for economy and efficacy for adopting in a township, I beg to say that, both as an architect of long standing, and as a member of the Board of Health of this town since its formation, I have had my attention continually called to the subject of drain age, and the different methods adopted or proposed. In most cases, the expense has been so great, as to be a heavy burden on the towns, and, in many cases, has not effected the object. In some the sewers are- too large, and, in others, the tubular system has been carried out (as in Croydon) on too small a scale. It is impossible to pass an opinion on any particular locality without seeing it, as much depends on circumstances—such as fall, outlet, subsoil—nature and value of the property, rateable value, supply of water—what the present system is, and whether looking at the present 1 1 state of the place, its rateable value, and the general feel ings of the ratepayers, there is sufficient to justify the sub ject being entertained, and if so, to what extent. To attempt to apply the system of large sewers, and the total abolition of cesspools, is a serious matter, and should scarcely be entertained, except iu thickly populated dis tricts, and where the rateable value is high in proportion to the area—when the benefits would be comparatively greater and the expense comparatively less. In all eases, a good catch cesspools, it i s one t o w hi c h I s u aA p m p e I r y feag o v f eor w udre a a t bt e hl r ee, i is l e ne s dh s e v t f ia/, h 0 where opportunity serves, I f req uently introduce into p r i vate properties, but how far it can be made applicable to a large district depends on posi tion, the facility of finding spots for their construction, emp t y ing, &c., which should be under proper regulation as regards emptying periodically, by machine or othec,Fise, these details might be worked out by those who knew the spot. In our town several systems of drainage have been proposed and rejected; and, on the last occasion, I, as 4ealghaevaveyteh.expecnasdtiitnugrevhonted against Chairman it, of the th e groundßoard ofnf certain uncertain results.—_l am, dear sir, yours faithfully, John Gibbs, Esq. Wl4. BROWN. 154, Friar-street, Reading, Sept. 18, 1856. Dear Sir,—l take the earliest opportunity of replying to your note relative to the drainage of the district in which you reside, but as I am not sufficiently acquainted with the locality to know the kind of property to be dealt with, I can only give a general opinion, founded on your letter inserted in the NORTHEN TIMES, which paper I received a few days ago. I infer from that letter that the neighbour hood is not likely to become a densely populated one, and also that there will be an inconsiderable flow of water through the drains, I, therefore, regard it as comprising so many detached villa residences rather than attached houses, consequently a different plan should be pursued from that usually carried out in crowded towns. The system I have successfully adopted and recommended for the private drainage of such property, irrespective of the public or street sewers, or other outfall where opportunity has offered and where facilities have presented themselves for emptying, is the formation of intercepting cesspools to receive the soil, and other solid matter, upon the prineiple suggested in your letters, the ad vantages of which are great where each ocoipier has the Bole control of his drains, and the chief and almost only inconvenience to him that of periodically removing the accumulated soil, &c., from the cesspools, or, as you designate it, the " tank." The public sewer question is one which I nee d on l y say has given rise to much discus. sion, and is app aren tl y f ar f rom b e i ng set at rest now. I have given some consid era ti on t o t h e su bj ec t, an d my opinion is, that, although sewers have been constructed too large and alm os t regar dl ess o f cost , t h e oppos i te extreme has in many instances inconsiderately run into. I believe a sewer should, in most cases, be made of such capacity as to admit a man along it if necessary, or that it should have a sufficient number of manholes to allow its being readily accessable in'the event of a stoppage; and this point requires I the gre a t est attention where the flow of water is ordinarily deficient w i thout an opportunity of frequent flushings, according t o t h e Londen mo d e o f c l eansing. The want of water in y our pale, if have properly judged the nature of it, would be to a considerable extent compensated for by Preventing as much as possible all but the fluid part saving might be effected in the main dr a inage of the of the re f use entering the sewer, and a corresponding ving district. now far the remarks I have made may be a pplicable to your case in particular, ca n on ly b e determined by persons conve r sant w i t h th e necessities of the township ; but where the principle to which they refer can be intro duced, it is well worth serious consideration.