The Northern Daily Times. — Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1856-01-15 00:00:00

The British mail steamer Asia, Captain Lott, arrived at thi s port yesterday, with 105 passengers, fine d on the 7 t h January rescued Capt. Griffin and men of the schooner Sarah, of Halifax, which had been dismasted and was in a sinking state. On the 11 th January, at midnight, exchanged ni ght signal s with the Africa, and on the 13th passed the Baltic. The adviees by the Asia are to the Ist inst. from Boston, and they supply the President's Message delivered to the Congress on the 31st December, notwithstanding the House of Representatives had not yet elected a Speaker. The following appeared in our third edition yesterday, and is given by the New York Times as a summary of the Message Which we publish in our paper to-day : brThe President, yesterday, took the country by surprise anchingnd hie message to Congress before the popular of that body was prepared to receive it. The President assign s as his motives for taking this extraor dinary step, his convicti ons o f d u t y " w hi c h would not. Permit him longer to postpone the obligation enjoined uPon him by th e C onstitution, to give to Congress infor ro their ation of the s t ate of the Union, and recommend to consideration such measures'as he shall judge neces sary and expedient. But the propriety of s riding a Message Mes and r ecommending measures to an unorgan:zed is not which h as no power to consider or act upon them, very obvious. We find nothing in the message itself of sufficient importance to justify the unusual course'of the President, in sending it to Congress before the organiz ation of the Lower House. The message is well written, of the ordinary length, and with less of " Buncombe " in it than might have been expected; and though it is broadly and decidedly in favor of the South, and as strongly Pro-Slavery as it ri Could possibly be mad e , i t is quiet in expression, and stctly in accordance with the antecedent utterances of the President. In respect to our relations with Eegland, the ?resident is candid and firm in the expression of his °pinions, and the tone of his remarks is in singular con trast with that belligerent temper which the London 2 'imes has attributed to him. The Message is eminently pea6eable as respects all foreign Powers, and the only sho w of ati opposite feeling is in that part of it which re lates to th e conflicting sentiments of the North and the South, which, with so large a majority against him in Congress, cannot be supposed as intended to in fluence the minds or actions of its members. The question of greatest importance which demands tne attention of Congress, is that which his risen out of the negotiation with Great Britain in relation to Central -America. He gives a narrative of the negotiations and treatises, from which it appears that the two governments -are still widely at variance on the subject, as they have long been, and the President states that it will afford him Sincere gratification, if future efforts shall result in the the ! uc cess heretof ore ant i cipated with more confidence than aspect of the ,case now ermits him to entert sin Still, he does 'not consider an amicable solution of i'cntroversy hopeless. The importance of this Ct. Atn,rican question, which is, in reality, the prominent feature of the Message, may be inferred from the debates in the SenNe which immediately followed the reading of it,— Messrs.,oayton, Seward, Cass and Weller, all con curring in suppoting the President's views, which are expressed with great firmness though moderate in tone. The Enlistment case nex follows it is treated at le ngt h, and our rights are asserted in as ; decided. a manner as in the Central American question. Repara tions of the wrong done in the infringement of our laws have been demanded, but the subject is under discussion. The appointment of a Commissioner is again recommend ed to establish the boundary line that divides the territory of Washington from the contiguous British Provinces, where, it seems, there has been imminent danger of collisions. On the subject of the Danish Sound Dues, the President still adheres to his former opinion —that the United States ought not to submit to their payment. Our relations with other European Powers are of a satisfactory nature. Mexico and Nicaragua are dispatched in a few lines. The reference which the President makes to the condition of the Public Treasury is confined to its revenues and expend tures. Nothing is said, in this connection, of the foreign trade of the country, the results of which. f or the fi scal year 1855, have heretofore been published in the NORTHERN DAILY TIIIES, and are here recapi tulated: Foreign Imports, 1855 Against year 1854. Decreased Import .. ~. -•- • • Ex ports, inclu, ing sp ec i e, 1855 Against year 1854 ..$261,382,960 .. 305,780,235 . 664,397,293 $275,158,856 278,241,064 - - Decreased Export.. The Message states that the reven ue s o f th e T reasury Were 565,003,930 For year 1855 For 1856, officl;l 'and estimated The expenditures exclusive of payments on ac c o un t of the Public D e b t, For year 1855 ...... . .................... Public Debt paid off... Per year 1855, official and estimated.. ...... dol. 60.476.000 Texas and Mexican claims The available resources for the current „ , 10 750,000 fiscai year, from which to pay the last two items, are estim tted at 88,8 56,710 &A; so that the b dance available to the Trea.- Bury on 30th June next, will be 15 ,6 9 3,863 dots, assuming that the Texas Indemnity, 7,750,000 dol., and the 51 ''cl ean. 3,0 00,000 dol., to be paid off before that periol. The existing system of receiving, keeping, and disbursing, the Puhlic revenues is commended for its safety. Upon the " principle that all moneys not required for the current expenses of the Gp)vernment, should remain for active employment among the people," the Presi dent recommends an early revision and reduction of the Tariff of Duties on Imports, without departure from the principles of the existing law, The Condition of the Army and Navy is briefly allu led to, and'the decision of the retiring Board, we infer, is not to be disturbed. In Kansas, the President naively re- Marks, there have been acts prejudicial to good order, but as yet none have occurred to justify the interposition of the Federal Executive; from which it might be sup, 'Posed his advices from that distant territory had not been very full or reliable. Ile then gives us a long essay on the constitutional theory of the government, in which be exhibits a decided partiality for the South, and its ecu li a r institution, from which the slide into the Ne raska bill is both easy and natural, and his round and vehement approval of that measure ineeitable and a matter of course. The possibility of a dissolution of the 'Union is hinted at, but the President has too much con fidence in the patriotism of the people to believe in such a thing. The Message coucludes with an appeal to the Almighty, with which our other Presidents have com menced the Messages. On the *hole, the Message will be regarded, we think, with satisfaction, excepting those parts which relate to slavery, which will be as vehemently, praised at the S ou th , as they will b e d enounce d b y a majority of the people at the North. In the Senate, after the reading of the message, Clayton made some remarks relative to the treaty of A, 19, 18,50, in order t o s h ow t h e people o f the United Stittthe strength of the position assumed by the American Government, relative to Central American aff tirs, and the Injustice of the position taken by Great Britain with regard to the construction of that treaty. He agreed, generally, with all that the President had stated, and contrasted the pacific character of his country with the aggressive . policy always pursued by Great Britain. Mr. Seward inquired 'whether the ground taken by the President has allowed the British Government to take action regarding the construc- tion of that treaty, namely :—That it was merely prospec tive in its operation, and had no reference to the actual occupation by that country of the territory in question, was the uaders'anding of the GI ',eminent of the United States when the treaty was made. Mr. Clive!' then bent.; secretary of state. Ur.. Clayton replied that it was an entirely new constriction, something of which he had never heard. He had never dreamed of such a construction being given to the language of the treaty. Does any man suppose (Mr. Clayton said) that I, in the possession of my senses, entered into a treaty with 1,- . 