—l remain dear sir, yours truly, C. DUNNING. 14, Furnibals Inn. London, Sept. 20, 1866. John Gibbs, Esq. 1 THE BRUSSELS FREE TRADE CONGRESS We have already given a summary of several speeches at the first meeting of the Congress, ending with the remarks of the Swiss delegate. The Spanish delegate, or rather one of the Spanish dele gates, M. Figuerola, was next celled upon by M. de Brouckere, The paper read by this representative of the Spanish government was a most modest and a liberal expression of the position and tendencies of Spanish corn merce. He described the causes which had retarded the commercial development of his country; he pointed to the civil wars and revolutions that had repeatedly convulsed her; but assured the Congress that Spain, nevertheless, was no enemy to the cause of free trade. M. Agie, President of the Antwerp. Chamber of Commerce, moved resolu tions condemnatory of all restrictions and differential duties imposed on the sale of colonial produce in Europe, or of European manufactured goods in the colonies. M. de Brouckere observed that there were still four or five orators to speak to the question before the congress, but that it was too late to bear them. Before closing the sitting, however, he begged to read a most important proposal, emanating from M. Corr Vandermaeren. This proposal, which was received with loud cheering, was to establish au International Free Trade League out of the elements for such an associa tion now in Brussels. The delegate from the Sardinian 'Minister of Finance spoke next. He was received by a round of applause; and whenever his allusions touched upon the political position of the country he represented, the enthusiasm of his audience knew no hounds. He gave a history of the modifications of the Sardinian tariff from the time when 80 francs were levied on every 100 kilo grammes of sugar ; and when ad valorem duties, reaching to 80 per cent.. and even 120 per cent., might be fo Ind in her tariff. Then, imported corn paid 9 francs per hectolitre. But with liberty in politics came liberty in commerce, and the two were inseparable. The Sardinian delegate was succeeded by Count Arrive bane, who spoke for Tuscany. He called to the mind of the Congress that Tuscany had led the way in free trade. Count Arrivabene was succeeded by M. Garnier, a delegate from France, who, in an epigrammatic speech, the political points of which elici,ted immense applause,gave a picture of the present tariff' of France. Ile described the formid able position oc the French protectionists, but contended that the agriculturists of the country were now free-traders. Still the protectionists were determined. Had they not heard it said in France that they had better have an invasion of Cossacks than one of foreign oxen ? It was true, indeed, that there had been customs' reforms in France ; they were, howe;er, homeopathic rebrms. Were there not still fifty two articles on their list of articles prohibited ? and some of these were raw materials. He called this an economic impertinence—it was a wall of China about commerce. The system could not last. France slept sometimes rather heavily, but she would wake up, the Congress might depend upon it. M. Gamier was s:coniled by M. Wolowski, of the French Institute, who opened his address by a tribute to the,memory of Bastiat, Leon Faucher (his brother-in-law), Blanqui, and others,—economists ' whose names were received with marked sa ti s fa ct i on by the Congress. This delegate then went bete a lengthy description of the state of French commerce. At last M. de Brouckere was compelled to call M. Wolowski to order, and to remind him that he was simply reading a very long article that had been already published in all the Belgian newspapers. M. Wolowski having at length concluded, was succeeded by a Belgian delegate, who amused the Congress by showing that there were '2,700 duties upon the Belgian tariff, and that so unmusical were their Custom-house officers that they would not permit nightingales and linnets to pass through the country. A Prussian delegate then spoke on the Zollvereine ; the point of his speech was in favour of a union of the Hanseatic towns under the Prussian tariff. M. Peecal Duprat was invited to open the discussion on this prolosition. This gentleman, whose presence appeared to be most welcome to the Congress, declared that the obstacles to the development of free trade were physical and moral ones, and there were many of them. There were, above all, moral ones. In the old time the difficulty of intercommunication was a sufficient reason; the modern obstacle was the opposition of a privileged faction, This address, that had evidently a political object ulterior to that of mere commercial reform, was decidedly the speech of the day. M. Pascal Duprat was followed. by M. Van der Broole, a Belgian agriculturist, who should have been followed by M. Dupont, in support of the ironmasters ; but this gentleman not being present, the Minn() was ceded to the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Verviers. M. Vanderbruck (Central Agricultural Society of Belgium) d welt upon the incubus which weighed down agriculture in that country in the shape of octroi duties, and recommended the abolition of the system of city dues, commercial taxes, and similar imposts on trade. M. Mullerdorff (Chamber of Commerce, Viviers) followed, in support of the same views, and combated the foolish dread that free trade would destroy home manu factures by inundating the countries adopting it with foreign products. - Mr. Oliveira addressed the Congress, to point out to the assembled delegates •the advantages both England and France would derive from the reduction of the English duties on foreign wines. He contended that this reduction on tho part of E n gl an d would be 'met in France by a cor responding reduction of French duties on British manu factures. Mr. Henry Bohn, the publisher, followed Mr. Oliveira. and pointed out the advantages that had been derived from the free circulation of books. Be himself had recently given a thousand pounds for a copyright; that, before cheap books were possible, would not have been worth half this snm. Now he was able to send his books to America, and successfully compete with the American publishers. A preposition was brought for ward by Mr. Sarget, having reference to the establishment of tribunals of commerce, uniformity of weights and mea sures, and money, as well as letters of credit and postage. After some discussion, in the course of which the President 'observed that he thought these points too important to be voted upon off hand, the resolution was referred to the new International Free-trade League that had just been founded. This league would communicate with the r:.en tral association of uniform measures in Paris. ne. Yates hereupon read a paper explaining the composition of the society which he represented. M. Duval, of the &bats, said that the Parisian association could not get meetings together; and he thought that the Belgian commission had better be organised. Such an organisation in •France was suspected, for it appeared to be pushing her own system. M. Suzani thought that M. Dnval's objection applied to :Belgium also. lie thought that the English association should be supported, for in England the decimal system was most wanted. The President thought that if they agreed to have the centre of operations in England, the.delegates from the various nations of Europe should be requested to help it from their respective countries. This was agreed to. The next proposition, sub m itt e d t o and carried by'the , Congress unanimously, was from the authorities of Ant werp, and was to the effect that what remained of the colonial system should be abolished. The third proposi tion was to the effect that " the Congress desired that all duties on rivers !mining from one country into another, and straits separating them, should be abolished." Carried, with one dissenting voice. The fourth proposi tion, suggested by M. Couvreur, was to the effect that the passport system should be modified, and the compulsory visas for various nations be abolished. This proposition was carried unanimously. The fifth proposition ran thus : —" That declarations on the importation and exportation of merchandise .should be simplified, and made uniform for all nations." Carried unanimously. M. Tilliere brought up the report of the section on the teaching of political economy. The section appealed to the delegates to pledge themselves to use their influence to get the elements of political economy introduced as part of popular education in their respective