4ain to allow her to remain in possession of the whole of this is `'mu', merely because she had been in possession of it, and then :''reed a treaty t o pro hibi t my own countrymen from taking posse;slon, leavin g her to remain undisturbed ? What motive could an it metican Senate have had in voting for it ? Is it possible that atzy man can believe, for a single moment. suc h a view was in contemplation by the negotia tions when it was agreed that " nei:ber will cweopy, nize, fortify, or exercise dominion" in Central America ? Occupy means, first, to take posseession, and, secondly, to keep possession. Great Britain agreed to do neither, also agreeing that they would not exercise dominion there. Mr. Cass expressed his entire concurrrence with what had fallen from Mr. Clayton, and his gratification at the course taken by the President, and the view enunciated in the message. In the whole history of diplomacy tbt. nothing to be found at all compara b le with the courst Britain regarding the constructio n of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty, and Central American affairs. re was Yar Mahom death, excef not app advance beyond U The steamship Star of th; West, which left an Juan on the 26th ult., had arrived at New York, liming over half a million of dollar s on .freight. Including a first shipment from the mines of Nicaragua, with very interesting news from that republic. General Walker's government was more Popular, the country quiet, and his troops so nume rius that he had detached a tattalion to Honduras to assist the President, if necessary, in any diffi ctilties which may arise between his people And the executive of G - uatemala. Experienced Ameri- Can miners from California were very sanguine of obtaining a rich yield of gold in Nicaragua. a very short illness e privy the R:ght Hon. George Canning, Exchequer. Toe Qw.; .. po ,, ed for the mike of p COMMFRCIAL INTELLIGENCE. I supported by the conservative c the present Speaker, gained ti MONEY AND STOCKS. Sln ee oar advieets of 24th Dec. the Stock Market Mr. GoulbUrn 9 votes, and 1 Itltinelgutb.eeTlT gllghtly'depressed, without any marked move- Euro e he pacific aspect of the recent intelligence from deceased enjoyed the annual j ear. P_ , the dullness of Exchange, and the prospect of unexpected death a vacancy is c / r m oney after the * middle of January, have restored mons for Cambridge University Lord Dalhousie is at Calcutta winding up the affairs of state before leaving. Lord El phinstone continues his tour in Guzzerat. Lord Harris is at Madras. According to the summary of the Bombay Times, the Sontal insurrection seems now over ; the last of the in. surgents in the field have been \ surrounded, and Kanoo, the only leader of note yet remaining amongst them, has been captured. We have since our last had no disturbances of any kind in any part of India. An expedition is said to be in prepara tion against the robber chief Saadut Kh a n, w h ose people still threaten to molest us. A temporary tran quillity reigns in Oude, under the fear on both sides that an uproar will be the signal for coercion. The Rajpoot state of Oodeypore, one of the oldest, and best governed in India, has been' of late threatened with civil war, in con sequence of misunderstandings amongst the chiefs them selves, and betwixt a porti n of them and their sovereign. About a year ago the sovereign and his chiefs agreed at last to submit their grievances to English arbitrament. binding themselves to abide by our decision, whatever that might be. The award having been communicated to them, the Rana submitted with the most perfect integrity, but tie chiefs broke their pledge, and now desire that the British government should alter its judgment. A bill is at present before the legislative council to enable Hindoo widows to marry without sacrificing their rights, and for ' • heir children, who, in the eye of the English it considered bastards. n of December 8, has the following : tence from Herat is horrible; the whole of d's family, old and young, have been put to _ the mother of the two princes w ho wer e recently murdered by the Persian troops. Her life was spared with the view of extorting from her the treasure she was known to have possessed; but she was prepared for thi4, fur on the murder of her two sons she collected all her jewels and burnt them, and allowed her slaves to distribute the spoil among themselves. She is now red, with red hot irons to give up her wealth. We do nd immediate hostilities unless the Persians The news from Canchhar of a very warlike nature. When the forces of Dost nahomed and the Candahar chiefs unite, it i 3 calculated they will muster at ou, 70,000 men and about 80 guns. COMMERCIAL I NTELLIGENCE BOMBAY, Dec. 15.—Our money market for the fort• night has been daily becoming tighter, and the banks have raised their rate of interest 1 per cent. Our import market continues to exhibit considerable firm ness, with a steady demand for mot fabrics up to the arrival of the Overland mail. Th e i n t e lli ge n c e received by that opportunity of improved prices in the Manchester market encouraging a hope of a corresponding improve ment with us, but some few holders came forward with their large stocks held for years, at a high cost, and press sales at prices below the current ones of the day. though there was no lack on the part of dealers to tike off a large amount of goods, and it wes pretty correctly ascertained that the stock in the baaar is remarkably light, and that recent purchases have found their way into the country without delay. That circumstance of , itself is a satisfactory proof of the healthy state of our import market, notwithstanding the musat unaccountable anxiety displayed on the part of one or two firms to force sales taking place. Almost every variety of produce has Increased in value. Freights have slightly advanced. The rate for citton to Liverpool and London being 43 ss. to £3 10s. per ton, and for seed 2s. 6d. higher to London. Exchange on England, for the past fortnight, has bad an upward tendency. CALCUTTA, Dec. 13.—1 n produce we have been very much at a stand still, but the late advanced prices have been mostly maintained. The news of the October sale of Indigo is considered quite as favourable as could have been hoped for. The saltpetre question is sailed against the petition to the council of the American merchants, and prices have declined from 12 annas to a rupee per maund. We have no sugars to speak of in the market,' and the few lots taken are dear for Great Britain. Rice is in active de.nand for all parts. The shipments of wheat are also continued and at reduced prices. Our piece -goods operations since the last mail have been to a fair extent notwithstanding an apparent dulness in the niarl¢et, and although the prices of most articles have an easier tendency, still, on the whole, values have been tolerably suppurted. Grey goods command most atten tion. The bleached being less inquired for. Prints, though less brisk, sustain values, as do woollens, though it is late in the season for purchases. Twist has been remarkably quiet, and most accounts are looking clawn• ward. Metals are mostly without animation. Copper and spelter losing ground, All other sorts hold previous positions. Our nsoney market continues to exhibit signs of extreme depression , leading to n o hopeful anticipa tions for some mouths ta come. In exchange, 90 day's bills have been sold at 2s 4tl, and bank-post bills at 2s id. The h eav y demand for tonna g e f or li ce h as sus tained rates pf freights generally. THE DEATH OF THE RIGHT HON. HENRY GOULBURN, M.P. We regret to announce the demise of the Right Hon. Henry Goulburn, M.P. for the University of Cambridge. Tho right hon. gentleman expired at 3 o'clock on Saturday morning, at Lechworth House, near Dorking, Surrey, after He was born in 1784, so that he was in his 72nd year. Mr. Goulburn accepted the post of Chief lecretary for Ireland 'in December, 1821, and was then He filled that office under the several administrations of the Earle liiverpool, Viscount Goderich, , and the Duke of Welling tc n, when, in March, 1828, the illustrious puke selected him to fill the important office of Chancellor of the Exchequer. On the formation of Sir Robert Peel's first ministry, in 1834, Mr. Onuiburn was rppointed Secretary of State Co ttle How Department, which be held till the administration bra ke up in April following. When Sir Robert was again called npon, in September, 1841, to take office, that astute d Mr. Goulburn for his Chancellor of the I gentleman, in 1839, was pro- House of Commons, but Ur. Shaw Lefevre, 'ction , there )pinf; fr)r • for Mr. Lefevre 317. r The pension of £2OOO. By his :aused in the House of Com- PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE, SENATE. WA.SHINGTON, Dec. 31, 1855. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Henry C. Dean. The journal of yesterday was read and approved. Mr. Sidney Webster, Private Secretary of the President, appeared, announcing a message in writing, which was read. THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE FELLOW CITIZENS OF THE SENATE AND OF THE I.IOTIsE OF REPRESENTATIVES : The constitution of the 'United States provides that congress shall assemble annually on the first Monday of December, and it has been usual for the President to make no communication of a public character to the Senate and House of Representatives until advised of their readiness to receive it. I have deferred to this usage until the close of the first month of the session, but my convictions of duty will not perm 't me longer to post pone the discharge of the obligation enjoined by the con stitution upon the President " to give to the Congress information of the state of the Uninn, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall jud;e neces- sary and expedient." It is matter of congratulation that the republic is tran quilly advancing in a career of prosperity and peace. FOREIGN RELATIONS-CENTRAL AM SR ICA Whilst relations of amity continue to exist between the United States and all foreign powers, with some of them grave questions are depending, which may require the con4ideration of Congress. _ _ Of such questions, the most important is that which has arisen out of the nerociations with Great Britain, in reference to Central America. By the convention concluded between the two govern ments on the 19th of April, 1850, both parties covenanted that " neither will ever occupy, or fortify, or colonise, or assume, or exercise, any dominion ove-, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito coast, or any p' at of Central America." It was the undoubted understanding of the United States, in making this treaty, that all the present States of the former republic of Central America, and the entire territory of each, would thenceforth enj )y complete in pendence ; and that bath contracting parties engaced equally, and to the same extent, for the present and for the future, that if either then had any claim of right in Central America, such claim, and all occupation or authority under it, were unreservedly relinqnished by the stipulations of the convention ; and that no dominion was thereafter to be exercised or assumed in any part of Central America, by Great Britain or the United States. This government, consented to restrictions in regard to a region of country, wherein we had, specific and peculiar interests, only upon the convict ion that the like restric tions were in the same sense obligatory on Great Britain. But for this understanding of the force and effect of the convention, it would never have been concluded by us. I at home or abroad, subject only to such restrictions in this ' relation as the laws of war, the usage of nations, or special treaties, may impose; and it is our sovereign right that our territory and jurisdiction shall not be invaded by either of the belligerent parties, for the transit of their armies, the operations of their fleets, the levy of troops for their service, the fitting out of cruisers by or against either, or any other act or incident of war. And these undeniable rights of neutrality, individual and national, the United States wilt under no circumstances surrender. In pursuance 'of •this 'policy, the laws of the United States do not forbid their citizens to sell to either of the belligerent powers, articles, contraband of war, or to take munitions of war or soldiers on board their private ships for transportation ; and although, in so doing, the indivi dual citiz-n expsses his property or person to some of the hazards of war, his acts do not involve any breach of national neutrality, nor of themselves implicate the government. Thus, during the progress of the present war in Europe, our citizens have, without national responsibility therefor, sold gunpowder and arms to all buyers, regardlesS of the destinalon of those articles. Our merchantmen have been, and still continue to be, largely employed by Great Britain aed by France, in transporting troops, provisions, and munitions of war to the principal seat of the military operations, and in bringing home their sick and wounded soldiers; but such use of onr mercantile marine is not interdicted either by the international, or by our municipal • law and there fore does not compromit our neutral relations with Russia. But our municipal law, in accordance with the law of nitions, peremptorily forbids, not only foreigners, but our own citizens, to fit out, within the limits of the United States, a vessel to commit hostilities against any State with which the United States are at peace, or to increase the force of any foreign armed vessel intended for such hostilities against a friendly State. Whatever concern may have been felt by either of belligerent powers lest private armed cruisers or other vessels, in the service of one, might be fitted out in the ports of this country to depredate on the property of the other, all such fears have proved to be utterly ground less. Our citizens have been withheld from any such act or purpose by good faith, and by respect for the law. While the laws of the union are thus peremptory in their prohibition of the equipm Hit or armament of belligerent cruisers in our poris, they provide not less abso'utely that no person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, enlist or enter him self, or hire or retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to,go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United States, with intent to be enlisted or entered in the service of any foreign state, either as a soldier, or a marine or seam in on board of any vessel of war, letter of marque or privateer. And these enactments are also in strict .onformity with the law of nations, which declares that no state has the right to raise troops for land or sea service in another state without its consent, and that, whether forbidden by the municipal law or not, the very attempt to do it, without such consent, is an attack on the national sovereignty. Such being the public rights and the municipal law of the United States no solicitude on the subject was enter tained by this government, when a year since the British Parliament passed an act to provide for the enlistment of foreigners in the military service of Great Britain. Nothing on the face of the act, or in its public history, indicated that the British government_ proposed to attempt recruitment in the United States ; nor did it ever give intimation of such intent ion to this government. It was matter of surprise, therefore, to find, subsequently, that the engagement of persons within the United States to proceed to Halifax, in the British province of Nova Scotia, and there enlist in the service of Great Britain, was going on extensively, with little or no disguise. Ordinary legal steps we, e :immediately taken to. arrest and punish parties concerned, and so put and end to acts infringing the municipal law, and derogatory to our sovereignty. Meanwhile, suitable representations on the subject were addressed to the British government. Thereupon it became known, by the admission of the British government itself, that the attempt to draw recruits from this country originated with it, or at least had its approval and sanction ; but it also appeared that the public agents engaged in it had "stringent instruc tions ' not to violate the municipal law of the United States. from the Baltic. I have declined in behalf of the United States to