countries, and to recommend the preparation of teachers for this purpose. The Spanish delegate reminded the Congress that in the tan universities of. his country this, science ;was taught. , The resolution of the committee waacarried unanimously. Mr. Ewart, M.P., then moved, in a complimentary speech, an address of congratulation to the King on the 26th anni versary of the national independence. Be begged to assure them that his Majesty was highly esteemed in England. Carried unanimously. The Congress held its final sitting on Thursday. The congratulatory address to the King of the Belgians was carried unanimously. N. de Erouckere then introduced two propositions to the Congress, which he proposed should be debated before the rest, viz., one to abolish octrois, and one to abolish the salt tax. After some dis cussion, the President's proposition, :" That the Congress declares a wish that some tax be substituted for the system of octrois, and that committees be formed in those countries whero octrois existed to advocate their abolition," was carried—the proposition as regards the salt duty having been set aside, as beyond the province of the Congress. • After several propositions had been passed, M. Garnier's proposition was put forward. Briefly it meant this—that the Congress expressed a hope that a general, gradual, and total reform) of custom duties be carried:out in all countries ; and that the Con gress reproves all domiciliary visits, prohibitions, reprisals, and premiums on exportation. This proposi was Con et i a o r n ii e e d a c h a l c m l a o u s t s e u o n f a i h m i c o h u s w l y a . s v o T t e h d e upon n s e e s p s aor of t t e h l e y , gress now being at an end, M. Corr Vandermaeren read the statutes of his International Free Trade League. He announced that Mr. Cobden had been appointed its Eng. lish representative. Among other foreign representatives was M. Mons, for Spain. There was to be an international fund, a central office in Brussels, and a subscription of 12 francs from each member, together with voluntary subscriptions. PAPER F ROM SußrnowEns.—Nea r E r i th a crop is about to be gathered of about four acres of sunflower. The seeds will be used for oil, and to feed cattle and poultry, as in the south of France ,•,, but the chi e f o bj ect is to obtain the fibre of the stalks for paper-making. If the cultiva tion succeeds, it will supply abundant materials for fine that so writing and printi ng papers, as well as fine and coarse for paper hanging. miseries ther e are fesw."— A MINOR MISER' gst painfullythe m an u n it o i y tu a d s e th o e f ini m u i r n ie o s r inflicted on the feet by tight or ill-fitting boots and shoes, and not unfrequently by the neglect of the toe nails or of incipient corns and bunions. The attention of residents or visitors suffering from these causes is directed t o the announcement of Mr. Simms in our advertiAnhg columned and He is the author of a practical exposition on the feet, his testimonials from the nobility, also Physician to Her Majesty, medical and other gentlemen, and residents l in this neighbourhood, speak for themselves. consu ting Rooms, 36, Slater-street. —.dh BANKRUPTCY COURT.-YESTERDAT (BEFORE MR. COM3IPSIONER PERRY) IN RE WILLI AM TYS ON .—Th e b an k rup t ca me up this day on hie adjourned last examination. lir. Lowndes appeared for the assignees, and Mr. John Yates, jen., for the bankrupt. The bankrupt was examined by Mr. Lowndes as follows:—mat books of account did you keep between JautiarY;;lBsT, - and Jane, 1856; the-periods-eem prehended in your balance sheet ? I kept a day-book, a journal, a ledger, and a eash-booli. I kept no scp rafo stock book. What was your day-book ? It contained the entries of the goods sold and delivered every day. Di :I is comprehend the stOCk-liook, besides being a day-book ? No; we merely posted from it to the journal. Wes vo,n• cash-hook regularly kept? Yes: , Do von brow of rinr entries you omitted to make in that caih-boo, you balanca you{ books between those yea 1856? No. Did you make any computatie stood in the world ? I did, but 0.4 bV a Where is that rough guess ? I haven't it by it at the beginning of this year. Did yotl Mak, particular purpose? I made it in ennsequence of as apryii cation from the 'Borough Bank. I was not more than. an hour in making it. What was the refeEst the Illek made to you ? They said that my account was withdrawn, and Mr. Smith asked me to write a letter. Is not that the account you thergurnished to the bank (Accounthanded to bira.) - Yes. From