accept this invitation, for the most cogent reasons. One is, that Denmark does not offer to submit to the conven tion the question of her right to levy the Sound Dues. A second is, that, if the con-ention were allowed take cognizance of that particular question, still it would not be competent to deal with the great international principle involved which affects the right in other cases of navigation and commercial freedom, as well as that of access to the Baltic. Above all, by the express terms of the proposition it is contemplated, that the consideration of the Sound Dues shall be commingled with, and made subordinate to a matter nholly extraneous, the balance of power among the governments of Europe. While, however, rejecting this proposition, and insisting on the right of free transit into and from the Baltic, I have expressed to Denmark a willingness, on the part of the United States, to share liberally with other powers in compensating her for any advantages which commerce shall hereafter derive from expenditures made by her for the improvement and safety of the navigatio❑ of the Sound or Belts. I lay before you, herewith, sundry documents on the subject, in which my views are more fully disclosed. Should no satisfactory arrangement be soon concluded I shall again call attention to the subject, with recommenda tion of such measures as may appear to be required in order to assert and secure the rights of the United States, so far as they are affected by the pretensions of Denmark. AMERICA. THE PRESIDENT'S ARRIVAL OF THE ASIA. MESSAGE confidence, and a general disposition is manifested to operate for a Hie. But this tendency has been more than counteracted during the week by an extraordinary de mand for money. This demand was caused by the pay ments to be made on the 2nd January, amounting to some 8,000,000 to 10,000,000 dols.; it affects more particularly loans payable on demand. The differences paid for car rying S rocks are equivalent to an interest of 24 per cent. per annum. In view of this pressure, Stocks have been well sustained. _ _ _ The Foreign Exchange Market closed at 1084 to 1081 on London, ready cash terms, and 1081 per cent. in settlements with the regular bankers, and on short credit. The supply left over for the next packet, sailing direct on sth instant, was quite liberal, and the present mail is an unusually light one for the close of the year. Continental Exchanges were even more depressed than sterling. the range of France 5.25 to 5.20. No gold goes to Boston for export as far as we are advised. COTTON.—News up to this date has had no other influ ence here than to confirm the opinion noticed in my last circular as prevailing. among the generality of exporters of cotton. No decline, however, has been submitted to since holders are quite able to control the small stocks now on hand. Sales continue to be made to manufac turers, and in the execution of such small foreign orders as are peremptory, or for completirig freight engagemetrs, the total for the week does not exceed 6,500 bales ; prices are without change. The quotations annexed are renewed from last week. The exports for the week have been—to Li veroool, 2.205 ; Etivre, 614 ; Rotterdam, 128 ; Glasgo w, 2.967 bales. -- COTTON IN TnaNsirc his been entirely neglected ; no sales hate been made, nor is there much, at the moment, here. _ _ SOUTHERN MARKET 3 show but little change in price for the week under review. A large business has been done in New Orleans and Mobile, and a moderate one in.Savan- nah and Charleston, Fr.oua a vn Nk AL.—The market opened 61c higher on 7 grades of'Sates flour. with a fair inquiry for the continent ani for tilling contracts. The art ivals are fair by railway, and the trade purchase only for their imme- diate wants. GaAtx.—Holders of whea* moderate; and the to the continent firm ; the arrivali are lemand fair for milling and for export PROVISIONS.—The pork mirket is still depressed ; the demand is fair at a decline of 75, per brl.; the a rivals are not large, hut the trade hold off for still lower prices ; the sales are 1.100 brls. at 17 dots 25c for mess ; 15 dots for prime. Westera prime mesq is nominal at 17 dots 50c to 17 dols 75c. Beef is heavy with liberal arrivals ; the trade purchase only for their immediate wants ; saes of 230 brls. at 9 dots to 10 dols for country prime ; 10 dole 621 c to 12 dole for country mess ; 13 dots 50c to 14 dots for Vermont mess ; 14 dole to 14 dots 75c for repacked Western, and 15 dots 25c to 16 dole for extra do. Prime mess is heavy and lower; sales of 500 tcs good Ohio at 21 dols. Beef hams are dull at 13 dots to 16 dots. Dressed hogs are firm at Bc. Pickled meats are heavy and dull at Sic to 81c for shoulders, and 91c to 10c for hams. Lard is offered more freely and is easier ; the supply of nevy is increasing daily; sales of 250 brls and tes at 12c to 124 c, and kegs at 12ic to 13e. Butter is in dull at-lie to 22ic for Ohio; 23c to to 28c for fresh made. Cheese is to 11c. Bacon is inactive at 9c to fair supply and v( 25e for - Stite, and 26 ill and heavy at 9S OVERLAND MAIL. + INDIA. By the Calcutta, which arrived at Trieste on the 11th inst., we have advices from Bombay to Dec. 17, and from Calcutta to Dec. D. The news pos sesses very little public interest. NORTHERN TIMES.-LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY, JANUARY 15, 1856. So clear was this understanding on the part of the United States, that, in correspondence contemporaneous with the ratification of the convention, it was distinctly expressed, that the mutual covenants of non-occupation were not intended to apply to the British establishment at the Balize. This qualification is to be ascribed to the fact that in virtue of successive treaties with previous sovereigns of the country Great Britain had obtained a concession of the right to cut mahogany or dye woods at the Belize, but with positive exclusion of all domain or sovereignty ; and thus it confirms the natural construction and understood import of the treaty as to all the rest of the regions to which the stipulations applied. It, however, became apparent, at an early day after entering upon the discharge of my present functions, that Great Britain still continued in the exercise, or assertion, of large authority in all that part of Central America commonly called the Mosquito coast, and covering' the entire length of the State of Nicaragua and a part of Josta Riea; that she regarded the Balize as her absolute domain, and was gradually extending its limits at the expense of the State of Honduras ; and that she had for mally colonized a considerable insular group known as the Bay Islands, and belonging, of right, to that State. All these acts or pretensions of Great Britain being contrary to the rights of the States of Central America and to the manifest tenor of her stipulations with the United States, as understood by this government, have been made the subject of negotiation through the Amer ican Minister in London. I transmit herewith the instruc tions to him on the subject, and the correspondence between him and the British Secretary for Foreign Aff tirs, by which you will perceive that the two govern ments differ widely and irreconcileably as to the con struction of the convention, and its effect on their respec tive relations to Central America. Great Britain so construes the convention as to main tain unchanged all her previous pretensions over the Mos quito coast, and in different parts of Central America. These pretensions, as to the Mosquito • oast, are founded nn the assumption of - political relation between Great Britain and the remnant of a tribe of Indians on that coast, entered into at a time while the whole country was a colonial possession of Spain. It cannot be successfully controverted, that by the public law of Eu-ope and Ame rica, no possible act of such Indians or their predecessors could confer on Great Britain any political rights. Great Britain does not allege the assent of Spain as the origin of her claims on the Mosquito coast. She has, on the contrary, by repeated and successive treaties, re nounced and relinquished all pretensions of her own, ,nd recognised the full and sovereign rights of Spain in the most unequivocal terms. Yet these pretensions so with out solid foundation in the beginning, and thus repeatedly abjured, were at a recent period revived by Great Britain against the Central American States, the legitimate suc ors to all the ancient juris llci ion of Spain in that They were first applied only to a defined part of the coast of Nicaragua, afterwards to the whole of its Atlantic coast, and, lastly, to a part of the whole coast of Costa Rica; and they are now reasserted to this extent, notwithstanding engagements to the United States. On the eastern coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica the interference of Great Britain, though exerted at one time in the form of military occupation of the port of San Juan del Norte, then in the peaceful possession of the appropriate authorities of the Central American States, is now presented by her as the rightful exercise of a pro tectorship over the Mosquito tribe of Indians. But the establishment at the Baize, now reaching far beyond its treaty limits into the State of Honduras, and that of the Bay Islands, appertaining of right to the same state, are as distinctly colonial governments as those of Jamaica and C made, and therefore contrary to the very letter as well as the spirit of the convention with the United States, as it was at the time of ratifica tion. and now is, understood by this government. The interpretation which the British government, thus region in assPrtiodand act, persists in ascribine to the ennven- tion,entirety changes its character. While it hold us to all our obligations, it in a great measure releases Great Britain from those which constituted the consi ieration of this government for entering into the convention. It is impossible, in my judgment, for the United States to acquiesce in such a construction of the respective rela tions of the two governments to Central America. To a renewed call by this government upon Great Britain, to abide by, and carry into effect, the stipula tions of the convention according to its obvious import, by withdrawing from the possession or colonization of portions of the Central American States of Honduras, Nicaragua,_and Costa Rica, the British government has at length replied, affirming that the operation of the treaty __. . is prospective only, and did not require Great Britain to abandon or contract any possessions held by her in Cen tral America at the date of its conclusion. This reply substitutes a partial issue, in place of the general one presented by the United States. The British - government passes over the question of the rights of Great Britain, real or supposed; in Central America, and assumes that she hail such rights at the date of the treaty, and that those rights comprehended the protectorship of the Mosquito Indians, the extended jurisdiction and limits'of the Belize, and the colony of the Bay Islands, and thereupon proceeeds by implication to infer that, it the stipulations ofthe treaty be merely future in effect. Great Britain may still continue to hold the contested portions of Central America. The United States cannot admit either the inference, or the premises. We steadily deny that, at the date of the treaty, Great Britain had any possessions there, other than the - limited and peculiar establishment at the Balize, and maintain that, if she had any, they were surrendered by the convention. This government recognising the obligations of the treaty, has of course decided to see it executed in good faith by both parties; and in the discussion, therefore, has not looked to rights, which we might assert, independently , of the treaty, in consideration of our geographical posi tion, and of other circumstances, which create for us rela tions to the Central American States different from those of any government of Europe. The British government. in its last communication, althongh well knowing the views of the United States, still declares that, it sees no reason why a conciliatory spirit may not enable the two gov.-rnments to overcome all obstacles to a satisfactory adjustment of the subject. Assured of the correctness of the construction of the treaty constantly adhered to by this government,' and resolved to ieqist on the rights of the United States, yet actuated also by the same desire which is avowed by the British government, to remove all causes of serious mis understanding between two nations associated by so many ties of interest and kindred, it has appeared to me prop r not to ceusider an amicable solution of the controversy hopeless. • There is, however, reason to apprehend that, with Great Britain in the actual occupation of the disputed territories, and the treaty therefore practically null. so far as regards our rights,, this international difficulty cannot long remain undetermined without involving in serious danger the friendly relations , which it is the interest, as well as the duty, of both countries to cherish and preserve. It will afford me sincere gratificatio n , if future efforts shall r -suit in the success anticipated here tofore with more confidence than the aspect of thE permits me tkow to entertain e case FNGLIS4 $P RUTT~fEN~ of the att empt e th is e e tl ng n a l g te e a d betWgehih snh which Stats e the e d G r eat exigencies o i Britain i t n h hase war grown in sv u e t One other subleCl(;FicsTuS . siOti with Russia induced her to make, to draw recruits from the Milted States. It is the traditional and settled policy of the United States to maintain impartial neutrality during the wars which, from time to time, occur among the great powers of the world. 'Performing all the duties of neutrality to wards the respective belligerent States, we may reason alai?? eltpect them not to interfere with our lawful enjoy ment of its benefits. Notwithstanding the existence of such hostilities, our citizens retain the indiyidual right to continue all their accustomed puisuits, by law 4 or l 7 spas It is difficult to understand how it should have been supposed that troops could be raised here by Great Britain without violation of the municipal law. The unmistakeable object of the law was to prevent every such act which, if perf)rrned, must he either in violation of the law, or in studied evasion of it, and, in either alterna tive, the act done would be alike injurious to the sove reignty of the United States. In the meantime, the matter acquired additional impor tance, by the recruitments in the United States not being discontinued, and the disclosure of the fact that they were prosecuted upon a systematic plan devised by official authority, that recruiting rendezvous had been opened in our principal cities, and depots for the reception of re cruits established on our frontier, and the whole business conducted under the supervision and by the regular co operation of British officers, civil and military, in the North American provinces, and some in the United States. The complicity of those officers in an undertak ing, which could only be accomplished by defying our laws, throwing suspicion over our attitude of neutrality, and disregarding our territorial rights, is conclusively proved by the evidence elicited on the trial of such of their agents as have been apprehended and convicted. Some of the officers thus implicated are of high official position, and many of them beyond our jurisdiction, so that legal proceediogs could not reach the source of the mischief. These considerations, and the fact that the cause of complaint was not a mere casual occurrence, but a de liberate design, entered upon with full knowledge of our laws and national policy, and conducted by responsible public functionaries, impelled me to present the case to the British government, in order to secure not only a cessation of the wrong, but its reparation. The subject is still under discussion, the result of which will be COM.. municated to you in due season. BRITISH RELATIONS (SEVERALLY. I repeat the recommendation submitted to the last Congress. that provisions be made for the appointment. of a commissioner, in connexion with Great Britain, to sur vey and establish the boundary line which divides the Territory of Washington from the contiguous British possessions. By reason of the extent and importance of the country in dispute, there has been imminent danger of collision b-tween the subjects of Great Britain and the citizens of the United ptates, including their respective authorities, in that quarter. The prospect of a speedy arrangement has contributed hitherto to induce on both