what materials did you draw out that account ? I went up to the shop in Vauxhall-road, and put down what I had and what was coming into me. I did not look at my books. His Honour : Then how did .you arriveso cleverly at the lls and 74 mentioned in this account ? Bankrupt : I mean that I did not consult my books in computing my stock, but I looked to, the bill book for the acceptances. Mr. Lowndes: You say in this account that your accept ances due in March were £6,675 lis 7d, and'stock in ware houses, mills, and shops (all insured), 1 . X12,000. Did you get that by merely going to the Prero.is , s in Vauxhall-road ? Yes. Where did you get the item of debts, £3,000 ? I guessed it from_ memory The next item is property, £4,000. What property did you refer to ? The , property at'Bromborough I had, my, life insured for £l,OOO. and I put that -down; and : two, pews in Rock Perry Church. What did the property at Dromborough consist of? Three houses and, land. Were they mortgaged,- and for—how much ? Yes, for £3,000. To' whom ?' To Arr.' Rodrick. The Wares in the shops you put at £l,OOO. Sow was that done ? By guess. By this account you make yourself at the time worth £7,000 over all your debts. Is that true ? It is so here. Was this paper given to your bankers to satisfy them that they were safe in continuing advances tovou ? Yes. You said something about open accounts not being included in this, what do you mean ?. I mean purchases in the market not drawn for, and of course not accepted for, amounting to about £4,000. At the time you made this did eon know of -these open_accounts ? I knew of them, but I omitted to put them in.. I was very much frightened, it being the first time Mr, Smith asked for such a thing, and I znade, out the account in a hurry in an hour. In' fact, Mr. Smith asked me to sit' down and write the letter then. You say the acceptances were taken from yOlif book. Will eou..say that the bills accepted up to that date do not exceed £1,200 more than y ou have mentioned? Some of the bills may have been omitted, but I cannot say which. You said on your former examination that you stopped payment on the 16th June, end that you made,no payment after that date. Do you adhere to that statement now ? The only payment I made after that, otherwise than for carrying on 'the boldness of the shops, was £370, trust money. To whom, and when did you pay it ? I paid it between the 18th and 23rd of June to Mr. Francis B. Jones, corn and flour dealer. Mr. Yates : It is right that I should mention that he called on me the next meriting, and asked me to communicate , the circumstance to Mr. Lowndes. Mr. Lowndes : Mr. Jones is your brother-in- law ? No ; he is the cousin of my' wife. Did you, through your clerk, Mr. Furnival, send any letter containing notes or half notes on or after the Mh of June ? No. The clerk, John Furnival, was then called, and examined. He said that no remittance to any person in nptes or half notes, or in any other form, was made through him after the bankruptcy, nor Was he a ware of any sue remittance having otherwise been made. The bankrupt then examined at considerable length relative to hi with Mr. William Humphreys, and nartic a second mortgage to that gentleman, f 14th April, 1856, By the Wane she., that he had received but £l,OOO of this money, had received the. whole £3.000, but. a few days returned £2.000 of it to meet hills runuing. 11 -- entered in his 'cash-book, though sums of £3 and £,- to be found there ; nor did he receive - 1 receipt forit e qiarty in reg )r £3,009, o from Mr. Humphreys, or his clerk, to whom I fact, he admitted that he had no means of Humphrey's cash acoount, but that he now st him, principally for cash advance:l, in _„ less the £2,000 returned. His ace' unt with -M which was copied by Mi. Blease, the account... Humphrey's books, was then examined, but it c.... entry relating to the mortgage of the £3,000, or to the retun of the £2,000. His lioantir direeted that the balance sheet should be amended in those particulars, and the last examination was again adjourned to the 14th of next month. - sum of The following is the statement flu nished by the bankrupt to the Borough Bank, and referred to in the above exami nation : Vauxhall-road, 14th February, 1856. yln answer to your wish stated thii morning, I beg to hand ou a copy of a statement how I stand— Dr. Acceptance s d ue in March • £6,778 11 7 ~ April ~„ 4,596 0 0 y, May.: ......... 