sides forbearance to assert by force what each claim as a right. Continuance of del y on the p irt of the two governments to act in the matter will increase the dangers and difficulties of the controversy. Misunderstanding exists as to the extent, character, and value of the possessory rights of the Hudson's Bay Com pany and the property of the Paget's Slum] Agricultural Company, reserved in our treaty with Gre it Britain rela tive to the Territory of Oregon. I have reason to believe that a cession of the rights of both companies to the United States, which would be the readiest means of ter minating all questions. can be obtained on reasonable terms ; and, with a view to this end, I present the subject to the attention of Congress. The colony of Newfoundland, having enacted the laws required by the treaty of the sth of June, 185 6 , is now pladed on the same footing in respect to commercial inter course with the United States, as the other British North American provinces. The commission, which that treaty contemplated for determining the rights of fishery in rivers and mouths of rivers on the coasts of the United States and the British North American provinces: has been organised and has commenced its labours; to complete which there is needed further appropriations for the service of another season. SOUND DUES In pursuance of the authority conferred by a resolution (3.1 j m n m it e e r d ce, t a a n ise d s, of the Senate of the United States, passed on the .rd of e March last, notice was given to Denmark, on the 14th day of Anil!, of the intentiqn of thin governm nt to avail itself of the stipulation of th e su b s i s ti ng conven tion of navigation between that king whereby either party might after ten year's , terminate th e same a t th e expiration of dom and friendship, t o h one year from the date of notice for that purpose. The considerations which led me to call the attention of Congress to that convention, and induced the Senate to adopt the resolution referred to, still continue in full force. The 'convention contains an article, which, a l t h oug h it does not directly engage the U n it e d States to su b m it to the imposition of tolls on the vessels and car goes o f Americans passing into, or from, the Baltic Sea, during the continuance of the treaty, yet may, by possi bility,The construed as implying such submission. The exaction of those tolls not being justified by any prineiplo o f international law, it became the right and the duty of the United States to relt6re themselves from the implica tion of engagement on the subject, so as to be perfectly nee to act in the premises in such way as their public interests and honour shall demand, I remain of the opinion that the United States ought not to submit to the payment of the Sound Dues, not so much because of their amount, which is a secondary mat ter, but because it is in effect the recognition of the right of Denmark to treat one of the great maritime highways of nations as a close sea, and the navigation of it as a privilege for which tribute may be imposed upon those who have occasion to use it. This government. en a former occasion not unlike the present, signalized its determination to maintain the free dom of the seas, and of the great natural channels of navi gation. The Barbary States had, for a !prig time, exacted the payment or tribute from all nations whose ships frequented the Mediterranean. To the 'last demand of such payment made by them, the United States, althongh suffering less by their depredations than many other artions, returned the explicit answer, that we. preferred war to tribute, and thus opened the way to the relief of the commerce of the world from an ignominious tax, so long submitted to by the more powerful nations of Europe. If the manner of payment of the Sound Does differ from that of the tribute formerly conceded in the Barbary States, still their exaction by Denmark has no better foundation in right. Each was. in its origin, nothing hut a tax on a common natural right, extorted by thop, who were at that time able to obstruct the free and secure enjoyment of it, but who no longer possess that power. Denmark, while resisting our assertion of the freedom of the B dtic Sound and Brits, has indicated a readiness to make some new arrangement on the subject, and has invited the governments intereSted , including the United States, to be represented in a convention to assemble for the purpose of receiving and considering a propesiti o n , which she intends to sub nit. for the capitalisation of the Sound Dues, and the distrihntion of the sum to be paid as commutation among the governments, according to the respective proportions of their maritime Ccilero9 ir4 aid The interposition of this Government has been invoked by many of its citizens, on account of injuries done to their persons and property, for which the Mexican Government is responsible. The unhappy situation of that country, for some time past, has not allowed its Government to give due con sideration to claims of private reparation, and has appeared to call for and justify some forbearance, in such matters, on the part of this Government. But, if the revolutionary movements which have lately occurred in that republic, end in the organisation of a stable government, urgent appeals to its justice will then be made, and, it may be hoped, with success, for the redress of all complaints of our citizens. FRANCE. I announce with much gratification that, since the adjourn ment of the last Congress, the question then existing between this government and that of France, respecting the French consul at San Francisco, has been satisfactorily determined, a - td that the relations of the two governments continue to be of the most friendly nature. GREECE A question, also, which has been pending for several years between the United States and the kingdom of Greece, growing out of the sequestration, by public authorities of that country, of property belonging to the present American consul at Athens, and which had been the subject of very earnest discussion heretofore, has recently been settled to the satisfaction of the party interested, and of both govern tnents. SPAIN, With Spain, peaceful relations are still maintained, and some progress has been made in securing the redress of wrongs complained of by this government. Spain has not only dis avowed and disapproved the conduct of the officers who illegally seized and detained the steamer Black Warrior at Havana, but has also paid the sum claimed as indemnity for the Joss thereby inflicted on the citizens of the Unite.] States. In consequence of a destructive hurricane, which visited Cuba in 1844, the supreme authority of that irltnd issued a decree, permitting the importation, for the period of six months, of certain building materials and provisions free of duty, but revoked it when about half the period had elapsed, to the injury of citizens of the United States who had proceeded to act on the faith of the decree. The Spanish Government refused indemnification to the parties aggrieved until recently, when it was assented to, payment being promised to be made so soon as the amount duo can be ascertained. Satisfaction claimed for the arrest and search of the steamer Eldorado, has not yet been accorded, but there is reason to believe that it will be, and that case, with others, continues to be urged on the attention of the Spanish Government. Ido not abandon the hope of concluding with Spain some 'general arrangement, which, if it do not wholly prevent the recurrence of difficulties in Cuba, will render them less frequent, and whenever they shall occur, facilitate their more speedy settle ment. MFXICO. NICAILAGIJA In regard to the American republics, which, from their proximity and other considerations, have peculiar relations to this government, while it has been my constant aim strictly to observe all the obligations of political friendship and of good neighbourhood, obstacles to this have arisen in some of them, from their own insufficient power to check lawless irruptions, which in effect throws most of the task on the United States. Thus it is that the distracted international condition of the State of Nicaragua has made it incumbent on me to appeal to the good faith of our citizens to abstain from unlawful inter vention in its affairs, and to adopt preventive measures