1,400 0 0 .13,12,771 If 7 Cr. Stock in warehouses, mills. and shops all insured £12,000 0 0 Debts Property .... •• • 4,000 0 0 Fixtures in shops, &c............. 1,000 0 0 Total £20,000 0 0 This statement is taken at a low estimate, and if to be turned into money, no doubt will be found to be at least £1,500, but I owe about £l,OOO in small accounts. Any ;information you require shall be given you.—l reman, yours respectfully, Was. TYSON. j IN RE GEORGE THODE.--The bankrupt applied this day for his certificate. He was supported by Mr. Rymer, and there was no oppositition. Hilt Honour granted an imme diate certificate of the second class. TRADE WITH CHICAGO A new road, opened from the richest corn-producing future re a o t f the world importance, oe e t , to our and of E t n o g o l b o markets,oh promise of a om h fu u tno n ot d r a i gn es ce, to be passed by without attracting special attention. At the extremity of the great chain of lakes .stretching between Canada and the United States far into the heart of the North American continent, are the town and port of Chicago, a great depot for the produce of the North Western States of America. From this plaoe a vessel has just arrived direct, having made the entire voyage to Liverpool in sixty days. The Dean Richmond is the name of the vessel that has accomplished this feat, which is likely ,to be a memorable one in its consequences. She is described as a schooner of 380 tons burthen. Her freight was taken on :board at Chicago, and she succeed e d i n pass i ng t h rough the canals,,reaching he Si, Lawrence, and, after passing over 2,400 . mi1es of inland waters, completing her voyage across the Atlantie in the 'time we hivre , etated, with only the trait- , shipment of a small part ;of hen cargo, order to lighten, her draught of,. water to nine feet for passing through the 'Welland Canal. The cull importance of this event, which establishes the practicability of a direct ship conveyance from the North American grain-growing districts to our own shores, may be inferred from the fact that the voyage from Galatz, in the Black Sea, occupies from 70 'to 100 day Corn is to be purchased on better terms at Chicago than the Black Sea ports; and, by the opening of direct conveyance, our market will be relic influence which has been hitherto exercise Greek merchants, who have had the control o Sea trade. The oorn which has heretofore bee our markets from Chicago, has c passing through some three or four cl.ift'r, hand s t that Art, anCl_aocurn .. ulating eomn change. --- ..:e. en!rges at each sow, from the shiptneut at Ci neede but the one charge for ships' freight, to cover arrival of the cargo at Liverpool, all expenses. The supply that is thus mad e a v , j e b nses. 1 a le to the Mitish consumer is so vast, that it must have ' preventing prices in future fromreaching marked effect in high range of the last two years. Thr the excessively .i work by which the corn is conveyed from e e are all r , a 1 i r two OTtlLt North Western States to this entrepot at Chicago--a name, perhaps, that is there b -. cago to tl , e now beard of for the first time by thousands of our countrymen. In that port there is warehouse room is a , imme i nse export trade from the for storing half a million of quarters, and such a ship as tho corn sent away eastward, grieultu u ra at. produce, such as barrelled ion of the town amounts to iDne four r hours. Richmond The are gu a t h o t l i d ty , c o a f n b e loaded from alongside from Chicago, in 1855, was 2,200,00 0 quarters, t hi c h i s stated to be the greatest quantity shipped from any port in same o w p o l r a ld oe . , o T f h o e t r h e er a 100,000 persons. Amongst th e producers of the vast stor of commodities, to the trade i n which this great town owes. beef, pork, &c., and . the PoP I . i ts ex istence, there must naturally be found an eager demand for the manufactures of Great Britain. They are the men of our own race, who are accumulating wealth by the culti. _ration of the rich soils of the "far west" of the States, and our colonial fellow subjects of Upper Canada. The same route that brings their corn to our ports without change of conveyance on the transit, w ill take our manufactures to them at the same cheap rate and saving of intermediate profits. It is a good prospect for both sides, and whilst giving us another security against the recurrence of the high prices of former years, and their con com i tan t com mercial disturbances, it indicates a source of increase to our export trade that may serve for years to come to main tain that astonishing rate of augmentation which use been lately attained.