to the same end, which, on a similar occa.4on, had the best results in reassuring the peace of the Mexican States of Sonora and Lower California. TRE‘TIES Since the last session of Congress a treaty of amity, com merce, and navigation, and for the surrender of fugitive crimi nals, with the kingdom of the Two Sicilies ; a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with Nicaragua; and a convention of commercial reciprocity with the Hawaiin king dom, have been negotiated. The latter kingdom and the State of Nicaragua have also acceded to a declaration, recognising as international rights the principles contained in the convention between the United States and Russia of the 22nd of July, 1854. These treaties and conventions will be laid before the Senate for ratification. TREASURY The statements made in my last annual message, respecting the anticipated receipts and expenditures of the treasury, have been substantially verified. It appears from the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, that the receipts during the last fiscal year ending June 30, 1855, from all sources . were sixty-five millions, three thousand, nine hundred and thirty d o ll ars; and that the' public , expen ditures for the same period, exclusive of payments on account o f the public debt, amounted to fifty six millions, three hundred and sixty-five thousand, three hundred and ninety. three dollars. Doting the same period, the payments made in redemption of the publi : debt, including interest and premium, amounted to nine millions eight hundred and forty-four thousand, five hundred and twenty-eight dollars. The balance In the treasury at the beginning of the present fiscal year, July 1, 1855, was eighteen millions nine hundred and thirty-one thowand nine hundred and seventy-six dollars ; the receipts for the first quarter, and the estimated receipts for the remaining three quarters, amount, together, to sixty-seven millions nine hundred and eighteen thousand seven hundred and thirty-four dollars; thus affording in all, as the available resources of the current fiscal year, the sum of eighty-sib millions eight hundred and fifty-six thousand seven hundred and ten dollars. If, to the actual expenditures of the first quarter of the Current fiscal year, he added the probable expenditures for the remaining three quarters, as estimated by the secretary of the treasury, the sum total will be seventy-one millions two hundred and twenty• six thousand eight hundred and forty-six dollars, thereby leaving an estimated balance in the treasury on July 1, 1856, of fifteen millions six hundred and twenty-three thousand eight hundred and sixty-three dollars and forty-one cents. In the above estimated expenditures of the present fiscal year are included three million dollars to meet the last instal ment of the ten millions provided for in the late treaty with Mexico, and seven millions seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars appropriated on account of the debt due to Texes, which two sums make an aggregate amount of ten millions seven huadred and fifty thousand dollars, and reduce the expenditure, actual or estimated, for ordinary objects of the year, to the sum of sixty millions four hundred and seventy-six thousand dollars. The amount of public debt, at the commencement of the present fiscal year, was forty millions five hundred eighty-three thousand six hundred and thirty-one dollars, and, deduction being made of subsequent payments, the whole public debt of the federal government remaining at this time, is less than forty million dollars. The remnant of certain other government titooks, amounting to two hundred and forty-three thousand dollars, referred to in my last message as outsianding, has since been paid. I am fully persuaded that it would be difficult to devise a system superior to that by which the fiscal business of the government is now conducted. Notwithstanding the great number of public agents of collection and disbursement, it is believed that the checks and guards provided, including the r'quirement of monthly returns, render it scarcely possible for any considerable fraud on the part of those agents, or neglect invoking hazard of serious public loss, to escape detection. I renew, however, the recommendation herotofbro made by me, of the enactment of a law declaring it felony on the part of public officers to insert Idse entries in their books of record or account, or 'to make false returns, and also requiring them on the' termination of their service to deliver to their successors all books, records, and other objects of a public nature in their custody. e r c of duties tbe Derived as our public revenue is,in evidence chi e f part, ei from n e on imports, its olagnitude affords gratifying prosperity, not only of our commerce, but of the other great interests upon which that depends, The principle that all moneys not required for the current expenses of the government should remain for active employ. went in the hands of the people, and the. conspicuous fact that the annual revenue from all sources exceeds, by many millions o f dollars, the amount needed for a prudent and ecouom'cal a dministration of public affairs, cannot fail to suggest the pro priety of an early revision and redwien of the tariff of duties on imports. It is nq sq gAnerally conceded that the purpose .)f revenue al9e oan justify the imposition of duties on imports, that, in re-adjusting the impost tables and schedules, which unquestionably require essential modiaoations, a departure from the principles of the present tariff is not anticipated. AIIIIIC. The army, during the past year, has been actively engaged in defending the 'lndian frontiers, the stateof the service permit ting hnt few and small garrisons in our permanent fortifica tions. The additional regiments authorised at the last session of Congress have been recruited and organised, and a large portion of the troops have already been sent to the field. All the duties which devolve on the military establishments have b.sen satisfactorily performed, and the dangers and privation, The report of the Secretary of the interior will engage your attention, as well for useful suggestions it contain!, as for the interest and importance of the subjects to which they refer. The aggregate amount of public land sold during the last fiscal year, located with military scrip or land warrants, taken up under grants for roads, and selected as swamp lanes by States, is twenty-four millions, five hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and nine acres; of which the portion sold was fifteen millions, seven hundred and twenty-nine thousand, five humbed and twenty four acres, yielding in receipts the sum of eleven millions four hundred and eighty. five thousand, three hundred and eighty dollars. In the same period of time, eight millions, seven hundred and twenty three thousand, eight hundred and fifty-four acres have been surveyed ; but, in consideration of the quantity already subject to entry, no additional tracts have been brought into market. The peculiar relation of the general government to the district of Columbia renders it proper to commend to your care not only its material, but also its moral interests, includ ing education, more especially in those parti of the distria outside of the cities of Washington and Georgetown. The commissioners appointed to reviso and codify the laws of the district, have made such' progress in the performance of their task, as to ensure its completion in the time prescribed by the act of Congress. Information has recently been received, that the pollee of the settlements in the territories of Oregon and Washington is disturbed by hostilities on the part of the Indians, with indications of extensive combinations of a hostile character among the tribes in that quarter, the more serious in their possible cifect by reason of the undetermined foreign interests existing in those territories, to which your attention has already been especial'' invited. Efficient measures have been taken, which, it is believed, will restore quiet, and afford protection incident to the character of the service requiied of our troops have furnished additional evidence of their courage, zeal, and capacity to meet any requisition whieli their country may make upon them. For the details of the military operations, the distribution of the troops, and additional provisions requir ed for tha military service, I refer to the report of the Secre tary of War and the accompanying documents. Experience, gathered from events which have transpired since my last annual message, has but served to confirm the opinion then expressed of the propriety of making provision, by a retired list, for disabled officers retained on the list for active duty. All the reasons which existed when these mea- sures were recommended on former oecasionscontinue without modification except so far as circumstances have given to some of them additional force. The recommendations heretofore made for a partial re• organization of the army, are also renewed. The thorough elementary education given to those officers, who commence their service with the grade of cadet, qualifies them, to a con siderable extent, to perform the duties of every arm of the service; but to give the hig'aest efficiency to artillery requires the practice and special study of many years; and it is not therefore believed to be advisable to maintain, in time of peace, a larger force of that arm than can he usually employed in the duties appertaining to the service of field and siege artillery. The duties of the staff in all its various branches belong to the movements of troops, and the efficiency of an army in the field, would materially depend upon the ability with which those duties are discharged. It is not, as in the case of the artillery, a spec i a l ty , h u t requires a l so an intimate knowledge of the duties of an officer of the line, and it is nut doubted that, to complete the education of an officer for either the line or the general staff. it is desirable that he shall have served i n both. With this view, it was recommended on a former occa sion that the duties of the stall should he mainly performed by details from the line; and, with conviction from the advantages which would result from such a change, it is again presented for the consideration of Congress. The report of the secretary of the navy, herewith submitted, exhibits in full the naval operations of the past year, together with the present condition of the service, and it makes angcestions of fnrther legislation, to which your attention is invited. The construction of the sit steam frigates, for which appro priations were made by the last Congress, has pro cee ded in the most s.ttisf , rtm y manner, and with such expedition, as to warrant the ' 'i( f that they will he ready for service early in the comin 7 Important as this ad.lition to our naval force is, it still remlins inadequate to the contingent exigencies of the prweetion of the extensive sea coast and vast com mercial interests of the United States. In vew of this fad, and of the acknowledged wisdom of the policy of a gradual and systematic increase of the navy, an appropriation is recommended for the construction of six steam sloops of war. In regard to the steps taken in execution of the act of Congress to promote the efficiency of the navy, it is unneces sary for me to say more than to express entire concurrence in the observations on that subject, presented by the secretary in his report. POST OFFICE, It will be perceived, by the report of the Postmaster -general, that the gross expenditure of the department for the last fiscal year was nine millions nine hundred and sixty-eight thousand three hundred and forty-two dollars, and the gross receipts seven millions three hundred and forty-two thousand one hundred and thirty-six dollars, making an excess of expendi ture over receipts of two millions six hundred and twenty-six thousand two hundred and six dollars; and that the cost of mail transportation during that year, was six hundred and seventy-four thousand nine hundred and fifty-two dollars greater than the previous year. Much of the heavy expen ditures, to which the treasury is thus sul jetted, is to be ascribed to the large quantity of printed matter conveyed by the mails, either franked, or liable to no postage by law, or to very low rates of postage compared with that charged on letters; and to the great cost of mail service on railroads and by ocean steamers; The suggestions of the Postmaster-general on the subject, deserve the consideration of Congress. INTERIOR to our citizens In the territory of Kansas there have been acts prrjudiehil to good order, hut as yet none have occurred under eirb uni . s'ances to justiFy the interposition of the federal Executive. That could only be in case of obstruction to feder a l law, or o f o-ganised resistance to territorial law, assumi; t gs the character of insurrection, which, if it should occur, it woulti he my duty promptly to overootne and suppress. I the hope, bow. ever, that the occurrence of an t• Pal ch untoward event will be prevented by the sound sense of the peopl e of the territory, who, by its nr i ,.tie law, possessing the right to determine their own domestic insr.tittions, are entitled, while depar.ing them. selves peacefully, to the free exercise of that right, and must be prtsteoted in the erjorrnent of it, without interference on the part of the citizens of any of the States. The southern boundary line of this territory has never been surveyed and established. The rapidly extending settlements in that region, and the fact that the main route between Inde pendence, in the State of Missouri, and New Mexico, is con tiguous to this line, suggest the probability that embarrassing questions of jurisdiction may consequently arise. For these and other considerations, I commend the subject to your early attention. The Message then proceeds at great length to take a retro• spect of the constitutional theory of the United States govern ment, and thus concludes :—" I know that our Union is stronger a thousand times than all the wild and chimerical schemes of social change which are generated, one upon ano ther, in the unstable'tninds of visionary sophists, and interested agitators. I rely confidently on the patriotism of the people, on the dignity and self-respect of the States, on the wisdom of Congress, and, above all, on the continued gracious favour of Almighty God, to maintain, against all enemies, whether at home or abroad, the sanctity of the Constitution, and the integ rity of the Union. FRANKLIN PIERCE, Washington, 31st December, 1855. TRADE REPORT.-MONDAY, Comm : There is rather more "eieadiness in the Cotton market to-day; the demand b:.;,9 been fair, the supply large, but hollers do not force sa l es so d eterm i ne dl y , an d prices are unchanged. The sales, including 100 Pernambuco, 6d to 60, 300 Egyptian 6d to 7d, 1000 Surat 31,1 to 41.1, are reported 7000 bales, of which MOO are on speculation and for export. COTTON STATEMENT,-FROM IST SEPT. TO 2ND lAN. 1856• Receipts, Total Stock and on Exports to Exports to Great shipboard. Foreign 1 Britain. a. Ports. i 1,368.370 854,461 7 , 4 306 457 414 364 267 50!, 76 511 836 359,111 523,909 232 129 232,725 SCOTCH PIG IRON : The market for Warrants closed with out change iti prices, and no business doing. ARGOLS : 20 casks Red Oporto's at 445. TARTARS : Cream, 107 s 6d to 110 s, with the lower descriptions scarce, and in large demand. OLIVE OIL : Retail sales at firmer rates. Lucca. OIL About 3 tons sold at ss. WAX: 10 cases White Japan at £5 Biehrome firmer, and no sellers under 10 3 / 4 d, less S per oent. SHUMAC: 100 bags Palermo at lls 61. DYEWoODS : Those offered at auction, postponed until Wednesday. NITRATE or SODA dull at 17a 9d, lioNEy: 10 casks i n f er i or P ortuga l, at a price not named, Rom: Common American, 4e 4d. TALLow : Firmer, on account of the Continental a d v i ce . as to Russia's intentions. JanuAar, April, 688 t o 68 3 6d ; March, April, 67s ; April, Sone, 64s to 643 61 BoRAx &OW] refined offers at easier rates, RAPESEED : P easing s e llers t o arrive at 67s for Calcutta. TARTAtsic Ac•D One ton tin ge d a t 13 411. l• RAPS OIL retaihnA at £6O to £6l, as in quality. SUGAR: The demand is still suspended, and we have nothing to report. 11IoLAsses: 300 puncheons old indirect Cuba Muscovado have been sold for distillation at 18s pej cwt. Rug or CoePiie • Nothin 6 has occurred. TEA : The market continues moderately firn 3 ; common Congou 91d to 91,1. Rica: A small lot of Bengal has been taken at 14s Od per owt, JUTE enntinues in good demand, 750 bales having realised 4 1 5 to 419 45s per ton.